Rumo o uma sociologio do ogroenergio . - Alice: Página inicial

269
Rumo o uma sociologio do ogroenergio . Ivan Sergio Freire de Sousa

Transcript of Rumo o uma sociologio do ogroenergio . - Alice: Página inicial

Rumo o uma sociologio do ogroenergio .

Ivan Sergio Freire de Sousa

Embrapa Informação Tecnológica

Brasília, DF

2010

Ivan Sergio Freire de Sousa

Rumo a uma sociologia da agroenergia

ISSN 1677-5473

Texto para Discussão 38

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

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Sousa, Ivan Sergio Freire de.Rumo a uma sociologia da agroenergia / Ivan Sergio Freire de Souza. – Brasília, DF : Embrapa

Informação Tecnológica, 2010.259 p. : il. ; 21 cm x 15 cm - (Texto para Discussão / Embrapa. Departamento de Pesquisa e

Desenvolvimento, ISSN 1677-5473 ; 38).

1. Biocombustível. 2. Etanol. 3. Biodiesel. 4. Teoria sociológica. I. Embrapa. Departamento de

Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento.

CDD 662.669

Apresentação

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Sumário

Resumo ....................................................................9

Abstract ..................................................................10

Introdução ..............................................................11

Evolução tecnológica e aumento da demanda por energia .........................................18

Da máquina a vapor ao automóvel e ao uso dos combustíveis fósseis ..........................20

Agroenergia e bioenergia .......................................51

Distinguindo bioenergia de agroenergia ................53

Agroenergia no Brasil ............................................57

A produção de etanol .............................................60

Primórdios de um combustível nacional ................81

O Instituto do Açúcar e do Álcool (IAA) ..............88

O álcool-motor .......................................................92

Identidade nacional e dinamismo na economia .....97

O Proálcool ..........................................................105

A produção de biodiesel .......................................118

Agroenergia e produção de alimentos ..................140

Sociologia da Agroenergia ...................................145

Perspectivas teóricas ............................................169

O legado dos fundadores ......................................181

Sociologia do Social ............................................210

Sociologia das Associações .................................223

Implicações para a Sociologia da Agroenergia ....228

Por uma Sociologia da Agroenergia ....................237

Referências ...........................................................243

Ivan Sergio Freire de Sousa3,4

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Referências

{ghUUg } *Vk)*52 MP4 b*%'4I M4- y,5+,# ,+2 ,7$2# =4;2 ./SQ2

JgAthJMOTU# g2 f2 +,2 História da vida privada no

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JggAA# B2 h2 The social life of animals2 g*>*o,66,I JZM b5,77# ./`@2

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TAOU# A2 m2 f2s hUTTANJ# m2 +, h2s qUtuJgAu# B2 +, J2 !A+2"2 Biodiesel e óleo vegetal in natura (Soluções energé-

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ZJhAGU# N2 h2 !U5<2"2 A energia da cana-de-açúcarI +4H, ,76%+47 74&5, * *<54(=+k765(* +* )*=*a+,a*Vk)*5 =4 ^5*7(' , * 7%* 7%76,=6*&('(+*+,2 02 ,+2 MP4 b*%'4I 3=()*# 011`2

ZJhNttNM# b2 BittersweetI 6:, :(7645o 4> 7%<*52 h54n7 t,76I J'',= } 3=n(=# 01102

ZJgAT^J# m2 A corte no exílioI )(;('(H*VP4 , $4+,5 =4 ^5*7(' K7 ;D7$,5*7 +* N=+,$,=+F=)(* !.S1S * .S0."2 MP4 b*%'4I h4--

$*=:(* +*7 g,65*7# 01112

ZJTOAgg# g2 Ecology and society2 J-:,576I 3=(;,57(6o 4> Z*77*):%7,667 b5,772 .//?2

ZJTONtM# m2 +, M2 O cativeiro da terra2 /2 ,+2 MP4 b*%'4I h4=6,E64# 01.12

ZJT�# v2 O capital - crítica da economia políticaI '(;54 .I 4 $54),774 +, $54+%VP4 )*$(6*'(76*2 T(4 +, m*=,(54I h(;('(H*VP4 ^5*7(',(5*# ./_S2

ZJT�# v2 Capital2 t,n |45iI N=6,5=*6(4=*' b%&'(7:,57# ./``2 ;2 Q2

ZJT�# v2 Grundrisse2 t,n |45iI y(=6*<, ^44i7# ./`Q2

ZJu3ZGJT# M2 O:, (-$*)6 4> =,n n45'+ >44+ )54$7 4= 6:, +(,6 *=+ ,)4=4-o 4> h:(=* *=+ �=+(*# ._11a./112 N=I qTAB# T2 !A+2"2 Food in global history2 ^4%'+,5I B,76;(,n b5,77# .///2 $2 @Sa`S2

ZAJG# q2 p2 Mind, self, & societyI >54- 6:, 76*=+$4(=6 4> * 74)(*' &,:*;(45(762 h:()*<4I O:, 3=(;,57(6o 4> h:()*<4 b5,77# .//02 ;2 .2

0@? O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS

N;*= M,5<(4 f5,(5, +, M4%7*

ZAgU# f2 +, ^2s ^JgMJGN# U2 y2 N=)'%7P4 74)(*' =* $54+%VP4 >*-('(*5 +, &(4+(,7,'I ,=,5<(*# 5,=+* , )(+*+*=(* =4 7,-(95(+4 $(*%(,=7,2 N=I MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s hJ^TJg# m2 T2 f2 !A+2"2 Ciência como instrumento de inclusão social2 ^5*7W'(*# GfI A-&5*$* N=>45-*VP4 O,)=4'e<()*# 011/2 $2 .``a01S2

ZAggU# f2 b2 +,2 Quem foi Lampião2 T,)(>,I M6*:'(# .//Q2

ZATOUt# T2 v2 SociologiaI 6,45(* , ,765%6%5*2 MP4 b*%'4I Z,765, m4%# ./`/2

ZNtOu# M2 B2 Sweetness and powerI 6:, $'*), 4> 7%<*5 (= -4+,5= :(7645o2 t,n |45iI b,=<%(= ^44i7# ./S_2

ZNTJtGJ# m2 T2 História da cana-de-açúcar2 h*-$(=*7I v4-,+(# 011S2

ZUTMA# h2 O:, >%=)6(4=*' (-$,5*6(;,72 ^gJhv# Z2 !A+2"2 N=I The social theories of talcott parsonsI * )5(6()*' ,E*-(=*6(4=2 g4=+5,7# 3vI f,>>,5 } M(-4=7# ./_.2 $2 .11a.@02

ZUMvUBNOu# m2 g2 O:, $7o):4'4<o 4> 7n,,6=,772 N=I MNb-

bgA# p2 g2s Zht3OO# v2 B2 !A+2"2 Sugars in nutrition2 t,n |45iI J)*+,-() b5,77# ./`@2 $2 Q`a_?

Z3Tbp|# T2 A)4'4<()*' -*6,5(*'(7- *=+ 6:, 74)(4'4<o 4> Z*E B,&,52 N=I G3tgJb# T2 A2s ^3OOAg# f2 p2s GNhvAtM# b2s qNmMBNmO# J2 !A+2"2 Sociological theory and the environ-

mentI )'*77()*' >4%=+*6(4=7# )4=6,-$45*5o (=7(<:672 g*=:*-I T4n-*= } g(66',[,'+ b%&'(7:,57# 011.2 $2 `QaS/2

tAgMUt# G2 g2s hU�# Z2 Z2 Lehninger principles of bio-

chemistry2 Q2 ,+2 t,n |45iI B456: b%&'(7:,572 01112

tAMOgA# Z2 Food politicsI :4n 6:, >44+ (=+%765o (=L%,=),7 =%65(6(4= *=+ :,*'6:2 ^,5i,',oI 3=(;,57(6o 4> h*'(>45=(* b5,77# 01102

UGGUtA# G2 h2 Co-geraçãoI %-* *'6,5=*6(;* $*5* $54+%VP4 +, ,',65()(+*+,2 011.2 S0 >2 G(77,56*VP4 !Z,765*+4" a 3=(;,57(-+*+, +, MP4 b*%'4# MP4 b*%'4# 011.2

O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS0@@

T%-4 * %-* 74)(4'4<(* +* *<54,=,5<(*

UTOAqJ | qJMMAO# m2 Meditações do Quixote2 T(4 +, m*=,(54I g(;54 N&,54aJ-,5()*=4# ./_`2

UTONu# f2 Cuban counterpointI 64&*))4 *=+ 7%<*52 G%5:*-I G%i, 3=(;,57(6o b5,77# 011_2

bJg3Z^U# Z2 T2 ^4- <4764 , &4- 7,=74 =* $54+%VP4 ,- 7D5(,I * h*7* O:4=,62 N=I GA ZJMN# G2 !U5<2"2 A emoção e a

regraI 47 <5%$47 )5(*6(;47 =* A%54$* +, .S@1 * ./@12 /2 ,+2 T(4 +, m*=,(54I m47D U'o-$(4# 011`2

bAMhA# h2 Oleaginosas da Amazônia2 02 ,+2 ^,'D-I Z%7,% b*5*,=7, A-W'(4 q4,'+(# 011/2

bAMMUJ# f2 Poesias2 b4564 J',<5,I g}bZ# .//_2

bfJffZJt# h2s ^JTOUMp3v# g2 Z2s Zh^3TtA|# G2 p2 O*76, $7o):4$:o7()72 N=I ^ANGgAT# g2 !A+2"2 p*=+&44i 4> 7,=745o $:o7(4'4<o2 Chemical senses# UE>45+# ;2 02 $*56 0# $2 S0a.10# ./`.2

bNg^AJZ# G2 O:, +,7),=6 4> :4-(=4(+7 *=+ :4-(=(+72 @(!2-=!'(%AB2#!()-# t,n |45i# $2 _1a_/# ./S?2

bNZAtOAg# G2s bJOuAv# O2 B2 A6:*=4' $54+%)6(4= %7(=< )45=# 7n(6):<5*77# *=+ n44+s &(4+(,7,' $54+%)6(4= %7(=<

74o&,*= *=+ 7%=L4n,52 Natural Resources Reserch# g*<%=*# ;2 .?# =2.# $2 _@a`_# 011@2

bNtpANTU# b2 h2s MJZbJNU# T2 M2s TAMAtGA# Z2 J2 +,s ^JMOUM fNgpU# m2 q2 Fundamentos e prática da

carbonização de biomassa2 ^,'4 p45(H4=6,I J%645,7# 011.2

bUTOAT# q2 T2 The nature and properties of the sugar

cane2 b:('*+,'$:(*I h*5,o *=+ g,*# .SQ.2

bU3gJtOuJM# t2 Political power and social classes2 g4=-

+5,7# 3vI t,n g,>6 ^44i7# ./`S*2

bU3gJtOuJM# t2 Classes in contemporary capitalism2 g4=+5,7# 3vI t,n g,>6 ^44i7# ./`S&2

0@_ O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS

N;*= M,5<(4 f5,(5, +, M4%7*

bTJGU# b2 Retrato do Brasil2 S2 ,+2 MP4 b*%'4I h4-$*=:(* +*7 g,65*7# .//`2

bTJGU m3tNUT# h2 Evolução política do Brasil e outros

estudos2 ?2 ,+2 MP4 b*%'4I ^5*7('(,=7,# ./_Q2

z3AGJ# U2 A intervenção do estado e a agroindústria

açucareira paulista2 ./`02 .`Q >2 O,7, !G4%645*+4 ,- J<54-

=4-(*" l A7*'C�3Mb a 3=(;,57(+*+, +, MP4 b*%'4# MP4 b*%'4 ./`02

TJZUM# b2 J ,;4'%VP4 +* *<54(=+k765(* )*=*;(,(5* , 47 -,5-)*+47 +, *Vk)*5 , +, 9')44' )*5&%5*=6, =4 ^5*7('I * =,),77(+*+, +, $'*=,8*-,=64 , )4=654',2 N=I hUtqTAMMU GJ MUhNAGJ-

GA ^TJMNgANTJ GA AhUtUZNJ# JGZNtNMOTJ��U A MUhNUgUqNJ T3TJg# ?_2# 011S# T(4 ^5*=)42 Anais... T(4 ^5*=)4I M4&,5# 011S2

TJZUM# b2 Agroindústria canavieira e propriedade fundiá-

ria no Brasil2 MP4 b*%'4I p%)(6,)# .///2

TUGTNq3AM# m2 p2 Retratos do Brasil2 T(4 +, m*=,(54I h(;(-'(H*VP4 ^5*7(',(5*# ./``2 ;2 02

MJ|AT# J2 Radical political economyI * )5(6(C%,2 g4=+5,7# 3vI ^'*)in,''# .//@2

Mhp3Ou# J2 The phenomenology of the social world2 A;*=764=I t456:n,76,5= 3=(;,57(6o b5,77# ./_`2

Mhp3Ou# J2s g3hvZJtt# O2 The structures of the life-

-world2 A;*=764=I t456:n,76,5= 3=(;,57(6o b5,77# ./`Q2 ;2 .2

MhpBJThu# g2 Z2 História da vida privada no BrasilI )4=-

65*76,7 +* (=6(-(+*+, )4=6,-$45j=,*2 MP4 b*%'4I h4-$*=:(* +*7 g,65*7# 011?2 ;2 ?2

MhgNJT# Z2 Saturno nos trópicosI * -,'*=)4'(* ,%54$,(* ):,<* *4 ^5*7('2 MP4 b*%'4I h4-$*=:(* +*7 g,65*72 011Q2

MAyhAtvU# t2 História da vida privada no Brasil - Repu-

blicadaI +* ^,'', w$4C%, K ,5* +4 59+(4# MP4 b*%'4I h4-$*-

=:(* +*7 g,65*7# .//S2 ;2 Q

O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS0@`

T%-4 * %-* 74)(4'4<(* +* *<54,=,5<(*

MpTAAyA# m2 T,+,7(<=(=< '(>, 64 -*i, ,6:*=4' l <,=,6()*''o ,=<(=,,5,+ 45<*=(7-7 )*= -45, ,>[)(,=6'o $54+%), ,6:*=4' >54- ):,*$ *=+ *&%=+*=6 74%5),7 4> &(4-*77# 7%): *7 *<5()%'-6%5*' n*76,2 N6 )4%'+ -*i, ,6:*=4' )476 )4-$,6(6(;,2 N=I Tech-

nology Review# ^4764=# 011_2 G(7$4=W;,' ,-I�:66$I��nnn26,-

):=4'4<o5,;(,n2)4-�$5(=6,5�>5(,=+'o�*56()',2*7$Er(+�.`1@0�2 J),774 ,-I ./ -*(4 011/2

MNgyJ# m2 +, M2 J<5()%'6%5* >*-('(*5 , (=4;*VP4 $*5*+(<-96(-)* =* $,7C%(7* *<54$,)%95(*I )4=6,E64# (=6,5*VP4 , D6()* $*5* * (=)'%7P4 74)(*'2 N=I MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s hJ^TJg# m2 T2 f2 !U5<2"2 Ciência como instrumento de inclusão social2 ^5*7W-'(*# GfI A-&5*$* N=>45-*VP4 O,)=4'e<()*# 011/# $2 Q0/aQS_2

MNZZAg# q2 The philosophy of money2 02 ,+2 t,n |45iI T4%6',+<,# 011.2

MNZ�AM# J2 m2 f2 ^(4)4-&%76W;,(7I * ,E$,5(F=)(* &5*7(',(5* , 4 +,7*[4 +* )4=74'(+*VP4 +4 -,5)*+4 (=6,5=*)(4=*'2 N=I Biocom-

bustíveis no BrasilI 5,*'(+*+,7 , $,57$,)6(;*72 ^5*7W'(*# GfI Z(=(76D5(4 +*7 T,'*V\,7 AE6,5(45,7# 011`2

MNtqAT# b2 N2 Desenvolvimento econômico e evolução urba-

naI *=9'(7, +* ,;4'%VP4 ,)4=]-()* +, MP4 b*%'4# ^'%-,=*%# b4564 J',<5,# ^,'4 p45(H4=6, , T,)(>,2 MP4 b*%'4I t*)(4=*'# ./`?2

MZNOp# J2 ,B)%!-C23=!4)D.$%3$E#2%)%-)=:#21)%2%():3)3%+)%riqueza das nações2 h%5(6(&*I p,-%7# 011.2

MUhNAO| 4> $,654',%- ,=<(=,,572 Oil and natural gas2 t,n |45iI Gv b%&'(7:(=<# 011S2

MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s hJ^TJg# m2 T2 f2 h(F=)(* , (=)'%7P4 74)(*' =* *<5()%'6%5*2 N=I MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s hJ^TJg# m2 T2 f2 !U5<2"2 Ciência como instrumento de inclusão social2 ^5*7W'(*# GfI A-&5*$* N=>45-*VP4 O,)=4'e<()*# 011/2

MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s yNANTJ# T2 +, h2 Z2 O2 M4o&,*=7 *=+ 74o>44+7 (= ^5*H('# n(6: =46,7 4= J5<,=6(=* l 7i,6): 4> *= ,E$*=+(=< n45'+ )4--4+(6o2 N=I G3^UNM# h2 Z2s OJt# ha^2s ZNtOu# M2 !A+2"2 The World of Soy2 h:()*<4I 3=(;,57(6o 4> N''(=4(7# 011S2 $20Q?a0@_

0@S O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS

N;*= M,5<(4 f5,(5, +, M4%7*

MU3MJ# N2 M2 f2 +,s ^3Mhp# g2 Networks and agricultural

developmentI 6:, )*7, 4> 74o&,*= $54+%)6(4= *=+ )4=7%-$-

6(4= (= ^5*H('2 Rural Sociology# J77,=# ;2 _Q# =2 Q# $2 Q?/aQ`.# .//S2

MU3uJ# g2 +, Z2 ,2 História da vida privada no BrasilI )46(+(*=4 , ;(+* $5(;*+* =* J-D5()* $456%<%,7*2 MP4 b*%'4I h4-$*=:(* +*7 g,65*7# .//`2

MbN�# m2 ^2 ;4=s ZJTON3M# h2 f2 b2 ;4=2 Viagem pelo BrasilI .S.`a.S012 ^,'4 p45(H4=6,I N6*6(*(*# ./S.2

MuZTAhM{t|N# O2 O planejamento da agroindústria ca-

navieira do BrasilI !./Q1a./`@"2 MP4 b*%'4I p%)(6,)# ./`/2

MuZTAhM{t|N# O2s TJZUM# b2s TJZUM fNgpU# g2 U2s yANqJ fNgpU# J2 +, J2 !B2-3F23>%#!3($3%2%+23)'$3%+)%)=:-

al expansão canavieira2 ^5*7W'(*# GfI A-&5*$* N=>45-*VP4 O,)=4'e<()*# 011S2 !O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# =2 Q0"2

OAThN# A2 O2 Agroindústria canavieira de PiracicabaI 5,'*V\,7 +, 65*&*':4 , )4=654', 74)(*'# .SS1a./Q12 .//.2 .Q@ >2 G(77,56*VP4 !Z,765*+4" a b4=6([)* 3=(;,57(+*+, +, MP4 b*%'4# MP4 b*%'4# .//.2

OT3GJ# g2 A defesa da produção açucareira2 T(4 +, m*=,(-54I N=76(6%64 +4 JVk)*5 , +4 {')44'# ./`.2

BA^AT# Z2 A gênese do capitalismo moderno2 MP4 b*%'4I {6()*# 011_2

BA^AT# Z2 A ética protestante e o espírito do capitalismo2 MP4 b*%'4Ib(4=,(5*# ./_`2

BA^AT# Z2 Economia e sociedadeI >%=+*-,=647 +* 74)(4-

'4<(* )4-$5,,=7(;*2 ^5*7W'(*# GfI A+(645* +* 3=(;,57(+*+, +, ^5*7W'(*# .//.2 ;2 .2

BA^AT# Z2 Economia e sociedadeI >%=+*-,=647 +* 74)(4-

'4<(* )4-$5,,=7(;*2 ^5*7W'(*# GfI A+(645* +* 3=(;,57(+*+, +, ^5*7W'(*# .///2 ;2 02

O,E64 $*5* G(7)%77P4# QS0@/

T%-4 * %-* 74)(4'4<(* +* *<54,=,5<(*

BpNOApAJG# p2 Analyzing animal societiesI C%*=6(6*6(;, -,6:4+7 >45 ;,56,&5*6, 74)(*' *=*'o7(72 h:()*<4I O:, 3=(;,57(-6o 4> h:()*<4 b5,77# 011S2

BNgvNtMUt# ms pATTATJ# M2 Os agro-combustíveis no

BrasilI C%*(7 $,57$,)6(;,7 $*5* 4 )*-$4r ^5*7W'(*# GfI UE>*- N=6,5=*6(4=*' =4 ^5*7('# 011S2

BNggNJZMUt# p2 f2s GJ3Z# J2 T2 The american petro-

leum industryI 6:, *<, 4> (''%-(=*6(4=# .S@/a.S//2 A;*=764=I t456:n,76,5= 3=(;,57(6o b5,77# ./@/2 ;2 .2

BNggNJZMUt# p f2s JtGTAJtU# T2 g2s GJ3Z# J2 T2s vgUMA# q2 h2 The american petroleum industryI 6:, *<, 4> ,=,5<o# .S//a./@/2 A;*=764=I t456:n,76,5= 3=(;,57(6o b5,77# ./_Q2 ;2 02

|ATqNt# G2 The prizeI 6:, ,$() C%,76 >45 4('# -4=,o } $4-

n,52 t,n |45iI f5,, b5,77# 011Q2

uJvJTNJ# f2 The post-american world2 t,n |45iI B2 B2 t4564=# 011S2

uA3tAT# f2 A2 A history of domesticated animals2 g4=+5,7# 3vI p%6):(=74=# ./_Q2

Títulos lançados

1998

to . l J $,7C%(7* , 4 $54&',-* +, $,7C%(7*I C%,- 47 +,6,5-(=*rPH/*&<%,;!4&L,%!,%&+%&<4)"/

to 0 l b548,VP4 +* +,-*=+* 5,<(4=*' +, <5P47 =4 ^5*7('I .//_ * 011@4̂"$!$!(4&<);/!U&7* 4*!4&=/0$/%1&@%!B%!,/&L!1$4U&=! /&+%&6\""!/&

G!1/;,%"&@%!B%!,/&_!%!,/&e&7* 4*!4&`4,;%&+%&E1!H%!,/U

1999

to Q l N-$*)64 +*7 )%'6(;*5,7 +, 748* +* A-&5*$* , 5,=6*&('(+*+,

+47 (=;,76(-,=647 ,- -,':45*-,=64

L\:!4&7>4*"4&+%&712%!+/U&61aH!"&@%,,/&b% R%1&e 7* 4*!4&L1\H!4&K!/"&cH!1/

2000

to ? l J=9'(7, , <,76P4 +, 7(76,-*7 +, (=4;*VP4 ,- 45<*=(H*V\,7 $k&'()*7 +, b}G =4 *<54=,<e)(4G/,!/&Qd#!/&Ke70!#%&3/%R

to @ l b4'W6()* =*)(4=*' +, h}O , 4 $54<5*-* +, &(46,)=4'4<(*

+4 ZhO

=4*/1+4&G4 /&</,+%*:%,;

to _ l b4$%'*V\,7 (=+W<,=*7 , 5,7<*6, +, 65*+(V\,7 *<5W)4'*7

`4"9&3%,%!,/&+/&<!1H/

2001

to ` l M,',VP4 +, 95,*7 *+*$6*6(;*7 *4 +,7,=;4';(-,=64 *<5W)4'*# %7*=+4a7, *'<45(6-47 <,=D6()47

Jaime Hidehiko Tsuruta, Takashi Hoshi e& 4̂"$!$!(4&<);/!

to S l U $*$,' +* 748* )4- 5,>,5F=)(* K 4>,56* +, *'(-,=64

, +,-*=+* <'4&*' C!+%(!&ER%(!U& 4̂"$!$!(4&<);/!&e&7* 4*!4&=/0$/%1&@%!B%!,/&L!1$4

.

to / l J<5()%'6%5* >*-('(*5I $5(45(+*+, +* A-&5*$*

'1!"%)&71H%"

to .1 l h'*77([)*VP4 , $*+54=(H*VP4 +, $54+%647# )4- F=>*7, =* *<54$,)%95(*I %-* *=9'(7, :(76e5()4a)4=),(6%*' PH/*&<%,;!4&L,%!,%&+%&<4)"/

2002

to .. l J A-&5*$* , * *Cx()%'6%5*I +,-*=+*7 , $5(45(+*+,7

+, $,7C%(7*

`d1!4&L%,,/R&+%&f)%!,4RU&`4"9&D%" 4,&+%&3/)1/&Q4),%*N4 e&3/)14&6$4F!&.! /2),/&g'+"Th

to .0 l J+(VP4 +, +,5(;*+47 +* -*=+(4)* K >*5(=:* +, 65(<4I *'<%-*7 5,L,E\,76/,14"&'" %HO4&Q%! %&6/,+4"4&e&7);)" 4&C/):%,&-/2%!,4

to .Q l J;*'(*VP4 +, (-$*)64 74)(*' +, $,7C%(7* *<54$,)%95(*I * &%7)* +, %-* -,64+4'4<(* &*7,*+* ,- (=+()*+45,7Q%H4*& %̂;/*!/* R&e&G/*4%1&G4/#!,&64" /&G/#J+4

to .? l z%*'(+*+, , ),56([)*VP4 +, $54+%647 *<54$,)%95(47G/,!/&64*#%!NO4&3%,%"& 4̂)*;&3%""4/U&7+%,/1+4&+%&<4)R/&<!1H/&e6!1/"&3/#$%#4&6/2/,;4

to .@ l h4=7(+,5*V\,7 ,76*6W76()*7 74&5, * ',( +47 8%'<*-,=647 )*6,<e-

5()47-%,/1+4&+/&<!1H/&e&<4)R/

to ._ l h4-D5)(4 (=6,5=*)(4=*'# ^5*7(' , *<54=,<e)(4Q)!R&`9")"&+ecH!1/&G/;/1$O%"

2003

to .` l f%=V\,7 +, $54+%VP4 l %-* *&45+*<,- ,76*6W76()* )4- 4 %74 +, -4+,'47 +, ,=)*$7%'*-,=64 +, +*+47-%,/1+4&+/&<!1H/&e&<4)R/

to .S l ^,=,>W)(47 , ,765*6D<(*7 +, %6('(H*VP4 7%76,=69;,' +* J-*H]=(*7>4*"4&6%1"4&6/*+%!,/&_/14!"

to ./ l b477(&('(+*+,7 +, %74 +, <,=e6($47 -4+([)*+47 , 7,%7 &,=,-

>W)(477>4*"4&6%1"4&6/*+%!,/&_/14!"

2004

to 01 i&N-$*)64 +, ,E$456*VP4 +4 )*>D =* ,)4=4-(* +4 ^5*7(' l *=9'(-7, +* -*65(H +, (=7%-4a$54+%644̂"$!$!(4&<);/!U&7* j*!4&=T&@%!B%!,/&L!1$4&e&'1!"!4&64* !*!

to 0. l ^5,;, :(76e5(* +* ,76*6W76()*`4"9&G/,!/&3420%)&G%2a,!/

to 00 l J '(&,5*'(H*VP4 ,)4=]-()* +* h:(=* , 7%* (-$456j=)(* $*5* *7 ,E$456*V\,7 +4 *<54=,<e)(4 &5*7(',(547* j*!4&Q)!R&G/#$/+4&+%&G4,/%"

2005

to 0Q l b548,647 +, (-$'*=6*VP4 +4 +,7,=;4';(-,=64 7%76,=69;,' =4 b'*=4 b'%5(*=%*' 0111 * 011Q l *=9'(7, +, <,76P4 , $4'W6()* $k&'()*

,- h}OG/,1%*%&+%&7,/dF4

2006

to 0? l A+%)*VP4# 6,)=4'4<(* , +,7,=;4';(-,=64 5%5*' l 5,'*64 +, %- )*74 ,- )4=765%VP4'1!"/&-)%+%"&K)/, %&e&_!#%* %&-T&LT&-)%+%"

2007

to 0@ l z%*'(+*+, +4 ,-$5,<4 , )4=+(V\,7 +, ;(+* +*7 >*-W'(*7 +47 ,-$5,<*+47 =* *<5()%'6%5* &5*7(',(5* =4 $,5W4+4 .//0l011?E \H!4&_/1%* !2&k/1"/+!

to 0_ l M(76,-*7 +, <,76P4 +* C%*'(+*+, =4 )*-$4_! 4,&C);4& +%&E1!H%!,/U& `/*!#%&=!:%!,4&Q!2/U&=%*/ /&@!%(4&D/"")U&G/,!/&+4&<4#4,,4&=4#$/&k/" 4"U&7*+,9!/&C/*"%*&E" %,&e&Q)R!/&G/,!/&+%&<4)R/&E1!H%!,/

2008

to 0` l AE65*6(;(7-4# &(4+(;,57(+*+, , &(4$(5*6*5(* =* J-*H]=(*71>,%+4&.!*;4&E?/2/&C422/

to 0S l J )4=765%VP4 +*7 *',<*V\,7 +, 7*k+, $*5* *'(-,=647 >%=)(4-

=*(77*+,9&Q)!R k!/*#4

to 0/ l J'<%-*7 5,L,E\,7 74&5, * $4'F-()* *<54=,<e)(4 ;,57%7 *<5()%'6%5* >*-('(*57*/&Qd#!/&'T&LT&_/1%* %

to Q1 l J<5()%'6%5* >*-('(*5 ;,57%7 *<54=,<e)(4I * +(=j-()* 74)(4$4-

'W6()* +4 )*-$4 &5*7(',(54<9,;!4&</)%,

to Q. l U )4=6,k+4 74)(*' +* 6,)=4'4<(*G!#$%1/*;%14&-!4 4&</* 4,4&@,!;)%!,4

to Q0 l G(-,=7\,7# 5(7)47 , +,7*[47 +* *6%*' ,E$*=7P4 )*=*;(,(5*@/2\"&<R2,%#"\*?!U&3%+,4&=/24"U&Q)!R&E# \H!4&=/24"&L!1$4e&71#%)&+%&7,,)+/&_%!;/&L!1$4

to QQ l b54),+(-,=647 +, 7%76,=6*&('(+*+, =4 7(76,-*

+, $54+%VP4 +, <5P476/,14"&G/;,!&L%,,%!,/

t� Q? l J *<54&(4+(;,57(+*+, )4- ,=>4C%, *<54,)4'e<()4I (-$'()*-

V\,7 )4=),(6%*(7 , 8%5W+()*7 Altair Toledo Machado#&`)1!/*/&</* !11!&e&=4;9,!4&G/;/1$O%"

2009

t� Q@ l J7 (=+()*V\,7 <,4<59[)*7 )4-4 ,765*6D<(* -,5)*+4'e<()* $*5* ;(=:47=4;9,!4&L/:,5#!4&-1/"" e 7* j*!4&G/,!/&-42%"&+%&6/" ,4

t� Q_ l A-&5*$* ^5*7('I *=9'(7, &(&'(4-D65()* +47 *56(<47 =* B,& 4> M)(,=), !./``l011_"=4:%, 4&+%&6/2/,;4&3%* %/+4&L!1$4 e 7* 4*!4&L1/H!4&K!/"&7H!1/

t� Q` l A76%+4 +*7 )(6*V\,7 +47 *56(<47 +* A-&5*$* =* B,& 4> M)(,=), +, ./`` * 011_=4:%, 4&+%&6/2/,;4&3%* %/+4&L!1$4 e 7* 4*!4&L1/H!4&K!/"&7H!1/

Instruções aos autores

Processo editorial: submissão de originais e informações gerais

Processo editorial

U7 45(<(=*(7 7%&-,6(+47 K 7D5(, Texto para Discussão $*77*-# * $5(=)W$(4# $45 %-* *;*'(*VP4 ;,76(&%'*5 =* ,+(645(*2 f45-%'*a7,# =,77* ,6*$*# %- 8%WH4 +, *+-(77(&('(+*+, +,$4(7 +, )4=>,5(+4 7, 4 *56(<4 *6,=+, *47 5,C%(7(647 >45-*(7 $*5* 7%* *+-(77P4 =4 $54),774 ,+(645(*'2 b476,5(45-,=6,# -,+(*=6, )455,7$4=+F=)(* * A+(645(* )4-%=()* 4 5,7%'6*+4 *4!7" *%645!,7"2

t4 )*74 +, *+-(77P4 =,77* ,6*$* ;,76(&%'*5# 47 45(<(=*(7 7P4 7%&-,6(+47 K *;*'(*VP4 +, ,+(645,7 *774)(*+47 !$*5,),5(76*7"# C%,# *$e7 *=*'(7*5,- 6*=64 * >45-* C%*=64 4 )4=6,k+4 +4 *56(<4# ,=;(*- K ,+(645(* 4 5,7%'6*+4 +* *;*'(*VP42

G, $477, +* *;*'(*VP4 +47 $*5,),5(76*7# * ,+(645(* ,'*&45* %- )4-%=()*+4 7W=6,7, ,=+,5,V*+4 *4 *%645# 4% *4 $5(-,(54 *%645# )(,=6([)*=+4a':, * +,)(7P4# C%, )4=7(76(59 ,- %-* +*7 65F7 $477(&('(+*+,7 * 7,<%(5I aprovação plenas aprovação parcial# )4- 5,)4-,=+*VP4 +, *8%76,7 ,�4% +, )455,V\,7s 4% rejeição2

t4 )*74 +, *$54;*VP4 $*5)(*'# +,$4(7 +, >,(647 *7 )455,V\,7 , 47 *8%76,7 74'()(6*+47 $,'* ,+(645(*# 4 *%645# 4% $5(-,(54 *%645# +,;4';,a':, 4 65*&*':4 $*5* ;,5([)*VP4 +* $,56(=F=)(* +*7 -4+([)*V\,7 $54),77*+*72 M, *$54;*+*# * =4;* ;,57P4 +4 *56(<4 D 5,$*77*+* $*5* * 5,;(7P4 +, 6,E647 , 5,>,5F=)(*72

U *56(<4 5,;(7*+4 5,645=* ,=6P4 $*5* * ,+(645(*# C%, +,[=, 7, ,'* $5e$5(* ;*'(+* * 5,;(7P4# 4% 7, D 4 )*74 +, ,=;(9a'* *4 *%645# 4% *4 $5(-,(54 *%645# $*5* C%, ,',!7" ;*'(+,!-" *7 *'6,5*V\,7# *7 7%<,76\,7 , *7 5,)4-,=+*V\,7 >,(6*7 $,'47 5,;(745,72 h*74 * ;*'(+*VP4 7,8* ,=)*-(=:*+* *4!7" *%645!,7"# ,76,!7" +,;,!-" 5,645=*5 * ;,57P4 ;*'(+*+* $*5* * ,+(645(*# )4- *7 5,7$,)6(;*7 $47(V\,72

h*&, K ,+(645(* >*H,5 %-* =4;* ;,5([)*VP4 +* ;,57P4 5,;(7*+* ;*'(+*+*s -*=(>,76*5a7, * 5,7$,(64 +,'*# 7, =,),7795(4s ,# $476,5(45-,=6,# 5,$*77*5 64+4 4 -*6,5(*' $*5* [=*'(H*VP4 , (-$5,77P4 <59[)*2

Orientações relativas à preparação e à apresentação dos originais

z%*=64 K forma l N=+,$,=+,=6,-,=6, +4 =k-,54 +, *%645,7# +* )4-$',E(+*+, 4% +* ,E6,=7P4 +4 6,-* ,- ,=>4C%,# $*5* 7,5 ,+(6*+4 =* 7D5(, 4 *56(<4 45(<(=*' +,;, 7,5 k=()4 , (=D+(642

U 6,E64 +,;, 7,5 +(<(6*+4 ,- B45+# ,- $*$,' =4 >45-*64 J?# )4- -*5<,=7 7%$,5(45 , '*6,5*' +(5,(6* +, Q )-# , (=>,5(45 , '*6,5*' ,7C%,5+* +, 0#@ )-2 U ,7$*V*-,=64 ,=65, '(=:*7 , 4 +, 5,)%4 +, $*59<5*>4 +,;,- 7,5 *-&47 +, .#@ )-2 J'D- +(774# 4 *56(<4 +,;, 7,5 5,+(<(+4 ,- >4=6, O(-,7 t,n T4-*=# , ,- )45$4 .0s )4- =k-,54 +, $9<(=*7 !=%-,5*+*7 7,C%,=)(*'-,=6, ,- *'<*5(7-47 *59&()47" '(-(6*+4 ,=65, Q1 , 011 !89 )4- * (=)'%7P4 +, 6*&,'*7# [<%5*7 , 5,>,5F=)(*7"2

J%645,7 C%, 4$,5*- $54<5*-*7 +, ,+(VP4 +, 6,E64 +(>,5,=6,7 +4 $*+5P4 Z()5474>6 !)4-4 4 ^5U>[),245<" +,;,- 6,5 4 )%(+*+4 +, <5*;*5 4 -*6,5(*' * 7,5 ,=;(*+4 $*5* 7%&-(77P4 =4 >45-*64 +4)%-,=64 !�2+4)"2

z%*=64 *4 estilo l U 6,E64 +,;, 7,5 ,7)5(64 ,- '(=<%*<,- 6D)=()4a)(,=6W[)*2 tP4 +,;, 6,5 * >45-* +, %- 5,'*6e5(4 , 6*-$4%)4 +, %- *56(<4 +, 4$(=(P4 +,76(=*+4 K -W+(*# $45 ,E,-$'42

G,;,- 7,5 ,=;(*+*7# K ,+(645(*# C%*654 )e$(*7 (-$5,77*7 +4 *5C%(;4 45(<(=*'# *77(- )4-4 4 7,% *5C%(;4 ,',65]=()4 <5*;*+4 ,- hG !$5,>,5,=)(*'-,=6,"2

t4 *5C%(;4 ,',65]=()4# , ,- %-* +*7 )e$(*7 (-$5,77*7# +,;, )4=76*5 4 =4-, )4-$',64 , +,-*(7 +*+47 C%, $477(&('(6,- * (+,=6([)*VP4 +4!7" *%645!,7"2 t*7 4%65*7 65F7 )e$(*7 (-$5,77*7# =4 ,=6*=64# ,77,7 ,',-,=647 +,;,- 7,5 ,E)'%W+472

z%*=64 K 23;2(!'()D.$%+2%):=$#!)%l t4 54' +, *%645,7# 4 =4-, )4-$',64 +, )*+* %- +,',7 +,;, 7,5 7,$*5*+4 $45 ;W5<%'*7# , '(-(6*5a7, * %- -9E(-4 +, ._1 !),=64 , 7,77,=6*" )*5*)6,5,7# (=)'%W+47 47 ,7$*V47 ,=65, $*'*;5*72 b456*=64# 7, =,),7795(4# 47 $5e$5(47 *%645,7 +,;,- *&5,;(*5 7,% =4-, , 74&5,=4-, +, -4+4 * 5,7$,(6*5 ,77, '(-(6,2

J7 =46*!7" +, 54+*$D !%-* $*5* )*+* *%645"# C%, +,;,!-" )4=76*5 +* $5(-,(5* $9<(=* +4 *56(<4# +,;,!-" *$5,7,=6*5 * G:)*!'()D.$%+$3%):=$#232 O*'!(7" =46*!7" +,;,!-" 7,5 ;(=)%'*+*!7" *4 =4-, +4!7" *%645!,7" , )4=6,5I >45-*VP4 , <5*% *)*+F-()4# 6($4 +, ;W=)%'4 (=76(6%)(4=*' !7, >45 4 )*74"# ,=+,5,V4 $476*' )4-$',64 , ,=+,5,V4 ,',65]=()42

t* $5(-,(5* =46* +, 54+*$D# ;(=)%'*+* *4 6(6%'4 <,5*'# * ,+(645(* 5,)4-,=+* 5,<(765*5 (=>45-*VP4 74&5, * $54),+F=)(* +4 *56(<4# )*74 ,', 6,=:* 7, 45(<(=*+4 +, %- 65*&*':4 *=6,5(45I -4=4<5*[*# +(77,56*VP4# 6,7,# '(;5, +4)F=)(*# $e7a+4%645*-,=64# $548,64 +, $,7C%(7* ,=),55*+4 4% ,- *=+*-,=64# ,=65, 4%65472

z%*=64 K estrutura l U *56(<4 +,;, )4=6,5# 45+,=*+47# 47 7,<%(=6,7 ,',-,=647I 6W6%'4 <,5*'# *%645(*# 5,7%-4 , 6,5-47 $*5* (=+,E*VP4# 6W6%'4 ,- (=<'F7# abstract e !*+%B& %,2"# (=654+%VP4# +,7,=;4';(-,=64 !,- C%, 4 )4=6,k+4 +,;, 7,5 :(,5*5C%(H*+4 ,- 7%&6W6%'47"# )4=)'%7\,7 , 5,>,5F=)(*7 !&(&'(4<59>()*7# ,',65]=()*7# $()64<59>()*7# ,=65, 4%65*7# C%, )4=6,=:*-# ,E)'%7(;*-,=6,# *7 >4=6,7 )(6*+*7"2

J7 $*56,7 c+,7,=;4';(-,=64d , c)4=)'%7\,7d +,;,- ,76*5 )'*5*-,=6, +,[=(+*7s ,=65,6*=64# =P4 $5,)(7*-# =,),77*5(*-,=6,# 7,5 *77(- (=6(6%'*+*72

63;2(!'()DF23%!B;$#=)-=23%

TítuloI G,;, 7,5 )'*54 , 4&8,6(;4# 7(=6,6(H*5 4 )4=6,k+4 , 7,5 <5*>*+4 )4-# =4 -9E(-4# SQ !4(6,=6* , 65F7" )*5*)6,5,7# (=)'%W+47 47 ,7$*V47 ,=65, $*'*;5*72

ResumoI G,;, ;(5 =* $5(-,(5* $9<(=*# '4<4 *&*(E4 +4 6W6%'4 , +* (=+()*VP4 +, *%645(*# , 7,5 <5*>*+4 )4-# =4 -9E(-4# Q11 !65,H,=6*7" $*'*;5*7# (=)'%(=+4a7, *56(<47# $5,$47(V\,7 , )4=8%=V\,72

G,;, 7,5 5,+(<(+4 )4- >5*7,7 )%56*7# )'*5*7 , 4&8,6(;*7# C%, ,=>4C%,- 4 4&8,6(;4 ),=65*' +4 65*&*':4# 47 -D64+47 ,-$5,<*+47 =* $,7C%(7* !7, >45 4 )*74"# *'D- +, 7,%7 5,7%'6*+47 , )4=)'%7\,72 w *'6*-,=6, 5,)4-,=+9;,' ,;(6*5# =4 5,7%-4# )(6*V\,7 &(&'(4<59[)*7# *<5*+,)(-,=647 , 7(<'*72

Termos para indexaçãoI g4<4 *$e7 4 5,7%-4 +,;,- ;(5 )(6*+47 +, Q !65F7" * @ !)(=)4" 6,5-47 $*5* (=+,E*VP4# C%, $477*- 7,5 ,-$5,<*+47# 7, =,),7795(4# =* )4-$47(VP4 +* [):* +, )*6*'4<*VP42 G,;,a7, ,;(6*5 * 7,',VP4 +, $*'*;5*7 C%, 89 )4=76,- +4 6W6%'4 +4 *56(<4 , +* 7D5(,# &,- )4-4 +4 =4-, +47 *%645,72

Title, abstract e index terms !"#$#!%&'(!%!%&)*(*+,%-.#/!*0!&#),1$12(/!3#!,4,15#/!3#!)*(10#!*!

3#(!,*)0#(!&%)%!6+3*7%-.#/!3*8*!86)!%!,)%31-.#!3*!,#3#(!*((*(!*5*0*+,#(!&%)%!#!636#0%!6+$52(9

Notas de rodapé !:*8*0!(*)!*0!+;0*)#!)*31<63#!*!=#+(,%)!3%!0*(0%!&>$6+%!3*!(1%!=?%0%3%/!

=1@%!6+36=%-.#!3*8*!(*)!A*6,%!&#)!+;0*)#!*0!%5$%)6(0#!%)>B6=#!*!(#B)*(=)6,#9!C*=#0*+3%D(*!

E1*!(*1!,*7,#!F!E1*!3*8*!86)!$)%A%3#!+#!&G!3%!&>$6+%/!(#B!10!H#!F!(*@%!3*!+%,1)*<%!(1B(,%+,68%!

I*!+.#!B6B56#$)>H=%J9

Citações !K%+,#!%(!36)*,%(!E1%+,#!%(!6+36)*,%(!3*8*0!(*)!A*6,%(!*0!=#+A#)063%3*!=#0!+#)0%(!

3%!LMNK9

Referências !O.#!6+36=%-P*(!3*!3%3#(!=#0&5*,#(!3*!#B)%(!=6,%3%(!%#!5#+$#!3#!%),6$#/!%(!E1%6(!

3*8*0!(*)!*5%B#)%3%(!*0!=#+A#)063%3*!=#0!+#)0%(!3%!LMNK9!

Figuras !O.#!$)>H=#(/!3*(*+?#(/!0%&%(/!A#,#$)%H%(/!5Q06+%(!#1!#1,)%(!A#)0%(!&6=,#$)>H=%(!

1(%3%(!+#!,)%B%5?#/!%(!E1%6(!3*8*0!(*)!&)#31<63%(!*0!*(=%5%!3*!=6+<%9!:*8*0!(*)!+10*)%3%(!

*0!%5$%)6(0#(!%)>B6=#(!*!*0!#)3*0!(*E1*+=6%5/!,)%<*)!5*$*+3%!*51=63%,68%!*0!E1*/!%5G0!3%(!

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Orientações para o envio dos artigos

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Impressão e acabamento

Embrapa Informação Tecnológica

O papel utilizado nesta publicação foi produzido conforme a certificação

da Bureau Veritas Quality International (BVQI) de Manejo Florestal.