POWER SYSTEMS-I Subject Code : EE402ES Regulations : R16 - JNTUH Class : II Year B.Tech EEE II Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

POWER SYSTEMS-I (EE402ES) COURSE PLANNER

I. OBJECTIVE AND RELEVANCE: Electrical Power is of paramount importance to social and economic development. The objective of this

course is to familiarize the students with fundamentals of Electrical Power Systems. This course will

enable them to gain a basic understanding of Electrical Power Generation and Distribution.

II. COURSE PURPOSE: Electrical Power plays significant role in day to day life of entire mankind. To understand and analyze

Power generation and Distribution and to know the economical operation of Power systems.

III. SCOPE OF COURSE: The course comprises fundamentals of Power Generation, Power Distribution, Substations, and Power

Tariffs. This Course is an introduction to Thermal, Nuclear, and Gas Power Plants, D.C. and A.C.

Distribution Systems, Electric Substations, Power factor and Voltage Control, and Economic aspects of

Power Generation.

At the end of the course the student will know the fundamental concepts and practices regarding–

1. Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation 2. D.C. and A.C. Power Distribution Systems 3. Economic aspects of Power Generation.

IV. COURSE OBJECTIVES:

• To understand the hydro, thermal, nuclear and gas generating stations.

• To examine A.C. and D.C. distribution systems.

• To understand and compare air insulated and gas insulated substations.

• To illustrate the economic aspects of power generation and tariff method

COURSE OUTCOMES:

S.No Description Bloom’s Taxonomy Level

1

Draw the layout of thermal power station,

Nuclear power plant and gas power plant and

explain its operation

Understanding, Analyze

(Level1, Level2)

2 Draw the layout of hydro power plant and explain

its operation

Understanding, Analyze

(Level1, Level2)

3 Describe A.C. and D.C. distribution systems Remembering, Applying

(Level 1, Level 2)

4 Voltage drop calculations of the distribution

system

Analyzing

(Level 1, Level 2)

5 Illustrate various economic aspects of the power

plant erection, operation and different tariff

methods

Analyzing

(Level 1, Level 2)

6 power factor improvement methods and

Understand economical power factor

Analyzing, Evaluating

(Level 1, Level 2)

VI. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED:

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO) LEVEL

Proficien

cy

assessed

By

PO1

Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of

mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals, and

an engineering specialization to the solution of

complex engineering problems.

2 Lectures,

Assignme

nts

PO2 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review

research literature, and analyze complex engineering

problems reaching substantiated conclusions using

first principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and

engineering sciences.

2 Assignme

nts

PO3 Design/Development of Solutions: Design solutions

for complex engineering problems and design

system components or processes that meet the

specified needs with appropriate consideration for

the public health and safety, and the cultural,

societal, and environmental considerations.

2 Assignme

nts

PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use

research-based knowledge and research methods

including design of experiments, analysis and

interpretation of data, and synthesis of the

information to provide valid conclusions

2 Assignme

nts

PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply

appropriate techniques, resources, and modern

engineering and IT tools including prediction and

modeling to complex engineering activities with an

understanding of the limitations

2 Assignme

nts

PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed

by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,

health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the

consequent responsibilities relevant to the

professional engineering practice.

2 Assignme

nts

PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the

impact of the professional engineering solutions in

societal and environmental contexts, and

demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for

sustainable development

__

__

PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to

professional ethics and responsibilities and norms

of the engineering practice.

__

__

PO9 Individual and team work: Function effectively as an

individual, and as a member or leader in diverse

teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

__

__

PO10 Communication: Communicate effectively on

complex engineering activities with the

engineering community and with society at large,

such as, being able to comprehend and write

effective reports and design documentation, make

effective presentations, and give and receive clear

instructions.

__

__

PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate

knowledge and understanding of the engineering

and management principles and apply these to

one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team,

to manage projects and in multidisciplinary

environments.

__

__

PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have

the preparation and ability to engage in

independent and life-long learning in the broadest

context of technological change.

2 Research

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) 4 - : None

VII. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO) LEVEL

Proficiency

assessed By

PSO1 Talented to analyze, design, and implement

electrical & electronics systems and deal with

the rapid pace of industrial innovations and

developments.

2 Lectures,

Assignments

PSO2 Skillful to use application and control techniques

for research and advanced studies in Electrical &

Electronics Engineering domain.

2 Lectures,

Assignments

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) 4 - : None

VIII. PREREQUISITES:

Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits and equipment, Basic Engineering Mathematics.

COURSE CONTENTS: (SYLLABUS)

UNIT- I

Thermal Power Stations: Line diagram of Thermal Power Station (TPS) showing paths of coal, steam,

water, air, ash and flue gasses. - Brief description of TPS components: Economizers, Boilers, Super

heaters, Turbines, Condensers, Chimney and cooling towers Gas and Nuclear Power Stations: Nuclear

Power Stations: Nuclear Fission and Chain reaction. - Nuclear fuels. - Principle of operation of Nuclear

reactor.-Reactor Components: Moderators, Control rods, Reflectors and Coolants. - Radiation hazards:

Shielding and Safety precautions. - Types of Nuclear reactors and brief description of PWR, BWR and

FBR. Gas Power Stations: Principle of Operation and Components (Block Diagram Approach Only)

UNIT - II

Hydroelectric Power Stations: Elements of hydro electric power station-types-concept of pumped

storage plants-storage requirements, mass curve (explanation only) estimation of power developed

from a given catchment area; heads and efficiencies.

Hydraulic Turbines: Classification of turbines, impulse and reaction turbines, Pelton wheel, Francis

turbine and Kaplan turbine-working proportions, work done, efficiencies , hydraulic design - draft tube-

theory- functions and efficiency.

UNIT-III

D.C. Distribution Systems: Classification of Distribution Systems.- Comparison of DC vs. AC and Under-

Ground vs. Over- Head Distribution Systems.- Requirements and Design features of Distribution

Systems.-Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in D.C Distributors for the following cases:

Radial D.C Distributor fed one end and at the both the ends (equal/unequal Voltages) and Ring Main

Distributor.

A.C. Distribution Systems:

Voltage Drop Calculations (Numerical Problems) in A.C. Distributors for the following cases: Power

Factors referred to receiving end voltage and with respect to respective load voltages.

UNIT-IV

Substations: Classification of substations

Air insulated substations - Indoor & Outdoor substations: Substations layout showing the location of all

the substation equipment. Bus bar arrangements in the Sub-Stations: Simple arrangements like single

bus bar, sectionalized single bus bar, main and transfer bus bar system with relevant diagrams.

Gas insulated substations (GIS) – Advantages of Gas insulated substations, different types of gas

insulated substations, single line diagram of gas insulated substations, bus bar, construction aspects of

GIS, Installation and maintenance of GIS, Comparison of Air insulated substations and Gas insulated

substations.

UNIT-V

Economic Aspects of Power Generation and Tariff Load curve, load duration and integrated load

duration curves - Load, demand, diversity, capacity, utilization and plant use factors - Numerical

Problems. Costs of Generation and their division into Fixed, Semi-fixed and Running Costs. Desirable

Characteristics of a Tariff Method Tariff Methods: Flat Rate, Block Rate, Two-part, Three-part and

power factor, tariff methods, Numerical Problems.

COURSE SYLLABUS

GATE:

Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts, distribution systems, per-unit quantities, voltage

control, power factor correction; economic operation;

ESE:

Types of Power Stations: Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and

operating factors, Voltage control.

LESSON PLAN:

SINO

WEEK

TOPICS TO BE COVERED COURSE

LEARNING

OUTCOMES

TEACHING

METHODS

REF

1

1

Introduction to Power

Systems

Recalling basics

of power

systems

Black Board

and Power

Point

Presentation

with Animated

- Informative

Videos

TB1 & R3

2 Unit:1-Thermal Power

Stations: Line diagram of

Thermal Power Station

(TPS)

Understand&Des

ign of TPS

TB1 & R3

3 Line diagram of Thermal

Power Station (TPS)

showing paths ofcoal,

steam, water, air, ash

and flue gasses.

Understand&Des

ign of TPS

TB1 & R3

4

2

Brief description of TPS

components:

Economizers, Boilers,

Super heaters, Turbines,

Condensers, Chimney

and cooling towers

Understand&Des

ign of TPS

TB1 & R3

5 Gas and Nuclear Power

Stations:Nuclear Power

Stations: Nuclear Fission

and Chain

reaction. - Nuclear fuels.

Recalling basics

of nuclear

reactors &

Understanding

TB1 & R3

6 Bridge Class 1/ Seminar

7

3

Principle of operation of

Nuclear reactor.-Reactor

ComponentsModerators

, Control rods, Reflectors

and Coolants.

Understand&

Analyzing

Principle of

operation of

Nuclear reactor.

TB1 & R3

8 Radiation hazards:

Shielding and Safety

precautions

Understand

Radiation

hazards

TB1 & R3

9 Types of Nuclear

reactors and brief

description of PWR,

BWR and FBR.

Understand&

Compare

TB1 & R3

10 Types of Nuclear

reactors and brief

description of PWR,

BWR and FBR.

Understand&

Compare

11 Gas Power Stations:

Principle of Operation

and

Components./MockTest

Understand Gas

Power Stations

TB1 & R3

12

4

UNIT - II Hydroelectric

Power Stations

Understand&

Compare

Black Board

and Power

Point

Presentation

with Animated

- Informative

Videos

TB1 & R3

13 Elements of hydro

electric power station-

types

Understanding

Elements of

hydro electric

power

TB1 & R3

14 Bridge Class 2/ Seminar

15 Concept of pumped

storage plants-storage

requirements

Understand

Concept of

storage

TB1 & R3

16 Mass curve estimation

of power developed

from a given catchment

area; heads and

efficiencies

Understanding &

Analyzing

efficiencies

TB1 & R3

18

5

Hydraulic Turbines:

Classification of turbines

Compare types

of turbines

TB1 & R3

19 Impulse and reaction

turbines

Compare types

of turbines

TB1 & R3

20 Pelton wheel, Francis

turbine and Kaplan

turbine

Compare types

of turbines

TB1 & R3

21 6

Proportions, work done,

efficiencies ,

hydraulicdesign - draft

Understand,

Analyzing &

Calculating

TB1 & R3

tube- theory- functions

and efficiency

Efficency

22 Proportions, work done,

efficiencies , hydraulic

design - draft tube-

theory- functions and

efficiency

Understand,

Analyzing &

Calculating

Efficency

TB1 & R3

23 Bridge Class 3 Seminar

24 UNIT - III Introduction

to D.C. Distribution

Systems

Understanding

D.C. Distribution

Systems

Black Board

Presentation

TB1 & R3

25 Classification of

Distribution Systems

Understand&

Comparison of

Distribution

Systems

TB1 & R3

26

7

Comparison of DC vs. AC

Distribution Systems

Understand&

Compare DC vs.

AC DS

TB1 & R3

27 Under-Ground vs. Over-

Head Distribution

Systems

Understand&

Compare Under-

Ground vs. Over-

Head DS

TB1 & R3

28 Under-Ground vs. Over-

Head Distribution

Systems

Understand&

Compare Under-

Ground vs. Over-

Head DS

TB1 & R3

29 Requirements and

Design features of

Distribution Systems

Design for

Distribution

Systems

TB1 & R3

30 Voltage Drop

Calculations in D.C

Distributors Radial D.C

Distributor fed one end

and at the both the

ends& Ring Main

Distributor.

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

D.C Distributors

TB1 & R3

31 8 Bridge Class 4 Seminar

32 Voltage Drop

Calculations in D.C

Distributors Radial D.C

Distributor fed one end

and at the both the

ends& Ring Main

Distributor.

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

D.C Distributors

TB1 & R3

33 A.C. Distribution

Systems: Voltage Drop

Calculations in A.C.

Distributors Power

Factors referred to

receiving end voltage

and with

respect to respective

load voltages.

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

A.C Distributors

TB1 & R3

34 A.C. Distribution

Systems: Voltage Drop

Calculations in A.C.

Distributors Power

Factors referred to

receiving end voltage

and with

respect to respective

load voltages.

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

A.C Distributors

TB1 & R3

35 A.C. Distribution

Systems: Voltage Drop

Calculations in A.C.

Distributors Power

Factors referred to

receiving end voltage

and with respect to

respective load voltages.

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

A.C Distributors

TB1 & R4

36 9

A.C. Distribution

Systems: Voltage Drop

Calculations in A.C.

Distributors Power

Factors referred to

receiving end voltage

and with

respect to respective

Compare &

Calculating

voltage drop for

A.C Distributors

TB1 & R3

load voltages./Mock

Test

37 UNIT-IV Substations:

Classification of

substations

Comparision of

substations

Black Board

and Power

Point

Presentation

with Animated

- Informative

Videos

TB1 & R3

38

10

Introduction to Air

insulated substations

Understanding

Air insulated

substations

39 Indoor & Outdoor

substations: Substations

layout showing the

location of all the

substation equipment.

Compare Indoor

& Outdoor

substations

TB1 & R3

40 Bridge Class 5 / Seminar

41 Bus bar arrangements in

the Sub-Stations

Understanding

arrangement of

Bus bar

TB1 & R3

42 Simple arrangements

like single bus bar,

sectionalized single

bus bar, main and

transfer bus bar

system with relevant

diagrams

Comparing

arrangement of

Bus bar

TB1 & R4

43

Simple arrangements

like single bus bar,

sectionalized single

bus bar, main and

transfer bus bar

system with relevant

diagrams

Comparing

arrangement of

Bus bar

TB1 & R5

44

11

Introduction to Gas

insulated substations

Understanding

GIS

TB1 & R3

45 Advantages of Gas

insulated substations,

different types of gas

Understand &

Compare

TB1 & R4

insulated substations

46 single line diagram of

gas insulated

substations

Understanding

single line

diagram of GIS

TB2&R3

47 bus bar,construction

aspects of GIS

Design of GIS TB1 &R3

48

12

Installation and

maintenance of GIS

Understanding &

Design of GIS

TB1 &R4

49 Comparison of Air

insulated substations

and Gas insulated

substations.

Compare AIS &

GIS

TB1 &R3

50 Bridge Class 6 / Seminar

51 UNIT-V Introduction to

Economic Aspects of

Power Generation

Understanding

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

Black Board

Presentation

TB1 &R2

52 Load curve, load

duration and integrated

load duration curves

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

TB1 &R3

53

13

Load curve, load

duration and integrated

load duration curves

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

TB1 &R3

54 Load curve, load

duration and integrated

load duration curves

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

TB1 &R3

55 load, demand, diversity,

capacity, utilization and

plant use factors

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

TB2 &R3

56 load, demand, diversity,

capacity, utilization and

plant use factors

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

TB2 &R3

Generation

57 load, demand, diversity,

capacity, utilization and

plant use factors

Analyzing

Economic

Aspects of Power

Generation

TB2 &R3

58

14

Bridge Class 7 / Seminar

59 Numerical Problems Calculating

Capacity, load

demand of

Power

Generation

TB2 &R3

60 Numerical Problems Calculating

Capacity, load

demand of

Power

Generation

TB2 &R3

61 Tariff Methods: Costs of

Generation

Understanding

Tariff Methods

TB2 &R3

62 Fixed, Semi-fixed and

Running Costs. Desirable

Characteristics of a Tariff

Method

Analyzing Cost

for Tariff

Methods

TB2 &R4

63

15

Fixed, Semi-fixed and

Running Costs. Desirable

Characteristics of a Tariff

Method

Analyzing Cost

for Tariff

Methods

TB2 &R3

64 Tariff Methods: Flat

Rate, Block-Rate,

two-part, three –part

Analyzing Cost

for Tariff

Methods

TB2 &R3

65 Tariff Methods: Flat

Rate, Block-Rate,

two-part, three –part

Analyzing Cost

for Tariff

Methods

TB2 &R3

66 Power factor tariff

methods

Analyzing Power

factor for Tariff

Methods

TB2 &R3

67 Power factor tariff

methods

Analyzing Power

factor for Tariff

TB2 &R3

Methods

68

16

Bridge Class 8 / Seminar

69 Numerical Problems Calculaing Cost

of Generation

TB2 &R3

70 Numerical Problems Problem Solving TB2 &R3

71 Topics Beyond Syllabus:

Single-line diagram of AC

transmission and

distribution system

understand Black Board

and Power

Point

Presentation

TB2 &R3

72 17 revision

QUESTION BANK

DESCRIPTIVE:

UNIT–I

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Sl.No Questions Blooms

Taxonomy Level

Course

Outcome

1. Write the requirements of good coal handling

plant?

Remember

Write

CO1

2. What do you understand by the term “Boiler

Draught” ?

Understand

CO1

3. Explain the unique feature of high pressure

boilers.

Understand

Explain CO1

4. State the applications & limitations of gas

turbines.

Remember

State

CO1

5. What is a Nuclear Reactor? How nuclear reactors

are classified?

Apply

Classify

CO1

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Sl.No Questions Blooms

Taxonomy Level

Course

Outcome

1. a) What are the different types of chimneys and

discuss each type in thermal plants?

Understanding

Explain

CO1

b) Explain super heating.

2. a) Explain the function of the following in thermal

power plant and explain the principle of operation of

each:

i. Economizer ii. Electrostatic precipitator

iii. Condenser iv. Super heater v. Cooling tower

b) Discuss and compare the performance of different types of boilers used in thermal power plants.

Understanding

Explain

Applying,

Discuss

CO1,

CO2

3. a) What is the effect of series capacitor over voltage

control?

b) Explain line drop compensation.

Understanding

Explain

CO1

4. a) Mention the different sources of energy available

in India.

b) Explain the merits and demerits of pulverized fuel

_ring of boilers

Understanding

Explain

CO1

5. a) What are the various control rods used in a nuclear

reactor?

b) Describe the function of each of them.

Remember

Describe

CO1

UNIT – II

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level

Course

Outcome

1. Explain Hydrograph Understanding

Explain

CO2

2. Explain Flow duration curve. Understanding

Explain

CO2

3. How do you classify hydro-electric

power plants?

Applying,

Classify

CO1

CO2

4. Justify why governor is necessary for Evaluate CO2

hydraulic turbines. Justify

5. Name the different sources of Energy in

India.

Remember Name

CO1

CO2

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms

Taxonomy

Level

Course

Outcome

1. With neat diagrams, discuss about penstocks

and water hammer.

Analyze Diagram

CO2

2. A hydro-electric station operates with a mean

head of 40metres and is supplied from a

catchment area of 600 km2 over which the

average rain fall is 150 cm per annum. If 65%

of the total rainfall can be utilized, calculate

the average power that can be generated.

Assume hydraulic efficiency 80% and

electrical efficiency 90%.

Apply Calculate

1CO2

3. Explain the merits and demerits of Hydro-

Electric power plants?

Understanding

Explain

CO1

CO2

4. Write short notes on:

a) Precipitation b) Evaporation

Storage.

Remember

Write

CO2

5. With the help of neat diagram, explain what

are the following:-

a) Dam b) Spillway c) Penstock d) Tail

race e) Draft tube.

Analyze Diagram

Understanding

Explain

CO2

6. Sketch a layout of a hydraulic power plant

suitable for high heads. Label the various parts

and explain their functions

Analyze Diagram

Understanding

Explain

CO1

CO2

7. Write short notes on:-

a) Storage b) Pondage

Remember

Write

CO2

8. With a neat diagram explain the arrangement

of hydraulic power plant

Analyze Diagram

Understanding

Explain

CO2

9. A hydro-station has to operate with a mean

head of 30 meters and is supplied from a

reservoir lake at the rate of 6.93m3 per second.

Calculate the power generated in kW. Assume

density of water 1,000 kg/m3, load factor of

Apply

Calculate

CO1,

CO2

the station 80%, mechanical efficiency of

water turbine 90%, efficiency of generators

90%. Neglect head loss in pipes, penstocks etc

10. Explain hydrograph and flow duration curve

and mention their use

Understanding

Explain

CO2

11. A hydro-electric station operates under a mean

head of 30 meters. The reservoir employed

has a catchment area of 4 x 108 m2. The

average rainfall is area is 125cm per annum.

Determine the capacity of the station for

which it should be designed. Assume that 30%

of the rainfall is lost due to evaporation etc.,

5% of the head is lost in penstock, turbine

efficiency is 85%, alternator efficiency is 85%

and the load factor is 50%.

Evaluate

Determine

CO2

12. State the factors to be considered for selection

of site for hydro-electric power station?

Remember

State

CO1

CO2

UNIT–III

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level Course Outcome

1. What is Distribution System? Understanding

Explain

CO3

2. Explain about Feeders. Understanding

Explain

CO3

3. Explain about Distributors &

Service Mains

Understanding

Explain

CO3

4. What is Under Ground

Distribution System?

Understanding

Explain

CO3

5. What is Over-Head Distribution

System?

Understanding

Explain

CO3

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms

Taxonomy

Level

Course

Outcome

1. Explain in detail about types of DC

Distributors

Understanding

Explain

CO3

2. Explain Ring mains and list its advantages and

disadvantages

Understanding

Explain

CO3

CO4

3. A three phase ring main PQRS fed at P of 11

kV, supplies balanced loads of 50 A at 0.8

p.f lagging at Q, 120 A at unity p.f at R and

70A at 0.866 lagging at S, the

resistances being referred to the

various sections are: Section PQ =(1+j0.6)

ohm; section QR = (1.2+j0.9) ohm; Section

RS = (0.8+j0.5) ohm; Section SP = (3+j2)

ohm. Determine the currents in various

sections and station bus-bar voltages at Q,

R and S.

Apply

Calculate

CO3

CO4

4. What are the advantages of 3-wire distribution

over 2-wire distribution?

Understanding

Explain

CO3

CO4

5. In a 3-phase, 4-wire distribution system with

240 volts between lines and neutral there is a

balanced motor load of 250 kW at 0.8 power

factor. Lamp loads connected between

respective lines and neutral absorb 25, 75 and

100kW. Calculate the current in each line and

in the neutral wire of the feeder cable.

Apply

Calculate

CO3

CO4

UNIT–IV

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level

Course Outcome

1. What is bus bar? Understanding Explain

CO4,CO5

2. What is GIS? Write the advantages

of GIS.

Understanding Explain

CO5

3. What is Neutral grounding? Understanding Explain

CO5,CO6

4. Explain the classification of sub-

stations.

Understanding Explain

CO6

5. What is distribution system? Understanding Explain

CO5,

CO6

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

S.NO Questions Blooms

Taxonomy

Level

Course

Outcome

1. Describe underground or isolated neutral

system. What are its dis-advantages?

Understanding Explain

CO4,

CO5

2. With suitable diagrams explain the main

and transfer bus arrangement

Analyze Diagram

Understanding

Explain

CO4,

CO5

3. a) Explain the classification of sub-stations.

b) Explain the advantages of outdoor sub-

station as compared to the indoor

substation

Understanding

Explain

CO5,

CO6

4. Explain the following with neat diagrams:

a) AC 3 phase 3 wire distribution

system

b) AC 3 phase 4 wire system

Analyze Diagram

Understanding Explain

CO5

5. Describe Arc Suppression coil grounding.

What are its advantages & disadvantages?

Understanding

Explain

CO5

6. a) Name the factors that should be taken care

of while designing and erecting a substation?

b) Compare the indoor and outdoor sub-

stations

Understanding

Explain

CO6

7. Draw the layout of a typical 11 KV / 400 V

indoor substation and explain the

equipments in detail.

Analyze Diagram

Understanding Explain

CO6

8. What are the different types of bus-bar

arrangements used in sub-stations?

Illustrate your answer with suitable

diagrams

Analyze Diagram

Understanding Explain

CO5

CO6

9. a) Explain the procedural steps that should

be adopted for designing a sub-station.

b) What are the equipments present in

typical sub-station? Explain them in detail

Understanding

Explain

CO6

UNIT – V

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Sl.

No.

Questions Blooms Taxonomy Level

Course Outcome

1. Define connected

load.

Understanding CO5

2. Define maximum

demand.

Understanding

CO5

3. Define demand factor. Understanding CO5

4. Define average load. Remembering CO5

5. Define load factor. Remembering CO5

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:

Sl.No Questions Blooms

Taxonomy

Level

Course

Outcome

1. What do you understand by the load curve?

What information is conveyed by a load curve?

Understanding

Explain

CO5,

CO6

2. Describe the desirable characteristics of a

tariff.

Understanding Explain

CO6

3. Describe some of the important types of tariff

commonly used.

Understanding

Explain

CO6

4. Discuss the various methods of determining the

depreciation of the equipment.

Compare

Explain

CO5

CO6

5. Write short notes on the following:

a) Two - part tariff b) Power factor tariff. c)

Three - part tariff

Understanding

Explain

CO6

OBJECTIVES-TYPE QUESTIONS:

UNIT-1

1. Which of following power plants is free from environmental problem? Answer-b a) Steam b) Hydroelectric c) Nuclear d) Diesel engine

2. Gas turbine power plants for maximum efficient may have Answer-d

a) Reheating b) Heat exchangers c) Multistage compression d) All of above

3. Which of the following plants has the maximum capital cost? Answer-b a) Diesel plants b) Nuclear plants c) Hydro-plants d) Steam plants

4. Which of following generating plants has the minimum operating cost? Answer-c a) Diesel plants b) Nuclear plants c) Hydro-plants d) Steam plants

5. Direct conversion of heat energy into electrical energy is possible through. Answer-d a) Thermal converters b) Fuel or solar cell. c) MHD generator d) Both A and C.

6. _____power plants will take long period in erection and installation. 7. ______power plants can generate power at unpredictable or uncontrollable time. 8. A thermal power plant is being supplied with coal having much more ash content than that for

which it was designed. ______units needs major modifications. 9. A generating station which has a high investment cost and low operating cost is usually operated as

a ______. 10. A gas turbine power plant is best suited for ______.

UNIT-2

1. Which of the following is usually not the generating voltage ?(b)

a) 6.6 kV b) 9.9 kV c) 11kV d) 13.2 Kv

2. Boosters are basically (c)

a) Inductors b) capacitors c) transformers d) synchronous motors

3. Which of the following is not the distribution system normally used(d)

a) 3 phase-4 wire b) 3 phase-3 wire c) Single phase - 3 wire d) Single phase -4 wire.

4. Conductors for high voltage transmission lines are suspended from towers (b)

a) To reduce clearance from ground b) to increase clearance from ground

c) To reduce wind and snow loads d) to take care of extension in length during summer.

5. Transmission efficiency increases as (a)

a) voltage and power factor both increase

b) voltage and power factor both decrease

c) voltage increases but power factor decreases

d) voltage decreases but power factor increases

6. With same maximum voltage to earth, ______ac system (with p.f. 0.8) will require more copper as

compared to dc 2 wire system

7. The fact that a conductor carries more current on the surface as compared to core, is known as ______.

8. Skin effect depends on ______.

9. The skin effect of a conductor will reduce as the ______ increases.

10. In overhead transmission lines the effect of capacitance can be neglected when the length of line is

less than ______.

UNIT-3

1. Stones are provided in the substation to (d)

a) To avoid fire accident by draining oil from transformer if leaks

b) To avoid growing of weeds and plants c) To provide insulation d) All the above

2. What is the minimum phase to phase clearance required for 400kV conductors in substation(b)

a) 3500 mm b) 4200 mm c) 5000 mm d) 4500 mm

3. In substation which of the device is a carrier communication device (c)

a) CVT b) Earth conductor c) Wave trap d) Lightning arrestor

4. Which of the device is employed in substation to limit the short circuit current in the power system

(b)

a) Shunt condenser b) Reactor c) Series capacitor d) Shunt capacitor

5. Gas Insulated Substation is employed where: (a)

a) Where there is less space available b) For high altitude substations

c) In terrain region d) All the above

6. ______gas is used in gas insulated substation

7. In a substation current transformers are used to ______.

8. ______ is the maximum transmission voltage substation in India .

9. A bus coupler circuit breaker is utilized in a substation for ______.

10. In order to improve the power factor ___ device is employed in the substation.

UNIT-4

1. Isolators are used for disconnecting a circuit when: Answer-b

a) Line is energized b) Line is on full load

c) Line carries no current d) Can be operated under any condition

2. Under-voltage relay is mostly used for: Answer-a

a) Transformer protection b) Bus-bar protection

c) Motor protection d) Feeder protection

3. Earth fault relays are: Answer-b

a) Directional relay b) Non-directional relay

c) Short operate time relay d) Under voltage relay

4. Differential relays are used for the protection of equipments against: Answer-c

a) Internal faults b) Over-current c) Reverse current d) Reverse power

5. Admittance relay is: Answer-d

a) Non-directional relay b) Directional relay

c) Differential relay d) None of the above

6. The torque developed in Induction type relay is: Answer-b

a) Directly proportional to the current

b) Directly proportional to the square of the current

c) Directly proportional to square root of the current

d) Inversely proportional to the current

7. Buchholz relay is a: Answer-b

a) Oil actuating relay b) Current actuating relay

c) Gas actuating relay d) Oil temperature-actuating relay

8. The relay with inverse time characteristics will operate within: Answer-b

a) 10 msec b) 5 to 10 sec c) 10 to 20 sec d) above 25 sec

9. The operation speed of a relay depends on: Answer-a

a) Rate of flux buildup b) Armature core air gap c) Spring tension d) All the above

10. Which of the following relays has inherent directional characteristics: Answer-a

a) Mho relay b) Impedance relay c) Reactance relay d) Distance relay

UNIT-5

1. Power is transferred from system A to system B by an HVDC link as shown in the figure. If the voltages VAB and VCD are as indicated in the figure, and I>0,then: b

a) VAB<0,VCD<0,VAB>VCD b) VAB>0,VCD>0,VAB>VCD

c) VAB>0,VCD>0,VAB<VCD d) VAB>0,VCD<0

2. Consider a step voltage wave of magnitude 1pu travelling along a lossless transmission line that terminates in a reactor. The voltage magnitude across the reactor at the instant the travelling wave reaches the reactor is: b

a. -1pu b. 1pu c. 2pu d. 3pu

Consider two buses connected by an impedance of (0+j5)Ω. The bus 1

voltage is 100∠30° V, and bus 2 voltage is 100∠0° V. The real and reactive power supplied by bus 1,

respectively are”: c

a) 1000W,268Var b) -1000W,-134Var c) 276.9W,-56.7Var d) -276.9W,56.7Var

3. A three-phase, 33kV oil circuit breaker is rated 1200A, 2000MVA, 3s. The symmetrical breaking current is: d a)1200A b) 3600A c) 35kA d) 104.8Ka

4. Consider a stator winding of an alternator with an internal high-resistance ground fault. The currents under the fault condition are as shown in the figure. The winding is protected using a differential current scheme with current transformers of ratio 400/5A as shown. The current through the operating coil is: a

a) 0.17875A b) 0.2A c) 0.375A d) 60kA

5. A 50Hz synchronous generator is initially connected to a long lossless transmission line which is open circuited at the receiving end. With the field voltage held constant, the generator is disconnected from the transmission line. Which of the following may be said about the steady state terminal voltage and field current of the generator? c

a) the magnitude of terminal voltage decreases and the field current does not change

b) the magnitude of terminal voltage increases and the field current does not change

c) the magnitude of terminal voltage increases and the field current increases

d) the magnitude of terminal voltage does not change and the field current decreases

6. Consider a three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV distribution system. Each of the conductors is suspended by an insulator string having two identical porcelain insulators. The self-capacitance of the insulator is 5 times the shunt capacitance between the link and the ground, as shown in the figure. The voltage across the two insulators is: d

a) e1=3.74kV,e2=2.61kV b) e1=3.46kV,e2=2.89kV

c) e1=6.0kV,e2=4.23kV d) e1=5.5kV,e2=5.5kV

7. Consider a three-core, three-phase, 50Hz, 11kV cable whose conductors are denoted as R, Y and B in the figure. The inter-phase capacitance(C1) between each pair of conductors is 0.2μF and the capacitance between each line conductor and the sheath is 0.4μF.The per-phase charging current is: c

a) 2.0A b) 2.4A c) 2.7A d) 3.5A

8. For the power system shown in the figure below, the specifications of the components are the following: G1: 25kV, 100MVA, X=9% G2: 25'kV, 100MVA, X=9%

T1: 25kV/220kV, 90MVA, X=12% T2: 220kV/25kV, 90MVA, X=12%

Line1: 220kV, X=150 ohms.

Choose 25kV as the base voltage at the generator G1 and 200MVA as the MVA base. The impedance

diagram is.....Options a, b, c, d are given below: b

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

10. For enhancing the power transmission in a long EHV transmission line, the most preferred method is

to connect: c

a) Series inductive compensator in the line

b) Shunt inductive compensator at the receiving end

c) Series capacitive compensator in the line

d) Shunt capacitive compensator at the sending end

WEBSITE ADDRESSES:

1. http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm 2. http://www.pserc.wisc.edu/home/index.aspx 3. http://cesac.howard.edu/ 4. http://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/power_systems 5. http://research.universityofcalifornia.edu/stories/2012/02/smarter-power.html 6. http://www.powersystem.iitm.ac.in/index.html 7. http://www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~peps/ 8. http://nptel.iitk.ac.in/Elec_Engg/IIT%20Kanpur/Power%20Systems%20Analysis.htm 9. http://www.iitk.ac.in/ee/Research_labs/Power_System/Power_System.html 10. http://freevideolectures.com/Course/2352/Power-System-Generation-Transmission-and Distribution

JOURNALS (NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL):

1. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research/ 2. http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijeeps 3. http://www.researchgate.net/journal/0378-7796_Electric_Power_Systems_Research 4. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?reload=true&punumber=59 5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03787796 6. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-electrical-power-and-energy-

TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINORS:

1. Nuclear power generation in India 2. Gas Power generation in India 3. Thermal Power generation in India 4. AC Distribution system in India 5. Power Generation Tariffs in India.

CASE STUDIES/SMALL PROJECTS:

1. Hydroelectric power station model 2. Thermal Power generation model 3. Gas Power generation model 4. AC Distribution system model 5. Preparation of Power Generation Tariffs

LIST OF JOURNALS:

1. Renewable Energy: An International Journal

URL:http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy

2. Journals in Green and Renewable Energy

URL:http://www.springer.com/energy/renewable+and+green+energy?SGWID=0-1721214-12-

812104-0

3. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews

4. Energy Procedia

URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-procedia

5. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering

URL: http://solarenergyengineering.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/journal.aspx

6. Geothermal Energy Journal

URL: http://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/

7. Wind Energy Journal

URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1824

8. Biomass and Bioenergy

URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/biomass-and-bioenergy

9. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5165391

10. International Journal of Marine Energy

URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-marine-energy

11. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy

URL: http://www.springer.com/engineering/civil+engineering/journal/40722

12. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

URL:http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-electrical-power-and-energy-systems/

13. IEEE Power Engineering Journal

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=2224

14. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

URL: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jrse

15. Energy Economics Journal

URL: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-economics

16. IET Renewable Power Generation

URL: http://digital-library.theiet.org/content/journals/iet-rpg

WEBSITES:

1. Renewable Energy News & Information

URL: http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/index.html

2. Renewable Energy Focus

URL: http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/

3. Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)

URL: http://www.ireda.gov.in/

4. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Govt. of India.

URL: http://www.mnre.gov.in/

5. National Renewable Energy Laboratory

URL: http://www.nrel.gov/

6. Solar Energy Society of India

URL: http://www.sesi.in/

7. U.S. Department of Energy

URL: http://www.energy.gov/

8. American Wind Energy Association

URL: http://www.awea.org/

9. International Renewable Energy Agency

URL: http://www.irena.org/home/index.aspx?PriMenuID=12&mnu=Pri

10. European Biomass Industry Association

URL: http://www.eubia.org/

11. Ocean Energy Europe

URL: http://www.oceanenergy-europe.eu/

12. Geothermal Energy Association

URL: http://www.geo-energy.org/

13. Association of European Renewable Energy Research Centers

URL: http://www.eurec.be/en/

14. Energy Labs Inc.

URL: https://www.energylabs.com/web2/index.html

15. Alternative Energy

URL: http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/

EXPERT DETAILS:

1. Prof. M. B. Srinivas

Renewable Energy, Department of Electrical Engineering

Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad

2. Dr. Chetan Singh Solanki

Solar Energy Systems, Department of Energy Science and Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.

3. Dr. Santanu Bandyopadhyay

Renewable Energy Systems, Department of Energy Science and Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.

4. Dr. Krishna Vasudevan

Wind and Photovoltaic Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.

5. Dr. Abdus Samad

Wave Energy Systems, Department of Oceanic Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.

6. Prof. M. P. Sharma

Biomass Energy, Alternative Hydro Energy Centre,

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.

7. Dr. S. K. Singal

Small Hydro Power Plants, Alternative Hydro Energy Centre,

Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.

8. Dr. Kalyan Kumar B

Wind Energy Generators, Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.

9. Dr. Priyanka Kaushal

Biomass Energy System Modelling, Department of Energy & Environment

The Energy Research Institute (TERI School of Advanced Studies), Delhi, India.

10. Dr. Kalyan Kumar B

Wind Energy Generators, Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India.

LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:

1. Solar cell / Photovoltaic Cell

2. Solar water heater

3. PV sun-tracking systems

4. Solar cooker

5. Renewable ocean energy conversion systems

6. Small & micro wind & hydel turbines

7. Hybrid systems (Wind-Solar)

8. Renewable technologies for on-grid electricity generation

9. Wind Grabber - vertical axis - ducted type wind turbine system

10. Renewable conversion technologies

11. Renewable energy (RE) potential and status in India

12. Solar roads

13. Analysis of solar thermal power generation

14. Wind tower

15. Solar thermal energy collectors

16. Wind generator driven doubly fed IG

17. Solar cooling

18. Photovoltaics and other innovative solar systems

19. Wind and solar power forecast for grid operation

20. Integration of renewable energy devices

21. Floating platforms for offshore wind systems

22. Impacts of renewables on energy systems

23. Tidal turbine technology

24. Technical impacts on energy system

25. Development of renewable electricity generation

26. Wind blade repair

27. Oceanic energy systems and their modelling

28. Geothermal energy potential and its applications

CASE STUDIES

1. Case Studies for Renewable Energy Systems in Hospitality Sector in India.

URL:http://www.teriin.org/ResUpdate/Hospitality_Case_Studies.pdf

2. Sustainable biomass power for rural India: Case study of biomass gasifier for village

electrification.

URL:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237263887_Sustainable_biomass_power_for_rural_In

dia_Case_study_of_biomass_gasifier_for_village_electrification

3. Case studies of successful decentralized renewable energy projects that have not only ensure

energy access but also improved livelihoods of people.

URL:http://www.vasudha-foundation.org/wp

content/uploads/10)%20Reader%20Friendly%20Paper%20for%20USO_Case%20studies%20of%20s

uccessful%20decentralised%20RE%20Projects%20for%20energy%20access%20in%20India.pdf

4. Grid integration of wind power: A case study of Tamil Nadu

URL:https://www.academia.edu/183182/Grid_Integration_of_Wind_Power_A_Case_Study_of_Tami

l_Nadu

5. Case study of India’s accelerated depreciation policy for wind energy

URL:https://www.iisd.org/sites/default/files/publications/india-accelerated-depreciation-policy-wind-

energy-case-study.pdf

SMALL PROJECTS

1. Develop a regression based Matlab code for estimating solar radiation.

2. Estimate power curve of a wind turbine.

3. Design and develop a standalone model for analyzing the characteristics of a PV Module.

4. Implementation of a standalone solar power generating unit.

5. Design of a solar thermal energy system for various applications.

6. Design and fabricate a horizontal and vertical axis wind energy system.

7. Modelling and implementation of ducted type wind turbine system.

8. Simulation models of solar power plant and wind energy power plant.

9. Mathematical analysis of biogas production using different feedstock.

10. Design of oceanic energy system using buoy and other floating type energy harvesters.

11. Design of a biogas digester for utilizing the kitchen waste as a fuel for cooking.

12. A brief study on the geothermal energy applications.

13. Modelling of a hybrid renewable energy system.

14. Development of a pumped storage system.

15. Design and construction of a mini-hydel power plant.