P-Series Power Meter/Sensor LTE Measurement - TestEquity

Agilent Technologies

P-Series Power Meter/Sensor LTE Measurement

Technical Overview with Self-Guided Demonstration Guide

2

Accelerate your LTE Signal Burst Power Measurement with Agilent P-Series Power Meter/Sensor

Using the industry’s latest development technology, the long term evolution

(LTE) standard from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is deployed

all around the world. The complexity of the LTE system requires comprehensive

signal and modulation analysis as well as RF power measurement. The Agilent

P-Series power meter/sensor makes it possible to measure the sub-frame

signal of time-division-duplex (LTE-TDD) and average burst power signal of

frequency-division-duplex (LTE-FDD) with built-in LTE predefined measurement

setup and statistical complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF)

measurement.

This document explains how to generate LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD signals using

Agilent N7624B/N7625A Signal Studio software along with Agilent ESG Vector

Signal Generator. A step-by-step guide demonstrates time-gated/average burst

signal measurement as well as CCDF measurement for LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD

signals using Agilent P-Series power meter and sensor.

Introduction

The combination of N1911A/12A P-Series power meters and N1921A/22A

wideband power sensors can quickly and accurately measure peak, average,

peak-to-average ratio power measurement, rise/fall time, pulse width, and

complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) statistical data for

wideband signals.

The 30 MHz video bandwidth and 100 x 106 samples per second sampling rate

of the P-Series power meter make it possible to capture signals with high crest

factor and fast transition times which is the characteristic of LTE signals. The

diode-based P-Series power sensor offers a higher frequency range of up to

40 GHz and wider dynamic range of up to 55 dB for better sensitivity to enable

reliable measurements of peak and average burst power.

Further simplifying measurement set up, the one-button predefined preset LTE

setup of the P-Series power meter reduces the setup time required to capture

the signal effectively. By following a few easy steps, you can use the P-Series

power meter/sensor to obtain power versus time (PvT) measurement and

statistical CCDF for LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD signals.

Introduction 2

Power versus Time (PvT)• 3

Complementary Cumulative •

Distribution Function

(CCDF)

4

LTE Overview 5

Demonstration Preparation 7

Part 1 : LTE-TDD Sub-Frame

Burst Power Measurement

Measuring Downlink •

Sub-Frame Burst Power

9

10

Measuring Uplink •

Sub-Frame Burst Power

12

Part 2 : LTE-TDD CCDF Power

Statistical Measurement

13

Part 3 : LTE-FDD Average

Burst Power Measurement

15

Conclusion 16

Ordering Information 16

Related Agilent Literature 16

Reference 16

Related Web Resorces 16

Contents

3

Power versus Time (PvT)

Power level transmission is an important LTE conformance specification. It is

defined as the time-average power over the useful period of a downlink or uplink

subframe burst. Peak-to-average power can also be obtained during this period.

To make accurate and stable measurements, it is important that the power

meter is able to capture the desired complete subframe consistently within

the fixed timeframe. This can be achieved by applying a proper time-triggering

mechanisms, such as trigger level, holdoff, and delay, which are available in the

P-Series power meters.

The trigger level of a P-Series power meter is typically set at auto-level. Trigger

holdoff ensures that the acquisition will not occur until the holdoff time has

passed and a valid trigger is found. This is very useful for burst signals that have

amplitude variations, because these variations can cause false triggering.

Trigger delay allows measurement of different signals. By just changing the

delay setting of the power meter, you can make a power measurement of the

next subframe.

Furthermore, the P-Series power meter is optimized to operate in the trace

display when measuring a burst signal. Downlink or uplink subframe burst

signals can be captured via time-gated methodology by applying the markers

(1 & 2) of the trace.

Figure 1. Burst power signal structure without constant duty cycle. In the P-Series power

meter, green lines (Marker 1 and Marker 2) are indicate the start and end burst sub-frame

signal power measurement.

Burst power signal

Duty cycle

4

Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF)

The complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) is a plot of

probability versus peak-to-average (PAR), which characterizes the statistical

power of a signal. CCDF is one of the important measurements in designing

LTE power amplifiers that must be capable of handling high PAR signal exhibits

while constantly maintaining good adjacent-channel leakage performance.

The CCDF plot is primarily used in the wireless communication market for

evaluating multicarrier power amplifier performance. It measures the percentage

of time when the PAR is at or exceeds a specific power level.

Figure 2. CCDF plot shows the Y-axis represents the percentage of time the signal power

is at or exceeds the power specified by the X-axis

5

LTE Overview

LTE is the next major step in mobile

radio communications, and will be

introduced in 3GPP Release 8.

The LTE specifi cation provides a

framework for increasing capacity,

improving spectrum effi ciency,

improving coverage, and reducing

latency compared with current high

speed packet access (HSPA)

implementations. In addition,

transmission with multiple input and

multiple output (MIMO) antennas

will be supported for greater

throughput, as well as enhanced

capacity or range.

Key Attributes for LTE

Downlink capacity • – Peak data rates up to 172.8 Mbps with 20 MHz

bandwidth and 2x2 SU-MIMO

Uplink capacity• – Peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

and 64QAM

Spectrum flexibility• – Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz

Spectral efficiency• – Increased spectral efficiency over Release 6 HSPA by a

factor of two to four

Latency• – Sub-5 ms latency for small internet protocol (IP) packets

Mobility• – Optimized for low mobile speed from 0 to 15 km/h; higher mobile

speeds up to 120 km/h supported with high performance

Support for packet-switched domains only• .

Multiple Access Technology

Downlink and uplink transmission in LTE are based on the use of multiple

access technologies, specifically, orthogonal frequency division multiple access

(OFDMA) for downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiple access

(SC-FDMA) for the uplink.

Transmission Bandwidth

In order to address the international wireless market and regional spectrum

regulations, LTE allows selection of varying channel bandwidths, from 1.4 to

20 MHz, with sub-carrier spacing of 15 kHz. In the case of multimedia broadcast

multicast service (MBMS), a sub-carrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is also possible.

Sub-carrier spacing is constant regardless of channel bandwidth. To allow

for operation with differently sized spectrum allocations, the transmission

bandwidth is instead altered by varying the number of OFDM sub-carriers as

shown in Table 1.

Transmission bandwidth

for LTE FDD (MHz)

1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Number of sub-carriers 72 180 300 600 900 1200

Table 1: Number of sub-carriers for the different downlink and uplink transmission

bandwidths

This LTE overview information

provides a quick review of some of

the physical-layer characteristic of

an LTE signal. Please refer to the

Agilent 3GPP Long Term Evolution

application note, literature number

5989-8139EN, for in-depth LTE

technical information.

6

LTE Overview (continued)

Frame Structure

There are two radio frame structures for LTE: frame structure type 1 (FS1) for full

duplex and half duplex FDD, and frame structure type 2 (FS2) for TDD. The frame

structure for full duplex FDD is shown in Figure 3.

FS1 is optimized to co-exist with 3.84 Mbps UMTS system. This structure consists of

ten 1 ms sub-frames, each composed of two 0.5 ms slots, for total duration of 10 ms.

The FSQ is the same in the uplink and downlink in terms of frame, sub-frame, and

slot duration, although the allocation of the physical signals and channels is quite

different. Uplink and downlink transmission are separated in the frequency domain.

#0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19

Figure 3. LTE frame structure type 1 (TS 36.211 V8.30)

Figure 4. LTE frame structure Type 2 (5 ms switch-point periodicity) (TS 36.211 V8.20)

One radio frame, Tf = 307200 T

s = 10 ms

One slot, Tslot

= 15360 Ts = 0.5 ms

One subframe

The structure of FS2 is much more flexible than the structure of FS1. An example

of an FS2 structure is shown in Figure 4. This example shows 5 ms switch-point

periodicity and it consists of two 5 ms half-frames for a total duration of 10 ms.

Sub-frames consist of either an uplink or downlink transmission or a special

sub-frame containing the downlink and uplink pilot timeslots (DwPTS and UpPTS)

separated by a transmission gap guard period (GP). The allocation of the sub-frames

for the uplink, downlink, and special sub-frames is determined by one of seven

different configurations. Sub-frames 0 and 5 are always downlink transmissions, and

sub-frame 1 is always a special sub-frame, but the composition of the other

sub-frames vary depending on the frame configuration.

One radio frame, Tf = 307200 T

s = 10 ms

One half-frame, 153600 Ts = ms

One slot,

Tslot

= 15360 Ts

30720 Ts

One subframe,

30720 Ts

DWPTS GP UPPTS DWPTS GP U

PPTS

Subframe #0 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4 Subframe #5 Subframe #7 Subframe #8 Subframe #9

7

Demonstration Preparation

These demonstrations focuses on

LTE measurements over a LAN

connection.

The following instruments and

software are used in this demo guide:

E4438C ESG vector signal •

generator[1]

N1911A/N1912A P-Series power •

meter

N1921A/1922A P-Series wideband •

power sensor

N7625A (for LTE-TDD) and N7624B •

(for LTE-FDD) Signal Studio

software[2]

Agilent Signal Studio is a Windows®

-

based utility software that simplifi es

creation of standard or customized

LTE waveform. With the Signal Studio

software, the desired LTE waveform

profi le can be confi gured and

downloaded into a signal generator,

and the signal generator will then

generate the waveform for testing.

To download and update instrument

fi rmware and software, visit:

www.agilent.com/find/wideband_•

powermeters

www.agilent.com/fi nd/esg•

www.agilent.com/fi nd/mxg•

www.agilent.com/fi nd/signlstudio•

Alternatively, you can use the N5182A MXG vector signal generator, fi rmware revision A.01.45 or later, frequency range option 503 or 506, and 1.

baseband generator option: 651 or 652.

N7625A is the LTE-TDD signal measurement PC platform software. For LTE-FDD signal measurement, N7624B can be used.2.

Product type Required option

ESG Vector Signal

Generator

E4438C firmware revision C.04.98 or later•

Frequency range option: 503 or 506•

Baseband generator option: 601 or 602•

P-Series Power Meter N1911A or N1912A firmware revision A.05.03 •

or later

P-Series Wideband Power

Sensor

N1921A or N1922A•

Signal Studio software N7625A version 1.1.2.0 or later (for LTE-TDD)•

N7624B version 7.5.0.1• or later (for LTE-FDD)

Agilent IO Libraries Suite IO Libraries Suite version 15.1 or later•

Controller PC for Signal

Studio

Install N7625A Signal Studio software for •

LTE-TDD or N7624B for LTE-FDD.

Refer to the online documentation for •

installation and setup.

Connecting the PC, ESG, and P-Series instructions

Connect the PC to the E4438C ESG signal generator via a LAN cable.1.

Launch the Agilent Connection Expert application (Agilent IO Libraries 2.

Suite) and verify the connection of the ESG signal generator.

Connect the P-Series power meter and sensor as shown in Figure 5.3.

Connect a BNC cable from the ESG signal generator’s rear-panel Event 1 to 4.

the rear panel Trig In of the P-Series power meter.

LAN on ESG

back panel

ESG signal

generator

Event 1

BNC CableTrig In

P-Series

Power Meter

P-Series

Power Sensor

Figure 5. P-Series power meter and ESG signal generator setup diagram

8

Establishing a communication link between EGS Signal Generator, Agilent IO Libraries Suite, and N7624B/N7625A Signal Studio software

Keystrokes surrounded by [ ]

represent front-panel keys of the

instruments, while keystrokes

surrounded by { } represent softkeys

of the instrument and software.

Instructions Keystrokes

On the ESG :

1. Set the instrument to its default

settings.

Press [Preset].

2. Check the IP address. Press [Utility] {GPIB/RS-232/LAN}

{LAN Setup}

If connecting to network, press • {LAN Confi g} {DHCP} {Proceed

With Reconfi guration} {Confi rm

Change (Instrument Will Reboot)}

If direct connection from PC to ESG, • press {LAN Confi g} {Manual}, enter

the appropriate IP Address, Subnet

Mask and Default Gateway. Press

{Proceed With Reconfi guration}

{Confi rm Change (Instrument Will

Reboot)}.

On Agilent IO Libraries Suit Software :

3. Start the Agilent IO Libraries

Suite.

Start > All Programs > Agilent IO

Libraries Suit > Agilent Connection

Expert.

4. Establish the LAN connection of

PC to ESG.

Right-click on LAN (TCPIO) and select

Add Instrument. Click on Auto Find.

Select the ESG LAN connection and

click OK.

On N7624B/N7625A Signal Studio software :

5. Start the Signal Studio for

LTE-TDD or LTE-FDD

Start > All Program > Agilent Signal

Studio > 3GPP LTE TDD > 3GPP LTE

TDD or 3GPP LTE FDD.

6. Confi gure the ESG as hardware

connected via LAN TCP/IP.

From the {System} pull-down menu at

the top of the Signal Studio program

window, select {Change Hardware

Connections}, {Next}, select {LAN} and

enter the hostname or IP address of the

ESG in the address is. Click {Test I/O

Connection} {Next}.

7. The software should return a

“success” connection status.

If connection is successful, click • {Finish}.

If connection is not successful, • verify the instrument connection

and the IP address or TCP/IP link.

9

Downloading LTE-TDD mode profi le into ESG Signal Generator

Most parameters are in their default

settings when Signal Studio is

launched. Values in bold indicate

modifi ed parameters.

Generate a downlink sub-frame signal

of LTE-TDD using N7625A Signal

Studio software along with ESG

vector signal generator.

You should see the burst power

measurement as shown in Figure

6. If you do not, make sure you

have downloaded the Signal Studio

waveform to the ESG and that the

ESG’s RF is turned ON [RF on/off].


On N7625A Signal Studio software :

1. Set the basic parameters of the

Signal:

2 GHz frequency•

0 dBm Amplitude•

RF Output turned ON.•

In the view, select Instrument under

Hardware:

Set Frequency to 2 GHz

Set Amplitude = 0 dBm

RF Output = On

2. Set the LTE signal for

10 MHz LTE profi le and 16 QAM

modulation format.

In the tree view, select Carrier 1 under

Waveform Setup:

Under Channel Confi guration, from drop

down list, select Full fi lled 16QAM 10

MHz (50 RB).

3. Turn on downlink signal. In the tree view, select Downlink under

Carrier 1 Waveform Setup:

Under Cell Parameters, set State to On.

4. Turn off uplink signal. In the tree view, select Uplink under

Carrier 1 Waveform Setup:

Under Cell Parameters, set State to Off.

5. Download the signal to the ESG. Press Generate and Download button

on the top tool bar; if you encounter

any errors, please refer to the online help

of Signal Studio software.

Profi le setting

Part 1: LTE-TDD Sub-Frame Burst Power Measurement

Figure 6. Sub-frame duration 1.2 ms of downlink signal captured with N7625B Signal Studio software

10 ms frame duration

10


On the P-Series power meter :

1. Select the LTE preset. Press [Preset], press [ ] or [ ] to choose

{LTE}, [Select] and {Confi rm}.

2. Set the frequency. Press [Channel], press [ ] or [ ] to

choose {Frequency} and change {Frequency}

= 2 GHz.

3. Set the video averaging to

smooth the displayed trace.Press [Channel], press [ ], [ ], [ ] or

[ ] to choose {Video Avg} = 8.

4. Set the trigger source to

external allow power meter

can be triggered via the Ext

Trig input by ESG’s Event 1.

Press [Trig/Acq], {Settings}, {Source}, {Ext}.

5. Expand the window.

Change the scale of trace

measurement.

Press [ ], {Trace Control} to Trace Control

menu. Press [ ], [ ], [ ] or [ ] to

choose and set the X & Y settings:

{X Start = -500 us}

{X Scale = 1.1 ms}

{Y Scale = 20 dBm}

{Y Scale = 10 dB}

Measuring Downlink Sub-Frame Burst Power of LTE-TDD

Set up the P-Series power meter/

sensor to measure the downlink sub-

frame signal of LTE-TDD.

6. Move the markers 1 & 2 to

capture 10 ms gated burst

power measurement.

(See Figure 7)

Press {Gate Control} return to Gate

Control menu.

Press {Marker 1 2}. Press [ ] and

[ ] to allocate the marker 1 and

marker 2.

7. Move the markers 1 & 2 to capture 1.2 ms downlink burst

sub-frame signal.

(See Figure 8)

Press {Marker 1 2}. Press [ ] and

[ ] to allocate the marker 1 and

marker 2.

11

Figure 7. LTE waveform duration at 10 ms in TDD mode. In the P-Series power meter,

green lines (Marker 1 and Marker 2) indicate the start and end burst waveform of the

signal.

Figure 8. Downlink average burst power signal measures -1.40 dBm at 1.2 ms sub-frame

duration. In the P-Series power meter, green lines (Marker 1 and Marker 2) indicate the

start and end burst sub-frame signal of the downlink.

Measuring Downlink Sub-Frame Burst Power of LTE-TDD (continued)

12

Instructions Software Requirements

On the Signal Studio signal :

1. Turn off downlink signal.

In the tree view, select Downlink under

Carrier 1 Waveform Setup.

Under Cell Parameters, set State to Off.

2. Turn on uplink signal. In the tree view, select Uplink under

Carrier 1 Waveform Setup.

Under Cell Parameters, set State to On.



any errors; please refer to the online

help for Signal Studio software.

Figure 9. Sub-frame duration 3 ms of uplink signal captured with Signal Studio



1. Move the markers 1 & 2 to

capture 3 ms uplink burst

sub-frame signal.

(See Figure 10).

From Gate Control menu, press

{Marker 1 2}.

Press [ ] and [ ] to allocate the

marker 1 and marker 2.

Figure 10. Uplink average burst power signal measures 0 dBm at 3 ms sub-frame

duration. In the P-Series power meter, green lines (Marker 1 and Marker 2) indicate the

start and end burst sub-frame signals of uplink.

Measuring Uplink Sub-Frame Burst Power of LTE-TDD

Generate an uplink sub-frame

signal using N7625A Signal Studio

software along with ESG vector signal

generator.


sensor to measure the uplink sub-

frame signal of LTE-TDD.

10 ms frame duration

3 ms uplink sub-frame

13

CCDF is generally measured with data that is as random as possible to match

the Gaussian curve. The CCDF waveform provides statistics for the input signal,

analyzed over 1 seconds asynchronously to any features of the signal. 100 MHz

samples are histogrammed in real time so we can have the statistics on 100

million samples.

The P-Series power meter provides waveform CCDF measurement in graphical

and table formats (See Figure 12 and Figure 13). In Figure 11, the Signal Studio

under waveform setup shows that the CCDF plot and the table to the left of

the CCDF plot display the calculated peak-to-average values. The blue line

represents the Gaussian noise and the yellow line represents the input signal.

Prior to measurement, a reference trace is set and compared with the Gaussian

noise trace.

Figure 11. Waveform CCDF calculates the CCDF and peak-to-average ratio using the entire LTE-TDD waveform (with downlink signal off

and uplink signal on)

Part 2 : LTE-TDD CCDF Power Statistical Measurement

14



1. Set the acquisition to

“Free Run”.

Press [Trig/Acq], {Acqn A}, {Free Run}.

2. Set the CCDF in trace format. Press [Disp], {Disp Type}, {1 of 2}, {CCDF

Trace}.

3. Set the trace scale to 20 dB. Press {Trace Control}, {Scale/Div 2dB}.

4. Set the Gaussian noise trace. Press {Trace Display}, {Gaussian}. Press

[Prev/Esc] return to Trace Ctrl menu.

5. Set marker 1 to 10% and marker

2 to 1% of time. (See Figure 12).

Press {Marker Control}, press {Marker

1 2}.

Press [ ] and [ ] to allocate the

marker 1 and marker 2.

6. Set the CCDF in table format

and expand the display.

(See Figure 13).

[Disp], {Disp Type}. {1 of 2}, {CCDF

Table}, [ ].

Figure 12. CCDF graphical format. The yellow line is the input signal. The blue reference

line is the band-limited Gaussian noise curve. Marker 1 and Marker 2 indicate 10% and

1% of time at a specified power measurement.

Figure 13. CCDF table format


sensor to measure the LTE-TDD

statistical CCDF (downlink signal off

and uplink signal on only).

15

Downloading LTE-FDD mode profi le into ESG Signal Generator

Generate a downlink LTE signal using

3GPP LTE-FDD Signal Studio along

with the Agilent ESG vector signal

generator.


On N7624B Signal Studio software :

1. Set the basic parameters of the

Signal:

2 GHz frequency•

0 dBm Amplitude•

RF Output turned ON.•

In the view, select Instrument under

Hardware:

Set Frequency to 2 GHz

Set Amplitude = 0 dBm

RF Output = On



any errors, please refer to the online help

of Signal Studio software.

Profi le setting



1. Preset the power meter. Press [Preset], press [ ] or [ ] to

choose {Default}, [Select] and {Confi rm}.

2. Set the frequency. Press [Channel], press [ ] or [ ] to

choose {Frequency} and change {Frequency}

= 2 GHz. (See Figure 14 for measurement

result).

Measuring Average Burst Power of LTE FDD


sensor to measure average burst

power of LTE-FDD.

Figure 14. Average burst power of LTE-FDD measurement at 0 dBm

Part 3 : LTE-FDD Average Burst Power Measurement

Note: To establish a communication link between ESG signal generator, Agilent IO libraries Suite and N7624B Signal

Studio software for LTE-FDD, please refer to page 8 for detailed procedures.

16

CONCLUSIONAccurately measuring the sub-frame burst power of LTE-TDD and average burst power of LTE-FDD are very important

for LTE conformance testing. The P-Series power meter/sensor are capable to measure downlink/uplink sub-frame

signal of LTE-TDD and average burst power of LTE-FDD accurately. This document outlines the following key features

of the P-Series power meter/sensor for LTE power measurement conformance testing:

One-button LTE predefined preset to simplify the measurement setup effectively•

Auto-trigger with hold off•

30 MHZ video bandwidth capable to capture 20 MHz video bandwidth of LTE signal•

100 Msa/s•

Measurement speed match burst rate: useful for high speed dynamic transmitter power calibration•

Power statistical CCDF graphical and tabular format•

Ordering Information For further information, refer to P-Series Power Meters and Power Sensors Configuration Guide, Literature No : 5989-1252EN

Product Type Model NumberP-Series power meter N1911A or N1912A

P-Series wideband power sensor N9121A or N1922A

Publication title Pub number

P-Series Power Meters and P-Series Wideband Power Sensors

Technical Overview5989-1049EN

P-Series Power Meters and Power Sensors Configuration Guide 5989-1252EN

N1911A/N1912A P-Series Power Meters and N1921A/N1922A

Wideband Power Sensors Data Sheet5989-2471EN

Publication title Pub number

Agilent 3GPP Long Term Evolution Application Note 5989-8139EN

Agilent Technologies Solutions for 3GPP LTE Technical Overview 5989-6331EN

Agilent Move Forward to What’s Possible in LTE 5989-7871EN

Related Web ResourcesFor the latest and most complete applications and information, please refer to the following URL:

www.agilent.com/find/wideband_powermeters

www.agilent.com/find/lte

Reference

Related Agilent Literature

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P-Series Power Meter/Sensor LTE Measurement - TestEquity

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Transcript of P-Series Power Meter/Sensor LTE Measurement - TestEquity