Science Quarter 2-Module 7

Week 7, Path of Typhoons

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Science - Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 - Module 7: Path of Typhoons Revised Copy, 2021

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Development Team of the Module

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Science Quarter 2-Module 7

Week 7, Path of Typhoons

Quarter : Second Quarter Content Standard : The learners demonstrate understanding of the formation of

typhoons and their movement within the PAR. Performance Standard : The learners should be able to participate in activities that lessen the risks brought by typhoons. Competency : The learners should be able to trace the path of typhoons that

enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a map and tracking data (S8ES-IIf-21)

Duration : Week 7

What I Need to Know

Names like Sendong, Pablo and Rolly marked significant events in people’s lives especially in the Philippines. An average of 22 typhoons enter the country every year and leave devastating effects to the place. The previous module explains how this weather disturbance is formed and the factors that affect its development. Thus, it explains why Philippines is prone to typhoons. In this module, our readiness to this weather disturbance will be enhanced as we will know how to keep track on the path of typhoon entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility. In order to grasp understanding of this concept, let’s be guided by the learning goals in this session below. Objectives

1. Locate the Philippine Area of Responsibility by plotting the points on a graph. 2. Trace the path of a tropical cyclone using the given data of its latitude and longitude

position. 3. Identify where typhoons commonly form and die out.

Lesson

Path of Typhoons

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What I Know Pre-assessment Directions: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your answer on a

separate sheet of paper. 1. Which government agency in the Philippines monitors typhoon?

A. DOST B. DENR C. NDRRMC D. PAGASA For numbers 2- 5, read the following excerpts of the weather report by the Manila Bulletin. Manila Bulletin Typhoon Ulysses makes third landfall Published November 12, 2020, 3:19 AM by Leslie Ann Aquino

Typhoon “Ulysses” (international name “Vamco”) has made its third landfall in the vicinity of General Nakar, Quezon at 1:40 A.M. on November 12, according to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). PAGASA said as of 1 AM today, the center of the eye of Typhoon “Ulysses” was estimated at 30 km North of Infanta, Quezon and at 1:40 a.m. was located in the vicinity of General Nakar, Quezon. With maximum sustained winds of 155 km/h near the center and gustiness of up to 255 km/h, the tropical cyclone was moving northwestward at 20 km/h. Based on the Severe Weather Bulletin No. 18 issued at 2:00 a.m., the typhoon is forecast to cross Central Luzon and emerge over the western seaboard of Zambales this morning. “After making landfall at peak intensity, the typhoon is forecast to slightly weaken while crossing Central Luzon due to frictional effects in the presence of the Sierra Madre and Zambales Mountain Ranges. However, it is likely to remain a typhoon throughout its traverse,” read the bulletin. On the forecast track, PAGASA said the typhoon may exit the Philippine Area of Responsibility tomorrow morning or afternoon.

2. Based on the news clipping, at what direction did Typhoon Ulysses move?

A. eastward B. northwest C. southeast D. westward 3. In what area that the tropical cyclone made its third landfall?

A. Bicol B. Laguna C. Quezon D. Zambales 4. Why did Typhoon Ulysses slightly weaken while crossing Central Luzon? This is due to _____.

A. cold surrounding air in the vicinity B. high pressure area in Central Luzon C. moving through the wide bodies of ocean D. frictional effects in the presence of mountain ranges

5. When did typhoon Ulysses leave the Philippine Area of Responsibility? A. November 10, 2020 C. November 12, 2020 B. November 11, 2020 D. November 13, 2020

6. Which of the following is the proper way to do if a typhoon is approaching? A. Panic buying B. Get more news updates from TV and radio C. Continue doing the daily activities just like the ordinary days D. Make necessary preparations and precautions while being updated with the track of typhoon

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7. Based on the given tracking data of Typhoon Ursula, in what areas will the typhoon be expected to move?

A. Eastern Luzon, Western Visayas, Palawan B. Western Luzon, Eastern Visayas, Legaspi C. Eastern Visayas, Western Visayas, Oriental Mindoro D. Northern Luzon, Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao

8. When does a tropical cyclone get its name? It is when ___________. A. the wind speed is less than 40 kph B. a tropical depression is inside the PAR C. it reaches the Philippine Area of Responsibility only D. the tropical cyclone is still far from the Philippine Area of Responsibility

9. What is the advantage of the big area, East of the Philippine Area of responsibility? The big area provides_______________. A. more focus for monitoring by PAGASA B. less vulnerability to weather disturbances C. more time to prepare before the tropical cyclone hits the land D. less time to prepare before the tropical cyclone hits the water

10. What happens to Typhoon Sendong as it reaches the bodies of water? It _________. A. weakens B. intensifies C. dies out D. maintains its speed

11. At what coordinates that the typhoon is located outside the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR)?

A. 8ON 117OE B. 15ON 120OE C. 21ON 127OE D. 22ON 117OE

Philippine Area of Responsibility Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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12. Most of the tropical cyclones move in the Northwest direction. Which of the following explains why Typhoon Pablo take the westward direction? Typhoon Pablo______.

A. moves directly to the west C. starts at a latitude closer to the equator B. is carried by the cold air mass D. follows the location of the high pressure area

For numbers 13-15, consider the figure below.

13. How many times did tropical cyclone X hits the land? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 14. Which of the following coordinates of its landfall is plotted INCORRECTLY? A. 8ON 125OE B. 10ON 124OE C. 12ON 122OE D. 17ON 126OE 15. At what coordinates the tropical cyclone X gets its name if it has reached a tropical cyclone category already? A. 6ON 134OE B. 8ON 125OE C. 10ON 126OE D. 12ON 122OE

Photo credits: http://gb-sb.blogspot.com

Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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What’s In A. Drill on plotting of points

Since our task is to track the path of a tropical cyclone through a graph, let us have a drill on plotting the points in the coordinates, x and y. Are you ready? Let us use the data on the factors affecting the formation of tropical cyclone in the given tables to plot the points and connect these points to make a line graph. Use a graphing paper for your answers.

Figure 1. Temperature vs. Humidity

Q1. How does the temperature affect the amount of water vapor in the air (humidity)? ________________________________________________________________________

Figure 1. Distance from the Eyewall vs. Air Pressure

Temperature (OC)

Humidity (g/kg)

0 3.8

5 5

10 7.8

15 10

20 15

25 20

30 27.7

35 35

Distance from the Eyewall

(km)

Air pressure (millibar)

10 940

20 960

30 980

40 990

50 1100

60 1200

2.

x

y

x

y

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Q2. What have you observed on the amount of air pressure as the distance from the eyewall increases? ________________________________________________________

What’s New

When a typhoon enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the weather bureau begins to monitor it. Do you know where the PAR is? Do the following activity to find out. Let’s Get Started!

Activity 1 Plotting the PAR

Directions: Do the following as directed on a separate sheet of paper.

I. Objective:

To locate the Philippine Area of Responsibility by plotting the coordinates (latitude and longitude) on the given graph.

II. Materials: map of the Philippines and pencil

III. Procedure: 1. Plot the following points on the map in worksheet no.1 found on page 17.

Points Latitude, Longitude

a 5°N, 115°E b 15°N, 115°E c 21°N, 120°E d 25°N, 120°E e 25°N, 135°E f 5°N, 135°E

Figure 3. Map of the Philippines and vicinity

2. Connect the plotted points. The region within is the Philippine Area of Responsibility or PAR. It is the job of PAGASA to monitor all tropical cyclones that enter this area.

Q1. If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, is it within the PAR? __________

Q2. How about if the typhoon is at 19°N, 117°E, is it inside the PAR? __________

Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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You now know how the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) looks like. In the following activity, you will track the path of a tropical cyclone as it enters and leaves the PAR.

Activity 2 Tracking a Tropical Cyclone

Directions: Do the following as directed on a separate sheet of paper.

I. Objectives: To determine the path of a tropical cyclone, given the latitude and longitude position.

II. Materials: map with the PAR (from Activity 1) pencil tracking data

III. Procedure: 1. Use the latitude and longitude (lat-long) in the table below to track the location of

Sendong. Plot each lat-long pair on the map with the PAR.

2. Connect the plotted points to see the path of the typhoon.

Date: 13-19 DEC 2011 Tropical Storm Sendong (International name: Washi)

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Q1. Where did Tropical Storm Sendong form? _____________________________________________________________

Q2. When did Tropical Storm Sendong enter the PAR? _____________________________________________________________

Q3. In what direction did Tropical Storm Sendong move? _____________________________________________________________

Q4. On what day did Tropical Storm Sendong hit the land? _____________________________________________________________ Q5. What areas were hit by Tropical Storm Sendong? Why did this happen? _____________________________________________________________ Q6. What happened to its wind speed as it hit the land? Why? _____________________________________________________________ Q7. When did Tropical Storm Sendong leave the PAR?

_____________________________________________________________ Q8. Where did it end up? Why?

_____________________________________________________________

What is It

Do you know that…. The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Philippines tasked in providing protection from natural calamities, ensuring safety, well- being, and economic security of the people. Specifically, with the occurrence of natural calamities like tropical cyclone, the agency starts the monitoring of this weather disturbance even before it enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) and even it has already left the PAR for there is still a chance that it will return. The PAR is an area in the Northwestern Pacific, smallest and innermost monitoring domain, whose boundary is closest to the Philippine islands. The exact dimensions of this domain are the areas of the Western North Pacific bounded by imaginary lines connecting the coordinates: 5ON 115OE, 15ON 115OE, 21ON 120OE, 25ON 135OE and 5ON 135OE.The western boundary of the PAR is closer to the coastline of the country and completely encloses the East Philippine Sea. The east of Philippines is a big area because this is where most tropical cyclones come from. The wide area gives us more time to prepare before the tropical cyclone hits the land. One of the many ways of this preparation is to keep track of the path of a tropical cyclone. In Activity B, we have experienced tracing the tropical storm Sendong that visited Philippines last December 13-19, 2011. Like all tropical cyclones, Sendong formed in the Pacific Ocean from a low-pressure area (LPA). It did not have a name yet at that point. Names are not given to LPAs until when the winds become stronger, categorized as tropical depression. PAGASA gives names to tropical depression, the first category of a tropical cyclone that enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility. Before Sendong crossed into the PAR, it had already become a tropical storm. That means, its winds speed increased. Since it was already within the PAR, PAGASA used its prepared list of names and called the tropical cyclone.

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The time that Sendong hit the Mindanao area, it weakened because it was cut off from the sea. But when it reached the bodies of water again with the required temperature, Sendong is intensified again, gaining back its strength. On the other hand, when it encountered areas with cold surrounding air especially beyond Palawan, it caused Sendong to die out. We learned from the previous module that most of the tropical cyclones take the northwest direction that’s why Luzon area is always being hit by the weather disturbance. People in the Mindanao area got surprised by the coming of Sendong knowing that their place is seldom hit by a typhoon. This can be explained by its start at a latitude closer to the equator, and the tropical cyclone moves directly to the west, instead of moving to the northwest direction. With these, people suffered the devastating effects of tropical storm Sendong that have could be avoided if careful tracking or monitoring of the typhoon has been made. Tracking of typhoon by PAGASA guides people to be ready for an approaching typhoon through weather forecasts. Keeping track on the direction, location, and wind speed of a typhoon may assist PAGASA to announce the public storm warning signals (PSWS) to help people prepare for an approaching weather disturbance. With this, people may be alert in doing proper actions to prevent the unwanted circumstances that may put lives in danger as typhoon’s strength could cause damage to nature, properties, and people. What’s More

Let’s En-Rich Our Minds!

Keeping an Eye on You

Directions: Do the following as directed on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Read the following news excerpt, from Sun Star Philippines, October 30, 2020. (FB page).

DOST PAGASA October 30 at 8:26 AM ·

SEVERE WEATHER BULLETIN #4 FOR: TYPHOON "#RollyPH" (GONI) TROPICAL CYCLONE: WARNING ISSUED AT 11:00 PM, 30 October 2020 TYPHOON "ROLLY" CONTINUES TO RAPIDLY INTENSIFY AND IS NEARING SUPER TYPHOON CATEGORY.

Track and intensity outlook: Track: On the forecast track, “ROLLY” will move west-southwestward tonight through tomorrow evening. On Sunday, it will gradually turn towards the west-northwest, bringing its inner rainbands-eyewall region near or over Catanduanes and the Camarines Provinces during the morning and afternoon hours and over the Quezon-Aurora area during the evening hours. The center of the eye of the typhoon is forecast to pass very close or over the Calaguas Islands on Sunday afternoon and make landfall over the Quezon-Aurora area on Sunday evening. After crossing

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Central Luzon, the center of “ROLLY” is forecast to exit the mainland Luzon landmass on Monday morning. Intensity: “ROLLY” underwent extremely rapid intensification over the last 24 hours and is now near the Super Typhoon category threshold. Owing to very favorable conditions, there is an increasing likelihood that this typhoon will reach Super Typhoon category over the next 12 hours. The typhoon is forecast to be near Super Typhoon strength (185-215 km/h) by time it passes very near to Bicol Region and makes landfall over the Aurora-Quezon area. After landfall, “ROLLY” is forecast to weaken considerably but will remain at typhoon category until it emerges over the West Philippine Sea. 1. Based on the news item, to what direction was the typhoon going last October

30?________________ 2. Why is typhoon Rolly nearly categorized to super typhoon?________________ 3. What causes it to weaken after its landfall?_____________________________

B. Locate the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) on the map using the coordinates in Activity A.

C. Use the data of the latitude and longitude in the table below to track the location of Super Typhoon Rolly. Plot each pair of latitude and longitude data on the given map with the PAR found on page 18.

Date Time Latitude (ON) Longitude (O E) 10/27/2020 2PM 15.5 141.2 10/28/2020 11AM 16.3 140.4 10/29/2020 8AM 16.3 136.4 10/29/2020 8PM 16.4 134.4 10/30/2020 5AM 16.2 133.6 10/30/2020 8PM 16.7 130.5 10/31/2020 8AM 15.2 128.5 10/31/2020 8PM 14.1 126.3 11/1/2020 2AM 13.4 125.5 11/1/2020 8PM 14.3 121.1 11/2/2020 5AM 14.5 118.5 11/2/2020 8PM 15.3 116.5 11/3/2020 11AM 14.5 115.3 11/3/2020 8PM 14.4 114.5

Figure 4. Wide Map of the Philippines and vicinity

Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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What I Have Learned Directions: Read and complete the statements using the words below. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

damage body of water PAGASA Northwest ready coordinates wind speed prepare location direction east mountains or land PAR/Philippine Area of Responsibility

(1) ____________________ starts the monitoring of a tropical cyclone even before it

enters the (2) ______________________ and even it has already left the PAR, for there is still a chance that it will return. The PAR is an area in the (3) _________________Pacific, smallest and innermost monitoring domain, whose boundary is closest to the Philippine islands. The (4) __________ of Philippines is a big area because this is where most tropical cyclones come from. The wide area gives us more time to (5) _____________ before the tropical cyclone hits the land. Tracking of the typhoons through plotting the (6) ____________________ in a map may provide information on the typhoons such as (7) _____________, (8) ______________, and (9) _______________, especially where they form and die out. A typhoon builds up its strength when it passes over a (10) _______________ or weakens as its passes over a (11) ________________. Monitoring a typhoon serves as a big help to people for them to be (12) __________ and safe from the possible (13) _________________ caused by the strength of a typhoon.

What I Can Do Directions: Answer the following questions in relation to typhoons. Write your answers on a

separate sheet of paper. 1. Why is there a need to track tropical cyclones?

____________________________________________________________________ 2. Typhoons are natural calamities that can never be prevented from happening. However,

precautionary measures can help avoid great loss of lives and property during typhoons. Typhoons can be compared with the problems one experiences in life. No one can tell when they may arise. However, prayers and courage help resolve problems accordingly. How do you face problems and overcome challenges in life? ____________________________________________________________________

Assessment Directions: Read and understand each question below. Write the letter of your answer on a

separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following fields is outside of the concerns of PAGASA?

A. Astronomy B. Genetics C. Geophysics D. Meteorology

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For item numbers 2-4, refer to the diagram below .

2. When did tropical depression Irma enter the PAR?

A. October 5, 5:10 AM C. October 8, 1:06 PM B. October 5, 11:13 AM D. October 8, 9:25 PM

3. On what date and time did tropical depression Irma leave the PAR? A. October 5, 5:10 AM C. October 8, 1:06 PM B. October 5, 11:13 AM D. October 8, 9:25 PM 4. What is the location of tropical depression Irma when it made its landfall in Luzon?

A. 11.00 o N, 128 o E C. 17.00 o N, 121 o E B. 12.25 o N, 123 o E D. 18.50 o N, 123 o E

5. In what direction did tropical depression Irma move? A. eastward B. westward C. northwest D. southeast 6. The strength of the typhoon depends on certain factors. Which of the following can weaken the typhoon?

A. high humid area C. low temperature ocean water B. low vertical wind shear D. presence of Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone

7. What will happen to Typhoon Butchoy as it passes over the bodies of cold water? Its ______.

A. direction changes B. diameter increases

C. wind speed weakens D. wind speed intensifies

Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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8. What will happen to the supply of the warm and moist air as the typhoon moves into the land? It is _________.

A. decreased, causing it to weaken C. increased, causing it to weaken B. decreased, causing it to strengthen D. increased, causing it to strengthen

9. How does friction affect a typhoon moving into the land? It ________. A. adds strength to the typhoon C. decreases the typhoon’s wind speed B. adds moisture to the typhoon D. increases the typhoon’s wind speed

10. What is the advantage of having a wider area of responsibility? A. There will be fewer natural disasters that will hit the country. B. Incoming weather disturbances can be predicted in advance hence precautions can be

undertaken. C. It will boost country’s tourism as tourists will be interested in many rich natural resources

found in the country. D. Wider area of study increases the possibility for meteorologists to change the path of an

incoming typhoon. 11. A tropical cyclone develops east of the country, at coordinates 9 ON and 134 OE over the

Pacific Ocean and moves towards the northwest direction. Given this case, which areas can be hit by this tropical cyclone?

A. Eastern and Central Visayas C. Eastern and Northern Luzon B. Central and Southern Mindanao D. Western Visayas and Northern Palawan

12. Why did tropical storm Sendong weaken when it hit the Mindanao area? It is because it ____________.

A. is cut off from the sea and experience friction B. experiences the warm surrounding air in the land C. gathers more water vapor upon reaching the land D. acquires warm and moist area before it reaches the land

Philippine Area of Responsibility Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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13. Based on the given tracking data of Typhoon Pablo, in what areas will the typhoon be expected to move?

A. Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela B. Southern Leyte, Cebu, Iloilo C. Davao, Cagayan de Oro, Negros Oriental D. Eastern Samar, Masbate, Quezon, Laguna

14. At what coordinates that the typhoon is inside the PAR?

A. 12ON 122OE B. 23ON 119OE C. 26ON 130OE D. 29ON 137OE

Philippine Area of Responsibility Photo credits: Science 8 Learner’s Module

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15. You and your family will fly to Cebu on July 11, 2013 to visit your relatives. However, a day before the flight you heard from the news that Typhoon Ursula has entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility. You decided to check the PAGASA track of the typhoon to be sure. What is your appropriate action?

A. Make other plans for tomorrow; you are sure that the flights to Cebu will get cancelled anyway.

B. Pursue the earlier plan because it is apparent that the typhoon will not make a landfall anywhere in the country.

C. Pursue the earlier plan but make sure to pack umbrella and raincoats because rain showers are expected.

D. Re-book the flights as it is not safe to fly when there is typhoon threat.

Additional Activities

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, do as directed:

1. Write your own experience during typhoon.

_________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. If you were to prepare a survival kit, what are the 10 items that you would include?

1. _______________________ 6. _______________________ 2. _______________________ 7. _______________________ 3. _______________________ 8. _______________________ 4. _______________________ 9. _______________________ 5. _______________________ 10. ______________________

SURVIVAL KIT

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References Aquino, Marites D., et al. Science Links 8 Teacher’s Resource Material. Philippines: REX

Book Store, 2013.

Campo, Pia C.,et.al. Science 8 Learner's Module First Edition. Philippines: Department of Education, 2013.

Campo, Pia C.,et. al. Science Grade 8 Teacher’s Guide, First Edition. Philippines: Department of Education, 2013.

Gerona, Zonia M., et. al. Science and Technology 8. Abiva Publishing House, Inc. 2013

Gov.ph Philippine Area of Responsibility. Accessed November 5, 2020.

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/pilippine-area-of-responibility Manila Bulletin. Typhoo Ulysses makes third fall. Accessed November 12, 2020.

https://mb.com.ph/2020/11/12/typhoon-ulysses-makes-third-landfall/ Pretest file. Accessed October 23, 2020.

https://www.alcsny.org/cms/lib/NY01001789/Centricity/Domain/234/Ch.%202%20Pre-Test.pdf

Student raising his hand. Accessed July 5, 2020. https://publicdomainvectors.org/en/free- clipart/Raised-hand-student-vector-image/82847.html

Sunstar Philippines. Typhoon “Rolly” continues to rapidly intensify and is nearing super typhoon category. Accessed November 9, 2020. https://web.facebook.com/SunStarPhilippines/posts/10158703579993396?_rdc=1&_rdr

Super Typhoon Goni (Rolly) 2020. Zoom.Earth. Accessed November 1, 2020. https://zoom.earth/storms/goni-2020/

Track of Typhoon Ursula. Accessed November 12, 2020. https://www.thesummitexpress.com/2019/12/typhoon-ursula-pagasa-weather-update-december-26-2019.html

Track of Typhoon Pablo. Accessed November 13, 2020. http://gb-sb.blogspot.com/2012/11/pagasa-16th-typhoon-pablo-forecast.html

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Worksheet No.1, Activity 1 (from page 6)

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Worksheet 2, What’s More (page 10)

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Answer Key

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Printed in the Philippines by : Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Office Address : New Imus Avenue, Barangay Day-as, Cebu City Telephone Nos. : (032) 2551516 E-mail Address : cebu.city@deped.gov.ph