PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CHERVIL PLANT (Antheriscus ...

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CHERVIL

PLANT (Antheriscus cerefolium L.) UNDER

SALINITY STRESS

By

SHAIMAA AHMED HUSSEIN HANAFY AHMED

B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Environmental Agric.,), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2009

M.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Plant Physiology), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2015

THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

In

Agricultural Sciences (Plant Physiology)

Department of Agricultural Botany

(Plant Physiology)

Faculty of Agriculture

Cairo University

EGYPT

2019



SALINITY STRESS

By




THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

In

Agricultural Sciences (Plant Physiology)

Department of Agricultural Botany

(Plant Physiology)

Faculty of Agriculture

Cairo University

EGYPT

2019

Format reviewer Vice-Dean of Graduated Studies

APPROVAL SHEET



SALINITY STRESS

Ph.D. Thesis

In

Agric. Sci. (Plant Physiology)

By

SHAIMAA AHMED HUSSEIN HANAFY AHMED B.Sc. Agric. Sci. (Environmental Agric.,), Fac. Agric., Cairo Univ., 2009


APPROVAL COMMITTEE

Dr. SAID AWAD MOHAMED SHEHATA ………………… Professor of Plant Physiology, Fac. Agric., Ain Shams University

Dr. AYMAN YEHIA AMIN…………………………………………. Professor of Plant Physiology, Fac. Agric., Cairo University

Dr. EGLAL MOHAMED ZAKI HARB ……………………….

Professor of Plant Physiology, Fac. Agric., Cairo University

Dr. FARGHAL ABD-EL HAFIEZ ZEID …………………….


Date: 30/1/2019

SUPERVISION SHEET



SALINITY STRESS

PhD Thesis

In

Agric. Sci. (Plant Physiology)

By




SUPERVISION COMMITTEE

Dr. FARGHAL ABD-EL HAFIEZ ZEID Professor of Plant Physiology, Fac. Agric., Cairo University

Dr. EGLAL MOHAMED ZAKI HARB


Dr. ELSAYED ABOUELFOTOWH OMER Researcher Professor of Medical and Aromatic Plants, NRC

Name of candidate: Shaimaa Ahmed Hussein Hanafy

Ahmed

Degree: Ph.D.

Title of Thesis: Physiological Responses of Chervil Plant (Anthriscus

cerefolium L.) Under Salinity Stress

Supervisors: Dr. Farghal Abd-El Hafiez Zeid

Dr. Eglal Mohamed Zaki Harb

Dr. Elsayed Abouelfotowh Omer

Department: Agricultural Botany Branch: Plant Physiology

Approval: 30/1/2019

ABSTRACT A Pot experiment was carried out during seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017),

designed a two-factorial factors experiment in a layout of RCBD. This study was aimed to

elucidate the physiological and growth responses of Chervil plants as well as the essential

oil percentage and components to studied treatments; the foliar spray of methyl jasmonate

and sodium nitroprusside when subjected to studied salinity levels. The experiment

included five soil salinity levels (Control, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm), which was

prepared prior planting. In which each level included five treatments; control which

sprayed by water, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), foliar spray in concentrations; 150µM

(SNP1) and 250 µM (SNP2) and methyl jasmonate; foliar spray in concentrations; 4 ppm

(MeJA1) and 8ppm (MeJA2). Tween 20 is used as a wetting material in all treatments. In

both two successive seasons, sampling was collected at two successive vegetative cuttings

for stuyding growth parameters, chemical components and essentail oil perentage and

components in each cutting. Results indicated that soil salinity showed different effects

according to salinity level either encouraging or inhibiting effects. The encouraging effect

of salinity was 2000 ppm. This trend was confirmed by studied organic compounds (total

sugars, soluble phenols, freee amino acids as well as free proline (mg/g F.w.)) and

inorganic constituents (calcium, potassium, sodium concentration (mg/g D.w.) as well as

sodium: potassium ratio) as well as plant pigments concentrations, and essential oil

percentage. Methyl jasmonate acid effect was observed on root parameters as an

encouraging effect, whereas both MeJA and SNP enhanced shoot parameters. The essentail

oil percentage of chervil plant ranged between 0.01 to 0.12 % in the first cut. Both JA and

SNP increased its percentage. Its major components of essential oil of chervil plant were

Methyleugenol, Estragol or Methyl chavicole and 2-Allyl-1,4 dimethoxybenzene in

sequence, in addition, oxygenated components were its majorty. Results showed a

contradictory relatioship between Methyleugenol and Methyl chavicol (Estragole). It was

found that SNP2 enhanced the production of Methyleugenol while JA enhanced the

synthesis of Estragole. This study concluded that 2000-ppm was suitable salinity level for

growing chervil plant. Moreover, foliar spray of 150 µM sodium nitroprusside showed best

treatment with respecting the effects on plant growth, physiological responses as well as

essential oil and components. Whereever, foliar spray of methyl jasmonate in

concentration of 4 ppm showed best trends in plant growth, biochemical and physiological

responses as well as essentail oil percentage and components in plants grown under 3000

ppm.

Keywords: Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium), Salinity, Sodium nitroprusside, Growth,

Pigments, Essential Oil, Methyl jasmonate

DEDICATION

I dedicate this work to whom my heartfelt thanks; to my husband Mohamed Mohamed Saad and my kids; Roqaya and Ahmed for their patience and help, as well as to my parents, brother, sister and my husband’s family for all the support they lovely offered along the period of my post-graduation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all ultimate great thanks to ALLAH whose blessing on me and without Allah aid, this work could not be achieved. Second and foremost, I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Farghal Abd-el Hafiez Zeid and Dr. Eglal Zaki Harb, Professors of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University as well as Dr. Elsayed Abouelfotowh, Professors of Medicinal Plants, National Research Center, who had supported me throughout my thesis with their patience and knowledge. I well appreciate the decisions that they had taken in helping and supporting me in difficult situations. Their situations were registered in memories history in lines written by light. As well as I wish to express my sincere thanks, deepest gratitude and appreciation to Dr. Ahmed Hussein Hanafy Ahmed, Professor of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, for his guidance through this study starting from a plan as points on a paper until it reached a full written manuscript. Second and foremost, I would like to express appreciate to my family; starting from my parents; DR. Ahmed Hussein Hanafy and Miss Rokaya Ali Kamel, for their love and support throughout my life, for their encouragement to be ambitious. The word thanks is a tiny word to be used by a person to express feelings of appreciation toward his parents, however, the expression will be endless forever, and the words will be dried out before satisfy this appreciation. Thanks and great gratitude toward my sister; Fatma El-Zahraa, and for my brother; Hussein Ahmed Hussein, who I lived with a funny memorial child days. And I warmly thank and appreciate my mother and father-in-law; Madam Sahar Mogazi and Dr. Mohamed Saad for their material and spiritual support in all aspects of my life. And I want to express my gratitude and deepest appreciation to smallest members in my family, the lovely sweet kids, Roqaya and Ahmed, for her great patience and scarifying their rights in playing during this dissertation study. Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my devoted husband and my kids. They form the backbone and origin of my happiness. I owe my every achievement to both of them. Also I thank my husband for his constant encouragements, and his support in life kept the fundamental of our family. And I feel deeply grateful to my dear country Egypt.

i

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1

REVIEW OF LITERATURE ..................................................... 6

1. Growth characters ....................................................................... 6

a. Effect of salinity stress ................................................................. 6

b. Effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) ........................................ 11

c. Effect of methyl jasmonate ......................................................... 19

2. Organic components .................................................................. 28

a. Effect of salinity ......................................................................... 28

b. Effect of sodium nitroprusside ................................................... 40


3. Nutrient elements ....................................................................... 65




4. Essential oil and its components ............................................... 76




MATERIAL AND METHODS ................................................ 87

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 95

1. Plant Growth Characters .......................................................... 95

2. Biochemical constituents: ........................................................ 108

a. Plant Pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll,

chlorophyll a/b, total carotenoids) ................................................ 108

b. Total Sugars, soluble phenols, free amino acids and free

proline ........................................................................................... 120

3. Nutrient elements ..................................................................... 138

4. Essential oil % .......................................................................... 148

5. Essential oil components ......................................................... 153

SUMMARY .............................................................................. 184

REFERENCES ......................................................................... 194

ARABIC SUMMARY

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CHERVIL PLANT (Antheriscus ...

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