Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

A Science Investigatory Project ProposalPresented to the faculty ofBasud National High School

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for Science Research I

Researchers:

Mark Wilson B. ApuyanMaricris N. AbanteHazel E. Abanto

Isagani F. MusaResearch Teacher

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Region V-BicolDivision of Camarines NorteBasud National High School

S.Y. 2015-2016

Abstract

Blackboard is a writing surface used by teachers andstudents in which text drawings are written using chalk. Chalk isan important material used in blackboard in every school bystudents and teachers. It is composed of calcium carbonate(CaCo3). Some chalks that are invented these days are dustless.But still, it’s harmful because the dust of chalks stays in theatmosphere and can cause skin irritation, skin diseases andasthma.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of thePrototype Blackboard Eraser, as cleaning device for theblackboards of classrooms. Specifically, it aims to determine ifthe Prototype Blackboard Cleaner is an effective teaching devicein terms of rate of acceptability and how effective it is interms of time of cleaning.

Concept design of the device and all materials were preparedprior to experiment. Three phases of preparing and testing thedevice was conducted. Phase I- Making concept design andpreparing materials, Phase II- Construction of the device, PhaseIII- Testing the effectiveness of the device. Survey

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questionnaire were used in gathering the data. The researchersmeasured and recorded the time of cleaning.

After the experiment period, results were gathered andtabulated the data. The result of the questionnaire shows thatthe Prototype Blackboard Cleaner is very useful, convenient,slightly efficient and slightly functional. While the result ofthe data from the three trials shows that the time of cleaning isnormal.

The researchers concluded that the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner was effective in cleaning the blackboard of classrooms.

Table of Contents

Title Page ………………………………………………………….. 1Abstract ………………………………………………………….. 2Table of Contents ……………………………………………….. 3Introduction ………………………………………………………. 4Background of the Study ………………………………………. 4Statement of the Problem ……………………………………… 5Hypothesis ………………………………………………………… 5Significance of the Study ………………………………………. 6Scope and Limitation …………………………………………… 6-7Review of Related Literature ………………………………….. 7-8

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Related Studies ………………………………………………….. 8-9Synthesis of the State of the Art ……………………………… 9Methodology and Procedure ………………………………….. 10Materials …………………………………………………………... 10Procedure …………………………………………………………. 10-11Flow Chart ………………………………………………………… 11Research Design………………………………………………….. 12Statistical Treatment …………………………………………….. 12Results and Discussion ………………………………………… 13-16Conclusion ………………………………………………………… 16Recommendations ………………………………………………. 17Definition of Terms ……………………………………………… 18Time Table …………………………………………………………. 19Bibliography ………………………………………………………. 20Appendices…………………………………………………………...21Computed Mean……………………………………………………..22Concept Design………………………………………………………23Pictorials………………………………………………………………24-27Acknowledgement ………………………………………………. 28

Introduction

Blackboard is a writing surface used by teachers and

students in which text drawings are written using chalk. Chalk is

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an important material used in blackboard in every school by

students and teachers. It is composed of calcium carbonate

(CaCo3). Some chalks that are invented these days are dustless.

But still, it’s harmful because the dust of chalks stays in the

atmosphere and can cause skin irritation, skin diseases and

asthma. Its primary ingredient is ancient fossilized sea

organisms, which were deposited and subjected to high pressure

over centuries, so deposits often occur in areas that were once

underwater.

Background of the Study

Blackboards were originally made of sheets of black slates

stone. Some versions of blackboard that are created these days

are green because it is considered easier and much attractive on

the eyes.

The particles of the chalk dust stay suspended in the

atmosphere. The air carries these chalk dust particles to a

person and inhales some of its particles. According to Global

Initiative for Asthma, however, most of the physical, monetary

and global costs of asthma can be alleviated through appropriate

asthma prevention and management strategies.

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With these ideas, the researchers thought on testing the

effectiveness of blackboard cleaner in reducing the amount of

chalk dust displaced upon cleaning the eraser.

Statement of the Problem:

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the

Prototype Blackboard Cleaner, as cleaning device for the

blackboards of school classrooms. Specifically, it aims to answer

the following questions:

1. How effective is the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner in terms of Time of Cleaning?

2. What is the rate of acceptability in terms of:

a. Usability d. Function

b. Convenience

c. Efficiency

3. Is the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner an effective teaching

device in classroom in terms of rate of acceptability?

Hypothesis:

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Alternative: Prototype Blackboard Cleaner is effective teaching

device in classroom in terms of rate of acceptability.

Null: Prototype Blackboard Cleaner is not effective teaching

device in classroom in terms of rate of acceptability.

Significance of the Study

The Researchers believed that the result of this study is

highly significance to the following:

Development to the Science and Technology

The result of this study may lead to a new discovery of a

new teaching device that will benefit the school and the

community

Students

This study will help the students to avoid too much exposure

of chalk dust and prevent them from having diseases due to chalk

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dust. It will also serve as reference material for their future

research.

Teacher

This study will help them to save more time and effort in

cleaning the blackboard and also to avoid too much exposure of

chalk dust.

Community

This will lessen the chalk dust spreading on air through the

environment.

Future Researchers

This will serve as a basis that can be utilized in pursuing

future study along this line.

Scope and Limitation

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of

the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner for cleaning of chalk dust. The

study will be conducted in Basud National High School from

January to August 2015. Materials will be purchased by the

researcher to construct the blackboard cleaner device.

The Prototype Blackboard Cleaner’s effectiveness will be

based on the time of cleaning and the rate of acceptability. The

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study delimited in observing the ability of Prototype Blackboard

Cleaner in terms of time of cleaning and rate of acceptability.

Similarly, the process of inquiry will use is survey

questionnaire by which the respondents are the teachers of Basud

National High School.

Review of Related Literature:

The following studies were found by the researcher to

be highly significant for the better result of this research.

A group of allergy researchers in Spain found exposure

to classroom low powder chalk dust may be associated with

allergic and respiratory symptoms in a very small group of milk

allergic children, according to a study of annals Allergy Asthma

and Immunology. Asthma attacks other respiratory allergies could

occur if kids inhale chalk particles.

It was found out that particles that inhaled by

children with milk allergy, coughing, wheezing and shortness of

breath can occur. Inhalation can also cause nasal congestion,

sneezing and a runny nose. An estimated 300,000 or 2.5% of

children in the United States are affected by milk allergies.

According to Dr, Carlos H. Larramendi, “Chalk that is labeled

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as being anti-dust or dustless still released small particles in

the air” (www.foxnews.com/health/2013/05/02/is-chalk-dust-risk-

for-kids-with-milk-allergy/)

Some people realize that a classroom blackboard is one

of the most revolutionary educational tool sever invented. And it

may be hard to fathom that blackboards as we know them today were

unknown until relatively recent times.

The invention of the blackboard had an enormous impact on

classroom efficiency. Due to their simplicity, effectiveness,

economy and ease of use, the simple blackboard and its cousin the

whiteboard have substantial advantages over any number of more-

complex modern technologies. It’s unlikely they will ever become

obsolete.

Blackboard is a useful tool for both online and face-

to-face courses. If you adopt Blackboard (Bb) you will soon find

ways to use its components to save some time. However, the

substantial gains in time come about by restructuring the

procedures of your course to take full advantage of these

components. That requires rethinking the ways you choose to

communicate with your students and how you will build the

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expectation or behavior in your students such that they are in

sync with your communication process. Now, with Blackboard use

more common than ever before among CMU faculty, many students

will come to class prepared for and expecting revised course

structures and methods that incorporate the use of Blackboard

components. What follows is a series of things to consider as you

do that.

Related Studies

In the study conducted by Nalual Titel Pascal; Eggshell

is also a source of calcium carbonate which is found in the

composition of chalk. They provided this research to create a

chalk with a cheaper price (Pascal, 2008).

According to the study of Gerald P. Raboy of

Cabittaogan National High School; A chalk made of seashells was

designed and created to produce quality dustless and long-lasting

compared to the standard existing commercialized chalks. The

chalk that was created was known to be a resourceful way of

making a chalk. (Raboy, 2008)

The study conducted by Jane Paula R. Abante, a

Mechanical Chalk Dust Dispenser which aims to hasten the removal

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of chalk dust on a chalkboard eraser. It avoid the chalk dusts to

cause skin irritation to people. The Mechanical Chalk Dust

Dispenser was working efficiently and became one of the

environmental-friendly devices. (Abante, 2005).

According to the study conducted by Elsa Reyes and

Julia Tan; Liquid eraser out of chalk dust and banana sap which

is more effective than a normal eraser. Its materials are cheap

and easy to find which makes it more beneficial to others. The

Liquid Eraser was proven and seems to be working in terms of

erasing a blackboard. (Reyes, Tan et.al. 2013).

In the study which was conducted by Mich Cube; Electric

Chalk Dust Dispenser with chalk case was designed to collect

chalk dust and to lessen the spreading of the chalk dust in the

environment. The result of the Electric Chalk Dust Cleaner was an

environmental-friendly device which will help the students clean

a blackboard eraser much easier. (Cube, 2013)

Synthesis of-the-state-of-the art

The said studies were found to be significant to the

present study due to their similarities and differences in the

formation provided for this research.

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The present and previous studies were similar in the

method used, which is experimental research. All the studies aim

to lessen air pollution.

The present study differs with the previous study on

the material used. The present study used prototype to dispose

the chalk dust properly whereas previous studies of Cube et.al

used chalk dust dispenser and Reyes et.al and Tan et.al used

banana sap as a liquid eraser.

Methodology and Procedure

This part presents the research design which used in

the conduct of the study. The material instruments and the

procedures followed with the experimentations and the statistical

treatment so that the hypothesis can be tested and conclusion can

be established.

Materials:

The researchers used the following materials to

construct the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner:

- Blackboard - Wirings

- Synchronous motor (220-240 V) -

Roller

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- Switch - Pulleys

- Eraser - Strings

Procedure

A concept design of the device and all materials were

prepared prior to experiment.

Phase I: Making Concept Design and preparing materials

1. Preparing the concept design of the device.

2. Gathering and Collecting of materials.

3. The materials such as the erasers, circuitries, and the

rollers will be put in the prototype to finish the

construction process of the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner.

4. Prototype Blackboard Cleaner will be determining its

effectiveness.

Phase II: Construction of the device

1. Gathering and assembling of materials

2. Construction of device with the help of electrician

Phase III: Testing the Effectiveness of Prototype Blackboard

Cleaner

1. The Prototype Blackboard Cleaner will be tested to

determine its effectiveness, quality and usability when erasing a

blackboard.

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2. The experimentation of the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

is composed of three trials and recorded in the logbook.

Observation and Gathering of Data, Erased the blackboard

Measured and Recorded the Time of Cleaning

Flow Chart

Phase I Phase II

Phase III

Definition of Terms

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The researchers

tested the

Prototype

The researchers

gathered the

materials

The researchers

make concept

design of the

The researchers

recorded the

results that came

Three trials were

conducted in the

experimentation.

The researchers

gathered and

collected the

The materials

will be put in

the prototype and

will be

The researchers started

constructing with the

help of electrician

The researchers

assembled the

materials to

construct the

Research Design

This study used experimental research particularly

single-group-design to wherein there will be a single treatment

with three experimental set-ups, that will be replicated three

times

Trials

Time of Cleaning

T1 T2 T3 Total Mean

Time

(seconds)

Figure 1. Experimental Layout Design

Statistical Treatment

The Data will be gathered and interpreted by finding the

Weighted Mean. It will be used to determine the rate of

acceptability. Rate of usability, convenience, efficiency and

function was computed to determine the effectiveness of the

Prototype Blackboard Cleaner.

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The Prototype

Blackboard

Cleaner was

constructed

wm = fx n

Result and Discussion

The Researcher gathered the data based on the teachers

response on the survey questionnaire

Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

I. Time of Cleaning

Trials

Time of CleaningT1 T2 T3 Total Mean

Time

(seconds)

11 14 12 37 12.33

Table 1 - Time of Cleaning the blackboard in seconds

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Table 2. - Scale in the Time of Cleaning

Table 1 shows the time of cleaning of Prototype Blackboard

Cleaner. Using the Table 2 as a basis, the mean of the 3 trials

can be determined as normal.

II. Acceptability

a. Usability

Frequency(f) Weighted

Value(x)

fx

Very Useful 5 4 20

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Time of Cleaning

(seconds)

Description

5 - 10 Fast

10.1 - 15 Normal

15.1 - 20 Slow

20.1 - 25 Very Slow

Useful 5 3 15

Slightly Useful 0 2 0

Not Useful 0 1 0

TOTAL 10 35

Table 3. - Usability of Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

Table 4 - Rating and Description of the

Weighted Mean

The weighted mean of Table 3 was 3.5 that show the PrototypeBlackboard

Cleaner is excellent in terms of usability.

b. Convenience

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Rating Description

3.5 – 4.0 Excellent

2.5 – 3.49 Good

1.5 – 2.49 Fair

1.0 – 1.49 Poor


Value(x)

fx

Very Convenient 0 4 0

Convenient 6 3 18

Slightly

Convenient

4 2 8

Not Convenient 0 1 0

TOTAL 10 26

Table 5. - Convenience of Prototype Blackboard Cleaner


Cleaner is good in terms of convenience.

c. Efficiency


Value(x)

fx

Very Efficient 0 4 0

Efficient 4 3 12

Slightly

Efficient

6 2 12

Not Efficient 0 1 0

20

TOTAL 10 24

Table 6. - Efficiency of Prototype Blackboard Cleaner


Cleaner is fair in terms of Efficiency.

d. Function


Value(x)

fx

Very Functional 0 4 0

Functional 3 3 9

Slightly

Functional

7 2 14

Not Functional 0 1 0

TOTAL 10 21

Table 7. - Function of Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

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The weighted mean of Table 7 was 2.1 that show the Prototype

Blackboard Cleaner is fair in terms of its function.

Conclusion

After careful observation and analysis of data, the

researcher therefore concluded that the Prototype Blackboard

Cleaner was effective in cleaning the blackboard of school

classrooms.

Recommendations

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- The future researchers could add a vacuum cleaner to make the

eraser much cleaner and absorb more chalk dust in the Prototype

Blackboard Cleaner.

- The future researchers can attach a timer in the device for much

more convenience in cleaning the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner.

- Remote Control is also a good recommendation for the Prototype

Blackboard Cleaner for convenience and makes erasing the board

eraser.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Chalk- A calcium carbonate; a soft, white limestone, such a stone

or substitute used for drawing or writing.

Cleaner- A substance or device used for cleaning; a person,

employed to clean, a dry cleaner.

Currency- The time during which a thing is current; the state of

living in use;.

Eraser- A piece of rubber, etc for rubbing out marks or writing

Flexible Metal- Easily bent, pliable, adaptable, versatile; any

clan of chemical elements which are often lustrous, ductile

solids and are good conductor of heat, electricity, such as gold,

iron, copper, etc.

Motor - a machine that produces motion or power for doing work

Power Supply - an electronic device that supplies electric energy

to an electrical load.

Roller - a bearing in which the journal rotates in peripheral

contact with a number of rollers usually contained in a cage

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Relay - an electromagnetic device for remote or automatic control

that is actuated by variation in conditions of an electric

circuit and that operates in turn other devices (as switches) in

the same or a different circuit

Wirings - the system of wires that carry electricity in a

particular place, device, etc.

Appendix E

Time Table

July-August

1 September-December

2 January - July

3

August 2015

4

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Legend

1- Identifying the problem and securing approval of title.

2- Gathering data, information, RRL and formulating

methodology.

3- Experimentation and Title Defense

4- Final write up and Final Defense

Appendix F

Bibliography

http://nalualtitelpascal08.blogspot.com/2008/04/eggshell-as-

chalk.html?m=1, Nalual Titel Pascal, April 12, 2008

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http://www.studymode.com/essays/Chalk-Out-Of-Seashells-

939004.html, Gerald P. Raboy, March 2012

http://www.studymode/com/essays/Science-Project-

1474903.html?topic

http://prezi.com/rlt3bi-yg1bp/science-investigatory-

project/, Mich Cube, January 31, 2012

http://www.troydryerase.com/Chalk-Dust-Healthresearch.htm,

BJ Moore

www.foxnews.com/health/2013/05/02/is-chalk-dust-risk-for-

kids-with-milk-allergy, Dr. Clifford Bassett, May 2, 2013

https://www.cmich.edu/academics/off_campus_online/Bb_CMU/

Pages/Why_use_Blackboard.aspx

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Appendices

A. Computation of the weighted mean and significant difference

of trials.

B. Pictorials showing the materials and methods of the study.

C. Concept Design

D. Definition of terms

E. Time Table

F. Bibliography

G. Acknowledgement

H.

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Appendix A

Computed Mean

I. Time of Cleaning

Mean = T 1 + T 2 +T 3

N

= 11+14+123

= 373 = 12.33

II. Rate of Acceptability

a. Usability d. Function

WM = fxn

WM = fxn

= 3510

= 2110 = 3.5

= 2.1

b. Convenience

WM = fxn

= 2610

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= 2.6

c. Efficiency

WM = fxn

= 2410 = 2.4

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Appendix C- Concept Design

The concept design of the Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

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Appendix B

Materials and Equipment

Plywood (Lawanit) Pulleys

screw and other materials

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Preparation for the construction of the device

Construction of device

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Electrical Wiring and Testing

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Phase III- Testing the Effectiveness of the Device

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their heartfelt

gratitude to these persons who, in one way or another, made this

study possible.

To Mr. Isagani Musa, Research Adviser, for his patience,

guidance, suggestions and never-ending support;

Mr. Salvador Lo, Electronics teacher, who gave suggestions

and recommendations and try his best to assist the researchers

in the construction of device;

To their classmates and friends, who showed their support;

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To the Adviser and subject teachers of IV-SSC A , who

considered them during the conduct of their experimentation

during class hours;

To our beloved parents, for their love, encouragement and

support, financially, morally and spiritually; and

Above all, to Almighty God, for giving us life, knowledge,

wisdom and strength that made us determined in making this study

possible.

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Prototype Blackboard Cleaner

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