ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE
TO
EARTHQUAKE
Qazi Azizul Mowla, FIAB
B.Arch. (BUET); M.Arch. With Distinction (IIT-Roorkee, India);
M.Urb.Design with Distinction (Hong Kong U); Ph.D (Liverpool- UK); Post-Doc. (Sweden)
ARCHITECT - URBAN DESIGNER
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Recent Nepal CaseARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Lessons Learned
Types of Vulnerability & Damage
Bangladesh is one of the most earthquake prone countries in the
world. Specialists are suspecting a severe earthquake in this area in
near future, which will cause a serious human casualty, damages of
infrastructure and other losses. Probability of earthquake in north-
eastern areas of Bangladesh is higher than any other part of the
country.
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
The tectonic evaluation of Bangladesh can be explained as a result
of collision of the northward moving Indo- Australian plate with
the Eurasian plate. The whole Indian subcontinent is situated on
the junction of these two plates. Boundary line between these plates
is very near to Bangladesh.
Study of ADPC
Earthquake Fault Zones
Five Earthquake Scenarios
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Building collapse:
Land subsidence
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Column failure caused building
collapse:
unequal settlement
One Column failure caused building collapse:
Faulty Construction
Recent Record of Earthquake Damage
With a view to bringing in control and ensuring a uniform standard of building
construction practice in the country, the Bangladesh National Building Code
(BNBC) was prepared in 1993 under the aegis of the Ministry of Housing and
Public Works. BNBC is a 1000 page detailed document specifying safe and
acceptable practices in all aspects of building design and construction for various
uses or occupancy.
Government promulgated Building Code as legally binding on all concerned
by S.R.O. No. 84-Law/2006 dated 22 May 2006 published in the Bangladesh
Gazette on 15 November 2006.
A project is underway with the Chief Architect, Department of Architecture, GoB
as its convener and the Director, Housing and Building Research Institute as the
member-secretary to update the present Building Code.
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Seismic Zoning Map of Bangladesh
(Source: BNBC)
Seismic Zones
Zone 3 = 0.25g
Zone 2 = 0.15g
Zone 1 = 0.075g
Modified Seismic Zoning Map of
Bangladesh
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings: Vulnerability & Damage Grade
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake
Resistant
Buildings:
Effect of
Inertia
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Ref: Cyclone Sidr in Bangladesh ; Damage , Loss and Need Assessment
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Structural Design Aspects
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Ref: Earthquake Resistant Structures: General Principles
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Structural Design Aspects
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Size and position of openings
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Dimensions and Openings
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Ties and Joints
requires special
attention
Laying the buildings in contours or filled areas in the slops
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Site Selection Aspects
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Placement
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Laying the buildings in contours or filled areas in the slops
Building Form and Massing Considerations
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Form and Massing Design Aspects
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Size & Aspect Ratio
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Stabilization through shapes of
elements
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Stabilization through corner
details
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Ring beams support the Roof
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Earthquake Resistant Buildings:
Planning & Design Aspects
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
• Planning and Design Aspects*Land use for seismic consideration (microzonation)
Land use and traffic and transportation system should take care of seismic conditions
* Planning of BuildingsSymmetry & Regularity
Un-symmetry & Torsion (horizontal & vertical eccentricities due to mass and stiffness distribution)
Precaution in site selection
*Site Selection & Suitability of foundation for different soil condition including suitable setbacks
*Height of building & Form and Massing
*Approaches to buildings and Sites
*Pounding effect
*Structurally Separate stair case and building blocks
The success of any earthquake resistant building depends
on proper response to earthquake behavior and will
depend on the social awareness of the measure and active
participation of the community during its
implementation.
CONCLUSION
ARCHITECTURAL RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE: Earthquake Resistant Buildings
Ties and Joints requires
special attention