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Indian Lac Research InstituteRanchi, India

qrffiffiqfdfu lp,s7-sg

Annual Report 1997-98

Indian Lac Research Institute(lndian Council of Agricultural Research)

Namkum, Ranchi 834 010India

No portion of the reportDirector, except in quoting for

should be used without the permission of thescientific references

3--

;

i

Dr D. N. Goswamt t3'J;;ii1"tT"

Shri R. Ramani

Technical AssistanceShri R. Prasad Shri L.C.N. Shahdeo Shri D. Ganguli

Typing of the manuscript. photographyShri A. Pandey '

Shri R. p. Srivastava

Shri Laxmi KantHindi Translation

Design & LayoutShri R. Ramani

Dr Anjesh Kumar

Published by Dr S. c. Agarwal, Director; Indian Lac Research Institute.Namkum, Ranchi 834 010 Bihar, India

Printed at fa,itastr

Paper conversions (p)'Ltd., Ranchi g34 001

This report pertains to the period : April L997 to Dec. 1997. The financial statementcovers upto Mar. 3 1, 1998. The co-operation rendered by various staff members in thepreparation of the manuscript is thankfully acknowledged.

&rrtt rt"1 Preface

2 gkITEr;IT

3 Executive Summary

9_ Introduction

" Research AccomplishmentsLac Production

L lmprovements in Lac Cultivation Techniques

26 Management of Pests of Lac Insects and Host Plants

30 Genetics and Breeding of Lac Host Plants and Insects

32 Propagation and Management of Lac Host Plants

Lac Proceesing and Product Development

35 lmprovement in the Method of Preparation of Lac Dye and Aleuritic Acid

L Syntheses of some Bioactive Compounds from Aleuritc Acid

37 Polyblends of Shellac with Syntheitic Resins/Polymers

99_ Development of Lac Based Wood and Metal Lacquer

40 Technology Transferred

41 Education and Training

45 Publicitv

47 Publications

19_ List of Approved On-Going Projects

50 lmportant Committees

53 Participation of Scientists in Symposia, Meetings, Workshops etc.

55 Seminar, Symposium, etc. Organised

L DistinguishedVisitors

58 Personnel

59 , Infrastructure Development

99_ ErffiqRi{r62 qR-dq

65 {t-Ir{TEIIqS6'

99- ffiR-dqsqri-o

PREFACE

The inslitute conlinues its relentless R&D

eff orl s, f or I6e promotion of lac industn4 inlhe counIrt4, The ven4 f aclors which influenceIhe oroduclion and utilizalion of lac exerl anindirect r4eI siqnificanl eff ecI on boI6 researcf'tand exlension ?roqrlmmes Price of I6ecommoditr4 directlt4 affects I6e economics ofproduct developmenl and promotion. A slableand 6ealIhr4 mark.et environment of I6ecommodilr4 is esseyrticl f or I6e developmenl oflonq-I er m sI r at e qie s f or r e sear ch pr o qr amm e s,

rhe fruits of researchin the areas of lac produclion, processinq and utilizalioncannol be realized, r'tnless the maladies affeclinq tfie industnl 6s 6 w6ole are noteff ectivelq tackled,rfiis t4ear,I6e lac markel witnessed a 6eavq slump in Ifie price oflac, adversely affectinq the subsequenl produclion due Io overdependence of shellacmanufacturers and exporlers on foreiqn markeL Thet4 frave been indifferenl loincreasinq the domestic consumplion,Ihrowqh producls and processes developed bqthe inslilute,

There appears lo be a 6ope of recover4 of lac prices, )udqinq from I6e currenllrends,Bul,it will be sometime before various f aclors qet stabilized,rhis was one ofthe issues which received maximum allenlion durinq Ihe recenl symposium orqanizedaI the institr,lte, L6c,Ias6r, minor foresl produce form an imporlant componenl ofl6e Iribal economq and ant4 improvemenl in prodwclion and procwremenl willundoubtedlq fiave siqnificant lmpact on l6e lribal economq of I6e reqion, This wasI6e drivinq principle which prompted t,ls to orqanize the above s4mposium on"f3ioresources of Chhotanaqpur and Their lnduslrial Siqnificance| Vnder lhe presentinlernaliondl scenario Iftere is a compellinq need to identift4, documenl and prolecll6e bioresources of our counlrq, rhis realization has led to a qreal rise in sucfiinitiatives throuqh out l6e cownln4,

Notwithstandinq the presenl pliqhl of lac as a commodi|4,16e research prioriliesare beinq suilab|4 reoriented for developinq means of achievinq full wtilization ofl6e polentials of If'tis commoditr4; for,lac is a commodit4 of the fulure,

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lLKl Annual Rerurt l??7-98

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This year marked the beginningof the Golden Jublee Celebrationsthroughout the country to mark fiftyyears of India's independence. Theinstitute also took initiative to conductspecial programmes to mark theoccasion. One of these was to organizea symposium on "Bioresources ofChhotanagpur and Their IndustrialSignificance" on 20th September, thefoundation day of the institute.Chhotanagpur is biogeographicallydistinct part of this region and holdsa vast treasure-house of biodiversity.Various papers presented during thesymposium and subsequent discussionemphasized the need for initiation ofsteps for preserving this bio diversity.

Research

The researches at this institute areaimed at bringing about improvementsin lac culture, processing andutilization. Some of the significantcontributions made in this area duringperiod have been summarized below.

o There is a renewed demand for natu-ral dyes including lac dye in textileand food industry. Indian lac indus-try has a vast untapped potential forproduction of lac dye. The ILRI hastaken initiative to improve the meth-ods for isolation of lac dye duringprocessing. Methods have beenstandardized, on lab scale, for the

preparation of calcium salt of lacdye, crude lac dye and pure lac dye(9Oo/o)

Shellac possesses certain uniqueelectrical properties for its use inelectrical insulation. But its thermalresistance is low, limiting its appli-cation in this field. Continuous ef-forts are being made to improve thethermal resistance by modificationwith suitable synthetic resins. As aresult, a baking-type high thermalresistant insulating varnish has beendeveloped based on shellac, a syn-thetic resin and common solvents:modified lac films possess, flexibil-ity and thermal resistance up to 200-22OoC, besides adequate dielectricproperties.

Aleuritic acid is one of the constitu-ent acids of lac resin and can be iso-lated adopting simple procedure. Ithas been found that this compoundcan be used as starting material forthe synthesis of many costly com-pounds of economic value. The proc-ess for isolation of aleurtic acid. fromfresh and old samples of seedlac andkiri (a by-product of lac industry),has been optimised.

Use of insecticides, in general, is be-ing discouraged to minimize the en-vironmental pollution. One of the al-ternative systems of pest manage-ment is application of sex

lLKl Annual KeeorL 1997-98

pheromones for monitoring andcontrol. Two such compounds, (Z)-9-hexa-decen-1-ol and its acetate.present as sex pheromone compo-nents of lepidopterous pests havebeen synthesized from erythro-aleuritic acid.

A thorough understanding of physi-cal properties such as melting prop-erties is helpful in product formula-tion and evaluation. The lac exhib-its unique melting behaviour. Themelting profile of lac using differ-ential scanning calorimetry wasstudied.which revealed that lac melt-ing is a two-step process; this canalso be used for detecting the pres-ence of waxin lac samples. The studyhas also confirmed that lac is nottruly a thermosetting resin.

Ber is one of the major hosts of lacand can be successfully used for rais-ing kusmi lac crop which fetcheshigher price in the market. It hasbeen found that for raising rainyseason kusmi lac crop on ber , in-oculation during monsoon periodresults in maximum larval densityof settlement and minimum mortal-ity.

After repeated field trials, cultiva-tion practices for raising rangeenilac crops have been modified tomaximize broodlac and sticklacyields on palas and ber, for exploit-ing these hosts separately.

o Biological control measures for pestmanagement have received greaterattention because they are ecologi-cally safe. There is ample scope forusing parasitoids for the control ofthe lepidopterous pests of lac in-sects. In this direction, five poten-tial egg parasitoids have been iden-tified for the biological control of thelepidopterous lac predators, whichcause considerable damage to laccrops.

o Lac insect stocks were collected fromdifferent hosts occuring in agro-cli-matic regions 2 and 5. They includedsix recorded species of lac insect andfour, differing from hitherto re-corded species.

Linkages

In order to widen the education,research and extension base of lac, anMoU was signed between BirsaAgricultural University, Kanke and theinstitute for mutual co-operation invarious areas of their activities. Thisincludes incorporation of lac cultureand industrial aspects in the academiccurriculum of B.Sc. (Ag) course of theuniversity. The experts of the institutewill be involved in the academicprogramme.

Infrastructure development

The ARIS Cell of the institute wasinaugurated by Mr Pralay Talukdar,

lLKl Annual Revort l?97'96

Minister-in-charge for Small Scale andCottage Industries, West Bengal. Thiscell serves as a valuable means for fastcommunication and informationaccess through VSAT.

Publicity

A sale counter of lac-basedproducts has been opened at theinstitute. This counter will be usefulin popularizing and promotion ofvarious lac-based products developedby the institute, thereby paving wayto increased utilization of lac. Theinstitute also brought out twelvepublications which included a book,"Proceedings of the national seminar

on Lac Industry- Challenges andSolutions."

Perspective Plan

This year also saw extensivedeliberations to finalise the blueprintof the future activities of the institute.The perspective plan for 25 years, theVision 2O2O, which was the outcome ofseveral brainstorming sessions and in-depth analyses, at various levels, was

released. The quinquennial reviewteam was also at the institute reviewingthe progress of the work of the instituteand interacting with the scientists of theinstitute to evolve the short-termresearch strategies and programmes.

lLKl Annual Keeort l?97'96

INTRODUCTION

Historical

The Indian Lac Research Institutewas established in 1925. The institutecame into existence as a result of therecommendation of a two membercommittee comprising of Mr. H.A.F.Lindsay and Mr. C.M. Harlow,appointed early in L92O by the thenGovt. of India to enquire into theconditions of the Indian lac trade andsuggest measures for all roundimprovement. The report of thecommittee was published in I92L.They had recommended, besides otheraspects, for intensive cultivation bysignificantly tested methods forsustained lac production. In view ofthis suggestion, the then lac merchantsorganised themselves into a privateregistered body, the Indian LacAssociation for research. Theassociation acquired land from theprovincial government and Institutestarted functioning under the founderDirector, Mrs. Dorothy Norris.

Initially the Institute consisted ofentomological section as the principalunit supported by a biochemicalsection. Subsequently, in 1920s aphysico-chemical section was added totake up applied research. Later, thesetwo chemical sections were combinedto form a Chemical Division. The scopeof this Institute was thus widened to

cover both the entomological andchemical aspects.

In 1930, on the recommendationsof the Royal Commission forAgriculture, the Indian Lac Cess Actwas passed by the Central Legislature.Under this Act, the Government ofIndia constituted the indian Lac CessCommittee which took over theInstitute from "Lac association" in193 1.

After the second world war. theFirst and Second Review Committeesset-up in 1951 and 1956, formed broadresearch programmes with equalemphasis on fundamental and appliedresearch. During the period, fourResearch Field Research Stations wereset-up at Jhalda (W.8.) Damoh, Umaria(M.P.) and Mirzapur (U.P) to take upregional problems. Later, RegionalTesting Laboratories were alsoestablished to support lacmanufacturers for quality control ofdifferent types of lac manufactured bythem. These were set-up at Gondia(Maharastra), Jhalda (w.B.) in 1959, atBalrampur (W.8.) and Daltonganj(Bihar) in 1961 and at Namkum (Bihar)in L967.

Indian Council of AgriculturalResearch (ICAR) took over theAdministrative Control of the Instituteon lst Aoril 1966. with the abolition

lLKl Annual Keeort 1997-96

of the Lac Cess committee on this day.The Institute was strengthened andreorganised in December I971 basedon the recommendation of SheshadriCommittee, into five Divisions viz.,Chemistry, Entomology, Agronomy &Plant Genetics, Technology andExtension.

The Institute

The ILRI is situated in the peacefulsuburbs, nine kilometer east of Ranchitown, on the Ranchi-TatanagarHighway,at an altitude of about 650mabove sea level and between 23'23' Nlatitude and 85'23'E longitude. Thesoils of the Institute are developed ongranite gneiss showing advance stageof weathering. The soil of theplantation region is lateritic type. Thetotal estate of the Institute at Namkumincluding experimental plantation(about 35 ha) covers an area of 49ha. The area has ecologically mildsalubrious climate, the temperaturevarying between 26'C ( lowestminimum 8.8'C) in December to 43oC(lowest minimum 20'C) in May. Thetotal rainfall during the period was1629.25 mm of which the monsoonrainfall was 1389.25 mm.

The Present Status

The institute has responded to theopening-up of economic policy &globalisation of industries andagricultural entreprises of the country

as well as structural and functionalreorganisation of ICAR. The Institutealso has undergone a structuralchange and the priorities have beenredefined. The erstwhile Divisions andsections have been abolished and thescientific manpower has now beendivided into three divisions, vtz., LacProduction, Lac Processing andProduct Development and Transfer ofTechnology. The institute runs threeRegional Field Research Stations atM.P, W.Bengal and Orissa. Foroutstation experiments, areas andtrees have been taken on long termlease. Infrastructure development inboth physical and manpower has beeninitiated in a big way. A cell forAgricultural Research InformationSystem (ARIS Cell) has been setup toprovide the scientists access to theSuper-Information Highway forcommunication and informationretrieval.

Since its inception, the Institutehas played significant role in causingawareness among the tribals about thebenefit of scientific methods of laccultivation. The institute haspersistently endeavoured to boost,optimise and dissemination ofappropriate technologies for scientificmethods of lac cultivation and offerspackages and practices for all majorlac hosts. The Institute has beendisseminating these technologies tothe growers belonging to weakersections, who cultivate lac in an area

lLKl Annual Keeort lQ?7- 26

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

95

90

8

80

70

Meteorological data (Namkum)

April May June J u ly

lLKl Annual Keeort 1997'98

encompassing about 80,000 sq.km.covering the states of Bihar, WestBengal, UP, M.P. and Orissa.

The industrial aspects have alsonot been overlooked. The Institute hasalways polarised its scientificmanpower into the changing demandof the consumer industries. A numberof products and processes have beendeveloped. Previously the technologiesused to be transferred free of cost tothe interested, on request. Now a

nominal fee is charged for the transferof these technologies with the objectiveof meeting the target set for resourcegeneration by the Council. TheInstitute has attained internationalrecognition for its contribution incultivation and utilisation aspects of lac.

The mandate of the Institute are :

o To develop lac culture technologies,adopting existing or geneticallyimproved lac insect and lac hosts

o To develop lac processing tech-niques for the industry

o To conduct researches for diversi-fication of lac utilisation leading topilot plant demonstration

o To transfer the technologies tofarmers and entrepreneurs

o To act as a repository of informa-tion on lac production, processingand utilisation

For Regional Field Research Stations:

o To test the developed lac cultivation

technologies under different agro-climatic conditions

o Brood lac production and exploita-tion of regional hosts

o Training to farmers for boosting lacproduction in agro-forestry system

o Entrepreneur awareness programmeon regional basis

Organisational set-up

The Institute is headed by aDirector. The scientific manpower isdeplolyed under three Divisions : (1)Lac Production (2) Lac Processing andProduct Development and (3) Transferof Technology.

Located in the main campus are :

The Divisions of Lac Production, LacProcessing & Product Development andTransfer of Technology, theAdministrative, Finance & Accounts. theLibrary, the Director's Cell, ARIS Cel-,and the Mechanical Section, besides theDispensary and residential quarters.Adjoining this, is a small campushousing the Processing laboratory andstaff quarters. The institute hasplaygrounds in both the campuses.

The Administrative wingcomprises of Diree tor's Office,Administrative section, Purchasesection, Finance and Accounts seetionand Central stores. The teehniealsupport is provided by the followingsections : Library, Director's Cell, ARIScell, Farm unit and Maintenanee &

lLKl Annual Keport 1997-26

ORGANISATIONAL SET.UP OF ILRI

I R.F.R.S., DHARAMJAIGARHt R.F.R.S.. WEST BENGALt R.F.R.S.. ORISSA

I FARMMANAGEMENTO DIRECTOR'S CELL. ARIS CELLI QUALITY CONTROLI MAINTENANCE &WORKSHOP. ART-CIJM-PHOTOGRAPFry

AI.DflLIARYt SECIruTY & ESTATE

MAINTENANCE. MEDICATO TRANSPORT

lLKl Annual KeporL l9?7-96

Workshop. The Auxiliary units are :

Hindi Cell, Security, Medical and EstateMaintenance services.

StaffThe Institute has a sanctioned

strength of 56 scientific, 83 technical,51 administrative and 110 supportinggrade posts.

Budget

During 1997-98, the non-planexpenditure was Rs. 83.43 lakhs,against a budget estimate of Rs. 70.0lakhs, the plan expenditure was Rs.

342.60lakhs against a budget estimateof Rs. 205 lakhs. The detailed figuresare shown in the table.

Budget of l[Rl during 1997-98

Head of accounts BE(Rs. lakhs)

RE Actual expenditure(Rs lakhs) (Rs lakhs)

PlanEstablishment charges

Wages

OTA

T.A.

Other charges including

Equipments

Works

10.00 12.50

1.00

3s.00

24.OO

t.25

37.00

34.00

r?.77

1.01

36.09

33.s6

Total 70.00 84.7 5 83.43

Non-planEstablishment charges

Wages

OTA

T.A.

Other charges including

Equipments

190.00

0.0s

1.50

13.3 5

2r4.00

0.0s

2.50

35.45

206.68

0.0s

r.77

34.TT

Totai 20s.00 252.oo 242.5L


RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTSLac Production

Improvements in laccultivation techniquesCultivation schedules forgrowing kusmi and rangeenicrops on akashmani

The project was taken up to examinethe potentiality of akashmani (Acaciaauriculaeformis) for rangeeni andkusmi lac crops, individually or inalternation with the conventionalhosts, for supplementing lacproduction. The study includedfinding out (i) lac potentiality andsuitable pruning schedule, (ii)optimum brood requirement formaximising lac yield, (iii) performanceof brood from crops raised eithercontinuously on akashmani or fromconventional hosts, kusum, palas, andber and (iv) finally evolving a suitablecultivation schedule based on theabove findings.

Lac Potential

Field trials were conducted in RBD

during I99O-92 for assessing thepotentiality of akashmani for raisingkusmi and rangeeni crops by usingdifferent brood rates to raise rainyseason crops, viz., katki and aghaniand summer season crops, viz.,baisakhi and jethwi.Yield obtained per

tree was recorded after harvesting ofthe crop. Yield ratios in terms of broodlac used and obtained as well as

scraped lac of brood lac used and totalscraped lac obtained were calculated.Results presented in Fig. 1 show thatyields during summer season crops,i.e., jethwi and baisakhj were foundbelow the level of input used in termsof brood and scraped lac, indicatingthat akashmani is a good host forraising rainy season (katki) and rainyseason-cum- winter (aghani) crops,and not a profitable host for raisingonly summer season crop. It can beused as an alternative host along withconventional hosts, viz., kusum andpalas for augmenting kusmi as well as

rangeeni lac production.

Pruning Time and Technique

For determination of appropriatemethod and time of pruning, twomethods of pruning, i.e., apical (lightand heavy) and basal (heavy) orpollarding were tried during differentmonths of the years 1990-93. Pruningoperations were done duringDecember, January, February, March,April, July and October. Total numberof buds which appeared after pruningas well as total number of shootssprouting from the buds were counted.Length of primary, secondary and

lLKl Annual Keaort 1997'28

tertiary shoots was also measured.

Results show that akashmaniresponded excellently to light as wellas heavy methods of pruning. Suitablemonths for pruning were found to beJanuary, February and July matchingwell with kusmi cycle and Decemberfollowed by Juty and October whichmatch with the rangeeni crop cycle(Table 1).

Optimum Brood Rate and Age of Shootfor Crop Inoculation

For determination of optimumbrood rate and age of shoot for cropinoculation. field trials were conductedduring I99L- 95 on 5,L2,L8and24-month-old shoots at different broodrates ranging from 10-30g,zmetre shootlength for raising kusmi (aghani andjethwi) as well as rangeeni (katki andbaisakhi) crops.

Biological parameters, viz.,density of larval settlement, sex ratio,fecundity and yield per tree as well asindustrial parameters, viz., colourindex, life, flow, wax content, bleachindex and yield were recorded.Negligible lac yield/tree was obtainedfrom 6-month-old shoots.

Results on yield of rainy seasoncrops are presented in Table 2. Bestyields were obtained from 18-month-old shoots. The ratios of brood tobrood yield (lac stick) and brood tototal yield (in terms of scraped lac)were higher at brood rate of 1O-159/metre shoot length for all ages of shoot.

Field trial for Alternation of Brood Lac

The kusmi and rangeeni broodlacs obtained from akashmani wereinoculated on akashmani (A x A) andon conventional hosts kusum and palas(A x K and A x P) of similar inoculablearea at similar brood rates. Similarlybrood lac of conventional hosts viz.,kusum and palas were inoculated onakashmani (K x A and P x A) as well ason the same hosts (K x K and P x P) forcomparing the performance ofalternation of brood lac. Experimentswere conducted for four years (I99?-93 to 1995-95). Average of 4 years'results has been presented in Fig 2.

Further, alternation of brood lacfrom akashmani to conventional hostsviz. palas and kusum and vice-versawas found successful, whereascontinuous use of akashmani broodlacon akashmaniledto a gradual decreasein yield in successive years. Yields werehigher during first alternation year onconventional hosts. But continuationof the same brood led to gradualdecline in yield.

Cultivation Techniques forAkashmani in Alternation with Kusumor Palas.

Field trials were conducted during1995-96 and 1996-97 to evolve asuitable cultivation schedules forakashmani in alternation withconventional host kusum for raisingkusmi crops and palas for raisingrangeeni crops.

lLKl Annual Keoort l?97-QB

Table 1 Response of different months pruning on akashmani

Treatments

(Pruning time)

Parameter

No. of buds y0 mortality No. of sprouted

of buds. shoots

Mean No. of Mean Shoot

prunedpoints length/pruned

per tree. point (m)

7o mortality

of shoots

December

January

February

March

April

May

July

October

137.3

r45.7

r49.4

128.6

119.8

108.7

157.7

129.5

303.3

379.4

384.8

272.6

747.5

1U/.b

403.7

282.7

t4.6

r0.2

8.3

31.3

49.6

57.6

/.b

19.7

t6.4

13.3

9.4

79.6

3 8.7

48.9

6.3

t2.7

5.4

5.0

6.7

3.9

2.9

?.4

5.4

5.3

7.3

7.6

8.3

6.9

6.4

6.6

7.2

6.8

Fig. 1 Yield ratios (Total scraped lac yield/scraped lac from brood used *) of various cropsraised on akashmani

SUMMER CROPS RAINY SEASON CROPS

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

u-5

Q.4

0.3

a.o

'a'aoo

4

35

3

2-5-

o25g 10 t5 20 25 30 5 '1 0 tc 20 25 30

Mean of I99O, l99I & L992 crops per unit inoculable shoot length

lLKl Annual Keport l?27'?8

Table 2 Average yield of lac during katki and aghani crops season on akashmani.

Treatments Age of(brood rate shootsg/m (months)shoot)

Brood used (g) Yield obrained (g)Brood lac Scraped Brood lac Rejected Totalsticks lac sticks lac sticks Scraped lac

Yield ratioBrood lac Total scraped lacyield/Brood yield/Scrapedlaclac used from brood used

10

l5

20

25

30

l015

70

25

30

10

15

20

25

30

2.20

2.4s

2.11

1./)

r.64

3.31

3.41

3.24

2.54

2.36

2.s0

2.s 8

2.52

r.94

1.61

2.0

2.26

1.81

2.42

r.41

2.84

t.59

2.91

2.22

2.04

1.97

1.01

1.91

I.79

r.42

12

18

24

533.3 120.01

8s0.0 188.3

1015.6 213.3

1350.0 28.3

1s83.3 33.3

533.3 118.3

800.0 16s.0

1016.6 223.3

13s0.6 286.6

1583.3 326.6

s33.3 123.3

800.0 t66.6

1016.6 223.3

13s0.3 276.6

rs83.3 326.6

Katki

1176.6 45.0

2090.0 4s0.0

2153.3 4t6.6

2370.0 s 16.6

2600.0 633.3

1770.0 3s0.0

2733.3 400.0

3302.6 383.3

3433.3 496.6

37s0.0 486.6

1333.3 383.3

2070.0 383.3

2s6s.0 400.0

2623.3 700.0

2563.3 6s0.0

240.0r

426.6

3 86.5

403.3

470.0

336.6

428.3

6s0.0

636.6

666.5

243.3

335.0

426.5

496.6

466.6

10

15

20

25

30

10

15

20

25

30

10

15

20

25

30

2.83

2.60

2.75

2.30

r.96

3.s2

3.30

3.32

2.77

I.J I

2.70

2.57

2.72

2.28

1.85

2.81

1.+O

2.81

1.93

1.s3

3.15

3.04

3.04

2.3 5

2.36

r.d)

1..96

2.25

7.97

1.68

12

t8

24

400 118.3

600 180

800 230

1000 28s

1200 333.3

s33.3 138.3

800.0 203.3

1066.3 276.6

1333.3 340.0

1000 390.0

s66.6 148.3

800.0 213.3

1066.6 283.3

1333.3 340.0

1600 386.6

Aghani

1133.3 300.0

1s63.6 386.6

2202.0 446.5

2306.6 s00.0

2360.0 276.6

1880.0 383.3

2640.0 s20.0

3550.0 550.1

3693.3 580.0

4726.6 653.3

1s30.0 383.3

2060.0 s70.0

2908.3 623.3

3043.3 580.0

2965.6 716.6

333.3

443.3

646.6

552.5

510.0

436.5

618.3

843.3

800.0

923.3

275

420

640

670

653.3

Mean of 199f-92, 1992-93, 1993-94.

Four-coupe lac cultivationtechnique was followed for both kusmiand rangeeni strain crops. Akashmanitrees were divided into 4 coupes, i.e.,2 coupe each for raising aghani andkatki crops; kusum and palas trees,with similar inoculable area asakashmanj were similarly divided into2 coupes each for raising jethwi andbaisakhi_crops. The yield results havebeen surirmarized in Table 3.

Table 3 Yield of lac crops (rangeeniandkusmr) on akashmani andconv€ntional hosts, in alternation.

Treatment Yield ratioBrood lac Scraped lac

Obtained,/ YieldUsed obtained,i

From broodused

Kusmi crops

Kx A (Aghani) *

AxK(.lethwi) **

Rangeeni cropsP x A (Katki)#

AxP (Baisakhi\ ##

* Mean of aghani9S-96 and96-97.** Mean of jethwi 96 & 97

# Mean of katki96 &97.

## Baisakhi95-96 and96-97.

The results show that the yieldratio is higher during rainy and rainy-cum-winter season crops incomparison to summer season crops,on this host. Operational scheduledeveloped for kusmi and rangeenilacproduction on akashmanj inalternation with kusum and palas}rasbeen depicted in Tables 4 and 5.


Fig. 2 Yield ratios of lac crops raised byalternation of brood lac betweenkusum or palas and akashmani (Meanof four years, 1992-93 -1995-96)

Thus, the conventional hostindicating that conventional hostspalas and kusum are suitable forbaisakhi and jethwi crops whereasakashmani is a suitable host only forrainy (katki) and rainy-cum-winterseason crop (aghani) in alternation.

tr The above studyhas been conclued,The report incorporates summary offindings.

7.3

2.62.t7?.57

2.35

2.91

)A

3.1

Kusmi crop

Rangeeni crop

45

4

35

3

25

2

lLKl Annual Keoort 1997'96

Table 4 Schedule for kusmi lac production on akaslmaniir. alternation with kusum

Akashmani Kusum

Operations

Plant density/haCoupe

Tress/Coupe

640 16

ABCD320 320

Pruning

Inoculation

Complete harvesting

JanlFeb.( 1st Yr.)

June/July(2nd yr.)

Jan,/Feb.(3rd yr.)(To-C)

JanlFeb(2nd yr.)

June/July(3rd yr.)

Jan,/Feb.(4th yr.)(To-D)

June/July(1st yr.)

JanlFeb.(2nd yr,)

June/July(2nd yr.)

(To-A)

June/July(2nd yr.)

JanlFeb.(3rd yr.)

June,iJuly(3rd yr.)

(To-B)

Integrated pest management schedule to be followed.

Expenditure./ha./annum (lnput + interest)

Income/ha,/annu'm

Profit/ha

Capital growth

Table 5 Schedule f.or rangeeni lac production

Rs. 22,770

Rs. 65,900

Rs. 43,130

289Vo

ot akashmani in alternation with palas

Akashmani640

Kusumlb

0perations

Plant density/haCoupe

Tress/Coupe 320320

Pruning

Inoculation

Complete harvesting

Oct./Nov.(1st yr.)

Oct./Nov.April(2nd yr.)(2nd yr.)

June{uly June/July(3rd yr.) (4th yr.)

Oct,/Nov. Oct/Nov.(3rd yr.) (4th yr.)(To-D) (To-C)

April(3rd yr.)

Oct/Nov. Oct/Nov.(2nd yr.) (3rd yr.)

June/July June/July(3rd yr.) (4th yr.)(To-A) (To-B)

Integrated pest management schedule to be followed.

Expenditure,/halannum (lnput + interest)

Income/halannum

Profit/ha

Capital groMh

Rs. 16,170

Rs. 38,000

Rs. 21,830

23s%

Management practices forkusmi lac production on ber

Proper Time for Kusmi GropInoculation:

Aghani and jethwi cropinoculations were made. on 12 treeseach of ber, during different times asgiven below:

Aghani 1997 II week of June, IVweek of June and IV week of July.

Jethwi 1998II week of November,III week of December and III week ofFebruary.

The trees had been pruned in thepreceding May.

Emerging brood lac were used forinoculation. Corresponding inocu-lations were made on same number ofkusum trees as well.

Observations on the density oflarval settlement and percentmortality, scored by destructivesampling method have been presentedin Fig. 3.

Effect of Nitrogen and Brood Rates onYield Parameters of Ber :

An experiment was carried out inRBD with four replications. Thetreatments consisted of eight rates ofbrood lac with four doses of nitrogen(0, 200, 4OOgper plant) applied to soilas urea and as foliar spray of Lo/o urea.The urea was applied in two equalsplits during pre, and post, monsoon

lLKl Annual KeeorL \QQT'?8

periods. Length of three shootsrandomly marked from each plantwere measured before and one monthafter split application. The results,presented in Table 6, reveal thatincrease in shoot length was rapid afterI split as compared to the II split. Theresponse was highest at the highestdose. This may be ascribed to thecoincidence of growth period andbetter uptake, after the I split.

Fig 3 Larval settlement density and mortalityin relation to inoculation time

^ 2s0E

{ 200oz_

.a 150

o! .

^^

eG

(oneset of (duringmonson monsoon

s

oEo


Table 6 Effect of different doses of nitrogenon shoot length of. ber

Treatment Percent increase in shoot lensth

AfterI split II split

brood rates ranging from 5-259 permetre shoot length. A brood rate of 59per metre shoot length was the bestfor maximization of yield (Fig. a).

Optimum brood requirement for rainyseason crop

The lac crop was raised under broodrates ranging fom 10-309. It was foundthat 15g /m shoot length optimum.

Rangeeni brood and sticklacproduction on ber

Optimum Brood Requirement

Different field trials were carried outin RBD as per the technical programme(Ann. Rep. 7994-95) for the summer(baisakhi), summer-cum-rainy season(baisakhi-cum-katki) and rainyseason (katki) crops on ber. Theresults have been summarised belowand in Table 6.

Crop season Brood rate tried Best brood rate(g/m shoot length) (g/m shoot length)

Initial

Urea 4009

Urea 2009

Urea 1%o sol.

Control

3 5.20

27.10

24.89

27.t0

9.64

74.60

47.43

59.64

2 5.01

18.71

83.79

s3.46

61.93

27.t0

22.24

Rangeeni brood and sticklacproduction on palas

Separate experiments were carried outas per the technical programme (Ann.Rep. 1994-95) for the summer(b ais akhi ), summer-cum-rainy season(baisakhi-cum-katki ) and rainy season(katki) crops on palas.

Optimum brood requirement forsummer crop( baisakhi 1995-97)

Two different experiments werecontinued as per the technicalprogramme mentioned in Ann. Rep.1995-97.

Results of the first experimentshowed that a brood rate of 15g permetre shoot length is optimum (Fig. a).The second trial showed that twosprays of Thiodan + BHC (0.05% each)was highly effective for both brood andsticklac production (Fig. 5).

Optimum brood requirement forSummer-cum-rainy season crop

The crop was raised in Oct. 1996 under

Pest Control Schedule

Field trials were conducted in RBDusing 10-15 g brood rate. The crop wasraised in Oct. 96 and harvested in Jul.97. The yield per 50m shoot lengthwascomouted.

Summer Ari

Summer-cum-

rainy season

Rainy season

10-40

5-20

10-30

20-25

5

10


Fig. 4 Yield parameters (per 50m shoot length) of different lac crops on palas

Scraped lac yield (kg)

0

0.

0

0.

0

06

04

02

4

10 15 20 25 30

Brood rate (g/m)5 10 15 20 25

Brood rate (g/m)

'r0 15 20 25 30

Brood rate (g/m)

Yield ratio : brood obtained/brood used

7

2

1

15

I

05

r0 15 20 2s 30Brood rate (g/m)

5 10 15 20 25Brood rate (g/m)

10 15 20 25 30Brood rate (g/m)

Yield ratio : Total scraped lac yield/scraped lac of brood used

10 15 20 25 30

Brood rate (g/m) -

Baisakhi 1996-97 B ai s a kh i- ctm- K a tki | 9 9 6 -97 Katki 1996-97

Fig.5 Yield parameters of rangeenicropsschedules

Scraped tac yield (kg)

on Palas and Ber under different pest control


o4

0

0

070

0504

0302

0l0

2 sprays No spray 2 sprays No spray

Yield ratio : brood obtained/brood used

I spray 2 sprays No spray

Yield ratio : brood obtainecl/brood used

6

5

3

2

1

0I spray 2 sprays No spray

Yield ratio :{otal scraped lac yield/scraped lac of brood used

12

10

8

6

4

2

0'| spray 2 sprays No spray

Yield ratio : total scraped lac yield/scraped lac of brood used

5

3

2

1

01 spray 2 sprays No spray

Baisakhi 1995-97 on Palas Baisakhi 1996-97 & Katki i.997 on Ber


Fig. 6 Yield parameters (per 50m shoot lengthl of. rangeenilac crops on ber


07

06

0

0

03

02

01

Brood rate (g/m)


06

05

0

03

0

0


Yield ratio : ari lac yield/brood used

25 30

Yield ratio : brood obtained/ brood used

5

45

4

35

3

25

2

t.5

I

0.5

0

rield ratio : brood obtained/brood used

Yield ratio : total scraped lac yield/scraped lac of brood used

Brood rate (g/m)

Yield ratio : tolal scraped lac yiescraped lac of brood used

Brood rate (g/m)

Baisakhi 1996-97 B ai s a kh i-cum- k a tki 19 9 6-97 Katki 1997

lLKl Annual Keaort 1997-98

The rainy season (kakti 1997)cropwas raised at LO-lSg/m brood rate. Thebrood was treated with Thiodan(0.05%) except in control. Trapcropping was done by inoculation of| / 3rd trees heavily ( 5 0glm).Combined spraying of Thiodan andBHC (0.05o/o each)/ The insecticidalspray was done during Aug. and Sep.

The lac yields were computed per 50gshoot length. The results showed thattwo-sprays of insecticide Thiodan -r

BHC (0.05% each) gave best yields(Fig. s).

Lac productivity rating ofdifferent lac insects ondifferent hosts

Lac insect stocks were collected fromdifferent hosts of sub-humid to humidsouth-eastern upland (region 5) andhumid Bengal and Assam basin(region 2) as given below:

Host No. of stocks

Palas

Ber

Kusum

Rain tree

Lagerstromia

4

1

9

4

1

The stocks were numbered usingfour-digit coding developed for thispurpose. The first digit indicates agro-ecological region (ICAR), the seconddigit the host species from which the

stock has been collected and theremaining digits, the insect.

The stocks were characterized byI) body width, length and volume, ii)morphology of females and iii)sticklacproduction per shoot length at the place

of occurrence. The productivity{inkedtraits of eight stocks were evaluatedduring the rainy season on Flemingiamacrophylla (Table 7). A highlysignificant positive correlation wasfound between cell weight and lifeperiod, cell weight and diameter ofcell, fecundity and diameter of cell as

well as life period and diameter of cell(Table 8).

Performance of lac insect stockswere also compared for density oflarval settlement and initial mortalityof nymphs on F. macrophylla. Nocorrelation between the two traits wasfound. The genetic co-efficient ofvariance and heritability in case of theformer was estimated to be 16.33 o/o

and 85 o/o whereas in case of the latterit was 18.27 o/o and 3 1 .8 6 o/o

respectively, suggesting independentgenetic control of the wo productivitylinked biological attributes of theseinsects (Table 9).

The stocks collected so far werefound to include Kerria lacca, K.ebranchiata, K. albizzae, K .fici,K..nagoliensis, and K.chinensis. Atleastfour stocks appear to be distinctlydifferent from hitherto recordedspecies of Kerria.

Table 7 Mean and correlation coefficient betweenattributes of female lac insects

lLRl Annual Reaort 1997-?6

various productivity linked biological

Characters Mean Range

Cell weight

Fecundity

Life period

Diameter

13.6 mg.

413.4 nos.

127.0 days

4.16 mm

6-36 mg,

110-902 nos.

7t4-179 days

3.10-5.48 mm

Correlation coefficentCharacter set Fecunditv Life Period Diameter

Cell Weight

Fecundity

Life period

0.09 0.81**

0.18

0.5 5**

0.3 5**

0.34**** Significant at 1ol0.

Table 8 Comparativeproductivity

performance of lac insect stocks with respect to differentlinked attributes.

Acc.No. Locality Host MLP*

in days

Fecundity Cell Wt. RSP**

in mg. mg./day

LR-5351 Madanpur Schleichera 144.00

Madhya Pradesh oleosa

LR-5722 Rairangpur, Samanea 177.16Orissa saman

LR- 5101 Namkum. Bihar Butea 124.54

monosperma

LR-5701 Ranchi, Bihar Samanea 117.44

saman

LR-5361 Sundargarh Schleichera 162.04

Orissa oleosa

LR- 5331 Sarat Schleichera 115.14

Orissa oleosa

LR-27 6l Amarsi Samanea 116.00

West Bengal saman

tR- 5121 Balrampur Butea 118.38' West Bengal monosperma

S.Em, + 5.11

C.D. at 5olo 14.75

C.D. at 7Vo 19.90

Genetic coefficient of variance. 13.43

Heritability in broad sense ( h2 ) 82.9404

23.23

22.76

L7.97

20.53

18.14

77.04

21.10

19.95

0.69

1.99

2.70

10.73

65.95o/o

19.20

12.0s

9.3 s

11.35

25.90

9.0s

11.75

9.05

0.82

2.36

3.18

44.0r

91.36

0.1 34

0.103

0.077

0.086

0.146

0.078

0.101

0.076

0.008

0.024

0.033

2 5.159

61.384

* Mean life period ; * * Rate of sticklac production

lLKl Annual 1997-q6

Table 9 : Mean density of settlenent and percent initial mortality of young nymphs invarious stocks of lac insects

Acc.No. Locality Host Mean Density of Mean Initial Percent

settlement (No.) Mortality

LR-5701

LR-5131

LR-5902

LR-5722

LR- 5101

rR- 5631

LR- 5121

LR-s351

Ranchi, Bihar

Silli, Bihar

Jamshed pur,

Bihar

Rairangpuq

Orissa

Namkum, Bihar

Hata, Bihar

Balrampur,

West Bengal

Madanpur

Madhya Pradesh

Samanea saman

Butea monosperma

Lagestromea sp.

Samanea saman

Buiea monosperma

Hbizzia lebbeck

Butea monosperma

Schleichera oleosa

57.00(7.60)

88.00(e.42)

93.75

(9.77)

108.00

(10.44l.

99.75

(e.ee)

116.00

(10.81)

75.00(8.6e)

175.00

(73.27)

0.33

6.60

0.97

7..32

L6.33Vo

8s.96%

17.50

(24.rr)

18.25

(2s. l s)

31.36(33.8e)

42.80(40.89)

72.94

(20.s6)

32.00(33.ss)

31.00(33.68)

36.s0(37.09)

4.16

26.73

12.20

15.60

18.27%

31.86%

S.Em. +

C.V.

C.D. at 5%o

'C.D. at 7Vo

Genetic co-efficient of variance

h2 (Heretability in broad sense)

Only eight stocks were inoculatedon seven hosts, under RBD, forstudying their preference andperformance.

Management of pestsof lac insects and

host plantsScreening of pesticidesagainst lac insect

The following insecticides,/fungicidewere screened for their effect in aboutone-month-old rangeeni lac insects onpotted bhalia plants, during the rainyseason generation:

Starthene (Acephate 75lo s.p.) 0.00625--0.1%

Amrutguard 0.625-10.0 mlllOvis (fungicide) 0.125-2g/l


Five concentrations of each of thepesticides were tried.

Ovis was found safe to the lacinsect at all concentrations. All theconcentrations of Starthene and thetwo highest concentrations ofAmrutguard resulted in significantlyhigher lac insect mortality. Thepredator population and the lac yieldper metre, scored at crop maturity,were not significantly different amongvarious treatments.

Monitoring of pests of lacinsects and host plants

Eggs of Tessaratoma javanica, a pest oflac host kusum, were collected duringthe severe infestation period, fromrandomly marked trees. Of them only25 .3o/o hatched, whereas 12.5o/o

Trivoltine lac insect on the rain tree ( Samanea saman\


remained unhatched and 62.10/o werefound to be parasitized. The parasitoidshave been collected and being .

identified.

Laboratory screening of eggparasitoids against lepidop-terous lac predators

Five egg parasitoids obtained fromNCBC, Bangalore namely,Tricho gramma brasiliensis, T. chilonis,Trichogrammatoidea bactrae, T.pretiosum and Telenomus remus werescreened, for the first time, againsteggs of the major lac predators,Eublemma amabilis andPseudohypatopa pulverea. The resultshave been presented in Table 10.

Eublemma amabilis: Maximumparasitisation was recorded with T.brasiliensis. No significant differencein the mean per cent egg damaged andcorrected inhibition of egg hatchingwas observed among the treatments.Mean percent emergence of parasitoidshas been significantly higher in caseof T. brasiliensis. Thus, T. brasiliensis,T. pretiosum and T. chilonis appear tohold promise for the control of thispredator.

P'seudohypatopa pulverea:Maximum parasitization was observedin the case of T. brasiliensis whereasoverall percent inhibition of egghatching was with T. pretiosum. It is

interesting to note that all the fivetested parasitoids parasitised the eggsof this predator and completed theirfull life cycle. Thus, all the fiveparasitoids have been found to holdpotential for biological control of thispredator.

Rearing of beneficialparasitoids

Larvae of P. pulverea were reared onartificial diet. The II and III instarlarvae of the predator could besuccessfully parasitized byPristomerus su/ci, under laboratorycondition, for the first time. Thelongevity of the emerging adultsvaried from 40 to 50 days. thistechnique can be used for rearinqP.sulci in the laboratory.

Effect of parasitization onfecundity and resinproduction in lac insect

Mature lac insect females werecollected randomly from lac crops onpalas and kusum, under fieldconditions. The cells were grouped inunparasitized and parasited and someof the economic parameters of theseinsects were studied. The results (Table11) show a marginal reduction in theresin production (-L6o/o) and majorreduction (-30%o) in the fecundity dueto parasitiz tion.


Table 10 Evaluation of egg parasitoids against Eublemma amabilis ar.d Pseudohypatopapulverea eggs.

Parasitoid Mean Percent

Overall Emmergence

inhibition of of adultegg hatching parasitoids

Parasiti-

sation

Eggs

damaged

1.

Eublemma amabilis

43.7 4* 51.93

7.

J.

4

T. brasiliensis

T. chilonis

T. pretiosum

T. bactrae

Telenomus remus

(47.42)**

2r.49(26.34)

20.88

(27.r4)

20.8s(26.69)

7.73

(rs.77)

(46.07)

75.85

(61.87)

64.21

(s3.67)

/ J.Jf

(s9.26)

80.09(53.80)

95.67(79.9r)

97.34(82.16)

85.1 5

(70.81)

94.40

(76.29)

87.82(69.82)

16.09

9.6r(13.2s)

14.72

(19.82)

0.00(0.s7)

0.00(0.s7)

S. Em. tC. D. at 5/o

3.47

1U.b /

NS.N.S 4.37

18.83

Pseudohypatopa pulverea

1. T. brasiliensis

T. chilonis

T. pretiosum

T. bactrae

Telenomus remus

5 6.73*(48.89)**

35.20(36.0s)

46.t0(42.37)

34.70

(3s.71)

t7.56(18.36)

14.55

( 19.s7)

9.00(12.13 )

3s.89(36.46)

16.59

(17.8s)

9.08

(1s.28)

7I.28(s7.8s )

44.20(4r.34)

81.99

(7r.96)

51.29(4s.66)

26.64(30.19)

66.04(s4.78)

72.85

(s8.62)

75.00(63.7s)

51.25(42.2s)

43.7 5

(37.79)

3.

5

S. Em. tC. D. at 570

N. S. N. S. b./)

20.76

NS.

Data subjected to treatment : Arc. Sine percentage.

Figures in parentheses are transformed values.


Table 11 Effect of parasitisation on fecundiry and resin production on lac inset duringrainy season crop.

Rangeeni Kusmi

Parameters Healthy

cells

Parasitised

cells

Healthy Parasitised

cells cells

Number

Diameter (mm)

Resin weight (mg)

Fecundity

59

3.07

8.8 3

4t2

27

3.05

7.45

273

9?

3.49

17.41

384

34

3.5 s

14.31

260

A device for separation ofpredators, beneficial andinimical parasitoids of lacinsect Kerria lacca Kerr

A simple device has been develoPedto separate predators, beneficial andinimical parasitoids of Indian lacinsect, Kerria lacca (Kerr) by exploitingthe size gradient and phototacticnature of adult insects. The used upbroodlac or scraped lac harbouringthese associated fauna is kept inside a

container with a separating unit fittedon, which is able to retrieve beneficialparasitoids namely Bracon greeni andApanteles tachardiae to the extent of75 and 9Oo/o, Pristomerus sulci,Brachymeria tachardiae and Agathiscoryphae to the extent of 100%,automatically into a chamber from theemerging mixed population ofpredators, inimical and beneficialparasitoids. These beneficial insectscan be released in the field to augmenttheir natural population to act as

biological control agent for checkingthe lac associated predators.

The device consists of (i) a

cylindrical opaque plastic pipe (7.0 cmlength, 7.5 cm diameter), fitted with awire net, on one side and oPen at theother end (ii) another cylindricalopaque plastic tube (chamber I) ofslightly smaller diameter which fitssmugly into the firs tube and is fittedwith a finer wire net, on one end andopen at the other (iii) a 250 mltransparent plastic container(Chamber II ) which fits into thechamber L The three components actas a unit, costing Rs 5-7 only. The unitis fitted on one side of locally availableempty plastic container of 15 kgcapacity for keeping used up broodlacor scraped lac. The total cost of thedevice including canister does notexceed Rs 50 . The size of container canbe changed depending on the quantityof used up broodlac or sticklac to bekept. Accordingly, more than one unitcan be fitted to a large container.

Since the device is made up oflocally available material, it is verycheap and easy to assemble and doesnot require any skill to operate. Thedevice may also finds its use in lighttraps used in monitoring insectpopulation for separating variousspecies of insects according to theirsize by fitting a funnel of desired. sizeon the top of the container.

Genetics andbreeding of lac hostplants and insects

Collection and Evaluation of Lac Insectand Host Germplasm

Five new lac insect stocks werecollected from Palamau district andadded to th6 existing collection.

Eight lac insect stocks werecompared for the biologicalparameters during the summer seasongeneration. The results have beenpresented in Table 12 which revealconsiderable variation in economicparameters especially fecundity andresin weight.

Plants of Euphorbia pulcherrima,a new promising lac host for rangeeni,lac were raised through stem cuttingsfor further studies.

Lac Insect -Host Plant InteractionAn experiment was laid out in a

split-plot design, with replications tostudy the genetic interaction of lacinsects with their hosts. Three hosts.

lLKl Annual Revort, lQ97-96

namely F. macrophylla and F.semialata and Z. mauritiana wereplanted as per the layout.

Induction of Polyploidy in Lac Hosts

As a part of the lac hostimprovement programme, attempt wasmade to induce polyploidy on .F.

semialata, a bushy lac host. The seedsas well as seedlings were treated withcolchicine at 0.25--1.00 percent. Thepercent reduction in survival in bothcases increased with concentration ofcolchicine and period of treatment.The plants obtained are beinsevaluated.

Breeding Superior Lac Insects

Crosses were made betweendifferent kusmi and rangeenj linesearlier. The F, and F, generations ofthese crosses did not show muchvariation for the total life period.

Ratio of crimson and yellowfemale lac insects in the families F, andF, progenies of rangeeni x kusmicrosses showed significant deviationfrom the expected ratio, towardscrimson form although the overallratio was close to the expected ratio.

Segregating progenies of creammutant and kusmi insects have beenraised for further separation ofsublines to obtain the desiredrecombinant insect. A kusmi line hasbeen obtained through selection,which matures in April andSeptember.

lLKl Annual Keport 1997'?8

Table 12 Various biological parameters of different lac insect stocks.

Lac insect stock Crop period Life(days)

Fecundity Female cell Cell Resin weight(no.) diameter weight (mg)

(mm) (mg)

Rangeeni crimson

Rangeeni crimson(inbred)

Rangeeniyellow

Meghalaya

Trivoltine

Kusmi crimson (early)

Kusml crimson (late)

(usmi Yellow

CV

C. D. at 5%

(Oct., 96 - June-July 97

Oct., 96 - Jttly,97

Sept.,96 -May,97

Oct.,96 -May,97

Oct., 96 - April 97

Dec., 96 - July, 97

Feb.-Mar., 97 - Jul.-Aug., 97

Nbv. 96 - June, 97

2s7.6 747.6

757.5 727.8

229.6 423.8

200.9 392.3

197.2 285.0

27r.6 468.1

76r.6 st6.2

20t.6 306.8

1.50 22.t8

4.r9 138.46

3.68 16.505

3.655 15.447

3.338 1s.377

3.138 70.941

2.74 8.053

3.302 13.076

3.496 1s.s28

7.9 8.8s9

s.85 20.05

0.248 3.36

13.43 8

12.808

t2.534

8.985

6.478

70.452

13.73 3

7.083

21.88

3.02

Device for separation of lac-associatedinsects

iLKl Annual Kerurt 1997-26

Prop agation andManagement of Lac

Host PlantsLac host based agro-forestrycropping model for tarn I(bari) land

This is a new experiment taken up todevelop a cropping modelincorporating lac hosts, for obtainingmaximum biomass and return withminimal inputs.

The expefiment was initiated in anarea of 0.10 ha consisting of four lachosts with different habits and rootsystems. Plants of Zizyphus mauritiana(ber), Albizzia lucida (galwang),Flemingia macrophylla (bhalia),Flemingia semialata were planted inthe boundary of the plot for lac andfire wood production. Ber and galwangwere planted 3 m apart, whereas theother two hosts, at 1.5 m spacing. Inthe crop area ( main plot), twovegetable crops, sponge gourd (Luffacylindrica) and okra ( Abelmoschusesculentus) and one cereal crop, Zea

mays were raised during monsoonseason in equal-sized plots (13.0 x 11.5m). The performance of sponge gourdwas better, with an yield of 23.5 Kg/plot ( 15.71q,2ha) followed by marzewhich yielded 22.O kg/plot (cobs)(I4.7I q/ha). Mustard has been.raisedin these two plots after harvesting ofthe above crops.

Management of akashmanifor lac cultivation

The study aims at dveloping a suitabletechnique for quick raising ofakashmani (Acacia auriculaeformis)plantation under rainfed condition.Under this, the effect of plant geometry,and coppicing coupled with fertlizerapplication, on the plant atttributes as

well as lac yields were studied

Effect of Plant Geometry and Fertilizers

The experiment was initiated in 1994.There were three plant geometries (

2.0 x 1.8, 3.O x2.7 and 4.0 x 3.6m ) inthe main plot and fertilizer levels(0+0+0, 25+50+10, 50+100+20 and75+150+30 g/plant of N+PrOr+KrO) as

sub plot treatments. A split plot designwith replications was followed.

Data collected on growthattributes (before raising of jethwi1997 lac crop) of plants raised insecond phase, the harvested biomassand the sticklac yield (jethwi 1997)have been presented in Table 13. Theplant growth attributes did not differsignificantly due to plant geometry.However, they were the best with theapplication of 50N+ 1OOPrOr+20K2O.

The lac crop (jethwi 1997) wasraised using brood lac of F. semialataand A. auriculaeformis. The larvalemergence was affected due to badweather conditions. Lac crop yield wassignificanly maximum ( 119.3 g/plant)

lLKl Annual Pq7- q6

at 3.0 x2.7m spacing and treated with75N+ 1 5OPrOr+3OK'O g/plant.

Effect of coppicing height andfertilizers

The experiment consisted of fourcoppicing treatments (no coppicing,coppicing at 30, 60 & 9O cm aboveground level) in the main plot andfertilizer treatments (0+0+0,30+4O+2O, 60+80+40 and120+160+80 g/plant of N+PrOr+KrO in

Table 13 lffect of plant spacing and fertilizerand lac yield ("ferhwi L997).

the subplots) laid out in a split-plotdesign, with four replications.

For the study of biomassproduction destructive sampling planwas adopted and dry weights of roots,main stem, twigs and leaves weredetermined. The influence of fertilizerlevels on the dry biomass and R.G.R. isdepicted in Fig. 7. The contribution ofdifferent parts to the dry biomass oftwo-year old akashmani plant has beendepicted in Fig. 8.

levels on plant growth, biomass production

Treatments Mean

plant

height(m)

Mean

basal

girth(cm)

Mean

totalshoot length

(m/plant)

Mean Mean

total canopy

inoculable spread (m)

(shoot length) N-S E-W

(m/plant)

Mean Stick lac

havested yield/plantbiomass/ (g)

(ke)

Planting spacing (m)

2.0 x 1.8

5.U X l.t

4.0 x 3.6

C. D. at 5olo

N+PrOr+KrO

0+0+025+50+10

50+100+20

75+150+30

CDat5%

2.46

2.30

2.24

NS

13.77

I 1.80

r1.92

NS

18.90

15.87

16.37

NS

9.84

8.93

9.04

NS

7.00

10.03

10.07

9.97

L29

1.81

1.90

t.79

NS

1.61

1.89

2.00

1.83

0.19

2.06

2.46

2.47

2.33

0.20

10.23

1 3.10

13.22

13.39

1.03

12.02

19.07

19.77

17.37

1.37

Fertilizer levels (g./plant)

1.84 6.87 10s.16

1.89 9.37 119.83

1.81 10.21 111.04

NS NS 10.70

1.57 6.03 84.35

t.92 8.53 121.22

t.99 10.89 119.s4

1.89 9.90 122.92

0.16 2.64 36.97

lLKl Annual Kecort 1997-26

Fig. 7 Dry matter accumulation and R.G.R. in relation to fertilizer level

8

7

o

5

4

3

2

1

0

Fig. 8 Partitioning of different plant components of two-year-old Akashmani plant

Boots (17.O%)

Main stem (35.0%) Leaves (19.0%)

Twigs (29.0%)

FO

F1

F2

F3

NPK000

30 40 20

60 80 40

120 160 80

lLKl Annual Kevort 1997'96

LAC PROCESSING AND PRODUCTDEVELOPMENT

Improvement in themethod of preparation oflac dye and aleuritic acidLac dye and aleuritic acid are the twoimportant lac based materials whichare in constant demand from theindustries. Processes of isolation ofthese from lac in good yield ontechnical scale are needed to beperfected at all steps of manufacture.

Lac Dye

The study was taken up with theobjective to improve and standardisethe existing methods of recovery oflac dye from lac factory waste effluentsfor industrial use.Lac dye was preparedfollowing the methods developedearlier by Kamath & Potnis (1952) andGhosh & Sengupta (1977). It wasobserved that, for large scalepreparation, the process requiresimprovement and optimisation ofconditions at various stages.

Selective precipitation of Ca-saltof lac dye was achieved by acidifyingthe sticklac wash- water with 10%sulphuric acid and then suitablyadjusting the pH of the solution.Calcium hydroxide was found moreefficient than calcium carbonate forprecipitation of Ca-salt of dye. Thismethod opens up the possibility of

segregating other dissolved materialsfrom lac dye and resulting in a purerproduct. Dyeing trials with the Ca-saltof lac dye using different mordantson wool gave satisfactory results.

The lac dye (tech. grade)was thengenerated from its calcium salt takenin aqueous solution and treating withhydrochloric acid. The precipitated lacdye was allowed to settle, filtered,washed and dried. It resulted in lac dyehaving dye content 85% in nearly 50%o

yield on the wt. of Ca-salt of dye taken.The mother liquor left behind wasrecycled for generation oflac dye fromthe next batch of Ca-salt of lac dye.Although the yield increased to 55%on the wt. of Ca-salt of dye but the dyecontent decreased to 680/o.

Attempts were made to purify thelac dye (dye content 68%). The yieldof pure lac dye (9Oo/o) was found to be4Oo/o on the wt. of crude lac dye.Optimum conditions (solid contentand temperature) for crystallisation oflac dye were determined. The solubilityof pure lac dye in water was found tobe 0.8% at 30 + 5 'C.

A method based onspectrophotometric absorbancemeasurements, was developed for theestimation of dye content in lac dyesamples. The method involves

lLKl Annual Keert 1927- 26

measurement of absorbance of a dyesolution of known concentration atwavelenth of 490 nm. The dye contentis then determined from a calibrationcurve taking into account the dilutionfactor. The dye content (Ca-salt) in1009 of sticklac from different lac hostse.g., palas, kusum and ber weredetermined using the above methodand also gravimetrically. The resultsare summarised in the table below :

Dye content by Dye content

absorbance determined

measurement (%) gravimetrically(%)

Palas (phunki)

Kusmi (phunki)

Ber (ari)

0.4

0.54

0.39

0.68

0.9

Aleuritic Acid

From seedlac : This study has beentaken up to optimise conditions forindustrial scale isolation of aleuriticacid from sticklac, seedlac and kiri.

Studies were made to optimiseconditions for (i) removal of wax and(ii) period of hydrolysis of seedlac forbetter filtration rate. Aleuritic acid wasisolated from seedlac by alkalinehydrolysis followed by removal of waxand other insolubles from precipitatedsodium aleuritate before decompo-sition by an acid. An improvement inthe yield of aleuritic acid (nearly 25o/o)

rvas obtained as compared to existingmethod (18-2Oo/o) maintaining theperiod of hydrolysis, 10 days.

It was observed that in case of 3and 5 year old samples comPletehydrolysis was achieved within thesame period as for fresh samples, butolder samples (7 and 10 years old )

required prolonged warming at waterbath temp. for complete dissolution insodium hydroxide solution. Moreover,hydrolysis had to be continued upto15 days instead of normal 10 days forfull recovery of sodium aleuritate. Theyield of crude aleuritic acid wasapprox. 25o/o in each case.

Purification of crude aleuritic acidwas carried out with different solventsviz., (a) ethyl acetate (b) methanol (c)

ethanol and (d) water, in the presenceof a decolourising agent. Experimentswere carried out by varying theproportions of solvent and activatedcharcoal. The conditions wereoptimised wherein an yield of 7O-7 5o/o

pure aleuritic acid on the wt. of crudeone, was obtained in case of solvents(a), (b) & (c) but only 5-7o/o yield wasobtained for (d). The m.p.s. of thecorresponding aleuritic acids obtainedwere 95-96,98-99,99 and 100-101"Crespectively.

From kirj : Experiments were alsocarried out for recovery of aleuriticacid from kiri - a major by productof lac industry containingapproximately 3Oo/o resin. The methodhas been improved and standardisedby optimising the conditions ofhydrolysis of kiri with lime,

lLKl Annual P27-26

decompositionwith an acid and finallyprecipitation of aleuritic acid. Thisresulted in recovery of pure aleuriticacid, m.p. 98-99 "C, in an average yieldof lLo/o on the resin content in kiri.

Recovery of aleuritic acid directlyfrom stieklac (kusmi, resin content750/o), following the same method asdescribed above for seedlac, was tried.The yield was l2o/o on the weight ofsticklac.

Syntheses of somebioactive compoundsfrom aleuritic acld

(Z)-9-hexadecen-7-oI and its acetate

Pheromones are behaviourmodifying chemicals released by inseetto communicate between members ofthe same species, Syntheticpheromones are being widely usedbecause of their eonsiderable potentialin Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

The sex pheromones of certaiRnoctuid moths e ontain (Z)=9-hexadecen-1-ol and its acctate ascomponents. Both the compounds arepresent in the sex pheromone ofHeliothis subflexa (Gn) while the latteris present in those sf Mamestrabrussicae L., Pseudalatia anipaneta arrdNaranga aeneseens M, (rice greencaterpillar).

The present work was taken up todevelop simple methods of synthesisof the above compounds usingaleuritic acid as starting material.

The fhreoaleuritic acid. isolatedfrom shellac after alkaline hydrolysis,was converted into its erythroisomerbefore proceeding to the syntheticsequence,

Treatment of erythro-aleuriticacid with ethylorthoformate/benzoicacid followed by saponification of theproduct with aq. alc. alkali andsubsequent acidification, afforded 1 6-hydroxy-(Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid as aliquid.

The target compound (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol was achieved byesterification of the above unsaturatedacid with MeOH/H'SO, followed bymesylation with methane sulphonylehloride and reduction of the mesylderivative with LAHITHF, The aeetatederivative was prepared followingpyridine-acetic anhydride methoe.Further identification of theeompounds is in progress, Synthesis ofmore insect sex pheromgn€s such ashexalure ( Z)=7 =hexadeeenyl acetatefrom aleuritie aeid is under progress,

Polyblends of shellacwith synthetie reslns/

polymersPolyblends are physical mixture of twoor morc structurally different homo -or eopolymers and are well establishedmaterials fsr the polymer lndustry,Shellac, having pendent polar groups,has eRormous potential to becompatible with polar polymers. Insuch blends there is good scope for


imparting some of shellac's excellentproperties, e.9., adhesion to a varietyof substrates, unique film formingcapability, resistance to hydrocarbonsolvents, good scratch hardness,excellent dielectric strength, excellentstability towards u.v. radiation toselected polymers in order to yield newproducts of commefcial importance.The objectives of the present study are(I) to identify polymers/resins withwhich blends can be formed, (ii) todevelop artefacts based on shellac, (iii)to identify polymers for which shellaccan be used as extender and (iv) tosuggest fields of applications of shellacbased polyblends.

A baking-type high thermal resistantshellac based insulating varnish

Low thermal resistance and poorflexibility are the two main weaknessesof shellac which limit wider applicationof shellac in electrical industry. Abaking type insulating varnish hasbeen developed based on a blend ofshellac and a synthetic resin incommonly used solvents. Films ofthe varnish possess adequate dielectricstrength (62-72 kV/mm), flexibility,resistance to transformer oil andincreased resistance towards trackingwhen tested as per IS:10026-1982. Thefilms also possess thermal resistanceupto 200-22O"C.

Melting behaviour of lacAs a preliminary to the study of

shellac-polymer/resin blends, thermal

behaviour of different forms of lac wasstudied employing a DifferentialScanning Calorimeter.

Study of melting of lac resin(sticklac, seedlac or shellac) hasrevealed that the melting is a two-stepprocess, the resin portion giving a peakaround 55-57 'C and the wax portionaccounting for the peak around 72-7 4"C. The onset of melting takes placearound 52-54 'C. Conventionalmethod, however, gives single meltingtemperature around 65-75 "C.

Dewaxed lac,/bleached lac(delaxed) gives only one peak aroundthat of the resinous portion. Aninspection of the melting profile of lacwill thus, reveal presence or absence ofwax in it, providing a quick method forascertaining the presence of wax in it.

From a comparative study of themelting profiles of heat polymerisedlac and polymerised lac due to storage,it has been confirmed that shellac isnot a truely thermosetting resin. Whilepolymerised lac due to storage (morethan 13 year old ) did not show anymelting of the resin, heat polymerisedlac (heated at 150'C for more than thabove HPT), on the otherhand, showedpresence of some quantity of uncross-linked resin.

Development of lacbased wood and metallacquerStudies on the development of lacvarnish for wood were undertaken with

lLKl Annual Reeort l9?7-?6

a view to ascertain technological gaps,If any, in the composition of "Melfolac"( a heat and water proof french polishbased on dewaxed lac and butylatedmelamine resin) developed byprevious workers. A comparativestudy was undertaken on theperformance of freshly preparedMelfolac vis-a-vis two commercialproducts available in the market.

The drying characteristics of thevarnishes on metal, glass and woodensurfaces were first studied (Table 14).It was observed that Melfolac driedfaster than similar commercialproducts.

All the varnishes passed the heatresistance (steel beaker having boilingwater in it) test. The films of theproducts also passed the flexibility test(on conical mandrel) and waterresistance test (upto 24h). Furtherstudy is in progress.

Table 14Drying times of Melfolac and twosimilar commercial products, on wood

Samples Touch Dry Hard DryTime Time

(h) (h)

Melfolac

Commercial product A

Commercial product B

0.5

12.0

9.0

).u

24.0

24.0

lLKl Annual KevorL 1997- 98

Consultancy

Procedure for the synthesis ofisoambrettolide (9-hexadecenolide)used as a fixative in the perfumeryindustry has been supplied to M,/sFFC Aromas Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai underMoU. A revenue of Rs 50.000 wasearned.

Table 15 Details of entrepreneur development programme on lac-based processes/products

PRODUCT/PROCESS No. TMINED BENEFICIARY

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERRED

Process and ProductDemonstration

Technical know-hows for lac basedprocesses/ products were transferredthrough process/productdemonstration programme (Table 1 5 ).A revenue of Rs 53,000 was earnedunder this programme.

Aleuritic acid

Testing & Analysis of lac

Dewaxed bleached lac

Lac dye

Shellac Gasket Compound

Melfolac'

Sri Gatkal Sanjay Karbhari

FFC Aromas PvL Ltd.

Mumbai-400 084, Maharashtra

Md Shahzad

Daltonganj, Dist.- Palamau, Bihar

Sri Sunil Kumar Agarwal

Shinghania Lakh Industries ,

Bilaspur 495 445, Madhya Pradesh

Shri Ranjan Kumar Sahoo,

M,/s Gupta Bros. (Shellac)

Bundu, Ranchi, Bihar

Sri Rakesh Kumar Agarwal

M/S Ganga Lakh Udyog,

Daltonganj, Bihar

Sri Bijoy Kumar Bhattacharya

Purulia, West Bengal

Sri Govind Bajaj,

Bajaj Chemical Industries

Gondia, Madhya Pradesh

Sri V.H. Krishna

Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh

Mr Deepak JayaswalIndian Shellac Trading Company

Indore, Madhya Pradesh

t4 - 29.1.97

29 - 23.8.97

9 - t9.9.97

27'- 29.r)..97

6 - t4.t0.97

15 - 18.10.97

t7 - ?2/77/91

17 - 22.t1.97

27 - 6.72.97

lLKl Annual Kevort l9?7'98

EDUCATION AND TRAININGTraining of farmersThe Division of Transfer of

Technology conducts short and long-term training programmes on lacculture, processing and products basedon lac with the active cooperation ofother Divisions and Sections of theInstitute.

The Institute conducts certificatecourse on Modern Methods of LacCulture (4 months). One personsuccessfully completed the courseduring April.- August, 1997 session.

The Institute also conducts one -day and one week trainingprogrammes on lac, with specialemphasis on lac culture. Theseprogrammes mainly aim at educatingthe lac cultivators and others on theimproved lac cultivation techniques. Asummary of one-week programmesconducted during the period isfurnished in Table 16.

Table 16 Details of one-week training programme on "Lac culture and other aspects'

Sponsoring organisationCASA Resource CentreRiskpur, Dumka

DULAI, Baripada, Orissa

INDALCO, ChotamuriPrivate

CASA Resource CentreBichna, Khunti (Ranchi)

SAGEN, Orissa

Period

2-7.6.97

-do-

-do-

-do-

10- 1 5.1 1.97

-do-

BeneficiaryFarmers

-uu-

Total

No. of participantst4

-do-

-do-

-do-

-do-

5

1

L

1n

4L

Late Sri A. K. Dasgupta,Scientist (Sr. Scale) explainingthe trainees about Frenchpolish preparation

One-day educationprogramme on lac

One-day-lac programmes oncultivation were organised for 47batches of Farmers,/Students/ForestOfficers as per details given inTable 17.

Keeping in mind the demandfrom the farmers for "On-farmtraining" a number of training campson lac culture were organised inassociation with various NGOs as givenin Table 18 .

Farmer Adoption

A farmer, Sri Raj Kumar Sahu ofJirawar village, Ormanjhi Block, Ranchidistrict was adopted during 1996-97for his economic upliftment throughlac cultivation he could produce more

lLKl Annual Keeort l?27-26

than 4 quintals of broodlac frombaisakhi and katki crops.

Participation in KisanGoshf.hi etc.

Information dissemination camp wasorganised at Khunti on lac culture andlac-based cottage industry under thesponsorship of Nav Bharat JagritiManch, in which more then 100farmers participated. An Ex-trainees'Sammelan organised on 10.09.97 byR.K. Mission, Ranchi at Morabadi andanother on O7.02.97 at R.K. Mission.Getalsud Farm in Angara Block wereattended bythe experts of the Institute.Awork-shop on "Development of ruralwomen and children" for promotingutilisation of lac in cottage industrieswas attended by the experts of theInstitute, at Garhwa.

Scientist of the institute discussing with the adoptedfarmer about lac crop condition on palas

lLKl Annual Keeort l9Q7-Q6

Table 17 Details of one-day education programme on lac

Beneficiary Sponsored by No. ofbatches

No. ofparticipants

Farmers

College/School Students

Senior Forest Officers

Trainees of extension

Divyayan KVK of RK Mission, Morabadi

Society for Rural industrialisation

Total

Forestry College, B.A.U., Ranchi

Agriculture College, B.A.U, Ranchi

Marwari College, Ranchi University, Ranchi

Narsinha Dutt College, Howrah, West Bengal

Xavier Institute of Social Service. Ranchi

Kendriya Vidyalay, Dhurwa, Ranchi

Total

Forest Department

Divyayan KVK, Ranchi

Society for Rural Industrialisation, Ranchi

Nav Bharat Jagriti Manch, Khunti

Total

Grand total

t)

L

249

40

2891

II1

II

18

40

221Ala

o+

89

1

12

1

3

L7

247

16

641

36

oo

759

129532

Table 18 Details of on-farm training for farmers conducted by the Institute

Village Block Purpose Collaborating No. oforganisation . participants

Sarwada

Dolda

Seadih

Kocho

Kocho

Kocho

Kocho

Mahatamara

Murhu

Murhu

Seadih

Jllll

silli

silli

5rlll

Jhalda

XISS, Ranchi

XISS, Ranchi

XISS, Ranchi

INDATCO

Chotamuri

INDATCO

Chotamuri

INDALCO

Chotamuri

INDATCO

Chotamuri

INDATCO

Chotamuri

Private

Total

Improved technique of lac cultivation

-do-

-do-

Pruning demonstration

Estimation of brood requirement; crop yield

Demonstration for inoculation

Demonstration of pesticide spray on lac culture

-do-

to36

+o

15

20

100

8

15

765

Field Demonstration Linkages

Eight field demonstrations of variouslac operations were organised forfarmers of 22vtllages in collaborationwith XISS, Ranchi and INDALCO,Chotamuri. 251 farmers werebenefited from this programme. Onedemonstration on control of enemyinsects was given on farmer's field atMahatamara (Jhalda) village Fifteenfarmers participated in the programmeTable 18.

Technical advice

An entrepreneur, Mr Ajay Kumar ofBokaro, interested in large-scalecultivation of lac was technicallyguided in respect of survey of area,selection of palas trees to be utilized,with the help of institute's experts.Finally, three patches consisting of5,000-10,000 palas trees were selectedand inoculations made to initiate lacculture.

An MoU was signed betrveen BirsaAgricultural University, Ranchi andIndian Lac Research Institute forinclusion of lac culture and otherrelated aspects in B.Sc. (Ag) syllabus.Under this agreement both theinstitutions will collaborate in areas ofresearch and extension. The Instituteis also in the process of establishinglinkages with a number oforganisations for taking upprogrammes to strengthen lacproduction and industry. Aprogramme is being finalised forintegrated rural development, incorporating Iac culture, in a cluster ofvillages in collaboration with XISS,

Ranchi. Similarly, iinkages are beingestablished with other agencies likeINDALCO Chotamuri, Sunita KalaNiketan, Gumla and Small IndustriesDevelopment Bank of India, Patna forvarious extension activities.

Quality control and certification

T.he institute also houses aninternationally recognised testinglaboratory for quality certificationof lac and lac products. Thedetails of the testing activities

during the reported period aregiven below:

Number of samples received

No. of tests carried out

Amount of revenue earned

r97

283

Rs.21,795

PUBLICITY

Publicity Through MassMedia

Popularisation of lac culturetechnique was also done through massmedia. The radio talks delivered by theexperts of the Institute in the Kheti bariprogramme at AIR, Ranchi have beenfurnished in below :

Speaker Date of

broadcast

Lakh keet palan se adhik

labh kaise lein

Radio paricharcha Dr A.K.Jaiswat 05.12.97

Various activities and functions ofthe Institute were given wide publicitythrough local and regional news papersregularly to create mass awarenessamong the public about the role of theInstitute. During the period news itemswere published in different newspapers, on the Institute's activities.

lLKl Annual Kevort 1997-96

Topic

A Special committee forTechnology Transfer on AgriculturalDevelopment constituted by Ministryof Agriculture under the chairmanshipof Sri DP Yadav, former CentralMinister visited Ranchi and was hostedby the Institute. Other members of theCommittee were Smt. Rita Sharma.Joint Secretary, Ministry of Agricultureand Shri Sita Ram Yadav. TheCommittee discussed with the experts

Miscellaneous uses of lac Dr S.c. Asarwal 15.05.97 of the institute and visited the Institute

LaKn KeeL paran Ke Dr B. p. Sinsh 18.05.97 Museum and the Farm to learn aboutposhak vriksh evam

'- the role of lac in agricultureunki dekh rekh development of the region. A press

Lakh keeton ko unke Dr A. Bharracharya 25.05.97 meet was also arranged on t9.9.97 atshatru keeton se kaise the Institute to appraise the publicbachaye about the Scope of agricultureLah palakon ko sarkar se Mr R.Ramani 17.06.97 developement in the region and themilne vali suvidhayen recommendatiOnS emanating OUt OfLakh utpadan kshetra mein Dr S.K. Saha 23.08.97 the deliberations held by thevipanan adi samasyaen Committee with various groups.ewm nidan upay

Dr S.C. Agarwal 13.17.97 EXtenSiOn LiteratUre

A number of publicity materialsin the form of book, booklets andfolders were prepared and published.These were :

. Proceedings of the seminar of LacIndustry - Challenges and Solutions,a book, 130 pp

o Vision 2O2O - ILRI Perspective Plan,a booklet, 38 pp

o

a

a

a

Souvenir-Symposium on Bio-resources of Chhotanagpur andTheir Industrial Significance, abooklet, 34 pp

ILRI News letter, Jan - Mar 1997, 4 pp

Circular and Registration Form forSymposium on Strategies for Promo-tion of Lac Consumption, May 14- 15, 1998, a folder, 6 pp

Lacdye-afolderILRI News letter, April - June, L997,4pp

lLKl Annual Ketor| l9?7'?6

avum dekh - rekh, a pamphlet inHindi, 1 p

o Muhar lagane ki lakh - a pamphletin Hindi, 1 p

Participation in Exhibition,Kisan Mela etc.

The Institute participated in a

kisan mela organised by Sai SewaMission, Ranchi at Sai Gram (Sarsa),Lapung (Ranchi). It also put up a stalldepicting lac culture, processing andutilisation as well as technologiesavailable and the training programmeof the Institute in the Bihar Pavilion ofIndia International Trade Fair, PragatiMaidan. New Delh:.

Technical InformationServices

Technical information, inrespect of lac culture, lacprocess/product and othergeneral information related tolac were provided to interestedpersons including the lacgrowers,/ entrepren eur s,/ o the ragencies. More than 72querries were attended toduring the period. Lac culture

samples received from lac growers andother organisations were examined forforecasting the time of crawleremergence and causes of lac insectmortality.

o ILRI training pro-spectus ( Re-vised), a folder,4pp

Palas tatha ber par lakh ki kheti, a

folder in Hindi, 4 pp

Aaiye seekhe unnat vidhi se lakh kikheti, a folder in Hindi, 4 pp

Kusum vrikshon ki kaat - chhant

lLKl Annual Kevort 1997-96

PUBLICATIONSResearch Papers

Agarwal, S.C. (1997) Lac- as a natu-ral dye, The Indian Text. J., Julyissue, 26

Bhattacharya, A, Jaiswal, A.K.,Sharma, K.K., Mishra, Y.D. andChandrika,P. (1997) Evaluation ofdiflubenzuron (Dimilin 25 WP) onEublema amabilis (Lepidoptera :

Noctuidae)-.a predator of lac in-sect, J.ent. Res., 21(4), 365

Goswami, D.N., Majee, R.N., Saha,S.K. andAgarwal, S.C. (1997) Char-acterisation of. threo-aleuritic acidand its derivative by DifferentialScanning Calorimetry, J. Inst.Chem. (India), 69 (Part l), 12

Majee, R.N., Saha, S.K. andAgarwal,S.C. (1997 ) Ferric Chloride, aesterification catalyst for aleuriticacid derivatives, J. Inst. Chem. (In-dia),69 (Part 5), 137

Majee, R.N. and Ramani, R. (1997)Synthesis of (Z) -7 - tetradecen- 1-ylacetate and (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-oland its acetate from aleuritic acid,J. Indian Chem. Soc.,74,727Mishra, Y.D., Sushil S.N., Sharma,K.K., Bhattacharya, A. 4nd Jaiswal,A.K. ( 1996) Effficiency of selectedorganophosphorous insecticidesfor control of Chrysopa madestes(Neuroptera : Chrysopidae) - a se-

7.

1.

2.

rious sporadic predatorof Indianlac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr), NewAgriculturist, 7(I), 1 7

Mishra, Y.D., Bhattacharya, A. andSushil, S.N., ( L997) Effect of somesystemicfungicides on the nymphsof Indian lac insect, Kerria lacca(Kerr) for their protection againstfungal infection, J. ent. Res., 21(3),29rSaha, S.K., Goswami, D.N. andSrivastava, B.C. (1997 ) Technologyfor the lac product sector in the"Proceedings of the National Semi-nar - Lac Industry - Challenges andSolutions", Indian Lac Research In-stitute, Ranchi, p. 89

Sarkar, P.C. and Agarwal, S.C.(L997 ) Functional transformationof ( + ) threo-aleuritic acid synthe-sis of 5-methyl tetrazoles, J. IndianChem. Soc.,74,646

Sharma, K.K. (1997) Occurrence oflac insect on Thevetia pentraana (Pers.)

Merrill, Insect Environ, 3(2),29

Sharma, K.K. and Ramani, R.(L997 ) Suitability of fruits ofpumpkin (Cucurbita moschataDuchesne ex. Poir) for laboratoryrearing of two strains of Indian lacinsect, Kerria lacca (Kerr)(Coccoidea:Tachardiidae), J. ent.Res., 21(2), 169

8.

3.

4. 9.

10.5.

11.

5.

12. Sushil, S.N. Mishra, Y.D.,BhattacharyT, 4., Jaiswal, A.K. andSharma, K.K.( 1997) Safety ofendosulfan and dichlorvos to fourparasitoids of lac insect predators,Pest Management in HorticulturalEcosystems, 3(1), 39

Papers presented in Seminars

1. Agarwal, S.C. (1997) Lac culture as

a tool for revival of tribaleconomy, presented in a refresher

. cource on ". Advances in Forestryat B.A.U., Kanke, Ranchi.

2. Agarwal, S.C. (L997) Role of lacculture in environment and natureconservation, presented in anArmy Environment and NatureConservation Workshop held atRanchi, 3-9 August.

Agarwal, S.C. and Ramani, R.(1997) Resource generationthrough technology transferrelating to lac culture, processingand products, presented atRegional Committee Meeting heldat Patna.

Agarwal, S.C. (1997) Applicationof eco-friendly natural dye totextiles - lac dye, its industrial

lLKl Annual Keaort 1997-Q6

perspective, presented in NationalSeminar on " Eco-friendlyPathways to Textile Finishing andAgrro-waste Utilisation" organisedby CIRCOT, Mumbai, on 4thMarch.

5. Saha, S.K., Goswami, D.N.,Srivastava, 8.C., Prasad, N. andMajee, R.N. (1997 ) Industrialpotential of lac and some othernatural products of Chhotanagpurin the symposium on'Bioresourcesof Chhotanagpur and theirindustrial significance' on 20thSeptember at ILRI, Ranchi.

6. Naqvi, A.H., Kumar, P., Mishra,Y.D., Singh, B.P. and Bhattacharya,A. (1997) Lac culture - a systemapproach to bioresourcemanagement in Chhotanagpur, inthe symposium on'Bioresources ofChhotanagpur and theirindustrial significance''on 2OthSeptember at ILRI, Ranchi.

Popular article

1. Agarwal, S.C., Jaiswal, A. K., Singh,B. P., Prasad, N. and Srivastava,B. C. "Lakh Anusandhan - BaatLakhonKi" Khetr Sept. I97 7 page-9.

3.

4.

lLRl Annual Keport l2Q7-26

LIST OF APPROVED ON-GOINGPROJECTS

Improvement in cultivation techniqueso To evolve management practices of kusmi lac production on ber

o To evolve management practices of rangeeni lac insect for broodlac and

sticklac production on palas and ber separately

Control of enemies of lac insecto Bio-rational approaches for management of pests of lac insect

Propagation and management of lac host plantso Management of important lac hosts under agro-forestry system for J<usmi lac

production. .

o Management of akashmani (Acacia auriculiformis) for lac cultivation

Genetics and breeding of lac host plants and insectso Collection, maintenance, conservation & evaluation of lac insect and host

plant and their genetic improvement

Fine chemicals from laco Synthesis of some bio-active compounds from aleuritic acid

Modification of shellac/constituents and their utilisationo Improvement in the method of preparation of lac dye and aleuritic acid

o Polyblends of shellac with synthetic polymers/resins-formulation, charac-

terisation and application studies

Use of shellac and modified shellac in surface coatingso Deyelcpment of lac varnish for wood and metal lacquers for food packaging

TOT Activitieso Training, publicity, demonstration and information service

o Survey of current status, assessment of potentials and problems of lac cul-

ture and processing and consumer industries

Ad-hoc proj€ct ( under A.P. Cess fund)o Lac productivity rating of different lac insect on conventional and promising

lac host

Revolving fund schemeo Production of quality broodlac on kusum and palas at different agroclimatic

regions

The 24th meeting of the IMC washeld on 26th May t997. TheCommittee finalized the work to beexecuted and list of equipments to bepurchased during the year Lg97-98 .

It recommended a higher budgetallocation for Plan and Non-plan in1997 -98. Progress of research projects,ad-hoc project and revolving fund

(Member-Secretary).

The 25th meeting of IMC was heldon 1 lth Decembe r 1997 . Thecommittee approved the list ofequipments to be purchased and worksto be executed during 1997-98 and1998-99. It reviewed the progress ofresearch of the on-going projects, adhoc Project and Revolving FundScheme. It also considered the list ofhospitals for medical treatment of ILRI

scheme was also reviewed in themeeting. The meeting was chaired byDr S. C. Agarwal, Director. Themembers present in the meeting weieDr R.P. Kachru, ADG(PE), Mr S. S.Verka, Dr A.K. Singh, Mr G.P. Sharma,Dr S. K. Saha, Dr A. Bhattacharya, DrK. M. Prasad and MrR. K. Banerjee, A.O.

staff and their dependents. Themeeting was chaired by Dr S.C.Agarwal, Director and the memberspresent were Dr R. P. Kachru, ADG(PE),Dr S.K. Saha, Dr S. K. Jaipuriar, Dr A.Bhattacharya,Dr K. M. Prasad, Mr S. S.Verka, Dr A. K. Singh, Mr G. p. Sharmaand Sri S. Veeraswamy, A.O. (Member-

lLKl futnual Kerort 1997-96

IMPORTANT COMMITTEESThe Institute ManagementCommittee (IMC)

Members of IMC holding discussion during 25th meeting

lLKl Annual Keeort 1997-?8

Secretary). Mementos were presentedto Mr S. S. Verka and Dr A. K. Singh,the members nominated by Hon'bleAgriculture Minister as they wereattending their last meeting asmembers.

Quinquennial Review Team

The first review meeting of QRTwas held at the Institute during 2L-24June, 1997 . Dr G.K. Veeresh, Chairman,

Meeting of the QRT inprogress

Dr M. Yaseen, Dr V.R. Mamadapur, MrRoshanlal Sharma, Member and Dr N.Prasad, Sr. Sc., (Member-Secretary)were present in the meeting. The QRTmet the scientists, technicians andadministrative staff of the Institute todiscuss the research achievements,future requirements and invitedsuggestions for overall improvementin the working conditions in theInstitute. The ORT also met lac

Members of the QRTinreracring with a "'l?ffifj

cultivators at Sarwada (Murhu,Ranchi) an adopted village of Xavier'sInstitute of Social Service and alsolac industrialists at M,/s Tajna Shellacfactory Pvt. Ltd., Khunti, Ranchi. Themembers were apprised of theproblems faced by the lac cultivatorsand industrialists.

The second review meeting washeld at the Institute during Il-I4October, 1997. Prof. G.K. Veeresh,Chairman; Dr M. Yaseen; Dr V.R.Mamadapur; Mr Roshanlal Sharma,

lLKl Annual Kevort l9?7'96

Members and Dr N. Prasad, Sr. Sc.,(Member- Secretary) attended themeeting to finalise the draft report.

Staff Research Council (SRC)

The meeting of the SRC was heldon 28-29th May L997.It finalised theresearch programme for the year1997-98. Four new projects and twoexploratory studies, in the Division ofLac Processing and ProductDevelopment, were approved in the lightof the suggestions made by the SRC.

Dr R.P. Kachru, ADG (PE) addressing the scientists andDr S.C. Agarwal, Director (Right)


PARTICIPATION OF SCIENTISTS INSYMPOSIA, MEETINGS, WORKSHOPS ETC.

Attended by the Director

o National Seminar on Eco-friendlyPathways to Textile Finishing and 'Agro-Waste utiliz atio n, Or ganlzed byCIRCOT, Mumbai on March 4,1997.

o Regional Committee meeting heldat Patna on1997

o Refresher course on "Advances inforestry".at B.A.U., Ranchi, 1997

o Army Environment and Nature Con-servation Workshop at Ranchi on3-9 August,I9gT

o National workshop on "Develop-ment of Bastar through minor for-est produce", organised by depart-ment of Commerce and Industry,Govt. of M.P. and PolytechnologyCentre, Bhopal at Jagdalpur on 5-6

January 1998

o National Seminar on "Productivity inlacquerware craft" organised by Na-tional Productivity Council atBangalore on 26th February

Attended by the scientistsand staff members

o Dr A.K. Jaiswal, Scientist (Sr. Scale),attended a Summer School on "As-sessment of modeling of soil andcrop growth parameters using re-mote sensing and GIS" at Division

of Agricultural Physics, IARI, NewDelhi, during 9-29 JuIy,1997Dr S.N. Sushil, Scientist, attended a

Summer School on "Recent advancesin insect pest management in majorcrops" held at G.B.& Tech.,Pantnagar during 7-27 JuIy,1997Dr S. Ghosal, Scientist, Shri R.

Rabidas, Sr. Steno and Sri K. Oraon,

Jr. Clerk attended a training pro-gramme on "Use of computer in ag-

ricultural research" conducted byIASRI, New Delhi, during 13-25 Oc-tober,1997

Sri Ramesh Prasad and Sri D.Ganguly, Technical Officers, com-pleted a computer training on Win-dows 3.11, MS-Office &Netware4.11(LAN) at National Institute ofResearch on Jute and Allied FibreTechnology, Calcutta from 28th au-gust to 5th September,I99T

Dr N. Prasad, Senior Scientist, at-tended a seminar on'ContemporaryBio-organic Chemistry' at BhabaAtomic Research Centre, Mumbai, on24 November,1997

Dr S.K. Saha, Principal Scientist andHead, Division of LP & PD, Dr D.N.Goswami and Dr B.C. Srivastava, Sen-

ior Scientists, attended the meetingof the Scientific Panel of Engineer-

lLKl Annual Keeort l?97'96

ing Division of ICAR at IASRI, NewDelhi on 24 November, 1997

Dr S.K. Saha, Principal Scientist andHead and Dr N. Prasad. Sr. Scien-tist, Division of LP & PD visited Cen-tral Institute for Research on CottonTechnology, Mumbai on 25, 26 No-vember, 1997 to acquaint them-selves with the dyeing trials on cot-ton with lac dye.

They also visited Indian Institute ofPackaging, Mumbai on 26 Novem-ber, L997 to acquaint themselveswith the latest trend in research onpackaging.

Dr S. K. Saha, P. S. and Head, LPPD

Div., Dr N. Prasad, Sr. Scientist andSri D. P. Dhingra, Scientistvisited theIICT, Hyderabad for aquaintingthemselves with the pilot plan facili-

ties available at that Institute.

Dr S.K. Saha, Principal scientist andHOD, LP & PD attended the meetingof the Polishes and Lac & Lac Prod-ucts, Sectional Committee of BIS, atthe regional office of the Bureau ofIndian Standards, Calcutta on 17December. 1997.

He also attended the Annual Gen-eral meeting of the Shellac ExportPromotion Council at the Council'sOffice at Calcutta on 18 December.t997.

Dr Anjesh Kumar, Hindi Translator,successfully completed a three-month training programme ontranslation from April to June 1997at Calcutta. He was awarded a silvermedal for attending second positionin the course.

SEMINAR, SYMPOSIUM, ETC.ORGANISED

Symposium

As a part of the celebrations tomark the golden Jubilee Year ofcountry's independence, a one-daysymposium on "Bioresources ofChhotanagpur and Their IndustrialSignificance" was organised on 20thSeptember, the foundation day of theInstitute. The inaugural ceremony waschaired by Prof. Gajendra Singh,DDG(Engg.).and Sri B. Kapthuama, IAS,Director General, Sri KrishnaAdministrative Training Institute,Ranchi was the Chief Guest. Mr V. K.Prasad, President, ChhotanagpurChamber of Commerce was alsopresent. Twelve lead papers werepresented in two technical sessions.Sixty five representatives from variousorganizations and the Instituteparticipated in the symposium. Thesymposium pro jected the vast

lLKl Annual KeoorL I?97-98

bioresources reserve of theChhotanagpur region and stressed theneed for its conservation and optimumexploitation for the economicdevelopment of the region. the majorrecommendations which emerged afterdeliberations are:

o Systematic survey, identification,collection and conservation ofbioresources of the region.

o Optimum exploitation of the treesyielding products of commercialimportance and the medicinal plantsused by local people especially,tribes.

o Minimum support price, assuredpurchase mechanism and increasingdomestic consumption and develop-ment of extension machinery espe-cially, for lac and tasar.

o Regular interaction among those

Inaugural ceremony of thesymposium. Mr V. K. Prasad, Mr BKapthuama, Prof. Gajendra Singh,Dr S. C. Aganval and Mr R. Ramani(Left to right)

lLKl Annual Kecort 1927-Q6

A delegate presenting his paper during the symposium

who are involved in the production,marketing and the industry.

Institute seminars

A brainstorming seminar was held on17 .6.97 to discuss various issuesarising out of the fast changingscenario and ever increasingexpectation from the Institute. Afterthorough discussion, the followingpoints emerged

o Integration of lac culture with agro-forestry system

o Diversification and perfection oftechnologies through pilot plantstudies for increased utilisation oflac within the country

o Improvement in transfer of tech-nology, publicity and marketing as-pects

Seminars were also arranged as

detailed below :

Topic Speaker

Lac insect taxonomy with special

reference to Indian species

Improved method for preparation

of lac

Jalaric acid and its scope for use in

synthesis

Means of improving T0T programmes

of the Institute

Mr Y.D. Mishra

Dr K.M. Prasad

Dr N. Prasad

Mr R. Ramani

19.6.97

28.10.97

15.11.97

24.r2.97

lLKl Annual Kevort l??7-?8

The Museum of Indian LacResearch Institute, Namkum, Ranchi isonly one of its kind which Providesinformation on lac cultivation,processing and applications. TheMuseum has always attracted visitorsfrom all walks of life. During the periodunder report, besides the traineesabout 504 persons visited the Museum

Some of the distinguished visitorswere:

Dr A.V. Rama Rao, Former Director,Indian Institute of Chemical Tech-nology, Hyderabad - 500007 (A.P.)

Mr Pralay Talukdar, MinisterI/c,Cottage and Small Scale In-dustries, Govt. of W.B.

Dr M Yaseen, Senior Dy. Direc-tor, Indian Institute of Chemi-cal Technology, Hyderabad -s00 007 (A.P.)

Dr GK Veeresh, Chairman,QRT, Vice-Chancellor Univer-sity of Agricultural Sciences,

Hebbal, Bangalore (Kar.)

Dr VR Mamdapur, ScientistSE-IL, Bhabha Atomic Re-

search Centre, AnuYsaktiNagar, Trombay, (MS)

Major VS Sharma, 4O2, AD,(Lamps, Bangalore)

Capt. AB Hangal, 511 ASC BN,

56 APO,

DISTINGUISHED VISITORS

Lt. Col. R. Bhardwaj, Hi Fi ArmYEnvironment Conservation WorkShap. 03 Regt., 56 APO.

Mr D.P. Yadav, Union EducationMinister and Chairman, Transfer ofTechnology Samiti, M/o Agriculture,Govt. of India, New Delhi.

Smt. Rita Sharma, Joint Secretary,M/O Agrl. Govt. of India, New Delhi.

Mr Sita Ram Yadav, Member ofTransfer of Technology Samiti, M/oAgrl. Govt. of India, NewDelhi.

Prof. S Das, Chairman, Post Harvest

Dr S. C. Agarwal explaining to the visitors, atthe Museum

Technology Centre, Indian Institute

Regt. ofTechnology, Kharagpur - 721- 302 (WB)

C/O o Dr S Nagarajan, Project Director(Wheat) Karnal (HarYana)

PERSONNEL

DirectorDr S.C. Agarwal

Division of Lac ProductionHead of DivisionDi'P. Kumar

Senior ScientistSri A.H. Naqvi (Agric. Entomol)Dr B. P. Singh (Agronomy)Dr S. K. Jaipuriar (Agric. Entomol.)Dr A. Bhattacharya (Agric. Entomol.)Sri S.C. Srivastava (Plant Breeding)Sri S.G. Chaudhary (Agric. Entomol.)

ScientistDr S.N. Sushil (Agric. Entomol.)Dr S. Ghosal (Agro.)

Division of Lac Processing andProduct DevelopmentHead of DivisionDr S.K. Saha

Principal ScientistDr P.C. Gupta (Org. Chem.)

Senior ScientistDr D.N. Goswami (Physics)Dr B.C. Srivastava (Org. Chem.)Dr Niranjan Prasad (Org. Chem.)Dr R.N. Majee (Org. Chem.)Dr K.P. Sao (Physics)Dr K.M. Prasad (Org. Chem.)

Scientist (Sr. Scale)Sri P.M. Patil (Phys. Chem,)

ScientistSri P.C. Sarkar (Org. Chem.)Sri V.K. Rao (Org. Chem.)Sri D. Dhingra (Agri. Strc. Proc. Engg.)Smt. S. Chopra (Electr. Engg.)

lLKl Annual KeeorL l9Q7-Q8

Division of Transfer ofTechnologyHead of DivisionDr K.K. KumarSr. ScientistSri R. Ramani (Agric. Entomol.)Dr A. Pandey (Phys. Chem.)Sri Y.D. Mishra (Agric. Entomol.)Scientist (Sr. Scale)Sri A. K. Das Gupta (Org. Chem.)Sri R.K. Banerjee (Org. Chem.)Sri Radha Singh (Phys. Chem.)Sri M.L. Bhagat (Agric. Entomol.)Dr A.K. Jaiswal (Agric. Entomol.)Dr K.K. Sharma (Agric. Entomol.)Administrative SectionSri S. Veeraswamy, A.O.Sri N. Mahto, A.A.O.

Finance & Accounts Sectionl/cSri A.K. Lal, Asstt. Fin. & Accounts Officer(on deput.)Hindi Cell I/cSiri Laxmi Kant, Asstt. Director (O&L)Farm Unit L/cSri N.K. Sharma, Farm Suptd. (T-7)Llbrary l/ cSri R. P. Tewari, (T-5) LibrarianTesting Laboratory l/cSri Deepak Ghosh, T.O,

Mechanical Section I/ cSri D. Dhingra, ScientistCentral Stores I/cDr K.M. Prasad, Sr. Sc

Diretor's Cell i/cSri R, Prasad, T.O.Medical UnitDr N. P. Sahu, M.D. (Part time)

AS ON 3I.t2.r997


INFRASTRUCTUREDEVELOPMENT

Inauguration of ARIS Cell and SaleCounter

Sri Pralay Talukdar, Hon. Minister-in-charge, Cottage and Small ScaleIndustries Department, Govt. of WestBengal, visited Indian Lac ResearchInstitute, Ranchi on 16th April, 1997.He inaugurated the ARIS (AgriculturalResearch Information System) Cell anda Sale Counter bf the Institute.

In his meeting with the scientists,the Minister expressed happiness overthe R&D efforts of ILRI and called uponthe scientists to help in the

development of lac industry in WestBengal, especially, in the industriallybackwards districts of Purulia. Bankuraand Midnapur which fall in the lacgrowing region of the country. Heinformed that there are about 50 lakhsof unemployed youth, besides a largesection of unregistered manpower, inneed of employment, especially in therural area. He expressed that he hasrealized the great potential in lac forgeneration employment and assuredhis special attention for thedevelopment of lac-based small scaleand cottage industries in West Bengal.

Mr Pralay Talukdar, Minister I/c, Cottage and Small-scaleIndustries, Govt. of W.B. formally inaugurating the ARIS Cell

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