1

PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH

Makalah Bahasa Indones ia

D is us un Ol eh :

A d i t ya A ch m ad | 3 3 1 31 2 0 05 0

F i r dh an Maul a | 3 31 3 12 00 22

M ar t h a P e rm a ta | 3 3 1 31 20 00 4

T ekn ik Li s t r i k – 3D

D o s en P emb imb in g : J ams e r S .

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK LISTRIK

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

POLITEKNIK NEGERI JAKARTA

2014

2

PEMBANGKIT LITRIK TENAGA SAMPAH

A d i t ya A ch m ad , F i r d h an M aul a , M ar th a P e rm at a

P r o g r a m S t u d i T e k n i k L i s t r i k , T e k n i k E l e k t r o , P o l i t e k n i k N e g r i J a k a r t a , J l . P ro f .

D r . G .A S i w abess y , D e p o k , 1 6 2 4 2 , I n d o n e s i a

E - m a i l : m a r t h a l i m b o n g 2 4 1 0 @ g m a i l . c o m ; a d i t y a . a c h m a d 4 5 @ g m a i l . c o m ;

f i r d h a n m a u l a @ g m a i l . c o m

A bs t ra k

P e m b a n g u a n p e m b a n g k i t l i s t r i k t e n a g a s a m p a h ( P L T S a ) m e r u p a k a n s o l u s i

k e b u t u h a n e n e r g i b a r u t e r b a r u k a n ( E B T ) u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k e b u t u h a n e n e r g i

s e r t a m e m b a n t u m e n g u r a n g i k e t e r g a n t u n g a n t e r h a d a p e n e r g i f o s i l . D e n g a n a d a n y a

p e m b a n g u n a n P L T S a d i p e r k i r a k a n d a r i 3 0 - 5 0 t o n

s a m p a h p e r h a r i d a p a t

m e n g h a s i l k a n l i s t r i k d e n g a n k e k u a t a n h i n g g a 5 0 0 K i l o W a t t . P L T S a l a n d f i l l

g a s t i f i c a t i o n m e r u p a k a n P e m b a n g k i t t e n a g a l i s t r i k y a n g b e r w a w a s a n l i n g k u n g a n

y a n g d a p a t m e m b a n t u p e m e r i n t a h d a l a m m e n a n g a n i p e r m a s a l a h a n s a m p a h

p e r k o t a a n y a n g t e r j a d i s e l a m a i n i .

A bs t ra c t

P o w e r P l a n t W a s t e t o E n e r g y . T h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f P o w e r P l a n t W a s t e t o E n e r g y

i s a r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y n e e d s s o l u t i o n t o i m p r o v e e n e r g y n e e d s a n d t o h e l p r e d u c e s

t h e d e p e n d e n c y o n f o s s i l f u e l s . W i t h t h e P o w e r P l a n t W a s t e t o E n e r g y ,

e s t i m a t i n g l y f r o m 3 0 - 5 0 t o n s w a s t e s p e r d a y c o u l d g e n e r a t e d e l e c t r i c i t y w i t h t h e

p o w e r o f 5 0 0 K i l o W a t t . T h e P o w e r P l a n t W a s t e t o E n e r g y l a n d f i l l g a s t i f i c a t i o n i s

a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l l y s o u n d P o w e r P l a n t w h i c h s h o u l d b e a b l e t o h e l p T h e

G o v e r n m e n t i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e p r o b l e m s o f c i t i z e n w a s t e s t h a t o c c u r s s o f a r .

K e y w o r d s : P L T S a , w a s t e t o e n e r g y , E B T

3

Kata Pengantar

P o l a pen ge lo l aan s amp ah s amp ai s aa t i n i m as i h men ganu t

p a r ad i gm a l am a d im an a s amp ah m as ih d i an ggap s eb aga i s es u a t u yan g

t i d ak b e r gun a , t ak b e r n i l a i eko nom is d an m en j i j i k k an . D ew as a i n i ,

d i t em uk an s ebu ah i no v as i b a ru d a l am mem an f aa t kan samp ah ya i t u

d en gan m en gu bahnya m en j ad i ene r g i l i s t r i k . C ar a i n i t e l ah t e r bu k t i

m em b an tu m en gur an g i t um pu k an s ampah r ak s as a d i n ega ra - n ega r a m aj u

d an j u ga s eb aga i a l t e r n a t i f u n t uk men ga t as i k e t e r gan tu n gan t e rh ad ap

p en ggu n aan BBM yan g k i an t e rb a t a s . K a ren a k e t e r t a r ikan T i m P en u l i s

t e rh ad ap t op ik i n i l ah T im P en u l i s m em ut usk an u n tu k m en j ad i kan

P em b an gk i t Li s t r i k T en aga S amp ah s eb aga i t o p ik u t am a pemb u a t an

m ak a l ah i lm iah se su a i d en gan p e rs ya r a t an T u gas Ak h i r S em es t e r m ata

k u l i ah Bah as a In d on es i a .

D a l am p enu l i s an m ak a l ah i n i s en d i r i T im P en u l i s men ga l ami

b eb e rap a r in t an gan yan g m en gh a l an g i l an ca r n ya p en ye l e s a i an m ak a lah

i n i d i an t a r an ya ya i tu k u r an gn ya w ak t u d i sk us i yan g t e r s ed i a , s an ga t

t e rb a t asn ya m ed i a yan g m en yed i ak an d a t a d an s um b er ya n g d i bu t uh k an ,

d an m as a l ah t ek n i s l a in n ya . A d ap u n ke l anca r an d a r i p enu l i s an m ak a l ah

i n i t i d ak t e r l ep a s da r i b an tu an do s en p embi mb in g Bah asa In d o n es i a Pak

( . . . ) yan g t e l ah sen an t i a s a m em bimb in g dan m en go r eks i T im P enu l i s

d a l am p ro s es p enu l i s an d an p en yu s u n an mak a l ah d a r i aw al h in gga ak h i r .

T im P enu l i s m em an j a tk an pu j i d an syu k u r yan g s eb es a r - b e s a r n ya

k ep ad a T uh an Yan g M ah a Es a k a r en a a t as anu ge r ah - N ya l ah T im

P enu l i s d ap a t m e r am pu n gk an m ak a l ah in i d en gan s emaks i ma l m un gk in .

T ak l up a T im Pen u l i s j u ga t u ru t b e r t e r i m ak as ih k ep ad a do sen

p embi mb in g Ba h asa In d o n es i a a t a s s e t i ap s a r an d an b im bi n gan yan g

b e l i au be r ik an , n a r a s umb er -n a r as um ber yan g t e l ah m enyed i ak an d a t a

d an in f o r m as i yan g m ak a l ah i n i b u tuh k an , s e r t a du ku n gan d a r i o r an g -

o r an g s ek i t a r . A p ab i l a ad a ke s a l ah an d an k eku r an gan da r i m ak a l ah in i

m oh on ko r ek s i d an s a r an u n tu k T im P enu l i s k ed ep an n ya . S emo ga

m ak a l ah in i b o l eh b er m an f aa t d an m en amb ah p en ge tah u an p em b aca

t en t an g P emb an gk i t Li s t r i k T en aga S am p ah .

D ep ok , 20 14

T im P en u l i s .

4

Daftar Is i

K at a

P en gan t a r …… ……… … …… …… …… …… … …… …… …… …… … . . . . …… …i

D a f t a r

Is i … … … …… ……… … …… …… …… …… … …… …… …… …… … …… . . . . . . . i i

BA B 1 :

P end ah u l u an …… …… … …… …… . . ……… … …… …… …… …… … … . . . . . . . . . 1

1 . 1 La t a r Be l ak an g… … …… …… …… … . … …… …… … . . . …… … . . 2

1 . 2 R um us an M asa lah …… …… …… …… . . …… …… …… ……… … 3

1 . 3 Tuj u an P en u l i san …… …… …… ……… . .… …… …… . . …… . . . . 4

1 . 4 M an f aa t P enu l i s an… …… …… ……… … . . …… …… . . …… … …5

BA B 2 : Lan d as an Teo r i … …… …… ….… … …. …… …… …… … … . .… …… .6

BA B 3 : P em b ah as an … …… … . . . . . ……… … . . …… …… ……… … … . .… … . . . 7

BA B 4 : P en u t up an… … …… …… …… …… . .… …… …… ……… … . . …… … . . 8

4 . 1 S a r an . . . . . . . . ……… … …… …… …… …… … …… …… …… …… . 9

4 . 2 K es i mp ul an …… … …… …… …… …… … …… …… …… …… . . 1 0

D a f t a r P us t ak a … …… … …… …… …… …… … …… …… …… …… … …… . . . . 11

5

BAB 1

PENDAHULUAN

J K

1 . 1 La t a r Be l ak an g

P em anf aa t an sampah p e rk o t aan m er up ak an s a l ah s a t u d a r i

p r io r i t a s n as io n a l b id an g en e r g i b a r u d an t e rb a r uk an yan g

t e r t u an g d a l am agen d a r i s e t na s i on a l 2 0 10 -2 01 4 , ha l i n i yan g

j u ga m el a t a r b e l ak an g i u n t uk m en j ad ikan s amp ah seb aga i o b j ek

p en e l i t i an d a l am k on v e rs i en er g i l i s t r i k . S amp ah s e l a lu

m en j ad i p e rm as a l ah an k o t a -k o t a b e sa r d i In d o n es i a . Vo lu me

s amp ah yan g k i an m en in gk a t n amu n t emp at p em buan gan

s amp ah akh i r ( TPA ) yan g t e r ba t as t en tu n ya m en j ad i s u a t u

p e r so a l an j i k a t i d ak d i t an gan i d en gan s eks am a . Vo lu me

s amp ah d i p e rk i r akan ak an t e r us m en i ngk a t d a r i t ah un k e t ahu n ,

m ak a d a r i i t u un tu k m en gan t i s ip as i ad an ya p en i n gk a t an

p en im bu n an s ampah p e r lu d i l aku kan p en ek an an t e rh ad ap

p en i n gk a t an v o l um e s am p ah d engan m en go lah sam p ah

m en j ad ik an en e r g i l i s t r i k yan g r am ah l i n gk un gan . J ik a s am p ah

t e r s ebu t d io l ah m en j ad i s umb e r en er g i a l t e rn a t i f t en tu n ya ak an

s an ga t b e rm an f aa t ba ik d a l am p en yed i aan kebu tu h an en e r g i

l i s t r i k m au pu n m en amb ah p as ok an cad an gan en e r g i l i s t r i k d i

In d o n es i a .

1 . 2 R um us an M asa l ah

1 . Baga i m an a p r i ns ip k e r j a Pemb an gk i t Li s t r i k T en aga

S am p ah?

2 . Ber ap a b es a r po ten s i d aya yan g d ap a t d ih a s i l k an d ar i

P LT S a?

3 . A p a d am p ak p os i t i f d an n ega t i f d en gan ad an ya P LT S a?

1 . 3 T uj u an P en u l i s an

1 . M en ge t ahu i p r in s ip k e r j a d a r i P LT S a .

2 . M en get ahu i p o t ens i d a ya yan g d ap a t d i h as i lk an d ar i

P LT S a .

3 . M en get ahu i d amp ak yan g t e r j ad i d en gan ad an ya P LT S a .

6

1 . 4 M an f aa t P enu l i s an

1 . M en am bah w aw asan p en u l i s m aup un p em b aca t en t ang

p em an f aa t an s am apah m en j ad i pemb angk i t l i s t r i k .

2 . M emb uk a waw as an t e rh ad ap s a l ah s a tu en er g i t e rb a r uk an

ya i t u s amp ah s eb aga i en e r g i a l t e r n a t i f men gu r ang i

k e t e r gan tu n gan t e rh ad ap b ah an b ak a r f o s i l .

7

BAB 2

LANDASAN TEORI

2 . 1 P en ge r t i an S am p ah

S am p ah m eru p ak an s ua tu b ah an yan g t e rb u an g a t au d i buan g

d a r i su a t u su mb e r h as i l ak t iv i t a s m anu s i a m au pu n p r os e s -

p r os e s a l am yan g t i d ak m em pu n ya i n i l a i eko no mi . D a l am

U n d an g - U nd an g N o . 1 8 t en t an g P en ge l o l aan Sam p ah

d in ya t ak an d e f i n i s i s amp ah s eb aga i s i s a k eg i a t an seh a r i - h a r i

m anu s i a d an a t a u da r i p ro s es a l am yan g b e r b en t uk p ad a t .

P e rm as a l ah an s ampah m er up ak an p er mas a l ah an yan g k r u s i a l

b ahk an samp ah dap a t d in ya t ak an seb aga i m as a l ah ku l t u r a l

k a r ena b er d am pak p ad a s i s i k eh id up an t e r u t am a d i ko t a - k o t a

b e s a r s ep e r t i J ak a r t a , Su r ab a ya , Ban d u n g , M a k as s a r , M ed an ,

d an k o t a be s a r l a inn ya . S amp ah ak an t e ru s ad a d an t i d ak ak an

b e r h en t i d ip r od uks i o l eh k eh i du p an m anu s i a , j u ml ah n ya akan

b e r b an d in g l u ru s den gan jum l ah p en du d uk . P er m as a l ah an in i

ak an t im bu l k e t ik a s amp ah m en ump uk d an t i d ak dap a t d ike l o l a

d en gan b a i k s eh i ngga d ap a t m en im bu lk an d am p ak yan g l u as

b a ik s os i a l , m as ya r ak a t , k es eh a t an , m au p un l i n gku n gan .

S am p ah d i bed ak an m e n j ad i t i ga j en i s , ya i t u b e r da s a rkan

s um b er n ya , b e r d as a r k an s i f a tn ya d an be r d a sa r k an b en tu knya .

2 . 1 . 1 . 1 S am p ah Be rd as a r k an S umb er n ya

1 . S am p ah A l am

S am p ah a l am ad a l ah s amp ah yan g d ip r o du ks i d i

k eh i du p an l i a r d an m en ga l ami p r os e s d au r u l an g

a l am i .

2 . S am p ah M anus i a

S am p ah m an us i a ad a l ah i s t i l ah yan g d i gu n ak an

t e rh ad ap h as i l - h as i l p en ce rn aan m an us i a , s ep er t i

f e s es d an u r in .

3 . S am p ah K on su ms i

S am p ah ko ns ums i ad a l ah s ampah yan g

d ih a s i l k an o l eh m anu s i a pen ggu na b ar an g.

D en gan k a t a l a in s amp ah k on sum s i ad a l ah

s amp ah yan g d i b u an g k e t emp a t s amp ah .

4 . S am p ah B3 ( Li mb ah R ad io k a t i f )

S am ap ah B3 ( b ahan Be r acu n d an Be r b ah aya )

a t au Li mb ah R ad i o ak t i f ad a l ah s am p ah yan g

b e r b ah aya b ag i l i n gk u n gan h id up dan m an us i a

8

k a r ena b e r acu n , t e r i n f ek s i v i rus , a t aup un

m en gand un g un su r r ad i o ak to f b e rb a h aya . S amp ah

j en i s i n i umu mn ya d ip i s ah d a r i s am pah j en i s l a in

d an d i p ros e s s eca r a t e r p i s ah d an k h usus .

2 . 1 . 2 S am p ah Be rd as a r k an S i f a t n ya

1 . S am p ah O r gan i k

S am p ah o r gan i k ad a l ah j en i s s am p ah yan g d ap a t

t e ru r a i (d egr ad ab l e ) .

2 . S am p ah A no r gan i k

S am p ah an o r gan ik ad a l ah s am p ah yan g yan g t i d ak

m ud ah m emb us uk dan m en gur a i ( u nd eg ra da b l e ) .

2 . 1 . 3 S am p ah Be rd as a r k an Ben tu kn ya

1 . S am p ah P ad a t

2 . S amp ah C a i r

2 . 2 P r i ns i p K e r j a P LT U

P ada d a s a r n ya P LT S a ad a l ah P LT U be r b ahan b ak a r s amp ah

s eh i n gga p ad a p r in s i p k e r j an ya t i d ak l ah j auh b e rb ed a j i k a

d ib and i n gk an d en gan p r i ns ip k e r j a P LT U p ad a umu mn ya .

P ro s es ko nv e rs i ene r g i p ad a P LT U b er l an gs un g d en gan t i ga

t ah ap an , ya i t u ;

1 . E n e r g i k im ia d a l am b ah an b ak ar d i ub ah men j ad i p an as

d a l am b en tu k uap be r t ek an an d an be r t em p er a tu r t i n gg i .

2 . E n e r g i p an as (u ap) d i ub ah m en j ad i en e r g i m ek an ik d a l am

b en t uk p u t a r an .

3 . E n e r g i m ek an i k d i ub ah m en j ad i en e r g i l i s t r i k .

G b 1 P r o s e s K o n v e r s i E n e r g i p a d a P L T U

9

Bag i an - bag i an u t am a p ada P LT U t e r d i r i d a r i ;

1 . Bo i l e r

Bo i l e r b e r fu n gs i s eb aga i p en gub ah b ah an b aka r m en j ad i u ap

p an as yan g ak an d igu n ak an u n t uk m em ut a r t u rb in .

2 . T u rb in U ap

T u rb in u ap b e r fu n gs i un t uk m en gk o nve r s i en e r g i pan as yan g

d ik and un g o l eh u ap men j ad i en e r g i pu t a r ( en e r g i m ek an i k ) .

P o r os T u rb in d ih u bu n gkan d en gan po ro r s G en e r a t o r

s eh i n gga k e t ik a T u rb in b e r pu t a r G en e r a to r j u ga ik u t

b e r pu t a r .

3 . K o nd ens or

K o nd ens or b e r fu ngs i u n tu k m en gkon d es a s ik an u ap bek as

d a r i t u r b i n yan g s eb e lum n ya t e l ah d i gu n ak an un t u k m emu t ar

t u rb i n .

4 . G en e r a to r

G en e r a to r b e r fu n gs i u n t uk m en gu b ah en e r g i p u t a r da r i

t u rb i n m en j ad i en e rg i l i s t r i k .

1 0

BAB 3

PEMBAHASAN

3 . 1 P en ge r t i an P LT S a

P LT S a (P em b an gk i t Li s t r i k T en aga S am p ah ) m e ru p ak an

p emb an gk i t yan g d ap a t m emb an gk i t k an t en aga l i s t r i k d en gan

m em an f aa tk an samp ah s eb aga i b ah an u t am an ya , b a ik den gan

s amp ah o r gan ik mau pu n ano r gan i k . M ek an i sm e p em b an gk i t an

d ap a t d i l ak uk an d en gan me to d e s ecara p em b ak a r an ( t h er m al )

d an s eca r a b i o l o g i s ya i t u d en gan ca r a l an d f i l l ga s t i f i ca t io n .

3 . 2 P r i ns i p K e r j a P LT Sa

Be r d as a r k an m et ode yan g d i l ak uk an , p r in s i p k e r j a P LT S a

d ib ed ak an m en j ad i d u a ya i t u p r in s ip k e r j a d en gan me t od e

p emb aka r an ( t h erm a l ) d an d en gan m et od e b io lo g i s ( l a n d f i l l

g as t i f i ca t io n ) .

3 . 2 . 1 P LT S a T h e rm al

P ro s es k e r j an ya ad a l ah s eb aga i b e r i ku t ;

1 . S am p ah d i tu ru nk an k ad ar a i rn ya d en gan ca ra

d i t i r i sk an d i d a l am ru an g h am pa u d a r a s e l ama

k u r an g l eb i h l im a ha r i .

2 . S et e l ah k ada r a i r t e r s i s a ±45% s amp ah ak an

d im as uk k an k e d a l am tu n gku p em bak a r an u n tuk

d ib ak ar p ada s uh u 85 0O

C- 90 0O

C. P an as da r i h as i l

p emb aka r a n in i ak an m em an ask an b o i l e r d an

m en gub ah a i r d a l am b o i l e r m en jad i uap .

3 . U ap yan g t e r c i p t a ak an d i sa lu r kan k e t u rb in u ap

s eh i n gga tu r b in ak an b e rp u t a r . Ka r en a t u rb i n

d ih ub un gk an d en gan gen e r a to r m ak a k e t ik a t u rb in

b e r pu t a r gene r a t o r j u ga ak an b e r pu t a r .

4 . G en e r a to r yan g b e rp u t a r ak an men gh as i lk an t en aga

l i s t r i k yan g n an t inya ak an d i s a l u rk an k e j a r in gan

l i s t r i k mi l ik P LN s emen t a r a u ap yan g m el ew at i

1 1

SAMPAH

DAUR ULANG

DIPANASKAN

SISA PEMBAKARAN BERUPA ZAT PADAT

BOILER

PENGUBAHAN PANAS

JADI GAS

PEMURNIAN GAS

TURBIN UAPUAP

TURBIN GASGAS

JADI UAP

GENERATOR

PENYULINGAN AIR

AIR

LISTRIK

t u rb i n ak an k eh i l an gan p an as d an d i s a l u rk an k e

b o i l e r l ag i un tu k d ip an as k an , d emi k i an s e t e ru sn ya .

G b 2 . 1 P r o s e s P e r u b a h a n S a m p a h M e n j a d i E n e r g i d e n g a n

M e t o d e T h e r m a l

K o ns ep P en go lah an S am pah m en j ad i En e r gi

s eca r a r i n gk as1 ad a l ah s eb aga i b e r i ku t ;

1 . P em i l ah an S am p ah

S am p ah d i p i l ah un tu k m em an f aa tk an s am p ah

yan g m as i h dap a t d i d au r u l an g . S i s a s am p ah

d im as uk k an k e da l am t un gk u In s in e r a t o r un tu k

d ib ak ar .

2 . P em b ak a r an S am pah

P em b ak a r an s am pah m en ggu n ak an t ekn o l o gi

p emb aka r an yan g m em un gk in k an p emb ak a r an

b e r j a l an e f ek t i f da n aman bag i l i n gk u n gan . S uhu

p emb aka r an d ipe r t ah ank an d a l am d e r a j a t

p emb aka r an yan g t i n gg i (d i a t as 13 0 0oC) . A sap

yan g k e l u a r da r i p emb ak a r an ju ga d ik end a l ik an

u n t uk d apa t s e su a i d en gan s t an d ar b aku m utu emis i

ga s bu an g .

3 . P em anf aa t an Pan as

H as i l p emb aka r an s amp ah akan men gh as i l kan

p an as yan g d ap a t d im an f aa t k an un tuk m em anask an

b o i l e r . Uap pan as yan g d i h as i lk an s igu n ak an un tu k

m em ut a r t u rb in d an se l an j u t n ya m en gge r akk an

gen e r a to r l i s t r i k .

1 ” W a s t e t o E n e r g y , ” T R I B U N ( 2 0 0 7 )

1 2

4 . P em anf aa t an A bu S i s a P em b ak a r an

S i s a d a r i p ros e s p em b ak a r an s am p ah ad a l ah abu .

V o lum e d a r i b e r a t ab u yan g d i h as i lk an d i p e rk i r akan

h an ya k u r an g da r i 5 % d a r i b e r a t a t au v o l um e

s amp ah semu la s ebe l um d i b ak a r . Di n ega r a - n ega ra

m aj u ab u s i s a p em b ak a r an in i ak an d im an f aa t k an

u n t uk m en j ad i bah a n b aku b a t ako a t au b ahan

b an gun an l a in n ya s e t e l ah d i p r os e s .

3 . 2 . 2 P LT S a Lan d f i l l G as t i f i c a t i on

P LT S a Lan d f i l l G as t i f i c a t i on ad a l ah PLT S a yan g

m em an f aa tk an ga s m et an a (C H 4 ) yan g d i pe r o l eh d ar i

h a s i l d ekom po s i s i s amp ah o r gan i k p ad a l an d f i l l a r ea

yan g t e l ah d i s ed i ak an . T ekn o l o gi i n i m e ru p ak an

t ekn o lo g i s eca r a b io lo g i s d an t i d ak m en ggu n akan

m ek an i sm e p em b aka r an .

T ekn o l o g i l an d f i l l g as u n tu k p em b an gk i t an

t en aga l l i s t r i k m e ru p ak an t ek no lo g i yan g b e r waw as an

l i n gk un gan d an dap a t m emp erb a i k i s t r uk t u r d an

m er ek l am as i l ah an T PA yan g t e l ah d i gu n ak an .

K an du n gan ga s me t ana (CH 4 ) yan g d i ha s i l k an

m el a lu i m ek an i sm e p en ge lo l aan s amp ah o r gan ik

d en gan s i s t em l a nd f i l l g as t i f i ca t i on ada l ah ;

T a b e l 3 . 1 K a n d u n g a n G a s L a n d f i l l

U r a i an V o lum e gas

K an du n gan ga s L and f i l l 0 , 07 65 – 0 ,1 42 5 m3/ k g

K an du n gan ga s M etan a

( C H 4 ) 0 , 03 8 – 0 , 07 3 m

3 CH 4 / k g

1 3

G b 2 . 2 P r o s e s L a n d f i l l G a s t i f i c a t i o n

3 . 3 P ot en s i D a ya P em ban gk i t an P LT S a

J um lah po t ens i d aya yan g m am pu d i ban gk i t kan d ar i k andu n gan

en e r g i yan g t e r s ed ia d a r i s amp ah o r gan ik2 ad a l ah ;

T a b e l 3 . 2 P o t e n s i D a y a P e m b a n g k i t a n P L T S a

U r a i an K e t e ran gan

Be r a t Samp ah O rgan i k Ko ta

M ed an

1 1 90 ,7 to n / h ar i

P o t en s i E ne r g i Li s t r i k 1 . 59 7 , 9 – 3 . 06 9 , 6 GJ / h a r i

D a ya T e r s ed i a ( dem a nd ) 1 8 ,5 – 3 5 , 5 MW

D a ya Y an g D ap a t

D i ban gk i t k an ( s up p l y )

5 , 5 – 10 ,6 5 MW

P ro du ks i E ne r g i Li s t r i k pe r

H a r i

2 1 7 , 26 MWh

P ro du ks i E nn e r g i Li s t r i k p e r

T ahu n

7 2 .4 20 MWh / y

2 K u k u h S i w i K u n c o r o , S t u d i P e m b a n g u n a n P e m b a n g k i t L i s t r i k T e n a g a

S a m p a h D i t i n j a u d a r i A s p e k T e k n i s , E k o n o m i d a n L i n g k u n g a n ( S u r a b a y a :

I T S , 2 0 1 1 ) , h l m . 4

1 4

3 . 4 D amp ak P os i t i f d an N ega t i f d a r i P emban gu n an P LT S a

3 . 4 . 1 D amp ak P os i t i f

1 . S ebaga i s o l us i un tu k m en ga t as i ke t e r gan t un gan

t e rh ad ap b ah an bak a r f os i l s ep e r t i BBM d an

b a tu b ar a yan g k e t e r s ed i an n ya s em ak in t e r b a t as d an

m en ip i s .

2 . P em anf aa t an s am pah yan g e f ek t i f s eb aga i su mb er

en e r g i a l t e rn a t i f t e r b a r uk an .

3 . M emb an tu P em er in t ah m en ga t a s i p e rm as a l ah an

s amp ah t e ru t am a d i k o t a - k o t a b es a r .

4 . M en gat a s i p e rm as a l ah an T emp at P emb u an gan

S am p ah (TP A ) yan g t e rb a t as .

5 . M en am bah p a so k an cad an gan ene rg i l i s t r i k d i

In d o n es i a .

3 . 4 . 2 D amp ak N ega t i f

1 . Ber k u r an gn ya l apan gan k e r j a b ag i w a r ga yan g

m en ggan t un gk an h id u pn ya d a r i s am p ah yan g ad a d i

T PA .

2 . A d an ya p o lu s i ud ar a ya i t u b au t ak s ed ap d i s ek i t a r

P LT S a d i l ok as i p en am pu n gan s am p ah seb e lum

d ip r os es .

3 . A d an ya s en yaw a o r gan ik b e r b ah aya b e r up a D iox in

yan g m er u pk an h as i l s ampi n gan d ar i s in t e s a k imi a

p ad a p ro se s p em bak a r an .

4 . A d an ya r e s i du a t au abu b aw ah ( b o t t o m as h ) d an

ab u t e r b an g ( f l y a sh ) yan g t e r m as uk l im b ah B3 .

1 5

BAB 4

PENUTUPAN

4 . 1 S a r an

U n tu k m en ga t as i dam p ak nega t i f d a r i p emb an gun an P LT Sa

ad a b eb e r ap a s o l us i yan g t e l ah d i l aku k an o l eh n ega r a -n ega r a

m aj u yan g t e l ah l eb ih d u lu m en e r apkan s i s t em wa s t e t o en e rg y

a t au P LT S a .

1 . U n tu k m en ga t as i p r o t es w a r ga a t a s p emb an gun an P LT S a

ad a b a i kn ya d i adak an P ro gr am P em b an gu n an Ko mun i t as

s eb aga i b e r i ku t ;

a ) P ro gr am Pemb an gun an K omu ni t a s b agi P em ulu n g

b ) P ro gr am P em b an gun an Kom u ni t as b agi M as ya r ak a t l ok a l

d an to ko h mas ya r a k a t .

2 . U n tu k m en ga t as i po lu s i u d a ra b e r up a b au t ak s ed ap dap a t

d i a t as i d en gan d ib u a t j a l an t e r s en d i r i k e l o kas i P LT Sa

m el a lu i j a l an To l , d i s ek e l i l i n g b agu n an P LT S a d i t anami

p o ho n s eh i n gga m em b en t uk g r een b e l t ( s abu k h i j au ) s e l u as 7

h ek t a r .

3 . U n tu k m en ga t as i s en yaw a b e rb ah aya b e r up a Di ox in P LT S a

d ap a t d i l e n gk ap i d en gan s i s t em p en go l ah an emi s i dan

e f lu en s eh in gga p o l u t an yan g d i k e l u ar k an b e r ad a d i b aw ah

s t an da r b ak u mu tu ga s b u an g yan g b e r l aku d i In d o n es i a ,

d an t i d ak m en cem ar i l i n gku n gan .

4 . U n tu k m en ga t as i h a s i l p em bak a r an s amp ah b e ru p a ab u

b e r b aga i P LT S a d i n ega r a -n ega r a ma ju t e l ah m em anf aa tk an

ab u t e r s ebu t s ebaga i b ah an b ak u b a t ako a t au b ah an

b an gun an .

4 . 2 K es i mp ul an

S am p ah m er up ak an ene r g i t e r b ar uk an yan g d ap a t m en jad i

a l t e r n a t i f d a l am m en ga t as i k e t e r gan tu n gan m asya r ak a t

t e rh ad ap ene r g i fo s i l yan g s em ak in t e r b a t as . P em ros e s an

s amp ah t e r d i r i da r i d u a m et od e ya i tu d en gan p em b ak a r an

d en gan p r i ns ip ke r j a d an j en i s t u rb i n yan g s am a d en gan P LT U

d an yan g k ed u a d en gan m et od e b io lo g i s ya i t u Lan d f i l l

G a s t i f i ca t io n yan g m em an f aa tk an ga s m et an a (C H 4 ) yan g

d ip e ro l eh d a r i h as i l d ek om po s i s i s ampah o r gan i k .

1 6

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

D j i t en g M ar su d i IR , 20 05 . “ P em ba ng k i ta n En erg i L i s t r i k” ,

J ak a r t a : E r l an gga .

S i wi Ku n co r o K uku h , 20 11 . “St u d i Pem b an gu na n L i s t r i k T en ag a

S a mp ah D i t i n ja u da r i As p ek Tekn i s , E kon o mi d an

Li ng kun ga n” , S ur ab a ya : IT S .

Les t a r i , En d an g , d k k , 20 09 . “ P eman fa a t an G as d ar i Sa m pa h

u n t u k P em ba ng k i t E n er g y L i s t r i k” , J ak a r t a : M &E .

P e r a tu r an M ent e r i E n er g i d an S umber D aya M i n e r a l N o mo r 07

t ahu n 2 01 0 . “Ta r i f T ena ga L i s t r i k yang Di s ed ia kan O l eh PT .

P LN (P E RS E RO ” ) .

P T. P LN ( PE RSER O ) , 2 01 0 . “ Renca na U mu m P emb a ng k i t an

T ena ga L i s t r i k 2 010 - 20 19” , J ak ar t a .

S e j a t i , K u co ro , 20 09 . “ Peng e lo la an S am pa h T er pa du” ,

Y o g yak a r t a : K an i s iu s .

S ya r i f f ud in Mahmu ds yah , 2 0 08 . “D i k t a t K u l ia h P em b an g k i t

T ena ga L i s t r i k” , Su r ab aya : FT I - IT S .