Ringkasan Materi

Soal-soal dan Pembahasan

B.INGGRIS

SMA/MA

DAFTAR ISI

A. BAHASA INGGRIS

B. TEXT

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....................................... 4

C. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS

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.... 22

D. GRAMMAR

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......................... 39

E. SHORT FUNCTIONAL

TEXTS ...............................................

....... 40

TEXTA. Procedure

Teks procedure adalah teks yang bertujuan menerangkanbagaimana membuat atau melakukan sesuatu berdasarkanserangkaian kegiatan atau langkah (steps).Struktur teks procedure:1. Aim/goal (tujuan): dapat berupa judul.2. Materials: bahan dan alat yang diperlukan. Bagian ini

dapat ditandai dengan “You’ll need”, “ingredients”, atau suppliesneeded.

3. Steps: langkah-langkah untuk melakukan kegiatan. Bagianini dapat diberi label “what to do”

Ciri-ciri teks procedure:• Menggunakan simple present tense, biasanya berbentuk kalimat

imperatif.• Menggunakan kata hubung temporal, seperti first, second, then,

next, finally.• Menggunakan action verbs, seperti turn on, stir, cook.

Contoh Soal:Read the following text and answer the questions.

Let’s make a colourful jigsaw card to send to your friend.You will need a colourful picture from a magazine or one thatyou have painted, a piece of a card, a pen or pencil, glue,and scissors.

First, paste your picture on to the card with some glue.Then, write your message on the back of the card. Draw yourwiggly jigsaw lines on the picture with your pen or pencil.After that, cut out along the wiggly lines so that yourpicture is in jigsaw pieces. Finally, jumble them up, put themin an envelope and send it to your friend.1. What is the purpose of the text?

a. To tell how to make a colourful jigsaw cardb. To prepare everything to make a colourful jigsaw cardc. To show a colourful jigsaw cardd. To sell a colourful jigsaw carde. To see a colourful jigsaw card

Pembahasan:Teks tersebut merupakan teks procedure yang menjelaskan

bagaimana membuat sebuah jigsaw card. Tujuan teks ini disebutkan di

bagian awal. Jadi, tujuan teks tersebut yaitu to tell how to make a

jigsaw card. (Jawaban: a)2. What do you use to paste your picture on the card?a. a

pencil b. A pen c. Some paper d. Some glue e. Scissors

PembahasanJawaban dapat ditemukan pada paragraf ketiga: First, paste

your picture on to the card with some glue. (Jawaban: d)

B. RecountTeks recount bercerita tentang kejadian atau peristiwa

yang telah berlalu/lampau, biasanya tentang pengalaman pribadi

penulis.Struktur teks recount:1. Orientation (orientasi) : berisi

pendahuluan tentang tokoh dalam cerita tersebut, peristiwa yang

terjadi, tempat dan waktu terjadinya peristiwa tersebut.2.

Events: berisi jalinan peristiwa/kejadian yang ada dalam cerita

pengalaman tersebut.3. Re-orientation: berisi rangkuman atau

penutup cerita.Ciri-ciri teks recount:• Menggunakan past tense•

Menggunakan kata hubung (conjunctions), seperti then, before, after

Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.Dear Rossa,

I am a guy, twenty-eight years old. I have a problem with a girl friend. She is twenty fiveyears old. We have been dating each other for years, since we were high school students. Nowwe have jobs. I feel very sure that we love each other. Now it is time for me to get married.Unfortunately, her parents never approve of our relationship ever since the very first time. Myfamily, anyhow, does not really mind. At first I thought my girl friend had the power to defendour love. But then she surrendered. She loves me and she loves her family, too. On the one handshe said, “I’ll be happy if my family is happy.” It means she had to get approval from herparents.

For this, I was shocked. My heart was broken. She ended our relationship just at the timewhen I was ready to marry her. When I was with her, we were very happy. We had a lot incommon and there were no conflicts. The truth was, we separated only because of her parents.They want her to marry her cousin, her aunt’s son (this is one of the traditions in the Karonese).

For the time being I am very upset. When I miss her I call her. Then we can eat together, talktogether for hours. We act like elating because she loves me, too. The real problem is, shecannot refuse what her parents want.

So, should I forget my girl friend, the only one that I truly love? Or else, should I just wait,and dream that one day she will be back to me?

Rio N., PadangDear Rio,

You call her your girl friend, but she has chosen her own way. For this reason I’d, say thatthere is nothing you can do except forget her and go on with your normal life. Hopefully youcan find another and live happily forever. Rossa

1. The main idea of the first paragraph is thata. the writer wants to get marriedb. the writer has been dating for yearsc. the writer has a problem with his girl friendd. the writer feels sure that they love each othere. the writer’s parents disapprove of his relationshipPembahasanMain idea dapat ditemukan di awal paragraf. Di awal paragraf penulismemperkenalkan diri dan menyebutkan masalahnya: I am a guy, twenty-eightyears old. I have a problem with a girl friend.(Jawaban: c)

2. Why do the girl’s parents disapprove of their marriage? Because ...a. they don’t like Rio. d. they keep the Karonese tradition.b. the girl is still studying. e. the girl has chosen another guy.c. Rio is from a different ethnic group.PembahasanDi paragraf ke-3 disebutkan mengapa orangtua perempuan tidakmerestui mereka untuk menikah: They want her to marry her cousin, her aunt’s son(this is one of the traditions in the Karonese). Alasannya karena merekamempertahankan tradisi orang Karo (keep the karonese tradition).(Jawaban: d)

C. NarrativeTeks narrative adalah teks yang menceritakan sesuatu yang imajinatif

atau khayalan belaka. Tujuannya untuk menghibur (entertaining/amusing)pembaca.Struktur teks narrative:

1. Orientation (pendahuluan cerita): memperkenalkan tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita, latar dan waktu.

2. Complication: munculnya permasalahan di antara tokoh-tokoh tersebut.

3. Resolution: masalah dapat diatasi4. Re-orientation (optional)

Ciri-ciri teks narrative:

• Menggunakan past tense.• Biasanya dimulai dengan adverbs of time (kata keterangan waktu),

seperti long time ago, once upon a time, in a faraway land.• Menggunakan kata hubung (conjunctions), seperti then, after that,

before.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could notswim. He had an idea. He saw a boss of crocodile swimming in theriver. The rabbit asked the boss of crocodile, “How many crocodilesare there in the river?” The boss of crocodile answered, “We aretwenty here.” “Where are they?” the rabbit asked for the second time.“What is it for?” the boss of crocodile asked.

“All of you are good, nice, gentle and kind, so I want to make aline in order. Later I will know how kind you are,” said the rabbit.Then, the boss of the crocodile called all his friends and asked themto make a line in order from one side to the other side of the river.Just then, the rabbit started to count while jumping from onecrocodile to another: one ... two ... three ... four ... until twenty,and finally, he thanked all crocodiles because he had crossed theriver.1. The story mainly tells us about ...

a. twenty crocodiles d. a rabbit and the boss of crocodileb. the boss of the crocodile e. the boss of the crocodile and all

his friendsc. a rabbit and twenty crocodilesPembahasanSecara keseluruhan cerita tersebut menceritakan seekor kelinci dandua puluh ekor buaya.(Jawaban: c)

2. We know from the first paragraph that the rabbit actually wanted ... a. to cross the river. d. to know where the crocodiles are. b. to swim across the river. e. to know the number of crocodiles

there.c. to meet the boss of crocodil

PembahasanDi awal paragraf pertama ada kalimat Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted tocross a river but he could not swim. (Jawaban: a)

3. All of you are good, nice, gentle, and kind ...” (Paragraph 2) The underlined word is synonymous with ...a. wild b. diligent c. cheerful d. easygoing e. honourable Pembahasan

Gentle: lembut, tenang Wild: buas Diligent: rajin Cheerful: ceriaEasygoing: tenang Honourable: terhormat Jadi, sinonim kata gentle adalah easygoing. (Jawaban: d)

D. DescriptiveTeks descriptive adalah teks yang bertujuan mendekripsikan suatu

benda, tempat, atau orang tertentu.Struktur teks descriptive:

1. Identification (identifikasi): pendahuluan tentang apa atausiapa yang akan dideskripsikan.

2. Description (deskripsi): berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimilikibenda, tempat atau orang yang deskripsikan.

Ciri-ciri teks descriptive:• Menggunakan simple present tense• Menggunakan attribute verb, seperti be (am, is, are)

Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

Gunung Tujuh Lake is one of the many lakes in Kabupaten Kerinci inJambi province. It is an amazing tourist place to visit. The locationof Gunung Tujuh Lake is in Kecamatan Kayu Aro. It is about 50 km fromSungai Penuh to Pelompek village by public transport. Then peopleclimb and walk for another 4 km or for 2.5 hours.

The lake is surrounded by steep forest slopes and seven mountains.The highest peak of Gunung Tujuh Lake is 1,950 m above sea level. Thelength of the lake is 4,5 km and the width is 3 km. It is a volcaniclake and the highest in Southeast Asia.

The temperature around the lake is very cold. Besides waterfalls youcan also find animals such as siamangs, elephants and birds. GunungTujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery.1. What does the text mainly talk about?

a. Amazing tourist resorts in Jambi. d. Steep forest slopes inJambi.b. Gunung Tujuh Lake in Jambi. e. Waterfalls in Jambi.c. Volcanic lakes in Jambi. PembahasanTopik sebuah teks dapat ditemukan di awal teks: Gunung Tujuh Lake is oneof the many lakes in Kabupaten Kerinci in Jambi province.(Jawaban: b)

2. The main idea of the text is that ... a. Gunung Tujuh Lake is a beautiful tourist resortb. the location of Gunung Tujuh Lake is difficult to reachc. Gunung Tujuh Lake is the only lake in Sumaterad. tourists from Southeast Asia visit this beautiful lakee. the animals are more attractive than the lake itself

PembahasanIde pokok teks di atas terdapat di akhir paragraf: Gunung Tujuh Lake isreally beautiful with a spectacular scenery. (Jawaban: a)

3. Which statement is TRUE according to the text?a. The lake is 3 km long.b. Gunung Tujuh Lake is not a volcanic lake.

c. Gunung Tujuh Lake is 4.5 km away from Sungai Penuh.d. There are steep forest slopes and seven mountains around the lake.e. Siamangs are the only animals that can be found in Gunung Tujuh Lake.

PembahasanDi dalam teks terdapat kalimat: The lake is surrounded by steep forest slopes and seven mountains.(Jawaban: d)4. “Gunung Tujuh Lake is really beautiful with a spectacular scenery.”The underlined word means ... a. amusing b. remarkable c. lovely d. pretty e. touchingPembahasanSpectacular: menakjubkan Amusing: menghibur Remarkable: menakjubkanLovely: indah Pretty: cantik Touching: menyentuh (Jawaban: b)E. News ItemTeks news item adalah teks yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca, pendengar, atau penonton mengenai peristiwa yang terjadi pada hari tersebut yang dianggap penting untuk diberitakan.Struktur teks news item:1. Newsworthy event (peristiwa yang diberitakan): menceritakan peristiwa secara ringkas2. Background events (latar belakang peristiwa): menceritakan apa yang terjadi, kepada siapa, dalam kondisi seperti apa.3. Sources (sumber): komentar dari pihak yang terlibat, saksi mata, dan pihak yang berwenang.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.The police thought that two burglars started the robbery at 151 Pattimura street on Sunday afternoon. The burglars broke into the students’ room while they were going to a football game. They never thought that while theywere away, burglars would break into their boarding house.

1. What happened to the students’ room on Sunday afternoon?a. The police broke it. c. Burglars broke it. e. The students

started to ruin it.b. The police ruined it. d. Two burglars broke into it.PembahasanTeks di atas memberi informasi tentang dua orang pencuri (twoburglars) masuk ke kamar kos ketika penghuninya sedang pergi.(Jawaban: d)

2. The burglars broke into the room when the students ...a. were at a party c. were playing football e. were watching

football on TV

b. were taking a rest d. were at a football game Pembahasan Perhatikan kalimat kedua: The burglars broke into the students’ room while theywere going to a football game. (Jawaban: d)

3. “The burglars broke into the students room ...” The underlinedphrase means ... a. broke forcefully c. put into pieces e. came intob. entered by force d. easily enteredPembahasanBroke into artinya masuk secara paksa. (Jawaban: b)

F. ReportTeks report adalah teks yang mendeskripsikan sesuatu/benda-benda

secara umum, misalnya berbagai benda/fenomena alam, buatan, dan sosialyang ada atau terjadi di lingkungan kita.Struktur teks report:

1. General classification(klasifikasi umum): pengantar tentang sesuatu/fenomena yang akan dibahas.

2. Description (deskripsi): meneraangkan sesuatu/fenomena yang dibahas, meliputi bagian-bagian, kualitas, dan perilaku

Ciri-ciri teks report:• Menggunakan simple present tense• Menggunakan action verbs, seperti surround, make, begin, dan lain-

lain.

13 Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is astrange looking animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs,large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long white tusks andabove all it has a long nose, the trunk. The trunk is the elephant’speculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up waterby its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath.It can also lift leaves and puts them into its mouth. In fact thetrunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looksvery-clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly. The elephantis a very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its greatstrength makes it a very useful servant to man and it can be trainedto serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigersand even fight.1. The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that ...

a. elephants are strong c. elephants are servants e. elephants mustbe trained

b. elephants can lift logs d. elephants are very useful PembahasanParagraf ketiga menjelaskan bahwa jika dilatih, gajah sangat berguna(useful) karena dapat membantu pekerjaan manusia. (Jawaban: d)

2. Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first paragraph? a. It looks strange. b. It is heavy. c. It is wild. d. It has a

trunk. e. It has a small tail.Pembahasan Satu hal yang tidak dijelaskan di dalam teks adalah bahwa gajahadalah binatang buas (wild).(Jawaban: c)

3. It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following, EXCEPT ... a. to eat b. to push c. to drink d. to carry things e. to squirt

water over the bodyPembahasanKegunaan belalai dijelaskan di paragraf kedua. Belalai gajah tidakdigunakan untuk mendorong (push). (Jawaban: b)

14 G. Analytical exposition

Teks analytical exposition bertujuan membujuk pembaca agarmenyetujui argumentasi penulis dengan memberikan argumentasi dananalisis.Struktur teks analytical exposition:

1. Thesis statement: pendapat awal penulis2. Arguments: argumentasi dan alasan3. Reiteration: penguatan argumentasi

Teks berupa analytical exposition dapat ditemukan dalam kolom opinimedia massa.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.University of Cambridge

Do you plan to study abroad? Don’t hesitate. Welcome to CambridgeUniversity. Cambridge University, an institution of higher education,is the second oldest university in Great Britain after the Universityof Oxford. It is located in the city of Cambridge. The University ofCambridge is a system of faculties, departments, and 31 independentcolleges. You know, although the colleges and the university per seare separate corporations, all are parts of an integrated educationalentity. The university examines candidates for degrees during theirresidencies and at the conclusion of their studies. The collegesprovide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors, andoffer social, cultural, and athletic activities. Every student at theUniversity of Cambridge is a member of a college. Let’s see its

academic year. The academic year is divided into three terms ofapproximately eight weeks each: Michaelmas (autumn), Lent (latewinter), and Easter (spring). Students required to study undersupervisor are usually members of the college’s faculties who maintainclose relationships with small groups of students in their charge andassist them in preparing for university exams. 1. The author’s purpose of writing the text is ...

a. to review a particular education systemb. to commemorate a particular college c. to define a particular academic year d. to explain a particular way to study e. to persuade by presenting arguments about a particular

institution

PembahasanPerhatikan paragraf pertama. Do you plan to study abroad? Don’t hesitate.Welcome to Cambridge University. Dalam teks ini penulis mencoba membujuk(persuade) pembaca agar tertarik dengan University of Cambridge.(Jawaban: e)

2. The second paragraph tells the readers about ... a. an integrated educational entity. d. the examination for

candidates’ degrees. a. social activities in the university. e. the criteria for the

membership of the university. c. the system in Cambridge University. PembahasanDi bagian awal terdapat pernyataan .... all are parts of an integrated educationalentity.(Jawaban: a)

3. “The colleges provide their students with lodgings and meals, assign tutors andoffer ...” (Paragraph 2). The underlined word means ... a. dormitories used for studying in groups d. houses needed for

taking a restb. places offered for doing some business e. rooms rented to stay

inc. spaces needed for discussion PembahasanLodgings berarti asrama atau kamar yang disewa untuk tinggal.(Jawaban: e)

H. Hortatory exposition

Teks hortatory exposition bertujuan untuk membujuk pembaca ataupendengar terhadap sesuatu yang seharusnya disetujui atau tidakdisetujui.Struktur teks hortatory exposition:

1. Thesis statement: menyatakan pendapat2. Arguments: alasan penulis3. Recommendation: saran atau sikap penulis terhadap isu tersebut.

Teks berupa hortatory exposition dapat ditemukan dalam rubrik opini dimedia massa.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

Many people now have a card which enables them to withdraw moneyfrom a cash dispenser. You feed your card into the machine and key inyour PIN (Personnel Identification Number) and the amount of money youwant. If you have enough in your account, the money requested will beissued to you up to a dairy limit. Your account is automaticallydebited for the amount your have drawn. Provided you have a soundcredit, you can get a credit card from a bank and other financialinstitutions. To obtain goods or services, you present your card andsign a special voucher. When it receives the voucher, the credit cardcompany pays the trader (less a commission) and then sends you amonthly statement. Depending on the type of card you have, you willeither-have to pay in full or be able to pay part of what is owed andpay interest on the balance; left outstanding. If you need to makefixed payments at regular intervals, e.g. for insurance premiums, youcan arrange a standing order (sometimes known as a banker’s order) sothat the bank will do this for you.1. The main purpose of the writer is to ...

a. give the reader information about bank serviceb. persuade the readers to have a credit cardc. check the customers’ accountd. explain to the reader how to use PINe. explain to the customers how to pay the employee’s salariesPembahasanSecara keseluruhan penulis mengajak pembaca untuk memiliki kartukredit dengan menyebutkan alasan-alasannya. (Jawaban: b)

2. Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?a. The credit card company pays the traders.b. The credit card company sends you a monthly statement.c. Banks and other financial institutions offer us credit cards to getgoods and services.

d. Other financial institutions help the banks to provide credit cards,e. A voucher is the only way to buy goods.

PembahasanPerhatikan kalimat di awal paragraf ... you can get a credit cardfrom a bank and other financial institutions.To obtain goods or services,.... (Jawaban : c)I. SpoofTeks spoof adalah teks yangbertujuan menceritakan cerita lucu.Struktur teks spoof:1. Orientation: siapasaja tokoh yang terlibat, kapan dan di mana kejadiannya2. Events:kronologis cerita3. Twist: bagian lucu dalam cerita tersebut Teksspoof dapat ditemukan dalam kolom humor/lelucon di media massa.ContohSoal:Read the text and answer the questions.He was a young father, wheeling thepram trough the garden while the baby was screaming its head off.“Take it easy, Jason,” he said calmly, “There’s nothing to worryabout.” A middle-aged woman noticed his soothing manner and marveledat the new breed of young husband.When the baby screamed even loudershe heard him say,” Cool it, Jason, don’t get excited, lad, cool itsoon.”Touched by his gentle manner the woman leaned into the pram andcooed, “There, there, Jason. What’s bothering you?”“Excuse me, lady,”said the father, “That’s Jeremy, I’m Jason.”1. Jason was the name of ….

a. the baby c. the woman e. the middles-aged womanb. the father d. the old womanPembahasanPerhatikan kalimat di akhir cerita tersebut: “Excuse me, lady,” said thefather, “That’s Jeremy, I’m Jason.” Jason adalah nama ayah bayi. (Jawaban: b)

2. The twist of the text above is ….a. when the young father took his baby for a walkb. when the baby cried loudlyc. when the woman looked at himd. when the woman tried to help the mane. when the man explained about their namesPembahasan Twist merupakan bagian yang lucu di dalam cerita, yaitu ketika ayahbayi menjelaskan tentang nama mereka. (Jawaban: e)

J. ExplanationTeks explanation bertujuan menjelaskan proses dalam bidang sains dan

teknik, termasuk bagan dan diagram.Struktur teks explanation:

1. General statement: gambaran secara umum mengenai topik yang akandibicarakan

2. Sequenced explanation: urutan penjelasan mengenai topik yangsedang dibicarakan

3. Closing: penutup, dapat berupa kesimpulanTeks explanation dapat dalam buku pelajaran, buku pengetahuan, danmateri presentasi.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In thisarticle we’ll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you canunderstand exactly what you’re eating. Chocolate starts

with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorialregions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, andIndonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a smallpine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree’s seeds, also known as cocoabeans.

The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and thenshipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roastingthe beans to bring out the flavour. Different beans from differentplaces have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sortedand blanded to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans arewinnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from itsshell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to makeit a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter.All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are notdifferent. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the groundnibs form liquid. It’s pure bitter chocolate.1. The text is about ...

a. the cacao tree c. the raw chocolate e. the flavour of chocolateb. b. the cacao beans d. the making of chocolatePembahasanSecara keseluruhan teks tersebut menjelaskan tentang prosespembuatan cokelat.(Jawaban: d)

2. The third paragraph focuses on ...a. the process of producing chocolate d. the chocolate liquorb. how to produce the cocoa flavour e. the cacao fruitc. where chocolate comes from PembahasanParagraf ketiga menjelaskan tahapan pembuatan cokelat. Tahapan atauproses tersebut dipaparkan dengan menggunakan kata hubung, sepertinext, then. (Jawaban: a)

K. Discussion

Teks discussion adalah teks yang bertujuan memberikan informasi danopini mengenai satu atau lebih pandangan sebuah isu atau masalah (prosand cons).

Struktur teks discussion:1. Opening statement: kalimat pembuka yang menghadirkan isu yang

akan dibahas2. Arguments: argumen atau alasan dari berbagai sudut pandang3. Conclusion: kesimpulan4. Recommendation: saran atau sikap penulis terhadap isu tersebut

Teks discussion dapat berupa artikel dalam surat kabar.Contoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

Two students were discussing the school’s new rule that all thestudents must wear a cap and a tie. One of them showed her annoyance.She said that wearing a cap and a tie was only suitable for a flagrising ceremony. So, she was against the rule. Contrary to the girl’sopinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn’tmind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie will make thestudents look great and like real educated persons. The first studentgave the reasons that they would feel uncomfortable and hot. Moreover,the classrooms were not air conditioned. The second said it wasn’t abig problem. He was sure that the students would wear them proudly.They would surely be used to it any way.1. The two students are discussing ...

a. the facilities in school c. their uniform e. their familyb. their homework d. their friendsPembahasanPerhatikan kalimat di awal paragraf di atas : Two students were discussingthe school’s new rule that all the students must wear a cap and a tie. Topi dan dasimerupakan bagian dari seragam.(Jawaban: c)

2. The boy said that he agreed with the new rule in his school.Which statement shows his agreement? a. He was not annoyed. b. He would not obey the rule. c. He didn’t care of the rule. d. He didn’t like wearing a cap and tie.e. He didn’t mind wearing a cap and tie.

Pembahasan

Anak laki-laki tersebut tidak keberatan untuk memakai topi dandasi : He said that he didn’t mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie ....(Jawaban: e)

L. ReviewTeks review bertujuan mengkritik sebuah karya atau kejadian dan

disampaikan kepada publik.Struktur teks review:

a. Orientation: informasi awal di dalam teksb. Interpretative recount: rangkuman mengenai suatu karya atau

kejadian senic. Evaluation: kesimpulan d. Evaluative summation: pendapat akhir yang berisi pujian atau

kritikan terhadap karya seni yang bersangkutanContoh Soal:Read the text and answer the questions.

In The Last Empereor, director Bernando Bertolucci not only gives us afascinating history lesson but also a compelling human drama. It isthe story of Pu Yi, who came to throne in 1908 at the age of 2. Theperformances are outstanding and the movie is spectacular in everyway. The three hours fly by, and the audience is left feeling theyhave gotten to know a great country and sensitive, unusual human.

Don’t see The Last Emperor if you’re expecting a history lesson.Bertoluci’s epic about the rise and fall Pu Yi is hard to follow andconfusing at times. But he has done a remarkable job of potraying theChinese culture, and he has captured China in stunningly beautifulimages. There are some touching scenes, such as when the young Pu Yi’snurse is taken from him. Unfortunately, tthe movie is too long andtends to drag on times.

Bernando Bertoluci is a talented director. Why he made The Last Emperoris a mystery. True, the scenery and costumes are nice. But the maincharacter is passive and dull. He simply watches his life go by.You’d expect a film which covers 60 years of history to beexciting. But the 3 hours of The Last Emperor drag on forever. Atlast, the film is consistent—consistently boring.

1. Who is Pu Yi?a. a director. b. an ordinary boy. c. a nurse. d. a king. e. a

historian.PembahasanPu Yi adalah seorang raja yang naik tahta ketika usianya baru 2tahun : Pu Yi, who came to throne in 1908 at the age of 2. (Jawaban: d)

2. What is the writer’s opinion about the film?

a. It is interesting. c. It is exciting. e. It is amazing.b. It is boring. d. It is surprising.PembahasanDi akhir teks, penulis mengungapkan: At last, the film is consistent—consistentlyboring.(Jawaban: b)

B. LANGUAGE FUNCTIONSA. Inviting

Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengundang, antaralain:

• Would you like to ...?• Shall we ...?• Won’t you ...?• Do you feel like to ...?• Would you care to ...?

Contoh Soal:Mary : Hello.John : Hi, Mary. This is John; Do you feel like going to a moviethis evening?Marry : That sounds great, John. I haven’t been to a movie for along time.

The underlined utterance expresses ...a. intention. b. invitation. c. suggestion. d. permission. e.

persuasion.PembahasanPada dialog di atas, John mengajak (invite) Mary pergi ke bioskop.(Jawaban: b)

B. Accepting and declining an invitationUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menerima undangan,

antara lain:• Thank you. I’d like to very much.• It would be very nice to...• Yes, I will.• I’d love to.• We’d be delighted toUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menolak undangan,

antara lain:• I’m afraid I can’t.

• Thank you, but ...• I’d love to but ...

Contoh Soal:1. Roby : We will have a party for my sister’s birthday next Sunday.

Would you like to come, Ira? Ira : I’d love to. It must be a wonderful party.

The underlined expression is used to express ... a. accepting an invitation c. invitation e. suggestionb. declining an invitation d. satisfactionPembahasan:Pada dialog di atas, Ira menerima (accepting) undangan atau ajakanRoby. (Jawaban: a)

2. Tony : Hi. Andi, what about going to Agung’s birthday partytonight?Andi : I’m afraid I can’t. I am going somewhere with Dwi.The underlined sentence is used to ... a. decline an invitation c. agree to do something e. ask for an

apologyb. ask for permission d. express a surprisePembahasanPada dialog di atas, Andi menolak (decline) ajakan Tony. (Jawaban: a)

C. Showing sympathyUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan simpati,

antara lain:• I’m (very) sorry to hear that.• That’s a pity.• Oh dear!• I know how it feels.• I’m extremely sorry that.

Contoh Soal:1. X : Have you visited Bob? He got an accident last week.

Y : Oh, poor Bob. I hope he’ll be better soon.The underlined sentences expresses ...a. sadness b. pleasure c. sympathy d. expectation e. satisfactionPembahasanOrang pertama mengatakan bahwa Bob mengalami kecelakaan. Kemudian,orang kedua mengungkapkan rasa simpatinya. (Jawaban: c)

2. X : Jane didn’t pass her exam.Y : Oh, I am sorry to hear that.

From the underlined words we know that the second speaker expressesher ...a. disappointment b. sympathy c. displeasure d. apology e. anger

PembahasanOrang pertama mengatakan bahwa jane tidak lulus ujian, kemudianorang kedua mengungkapkan simpatinya. (Jawaban: b)

D. Showing surpriseUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjukkan perasaan

terkejut, antara lain: • (Well), that’s very surprising!• Really?• Are you serious?• You must be joking!• I find that very surprising

Contoh Soal:Mia : Mother, I’ve got a scholarship from Monash University inAustralia. Mother : Thank God. It’s really unbelievable! The underlined expression shows ... a. anxiety b. surprise c. pleasure d. uncertainty e. satisfaction PembahasanMia mengatakan kepada ibunya bahwa dia memperoleh beasiswa dariMonash University di Australia. Ibunya merasa terkejut dan sangatbersyukur. (Jawaban: b)

E. CongratulatingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengucapkan selamat,

antara lain:• Congratulations!• Well done!• It was great to hear ....• I must congratulate you.• Let me congratulate you.

Contoh Soal:Ita: I won the story telling contest.Cahya:.....The best expression Cahya should say is ....a. I’m sorry to hear that. c. I’m afraid. e. Thank you very much.b. Congratulations! d. Shall we go nnow?PembahasanUngkapan yang tepat untuk teman yang menang lomba adalah ucapanselamat (congratulations). (Jawaban: b)

F. Complementing Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk memuji, antara lain:• What ...(a charming dress)!• That’s a very nice ...(coat)!

• You’re looking good.• I must say ...is very good.• If I may say so, ...is excellent.

Contoh Soal:Andri: What a charming dress!Asri: Thank you very much.The underlined utterence expresses ....a. Thanking b. Congratulating c. Compelling d. Persuading e.

EncouragingPembahasanPada dialog di atas Andri memuji (compelling) gaun yang dikenakanAsri. (Jawaban: c)

G. ThankingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk berterima kasih, antara

lain:• Thank you.• Many thanks for ....

27 • Thanks.• Thanks a lot for ....• I’m very grateful to you.Untuk merespons ucapan terima kasih dapat digunakan ungkapan-

ungkapan, antara lain:• Not at all.• It’s a pleasure.• (Please) don’t mention it.• That’s all right.• Delighted I was able to help.

Contoh soal:Tourist : I’d love for a walk. I am going to the village of PaksaBali. Which way is it?Guide : Go up this road about one kilometer. You’ll get to thevillage of Paksa Bali.Tourist : You’ve helped me a lot ...Guide : You’re welcome. a. Bye-bye c. It’s very kind of you e. I’m very grateful to youb. You’re really smart d. We have a very good time

PembahasanPada dialog di atas, seorang turis bertanya arah kepada pemanduwisata. Karena sudah dibantu, turis pun merasa sangat berterima kasih(grateful) kepada pemandu tersebut. (Jawaban: e)H. Asking and giving opinion

Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menanyakan dan memberipendapat, antara lain:Asking for opinion

• What do you think about...?• What’s your opinion of ...?• What do you feel?

Giving your opinion• I think ....• In my opinion, ...• Don’t you think ...?• I’d say ....• I’m convinced that....

28 • What about ...?• Have you got any comments on ...?

Contoh Soal:1. X : What do you think of the government liquidating several banks

recently?Y : I’m a customer of the liquidated banks, so I’m unhappy with it.The underlined utterence expresses ...a. Asking for opinion b. Giving opinion c. Inviting d. Suggesting

e. Advising PembahasanWhat do you think of... biasa digunakan untuk menanyakan pendapat (asking foropinion).(Jawaban: a)

2. Toto : Science and technology has developed very fast. Do youthink we are ready for that?Tati : ....a. Good it is interesting d. Frankly speaking, I disagree with you b. Why not, Just behave yourself e. I’m not certain. The quality of

our education is still lowc. Oh. marvelous. It great for you Pembahasan Respons Tati yang tepat terhadap pertanyaan Toto yaitu keraguannya(not certain) mengenai hal yang ditanyakan. (Jawaban: e)

I. Saying you are pleased or displeasedUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa senang

dan tidak senang, antara lain:Saying you are pleased

• I’m very pleased with ....• How marvellous!

• Great!• That’s terrific!• I’m delighted to hear that.

Saying you are displeased• Oh no!• Oh dear!• I really hate....• I can’t stand it.• This is extremely irritating.

Contoh Soal:Ria: Mom, I got good marks this semester.Mother: That’sterrific!Mother said that she is .... with Ria’s achievement.a.Pleased b. Displeased c. Unsatisfied d. Grateful e. UnhappyPembahasanIbu Ria mengungkapkan rasa senang (pleased) karena Riamemperoleh nilai yang bagus.(Jawaban: a)J. Expressing satisfaction anddissatisfactionUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakanrasa puas dan tidak puas, antara lain:Expressing satisfaction• I love it!•That’s quite good.• I’m satisfied with...• It’s really satisfyng.• I’mso glad with what you have done.Contoh Soal:Mr Halim: I’m not satisfiedwith the air conditioner in my room.Mr. Ahmad : We’re sorry, Sir. Wewill fix it soon.The underlined utterence shows ....a. Satisfaction b.Dissatisfaction c. Embarrasement d. Anxiety e. Fear PembahasanMr Halimmenyatakan ketidakpuasannya (dissatisfaction) dengan AC di kamarnya.(Jawaban: b)K. Saying you are afraid, anxious and relievedUngkapan-ungkapan yangbiasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa takut, cemas, dan lega, Expressingdissatisfaction• I’m not satisfied with ....• I’m dissatisfied with ....•That’s not good.• It’s not very nice.• I’m not happy with that.

antara lain:Saying you are afraid or anxious

• I’m afraid ....• I’m worried about ....• I’m frightened....• I’m scared ....

• I’m very concerned about .... Contoh Soal:

Mrs Ira:.... She hasn’t gone home yet.Lucky: She’ll be fine, Mom.The suitable expression to fill in the blank is ....a. Where is your sister? c. I’m not satisfied with your sister. e.I’m embarrassed.b. I’m worried about your sister. d. What about your sister? PembahasanIbu Ira merasa cemas (worried) karena anak perempuannya belum pulang.(Jawaban: b)

L. Expressing loves/likes and dislikesUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa suka

dan tidak suka, antara lain:Expressing likes

• I like/love ....• I really enjoy ....• I really go for ....• I’m very fond of ....• What I particularly enjoy is ....

Contoh Soal:Andi : It seems that you enjoy listening to ‘dangdut’ music.

Saying you are relieved• That’s a relief.• What a relief!• Thank God for ....• It’s a great relief.• I’m very glad to hear about....

Expressing dislikes• I don’t like ....• I’ve never liked ...• Oh, how awful!• I have to admit I rather dislike ....• I must say I’m not too fond of ....

Agus : You’re right ... a. I dislike it. c. I hate ‘dangdut’. e. I like ‘dangdut’ verymuch.

b. It makes me sick. d. I am annoyed with it. PembahasanAndi mengatakan, It seems that you enjoy.... Agus begitu menikmati musikdangdut, berarti dia menyukai (like) lagu dangdut. (Jawaban: e)

M. Expressing sadness and painUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa sedih

dan terluka, antara lain: Expressing sadness

• I’m so sad.• It really hurts.• It’s very tragic.• How sorowful it is!• I‘m so upset about it.

Contoh Soal:X : Hi, Nina! What’s up? Why do you look so sad?Y : I’ve got a terrible headache. It’s really painful.X : Oh, poor you ...?The underlined sentence expresses ....a. Sadness b. Pain c. Fear d. Relief e. HappinessPembahasanUngkapan it’s really painful biasa digunakan untuk mengungkapkan rasa sakit(pain). (Jawaban: b)

N. Saying you are annoyed and embarrassedUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan rasa jengkel

dan malu, antara lain:Saying you are annoyed

• I’m very annoyed• It annoys me.• It really makes me angry.

Expressing pain• It’s really painful.• It hurts me so bad.• I’m suffered from....• What a pain I should endure

Saying you are embarrassed• How embarrassing!• What a shame!• I’m really ashamed.• It makes me red.• It is extremely annoying.

Contoh Soal:Aryo: Turn off the music! ....

Riska: OK. I’m sorry.What should Aryo said to Riska?a. What a shame! b. It annoys me. c. It’s good. d. Well done! e.Thanks.

PembahasanSuara musik Riska mengganggu (annoys) Aryo, sehingga Aryo memintaRiska untuk mematikannya. (Jawaban: b)

O. Giving advice and warningUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk memberikan nasihat dan

peringatan, antara lain:Giving advice

• I think you should ....• If I were you, I’d ....• You’d better ....• I would advise ....• I would ..., if I were in your position.

Contoh Soal:1. Tia : You look so sad. What has happened to you?

Mia :My mother was angry because I came home late last night. Tia : Don’t be sad. You’d better ask for her apology and admit thatyou’ve done a mistake. From the dialogue we know that Tia gives ... to Mia. a. an idea b. advice c. an opinion d. a surprise e. information

• I don’t think I can stand to see him/her.• That is the most embarrassing moment in my life.

Warning someone• Look out!• Be careful!• Watch out!• Make sure you ...• I would be extremely careful of ... if I were you.

PembahasanTia menasehati (giving advice) Mia untuk meminta maaf kepada ibunya.

Penggunaan ‘d better menunjukkan memberi nasehat. (Jawaban: b)2. Ina : Why are you sleepy in class?

Ines : Do I look sleepy, Na? I am not sleepy, but I have a painfulstomach ache.Ina : You should go to the doctor. Come on, I’ll accompany you.The underlined words express ...a. disagreement b. satisfaction c. obligation d. offering e. advicePembahasan Ines sakit perut. Ina menasehatinya untuk pergi ke dokter. Katashould dapat menunjukkan bahwa Ina memberi nasihat kepada Ina.(Jawaban: e)

P. ComplainingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengeluhkan sesuatu,

antara lain:• I want to complain about ....• This is most unsatisfactory.• I’m sorry to say this, but....• Would you please not....?• I’m not at all satisfied with ....

Contoh Soal:Mrs Nia: I’m sorry to say this, but there is no dustbin availablehere.Mr. Wahyu: We’re very sorry, ma’am. We’ll make it availableimmediately. Thank you.What utterence did Mrs Nia express?a. Asking for help c. Congratulating e. Thankingb. Offering something d. ComplainingPembahasanMrs Nia mengeluhkan (complaining) tidak tersedianya tempat sampah disekitar tempat itu kepada Mr Wahyu. (Jawaban: d)

Q. Expressing possibilities and impossibilitiesUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang

mungkin dan tidak mungkin, antara lain:Expressing possibility

• Perhaps/Probably/maybe• I expect ....• ...is going ro ....• It looks like ...• I assume/believe ....

Contoh Soal:Student A : Is man able to find an efficient way to convert the heatof the sun into energy?Student B: ... because a lot of experiments have been done, and theresult is quite-positive. a. It’s quite improbable b. It’s out of the question c. I don’tthink it is possibled. There is always a chance e. There’s no certainty of it

PembahasanStudent B menyatakan kemungkinan bagi manusia untuk mengubah panasmatahari menjadi energi. Ungkapan yang tepat yaitu There is always a chance.(Jawaban: d)R. Admitting and regretting mistakes

Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengakui dan menyesalikesalahan, antara lain:

• Sorry, you are right• Yes, perhaps I’m wrong there.• My mistake, ...• Yes, I must admit you are right.• I may have been error over ....

Contoh Soal:Aris : You said that Tari Pendet is from Java. In fact, it is fromBali.

Expressing impossibility• I don’t think....• It’s not probable ....• It’s unlikely....• Probably not!• It’s very doubtful ....

Ayu : .....The suitable response from Ayu is ....a. I’m satisfied with your answer. c. I’m sorry to hear that. e. Ilike it very much.b. Sorry, you are right. d. Well done. PembahasanAyu telah mengatakan hal yang salah dan Aris benar. Ayu pun memintamaaf atas kesalahannya.(Jawaban: b)

S. Promising

Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan janji,antara lain:

• I promise you ....• Take my words....• I will ....• I swear ....• You can keep my words.

Contoh soal:Ajeng: Do you promise to pick me at seven?Rudi: .... I’ll be there on time.The suitable expression is ....a. I agree b. I don’t agree c. I promise you d. I see e. I doPembahasanUntuk menyatakan janji, ungkapan I promise you dapat digunakan.(Jawaban: c)

T. Expressing curiosityUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan

keingintahuan, antara lain:• I wonder ...?• Can someone tell me ...?• I wish I knew ....• If only I knew ....• I’d particularly like to know ....

Contoh Soal:Susi: Yesterday, there was a landslide in Ciwidey.Okta: How awful! ...how many victims are there?a. I knew it b. I agree c. I saw it d. I wonder e. I heard about itPembahasanSetelah mendengar bencana longsor di Ciwidey, Okta merasa ingin tahumengenai korban bencana tersebut. Ungkapan I wonder adalah yang palingtepat. (Jawaban: d)

U. PersuadingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk membujuk, antara lain:• Won’t you ..., please?• Please let me ....• Why don’t you ...?• How can I persuade you to ....

Contoh Soal:Dina: Dad, please let me to go with my friends tonight.Father: No, Dina. I won’t let you go at night.What expression did Dina say?

a. Promising b. Persuading c. Advising d. Complaining e.ComplementingPembahasanUngkapan please let me biasa digunakan untuk membujuk (persuading)seseorang. (Jawaban: b)

V. EncouragingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk memberi semangat atau

dorongan kepada orang lain, antara lain:• Well done! Now ....• No! You’re doing fine!• Don’t give up!• I’m right behind you!• We feel you should go ahead.

Contoh Soal:Lukman: I’m sorry. I’m almost disappointed everyone.Tari: No, you’re doing fine!Tari is trying to ... Lukman.a. Congratulate b. Persuade c. Encourage d. Help e. Advise PembahasanLukman merasa putus asa karena telah mengecewakan semua orang. Tarimencoba untuk memberi semangat (to encourage) kepadanya. (Jawaban: c)

W. RequestingUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk meminta sesuatu atau

bantuan, antara lain:• Could you ..., please?• Do you mind ...?• Can you ...?• May I ...?• Would it be possible for you to ...?

Contoh Soal:1. Dito : Excuse me ...,?

Diah : Oh, of course. Here it is! a. Can you help me c. Could you do me a favor e. Would you mind

opening the doorb. Could you do this me d. May I borrow your dictionaryPembahasanDari dialog di atas, Dito meminta barang kepada Diah karena Diahmengatakan here it is. Ungkapan yang tepat, yaitu May I borrow yourdictionary. (Jawaban: d)

2. Rita : Excuse me! ... to help you turn the radio off?Mr. Hasni : Yes, please. Thank you very much indeed. a. Is it possible for me c. Can you order me e. Can you ask me

b. Would you like me d. Is it okay for me

PembahasanPada dialog di atas, Rita menawarkan bantuan untuk mematikan radio.Ungkapan yang tepat, yaitu Would you like me. (Jawaban: b)

X. Expressing wishes or hopesUngkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan harapan,

antara lain: • I hope ....• I wish ....• Hopefully ....• Let’s hope ....• We must hope ....

Contoh Soal:Diki: I hope we pass the examination.Adi: I hope so.What do they express?a. Fear b. Anxiety c. Relief d. Hope e. Annoyance PembahasanPada dialog di atas, Diki dan Adi berbicara tentang harapan (hope)mereka lulus ujian. (Jawaban: d)

Y. Showing attitude Ungkapan-ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk menyatakan sikap,

antara lain:• Yes, I agree.• I have no objection ...• That’s quite true.• I think I’d accept ....• Oh, I don’t agree.• I’m afraid I can’t accept.

Contoh Soal:Husband : Our car always troubles me.Wife : Why don’t you sell it and buy a new one?Husband : Well. I don’t have any objection to your idea as long as we can afford it.In the dialogue the husband expresses ... a. sympathy b. capability c. agreement d. intolerance e. pleasurePembahasanPada dialog di atas, husband menyatakan sikapnya dengan menyetujui (agree) dengan apa yang dikatakan oleh istrinya. (Jawaban: c)

C. GRAMMAR1. Simple past tenseSimple past tense digunakan untukmenjelaskan atau menceritakan peristiwa/kegiatan yang terjadi di masa lampau.Pola kalimat:(+) Contoh:

• Tika came to the party yesterday.• She read that book last week.

• He didn’t accept the letter.• Did they join the group?

Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain: yesterday, two days ago, last week/month year.Contoh Soal:1. Yesterday I didn’t go to the theatre. I ... my mother cook. a. help b. helping c. helped d. will help e. washelpedPembahasan:Keterangan waktu dalam kalimat tersebut adalah yesterday, kata kerja yang tepat yaitu dalam bentuk past, yaitu helped. (Jawaban: c)2. Simple future tenseSimple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian atau keadaan yang akan terjadi pada masa yang akandatang.Pola kalimat:• Subject + shall/will + Object• Subject + to be + going to + infinitive + objectContoh :• I will go to the zoo tomorrow. •She is going to buy a new book next month.Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain besok (tomorrow), minggu depan (next week), bulan depan (next month), tahun depan (next year).Contoh Soal:Rita and her family ... to Pelabuhan Ratu next month.a. Go b. Went c. Have gone d. Are going e. Are going to goPembahasanKeterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam kalimat di atas, yaitu next month yang berarti kejadian yang akan datang. Bentuk predikatnya to be + going to + go. (Jawaban: e)

3. Present perfect tense Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan kegiatan yang

telah berakhir atau selesai.Pola kalimat:Subject + have/has + past participleContoh:

• I have worked here since 2005.• Mother has baked the cake for 15 minutes.• She hasn’t finished her work.• Have you gone to Makasar?

Keterangan waktu yang biasa digunakan, antara lain for ..., since ..., yet,already.Contoh Soal:

She .... in this city for two months.a. Have lived b. Has lived c. Live d. Lives e. Is livingPembahasanKeterangan waktu pada kalimat di atas, yaitu for two months. Bentukpredikatnya has + past participle. (Jawaban: b)

4. Prepositions

Preposition atau kata depan biasanya ditempatkan sebelum kata benda(noun) atau kata ganti (pronouns).Contoh prepositions:At, on, by, before, in (menunjukkan waktu tertentu)

• At night• On 6 May• By Monday• In timeFrom, since, for, during (menunjukkan rentang waktu tertentu)• From seven to eight• Since yesterday• For two months• During the rainy seasonContoh Soal:She has been a policewoman ... last year.a. At b. In c. For d. From e.SincePembahasanPreposition (kata depan) yang tepat di antara kelimapilihan adalah since (sejak) sehingga kalimat di atas mangandung arti:Dia telah menjadi polwan sejak tahun lalu. (Jawaban: e)5. AdverbsAdverbsatau kata keterangan dalam sebuah kalimat harus ditempatkan dengantepat. Adverbs of time atau keterangan waktu ditempatkan di awal atauakhir kalimat.Contoh:• I saw Mr. Nugraha yesterday.• On Sunday I goswimming.Adverbs of frequency (often, usually, generally, rarely,ever, etc) ditempatkan sebelum main verb (kata kerja utama/predikat) didalam kalimat, kecuali main verb-nya berupa to be.Contoh:• He never comes toclass late.• She is always late for class?Dalam kalimat yang memilikiauxiliary verbs, adverbs of frequency ditempatkan setelah auxiliary verbs, sebelummain verb.

Contoh:• He has never come late to class.• We don’t usually eat in the cafeteria.

Contoh SoalRe-arrange the following words.Always – we – foot – on – go – school – to1 2 3 4 5 6 7a. 2 – 1 – 5 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 3 c. 2 – 1 – 5 – 7 – 6 – 4 – 3 e. 2 – 5– 7 – 6 – 1 – 4 – 3b. 2 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 7 – 6 d. 2 – 5 – 7 – 6 – 4 – 3 – 1PembahasanPerhatikan kaidah bahwa dalam kalimat yang memiliki auxiliary verbs,adverbs of frequency ditempatkan setelah auxiliary verbs, sebelum main verb.(Jawaban: c)

6. Conditional sentencesConditonal sentences merupakan kalimat pengandaian. Bentuk-

bentuknya, antara lain sebagai berikut:

a. If + Subject + present tense, Subject + future tenseIf she goes, I will go.Real condition: she will probably go or not, so I will probably goor not.

b. If + subject + past tense, Subject + past future If you called me, I would wait for you.Real condition: you don’t call me, so I don’t wait for you.

c. If + Subject + past perfect, Subject + future past perfectIf he had exercised a lot, he would have won the competition.Real condition: he didn’t exercise a lot, so he didn’t win thecompetition.

Contoh Soal:If I were rich, I would buy a car.It means that ...a. I am rich, so I will buy a car. d. I am poor, so I won’tbuy a car.b. I am rich, but I won’t buy a car. e. I am poor, but Iwill buy a car.c. I am rich, so I would buy a car. PembahasanKalimatdi atas artinya: jika saya kaya, saya akan membeli mobil. Padakenyataannya, saya miskin sehingga saya tidak akan membeli mobil.(Jawaban: d)7. Relative clauseRelative clause merupakan klausa dependen yangberfungsi menerangkan kata benda sehingga didapat informasi yang jelasmengenai benda tersebut. Untuk menghubungkan antar klausa digunakankata penghubung, seperti that, which, who, whom, dan whose. Berikutadalah contoh relative clause.• The woman who wears the red dress is myaunt. • This is the bicycle that my father bought me yesterday.• The manwhom we met is my father’s friend.• The family whose house is in front of theour house is our relatives.• These are the cookies which my mother givesus.Contoh Soal:Do you know Audri ... writing was presented yesterday?a. Who b. Whom c.That d. Which e. WhosePembahasanRelative clause pada kalimat di atasdimulai dengan kata benda writing. Oleh karena itu, kata penghubung yangtepat adalah whose. (Jawaban: e)8. Passive sentence Passive sentence ataukalimat pasif mengandung subjek pelaku secara implisit, objek dalamkalimat ini dinyatakan secara eksplisit.sar participle

Perhatikan contoh berikut:Active: I clean my house every day. objectPassive:My house is cleaned every day (by me). SubjectContoh Soal:My brother cuts thegrass in the garden.The passive sentence is ....a. The grass in the garden cutsb. Thegrass in the garden is cutting.c. The grass in the garden is cut.d. Mybrother is cutting the grass in the garden.e. My brother cut the grassin the garden.Pembahasan Perhatikan kembali pola kalimat pasif. Objekpada kalimat aktif adalah the grass in the garden. Objekinilah yang dijadikan subjek di dalam kalimat pasif. Kata kerja yangdigunakan dalam kalimat pasif adalah past participle (cut). (Jawaban: c)9. Directand indirect speechDirect speech adalah kalimat yang disampaikan secara

langsung pada saat pembicara berkata. Indirect speech adalah kalimatyang disampaikan secara tidak langsung.

Kata kerja (verb) dari direct ke indirect speech mengalami perubahan.Direct speechIndirect speechSimple presentSimple pastPresent continuousPast continuousPresent perfectPast perfectPresent perfect continuousPast perfect continuousSimple pastPast perfectFutureConditional Future continuousConditional continuousconditionalConditional Adverbs of time juga berubah.DirectIndirectTodayThat dayYesterdayThe day beforeThe day before yesterdayTwo days beforeTomorrowThe next day/the followingdayThe day after tomorrowIn two days’ timeNext week/yearThe following week/yearLast week/yearThe previous week/yearA year agoA year before/the previous year

Contoh Soal:“I saw her yesterday,” he said.The indirect speech is ....a. He said he saw her yesterday. d. He said he has seen heryesterday. b. He said he had seen her yesterday. e. He said he has seen herthe day before.c. He said he had seen her the day before. PembahasanDirect speech di atas dalam bentuk past tense. Jika diubah ke dalam bentukindirect speech, kalimatnya menjadi bentuk past perfect tense. Keteranganwaktunya juga berubah yesterday menjadi the day before. (Jawaban: c)

10. Conjunctions • And, but, orAnd digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa.

Contoh:• I have a new book and dictionary.• Nina is reading a book and Tita is watching television.But digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata, frasa, atau klausa yang

memiliki makna yang bertentangan.Contoh:

• Kirana is diligent, but her brother is lazy.• Dina is not pretty, but very friendly. • Or untuk menunjukkan pilihan.

Contoh:

Do you like milk or coffee?a. Both ... and ..., not only... but also ...

• Both ... and .... Yusi likes both apples and banana.• Not only...but also... She is not only pretty but also friendly.

b. When, after, beforeWhen digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang terjadi bersamaan.

After dan before untuk menyatakan kegiatan/kejadian yang terjadisetelah/sebelum kejadian yang lainnya.Pola kalimat:When/after/before + subject + verb + object/complement + , + clause.Contoh:

• When we play together, Ina always join us.• After I take a bath, I have my breakfast.

Clause + when/after/before + subject + verb + object/complement. • Ina always join us when we play together.• I have my breakfast before I go to school.

Contoh Soal:Please turn off the light ... you sleep.

a. When b. Before c. After d. And e. OrPembahasanKalimat di atas artinya tolong matikan lampu ... kamu tidur. Katapenghubung yang tepat yaitu ketika (when). (Jawaban: a)

D. SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXTS 1. Notices

Notice (pemberitahuan/peringatan) adalah tulisan atau tanda untukmemberi informasi, instruksi atau peringatan kepada publik.Contoh:Contoh Soal:1. What does the traffic sign mean? (gmbr. Rambu lalu lintas dilarang masuk)

a. the road is slipperyb. the road is windingc. the car may turn rightd. the car may turn lefte. the car may not enter this streetPembahasan

Tanda lalu lintas di atas artinya dilarang masuk. Maksudnya, mobildilarang melewati jalan tersebut. (Jawaban: e)

2. Greeting cardsGreeting cards atau kartu ucapan merupakan sepucuk surat yang

digunakan untuk memberi ucapan selamat, terima kasih, belasungkawa,atau ucapan semoga lekas sembuh.

NO ENTR

Contoh Soal:Whom is the greeting card written for?a. Dewi b. Shinta c. Sinta’s friend d. Sinta’s parents e. Dewi’s

parentsPembahasanDalam kartu ucapan, orang yang dimaksud ditulis di awal. Adapunpengirim ditulis di akhir kartu.(Jawaban: b)

3. Short messagesShort messages atau pesan pendek merupakan informasi pendek tertulis

atau lisan yang disampaikan seseorang karena tidak dapat bertemulangsung dengan orang yang dimaksudkan.Contoh Soal:Pro: RianYour lunch is on the table. Don’t forget to do your homework.

I’ll be at home at 9.

Love you,

Mom

What did mother ask Rian to do?a. Going home at 9 and having lunch b. Preparing lunch on table.c. Cooking for lunch and serving it on table.d. Having lunch and doing homework.e. Doing homework and going home at 9.

Dear Sinta,

How are you today?

I hope you get better soon.

We miss you so much.

Dewi and friends