Presentation in the ArchFest'2015 Seminar on “Architectural Response to Earthquake” State...

ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE

TO

EARTHQUAKE

Qazi Azizul Mowla, FIAB

B.Arch. (BUET); M.Arch. With Distinction (IIT-Roorkee, India);

M.Urb.Design with Distinction (Hong Kong U); Ph.D (Liverpool- UK); Post-Doc. (Sweden)

ARCHITECT - URBAN DESIGNER

ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings

Recent Nepal CaseARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings

Lessons Learned

Types of Vulnerability & Damage

Bangladesh is one of the most earthquake prone countries in the

world. Specialists are suspecting a severe earthquake in this area in

near future, which will cause a serious human casualty, damages of

infrastructure and other losses. Probability of earthquake in north-

eastern areas of Bangladesh is higher than any other part of the

country.


The tectonic evaluation of Bangladesh can be explained as a result

of collision of the northward moving Indo- Australian plate with

the Eurasian plate. The whole Indian subcontinent is situated on

the junction of these two plates. Boundary line between these plates

is very near to Bangladesh.

Study of ADPC

Earthquake Fault Zones

Five Earthquake Scenarios



Building collapse:

Land subsidence


Column failure caused building

collapse:

unequal settlement

One Column failure caused building collapse:

Faulty Construction

Recent Record of Earthquake Damage

With a view to bringing in control and ensuring a uniform standard of building

construction practice in the country, the Bangladesh National Building Code

(BNBC) was prepared in 1993 under the aegis of the Ministry of Housing and

Public Works. BNBC is a 1000 page detailed document specifying safe and

acceptable practices in all aspects of building design and construction for various

uses or occupancy.

Government promulgated Building Code as legally binding on all concerned

by S.R.O. No. 84-Law/2006 dated 22 May 2006 published in the Bangladesh

Gazette on 15 November 2006.

A project is underway with the Chief Architect, Department of Architecture, GoB

as its convener and the Director, Housing and Building Research Institute as the

member-secretary to update the present Building Code.


Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh

(Source: BNBC)

Seismic Zones

Zone 3 = 0.25g

Zone 2 = 0.15g

Zone 1 = 0.075g

Modified Seismic Zoning Map of

Bangladesh


Earthquake Resistant Buildings: Vulnerability & Damage Grade


Physical vulnerabilities


Earthquake

Resistant

Buildings:

Effect of

Inertia


Ref: Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh ; Damage , Loss and Need Assessment

Earthquake Resistant Buildings:

Structural Design Aspects


Ref: Earthquake Resistant Structures: General Principles


Structural Design Aspects


Earthquake


Size and position of openings



Dimensions and Openings


Ties and Joints

requires special

attention

Laying the buildings in contours or filled areas in the slops


Site Selection Aspects



Placement


Laying the buildings in contours or filled areas in the slops

Building Form and Massing Considerations


Form and Massing Design Aspects



Size & Aspect Ratio



Stabilization through shapes of

elements



Stabilization through corner

details



Ring beams support the Roof



Planning & Design Aspects


• Planning and Design Aspects*Land use for seismic consideration (microzonation)

Land use and traffic and transportation system should take care of seismic conditions

* Planning of BuildingsSymmetry & Regularity

Un-symmetry & Torsion (horizontal & vertical eccentricities due to mass and stiffness distribution)

Precaution in site selection

*Site Selection & Suitability of foundation for different soil condition including suitable setbacks

*Height of building & Form and Massing

*Approaches to buildings and Sites

*Pounding effect

*Structurally Separate stair case and building blocks

The success of any earthquake resistant building depends

on proper response to earthquake behavior and will

depend on the social awareness of the measure and active

participation of the community during its

implementation.

CONCLUSION


Ties and Joints requires

special attention

THANK YOU


Presentation in the ArchFest'2015 Seminar on “Architectural Response to Earthquake” State...

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