Overview-and-introduction-Dina-Bacovsky.pdf - IEA Bioenergy

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The Role of Renewable Fuels in Decarbonizing Road Transport

Study overview and introduction

Dina Bacovsky, BEST

IEA Bioenergy Webinar, 17/11/2020

www.ieabioenergy.com2

Renewable fuels,

in addition to all forms of electric vehicles,

can make an important contribution in

decarbonizing the road transport sector,

especially in the short and medium term

and for all modes of transport.

2

IEA Bioenergy members AMF membersMembers to both TCPs

Countries covered in the report:Finland, Sweden, Germany,

USA, Brazil,China, Japan


Reports available at

www.iea-amf.org and www.ieabioenergy.com

http://www.iea-amf.org/

http://www.ieabioenergy.com/

Key Strategies in Selected Countries

• EU: RED-II: 14% RE in transport in 2030

• Finland: 30% biofuels in road transport by 2030

• Sweden: reduce GHG emissions from transport by 70% by 2030 (relative to 2010)

• Germany: 95 MtCO2 from transport by 2030 (~42% of 1990 transport GHG emissions)

• USA: RFS: 36 billion gallons (136 billion liters) RE by 2022

• LCFS (California): reduce average carbon intensity of transport fuels by 20% by 2030 (relative to 2011)

• Brazil: RenovaBio: reduce average carbon intensity of transport fuels by 10% by 2030 (relative to 2017)

• China: FYP: peak national GHG emissions by 2030 or earlier

• Japan: reduce GHG emissons from transport to 163 MtCO2 by 2030 (from 225 MtCO2 in 2013)


• Overview of regulated fuel qualities

• Technology pathways and status

• Availability and costs of sustainable bioenergy feedstocks for biofuels production

• GHG emissions of emerging biofuels pathways

• Current biofuel production volumes

• Policies to increase biofuels production

• The likely costs of emerging biofuels production and the scope for cost reduction

• Compatibility of fuels with existing engines

Production Technologies and Costs


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sugar

Starch

Transesterification

Hydrotreatment

Crops, sludges, manures etc.AD biogas

upgrading

Raw material Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Gasification +

fermentation

Gasification +

catalytic synthesis

Pyrolysis +

upgrading

HTL + upgrading

Lignin from lignocellulosic

ethanol or forestry liquors

HTL and/or

chem. treatment

+ upgrading

Chem. conversion

Non-LC biomass fractions or

by-productsVarious

Supply of fossil waste or by-

product gasesTechnology Fuel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Fermentation

Wastes, waste plastics, non-

bio fraction of RDF

Gasification +

catalytic synthesis

or fermentation

Waste plastic fractionPyrolysis +

distillation

Supply of H2 Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Electrolysis

Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

Raw material Technology Fuel

Em

erg

ing

Bio

fuels

Various

Fermentation

Drop-in hydrocarbons

Various alcohols


Enzymatic

hydrolysis +

fermentation

Fuel

Biomethane

Fermentation Ethanol

Vegetable oils & lipid waste

FAME/Biodiesel


Esta

bli

sh

ed

bio

fuels

Lignocellulosic feedstocks

Ethanol

Other alcohols

Lignocellulosics , biogenic

fraction of RDF etc., non-

lignocellulosic biomass or

by-products


Steel industry & chemical

industry off-gases

Ethanol

Catalytic

synthesis

Methanol

Ethanol

Drop-in hydrocarbons,

Alcohols, Biomethane




by-products



RE electricityE-f

uels

Recycle

Carb

on

Fu

els

Fuel

Electrolysis and

carbon capture

+

catalytic synthesis

Methanol

Methane


Hydrogen

Methane




Sugars from sugar and

starch crops or

lignocellulosic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Sugar

Starch

Transesterification

Hydrotreatment

Crops, sludges, manures etc.AD biogas

upgrading

Raw material Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Gasification +

fermentation

Gasification +

catalytic synthesis

Pyrolysis +

upgrading

HTL + upgrading

Lignin from lignocellulosic

ethanol or forestry liquors

HTL and/or

chem. treatment

+ upgrading

Chem. conversion

Non-LC biomass fractions or

by-productsVarious

Supply of fossil waste or by-

product gasesTechnology Fuel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Fermentation

Wastes, waste plastics, non-

bio fraction of RDF

Gasification +

catalytic synthesis

or fermentation

Waste plastic fractionPyrolysis +

distillation

Supply of H2 Technology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Electrolysis

Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

Raw material Technology Fuel

Em

erg

ing

Bio

fuels

Various

Fermentation


Various alcohols


Enzymatic

hydrolysis +

fermentation

Fuel

Biomethane

Fermentation Ethanol

Vegetable oils & lipid waste

FAME/Biodiesel


Esta

bli

sh

ed

bio

fuels

Lignocellulosic feedstocks

Ethanol

Other alcohols




by-products


Steel industry & chemical

industry off-gases

Ethanol

Catalytic

synthesis

Methanol

Ethanol






by-products



RE electricityE-f

uels

Recycle

Carb

on

Fu

els

Fuel

Electrolysis and

carbon capture

+

catalytic synthesis

Methanol

Methane


Hydrogen

Methane




Sugars from sugar and

starch crops or

lignocellulosic


Fuel Application in road transport

Ethanol1 Gasoline blends (E5, E10, E85 in FFVs), stoichiometry and materials issues constitute blending walls in conventional vehicles

Additive treated ED 95 for diesel-type engines (commercial), potentially also engines with assisted ignition (spark-plug, glow-plug, dual-fuel)

Methanol Low-level blends with gasoline

Heavy-duty engines as in the case of ethanol (additive treated fuel, engines with assisted ignition)

Various higher alcohols E.g. butanol in gasoline blends

Ethers E.g. MTBE (from methanol) and ETBE (from ethanol) in gasoline blends, preferred by the auto manufacturers over ethanol or methanol as such; blending wall stems from stoichiometry

FAME/Biodiesel Diesel blends (B7, B10, B20, B30), neat B100

Neat B100 typically requires some vehicle modifications

Drop-in hydrocarbons Gasoline-type components with limited octane for blending components

Paraffinic HVO and Fischer-Tropsch diesel, drop-in, up to 100% substitution

Methane Passenger cars (mostly bi-fuel methane/gasoline vehicles)

Heavy duty vehicles with either mono-fuel or dual-fuel technology

On-board storage either as compressed biogas (CBG) for LD

vehicles or liquefied biogas (LBG) for HD vehicles

Application in shipping

Biofuels Various types of bioliquids, including some “biocrudes” less stringent fuel requirements than in the on-road sector

Methane Mainly dual-fuel engines, fuel storage in liquid form, currently fossil natural gas, bio-methane could replace natural gas

Application in aviation

Liquid renewable fuels Current regulation allows up to 50 % renewable components, very stringent certification process, hydrotreatment (HEFA fuels), synthesis and e-fuels potential routes to aviation fuels

1 Brazil: special case for ethanol, regular gasoline contains 27 % ethanol (E27), also hydrous ethanol (E100) on the market, special flex-fuel vehicles combining gasoline with any amount of ethanol available, some ICEs adopted for methane use


- 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High

Cellulosicethanol

Cellulosic ethanol “1 1/2

Gen”

Methanol andmethane-biomass

Methanol andmethane-wastes

FT Liquids –Biomass

FT Liquids –Wastes

Bio-oil -coprocessing

Bio-oil -standalone

HVO AD

Production cost EUR/GJ

Feedstock Costs

Operating Costs

Capital

Total

www.ieabioenergy.com10 10

Juhani Laurikko, VTT Adam Brown, Energy Insights

www.ieabioenergy.com

Thank you to the team of authors!

Dina Bacovsky

[email protected]

www.iea-amf.org

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.iea-amf.org/

Overview-and-introduction-Dina-Bacovsky.pdf - IEA Bioenergy

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