perd sa virulence et dans quelle mesure la virulence est liee a ...

TREPONEMA PALLiDUM: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REVIEW 139

a 1'exterieur du corps- ou de l'augmenter lorsqu'ellea commence a diminuer. De telles etudes devraientcomprendre des recherches morphologiques, immu-nologiques et biochimiques pour determiner de faroncertaine ce qui se passe chez le treponeme lorsqu'ilperd sa virulence et dans quelle mesure la virulenceest liee a la reproduction.En meme temps subsiste une certaine incertitude

sur l'identite des treponemes cultives et sur le pointde savoir s'il s'agit seulement d'organismes sapro-phytes accidentels (beaucoup le pensent) ou s'ils sontreellement derives de T. pallidum. Certains trepo-n6mes ont ete cultives a l'origine a partir de lesionssyphilitiques et des recherches nouvelles devront etrefaites au moment de cet isolement plutot qued'attendre des mois ou des annees de sejour dans untube 'a essai pour savoir si leurs proprietes immuno-logiques et serologiques precoces sont identiques acelles qu'ils possedent A une epoque plus tardive ouau contraire se rapprochent davantage de cellesde T. pallidum virulent. Si ce rapprochement etaitprouve, un tel travail devrait s'accompagner d'etudessur les facteurs de la virulence, afin de savoir si unevirulence peut etre induite ou restauree.

En partant de l'hypothese que la virulence est lieea l'antigenicite et en se souvenant que pour une etudescientifique il est infiniment plus important depouvoir disposer du venin d'un serpent que duserpent tout entier, l'on doit souhaiter la poursuitedes etudes sur la structure antigenique du treponemeet sur leur isolement par la methode du fractionne-ment ou par d'autres techniques; de telles recherchespourraient aboutir a la mise au point de methodesd'epreuve de la virulence sans etre oblige de faireappel aux experiences longues et compliqueesd'inoculation a l'animal. Des etudes biochimiquessur les enzymes et sur les autres syst6mes intervenantdans le metabolisme des organismes - virulentscomme non virulents - pourraient fournir d'utilesrenseignements non seulement sur les rapports entreles souches cultivsees et les souches animales deT. pallidum mais encore entre T. pallidum virulent etT. pallidum mobile mais ayant perdu sa virulence.Du fait que la virulence peut 8tre maintenue, grace

a la congelation, pendant plusieurs annees, le pro-bleme le plus important qui est celui de la culture deT. pallidum virulent en dehors du corps ne devraitpas etre insoluble.

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