COMITETUL DE STAT PENTRU ENERGIA NUCLEARA

INSTITUTUL DE FIZICA ATOMICA

974

PROGRAMS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DATA PROCESSING

ON PDP-8/I COMPUTER

M.DUMA

Bucharest - ROMANIA

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PROGRAMS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DATA PROCESSING

ON PDP-8/I COMPUTER

H. Dulia

Institute for Atomic Physics, Bucharest, Romania

The functions FADC and FDIS have been rewritten aiming to

use the FOCAL'69 in connection with the Series 5o/5o Nuclc-r

Data Analyzer and 7ooAB X-Y Recorder. In the new versions ttiore

functions are dr;>*-nding on two parameters anu are used to rf.nl >-r

write the information acquired by the 4c96 channels Analyzer of

the ND-5o/5o system and utilize space just below the extended

functions. These functions have been used to wrire .1 lot of piu-

graas for off-line processing of experimental data acquired t>y

the ND-5o/5o system.

INTRODUCTION

The PDP-8/I computer working in the Reaction M< ch.in i r.ns

Laboratory is a part of the Nuclear Data 5o/So System, ir1.! .1

to be used for acquisition and automatic processing of the expe­

rimental data. The PDP-8/I computer in a f;mill computer,with 8 K

core memory, 1.5 ps - cycle time, 12 hit-word length, pio[..r er,-

pecially for computing requirements of the laboratories of scien­

tific researches. The ND-5o/5o also includes two analog to digi­

tal converters, a 4o96 channels analyzer, a display unit (scope)

and other control and analysis modules.

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The codes for on-line and off-line processing of experi­

mental data acquired by the ND-5o/5o system had to be written un­

til now using the PAL-III language, that Is the machine-code of

the PDP-fl/l computers. The PHYSICS ANALYZER programs system, sup­

plied by Nuclear Data is written in this language too.

Aiming to facilitate programming by using a superior lan­

guage, two functions intended to use the storage of the analyzer

and X-Y Recorder as peripherical units of the PDP-8/I computer

wore added to the mathematical functions of the FOCAL'69 language.

I. FADC AND FDIS FUNCTIONS

The FOCAL language (Formulating On-line Calculations in

Algebraic Language) is a conversational language, proper tc the

PDP computer delivered by Digital Equipment Corporation A /.FOCAL

can be used as a simple but powerful desk calculator or as a

sophisticated language for writing programs. It is an automatic

programming language using Snglish terms, like FORTRAN-II lan­

guage but having less possibilities than FORTRAN» A characteris­

tic represents the fact that compilation is performed simultane­

ously with execution, what determines a larger computing time,

because the compilation is repeated every time when executing

the same instruction. However there is the advantage that all

the corrections can be directly made in the stored program of­

fering the possibility to obtain the punching'tape containing

the source program, after this one has been successfully runned.

The FADC function is a two parameter functions, which

is called by :

SET X = FADC(A,B)

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where A represents the analyzer channel and the operations are in­

dicated by the values of B.

If B=0 the content of channel A (number of events)is read

and the result is assigned to variable X.

If B»l the intensification level of channel A is tested.

There is the possibility to associate an intensifying command to

some channels of the ND-5o/5o Storage; these channels will appear

brighter . There is also an instruction in computer language

(IPSF) which allows the testing of the intensification level of

each channel. This represents a great advantage in spectra pro­

cessing, because the region of interest can be selected through

intensification. Tf channel A is intensified, X=l, otherwise X=0.

If B=2 the point of coordinates (A, content of A) will be

represented on the X-Y Recorder. In this case the value of X is

undefined.

When using the FADC function for reading the channel con­

tent, it can be called by :

TYPE FADC(A,0)

if only the printing of the content is desired without to store

it at a given address.

The FDIS function is used in order to store a value in an

analyzer channel. The calling sequence is : .

SET X»FDIS(A,B)

where A is the channel into which the B value is to be stored. As

every channel of the analyzer has a length of 24 bits only in-

23 teger values equal at most to 2 -1 can be used.

Some examples of the use of these functions will be

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given in the fraee of program presented in chapter 3, while the

listing of the functions is given In appendix 1.

IX. FX FUMCTIO*

PX function intends to modify s o — of the standard op­

tions of FOCAL language. It is used in the following Banner :

SET X-FX(0) the

when one dees not want to type a numerical value or text âtVcorn-

puter printer (Teletype) simultaneously with its reading at the

slow reader or Teletype keyboard. The respective values will be

directly introduced into the computer aeaory without to be prin­

ted.

SBT X-FX(l)

when wishing to cos» back to the normal situation, i.e. the read

character is immediately printed.

SET X*FX(3)

when one wishes to suppress the printing of the character • In

front of a printed result (when Instruction TYPE is used) and cha­

racter s in front of a read value (when instruction ASK is used).

SET X-FX(2)

in order io cos» back to the standard situation of FOCAL language.

The listing of this program is given in appendix 2 and

examples of use are found in the .next chapter.

III. PR06RAMS FOR AUTOMATIC PROCESSI«8 OP EXPERIMENTAL

DATA

After having introduced these functions in the F0CAL'<9

language, soma programs for experimental data processing were

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written which will be presented in this chapter.

In order to make the program» compact, «one subroutines

haws been firstly written which will be called by the progres»

and are listed in appendix 3. The following notations are used :

GR - number of groups in analyzer (power of 2)

CB • number of channels in s group (4096/GR)

CI - first channel in the actual group or the first in­

tensified channel

CF • last channel in the actual group or the last in­

tensified channel

DM - absolute address of channel 0 in the actual group.

Subroutine SI is called to Introduce the group nueber -

the actual group of Interest - by DO 31.01 or DO 31.02 depending

on the text preceding the group number (IN GROUP, respectively

TRANSFER TO GROOP). The subroutine checks if the group nusber is

•quel at nost to GR, indicating the error by :

ERROR-ILLEGAL GROOP

The absolute address DM of the first channel in the group of in­

terest is returned.

Subroutine S2 called by DO 31.10 Is employed to Introduce

the first relative channel In the group, CI, and the last channel,

CF. The following checkings arm performed t

CI < CH» CI < CF> CF S CB,

errors being indicated by :

ERROR-ILLEGAL CHANNEL

STOP LESS THAN START

By DO 31.30 the subroutine S3 is called which determines

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the first and last intensified channel in the actual group.Because

the intensification is tested for every channel in the group up to

the first unintensified channel after the last intensified one,the

determination of the two values lasts long, the coeaiilation being

perforated every time.

The subroutine S4 called by GOTO 31.35, prints the con­

tent of the channels CI-CF in the wanted group, seven in a line,the

address of the first channel in the line being written on the

first column.

The subroutine S5 determines the center of the intensified

peak, CP. The calling sequence is DO 29.0, the procedure to de­

termine the peak center being the sane as in the case of the

PHYSICS ANALYZER system /2/.

All input data (values to be Introduced at computer re­

quest) will be underlined when describing the instructions for

use of the programs.

The program PI is called at the beginning of each pro­

cessing in order to introduce the analyîer configuration, i.e.the

number of groups per analyzer. Example of use :

«GOTO 30.10

NUMBER OF GROUPS IS A WITH 1024 CHANNELS/GROUP

To print the content of a group region, the program P2

is called by GOTO 30.20. Example :

«GOTO 30.20

PRINT IN GROUP 2

FROM lgg TO U 5

100 2 3 5 20 25 31 33

107 115 123 109 98 61 40 22

114 20 16

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If the simultaneous punching of the spectrum on paper tape is

wanted, then after Introducing the la«t value (last channel), the

puncher is set In position ON.

The program P3 initializes the plotting of the spectrum

on the X-Y recorder. Example -.

•GOTO 30.30

PLOT IN GROUP +

FROM 10. TO 6j*2

In order to print an intensified region, the program P4 is

called after intensifying the defined region by means of the in­

tensity control switches. Example :

•GOTO 30.40

PRIST INTENSIFIED DATA IN GROUP 3.

195 31 33 115 123 109 98 61

112 40 22 20 16 S

The program PS prints the limits of intensification of

each group. Example :

•GOTO 30.50

PRINT INTENSIFIED LIMITS

GROUP MIN CH MAX CH

1 105 116

2 105 116

3 105 116

4 105 116

The integration of the channel contents in an inten­

sified region is done by meansvprograjn P6. After intensifying

the wanted region one calls

s

»GOTO 30.50

INTEGRATE INTENSIFIED REGION IN GROUP 1

TOTAL » 0».135600E-»-«M

The prog».-»- P7 executes the following operations :

a) it multiplies the data in the specified group by a

given constant ,-

r-) it adds a constant to the resulting values ;

c) the obtained values are transferred in the second spe­

cified group.

The following example show the subtraction of a constant back­

ground from the spectrum stored in group 2, the result being

stored in group 3.

»GOTO 30.70

MULTIPLY BY I

ADD - 70

IN GROUP 2

TRANSFER TO GROUP 3

The data from the first specified group rest unchanged, if the

second group is different of the first.

The pregnant P8 multiplies the data of the first specified

group, adding the results to the data of the second group.Example:

•GOTO 30.80

MULTIPLY BY ^±

IN GROUP 3_

ADD TO GROUP £

The data from the first group will ba unchanged.

For display the data ot a specified group in logarithmic

scale, program P9 is called and the two groups are indicated :

- » -

•GOTO 3g.9g

LN CONVERSION IN GROUP 1

TRANSFER TO GROUP 2_

For a good visualization, the switch COUNTS FULL SCALE on the

panel of the ND-SO/50 STORACt and DISPLAY is set in position 64K.

The program ul, for the determination of the calibration

line coefficients, can be runned in two ways, in terms of the

answer to the first question of the computer. If the abscissas of

the two points are determined by means of two intensified peaks,

the answer YES will be used and if the abscissas are given digi­

tally, the answer will be NOT.

Iii the firsB; before pressing YES, the first peak is in­

tensified and after printing the center of the first peak, the

second peak is intensified. The values of the ordinates of the

two points must always be introduced from the keyboard. Then, the

computer finds the straight line through the two points. The

first example uses intensified peaks, the second does not.

•GOTO 28.1ft

CALCULATE

DO YOU USE INTENSIFIED POINTS ? YES

CHA - 660 EA « 661.6

CHB -1164 EB « 1173.2

ENERGY - 0.101337E+01 KEV/CH*CHANNEL + - 0.692602E+01 KEV

•GOTO 28.ltf

CALCULATE

DO YOU USE INTENSIFIED POINTS ? NOT

CHA - 122 EA - 242

CHB - 611 EB - 1222

Io -

ENERGY «0.200000E+41 KEV/CH*CKANNEL +0.000000E+00 KEV

After the calibration line was calculated, prograa Q2

can be call' d for computing the energy corresponding to a given

channel :

•GOTO 28.20

CHANNEL - 135

ENERGY - 0.270000E+03 KEV

or program Q3 can be used for computing the center and the energy

of an intensified peak :

«GOTO 28.30

PEAK CENTER = 0.132100E+04

ENERGY =• 0.2C4200E+04 KEV

Since sometimes the statistics is very poor, it is recom­

mended to rmooth the points o-it by "eans of a method which does

not lead to resolution losses. Such a method is used in program

Q4, which approximates the number of events N(j), with j being

the channel number,of an interval of 5 consecutive points by a

second degree polynomial :

N(j) = (1/25)- C- 3N(}-2) + 12N(j-l) + 17N(j) + 12N(j + 1)-3N (j+2)]

The spectrum from the first specified group will be smoothed and

transferred into tne second group. Example :

*GOTO 28.40

SMOOTH IN GROUP _1

TRANSFER TO GROUP 3_

The listing of these programs is given in appendix 4.

- 11 -

IV. CONCLUSIONS

The introduction of the functions FADC and FDIS allows

to keep the FOCAL language permanently in the core memory of the

computer, avoiding the repeated introduction of either, the FOCAL

or PHYPICS ANALYZER system in terms of working necessities. Other­

wise, this implies difficulties in the absence of -n operating

system.

REFERENCES

/1/ Programming Languages - PDP-8 Handbook Series

/2/ Series 50/50 Physics Analyzer Basic Software - Instruction

Manual.

- 12 -

APPEIPIX *

/ DsrmmcMs FOR VD-SO/SO IPSF-6321 BMI06336 CLMM-6341 CSMt-6342 CLML-«351 CSKL-6352 SARI-6367 COMM-6371 BSF -«372 COFF-6374 CRMt-6443 CRML-6453 CRAR-4463 &ELAY-6770

/ GENERAL SUBROOTINES FOR FOCAL

ERROR-5466 PUSBJ-454© XVTB6ER-53 mmii-136 EVAL-1613 FLAC-44 CHAR-66 BOTTOJ*»35 FlfTAB-374

/ DEFINITIONS FOR 7004B X-T RECORDER

PSKF-6501 PONN-6502 «PLT-6504 POFF-6506

•BOTTOM 0035 4437 ARG-1

«FNTAB+5 0401 4472 FADC

*FHTAB+3 0377 4462 FDI8

- 13 -

•444»

/ 6UBROOTIMB TO POT THE FIRST ARGOMENT OF FUNCTION / IU ADDRESS REGISTER OF ND-50/50 AND THE SECOND IN / ACCOMOIATOR

4440 4441 4442 4443 4444 4445 4446 4447 4450 4451 4452 4453 4454 4455 4456 4457 4460 4461

0MC 4453 1261 6321 6373 5244 6367 7200 1066 1260 76*0 4566 4540 1612 4453 5640 7524 7777

ARC,

MCOMMA, •tt.

0 JUS I INTEGER TAD Ml IFSF com BSP J» .-1 SARI CIA TAD CHAR TAD MCOMMA SZA CLA ERROR POSHJ EVAL-1 JNS I INTEGER JMP I ARC -254 -1

/FIRST ARG. IN ACCUMULATOR

/FIRST ARG. IN ADDRESS REG.

/FETCH NEXT CHARACTER

/IS IT A COMMA? /NOT-ERROR-MISSmG SECOND Al

/SECOND ARG. IN ACCUMULATOR

/ FUNCTION FDIS / OS» s I SET DOMR-FDIS<X,Y) / WHEREs / X-CHAWNEL WHERE T VALUE IS STORED

14(2 4240 1463 6353 1464 7200 1465 1045 1466 6343 1467 6336 1470 6374 1471 5536

FDIS, JNS ARG CLML CSML CLA TAD FIAC+1 CLHM CSMM EMHC COFF JKP I EFUW3I /RETURN

- 14 -

/ FUNCTION FADC / USE: / SET Z«FADC(X,Y) / WHERE:

X-CHANNEL Y=C;READ THE CONTENT OF CHANNEL Z-CONTENT OF CHANNEL

Y=1;TEST IF CHANNEL IS INTENSIFIED Z=© NOT INTENSIFIED,ELSE Z«l

Y=2;PLOT THE POINT (X,CONTENT OF X)

4472 4249 FADC, JMS ARC 4473 1261 TAD Ml 44 74 7500 SMA /WHICH FUNCTION? 4475 5306 JMP Y1Y2 4476 6453 Y0, CRML /READ FUNCTION 44 77 3046 DCA FLAC+2 45^0 6443 CRMH 4501 3^45 READ?, DCA FLAC+1 4502 1331 TAD P27 4503 3044 DCA FLAC 45ţB4 6374 END, COFF /COMPUTER OFF-LINE 4505 5536 JMP I EFUN3I/RETURN 4506 7640 Y1Y2, SZA CLA 45©7 5315 JMP Y2 4510 6321 Yl, IPSF /INTENSIFIED FUNCTION 4511 7410 SKP 4512 7001 INTENS»IAC 4 513 3046 DCA FLAC+2 4514 5301 JMP READ0 4 515 6502 /2, PONN /PLOT FUNCTION 4516 6463 CRAF 4517 6770 DELAY 4520 6321 IPSF 4521 7000 NOP 4522 6770 DELAY 4523 6367 SARI 4524 6501 PSKF 4525 5324 JMP .-1 4526 65(0* PPLT 4527 6506 POFF 453» 5304 JMP END 4531 0027 P27, 27

- 15

0412 4532

FNTAl-374 *FNTAB+16 FX

APPENDIX 2

*4532

4532 4S33 4534 4535 4536 4537 4540 4541 4542 4543 4544 4545 4546

4547 4550 4551 4552 4553 4554 4555 4556 4557 4560 4561 4562 4563 4564 4565 4566 4567 4570 4571 4572 4573

0063 0064 2732

4453 1111 7500 5347 7001 7640 1344 1345 3746 3336 2227 4551 2163

7640 1344 1345 3373 1370 3011 1111 3372 1411 3371 1373 3771 2372 5357 5536 1217 6002 4565 0000 0000 0000

1354 2414 5336

/ FUNCTION FX / USE: / SET DUMMY-FXU) / WHERE: / Z«0;TURN OFF ECHO / Z-1;TURN ON ECHO / Z-2;ALLOW PRINTING OF THE = AND : / Z-3;WIPE OUT THE PRINTING OF THE = AND / THE PROGRAM ALSO REMOVES INPUT PATCHES / (ALLOWS INTERRUPTS) PERMANENTLY

FX, JMS I INTEGER/GET ARG TAD M2

Z0Z1 ,

Z 0 , Z l ,

X, ON, SW, M2-0111 Z 2 2 3 , Z ? , Z 2 ,

rjoot,

ADDRTS,

ADDPLS, STOIiE, COUNT, ONOFF,

SMA JMP Z2Z3 IAC SZA CLA TAD X TAD ON DCA I SW JKP I EFUN3I 7000-4551 4551 2163

SZA CLA TAD X TAD ON DCA ONOFF TAD ADDRLS DCA 11 TAD M2 DCA COUNT TAD I 11 DCA STORE TAD ONOFF DCA I STORE ISZ COUNT JMP LOOP JMP I EFUN3I 1217 6002 ADDRTB-1 0 0 0

/ECHO FUNCTION?

/ON OR OFF

2762 7000

*0063 1354

ÎJSS2

INTEGER-53 EFUN3I-136

- 16

APPENDIX 3 Subroutine SI

31.01 T " IN";GOTO 31.05 31.02 T " TRANSFER TO';GOTO 31.65 31.95 S DM»FX(3);A " GROUP ",DM;I (GR-OM) 31.06jS DH-CB*(DN-1);T l;R 31.06 T I"ERROR-ILLEGAL GROUP",i;Q

Subroutine S2 31.10 A "FROM ",CI;I (CH-CI) 31.13;S CF*CH;A " TO *,CFjGOTO 31.11 31.11 I (CF-CI) 31.14;I (CH-CF) 31.13jT IjR 31.13 T !"ERROR-ILLEGAL CHANNEL",I;Q 31.14 T I'STOP LESS THAN START",I;Q

Subroutine S3 31.20 S I-1»S CI«0jS CF-flffGOTO 31.2? 31.21 S Y-FADC(DM+I,1),I (Y) 31.22,31.25,31.22 31.22 I (CI) 31,23,31.23,31.24 31.23 S CI-I;GOTO 31.24 31.24 S CF«I;GOT0 31.26 31.25 I (CF) 31.28,31.26,31 28 31.26 I (I-CH) 31.27,31.28,31.28 31.27 S I-I+1>GOTO 31.21 31.28 R

Subroutine S4 31.35 S I*CI 31.36 I (I+6-CF) 31 .37;S J-CF;G0TO 31.38 31.37 S J=I+6 31.38 T !,%8,I;F K»I,J;T FADC(DH+K,0) 31.39 I (J-CF) 31.40JT t;Q 31.40 S I«J+1;G0T0 31.36

Subroutine SS 29.01 DO 31.20JS CP«0|S K-0 2 9-. 02 S BO=*FADC(DM+CF,0) >S A0-FADC(DM+C1,0);S I-CF-1 29.03 I (A0-FADC(DM+1,0)) 29.04>S I-I-ljGOTO 29.03 ?9.04 S J1»I;'S Bl-FADC(DM+J1,0) ;S I-CI+1 29.05 I (Bl-FADC(DM+1,0)) 29.06)8 I-I+ljGOTO 29.05 29.06 S Il-I;S A1-FADC(DM+I1,0);I (Al-Bl) 29.07;S Hl-AlfGOTO 29.08 29.07 S H1=B1 29.08 S (12*0.5* 0*1+0.5* (A0+B0));S I-I 1+1 29.09 I (H2-FADC(DM+1,0)) 29.10;S I-I+1;G0T0 29.09 29.10 S 12«I;S A2-FADC(DM+I2,0);S 1-J1-1 29.11 I (N2-FADC(DM+1,0)) 29.12(8 I-I-1;G0T0 29.11 29.12 S J2-I;S B2-FADC(DM+J2,0) 29.13 S CP-CP+<2*H1-A1-B1)»(I2+J2-I 1-J1)/(A2+B2-A1-BD + 0 . 5 * ( I l + J l ) 29.14 $ K*K+1 29.15 I (Il-Jl) 29.20,29.30,29.30 29.20 I (I1+J1-I2-J2) 29.25,29.30,29.30 79.25 S CI-CI+ljGOTO 29.02 29.30 S CP-CP/K;R

- 17 -

APPBfflX 4

P r o g r m P I .

30 .10 8 C—PX(3) |A I-HOOK* Of GB00P8 18 ",C8;S CB-PITB (4096/6R) 30 .11 f i r m ",«4,CB," CBAmat^/GKXIP ,'>l;0

Pxograa P2.

30.20 T rP*IW;DO 31.01fO0 31.10;GOTO 31.35

Progras P3.

30 .30 T !"PLOr*rOO 31.01/DO 31.10;P X-CI,CP;S X-FADC(DM+I,2) 30 .31 0

Frograa P4.

30 .40 I t'PUBV IBTBKSXPXBD DATA">DO 31.01;DO 31.20;GOTO 31.35

Program PS.

30 .50 T I'PftXR XBTMSXPX» LXNXT8a,l" CROC? MIB CB MAX CB',%8 30 .51 8 IC-1 341.52 8 XBNCB* (IC-1) >D0 31.20IT t,XQ,CX,CPfX (IC-CR) 30.53;T I;Q 30 .53 8 IO-IC+l;O0T0 30 .52

Progr«a P4 . 30.80 r I ' f l m e n n xanMsxpno B*8xor»»Do 31.01 30.61 T "TOTAL - ";8 X-0;DO 31.20 30.62 P I-CI,CP;8 X-X*PA0C(DM+X,0) 30.63 T %,X,l;f>

P r o g r m P7.

3 0 . 7 0 A l*MDLTXPX.Y BY "#A,I*ADD • ,B , l ;DO 3 1 . 0 1 ; 8 I-DM;DO 31.02 30 .71 P J>1,CB|8 X»PADC(X+a,0)>8 X-FDI8 '.DH+J ,A*X+B) 30.72 Q

Progrm P8.

30 .80 A I "MULTIPLY BY " , I | 0 0 3 1 . 0 1 ; 8 I-MljT *AD0 T0";00 3UJB5 30 .81 P J-1,CH;S Y»PADC(X+J,0) fS Y-PAOC(DM+J,0)+Yf8 Y-PDI S(DM+J,Y) 30 .82 0

18 -

Pxograa W . J f . 9 8 T I ' M COKVEKSIOtrrDO 31 .01t8 I-OMiDO 31.82 M . 9 1 P J-l,CHrS X-PADC(I+J,8)|8 X-FDI S(DM+J,FTOG<X) ) 3# .92 0

Prograa Ql. 28 .18 T I'CMCOlATS'sT J "DO 100 088 ZMnBISXPIBO PODTT8 ? " 28 .11 A CP,ltX (CF-0188) 2 8 . 1 4 , 2 8 . 1 2 , 2 8 . 1 4 28.12 DO 31.ei>D0 29.9>S Xl-CPjT "CHA • -,%4,XljA aBA - *,Y1 28 .13 DO 29 .8*8 X2-CP»T l-CHB « ",X2fA " KB - ",12 J GOTO 2» ,1« 28.14 A l-CBA - " ,X1," 8A - ",11,!"CB» - • , X 2 , " SB * ",»2 28.16 8 Kl - (12-11) / (X2-X1) |S JC0-(X2-Tl-Xl«T2)/(X2-X1) 28 .17 T la8MBR61 - ',*,*!, *WV/CH«CHAIWEL +• ",Kp,* KBV*,lfQ

Prograa 0 2 . . 28 .28 A rCHUIMK. - ",CP 28 .21 T !"EMKJt61 - ",%,K1*CP*I0,," KBV'.lrQ

Progxaa 0 3 . 28 .38 T 1"-PKAK CBfTK» - ";DO 29.4>|T «,C8»G01O 28.21

VTOŞTMM 0 4 .

28 .48 T l"SH00T8";D0 3 1 . 0 1 | 8 I-OHlDO 31.4)2)8 1 8 - I + l l S DM-DM+3 28 .41 S I l - 1 8 + l f S J8-I8+2»8 Jl-X0+3fS J2-I8+4 28.42 S X-17«TA0C(J8,0)+12*(rADC(Il,*)+rJLDC(Jl,»)) 28 .43 S X-X-3*(rADC(I8,0)+rADC(J2,8)) 28.44 S X»?T>I S(DM,X/3S);I (J0-I-CH) 2t .4S;T l ; 0 28.45 8 10-18+1>S MMM+liGOTO 28.41