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Progress report on classifications for

Biodiversity Research

October 2006

This report is a result from the ERA-NET BiodivERsA- a project funded through the ERA-NET scheme of the 6th

Framework Programme

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www.eurobiodiversa.org

For further information on this report, please contact: Work Package 1 Belgian Science Policy Office (BelSPO) rue de la Science, 8 B-1000 BRUSSELS www.belspo.be Work-package leader : Jurgen Tack Jurgen.TACK@inbo.be

Work Package 4 Natural Environment Research Council Polaris House Swindon, Wiltshire SN2 7QB www.nerc.ac.uk Work-package leader: Pamela Kempton pdk@nerc.ac.uk

Authors: Estelle Balian (Belgium)

Angela Scialpi (Italy) Gerry Lawson (UK)

Jurgen Tack (Belgium) Marcello Buiatti (Italy)

For further information on the ERA-NET BiodivERsA programme, please contact:

BiodivERsA Secretariat Institut français de la biodiversité

57 rue Cuvier CP41 75231 Paris Cedex 05

France Tel: +33 (0)1 40 79 33 47 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 79 56 63 www.eurobiodiversa.org

Executive Manager: Flora Pelegrin

flora.pelegrin@gis-ifb.org

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Table of contents General Introduction...............................................................................................................6

1.1 WP1- Classification task............................................................................................6

1.2 WP4 Classification task .............................................................................................6

1.3 Structure of the Report...............................................................................................7 2 Analysis of existing approaches to classification in BiodivERsA organisations.................8

2.1 General information...................................................................................................8

2.2 Classification systems................................................................................................8

2.3 Thematic classification systems ...............................................................................10

2.4 Keyword systems.....................................................................................................12

2.5 Conclusions .............................................................................................................13 3 Developing a BiodivERsA classification system.............................................................14

3.1 Classification goals: .................................................................................................15

3.2 BiodivERsA Classification – Step 1: use of the Australian Standard Research Classification....................................................................................................................16

3.3 BiodivERsA Classification Step 2 : use of an Ecosystem/Taxa component ..............16

3.4 BiodivERsA Classification - Step 3: keywords and location indicators....................17 4 Follow up Activities on Classification for Biodiversity Research ....................................18 5 Annex I: the Frascati classifications of research type ......................................................19 6 Annex II Use of CBD Articles as classifier of research purpose. .....................................20 7 Annex III Application of Automatic Classification to project abstracts ..........................24

7.1 Methods...................................................................................................................24

7.2 Initial Results...........................................................................................................24 8 Annex IV: the Australian Standard Classification implemented in the BiodivERsA RIS.31 9 Annex V: UN Geographical classification .....................................................................34 10 Annex VI - Classifications used by BIODIVERSA Partner organisations .....................39

10.1 FWF classification system: ....................................................................................39

10.2 NFI classification system: ......................................................................................50

10.3 EstSF classification system: ...................................................................................54

10.4 FTC classificaton system: ......................................................................................55

10.5 NWO themes: ........................................................................................................57

10.6 The MEC classification system: .............................................................................58

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10.7 PT-DRL classification system:...............................................................................60

10.8 BELSPO Keyword optional lists:...........................................................................61

10.9 DEFRA Keyword / classification system: ..............................................................64

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Summary BiodivERsA is an ERA Net involving 19 major research funding agencies from 15 countries in Europe with significant research funding in the field of terrestrial, freshwater and marine biodiversity. The aim of BiodivERsA is to contribute to setting up a formal mechanism to ensure connection with the strategies, priorities and budgets of national research funding agencies and its objective for the period 2004-2008 is to achieve an efficient trans-national research co-operation in the field of biodiversity research funding.

The present report has been produced jointly by BiodivERsA Workpackage 1 and Workpackage 4:

WP1: inventory, description and classification of biodiversity research programmes and research funding programmes of ERA-Net members.

WP4: Information gathering and linkage of ERA-Net members programmes with developing countries.

This report completes the first overview of existing science classification systems presented in the WP1 workshop in October 2005 (Deliverable 1.3). The first section provides the results of a more detailed analysis performed by MUIR to identify characteristics, strengths and disadvantages of the science classification systems used by BiodivERsA members, and the second section proposes a basis for options to be used in the BiodivERsA programme and project databases.

The conclusions of the classifications analysis highlighted that “biodiversity” does not appear at the same classification level, and often is not connected to the same main division from a system to another and sometimes does not even appear in the classification as a classifier. Each organisation seems to have built its own system either on a “home-made” basis to meet internal needs or by making use of a national official research classification. As a consequence, there is little compatibility between these classifications. Classifying methodology is in most systems based on a direct input from researchers.

Based on this analysis and an overview on existing classification codes for research and development in Europe, WP1 proposed to a 3-step classification as a preliminary tool to enter data in the programme and project database. This 3-steps classification includes: 1) the Australian Research Standard Classification, 2) A biodiversity component on Habitats and taxa, 3) the possiblity to enter Keywords and geographical terms. A second phase will be carried out to consider the possibility to use the CBD articles and to perform key-wording analyses based on current biodiversity projects of BiodivERsA partners. In addition, a workshop on the classification issue for biodiversity research will take place in Brussels on November 9-10 2006 to present phase one results and preliminary results of phase two to BiodivERsA partners in order to agree on our future classification strategy.

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General Introduction

1.1 WP1- Classification task The objective of WP1 is to inventory all existing biodiversity research funding programmes in FP 6 countries and make information on EU, national and regional biodiversity research funding programmes available to all European citizens.

WP1 task 2 aims at “Developing common classifications of funding opportunities and programme management methodologies” (Task Leader: Italy - Ministero della Istruzione , Università e Ricerca- MIUR)

Deliverables task 2

• D1.3 Report on methods used by biodiversity research funding agencies in the EU

• D1.4 Report proposing a unified classification system within the EU for biodiversity research funding programmes

A first WP1 workshop was held in Florence, Italy in October 2005. The goals of the WP1 workshop on “information management and research classifications” were:

• to analyze the information gathered through the questionnaire and compiled in the Funding Agency Compendium-Task 1.1 and identify gaps.

• to identify classification methods used for biodiversity research programmes by research funding agencies in the EU . The results of the workshop should initiate a discussion/working process to define possible models for a unified classification system within the EU for biodiversity research funding programmes and their management methodologies (task 1.2)

1.2 WP4 Classification task Task 4.1 aims to ‘develop searchable databases of information on biodiversity programmes and field stations/labs funded by EU Member States in developing countries’. It cooperates closely with Task 1 in this. The specific objectives of Task 4.1 are:

• to develop common methodologies for classification of biodiversity research, following recommendations and structures of the Convention for Biological Diversity;

• to encourage national databases of biodiversity programmes and projects to adopt common classification methodologies;

• to establish a searchable European meta-database of information on joint EU-developing country biodiversity research projects, programmes and facilities

Deliverables related to this task are:

• D4.2 Report of scoping workshop on ‘classification of biodiversity research programmes and projects in the EU’ (jointly with WP1 – m4), and

• D4.7 Guidelines on national recording and classification of biodiversity projects (m24)

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To a large extent Deliverable 4.2 was covered by the contribution of Workpackage 4 staff to the Florence Workshop (Deliverable 1.3) however, progress has continue since that date and this report represents the final output of Deliverable 4.2. Deliverable 4.7 will complete the reporting of classification – and this is due in month 24.

1.3 Structure of the Report The first section of the report will address existing classifications.

The second section will present the current classification options implemented in BiodivERsA database.

Follow up activities and on-going discussions will be addressed as conclusions of this report

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2 Analysis of existing approaches to classification in BiodivERsA organisations

A first overview of existing science classification systems was presented at the WP1 workshop in October 2005. This report highlighted the fact that none of the existing schemas was ideal for the classification of biodiversity research. A more detailed analysis was performed by MUIR to identify characteristics, strengths and disadvantages of the science classification systems used by BiodivERsA members, and provide a basis for options to be used in the BiodivERsA programme and project databases.

The analysis addresses the following questions:

• what is the type and structure of the of classification used?

• are these standard international classifications, or developed specifically by the funding organisation?

• is ‘biodiversity’ specifically one of the classifiers?

• how are projects allocated to classifiers – is this done by the researchers themselves?

• are keywords used in addition to classifiers

2.1 General information Research classification and keyword systems are useful instruments, which generally aim at:

• consolidating the information on funded Research and Development (R&D) projects;

• evaluating and analyzing R&D funding

Several classification and keyword systems have been implemented in European funding agencies.

The objective of this analysis is to identify and compare the systems used by BiodivERsA partner organizations. Relevant information was compiled from the organisation websites. When information was not found or not sufficient, e-mails were sent to corresponding contact persons of partner organisations.

2.2 Classification systems From the analysis of compiled data, two main different classification systems have been identified. The first is based on wide–ranging scientific classifications, while the second relies upon classifications related to specific thematic areas.

2.2.1 Classifications covering a wide range of scientific subjects

The first type of classification includes systems used by the Hungarian Ministry for Environment and Water (MEW), the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the Research Council of Norway (RCN), the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), the Estonian Science Foundation (EstSF), the Portuguese Foundation of Science and Technology (FCT), the Netherlands Organisation for Research (NWO) and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC).

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Hungary- The MEW uses a three-step classification developed by the Hungarian current research information system (HunCRIS), into which all researches funded in Hungary, from January 2002, are allocated. The three classifications are:

1. The Hungarian official classification of academic fields. This system distinguishes between 8 broad fields of science (divisions) at the first level and 60 disciplines at the second level.

2. The Ortelius Thesaurus1: 2158 describers arranged in seven hierarchical levels. The first level is formed of 6 divisions, each one comprising different levels of under-ordered describers, concerning the various branches of the divisions.

3. A set of free keywords provided by the project leaders.

Each project manager is asked to select the relevant discipline from the Hungarian classification, then to choose describers from the Ortelius Thesaurus, and to enter three free-keywords.

Biodiversity is one of the third level expressions of the Ortelius Thesaurus. It includes 4 suborder describers (biodiversity characterization, conservation biology, risk assessment and sustainable exploitation) at the fourth level. These, in turn, include several subjects at the fifth level.

In the following five scientific classification systems, biodiversity is neither a discipline nor a subject.

Sweden- The national classification system (used by VR and SEPA) for research in Sweden is subdivided into four levels. The first level includes 10 divisions divided into 36 on the second level. The third and the fourth level comprise 187 disciplines and 485 subjects, respectively.

Austria- In the FWF classification system, scientific disciplines are based on the systematic classification defined by the Austrian science branch of Statistics. The classification is hierarchically organised in 6 divisions, 54 disciplines (nine for each division) and 1431 subjects. Each project is assigned by the project coordinators to a specific division and then into the most appropriate discipline and at least in one subject. In fact every project can name up to 4 subjects and assigned to each subject is a value for its scientific share in the project. Moreover 6 keywords further describe the scientific topics of the project.

Norway- The classification system of the Norwegian Research Database (NFI) is based on the scientific disciplines and subdivisions proposed by the Norwegian High School and University. It is organised in a hierarchical structure with 6 divisions (equivalent to those of the previously described Austrian system), 57 disciplines and 353 subjects.

Italy- The classification scheme of the Italian Research National Portal includes three different classification systems:

• The patent classification, adapted from the International Patent classification (IPC);

• The scientific classification based on the Italian official subdivisions of scientific and educational fields;

1 http://www.info.omikk.bme.hu/nkr1/CERIF/orteliustop.htm

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• The geographic classification including the 21 Italian regions.

The patent classification is a hierarchical system in which the whole area of technology is divided into sections, classes and subclasses. The scientific classification system is arranged in 14 divisions and 359 disciplines.

Every project proposal has to specify the division, the disciplines and the geographic classifier within which it can be allocated, as well as from three up to six free keywords.

Estonia- The EstSF classification system is less detailed. It is divided into eight divisions and 51 disciplines. The EstSF grants are awarded in these fields of research.

Although covering a wide scientific scope, three agencies classify their projects based on the thematic areas of their funding programmes:

Portugal- In the FCT classification, distinction between division and disciplines is unclear. The system is organised into 41 thematic areas and only some of them are divided into subjects (19 in total). The classification scientific disciplines mirror the principal scientific areas of the agency funding programmes. In addition, four keywords are assigned to each project. In this system “biodiversity and ecology” is a subject of the biological sciences.

The Netherlands- Research projects are classified by divisions, themes and funding programmes. Two programmes are related to biodiversity: “Biodiversity” and “Biodiversity in relation to climate change”

NWO classify their projects depending on the NWO research theme within which each of them is funded. The system uses nine research themes: cultural heritage, ethical and social aspects of research and innovation, shifts in governance, cognition and behaviour, fundamentals of life processes, system earth, digitalisation and information technology, nano-sciences, emerging technologies. These themes have been identified in the NWO Strategy Document compiled in 2001.

Spain- The MEC classification system is hierarchically organised in funding programmes, sub-programmes and thematic lines. Therefore, each project is classified first by determining its funding programme, then the sub-programme and then the thematic line. In this system, there is a specific sub-programme on biodiversity that includes five thematic lines: evolution of biodiversity, ecology, biodiversity loss, conservation and new technology. These, in turn, include several sub-themes.

2.3 Thematic classification systems A Classification system based on specific thematic areas is adopted by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the UK Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the project management agency of the German Aerospace Centre (PT-DLR), the Ireland Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the French Institute for Biodiversity (IFB).

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The UK- NERC- NERC system is a self-developed environmental classification including a set of three different classifications based on a) research fields, b) type of activity and c) the Nomenclature for the Analysis & Comparison of Science Programme & Budgets (NABS2)

The research field of a project uses four categories that span the whole range of Earth System Science supported by the Council:

• Science area (Atmospheric, Earth, Freshwater, Marine, Terrestrial)

• Secondary classification (Earth observation, Science-based Archaeology, Polar (North), Polar (South)

• Environmental and Natural Resource Issues (ENRIs), that includes 5 issues considered to be the most important ones facing the UK’s Environmental and Natural Resource Agenda (Biodiversity, Environmental Risks and Hazards, Natural Resource Management, Global Change, Pollution and Waste)

• Science topics: 51 detailed topics are present in this category

Each project is assigned to a single science area, a single secondary classification and proportionately allocated to up to 3 ENRIS and science topics.

The type of activity is classified using Frascati codes: a) Pure basic research, b) Orientated basic research; c) Applied strategic; d) Applied specific; e) Experimental development.

Each applicant is asked to allocate the project into one or more Frascati codes and to specify the percentage relevance of each code.

Sweden- FORMAS- As the national classification system in Sweden is rather simple and aggregated, other systems have been developed by various organizations in order to meet different needs. FORMAS divides research related to sustainable development into three main areas: environment and nature; agricultural sciences, animal and food; spatial planning. These three principal areas are divided into smaller subsidiary areas. Each subsidiary area is connected with various keywords to specify more precisely relevant scientific topics.

“Terrestrial ecology and biodiversity” and “aquatic ecology, biodiversity and fishing” are subsidiary areas within the research area “environment and nature”.

Germany- PT – DLR- R&D projects in the environmentally sound and sustainable development area are classified into three research areas. One of them concerns research on global change. It includes two sections (climate and atmospheric research and biosphere research) and several subsections. Biodiversity research is a subsection of biosphere research.

Ireland- EPA- Research project classification depends upon the core topic on which each of them is funded. All topics are environment related: air quality; biodiversity; cleaner

2 The NABS is “a functional classification for the analysis of public financing of R&D on the basis of the socio-economic objectives pursued by the central governments or stated by them in drafting their budgets and programmes, as opposed to a breakdown by institutions or groups of institutions to which funds are allocated”.

Eurostat concepts and definitions database: http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/bmethods/info/data/new/coded/en/all.htm

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production; climate change; land use, soil and transport; socio-economics; water quality; waste and resources management.

The UK- DEFRA- In the DEFRA’s database science projects are grouped under a list of policy related areas as well as allocated into a keyword system. In this system around 355 keywords are arranged in five hierarchical levels (Key Categories). The structure and content of the keyword list follows the Government Category List (GCL), a controlled vocabulary for the subject element of the e-Government Metadata Standard (e-GMS).

The DEFRA project officer has to select according to the hierarchy one term/word from each Key Category, which most closely relates to the primary purpose of each project. Not all projects necessary use 5 Key Categories. Moreover there is the option to associate further keywords to the projects, irrespective of the hierarchy and the structure of the list. There is no limit to the number of keywords that can be associated with a project.

Biodiversity is a word in the level 4 (fourth key category) of the classification and is associated to level 1= Environmental Protection, level 2= Land (level 3 = agricultural land+ wetlands) + Nature conservation (level 3: Habitat conservation + Marine conservation + wildlife conservation)

DEFRA undertake three research classifications on behalf of the UK Office of Science and Technology, who carries out research statistics across all Government Departments: a) the classification of the primary purpose of research funding, b) Frascati codes (see Annex 1), c) the NABS codes.

The classification of the primary purpose of research funding uses 4 classifiers: 1. General support for research 2. Government services 3. Policy support 4. Technology support

France- IFB- The IFB classification is exclusively related to biodiversity projects and it distinguishes between 3 categories: natural science projects, social science projects and transdisciplinary projects.

2.4 Keyword systems Some classifications allow additional keywords to be added by project managers. Only the Belgium Science Policy Office ( BELSPO) has an unsupervised keyword system with no external classification imposed. Each researcher has to specify an unlimited number of free keywords, in order to catalogue her/his research. Lists of thematic keywords are available to help the researcher choose appropriate words (Annex 10):

1. biodiversity unit: genetic /species /ecosystem diversity 2. research orientation: choice from the 5 former core projects of DIVERSITAS 3. habitat type: choice from the thematic programs of the CBD 4. research disciplines : choice from the list provided 5. geographical scope : choice from the list provided 6. taxonomical scope : choice from a list of phyla 7. cooperation status : national /European /international /developing countries

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2.5 Conclusions

2.5.1 Wide-range scientific classifications

Biodiversity is neither a division, discipline, nor a subject in 5 of these 9 scientific classification systems. Six systems are based on a hierarchical scientific research classification. Three systems use list of thematic areas and only in one of them the list is hierarchical. Two systems combine more than one classification (Hungary and Italy). One system (FWF) uses percentages in project allocation to subjects. At least three systems provide a set of free keywords.

The difference in the number of divisions between the scientific classifications is mainly due to the fact that some systems such as FWF and NFI classifications allocate a single division to all “natural sciences” (mathematics included), while other systems split natural sciences into separate divisions.

These differences have consequences in the lower levels, for example, “genetics” is a subject of the classification systems of FWF and NFI, while it is a discipline of the classification systems of MIUR and EstSF.

2.5.2 Thematic classifications

Thematic classifications are closely related to the Environment. Only IFB (France) is specifically targeting biodiversity but its classification only differentiates natural, social and trans-disciplinary projects.

All classifications include “Biodiversity” as a classifier but at different levels of the classifications.

One organisation, NERC, uses percentages in project allocation to classification categories and combines more than one classification.

2.5.3 Keyword systems

BelSPO does not associate projects to any research fields. Researchers are responsible for keyword choice. They can associate as many freely chosen keywords as they want without requirements but they have optional thematic lists available to help them make the appropriate choice.

2.5.4 General conclusions

When included in the classification as a classifier, “biodiversity” does not appear at the same classification level, and often is not connected to the same main division from a system to another.

Each organisation seems to have built its own system either on a “home-made” basis to meet internal needs or by making use of a national official research classification. As a consequence, there is little compatibility between these classifications.

Classifying methodology is in most systems based on a direct input from researchers. In most cases, the project leader classifies his/her project into one or several divisions, disciplines and/or subjects and/or provides a set of free keywords.

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3 Developing a BiodivERsA classification system WP1 leader, Jurgen Tack, performed a preliminary analysis of existing Research and Development (R&D) classification systems (June 2005). He highlighted that most classification systems addressed:

1. The type of activities or research effort (Frascati classes)

2. The Research fields, courses and disciplines: classification includes recognised academic disciplines, major fields of research and emerging areas of study. R&D activity is classified according to the research undertaken. In this respect, it is the nature of the R&D itself that is being catagorised, rather than the purpose of the R&D or the activity of the performing unit.

3. The Socio-economic objectives too classify R&D data according to the perceived purpose. It takes into account processes, products, health, education and other social and environmental aspects of particular interest.

4. The Strategic significance: Regional, National, International

5. The Research capacity: Infrastruture and Research performance

He could identify 398 different coding systems used in the 25 European member states, from which only 6% were fully compatible with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) standard. Although there are 75 research classification codes currently used in Australia, one of the Australian codes seems especially complete and is compliant with OECD: The Australian Standard Research Classification.

Although it could be a useful analyzing tool, a new biodiversity classification would add further complexity to these existing classifications, and it would not be easily adopted by funding agencies who have devised their own classifications to cover wider areas of research than simply biodiversity, and who value stability in classifications as a prerequisite for analysis of historical trends. It is unlikely that agencies would adopt classification systems developed by a short-term project such as an ERA-Net.

The BiodivERsA Florence workshop3 agreed to investigate a classification system based on a first phase where approximately 200 biodiversity related keywords would be identified from the CBD (Convention for Biological Diversity) controlled vocabulary and the GEMET dictionary (General Multilingual Environmental Thesaurus), and a second stage cluster analysis based on the keywords mutual occurrence in project abstracts

This approach has proven difficult:

• The CBD controlled vocabulary contains 850 biodiversity-related keywords, but most are focused on biodiversity policy, conservation and management rather than research. Nonetheless WP4 has argued that classification of international biodiversity research in relation to the relevant CBD Articles (14 of these are appropriate) will be of considerable benefit to member states who use these Articles in reporting to the CBD Clearinghouse (see Annex I).

3 http://www.eurobiodiversa.org/rich_files/attachments/D1.3-WP1WorkshopFlorence.pdf

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• GEMET is a huge multilingual thesaurus with 5298 Descriptors and 109 Top terms, but it is difficult to objectively extract terms which cover the range of biodiversity research projects funded by members agencies. Semi-automatic classification of abstracts is still seen as a medium-term goal of BiodivERsA and will be described within the Deliverable 4.7 report due at month 24 (see Annex II)

As an alternative for the BiodivERsA information system, Workpackage 1 has implemented a three-steps classification method that makes use of already existing and validated classification systems and keyword lists.

3.1 Classification goals: The goals of an effective classification system are:

• Enabling researchers to extract information on projects elsewhere in Europe related to their interests, where selection criteria include general scientific fields, specialist biodiversity terms, geographical scope and policy related issues.

• Enabling programme managers to apply modern business tools to analyse funding, outputs and facilities devoted to specific thematic areas.

• Enabling programme managers to compare programmes across Europe for issues like, overlap, gaps, output efficiency, forward looks etc.

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3.2 BiodivERsA Classification – Step 1: use of the Australian Standard Research Classification

Based on the overview of existing research classifications (see previous section), WP1 has implemented the Australian Standard Research Classification (ASRC) developed for the measurement and analysis of research and experimental development (R&D) in Australia. The ASRC is closely related to OECD ‘Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development’. The OECD classification is THE internationally recognized methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics. includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling statistics and also contains standards for measurement of service-sector R&D, R&D globalisation, and R&D human resources4

The Australian Standard Research Classification is a set of three related classifications: a) type of activity; b) research fields, c) socio-economic objective. For our purposes only the two first levels of classification will be implemented

3.2.1 Type of Activity (Frascati Classes, Annex 1):

This classification allows R&D activity to be categorised according to the type of research effort: (definitions from ASRC 1998). These are similar to those used in the UK by NERC and DEFRA.

3.2.2 Research fields, courses and disciplines classification (RFCD)

The classification is arranged in a hierarchical structure with 24 Divisions, 139 Disciplines and 898 Subjects. A research project is to be allocated to a RFCD subject by first determining the division it relates to, then the most relevant disciple and then the most relevant subject. We only kept the second and third levels for relevant divisions to make the use of the classification easier. (Annex 4)

3.3 BiodivERsA Classification Step 2 : use of an Ecosystem/Taxa component

A biodiversity component has been added to enter information on taxon-specific research and on targeted habitat/ecosystems based on the CBD thematic programmes and on an optional list of more specific habitats (compiled from the IUCN Habitat authority file)

Classification Level 1 Taxonomy

Taxon specific Taxon non specific Unspecified

Classification .Level 2: Habitat/Ecosystems

Thematic Programs of the CBD (mandatory)

- Agricultural Biodiversity - Dry and Sub-Humid lands biodiversity - Forest Biodiversity - Inland Waters Biodiversity

4 http://www.oecdbookshop.org

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- Marine and Coastal Biodiversity -Island Biodiversity -Mountain Biodiversity

More specific habitats (suggested keywords) (optional) Unspecified

- Lakes & Ponds - Streams and Rivers - Wetlands - Brackish waters - Riparian zone - coastal and intertidal zones - Pelagic zone - Benthic zone - Abyssal zone - Coral reef - Estuaries -Cave and subterranean habitats - Cultivated and artificial habitats - Deserts - Tropical and subtropical forests - Temperate forests - Boreal Forests (Taiga) - Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub (Chaparrals) - Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Temperate Grasslands - Montane grasslands and shrublands - Tundra - Mangrove - Others (free text option)

3.4 BiodivERsA Classification - Step 3: keywords and location indicators

We have implemented a complementary process that allows additional free-text keywords, or controlled-vocabulary based keywords to be added to programme and project descriptions. 850 terms in the CBD controlled vocabulary are provided to the user. If these are not suitable he/she can enter free-text keywords in a second field.

In addition, the programme or project can be associated with a regional and country index term – using the United Nations geographical classification including continental, regional and country level (Annex 5)

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4 Follow up Activities on Classification for Biodiversity Research

This report summarizes the first working phase carried out on classification for biodiversity research. The issue has revealed itself more complex than expected and several activities are still in progress to define an adequate classification for biodiversity programmes and projects. The implementation of the 3 steps strategy in the BiodivERsA system is a primary attempt to provide a tool for programme managers to enter their data in the system but it should evolve and be completed by the results of these on-going activities:

A second phase will consider the possibility to use the CBD articles (Annex 2) and to perform key-wording analyses based on current biodiversity projects of BiodivERsA partners (Annex 3). These mechanisms for semi-automated allocation of index words and classification will be explored, with the aim of developing procedures which can be applied with little effort on future projects.

A workshop on classification for biodiversity research will take place in Brussels on November 9-10 2006 to present the results of phases one and two to BiodivERsA partners and to agree on which strategy should be implemented to classify biodiversity research projects in order to facilitate retrieval and search of projects but also reporting and statistical analyses.

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5 Annex I: the Frascati classifications of research type The WP4 Vienna workshop recommended that the type of research should also be recorded in BiodivERsA databases. The 5 Frascati classes were recommended

1. Basic Research - original investigation carried out to gain new knowledge. It does not have any specific practical aim or use, but the organisation doing the research can use it in an area they are interested in.

Basic research can be split into pure and orientated:

• • Pure Basic Research - which is carried out for the advancement of knowledge, without working for long-term economic or social benefits and with no positive efforts being made to apply the results to practical problems or to transfer the results to sectors responsible for its application.

• • Orientated Basic Research - which is carried out with the expectation that it will produce a broad base of knowledge likely to form the background to the solution of recognised or expected current or future problems or possibilities.

2. Applied Research - original investigation carried out to gain new knowledge. It has a specific practical aim.

Applied research can be split into strategic and specific:

3. Strategic Research - applied research where the work has practical aims, but no specific uses have been worked out for it yet. Strategic applied research can be initiated by researchers doing basic research where the research will probably have a practical use, but this has not been worked out as yet. Alternatively, government departments can initiate strategic applied research by asking for it to be carried out. It can be difficult to distinguish between strategic applied research and orientated basic research.

4. Specific Research - applied research aimed at specific products, processes or systems.

5. Experimental Development - using knowledge we already have to develop and test new materials, devices, products, processes, systems or services. This includes designing, building and using prototypes and pilot plants.

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6 Annex II Use of CBD Articles as classifier of research purpose. The WP4 Vienna workshop, and the WP1 Florence workshop recommended that CBD Articles be seriously considered as a classification which represents the ‘social purpose’ of biodiversity research. The relevant classes (and explanations) are opportunities for semi-automatic classification of projects. It is hoped to apply this classification during the next 6 months – certainly to overseas projects.

Article Title Description

6 General Measures for Conservation and Sustainable use

Research on: National strategies, plans and programmes for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity integrating conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity into relevant sectoral or cross-sectoral plans and policies. Research on: a) Idenfication of biodiversity components important for conservation and sustainable use

b) Monitoring methods c) Identifying processes and activities which have particularly adverse impacts conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity

7 Identification and Monitoring

d) Methods to maintain and optimise the use of identification and monitoring data Research on: a) protected areas where special measures are needed to conserve biodiversity; b) guidelines for selection, establishment and management of protected or special conservation areas:

c) management of biological resources important for conservation of biodiversity within or outside protected areas; d) protecting ecosystems, natural habitats and viable populations of species in natural habitats;

e) promoting environmentally sound sustainable development in buffer zones; f) rehabilitation and restoration of degraded areas and recovery of threatened species;

g) regulation or control of risks associated with use and release of living modified organisms arising from biotechnology

8 In situ conservation

h) prevent introduction of, or controlling/eradicationing alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species;

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i) conditions needed for compatibility the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of its components; j) maintaining knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous communities for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including equitable sharing of the benefits.

k) developing or maintaining necessary legislation for protection of threatened species and populations; l) regulate or manage negative effects on biodiversity

m) cooperate in providing financial and other support for in situ conservation. Research on: a) measures for ex-situ conservation of biodiversity components b) establishing facilities for ex-situ conservation and research on plants, animals and micro-organisms - preferably in the country of origin c) measures for recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and their reintroduction in natural habitats; d) regulation and management of collections of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation so as not to

9 Ex-situ conservation

threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species; Research on: a) integration of conservation and sustainable use of biological resources into national decision making; b) use of measures controling the use of natural resources to minimize adverse impacts on biological diversity; c) protecting customary use of biological resources in accordance with traditional cultural practices;

d) supporting local populations to develop and implement remedial action in degraded areas where biological diversity has been reduced

10 Sustainable use of components of biodiversity

e) encourage cooperation between governmental authorities and the private sector in developing methods for sustainable use of components of biological resources

11 Incentive Measures Research on the use of economically and socially sound measure that act as incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity

12 Research and Training

22

a) programmes for scientific and technical education and training in measures for identification, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and support for education and training in developing countries

b) promotion and encouragement of research contributing to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, particularly in developing countries

c) promotion and cooperation in the use of scientific advances in biodiversity research and conservation/sustainable use of biological resources

13 Public education and awareness

Research on promoting understanding of the importance of measures required for conservation of biological diversity, and for propagation through media and educational programmes.

Research on: a) procedures for environmental impact assessment of projects likely to have adverse effects on biological diversity; b) ensuring that environmental consequences of policies on biodiversity are accounted for;

c) promotion notification exchange of information and consultation on activities which are likely to affect the biodiversity of states or areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction;

d) in the case of imminent of grave danger or damage initiate activities to quantify and mitigate such damage to other countries or areas; e) promotion of national emergency responses to activities or grave events and encouragement of international cooperation to supplement national efforts

14 Impact assessment and minimising adverse effects

f) valuation of biological diversity and compensation for damage. Research on: a) national sovereign rights to determine access to genetic resources; b) creation of conditions to facilitate access to genetic resources for environmentally sound uses;

15 Access to genetic resources

c) equitable sharing of research results and benefits arising from research. 16 Access to and transfer of

technology Research on: a) facilitation of transfer of technologies relevant to conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity under mutually agreed terms. b) ensuring that the private sector facilitate access to and joint development of biological resources; c) patents and legal aspects of protection of biological resources

23

17 Exchange of information Research on: facilitation of exchange of results of technical, scientific and socio-economic research taking into account the special needs of developing countries (including repatriation where possible).

18 Technical and Scientific cooperation

Research on: a) Promotion of international technical and scientific cooperation in the field of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, where necessary through the appropriate international and national institutions; b) Promotion of national capabilities including human resources development institution building and exchange of experts; c) Establishment of a clearing-house mechanism; d) Promotion of joint research programmes and joint ventures for development of technologies relevant to the objectives of the convention.

19 Handling of Biotechnology and Distribution of benefits

Research on: a) legislative administrative and policy measures to provide for effective participation in biotechnology research by countries which provide genetic resources; b) providing fair access to results and benefits arising from biotechnologies on mutually agreed terms; c) develop a protocol for safe transfer, hand-line and use of any living modified organism resulting from biotechnology that may have adverse effect on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity; d) provide information on the use and safety regulations required by contracting parties in handline such organisms.

Research on handling of biotechnology and distribution of benefits

90 Inland water ecosystems 91 Marine and coastal

biodiversity 92 Agricultural biological

diversity 93 Forest biological diversity 94 Biological diversity of dry

and sub-humid lands

Research located in these habitats

95 Mountain biodiversity

24

7 Annex III Application of Automatic Classification to project abstracts

This report presents the classification or keywording systems of BiodivERsA members, and confirms that they are unwilling to reclassify their biodiversity projects according to a common classification identified by the ERA-Net. This could be done but would take significant effort, and would only give a snapshot of current projects. It would be very unlikely to be maintained into the future, and would have no legacy for other areas of science. Thus mechanisms for semi-automated allocation of index words and classification must be explored, with the aim of developing procedures which can be applied with little effort on future projects.

7.1 Methods Thus the planned approach of WP1 and WP4 is:

1. Collect project title, abstract and keyword data from biodiversity projects submitted by as many BiodivERsA members as possible

2. Translate abstracts into a common language (this was most easily done into English).

3. Use bibliographic indexing software to identify index terms which occur sufficiently frequently to represent common themes in most country’s projects.

4. Refine the index terms manually to select synonyms and reduce the number of terms to a manageable number.

5. Use this supervised classification process to develop ‘authority files’ where index terms or combinations of terms are used to classify projects into a smaller number of classes, based on a common classification.

6. Assess the quality of the automatic classification using ‘experts’ to provide a manual classification, and progressively modify the ‘authority file’ to lean from any errors identified.

7. Email the classification to project leaders, collect their revisions and again modify the ‘authority file’ accordingly.

And as a parallel process to step (5) it is possible to map the classification terms used by different countries against a standard classification system – initially the Australian Standard Research Classification is suggested

As an alternative to step (3) a number of more sophisticated semantic tools area available (e.g. ‘Autonomy’ - which more comprehensively look at the semantic proximity of words (semantic distance for matching algorithms) and logical dependencies (a tulip is a flower).

7.2 Initial Results Steps 1-2

A total of 1222 titles and abstracts have been collected from 12 BiodivERsA members:

25

BelSPO (20); EPA_Ireland (17); Est_ST (24); FORMAS (110); HunCRIS (57); IFB_ANR (57); MEC (264); MIUR (25); NERC (596); NWO (30); Pt-DLR (29); SEPA (11).

Step 3

An evaluation version of TExtract has been used to build up an initial file of index words. TExtract is book indexing software that is normally focuses on back-of-the-book indexes for the printed publications. I.e. It normally lists the index word first, followed by the pages on which it occurs. However a modification was commissioned to print page (or project code) followed by all the index words occurring on that page.

First, TExtract creates the initial index, without having to run through the text to add or mark index terms. Next, users inspect, select, add and edit index terms and references in context, by means of dedicated navigation and editing facilities. Finally an authority file (e.g. the CBD controlled vocabulary) can be used to limit the index terms selected, and the TExtract index terms can be used to refine synonyms within this Authority file.

Steps 4-7 have not yet been completed – and will be reported in Deliverable 4.7, due in month 24.

The following table illustrates unsupervised TExtract output for CBD controlled vocabulary terms only (but only those which begin with the letters A-H since this is produced with a test version of TExtract) for a subset of NERC projects.

CBD terms are proving too restrictive for the description of scientific research projects, and will have to be significantly extended.

CBD Controlled Vocabulary Terms and occurrence in numbered projects (using text occurrences in abstracts only)

A

Access

to genetic resources 291, 1139

to the sea 291, 643, 655, 656

Adverse

environmental impacts 206, 529

impacts 206, 529, 1043

Agricultural

development 5, 51, 137, 282, 293, 306, 314, 366, 459, 534, 535, 557, 841, 1034-1036, 1167, 1212

policies 305, 1166, 1212, 1213

resources 33, 78, 289, 337, 556, 557, 1212, 1218

Agriculture 5, 54, 78, 108, 143, 144, 193, 212, 213, 230, 270, 278, 287-290, 314, 315, 332, 1034-1036, 1041

Agroecosystems 33, 78, 293, 295, 315, 556, 557, 561

33, 150, 315

Agronomy 469, 561

Air pollution 83, 908, 1037-1039

Alien species 2, 7, 303, 307, 372, 470, 586, 843, 936, 1181

Alpine ecosystems 310, 368

Animal

79-81, 86, 91, 179, 453, 462-464, 558, 559, 589, 590, 614, 647, 648, 670, 671, 673, 674, 911, 924, 941

agriculture 108, 475, 1221

biology 18, 108, 197, 452, 476, 477, 480, 538, 609, 653, 945, 1191

biotechnology 835

breeding 36, 85, 197, 401, 453, 463, 464, 475, 477, 491, 509-511, 613, 722, 847, 871, 872, 876

26

collections 43, 51, 281, 464, 925, 1194, 1198-1200

genetic resources 80, 371, 561, 1193

genetics 16, 18, 27, 79-81, 108, 115, 151, 197, 224, 453, 462-464, 673, 674, 871, 872, 911, 1078, 1079

husbandry 475

introductions 151, 456, 965, 1157

migration 397, 512, 559, 837, 877

population 21, 22, 38, 39, 42, 43, 79-81, 86, 91, 179, 453, 456, 462-464, 484, 589, 590, 647, 941, 1155

production 79, 81, 116, 243, 475, 509, 575, 580, 647, 649, 757, 820, 942, 1192

resources 80, 134, 151, 394, 557, 649, 652, 687, 758, 818, 871, 872, 876, 892, 941, 1155

sciences 232, 282, 375, 455, 490, 561, 655, 806, 967

Animals

79-81, 86, 91, 179, 453, 462-464, 558, 559, 589, 590, 614, 647, 648, 670, 671, 673, 674, 911, 924, 941

pests 457, 504

Appropriate

procedures 654

technology 260, 661-664

Aquaculture 101, 193, 202, 213, 260, 546, 547, 658, 1138

Aquatic

ecosystems 26, 87, 88, 105, 157, 162, 163, 199, 211, 220, 221, 309, 310, 340, 576, 612, 626, 627, 1170, 1172

environment 105, 141, 157, 199, 260, 304, 338, 340, 626, 627, 629, 630, 845, 905, 1063, 1141, 1142, 1145

Arid

climate 54, 99, 100, 176, 189, 521, 883

lands 61, 73, 606

soils 54, 61, 99, 100, 109, 176, 189, 241, 258, 605, 606, 754

zones 99, 171, 191, 230

Atmosphere 63, 87, 301, 311, 526, 583, 605, 606, 746, 761, 812, 845, 858, 1005, 1006, 1037-1040, 1146, 1147

Atmospheric CO2 63, 524, 543, 578, 644, 668, 928, 1069, 1085, 1086, 1174, 1209

Atmospheric pollution 95, 908, 1038-1040

B

Banks 13, 50, 74, 88, 485, 794, 829

Beaches 46, 162, 163, 200, 358, 669, 902

Benefit sharing 1187, 1208

Bilateral conventions 1178

Biodiversity 1-7, 16-18, 25-27, 143-145, 287-291, 389-397, 420-428, 552-560, 602-606, 658-664, 865-872, 1165-1170, 1172-1176, 1201-1208, 1215-1219

Bioindicators 141, 211, 239, 278, 295, 1210

Biological

development 1, 8, 25, 35, 54, 70, 282, 558, 559, 667, 668, 1050, 1087, 1088, 1178, 1181-1183, 1189, 1190, 1213, 1214

diversity

9, 25, 45, 70, 94-96, 112, 241-243, 268, 269, 276-278, 460, 525, 526, 559-561, 865-867, 1178-1180, 1185-1187

conservation 1, 4, 25, 92, 93, 108, 109, 112, 217, 278, 536, 537, 560, 562, 759, 1163, 1183-1185, 1188-1190

indicators 1, 10, 25, 179, 227, 278, 287, 288, 304, 718, 790, 1184

markers 8, 69, 93, 102, 108, 114, 267, 308, 560, 574, 790, 1050, 1099

monitoring 8, 25, 119, 210, 226, 242, 278, 459, 462, 473, 554, 555, 791, 1210, 1214

parameters 111, 119, 154, 186, 217, 241, 277, 312, 460, 562, 829, 1023, 1090, 1130

plant protection 305, 459, 524, 526

Biology 54, 108, 109, 125, 126, 137, 178, 197, 476-478, 489, 607-609, 633-640, 669, 685, 747, 748, 1031-1033, 1148

27

Biosphere reserves 111, 143, 144, 287, 288, 519, 667

Biotechnology 245, 262, 497, 498, 661-664, 835, 1139

Biotypes 172

Birds 47, 48, 84, 85, 165, 185, 210, 239, 240, 274, 314, 484, 552, 553, 570, 674, 849, 951-953, 1217

Boreal forests 369, 383, 406, 438, 439, 811, 993

Botany 324, 465, 488, 500, 508

Businesses 1165, 1166

C

Canopy 77, 457, 558, 779, 783, 933, 1005, 1090

Capacity building 146, 1143

Certification 468

Chromosome maps 324, 470, 477, 950

Classification 11, 12, 24, 57, 111, 117, 118, 152, 169, 195, 243, 321, 786, 1054, 1176

Climate

99, 100, 176, 231, 269, 270, 284, 311, 542-544, 546-548, 620, 621, 812, 813, 831-833, 1015, 1016, 1034-1036, 1146, 1147, 1170-1176

change 176, 231, 269, 270, 284, 311, 542, 543, 546-548, 560, 620, 621, 813, 831-833, 1015, 1016, 1034-1036, 1146, 1147, 1170-1176

hazards 952

Climatic

change 3, 95, 111, 147, 167, 227, 230, 231, 255-257, 270, 449, 522, 523, 526, 548, 620, 621, 1170-1172

effects 3, 95, 111, 147, 167, 226, 227, 230, 231, 263, 264, 270, 526, 536, 544, 545, 548, 1014, 1170, 1171

Coastal

are 11, 12, 22, 95, 141, 142, 148, 266, 312, 313, 323, 711, 768, 924, 965, 966, 992, 1046, 1217

development 12, 309, 313, 551, 966, 992, 1012, 1041

ecosystems 56, 95, 141, 142, 309, 312, 430, 554, 555

environments 95, 141, 142, 524, 924, 965, 966, 1046

waters 11, 12, 22, 313, 440, 551, 923, 1012

Collections 4, 13, 43, 49, 51, 96, 135, 136, 201, 208, 265, 502, 503, 533, 1139, 1175, 1197-1200

Commercial utilization genetic resources 1139

Communication

(information) 167, 658, 674, 1077, 1119, 1201

technology 1201

Community participation 354, 1209, 1213

Conservation genetic resources 4, 74, 288, 291, 307, 320, 337, 467, 468, 561, 1163, 1187, 1188, 1193

Contaminants 20, 42, 83, 149, 213, 262, 669, 675, 717, 974, 1023

Continental shelves 9, 546, 547, 845

Contracts 152, 208, 517, 526, 813, 831-833, 947

Convention on Biological Diversity 1178, 1185

Cooperation 75, 197, 248, 453, 819, 1149, 1187

Coral reefs 584, 852, 1154, 1175

Corals 145, 146, 578, 584, 852, 935, 1154, 1175

Crop

production 460, 467, 498, 1167

protection 306, 457, 460, 482, 498, 504, 1167

Crops 3, 33, 78, 289, 306, 315, 429, 457, 460, 467, 469, 498, 522, 523, 1034-1041, 1167

Cultivars 4, 271, 492, 494, 497

Cultivated

species 4, 23, 134, 337, 371, 379, 400, 457, 464, 498, 522, 541, 830, 1215

varieties 4, 271, 498, 522, 523

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D

Damage

3, 33, 58, 134, 145, 146, 190, 206, 211, 221, 229, 309, 315, 328, 856, 1037-1040

biological diversity 33, 134, 211

Decision making 25, 162, 163, 558, 659, 660, 697, 699, 840, 911, 1001, 1168, 1207, 1219

Demography 53, 92, 140, 196, 212, 240, 442, 613, 794, 797, 815, 829, 992, 1002, 1210

Desert climate 685

Desertification 159, 176, 227, 285, 286

Deserts 159, 171, 176, 212, 227, 285, 286, 685, 754

Deterioration 207, 221, 731

Determination species 43, 48, 52, 58, 99, 203, 209, 218, 225, 229, 241, 287, 288, 302, 304, 509

Developing countries 25, 1178

Development

agencies 658, 1145, 1146

aid 944

banks 13, 74

indicators 1, 19, 61, 73, 75, 179, 227, 295, 304, 409, 558, 790, 1013, 1134, 1168

plans 27, 305, 320, 1213, 1219

policies 24, 217, 305, 658, 1178, 1212, 1219

projects 101, 162, 163, 202, 241, 318, 1135, 1212, 1214, 1219

research 24, 51, 52, 70, 241, 314, 459, 475, 671, 778, 943, 1037-1040, 1146, 1147, 1189, 1190, 1207, 1213, 1214

strategy 24, 139, 293, 671, 962, 1145

Diffusion

information 160

research 160

DNA 93, 94, 117, 118, 150, 152, 153, 204, 217, 218, 615, 793, 830, 846-848, 967, 998, 1056, 1062, 1080, 1081

Domesticated species 484, 1034-1036

Dominant species 54, 481, 516, 545, 623, 652, 723, 801, 880, 1174

Drought 58, 113, 150, 155, 229, 231, 235, 241, 469, 470, 521, 543, 1171, 1191

Dry climate 304, 525, 746, 761

E

Ecological

indicators 1, 10, 19, 31, 45, 109, 143, 144, 158, 159, 181, 186, 230, 287, 288, 295, 304, 1212

monitoring 8, 38, 62, 83, 186, 210, 239, 293, 459, 473, 548, 565, 592, 602, 809

science 171, 232, 375, 655, 1034-1036, 1041, 1109, 1212

zones 56, 141, 150, 191, 231, 322, 410, 520, 545, 549, 561, 617, 1047, 1048

Ecology 14, 15, 168, 197, 245, 537, 538, 552, 553, 576, 577, 583, 584, 590-592, 600-602, 633-640, 653, 654, 659-664, 1024-1033, 1153-1156

Economic

agreements 1178

development 1, 19, 61, 70, 162, 163, 293, 305, 314, 315, 517, 790, 840, 958, 1167, 1168, 1182, 1207, 1208

indicators 1, 19, 61, 189, 304, 790, 1168, 1184

management instruments 1178

policies 305, 1178

resources 33, 162, 163

Ecosystem

approach 25, 40, 82, 86, 87, 279, 280, 296, 310, 329, 330, 559, 603, 604, 626-630, 658, 867-870, 1168, 1169, 1210

diversity 5, 6, 22, 23, 25, 26, 73, 134, 243, 394, 395, 537, 561, 603-606, 868, 955, 1154, 1174, 1185, 1186

Ecosystems 5, 6, 22-27, 73, 142-144, 176, 278-280, 285-288, 309-312, 537, 538,

29

544-548, 554-557, 602-606, 868-870, 955, 956, 1174

Ecotypes 104, 1083

Education 91, 1197

Educational programmes 260

EIA 107, 1219

Endangered

animal species 43, 465

flora 250, 1205

plant species 36, 43, 102, 250, 259, 320, 465, 466, 624, 826, 1205, 1209

species 43, 57, 74, 92, 102, 196, 207, 250, 254, 259, 320, 323, 465, 466, 624, 731

Endemic

organisms 171, 616

plants 65, 102, 109, 164, 171, 241, 308, 751, 952

population 36, 54, 65, 91, 102, 119, 164, 208, 217, 241, 466, 751

species 34, 54, 65, 73, 91, 102, 109, 111, 119, 129, 164, 171, 178, 466, 500

varieties 467

Enterprises 59, 260

Environment 15-17, 69, 147, 190, 215, 239, 240, 483, 484, 558, 597, 603-606, 624-627, 629-632, 1037-1040, 1103-1105, 1136

Environmental

awareness 14, 201, 415, 529, 1143

biology 54, 108, 119, 137, 172, 197, 214, 327, 384, 386, 437, 452, 633-640, 747, 748, 895

contamination 221, 282

degradation 43, 61, 157, 189, 260, 328, 676, 1208

deterioration 207, 221

development 51, 52, 162, 163, 261, 282, 293-295, 309, 314, 459, 546, 547, 625-627, 667, 668, 735, 736, 954, 1034-1036, 1213, 1214

economics 14, 25, 33, 61, 136, 137, 162, 163, 190, 213, 293, 298, 314, 494, 522, 523, 661-664, 1208

education 91

impact

78, 207, 293-296, 303, 314, 322, 327, 328, 442, 522, 523, 537-540, 546, 547, 590, 626, 627, 629, 630, 899, 900

assessment 5, 7, 78, 149, 165, 202, 303, 626, 627, 629, 630, 1106, 1130, 1219

indicators 25, 61, 75, 143, 144, 158, 159, 179, 189, 225, 230, 265, 285-288, 295, 304, 409, 1212

information

exchange 53, 79, 81, 782, 816

networks 659

labelling 25, 689, 848, 1042

law 25

legislation 1219

management

13, 14, 25, 33, 77-79, 102, 161-163, 196, 213, 304-306, 450, 451, 562, 658, 659, 1034-1036, 1108, 1117, 1118

indicators 25, 55, 75, 181, 189, 295, 304, 409, 718, 1184, 1212

monitoring 24, 25, 62, 63, 82, 83, 95, 119, 149, 210, 239, 242, 293, 302, 442, 533, 554, 555, 1209, 1210

policy 295-297, 463, 537, 655, 658, 659, 1001, 1208, 1212, 1213

pollution 63, 64, 95, 148, 220, 239, 310, 451, 626, 627, 629, 630, 676, 953, 1037, 1121, 1129

priorities 195

protection 63, 112, 150, 302, 305, 323, 328, 451, 457, 459, 524, 658, 965

quality indicators 75, 181, 285, 304, 1184, 1212

research 95, 158, 159, 193, 196, 201, 202, 231, 242, 285, 286, 458-460, 655, 658, 659, 661-664, 973, 974, 1034-1036, 1213, 1214

risk assessment 7, 24, 78, 149, 162, 163, 239

30

training 661-664, 1001, 1144

Erosion 27, 40, 102, 176, 227

Estuarine ecosystems 162, 586, 689, 868-870

Evaluation

24, 74, 95, 96, 143, 144, 158, 159, 207, 285-288, 309, 381, 382, 468, 508, 509, 554, 555, 1185, 1186, 1189, 1217-1219

techniques 4, 74, 96, 159, 207, 508, 735, 802, 893, 1001, 1144, 1164

Exchange information 53, 79, 81, 782, 816, 942

Exotic

species 2, 24, 45, 101, 134, 198, 202, 254, 456

varieties 101, 202

Experimentation 277, 655, 753, 865-867

Experiments 67, 77, 78, 183, 280, 309, 310, 524-526, 696-701, 750-753, 822, 823, 865-875, 886, 887, 956, 957, 1158, 1159, 1162, 1170-1172

Expert 451, 854, 957, 1144

Ex-situ conservation 4

F

Fauna 7, 12, 28, 54, 120-129, 199, 232, 237, 268, 272, 313, 314, 396, 558, 616, 1085, 1086

Feasibility studies 918, 1102, 1167, 1216

Feed resources 323, 652, 905, 944

Financial

institutions 1197

mechanism 1197

support 1197

Financing $ 421

Firms $ 464, 710

NOTE: This is a trial project - no more than 200 entries are exported.

Please visit www.textract.com/evaluation.php and send us your evaluation of the software.

[ Created with TExtract © Texyz 2006 ]

31

8 Annex IV: the Australian Standard Classification implemented in the BiodivERsA RIS

DIVISIONS Disciplines Subjects 210000 SCIENCE—GENERAL 220000 SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES AND ARTS—GENERAL 230000 MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 240000 PHYSICAL SCIENCES 250000 CHEMICAL SCIENCES 260000 EARTH SCIENCES

260100 Geology 260200 Geophysics 260300 Geochemistry 260400 Oceanography

260401 Biological Oceanography 260402 Chemical Oceanography 260403 Physical Oceanography 260499 Oceanography not elsewhere classified

260500 Hydrology 260501 Groundwater Hydrology 260502 Surface water Hydrology 260599 Hydrology not elsewhere classified

260600 Atmospheric Sciences 260601 Meteorology 260602 Climatology (incl. Palaeoclimatology) 260603 Ionospheric and Magnetospheric Physics 260699 Atmospheric Sciences not elsewhere classified

270000 BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 270100 Biochemistry and Cell Biology 270200 Genetics 270300 Microbiology 270400 Botany

270401 Plant Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny 270402 Plant Physiology 270403 Plant Pathology 270404 Phycology 270499 Botany not elsewhere classified

270500 Zoology 270501 Animal Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny 270502 Neurobiology 270503 Animal Anatomy and Histology 270504 Invertebrate Biology 270599 Zoology not elsewhere classified

270600 Physiology 270700 Ecology and Evolution

270701 Freshwater Ecology 270702 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) 270703 Terrestrial Ecology 270704 Landscape Ecology 270705 Palaeoecology 270706 Life Histories (incl. Population Ecology) 270707 Sociobiology and Behavioural Ecology 270708 Conservation and Biodiversity 270709 Biogeography 270799 Ecology and Evolution not elsewhere classified

270800 Biotechnology 279900 Other Biological Sciences

279901 Global Change Biology 279999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

280000 INFORMATION, COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION SCIENCES 280100 Information Systems 280200 Artificial Intelligence and Signal and Image Processing

32

280300 Computer Software 280400 Computation Theory and Mathematics 280500 Data Format 289900 Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences

289999 Other Information, Computing and Communication Sciences 290000 ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 300000 AGRICULTURAL, VETERINARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

300100 Soil and Water Sciences 300200 Crop and Pasture Production 300300 Horticulture 300400 Animal Production 300500 Veterinary Sciences 300600 Forestry Sciences

300601 Nutrition and Physiology 300602 Tree Improvement (Selection, Breeding and Genetic Engineering) 300603 Pests, Health and Diseases 300604 Management and Environment 300605 Fire Management 300606 Agroforestry 300699 Forestry Sciences not elsewhere classified

300700 Fisheries Sciences 300701 Physiology and Genetics 300702 Pests and Diseases 300703 Aquaculture 300704 Ecosystem Studies and Stock Assessment 300705 Evaluation of Management Strategies 300799 Fisheries Sciences not elsewhere classified

300800 Environmental Sciences 300801 Environmental Management and Rehabilitation 300802 Wildlife and Habitat Management 300803 Natural Resource Management 300804 Environmental Impact Assessment 300805 Conservation 300899 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified

300900 Land, Parks and Agriculture Management 300901 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness 300902 Land and Parks Management 300903 Sustainable Development 300999 Land, Parks and Agriculture Management not elsewhere classified

309900 Other Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences 309901 Fertilisers and Agrochemicals (Application etc.) 309902 Education and Extension 309999 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified

310000 ARCHITECTURE, URBAN ENVIRONMENT AND BUILDING 320000 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES

320100 Medicine.general 320200 Immunology 320300 Medical Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry 320400 Medical Microbiology 320500 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences 320600 Medical Physiology 320700 Neurosciences 320800 Dentistry 320900 Optometry 321000 Clinical Sciences 321200 Public Health and Health Services 321300 Complementary/alternative Medicine 321400 Human Movement and Sports Science 329900 Other Medical and Health Sciences

330000 EDUCATION 340000 ECONOMICS

340100 Economic Theory 340200 Applied Economics 340300 Economic History and History of Economic Thought 340400 Econometrics 349900 Other Economics

33

350000 COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT, TOURISM AND SERVICES 360000 POLICY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE 370000 STUDIES IN HUMAN SOCIETY

370100 Sociology 370200 Social Work 370300 Anthropology 370400 Human Geography 370500 Demography 370600 History and Philosophy of Science and Medicine 379900 Other Studies in Human Society

380000 BEHAVIOURAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES 380100 Psychology 380200 Linguistics 380300 Cognitive Science 389900 Other Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences

390000 LAW, JUSTICE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 390100 Law 390200 Professional Development of Law Practitioners 390300 Justice and Legal Studies 390400 Law Enforcement 399900 Other Law, Justice and Law Enforcement

400000 JOURNALISM, LIBRARIANSHIP AND CURATORIAL STUDIES 400100 Journalism, Communication and Media 400200 Librarianship 400300 Curatorial Studies 409900 Other Journalism, Librarianship and Curatorial Studies

410000 THE ARTS 420000 LANGUAGE AND CULTURE 430000 HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY

430100 Historical Studies 430200 Archaeology and Prehistory

440000 PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION 440100 Philosophy 440200 Religion and Religious Traditions 449900 Other Philosophy and Religion

34

9 Annex V: UN Geographical classification United Nations Geographical Regions: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm AFRICA Eastern Africa Burundi , Comoros

Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Malawi 480 Mauritius Mayotte Mozambique Réunion Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Zimbabwe

Middle Africa Angola Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Gabon Sao Tome and Principe

Northern Africa Algeria Egypt Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Morocco Sudan Tunisia Western Sahara

Southern Africa Botswana Lesotho Namibia South Africa Swaziland

Western Africa Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde Cote d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Liberia Mali Mauritania Niger Nigeria Saint Helena Senegal Sierra Leone

35

Togo AMERICAS Caribbean Anguilla

Antigua and Barbuda Aruba Bahamas Barbados British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Guadeloupe Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands

Centra America Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama

South America Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Falkland Islands (Malvinas) French Guiana Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela

Northern America Bermuda Canada Greenland Saint Pierre and Miquelon United States of America

ASIA Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan

Eastern Asia China

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China

36

Macao Special Administrative Region of China Democratic People's Republic of Korea Japan Mongolia Republic of Korea

Southern Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Iran, Islamic Republic of Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka

South Eastern Asia Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao People's Democratic Republic Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste Viet Nam

Western Asia Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Cyprus Georgia Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Occupied Palestinian Territory Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen

EUROPE Eastern Europe Belarus Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Poland Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Slovakia Ukraine

Northern Europe Åland Islands Denmark Estonia Faeroe Islands Finland Guernsey

37

Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Jersey Latvia Lithuania Norway Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Southern Europe

Albania Andorra Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Gibraltar Greece Holy See Italy Malta Portugal 674 San Marino Serbia and Montenegro Slovenia Spain The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Western Europe

Austria Belgium France Germany Liechtenstein Luxembourg Monaco Netherlands Switzerland

OCEANIA Australia and New Zealand

Australia New Zealand Norfolk Island 054

Melanesia

Fiji New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Vanuatu

Micronesia

Guam Kiribati Marshall Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Nauru Northern Mariana Islands Palau

Polynesia

American Samoa Cook Islands French Polynesia Niue

38

Pitcairn Samoa Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Wallis and Futuna Islands

ANTARTICA Antarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S) Bouvet Island (Bouvetoya) South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Heard and McDonald Islands French Southern Territories

39

10 Annex VI - Classifications used by BIODIVERSA Partner organisations

10.1 FWF classification system: 1 NATURAL SCIENCES

1.1 Mathematics, Computer Sciences

1.1.01 ADP/EDP

1102 Algebra

1103 Analytics

1104 Applied mathematics

1105 Computer software

1106 Formal languages

1107 Geometry

1108 Computer science

1109 Information and data processing

1110 Cybernetics

1111 Logic (6105)

1112 Logistics

1113 Mathematical statistics

1114 Numerical mathematics

1115 Technical mathematics

1116 Topology

1117 Insurance mathematics

1118 Probability theory

1119 Number theory

1120 Theory of combinations

1121 Operations research (5347, 5919)

1122 Artificial intelligence

1123 Computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM)

1124 Digital image processing and graphics

1125 Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) (5355)

1126 Computer networks (2536)

1127 Information science

1128 Supercomputing

1129 Mechatronics (1241, 2236, 2541)

1130 Biomathematics

1131 Computer algebra

1132 Computer-aided animation

1133 Computer-aided simulation (1915, 2939)

1134 Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW)

1135 Differential geometry

1136 Integrated circuit design (2543)

1137 Financial mathematics (5360)

1138 Information systems (5937)

1139 Neuronal (neural) networks (2545)

40

1140 Software engineering

1141 Symbolic computation

1142 System theory

1143 Terminology (6629)

1144 Virtual reality

1145 Time series analysis (5707)

1146 Management information systems

1147 IT security

1148 computer linguistics

1149 electronic voice processing

1150 information design

1151 numeric computation

1152 game theory

1153 legal informatics

12 Physics, Mechanics, Astronomy

1201 General mechanics

1202 Acoustics

1203 Applied physics

1204 Astronomy

1205 Astrophysics

1206 Atomic (nuclear) physics

1207 Biophysics (1403, 3203)

1208 Elementary particle physics

1209 Experimental physics

1210 Solid-state physics

1211 High-energy physics

1212 Nuclear and atomic energy

1213 Optics

1214 Physical electronics (2524)

1215 Quantum mechanics

1216 Radium research

1217 Reactor physics

1218 Theory of relativity

1219 Radiation protection (3220, 3537)

1220 Fluid mechanics (2219)

1221 Technical physics

1222 Theoretical physics

1223 Space exploration (1604)

1224 Electron physics

1225 Mathematical physics

1226 Neutron physics

1227 Photophysics

1228 Plasma physics

1229 Semiconductor physics

1230 Laser physics

1231 Physics of metals

41

1232 Biomechanics (1434, 3226)

1233 Fracture mechanics

1234 Dosimetry (1912, 2933)

1235 Ion physics

1236 Isovoltaics (2538)

1237 Laser spectroscopy (2539)

1238 Surface physics

1239 Polymer physics

1240 Statistical physics

1241 Mechatronics

1242 Mass spectrometry

1243 Micromechanics (including: of materials)

1244 Intermediate-energy physics

1245 Molecular nanotechnology (nanoengineering)

1246 Quantum optics

1247 Reaction kinetics (Kinetics of rapid processes)

1248 Spectroscopy (also: molecule spectroscopy)

1249 radiation physics

13 Chemistry

1301 General chemistry

1302 Analytical chemistry

1303 Inorganic chemistry

1304 Biochemistry

1305 Biochemical engineering (2603)

1306 Chemical engineering (2605)

1306 Chemical engineering (2605)

1307 Electrochemistry

1308 Food chemistry

1309 Microchemistry

1310 Organic chemistry

1311 Photochemistry

1312 Physical chemistry

1313 Radiochemistry

1314 Radiation chemistry

1315 Structural chemistry (1513)

1316 Technical chemistry (2612)

1317 Theoretical chemistry

1318 Solid-state chemistry

1319 Forensic chemistry (3804)

1320 Biotechnology (1432, 2921, 4917)

1321 Macromolecular chemistry

1322 Surface chemistry

1323 Polymer chemistry

1324 X-ray fluorescence (-analysis)

1325 Enzyme technology (1440)

1326 Corrosion protection (2617)

42

1327 Spectroscopy (also: molecule- )(1248, 1442)

1328 Reaction kinetics (Kinetics of rapid processes)

1329 environmental chemistry

14 Biology, Botany, Zoology

1401 General biology

1402 Biochemistry (1304)

1403 Biophysics (1207, 3203)

1404 Botany

1405 Cytology (3103)

1406 Experimental zoology

1407 Genetics

1408 Geobotany

1409 Human biology

1410 Microbiology (1710, 4413)

1411 Molecular biology

1412 Ecology of plants

1413 Ecology of animals

1414 Ecosystem research

1415 Paleobotany

1416 Paleontology (1510)

1417 Plant anatomy

1418 Plant physiology

1419 Phytotechnology

1420 Anatomy of animals (4509)

1421 Animal physiology (4521)

1422 Comparative behavior (ethology)

1423 Zoology (4526)

1424 Zoophysiology

1425 Developmental history

1426 Evolution

1427 Plant morphology

1428 Phytochemistry (3311)

1429 Systematic botany

1430 Zoogeography

1431 Animal systematics

1432 Biotechnology (1320, 2921, 4917)

1433 Genetic engineering (3913, 4918)

1434 Biomechanics (1232, 3226)

1435 Mycology

1436 Ultrastructure research

1437 Vegetation science

1438 Biomathematics (1130)

1439 Chronobiology

1440 Enzyme technology (1325)

1441 Molecular nanotechnology (nanoengineering) (1245)

43

1442 Spectroscopy (also: molecule- ) (1248, 1327)

1443 Photobiology

1444 DNA analysis (also: genetic fingerprinting)

1445 insect faunistics

1446 vascular biology

1447 neurobiology

1448 stem cell research

1449 radiation biology

15 Geology, Mineralogy

1501 Building geology

1502 Oil geology (2105)

1503 Geodynamics

1504 Geology

1505 Geophysics (1601)

1506 Petrology

1507 Crystallography

1508 Mineralogy

1509 Mining geology (2119)

1510 Paleontology (1416)

1511 Petrography

1512 Sedimentology

1513 Structural chemistry (1315)

1514 Technical geology

1515 Tectonics

1516 Soil science (1908)

1517 Geochemistry

1518 Geothermics

1519 Glaciology

1520 Geomorphology

1521 Gravimetry

1522 Magnetics

1523 Seismology

1524 Erosion (also: Erosion science, -protection)(1718)

1525 Mountain risk engineering (1719)

1526 Petrology

16 Meteorology, Climatology

1601 Geophysics (1505)

1602 Climatology

1603 Meteorology

1604 Space exploration (1223)

1605 Glaciology (1519, 1808)

1606 Bioclimatology

1607 agrometeorology

1608 global warming

17 Hydrology, Hydrography

1701 Wastewater treatment

44

1702 Water purification

1703 Water pollution control

1704 Hydraulics (2319)

1705 Hydrobiology

1706 Hydrogeology

1707 Hydrography

1708 Hydrology

1709 Limnology

1710 Microbiology (1410, 4413)

1711 Speleology

1712 Water hygiene (3429)

1713 Water technology

1714 Water analysis

1715 Water supply

1716 Water management

1717 Groundwater management

1718 Erosion (also: erosion science, -protection) (1524)

1719 Mountain risk engineering (1525)

18 Geography

1801 Applied geography

1802 Cartography (2704)

1803 Human geography (5908)

1804 Regional geography (5909)

1805 Physical geography

1806 Topography (2708)

1807 Economic geography (5915)

1808 Glaciology (1519, 1605)

1809 Social geography (5921)

1810 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) (5616)

19 Other

1901 Electron microscopy (2905, 3204, 3902, 4502)

1902 Gas chromatography (2907)

1903 Food analysis (4411, 4505, 4914)

1904 Interdisciplinary natural sciences

1905 Documentation (natural sciences)

1906 X-ray structure analysis (2911)

1907 Environmental science (5914)

1908 Soil science (1516)

1909 Resource economics (2923)

1910 Clean-up of contaminated sites (2930)

1911 Archeometry (2931)

1912 Dosimetry (1234, 2933)

1913 Technical didactics (natural science) (5828)

1914 Isotope technology

1915 Computer-aided simulation (1133, 2939)

1916 Ecotech (2945)

45

1917 Environmental protection (2946, 4922, 5939)

1918 Risk research

1919 information design

1920 air pollution control

2 TECHNICAL SCIENCES

21 Mining, Metallurgy

22 Mechanical Engineering

23 Civil Engineering

24 Architecture

25 Electrical Engineering, Electronics

26 Technical Chemistry, Fuel and Mineral Oil Engineering

27 Geodesy, Surveying

28 Traffic and Transport

29 Other

3 HUMAN MEDICINE

31 Anatomy, Pathology

32 Medical Chemistry, Physiology

33 Pharmaceutics, Pharmacology, Toxicology

34 Hygiene, Medical Microbiology

35 Clinical Medicine

36 Surgery, Anaesthesiology

37 Psychiatry, Neurology

38 Forensic Medicine

39 Other

4 AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, VETERINARY MEDICINE

41 Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Environmental Protection

4101 Agriculture

4102 Irrigated agriculture (4201, 4905)

4103 Cereal cultivation

4104 Agricultural-bacteriological research

4105 Agricultural-chemical research

4106 Agricultural machinery and equipment (4204, 4911)

4107 Food technology (4205, 4410, 4913)

4108 Milling (flour)

4109 Plant husbandry

4110 Plant protection

4111 Plant breeding

4112 Seed growing

4113 Seed improvement and testing

4114 Sugar research

4115 Soil testing (4211, 4317, 4915)

4116 Agroecology (4921)

4117 Ecological farming (4212)

4118 Renewable energy (incl. energy sources, raw materials) (2941)

4119 Regenerable raw materials (4318)

4120 Plant nutrition and plant fertilization

46

4121 Tropical and subtropical agriculture

42 Horticulture, Fruiticulture

4201 Irrigated agriculture (4102, 4905)

4202 Horticulture

4203 Landscape architecture (Green area planning)

4204 Agricultural machinery and equipment (4106, 4911)

4205 Food technology (4107, 4410, 4913)

4206 Fruit growing

4207 Fruit tree protection

4208 Special cultures

4209 Experimental design for fruit growing

4210 Viniculture

4211 Soil testing (4115, 4317, 4915)

4212 Ecological agriculture (4117)

4213 vegetable growing

4214 horticulture

4215 ornamental horticulture

43 Forestry and Timber

4301 Forest entomology

4302 Forest economics

4303 Forest construction

4304 Forest engineering

4305 Forest ecology

4306 Forest conservation

4307 Forest technology

4308 Forest and timber trade policy

4309 Forestry

4310 Wood chemistry

4311 Wood research

4312 Wood preservation

4313 Wood technology

4314 Timber trade and industry

4315 Silviculture

4316 Pulp and paper technology (2229, 2614)

4317 Soil testing (4115, 4211, 4915)

4318 Regenerable raw materials (4119)

4319 Forest pathology

44 Livestock Breeding, Animal Husbandry

4401 Apiology

4402 Fisheries management

4403 Ichthyology

4404 Meat hygiene

4405 Meat technology

4406 Genetics of domesticated animals

4407 Poultry testing

4408 Cheese-making

47

4409 Artificial insemination

4410 Food technology (4107, 4205, 4913)

4411 Food inspection (1903, 4505, 4914)

4412 Feedlot and slaughter performance

4413 Microbiology (1410, 1710)

4414 Dairy hygiene

4415 Dairy technology

4416 Dairy husbandry

4417 Pig inspection

4418 Animal nutrition (4513)

4419 Animal production

4420 Animal breeding

4421 Laboratory animal research and breeding

4422 Game science (4525)

4423 Feed analysis

4424 Population genetics

4425 Livestock behavior

4426 Animal husbandry

4427 poultry medicine

45 Veterinary Medicine

4501 Bacteriology (animals)

4502 Electron microscopy (1901, 2905, 3204, 3902)

4503 Forensic veterinary medicine (3803)

4504 Hoof and claw research

4505 Food inspection (1903, 4411, 4914)

4506 Medical biochemistry (animals)

4507 Medical chemistry (animals)

4508 Medical physics (animals)

4509 Animal anatomy (1420)

4510 Veterinary ophthalmology

4511 Veterinary surgery

4512 Animal embryology

4513 Animal nutrition (4418)

4514 Veterinary obstetrics

4515 Veterinary gynecology

4516 Animal histology

4517 Animal hygiene

4518 Veterinary orthopedics

4519 Animal parasitology

4520 Animal pathology

4521 Animal physiology (1421)

4522 Veterinary radiology

4523 Animal epidemic control

4524 Virology (animals)

4525 Game science (4422)

4526 Zoology (1423)

48

4527 Pharmacology (animals)

4528 Andrology (animals)

4529 Veterinary emergency surgery

4530 Veterinary dentistry

4531 Toxicology (animals)

4532 Veterinary anesthesiology

4533 Animal cytology

4534 Internal medicine (animals)

4535 reptile medicine

4536 bird medicine

49 Other

4901 ADP, EDP in Agriculture and Forestry

4902 Agricultural operations

4903 Agricultural economy (5302)

4904 Agrarian policy (5303)

4905 Irrigated agriculture (4102, 4201)

4906 Fermentation technology

4907 Interdisciplinary agricultural and forestry science

4908 Agricultural and forestry documentation

4909 Farm management (5318)

4910 Agricultural marketing (5319)

4911 Agricultural machinery and equipment (4106, 4204)

4912 Agricultural construction engineering (2323)

4913 Food technology (4107, 4205, 4410)

4914 Food analysis

4915 Soil testing

4916 Food industry

4917 Biotechnology (1320, 1432, 2921)

4918 Genetic engineering (1433, 3913)

4919 Nutritional sciences (4919)

4920 Technical didactics (agriculture, forestry and veterinary medicine) (5813)

4921 Agroecology (4116)

4922 Environmental protection (1917, 2946, 5939)

4923 agrometeorology

4924 sustainable development, sustainable economics

5 SOCIAL SCIENCES

51 Political Sciences

52 Legal Sciences

53 Economics

54 Soziology

55 Psychology

56 Regional Planning

57 Statistics

58 Pedagogy, Educational Sciences

59 Other

6 HUMANITIES

49

61 Philosophy

64 Theology

65 Historical Sciences

66 Linguistics and Literature

67 Other Philological and Cultural Sciences

68 Aesthetics and Art History

69 Other

50

10.2 NFI classification system: humanities

language sciences literature science cultural studies history archaeology folkloristics and ethnology musicology art history architecture religion philosophy studies film studies theatre studies interdisciplinary studies in the humanities

mathematics and natural sciences mathematics logics, set theory

algebra, number theory mathematical analysis

geometry

mathematical and numerical methods

mathematical mechanics

statistics

other mathematics

computer science, informatics theoretical data processing, programming

informational modelling

mathematical modelling

other computer science

physics nuclear physics

elementary particle physics

atomic physics, molecular physics, plasma physics

electromagnetism, acustics, optics

electronics

solid matter physics

biophysics

astrophysics, space physics, astronomi

other physics

51

geophysics solid earth physics oceanography meteorology

hydrology

atmospheric chemistry

geology historical geology and paleontology

mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry

tectonics

petroleum geology, sedimentology

quaternary geology, glaciology

marine geology

engineering geology, environmental geology, hydrogeology geometrics

other geology

chemistry organic chemistry

inorganic chemistry

physical chemistry

theoretical chemistry, quantum chemistry

analytical chemistry

environmental chemistry

nuclear chemistry

structural chemistry other chemistry

biology cell biology

microbiology

molecular biology

gene technology; genetics

toxicology

biochemistry

biotechnology

other biology

zoology anatomy

embryology

zoophysiology

parasitology

ethology

zoological geography

systematic zoology

52

animal ecology

other zoology botany

plant anatomy

plant physiology

systematic botany

plant ecology

vegetation history

plant geography

other botany

marine and freshwater biology fish biology

marine biology

limnology freshwater biology

other marine and freshwater biology

interdisciplinary studies in mathematics and natural sciences technology

rock and petroleum technology materials technology construction, architecture electronics information technology chemical technology machine technology marine technology interdisciplinary studies in technology

social sciences economy sociology physical planning, architecture political science anthropology psychology educational sciences geography demography media studies information science sports education law

53

interdisciplinary studies in the social sciences medicine general medicine, odontology and veterinary studies clinical medical sciences health care clinical orthodonthology veterinary medicine interdisciplinary studies in medicine, odontology and veterinary sciences agriculture and fisheries agricultural sciences crops, horticulture, plant protection, plant pathology livestock production, breeding, reproduction soil science, agriculture hydrology natural resources management forestry, forestry management agricultural technology forest technics other agricultural sciences fisheries science and technology; fishery science resource biology aquaculture fish health fishery technology fishing other fishery science interdisciplinary studies in agriculture and fisheries

54

10.3 EstSF classification system: EXACT SCIENCES

Mathematics Applied mathematics Physics Astronomy

CHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Physical, analytical and inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry and biochemistry Molecular biology Genetics, physiology and microbiology

BIO- AND GEOSCIENCES Geology Physical geography Soil science Botany Ecology Zoology Marine science, limnology

ENGINEERING SCIENCES Material science Mechanics Mining engineering Power engineering Chemical engineering System engineering and infotechnology Mechanical and apparatus engineering Electrical engineering Biomedical engineering Environmental engineering

MEDICAL SCIENCES Biomedicine Farmacy, farmacology and toxicology clinical medicine Healthcare Healthcare of mother and child, medical services Rehabilitation services

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Tillage and melioration Crop sciences Forestry Animal sciences Veterinary medicine

SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics Law Sociology Educational sciences Psychology Politology Human geography, social geography, economic geography Semiotics

HUMANITIES History Philosophy Linguistics Folkloristics Arts Theology Literature Science

55

10.4 FTC classificaton system: Mathematics

Physics

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Earth and Space Sciences

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Atmosphere science

Internal Geodynamics

External Geodynamics

Space science

Environment Sciences and Engineering

Biological Science

Cellular and Molecular Biology

Protein and Struttural Biology

Microorganisms Biology

Biodiversity and Ecology

Sea Sciences and Technology

Healt Sciences

Molecular Medicine

Neurosciences

Microbiology

Epidemiology and Public Health

Organs and Systems Oncology and Biopathology

Pharmacology and Pharmacological Sciences

Biomaterials

Animal and Veterinarian Sciences

Agricultural and Forest Sciences

Biochemistry Engineering and Biotechnology

Mechanical Engineering

Material Science and Engineering

Civil and Mine Engineering

Chemical Engineering

Economy

Law Sciences

Political Sciences

Sociology

Demography

Antropology

Geography

Education Sciences

Psychology

Linguistics

Comunication Sciences

Philosophy

History and Archaeology

56

Architecture and Urban Planning

Literature Studies

Art Studies

History of Science and Technology

Climate Changes

Transport

Policy for high education and science

Cultural Heredity

Sport Sciences

African Studies

Energy

Electrotechnics Engineering

Robotic, Intelligent and Information System

Comunication Networks and Systems, Signal Processing

Electronics, Microelectronics, Electrical System and Energy

Computer Engineering

Computer Processing of Portuguese Language

57

10.5 NWO themes:

1. Cultural Heritage

2. Ethical and Social Aspects of Research and Innovation

3. Shifts in Governance

4. Cognition and Behaviour

5. Fundamentals of Life Processes

6. System Earth

7. Digitalisation and Information Technology

8. Nano-Sciences

9. Emerging Technologies

58

10.6 The MEC classification system:

Biomedicina Ciencias y tecnologías medioambientales Ciencias y Tecnologías Marinas

Tecnologías para la Gestión Sostenible Medioambiental

Recursos y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias Áreas Agrícola y Forestal

Áreas de Ganadería, Acuicultura y Pesca

Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos

Biodiversity, Earth Sciences and Global Change (CGL) Biodiversity 1. Evolution of biodiversity

1.1 Biogeografy

1.2 Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

1.3 Mechanisms of speciation

2. Ecology

2.1 Interactions among individuals, population, species and with the environment

2.2 Relationships between biodiversity-productivity in acquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

2.3 Ecological networks and connectivity

2.4 Evolutionary ecology and ecophysiology

3. Biodiversity loss

3.1 Habitat loss and fragmentation

3.2 Invasive species : effects on the ecosystems 3.3 Research on biodiversity hotspot and high-endemism areas

3.4 Factors of ecosystem fragility and resilience

4. Conservation

4.1 Conservation of genetic resources, species, communities and singular habitats

4.2 Methods of sustainable use and biodiversity restoration

4.3 Alert system and indicators of ecosystems health

4.4 Endemic and threatened species.

4.5 Natural risk prevention

5. New technology

5.1 Monitoring and managing of environmental data

5.2 Risk assesment technologies 5.3 Biotechnology applications for habitats and species recovery

5.4 Technologies for the environmental quality improvement in terrestrial ecosystems

Atmosphere and Global Warming

Polar Research

Earth Sciences

Materiales Espacio

59

Física de Partículas Física Tecnologías Electrónicas y de las Comunicaciones (TEC) Tecnologías de Servicios de la Sociedad de la Información Humanidades Arte, Arquitectura y Urbanismo

Filología y Filosofía

Historia

Alimentos funcionales Biotecnología

Biología Fundamental Biología Molecular y Celular

Biología Integrativa y Fisiología Energía Fusión Termonuclear

Medios de transporte Automoción

Transporte Aéreo

Transporte Marítimo

Transporte Ferroviario

Transmodal

Construcción

Ciencias y tecnologías Química Química Básica

Química Orientada Diseño y Producción Industrial Astronomía y Astrofísica

Matemáticas

Tecnologías Informáticas Ciencias Sociales, Económicas y Jurídicas Ciencias Económicas

Ciencias de la Educación

Ciencias Jurídicas

Psicología

Políticas, Sociología, Antropología, Geografía, Ciencias de la Comunicación

60

10.7 PT-DRL classification system: F10000 Sozial-ökologische Forschung F11000 Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften in der Region F12000 Nachhaltige Ressourcenwirtschaft (Boden, Wasser) F13000 Umweltbezogene Infrastrukturentwicklung F14000 Sozial-ökologische Grundlagen und Konzepte F19000 Übrige und Querschnittsaktivitäten der sozial-ökologischen Forschung F20000 "Wirtschaftsbezogene Nachhaltigkeit; integrierte Umwelttechnik" F21000 Integrierter Umweltschutz in der Forst- und Holzwirtschaft F22000 Integrierter Umweltschutz im Bereich Landwirtschaft und Ernährung F23000 Integrierter Umweltschutz im Bereich Chemie und Kunststoffe F24000 Integrierter Umweltschutz in der Textil- und Lederindustrie F25000 Integrierter Umweltschutz in der metallerzeugenden und metallverarbeitenden Industrie F26000 Integrierter Umweltschutz in der Elektro-/Elektronikindustrie F27000 Integrierter Umweltschutz im Baugewerbe, in der Glas- und Keramikindustrie F28000 Integrierter Umweltschutz in weiteren Themenfeldern/Branchen F29000 Übrige Querschnittsaufgaben zum integrierten Umweltschutz F70000 Global change F71000 Climate and atmospheric research F71010 Climate modelling F71020 Land processes and reactions to the climate system F71030 Climate variability and predictableness F71040 Paläoklima (climate in geological history) F71050 Radiation and population F71060 Bio-chemosphere F71070 Air pollution F71080 Atmospheric propagation of pollutants F71085 Ozone research F71099 Other activities within the area of climate and atmospheric research F73000 Biosphere research F73010 Biodiversity research F73030 Ecological research in tropical area F73040 Ecological research in arid and semiarid areas F73050 Nature conservation integrated research F73099 Other activities within the area of biosphere research F75000 Wirkungsforschung für den Globalen Wandel F77000 Forschung für eine Politik der Friedensgestaltung F79000 Übrige und Querschnittsaktivitäten im Bereich Globale Umweltveränderungen

61

10.8 BELSPO Keyword optional lists: Biodiversity research orientation (from DIVERSITAS former core projects)

1. Effect of Biodiversity on Ecosystem Functioning

2. Origins, Maintenance and Change of Biodiversity

3. Systematics, Inventorying and Classification

4. Monitoring of Biodiversity

5. Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable use of Biodiversity

Habitat types (from CBD thematic programs)

Agricultural Biodiversity

Dry and Sub-humid Lands Biodiversity

Forest Biodiversity

Inland Waters Biodiversity

Island Biodiversity

Marine and Coastal Biodiversity

Mountain Biodiversity

Research disciplines (adapted from BIODIV)

+ trial to group topics in higher categories if necessary (CF law, economy, social sciences): biology, chemistry, earth sciences, medical sciences, agronomical sciences, informatics & mathematics

Biogeography

Bioinformatics

Biological control

Bioprospecting

Biostatistics

Biotechnology

Chemistry and biochemistry

Culture (agriculture, aquaculture, sylviculture)

Ecology

62

Eco-toxicology

Embryology and ontogeny

Ethnobiology

Ethology

Genetics

Geology

Habitat management and restoration

Histology and cytology

Land use and habitat mapping (GIS)

Modelling

Morphology and anatomy

Paleontology

Pathology

Pharmacology

Phylogeny and evolution

Physiology

Systematics and taxonomy

Social sciences

Sociology

Anthropology

Psychology

Political sciences

Development studies

Philosophy and ethics

History

Law

Environmental law

International laws and agreements

Administrative law

Planning law

Intellectual property rights

Economics

Environmental and ecological economics

Natural resources management

Development economics

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Economics

Environmental and ecological economics

Natural resources management

Development economics

International trade

Participation and decision support

Geographical scope (from DanBIF)

Continents:

Africa

Antarctica

Asia

Australia/Oceania

Europe

North America

South America

Oceans:

Arctic

Atlantic

Indian

Pacific

Southern

Country:

free text field (optional)

64

10.9 DEFRA Keyword / classification system:

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67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

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