"От художественного акционизма к перформативной...

ǼȠ ȣȡȒȜȔȓȟȠȐȓțțȜȑȜ ȎȘȤȖȜțȖȕȚȎ Ș ȝȓȞȢȜȞȚȎȠȖȐțȜȗ ȝȜșȖȠȖȘȓ

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ǶȚ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȈ Ȓ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ: ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ

ǨȓȤȔȐȘȈ ǻșȔȈȕȖȊȈ Ƕ (ȕȍ)ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ

ȍȏȐș Ȗ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ cȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȖȏȊțȟȈȚȤ, ȗȖȎȈȓțȑ, ȒȈȒ șȓȐȠȒȖȔ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣ-ȊȈȕȐȍ, țȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ, ȕȈșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȣȔ șȚȈȓ ȥȚȖȚ ȝțȌȖȎȍ-

șȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ «ȚȘȍȕȌ» Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȌȍșȧȚȐȓȍȚȐȧ. ǷȖȥȚȖȔț Ȍȓȧ ȕȈȟȈȓȈ șȚȖȐȓȖ ȉȣ șȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȘȖșȚȣȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȚ ȕȈȔ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȌȈȕȕȖȍ țȚȊȍȘȎȌȍȕȐȍ. (ǵȍ)ȊȖȏ-ȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ? (ǵȍ)ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ? (ǵȍ)ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈȝ? (ǵȍ)ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ș ȟȤȍȑ ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ? ǺȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȓȐ «ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ» ȖȚșțȚșȚ-ȊȐȦ, ȕȖșȐȚ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȓȐ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȚȐ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ Ȗȉ ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȐ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, Ȗ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȖșȚȐ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ/ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȧ țșȓȖȊȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȍȋȖ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ?

ǪȣȌȊȐȋȈȧ ȚȍȏȐș Ȗ «(ȕȍ)ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ» ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ, ȧ ȝȖȚȍȓȈ ȉȣ ȕȈȟȈȚȤ ș ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘȈ ȌȐșȒțȘșȐȊȕȣȝ ȗȖ-ȘȧȌȒȖȊ, șȖȟȓȍȕȧȦȡȐȝ «șȓȖȊȈ» Ȑ «ȊȍȡȐ» Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-ȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȕșȚȍȓȓȧȞȐȧȝ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ șȊȖȑșȚȊȖ ȐȏȔȍȕȧȚȤșȧ Ȋ ȚȍșȕȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ș ȚȘȈȕșȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȍȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒ. ǷȘȐȔȍȕȐ-ȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȓ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȍȔȖȑ ȕȈȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȍ ȥȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-ȔȖșȚȤ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ ȚȖȚ ȜȈȒȚ, ȟȚȖ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ șȓȖȊ, ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȚȍȒ-șȚȣ Ȑȝ țȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ, ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐ ȐȏȔȍȕȟȐȊȣ, Ȑ, șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ,

Ǻ

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ȒȈȎȌȣȑ ȘȈȏ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ „Public Art“, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐ-ȔȈ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ Ȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚțȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȧș-ȕȐȚȤ, Ȗ ȟȍȔ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȐȌȍȚ ȘȍȟȤ.

ǹ ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, Public Art, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȘȍȚȍȕȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȕȈ șȚȈȚțș „traveling concept“, ȍșȓȐ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȍȋȖ ȚȘȈȕșȕȈȞȐȖ-ȕȈȓȤȕțȦ ȘȈșȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕȍȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȈȔȐ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȕțȦ ȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȖȓȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ. ǹ ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȖȟȍȕȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȚȘȈȍȒȚȖȘȐȐ ȍȋȖ «ȗȍȘȍȔȍȡȍȕȐȧ» ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȋȍȖȋȘȈȜȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȣ ȘȈȔȒȈȔȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤ-ȚțȘȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ Ȑ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ șȖȞȐȍȚȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ țșȚȘȖȑ-șȚȊȈ. ǵȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȒȈȒ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȞȐȧ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ (ȐȓȐ ȕȍșȖȋȓȈșȐȧ), ȖȉȓȍȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț, ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȓȍ-ȋȐȚȐȔȕȣȝ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȈȒȖȔȣș-ȓȐȧ (Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ șȊȖȉȖȌț șȓȖȊȈ). ǭșȓȐ Ȏȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțș-șȚȊȖ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ șȗȖșȖȉ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȗȘȍ-ȌȍȓȈȔȐ Ȕțȏȍȧ, ȉȍȏ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȕȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ, ȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ Ȑ Ȋ ȈȊȚȖȘȐȚȈȘȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ, ȝȖȚȧ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȒȈȘȌȐ-ȕȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȖȔȍȕȧȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ Ȑȕȣȝ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤ-șȚȊȈȝ.

ǬȈȓȍȍ, ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȧ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ ȌȍȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȦ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖ-ȕȧȚȐȧ, Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȔ, ȟȚȖ ȖȕȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ «ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ» ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȒȈȒ ȍȌȐȕȖȍ șȔȣșȓȖȊȖȍ ȞȍȓȖȍ, ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȕȐ ȖȌȕȖ Ȑȏ șȓȈȋȈȍȔȣȝ Ȋ șȊȧȏȒȍ Public + Art ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ Ȑ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȐȔȍȚȤ ȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ Ȗȉȡȍ-ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖȋȖ (ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȔȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȕȣȔȐ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈȔȐ) ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ, ȚȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ Ȋ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȌȐȈ, ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȗȘȐȊȍȓȖ, ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, Ȓ ȘȈȏȔȣȊȈȕȐȦ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ ȔȍȎȌț «ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ» Ȑ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȑ ȒȘȍȈȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤȦ, Ȉ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ – Ȓ ȗȍȘȍȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȐȦ țșȚȖȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȖȗȘȍ-ȌȍȓȍȕȐȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȖȋȖ. ǶȗȘȍȌȍȓȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȗȖȌȘȈȏț-ȔȍȊȈȍȔ ȗȖȌ «ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ», ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤ ȗȘȖșȚȖ, ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȋȌȈ ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȗȘȈȒșȐșȍ Ȋ șȊȧȏȒȍ ș ȗțȉȓȐȟ-ȕȖșȚȤȦ.

ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȚȘȈȕșȋȘȈȕȐȟȕȖȔț ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȦ «șȓȖȊ» ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȘȍ-ȗȧȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ «ȚȘțȌȕȖșȚȍȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌȈ». «ǷțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ» ȐȏȕȈ-ȟȈȓȤȕȖ ȉȣȓȈ «ȋȍȕȌȍȘȕȖ» ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ, ȗȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǴȥȘȐ ǽȖțȒșțȖȘȚ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȧȓȖ șȒȘȣȊȈȚȤ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ ȊȓȈșȚȐ, ȒȖȓȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȓȈșȤ, ȗȖ șțȚȐ, ȗȘȍȘȖȋȈȚȐȊȖȑ ȔțȎȟȐȕ, Ȉ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȈȧ – «ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ ȌȖȔȍȕȖȔ» ȎȍȕșȒȖȋȖ șțȡȍ-șȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ [șȔ. ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ: Hawkesworth, 2007]. ǵȍ țȌȐȊȐ-ȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȧȏȣȟȕȖȔ șȓȖȊȖțȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȐ ȓȈȚȐȕȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕ-ȕȖȍ ȗȘȐȓȈȋȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȑ» ȐȔȍȍȚ ȌȖȗȖȓȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȍ, Ȓ șȖȎȈ-


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ȓȍȕȐȦ, ȕȍȋȈȚȐȊȕȣȍ, Ȑ, țȊȣ, ȋȍȕȌȍȘȕȖ-șȗȍȞȐȜȐȟȕȣȍ ȒȖȕȕȖȚȈȞȐȐ: «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ» ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ șȐȕȖȕȐȔ «ȕȍȗȘȐȓȐȟȕȖ-ȋȖ», ȚȈȒ ȒȈȒ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȖ Ȓ șȜȍȘȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ» ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȖȚ-ȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈȕȧȚȐȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȑ (ȔțȎșȒȖȑ ȌȖȔȍȕ par excellence) Ȑ ȗȘȖșȚȐȚțȞȐȍȑ («ȐșȒȖȕȕȖ ȎȍȕșȒȈȧ ȗȘȖȜȍșșȐȧ»), Ȉ ȥȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ, ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ, «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ» Ȋ ȘțșșȒȖȧȏȣȟȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȍ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȈșșȖȞȐȐȘțȍȚșȧ ș ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȔȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ Ȑ Ȗȉ-ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȔȐ (ȐȓȐ, ȗȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ, ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȕȣȑ ȗȖșȣȓ)1, ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ, ȒȈȒ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȖȊ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȎȍȕȡȐȕ, ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȡȐȝșȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈȔȐ, ȊșȍȋȌȈ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȘȐșȒ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȕțȚȤșȧ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȔț Ȗȉ-ȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȖșȚȘȈȒȐȏȔț ȏȈ șȈȔȖ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȑȚȐ (coming out) Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕțȦ șȜȍȘț2, ȟȍȔ Ȍȓȧ ȔțȎȟȐȕ, ȟȤȍ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐȏȢȧȊȓȍȕȐȍ șȊȖȍȑ ȊȖȓȐ Ȑ ȎȍȓȈȕȐȧ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ «ȍșȚȍșȚ-ȊȍȕȕȖȍ».

ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȊȈȎȕȍȑȠȐȝ ȜȈȒȚȖȘȖȊ, șȣȋȘȈȊȠȐȝ ȒȓȦȟȍ-ȊțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒ ȒȈȒ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖșȗȘȐȧȚȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȍȋȖ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȈȧ «șȗȍȒȚȈȒțȓȧȘȐ-ȏȈȞȐȧ». «ǪșȧȒȐȑ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚ – ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȕș, ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȕș – șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȤ, ȊșȧȒȐȑ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȤ – ȚȖȊȈȘ»: ȥȚȈ ȔȣșȓȤ ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȖȋȖ ȜȐȓȖșȖȜȈ ǮȈȒȈ ǸȈȕșȤȍȘȈ [ǸȈȕșȤȍȘ, 2007. ǹ. 70] ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȐșȝȖȌ-ȕȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȗȖȟȍȔț șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ. ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ, Ȋ ȟȐșȓȍ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȕȣȝ ȗȘȐ-ȟȐȕ, ȗȖȘȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ șȐȕȌȘȖȔ «ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȧ» ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȝț-ȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ, – Ȑ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȓȖȋȐȒȈ ȚȖȊȈȘȈ (ȒȖȔȔȖȌȐȜȐȞȐȘțȦ-ȡȈȧ Ȑ ȗȖȋȓȖȡȈȦȡȈȧ ȓȦȉțȦ ȜȖȘȔț ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ), Ȑ ȌȍȋȘȈȌȈȞȐȧ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ, Ȑ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȐȍ Ȋșȍȝ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȖȓȍȑ ȗȖȓȦ ȔȍȌȐȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȈ, Ȑ, ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ, țȚȘȈȚȈ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ ȔȖȕȖȗȖȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕțȦ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒț, șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖȔ ȟȍȔț ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȗȖȊșȍȔȍ-șȚȕȣȑ ȘȖșȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȈ ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȗȘȖ-ȚȍșȚȖȊ.

ǹȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȧ ȗȖȗȣȚȈȦșȤ Ȋȣ-ȧȊȐȚȤ Țȍ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȣ Ȑ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȣȕțȎȌȈȦȚ ȕȈș șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ» Ȋ ȒȈȊȣȟȒȐ,

1 ȇ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ șȒȈȏȈȓȈ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȑ ȈȗȈȚȐȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚ-șȒȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȍȕȣ ȚȍȔ, ȟȚȖ ȉȍȏȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȍ Ȓ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ (țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȉȍȏțȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȊȔȍȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ) ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȊȖșȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚșȧ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ «ȕȘȈȊșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȌȖȉȘȖȌȍȚȍȓȤ». 2 ǸȍȈȒȞȐȐ «ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ» ȕȈ ȗȈȕȒ-ȔȖȓȍȉȍȕ "Pussy Riot" Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȊȠȐȍ ȏȈ ȥȚȐȔ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȌȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȒȘȈșȕȖȘȍȟȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȍ-ȔȖȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȚȍȔȣ.

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ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȋȖȘȐȏȖȕȚ ȔȖȐȝ ȘȈȏȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȑ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȗȘȍ-Ȍȍȓȍȕ ș ȗȖȔȖȡȤȦ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȝ ȊȖȗȘȖșȖȊ: ȒȈȒȖȊȣ țșȓȖȊȐȧ, ȊȖȏ-ȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍșȚȈ? ȟȚȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȍȚ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȈȒȞȐȖ-ȕȐȏȔ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȚȐȊȐȏȔȈ? ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȓȐ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ Ȑș-ȒțșșȚȊȖ ȘȍȏȍȘȊțȈȘȖȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȐȌȍȑ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȍȋȖ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȘȈș-șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȈȔȖșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț «ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ»? Ȑ ȍșȓȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ, ȚȖ Ȋ ȒȈȒȐȝ ȜȖȘȔȈȝ Ȑ ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ?

ǷțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ: șȐȔȗȚȖȔȣ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ

ǵȈȟȐȕȈȚȤ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȍ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȒȈȒțȦ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȕțȦ ȕȍ-ȝȊȈȚȒț Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȖ (ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ) ȊȖșȗȖȓȕȧȚȤ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ», șȓȍȌțȍȚ ș ȗȘȖȧșȕȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ «ȗțȉȓȐȟ-ȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ». ǬȍȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȜȍȕȖȔȍȕȈ (ȗȖșȚ)ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ ȏȈ ȘȈȔȒȐ ȌȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȧ1, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȒȘȈȚȒȈȧ ȗȘȍȈȔ-ȉțȓȈ Ȋșȍ Ȏȍ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȈ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȒȈȒȐȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ șȚȘțȒȚțȘ-ȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȟȐȕȣ Ȑ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȊȠȐȍșȧ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȣ ȌȍȋȘȈȌȈȞȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ ȍȍ ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȕȐȔȈȕȐȐ ȗȖȊȓȐȧȓȐ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘ ȚȍȖ-ȘȐȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ».

ǲȖȋȌȈ șȓȖȊȖ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ» ȖȉȘȍȓȖ șȊȖȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ, ȖȕȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ șȜȍȘț șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ, ȘȈșȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȕțȦ Ȋȕȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ șȍȔȤȐ Ȑ ȉȓȐȏȒȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ, ȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȈ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ ȏȕȈȒȖȔȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȘȖȕȕȐȝ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȓȈ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤ-ȕȖ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȐȍ ȓȦȌȍȑ. ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǸȐȟȈȘȌȈ ǹȍȕȕȍȚȈ, ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȓȈ ȖșȖȉțȦ ȜțȕȒȞȐȦ ȖȉȡȍȕȐȧ, ȐȉȖ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ – «ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȍ șȓȖȎȕȣȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȓȐ ȕȍȐȏȉȍȎȕȖ ȊșȚțȗȈȚȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȈȒȚ» [șȔ.: ǹȍȕȕȍȚ, 2003. ǹ. 24–25]. Ǫ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ ȆȘȋȍȕ ǽȈȉȍȘȔȈș ȘȈș-șȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȓ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕțȦ șȜȍȘț ȒȈȒ ȗȖșȘȍȌȕȐȒȈ ȔȍȎȌț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ, ȟȚȖ ȖȕȈ (ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ) ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȈ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȕ-ȞȐȗȍ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ Ȋșȍȝ Ȑ ȓȦȉȣȝ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțțȔȖȊ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȖȉȓȈșȚȍȑ, ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȐȝ ȖȉȡȐȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȍș ȕȍȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖ ȖȚ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ șȚȈ-ȚțșȈ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȌȖșȚȐȎȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțșȈ ȗțȚȍȔ ȒȘȐȚȐ-ȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ [șȔ.: Habermas, 2006]. ǰȚȈȒ, Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟ-ȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ Ȋ ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȧȊȓȧȚȤșȧ ȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ ȔȍȌȐȈȞȐȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ Ȑ ȗȖȐșȒȈ ȖȉȡȍȋȖ ȧȏȣȒȈ Ȍȓȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțșȈ. ǭȍ ȜțȕȒȞȐȧ –

1 ǺȍȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȚ ȈȕȈȓȐȏ ȌȖȓȎȍȕ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȔȖȚȘ ȗȖȕȧ-ȚȐȧ «ȗȘȐȊȈȚȕȖșȚȐ» [șȔ. Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ: ǻșȔȈȕȖȊȈ, 2009].


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șȌȍȓȈȚȤ ȏȘȍȦȡȐȍ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚȣ ȊȐȌȐȔȣȔȐ, ȗȘȍȌțȗȘȍȌȐȚȤ Ȑȝ ȖȉȖșȚȘȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈȑȚȐ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȣȑ Ȍȓȧ ȊȖȊȓȍȟȍȕȕȣȝ Ȋ ȕȍȋȖ șȚȖ-ȘȖȕ ȊȣȝȖȌ [ǻșȔȈȕȖȊȈ, 2005. ǹ. 40].

Ǫ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȑ Ȗ «șȚȘțȒȚțȘȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȕș-ȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ» (Ȇ. ǽȈȉȍȘȔȈș) ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍ-ȓȐ ȖȉȘȈȡȈȦȚ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ ȕȈ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȣ ȍȍ țȋȈșȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ1 (ȗȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚț ș XIX Ȋ., ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ șȟȐȚȈȓșȧ «Ȋȍ-ȒȖȔ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ», ȝȖȚȧ șȈȔȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ» ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȖ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤ-ȕȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ Ȑ ȕȍȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȍȔ ȗȍȟȈȚȕȖȑ ȗȘȍșșȣ Ȋ XVIII Ȋ. [șȔ. ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȗ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț «ȗțȉȓȐȒȖȑ» Ȑ «ȚȖȓȗȖȑ»: Laclau, 2005. P. 18–47]). ǹȚȖȐȚ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ șȒȍȗșȐș ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȐ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍ-Șȣ» șȊȧȏȈȕ ȒȈȒ ș ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȐȍȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ȚȍȖȘȍ-ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ șȚȈȚțșȖȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ, șȖȌȍȘȎȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȍ ȕȈȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȗȘȍȚȈȞȐȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȕȈȗȘȧȔțȦ ȏȈȊȐșȧȚ ȖȚ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȐșȚȖ-ȘȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ.

ǺȈȒ, ȒȘȐȚȐȒȐ ǽȈȉȍȘȔȈșȈ ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȦȚ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ» ȒȈȒ ȘȍȋțȓȧȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȐȌȍȐ ȐȓȐ «ȗȖȓȍȏȕȖȑ ȒȈȚȍ-ȋȖȘȐȐ» șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ, ȗȖȓȈȋȈȦȚ, ȟȚȖ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟ-ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȐȔ ȘȍȒȖȕșȚȘțȒȞȐȧ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈ-ȕȐȧ Ȑ ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ ȖșȚȈȊȐȓȐ ȏȈ ȘȈȔȒȈȔȐ ȈȕȈȓȐȏȈ Țȍȝ, ȒȚȖ ȉȣȓ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ «ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕ» Ȑȏ șȜȍȘȣ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȈȋȈ. C ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȜȍȔȐȕȐșȚșȒȐȝ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒȖȊ, ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍ-ȘȈ ȉȣȓȈ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ șȚȘțȒȚțȘȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ ȒȈȒ ȔțȎșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ, Ȉ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ, ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȖ, Ȑȏ țȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȌȐȈȓȖȋȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȓȕȖșȚȤȦ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȣ2. ǶșȒȈȘ ǵȍȋȚ Ȑ ǨȓȍȒ-șȈȕȌȘ ǲȓȦȋȍ ȖȗȐșȣȊȈȦȚ ȉțȘȎțȈȏȕțȦ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕțȦ șȜȍȘț ȒȈȒ ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȐȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȐȌȍȈȓ, ȐșȒȓȦȟȈȦȡȐȑ ȘȈȉȖȟȐȑ ȒȓȈșș, ȎȍȕȡȐȕ, ȌȍȚȍȑ – Ȋșȍ Țȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ șȗȖșȖȉȕȣ Ȋ

1 ǲȈȒ ȗȐȠȍȚ ǩȘȦș ǸȖȉȉȐȕș, «șȗȐșȖȒ ȘȈȉȖȚ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȖȉȢȧȊȓȧȦȚ Ȗȉ țȗȈȌ-Ȓȍ, ȌȍȋȘȈȌȈȞȐȐ, ȒȘȐȏȐșȍ ȐȓȐ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ, ȖȉȠȐȘȍȕ Ȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȍȚ șȚȘȍȔȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ țȊȍȓȐȟȐȊȈȚȤșȧ. ǷțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ, ȒȈȒ ȕȈȔ ȋȖȊȖ-ȘȧȚ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ Ȑ șȕȖȊȈ, – ȥȚȖ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ ț ȕȈș ȕȍȒȖȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȟȚȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ Ȕȣ țȚȘȈȚȐȓȐ, Ȉ ȚȍȗȍȘȤ ȕȈȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȊȍȘȕțȚȤ» [Rob-bins, 1993. P. viii]. 2 ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȕȖȊȣȔ șȗȖșȖȉȈȔ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ, ȕȈȗȘȖ-ȚȐȊ, ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȌȐș-ȒțșșȐȐ; ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, ȕȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ «ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ», ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȖȑ, ȕȈȗȘȐ-ȔȍȘ, ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȉȓȖȋȈ Ȋ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚȍ, ȟȚȖ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ ǵȥȕșȐ ǼȘȥȎȍȘ Ȗ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ (ȒȖȕȚȘ)ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȜȍȘ Ȋ ȗȖșȚȔȖȌȍȘȕȐșȚșȒȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ.

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ȗȖȓȕȖȑ ȔȍȘȍ țȟȈșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțșȈ [șȔ.: Negt, Kluge, 1993. P. 10].

ǽȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ǽȈȉȍȘȔȈș ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ «Ȋ ȓȖ-ȊțȠȒȍ» șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȐșȒțȘșȈ1, ȒȖȓȤ șȒȖȘȖ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ, ȗȖ șțȚȐ, ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ ȖȚȒȈȏ țȟȐȚȣȊȈȚȤ Șȍ-ȈȓȤȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȍȍ ȕȍȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȖ, Ȉ ȚȈȒȖȍ ȗȖȓȖȎȍȕȐȍ Ȍȍȓ, ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈ-ȊȐȓȖ, ȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖȔȐȕȈȕȚȕȣȝ ȋȘțȗȗ Ȑ ȕȍȊȣȋȖȌȕȖ Ȍȓȧ țȋȕȍȚȍȕ-ȕȣȝ Ȑ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȕȣȝ. ǵȈȓȐȟȐȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ «ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȒȖȕȚȘ-ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȜȍȘ» (subaltern counter publics), șȖȏȌȈȊȈȍȔȣȝ ȘȈȏȓȐȟ-ȕȣȔȐ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȋȘțȗȗȈȔȐ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȋȖ ȕȍȘȈȊȍȕșȚȊȈ (ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ, ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ, ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ țșȚȘȈȕȐȚȤ ȓȐȠȤ ȗțȚȍȔ ȐșȒȓȦȟȍȕȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ Ȑȏ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ), «ȗȖ-șȒȖȓȤȒț ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔȈȘȋȐȕȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȋȘțȗȗȣ (ȎȍȕȡȐȕȣ, ȘȈȉȖȟȐȍ, ȓȦȌȐ ȐȕȖȑ ȘȈșȣ Ȑ șȍȒșțȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȔȍȕȤȠȐȕșȚȊ) ȕȍ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȚȤ șȊȖȐ ȕțȎȌȣ, ȞȍȓȐ Ȑ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȐ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ Ȗȉȡȍȑ, ȊșȍȖȉȢȍȔȓȦȡȍȑ Ȑ ȍȌȐȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ» [ȀȔȐȌȚ, ǺȖȑȉȍȕȍȘ, 2009. ǹ. 122].

ǬȈȓȍȍ, ȗȖȕȧȚȐȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȟȍȓȖȊȍȒȈ» ȚȈȒȎȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ șȍȋȖ-Ȍȕȧ ȌȖșȚȈȚȖȟȕȖ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȔ (ȍșȓȐ Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȑ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȗ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈȝ ȒȈȒ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȍȘșȖȕȈȝ, Ȉ Ȗ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȐȏȔȍȘȍȕȐȐ Ȋ ȎȐȏȕȐ ȒȈȎȌȖȋȖ Ȑȏ ȕȈș): șȍȋȖȌȕȧ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȟȍȓȖ-ȊȍȒ» ȊȣșȚțȗȈȍȚ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, Ȋ ȘȖȓȐ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ, ȕȖ ȕȍ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ țȟȈșȚȕȐ-ȒȈ, ȟȍȔț Ȋ ȕȍȔȈȓȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ șȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȍ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȖȊ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ, ȊșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȍ ȟȍȋȖ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȈȋȖȘȣ ȐȓȐ ȘȣȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȗȍȘȍȠȓȐ Ȓ ȗȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚț Ȑ ȔȈșșȔȍȌȐȈ. ǹȖ-ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ» ȘȈȏȕȖȘȖȌȕȣ, șȍȋȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȌȍȓȍȕȣ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȟȍȔ ȒȖȋȌȈ-ȓȐȉȖ: Ȋ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ ȊșȍȖȉȡȍȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȕȍȚȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ Ȋ ȓțȟȠȍȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȔȣșȓȍȕȈ ȒȈȒ șȖȊȖ-ȒțȗȕȖșȚȤ ȕȍȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȦȡȐȝșȧ (Ȑ ȕȈȘȞȐșșȐȟȍșȒȐȝ) ȔȐȒȘȖȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊ, ȒȈȒȖȊȣȔȐ ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ǮǮ, ȉȓȖȋȐ, șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ. ǪȗȘȖ-ȟȍȔ, Ȋ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ» ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȉȣȓȈ «ȜȈȕȚȖȔȖȔ ȈȉșȚȘȈȒȞȐȐ» (ǹȓȈȊȖȑ ǮȐȎȍȒ). ǭȡȍ Ȋ XIX Ȋ. ǫȈȉȘȐȥȓȤ ǺȈȘȌ ȗȐșȈȓ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȑȏ ȘȈȏȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌȖȊ, ȟȤȧ ȉȓȐ-ȏȖșȚȤ ȌȘțȋ ȌȘțȋț ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șțȋțȉȖ ȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȑ [șȔ.: ǺȈȘȌ, 1999], ȖȌ-ȕȈȒȖ ȕȈȓȐȟȐȍ «ȌțȝȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȈ» ȒȈȒ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȕșȚȐ-ȚțȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ «ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ» ȕȍ ȗȖȌȊȍȘȋȈȓȖșȤ șȖȔȕȍȕȐȦ. ǹȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȏȍ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌȖȊ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȍ ȐȕȚȍȓȓȍȒȚțȈȓȤ-ȕȖȑ ȉȓȐȏȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȒȘțȋ «ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ» ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ

1 ǲȈȒ Ȑ ȊșȧȒȐȑ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒ, ȘȈȉȖȚȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉȣȓȈ șȚȖȓȤ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȖȑ, ȟȚȖ ș ȕȍȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȦȚ șȗȖȘȐȚȤ șȗțșȚȧ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȗȖșȓȍ ȊȣȝȖȌȈ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȐ Ȋ șȊȍȚ.


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ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȖȑ1. ǹȚȖȐȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȌȖȉȈȊȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȌȍȋȘȈȌȈȞȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟ-ȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȘȈșșȍȐȊȈȕȐȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȒ» ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȦȚșȧ Ȋ ȒȖȕȚȍȒ-șȚȍ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȕȍțȟȈșȚȐȧ Ȋ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȍ Ȑ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȒȖȕȜȐȋțȘȈȞȐȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȑ ȔȍȌȐȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȑ, ȗȘȐ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈ-ȚȐȊȕȈȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȈȘȋȐȕȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ Ȑ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ ȕȍȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȑ.

ǼȓȦȐȌȕȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ

ǴȍȎȌț ȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ – ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ, ȌȖșȚțȗȕȖȋȖ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-ȕȖȑ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȐ. ǷȖ ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ǹȈșȒȐȐ ǹȈșșȍȕ, ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣȍ ȘȈȏȋȖ-ȊȖȘȣ Ȗȉ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖȊȍȕȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȊȖ ȔȕȖȋȖȔ șȊȧȏȈ-ȕȣ ș «ȒȖȔȔȍȘȞȐȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ, ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȚȍȔȈȚȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ Ȑ ȗȘȐ-ȊȈȚȐȏȈȞȐȍȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ»: ȌȐȕȈȔȐȒȈ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ șȖȊȘȍ-ȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȊșȍȞȍȓȖ ȗȖȌȟȐȕȍȕȈ «ȕȍȗȘȍȖȌȖȓȐȔȖȑ ȓȖȋȐȒȍ ȗȖ-ȓȍȏȕȖșȚȐ», ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȍȚ ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȟȈșȚȤ ȐȕȊȍșȚȐȞȐȑ Ȋ șȍȋȖȌȕȧȠȕȐȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈȝ [șȔ.: ǹȈșșȍȕ, 2007. ǹ. 82–83]. ǬȎȍȕȚȘȐȜȐȒȈ-ȞȐȧ ȗȘȐȊȖȌȐȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȦ șȖșȍȌșȒȐȝ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊ, Ȋȣ-ȚȍșȕȍȕȐȦ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȐȜȍȘȐȦ Ȑ ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȐȦ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕ ȌȘțȋ ȖȚ ȌȘțȋȈ Ȑ ȖȚ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ, ȕȖ Ȑ Ȓ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȦ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȉȈȘȤȍȘȖȊ, ȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘțȍȔȣȝ ȕȖȊȣȔȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȈȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȝ, ȘȈȕȍȍ șȟȐȚȈȊȠȐȝșȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ. ȅȚȈ ȕȖȊȈȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚ Ȗȗȣ-Țț ȋȖȘȖȌȈ (ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȖșȕȖȊȈȚȍȓȐ șȘȍȌȕȍȊȍȒȖȊȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ-ȒȖȔȔțȕ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȍȉȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȑ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ, șȈȔȈȧ șȍȘȌȞȍȊȐȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȋȖ ȉțȌȍȚ ȖȟȐȡȍȕȈ ȖȚ ȍȋȖ ȎȐȚȍȓȍȑ) Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊ-ȓȍȕȐȦ Ȗ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ.

ǰȕȈȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ, șȍȋȖȌȕȧ «ȗȘȈȊȖȔ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ» ȗȖȊșȍȔȍșȚȕȖ ȖȉȓȈȌȈ-ȦȚ ȗȘȍȎȌȍ ȊșȍȋȖ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒȐ. ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ țșȐȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐ-ȟȍȕȐȑ, ȕȈȌȏȖȘȈ Ȑ ȊȣȚȍșȕȍȕȐȧ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ țȎȍșȚȖȟȈȍȚ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤ ȕȈȌ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȔȐ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȧȔȐ ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȈȝ ȟȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȈ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ȞȍȓȤȦ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȐȘțȍȔȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ. ǲȈȒ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ǫȍȘȈȓȤȌ ǸȈțȕȐȋ, «ȎȍșȚȒȖșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȍȋȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ, Ȉ ȊȔȍșȚȍ ș ȥȚȐȔ Ȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȊȕțȚȘȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ, șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȍȚ

1 ǯȌȍșȤ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ǵȥȕșȐ ǼȘȥȎȍȘ «ȍȌȐȕȈȧ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ» ȗȘȍȌȗȖȟȚȐȚȍȓȤȕȍȍ, ȟȍȔ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȍ ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ Ȑ, șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȈ ȈȓȤȚȍȘȕȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȐȓȐ ȒȖȕȚȘȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ șȜȍȘ – ȜȘȈȋȔȍȕȚȈȞȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒ Ȑ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȏȕȈ-ȕȐȧ ȖȉȡȕȖșȚȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ ȌȍȓȈȍȚ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ [șȔ.: Fraser, 1995].

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ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȦ ȧșȕȖ ȖȚȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȐȚȍȓȤșȒȐȝ ȋȘțȗȗȐȘȖȊȖȒ, ȗȖȓȤȏțȦȡȐȝșȧ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȔȍșȚȈȔȐ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ șȈȔȖȘȍȗȘȍȏȍȕ-ȚȈȞȐȐ, ȟȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȍȚ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ Ȑ ȕȖȊȣȍ ȊȣȌȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȏȈ ȕȐȝ» [ǸȈțȕȐȋ, 2012. ǹ. 235].

ǰ ȍșȓȐ Ȋ șȚȘȈȕȈȝ ș ȘȣȕȖȟȕȖȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȖȑ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȍȘȍȝȖȌ Ȗșțȡȍ-șȚȊȓȧȓșȧ ȗȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕȖ (Ȑ, ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ – Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ șȓȖ-ȎȐȊȠȐȝșȧ șȚȘțȒȚțȘ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȉțȌȤ ȚȖ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȌȖȔȈ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȋȈȏȐȕȣ), ȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȐȝ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ ȥȚȖȚ ȗȘȖȞȍșș ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȓ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊȕȍȍ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȚȘȈȊȔȈ-ȚȐȟȕȖ. ǶȟȕțȊȠȐșȤ ȗȖșȓȍ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȍȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȗȈșșȐȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȘȍȉȣȊȈ-ȕȐȧ Ȋ ȖȚȕȖșȐȚȍȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțșȍ ș ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȍȑ (ȕȈ ȜȖȕȍ țșȚȈȓȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȗȘȐȕțȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȏȌȕȐȟȕȣȝ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȑ ȗȖȏȌȕȍșȖȊȍȚșȒȖȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ), ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȋȖȘȖȎȈȕȍ ȊȌȘțȋ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓȐ, ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȍșȚȤ ȒțȌȈ ȗȖȑȚȐ – ȊȍȌȤ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȕȖȋȖȟȐșȓȍȕȕȣ Ȑ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏȕȣ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȣȑȚȐ (coming out) ȐȔ ȗȖ șțȚȐ ȕȍȒțȌȈ, ȐȉȖ Ȋșȍ ȌȈȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȌȈȕȖ Ȑ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ. «ǨȋȖȘȈ» Ȋ ȕȈȠȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȗȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȐȦ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȈ – ȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȉȖȓȤȠȐȕșȚȊȈ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȖȊ ȖȒȒțȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ ȒȈȜȍ Ȑ ȚȖȘȋȖ-ȊȣȔȐ ȞȍȕȚȘȈȔȐ Ȑ ȖȉȖȘțȌȖȊȈȕȣ ȊȐȌȍȖȒȈȔȍȘȈȔȐ. ǰ ȍșȓȐ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕȈȔ ȗȘȐȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȘȖșȐȚȤ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȐȧ ț ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ ȕȈ ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȈ ȐȓȐ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȞȐȐ, ȚȖ Ȋ ȉȓȐȎȈȑȠȍȔ ȉț-ȌțȡȍȔ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȚȈȒȎȍ Ȑ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘ Ȗȉ ȈȘȍȕȌȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȏȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȓȈȚț Ȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔ țșȚ-ȘȈȐȊȈȚȤ ȚȈȔ ȔȐȚȐȕȋȐ Ȑ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȞȐȐ, Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈ-ȞȐȐ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ ȎȍșȚ, ȍșȓȐ, ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖ, ȕȈ ȥȚȖ șȖȋȓȈșȐȚșȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȐȒ Ȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȚ ȊȖȏȘȈȎȈȚȤ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȐȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ1. ǫȖȘȤȒȈȧ ȐȘȖȕȐȧ șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ șȈȔȖ șȓȖȊȖ «ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤ» șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȧ ȘȈȏȔȍȘȈ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȈ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ, Ȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȒȈȒ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȡȍȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ.

1 ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȐȕȖȋȌȈ ȥȚȖ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ Ȑ ȗȘȍȐȔțȡȍșȚȊȖȔ: ȚȈȔ, ȋȌȍ «ȈȒȞȐȧ» ȉȍȏ șȗȘȖșȈ ȟȘȍȊȈȚȈ ȗȖșȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧȔȐ, Ȉ ȌȖȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤșȧ ș ȊȓȈșȚȧȔȐ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȈ-ȚȐȟȕȖ, ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔț ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȍȠȐȚȤ ȏȈ ȌȍȕȤȋȐ: ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, Ȋ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȋȖȌȈ ȖȌȕȖȌȕȍȊȕȈȧ ȈȘȚ-ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȧ Finissage (ȒțȘȈȚȖȘȣ – ǨȓȤȔȐȘȈ ǻș-ȔȈȕȖȊȈ Ȑ ǸțșȓȈȕ ǪȈȠȒȍȊȐȟ), ȗȘȖȝȖȌȐȊȠȈȧ ȕȈ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ (ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȎȍșȚȒȖ ȒȖȌȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ǴȐȕșȒȈ – ȗȖșȓȍ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ 2006 ȋ.), șȚȈȓȈ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖȑ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ ȈȘȚ-ȉȈȏȈȘ «ǪȍȘȕȐșȈȎ», ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȘȈșȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȑ Ȏȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ, ȗȖȌȟȐȕȧȍȚșȧ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ǲȖȔȈȘȖȊșȒȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ: șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȗȓȈȚȈ ȏȈ ȈȘȍȕȌț ȉȖȒșȈ ȕȈ ȊȍșȤ ȌȍȕȤ ȜȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȚȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈ ȗȖȒțȗȒȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ ȕȈ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȍ» [șȔ. ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ Ȗ ȒȖȕȞȍȗȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈ ȕȈ șȈȑȚȍ: Art Aktivist // http://artaktivist.org/afisha/events/finissage/].


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ǵȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȊȖȏȕȐȒȕȖ-ȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ Ȗșț-ȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȋȓȈȊȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȒȈȒ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȔȣșȓ ȒȈȒ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȍ ȗȘȈȊȈ (ȏȈ «ȗȘȈȊȖȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȍ» ȋȖȘȖȌȖȔ). ǵȖ ȒȈȒ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȈȒȖȍ ȉȣ ȚȖ ȕȐ ȉȣȓȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȍ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț «ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȐ șȕȐȏț» Ȋ ȖȗȐșȈȕȕȖȑ ȊȣȠȍ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ?

ǵȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț, ȟȚȖ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ «ȗȘȐȉȣȓȐ» ȍșȚȤ șȖșȚȈȊȕȈȧ ȟȈșȚȤ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ, Ȑ vice versa, ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕțȦ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚ-ȊȍȕȕțȦ ȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ, Ȑ ȟȍȔ ȊȣȠȍ ȥȚȈ ȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ, ȚȍȔ ȐȕȚȍȕșȐȊ-ȕȍȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȎȐȏȕȤ. ǰȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȥȚȖȔț țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ «ȖȒȒțȗȈ-ȞȐȦ» ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ (ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȐ) Ȑ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȧ «ȗȘȈ-ȊȈ ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ» ȧȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȕȍȖȚȢȍȔȓȍȔȖȑ șȖșȚȈȊȓȧȦȡȍȑ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ (ȔȈș-șȖȊȖȋȖ, țȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ) ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ, Ȉ Ȋ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ, ȒȖȋȌȈ Ȋșȍ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ țȎȍ ȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȕȣȔ ȓȐȉȖ ȉȐȏȕȍșȖȔ, ȓȐȉȖ ȋȖ-șțȌȈȘșȚȊȖȔ, ȗȍȘȍȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȐȍ (ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ) Ȑ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȌȐȘȖȊȒȈ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ «ȘȍȥȒșȗȘȖȗȘȐȈ-ȞȐȐ» ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ. ǶȌȕȈȎȌȣ ȏȈȝȊȈȟȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ țȎȍ ȕȐȒȖȋȌȈ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍȎ-ȕȐȔ (ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ǴȐȕșȒȍ ș ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤȦ Ȋ 2006 ȋ. ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ș ǩȖȓȖȚȕȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȤȦ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ Ȋ 2011 ȋ., ȕȖ ȚȖ Ȏȍ șȈȔȖȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ Ȑ Ȗ ȒȐȕȖȚȍȈȚȘȍ «ǳȍȚțȊȈ» Ȋ ǪȐȓȤȕȦșȍ, ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȏȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȗȘȖȌȖȓȎȈȓȈșȤ ȖȒȖȓȖ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ1).

Public Art ȒȈȒ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȜȖȘȔȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ

ǹȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȊȖ ȊȚȖȘȖȑ ȗȖȓȖȊȐȕȍ XX Ȋ. șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈ-ȕȐȍ Ȑ ȜțȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȤȠȍȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȧȓȖșȤ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȔ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌșȚȊȖȔ, ȕȍȎȍȓȐ ȜȖȘ-ȔȈȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈȔȐ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ [Donald, Donald, 2003. P. 126]. ǰ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȖ ȘȖȓȤ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖȋȖ «ȊȖȏȔțȚȐȚȍ-

1 «ǳȈȉȖȘȈȚȖȘȐȧ ǷǸǶ-ȚȍșȚȈ» țȌȍȘȎȐȊȈȓȈ șȊȖȐȔȐ ȈȒȞȐȧȔȐ ȗțȉȓȐȒț ȕȈ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȟȚȐ ȌȊțȝ ȓȍȚ ȕȈ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȍ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȉȣȊȠȐȔ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȔ ȒȐ-ȕȖȚȍȈȚȘȖȔ «ǳȍȚțȊȈ», ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȌȍȊȍȓȖȗȍȘȣ șȖȉȐȘȈȓȐșȤ șȕȍșȚȐ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȘȖ-ȐȚȤ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ ȌȘțȋȖȑ, ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȐ ȊȣȋȖȌȕȣȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚ. ǹȔȣșȓ ȗȘȖ-ȚȍșȚȈ șȖșȚȖȧȓ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȖșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȗȘȐȊȈȚȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊ, ȕȍ ȌȈȚȤ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒ șȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ȔȖȌȍȘȕȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȈȘȝȐ-ȚȍȒȚțȘȣ, ȕȖ Ȍȓȧ șȈȔȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȊȈȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈȏȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ șȚȘȈ-ȚȍȋȐȦ Ȑ ȚȈȒȚȐȒț ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȏȐȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ [ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ șȔ.: Nomeda, Gediminas… 2005; șȔ. ȚȈȒȎȍ: ǴȐȝȍȓȒȧȊȐȟȍȕȍ, 2013].

ȁȟȚȎțȜȐȎ

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ȓȧ» ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȗȘȐȕȧȓȖ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ, Ȉ ȚȖȟ-ȕȍȍ, ȚȈ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȊȐȌȕȖșȚȤ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȗȖȓțȟȐȓȈ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍ Public Art. ǺȊȖȘȟȍșȚȊȖ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ, ȒȈȒ ǲȠȐȠȚȖȜ ǪȖȌȐȟȒȖ, ǽȈȕș ǽȈȈ-Ȓȍ, Guerilla Girls, ǳȖȘȍȕ ǳȐșȖȕ, ǩȈȘȉȈȘȈ ǲȘȦȋȍ, ǬȎțȌȐ ǿȐȒȈȋȖ, ȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ǶȓȍȋȈ ǲțȓȐȒȈ (ǸȖșșȐȧ), ǵȖȔȍȌȣ Ȑ ǫȍȌȐȔȐȕȈșȈ ǻȘȉȖȕȈșȈ (ǳȐȚȊȈ) Ȑ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȌȘțȋȐȝ, ȗȖȏȊȖȓȐȓȖ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȖ ȗȍȘȍȖșȔȣșȓȐȚȤ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȜțȕȒȞȐȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ, ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚ-Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȣ ȈȌȘȍșȈȞȐȐ Ȓ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȍ.

ǲȖȋȌȈ Ȕȣ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȔ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȗ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ, ȚȖ ȔȍȕȤȠȍ ȊșȍȋȖ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ (Șȍ)ȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ, ȝȖȚȧ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ, ȗȖȒȈ ȐșȒțș-șȚȊȖ ȕȍ «ȗȘȖȗȐșȈȓȖșȤ» Ȋ Ȕțȏȍȧȝ Ȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȧȝ, ȖȕȖ ȧȊȓȧȓȖșȤ Ȋ ȖȗȘȍ-ȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔ – ȍșȓȐ ȕȍ ȗȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȈȕȐȦ, ȚȖ ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȗȖ șȗȖșȖȉț ȈȌȘȍșȈȞȐȐ (ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȍșȓȐ șȈȓȖȕ Ȋ XVIII Ȋ. ȉȣȓ ȋȓȈȊ-ȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ, ȚȖ ȒȈȘȚȐȕȣ ǮȈȕȈ-ǳțȐ ǬȈȊȐȌȈ ȐȓȐ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȌȘțȋȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ, ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȍ Ȓ șȈȓȖȕȕȖȑ ȗțȉȓȐȒȍ, ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȟȐȚȈȚȤșȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ). ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȠȐȉȖȟȕȖ ȖȚȖȎȌȍșȚȊȓȧȚȤ Public Art ș ȓȦȉȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȖȑ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȖșȊȖȍȕȐȧ ȊȕȍȔțȏȍȑȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ: ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȊșȧȒȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ, ȗȖȧȊȓȧȦȡȍȍșȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȖ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔ» Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȓȖȊȈ. ȇ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚȖȊ, țȒȘȈȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȌȈȕȐȑ ȉȈȘȍȓȤȍ-ȜȈȔȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȥȓȍȔȍȕȚȖȊ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȝ Ȍȓȧ ȥșȚȍ-ȚȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȣ Ȑ Ȍȓȧ țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȊȈȕȐȧ ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȝ «ȗȖșȓȈȕȐȑ» ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ.

ǲȈȒ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȍȚ ǲȠȐȠȚȖȜ ǪȖȌȐȟȒȖ, ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ ș XVIII Ȋ. ȋȖȘȖȌ ȗȘȍȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȋ ȋȘȈȕȌȐȖȏȕțȦ ȌȖșȚțȗȕțȦ Ȍȓȧ Ȋșȍȝ ȝțȌȖ-ȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ «ȋȈȓȍȘȍȦ», ȗȘȐșȗȖșȖȉȓȍȕȕțȦ ȊȓȐȧȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ «ȒțȘȈ-ȚȖȘȈȔȐ» Ȍȓȧ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȣȝ ȥȒșȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ, ȈȘȝȐȚȍȒȚțȘ-ȕȣȝ ȐȕșȚȈȓȓȧȞȐȑ, ȔȍȌȐȑȕȣȝ ȠȖț, ȗȖȌȏȍȔȕȣȝ Ȑ ȕȈȏȍȔȕȣȝ «ȗȍȘ-ȜȖȘȔȈȕșȖȊ» Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ «ȝȥȗȗȍȕȐȕȋȖȊ» [șȔ.: Wodiczko, 1987. P. 41]. ǶȉȡȍȌȖșȚțȗȕȖșȚȤ ȚȈȒȖȑ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ ȗȖȚȍȕȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ șȖȌȍȘȎȐȚ Ȋ șȍȉȍ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȖȕȐȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ȕȈ ȍȍ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȦ «ȟțȎȈȒȖȊ» – Țȍȝ, ȒȚȖ ȗȖȎȍȓȈȍȚ ȊȖșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤșȧ ȍȍ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈ-ȞȐȐ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȐȌȍȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔȖȋțȚ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȈȚȤ ș ȏȈȔȣșȓȈȔȐ «ȒțȘȈȚȖȘȖȊ», ȕȖ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, Ȋ ȒȖȘ-ȕȍ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȚȤ ȐȔ. ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ, ȖȚȕȖșȧȡȐȍ șȍȉȧ Ȓ Public Art, ȏȈȕȐȔȈȦȚșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȖȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈȔȐ, ȗȍȘȍȒȖȌȐȘțȧ ȋȖȘȖȌ-șȒȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȑ ȗȘȖȊȖȞȐȘțȧ ȗțȉȓȐȒț ȕȈ ȗȍȘȍȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȐȍ ȚȖ-ȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȐȔ ȗȘȍȌȓȈȋȈȍȚșȧ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȍșȚȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȣ ȖȉȐȚȈȕȐȧ. ǷȘȈȊȌȈ, ȏȌȍșȤ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȓȖ ȉȣ ȏȈȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȍșȓȐ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ 1980–1990-ȝ șȟȐȚȈȓȖ șȊȖȍȑ «ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȍȑ»


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ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ, ȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ Ȓ ȕȍȔț ȖȚȕȖșȐȚșȧ Ȑ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚ, ȗȖȥȚȖȔț ȔȍȌȐȈȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ, ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȕȖȍ Ȓ șȍȋȔȍȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȊȐȘȚțȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȔ, ȌȈȎȍ ȕȍ ȉțȌțȟȐ ȊȖ-ȗȓȖȡȍȕȕȣȔ Ȋ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȍ Ȑ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȚȈȒȎȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȖ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔ» ȗȘȐ șȖȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȐ ȖȗȘȍ-Ȍȍȓȍȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȑ.

ǰȚȈȒ, ȟȚȖ Ȕȣ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȔ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ»? ǿȚȖ Ȗȉȍș-ȗȍȟȐȊȈȍȚ ȍȋȖ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ»? ǲȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȉȣȚȤ țȊȍȘȍȕȣ, ȟȚȖ ȗȍȘȍȌ ȕȈȔȐ «ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ», Ȉ ȕȍ ȈȒȚ ȊȈȕȌȈȓȐȏȔȈ, ȕȍ ȒȖȔȔȍȘȟȍșȒȈȧ țȓȖȊȒȈ, ȕȍ ȝțȓȐȋȈȕșȒȈȧ ȊȣȝȖȌȒȈ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȈȧ ȐȕȐȞȐȈȚȐȊȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ-șȒȐȝ ȊȓȈșȚȍȑ? ǫȌȍ ȏȈȒȈȕȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȌȍȒȖȘȈȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚșȧ Ȑș-ȒțșșȚȊȖ? ǲȖȋȌȈ, ȗȘȐ ȒȈȒȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ, ȐȋȘȖȊȣȍ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȧ ș ȗȘȖ-șȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖȔ Ȑ ȊȍȡȈȔȐ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȦȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ Ȋȣ-șȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȧ (ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȌ «ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ» ȗȖȕȐȔȈȚȤ șȜȍȘț ȖȉȡȐȝ ȐȕȚȍȘȍșȖȊ, ȘȈȏȌȍȓȧȍȔȣȝ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȓȐȉȖ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȖȑ)? ǪȍȘȖ-ȧȚȕȖ, ȖȚȊȍȚȐȊ ȕȈ ȥȚȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ, Ȕȣ șȔȖȎȍȔ ȗȖȕȧȚȤ, ȗȖȟȍȔț «ȊȧȏȈ-ȕȣȍ ȋȍȚȘȣ» ȕȈ ȒȖȕȕȖȔ ȗȈȔȧȚȕȐȒȍ1 ȐȓȐ «ȋȖȓțȦ ȜȖȚȖșȍșșȐȦ Ȋ ȔȍȚ-ȘȖ»2 ȕȍ ȐȔȍȍȚ șȔȣșȓȈ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕȣȍ ȊȍȘșȐȐ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ, Ȋ ȖȚȓȐȟȐȍ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȖȚ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȑ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȉȍȓȖ-ȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǴȐȝȈȐȓȈ ǫțȓȐȕȈ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ǷȍȘșȖȕȈȓȤ-ȕȣȑ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚ» [ǫțȓȐȕ, 2012].

ǵȈ ȔȖȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ, țȔȍșȚȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȒȖȕ-șȚȐȚțȚȐȊȕȣȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȒȐ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ»:

x ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȑ șȗȖșȖȉ «șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ» (Ȋ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȖȔ Ȍȓȧ ȌȖșȚțȗȈ ȔȕȖȋȐȝ ȓȦȌȍȑ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈ-ȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȔ);

x țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȦ Ȑ ȐȕȚȍȘȈȒȞȐȦ șȖ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧ-ȔȐ (ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȦȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȏȘȐȚȍȓȧȔȐ Ȑ Ȋ ȐȌȍȈȓȍ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ șȖțȟȈșȚȕȐȒȈȔȐ, Ȑ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȉȍȏ ȗțȉȓȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȕȍȚ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ);

x ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ (ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ, ȟȍȘȍȏ ȓȐȟȕȖȍ țȟȈșȚȐȍ ȈȊȚȖȘȈ Ȋ ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȔȖȔ ȐȔ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȍ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȒȈȒȐȔ-ȚȖ ȌȘțȋȐȔ ȖȗȖșȘȍȌȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ (Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȑ ȜȖȘ-Ȕȍ Ȑ ȈȘșȍȕȈȓ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȍȑ ȚțȚ ȕȍ ȖȋȘȈȕȐȟȍȕ);

1 Ǫ ǹȖȓȐȋȖȘșȒȍ șȒțȓȤȗȚțȘț ȒȖȕȧ ȖȌȍȓȐ Ȋ ȊȧȏȈȕȣȍ ȋȍȚȘȣ. 10.01.2012 // http://news.tut.by/otklik/267982.html (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013). 2 ǫȖȓȈȧ ȜȖȚȖșȍșșȐȧ Ȋ ȔȍȚȘȖ: ȒȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȉȣȓȖ. 18.01.2012 // http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2012/01/18/ic_articles_116_176545/ (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013).

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x ȔȖȉȐȓȤȕȖșȚȤ/ȗȘȖȞȍșșțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȤ șȖȉȣȚȐȧ (ȚȍȔȗȖȘȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȈȒȞȐȐ, ȌȐȕȈȔȐȟȕȖșȚȤ ȜȖȘȔȣ, ȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȣȑ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚ);

x ȗȍȘȍȒȖȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ (ȍȋȖ ȘȍȖȘȋȈ-ȕȐȏȈȞȐȧ, șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȐȋȘȖȊȣȝ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ș ȕȐȔ, Ȑȏ-ȔȍȕȍȕȐȍ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȚȖȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ);

x ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȉȣȚȤ ȔȖȎȍȚ, șȈȔȖȍ ȊȈȎȕȖȍ – șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȐȔȗțȓȤș Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȑ ȗȈȜȖș, ȈȘȚȐȒțȓȐȘȖ-ȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖșȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ.

ȅȚȖ ȌȈȓȍȒȖ ȕȍ ȐșȟȍȘȗȣȊȈȦȡȐȑ șȗȐșȖȒ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ ȒȘȐȚȍȘȐȍȊ, ȗȖ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȔ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȐȌȍȕȚȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȍȍ Ȋ ȗțȉ-ȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȍ ȒȈȒ «ȈȒȚ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ», ȕȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȕțȎȕȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț, ȟȚȖ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ Ȑȏ ȥȚȐȝ ȒȘȐȚȍȘȐȍȊ ȐȔȍȦȚ ȏȕȈ-ȟȍȕȐȍ Ȍȓȧ ȊȣȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ șȗȍȞȐȜȐȒȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȗȖ șȘȈȊȕȍ-ȕȐȦ ș «ȔțȏȍȑȕȖ-ȋȈȓȍȘȍȑȕȣȔ», Ȉ ȌȘțȋȐȍ ȔȖȋțȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣ-ȔȐ Ȋ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȐ ȌȍȔȈȘȒȈȞȐȖȕȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȐ ȔȍȎȌț ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖȔ (ȥșȚȍ-ȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȗȘȈȒșȐșȖȔ) Ȑ ȐȕȣȔȐ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȧȔȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ.

ǲȠȐȠȚȖȜ ǪȖȌȐȟȒȖ țȊȍȘȍȕ, ȟȚȖ «ȞȍȓȤ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖ-ȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȕȍ Ȋ ȘȈȌȖșȚȕȖ-ȉȍȏȔȧȚȍȎȕȖȔ ȥȒșȋȐȉȐȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȍ Ȑ ȕȍ Ȋ ȗȈșșȐȊȕȖȔ ȒȖȓȓȈȉȖȘȈȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȍ ș ȒțȘȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ ȋȐȋȈȕȚșȒȖȑ «ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ», ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚ șȖȉȖȑ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȋȖȘȖȌ, «ȕȖ Ȋ ȈȒȚȐȊȕȖȔ ȊȚȖȘȎȍȕȐȐ Ȋ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕțȦ ȎȐȏȕȤ, Ȋ ȖșȖȏȕȈȕȕȖȔ ȒȖȕșȚ-ȘțȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ șȘȍȌȣ, Ȋ șȐșȚȍȔȈȚȐȟȍșȒȖȔ ȗȖȌȘȣȊȍ Țȍȝ șȝȍȔ ȗȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȜȖȘȔ ȘȍȈȒȞȐȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȍȖȉȓȈȌȈȦȚ Ȋ ȕȈȠȍȔ ȊȖș-ȗȘȐȧȚȐȐ ȔȐȘȈ Ȑ ȗȖȊșȍȌȕȍȊȕȖȑ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȐ [șȔ.: Wodiczko, 1987. P. 42]. ǽțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȕȍȘȈȏȘȣȊȕȖ șȊȧȏȈȕȈ ș șȈȔȣȔȐ ȖșȚȘȣȔȐ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈȔȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ: «țȒȘȈȠȈȚȍȓȤșȚ-ȊȖ» Ȏȍ, ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȌȈȓȍȒȖȍ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ, ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȊȣȗȖȓȕȧȍȚ ȜțȕȒȞȐȦ ȓȍȋȐȚȐȔȈȞȐȐ ȌȖȔȐȕȐȘțȦȡȍȋȖ ȊȓȈșȚȕȖȋȖ ȌȐșȒțȘșȈ (ȕȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ, ȐȌȍȚ ȓȐ ȘȍȟȤ Ȗ ȓȐȉȍȘȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȐ ȓȐȉȖ Ȗȉ ȈȊȚȖȘȐ-ȚȈȘȕȖȔ ȘȍȎȐȔȍ).

ǫȍȕȍȈȓȖȋȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȊȖșȝȖȌȐȚ Ȓ ǹȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚ-șȒȖȔț ȐȕȚȍȘȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓț (1950–1960-ȍ ȋȋ.) – ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈ-ȚȍȓȤȕȖȔț Ȑ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȗȘȖȍȒȚț ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍ-ȕȐȧ ȏȈȧȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȐȔ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ Ȑ șȗȖșȖȉȖȊ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ș «Ȗȉ-ȡȍșȚȊȖȔ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȧ» (ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȗȘȈȊȍȌȓȐȊȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Ȑș-ȒțșșȚȊȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ ȘȖȌȍ ȉȣȓȖ «ȗȓȖȡȈȌȕȣȔ»). ǷȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ «șȓȍȌ» ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȝ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖșȚțȗȐȓ ȋȖȘȈȏȌȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȖȚȟȍȚȓȐȊȖ. ǴȕȖȋȖȍ Ȑȏ ȚȖȋȖ, ȟȚȖ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȖșȤ ȕȈ ǯȈ-ȗȈȌȍ ȗȖȟȚȐ 50 ȓȍȚ ȕȈȏȈȌ, ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȈȍȚșȧ Ȓ ȕȈȔ ȕȍ Ȋ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ Ȋȕȍ-ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ țȕȐȊȍȘșȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȑ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȖșȚȐ, ȕȖ Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ


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ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȈȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ, ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗȉ ȥȚȖȔ șȓȍȌȍ, ȕȍȖȉ-ȝȖȌȐȔȖ ȐȔȍȚȤ Ȋ ȊȐȌț șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȍ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȈ: ȖȚșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȒȖȕ-ȞȍȗȚțȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȍȔșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ – ȐȌȍȐ Ȑ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ ȓȍȚȚȘȐșȚȖȊ, ȚȈȒ Ȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚȖȊ Ȋ ǹǹǹǸ Ȑ Ȋ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȐȑ ȗȍȘȐȖȌ, ȍșȓȐ Ȑ ȉȣ-ȓȐ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣ, ȚȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍ ȖȉșțȎȌȈȓȐșȤ1 Ȑ, șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȕȍ ȔȖȋȓȐ șȚȈȚȤ ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȟȊȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȖȌțȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ șȐ-ȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚșȒȖȑ ȗȘȖȋȘȈȔȔȣ Ȋ ȓȖȒȈȓȤȕȖȔ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȍ. ǬȖȊȖȓȤȕȖ ȗȖ-ȒȈȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȔ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ șȊȧȏȐ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȚȖ ȖȉșȚȖȧȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ, ȟȚȖ ȌȈȎȍ Țȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ, ȒȚȖ șȖȏȌȈȍȚ «șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ», ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȣȊȈȧ ȥȚȖ Ȑ ȒȈȒ șȊȖȍ ȎȐȏȕȍȕȕȖȍ ȒȘȍȌȖ, Ȑ ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕțȦ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ, Ȑ ȟȤȐ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȦȚ Ȍțȝț șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚșȒȖȋȖ dérive, ȕȍ ȖȡțȡȈȦȚ șȊȖ-ȍȋȖ ȘȖȌșȚȊȈ ș ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȑ, ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȉȣ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȍȑ – ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȗȖ ȗȘȐ-ȟȐȕȍ ȕȍȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȧ ȕȍȗȘȐȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȓ ȍȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ XX Ȋ.2

Ǭȓȧ ǫȐ ǬȍȉȖȘȈ Ȑ ȍȋȖ ȗȖșȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȍȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ, ȏȈȔȒȕțȚȖȍ ȕȈ șȈȔȖȔ șȍȉȍ, ȕȍ ȗȘȍșȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ Ȑȕȣȝ Ȟȍȓȍȑ, ȒȘȖȔȍ șȈȔȖȊȣ-ȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ, ȓȐȠȍȕȖ ȊșȧȒȖȋȖ șȔȣșȓȈ. ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȉȍȏ șȈȔȖ-ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ, ȉȍȏ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȍȑ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȕȖșȚȐ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȖȋȖ ȇ ȗȖȌȍȓȐȚȤșȧ ș ȌȘțȋȐȔȐ șȊȖȐȔ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȐȘȈ – ȕȍȚ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ. ǵȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȈȊȚȖȘ-șȒȖȍ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ – ȥȚȖ ȊȐȌȍȕȐȍ ȔȐȘȈ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȑ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȋȘțȗȗȣ, Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ ȖȕȖ ȊșȍȋȌȈ Ȑ țȎȍ ȐȕȚȍȘșțȉȢȍȒȚȐȊȕȖ. ǽȈȘȈȒ-ȚȍȘȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ, ȟȚȖ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȈȧ ȐȕȚȍȕȞȐȧ Ȋ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍȘȍȌȒȖ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȖȑ, ȟȍȔ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚ. ǴȕȖȋȐȍ ȈȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȕȣȍ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȊȏȋȓȧȌ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ ȔȍȕȧȦȚ șȊȖȍ ȏȕȈ-ȟȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ȏȈȊȐșȐȔȖșȚȐ ȖȚ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȈ. ǲȖȋȌȈ ȊȖ ȊȘȍȔȧ șȊȖȍȑ ȈȒȞȐȐ «ǷȍȘșȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚ», ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȔȖȑ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈ „Going Public“ (Ȋ ȖȒȚȧȉȘȍ 2012 ȋ.), ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ǫțȓȐȕ ȉȣȓ ȏȈȌȍȘȎȈȕ ȉȍȓȖȘțșșȒȐȔȐ ȗȘȈȊȖȖȝȘȈȕȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȔȐ ȖȘȋȈȕȈȔȐ ȕȈ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȑ

1 ǷȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȖȌȕȐȔ Ȑȏ ȗȍȘȊȣȝ ȚȍȖȘȍȚȐȒȖȊ, ȖȉȘȈȚȐȊȠȐȝșȧ Ȓ Ȗș-ȔȣșȓȍȕȐȦ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚșȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ Ȋ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȖȔ ȒȖȕȚȍȒșȚȍ Ȋ șȍȘȍ-ȌȐȕȍ 1990-ȝ ȋȋ., ȉȣȓ ǨȓȍȒșȈȕȌȘ ǺȈȘȈșȖȊ, șȣȋȘȈȊȠȐȑ ȒȓȦȟȍȊțȦ ȘȖȓȤ Ȋ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȐ ȕȍȖȘȚȖȌȖȒșȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȘȒșȐȏȔȈ Ȋ șȖȊȍȚșȒȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ. ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȌȖ Țȍȝ ȗȖȘ, ȗȖȒȈ ȕȍ ȊȣȠȍȓ ȘțșșȒȖȧȏȣȟȕȣȑ ȗȍȘȍȊȖȌ «Ƕȉȡȍ-șȚȊȈ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȧ» ǫȐ ǬȍȉȖȘȈ Ȋ 2000 ȋ., ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖ – ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȐȑ șȓțȟȈȑ «ȕȍȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȕȖȋȖ» ȕȈșȓȍȌșȚȊȈ. 2 ǶȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȐȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ țȚȘȈȟȍȕȕȖȋȖ (ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȕȍ«ȖȗȖȏȕȈȕȕȖȋȖ»?) ȒțȓȤȚțȘ-ȕȖȋȖ ȒȖȌȈ ȓȐȠȤ șȖȊșȍȔ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȖ șȚȈȓȖ ȚȍȔȖȑ Ȍȓȧ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ șȘȍȌȐ țȘȉȈ-ȕȐșȚȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȚ-ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ (Ȗ ȟȍȔ șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊțȍȚ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȗȖȗȣȚȒȈ ȖȉȕȈ-ȘțȎȍȕȐȧ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ș ȗȈȕȒ-ȔȖȓȍȉȕȖȔ „Pussy Riot“ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ ȈȕȈȓȖȋȐȐ ș ȗȘȖȗȖȊȍȌȤȦ ȓȍȚȚȘȐșȚȖȊ Ȋ șȖȉȖȘȍ ǷȈȘȐȎșȒȖȑ ǩȖȋȖȔȈȚȍȘȐ Ȋ 1950 ȋ. ǲȈȒ ȗȐȠȍȚ ǨȓȍȒșȍȑ ǲȈȘȈȒȖȊșȒȐȑ, ȈȒȞȐȧ „Pussy Riot“ — «ȥȚȖ ȐșȗȖȓȕȍȕȐȍ ȗȤȍșȣ, șȚȈȊȠȍȑ ȒȓȈșșȐȒȖȑ ȍȡȨ ȗȖȓȊȍȒȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ») [șȔ.: ǲȈȘȈȒȖȊșȒȐȑ, 2012, Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ: Makhotra, 2012].

ȁȟȚȎțȜȐȎ

138

ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ Ȋ ǴȐȕșȒȍ, ȊȗȖȓȕȍ ȕȍȑȚȘȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗȖ șȊȖȍȔț ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘț ȐȕȚȍȘ-ȊȍȕȞȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ǴȐȕșȒȈ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȓȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȏȊțȟȈȕȐȍ1.

ǬȈȓȍȍ, ȜȘȈȕȞțȏșȒȐȍ șȐȚțȈȞȐȖȕȐșȚȣ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȐȓȐ ȖȉȡțȦ șȚȘȈȚȍ-ȋȐȦ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȋȖ-ȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, ȖȉȖșȕȖȊȈȊ ȕȍȖȉȝȖȌȐȔȖșȚȤ ȒȖȕșȚȘțȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șȐȚțȈȞȐȑ, Ț.ȍ. șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ «ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȘȖȟȕȣȝ șȘȍȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ» ȗȖ-șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȐ dérive Ȑ detournement. ǻșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȍ ȒȘȈȚȒȖșȘȖȟȕȣȝ șȘȍȌ șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ Ȑ ȌȈȎȍ, ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈ-ȊȐȓȖ, ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȍȚ ȗȘȍȌȊȐȌȍȕȐȧ ȒȖȕȍȟȕȖȑ ȞȍȓȐ ȐȓȐ ȜȐȒșȈȞȐȦ ȔȍșȚȈ. ǬȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ ȉȍȏ ȏȈȌȈȕȕȖȑ ȚȘȈȍȒȚȖȘȐȐ Ȑ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȈ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ șȈȔȖȞȍȕȕȣȔ: ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȊȖȊȓȍȟȍȕȐȦ Ȋ Ȍȍȑ-șȚȊȐȍ șȓțȟȈȑȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȝȖȎȐȝ, «ȓȦȌȍȑ ȎȐȏȕȐ» (viveurs) Ȑ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȐ-Țȍȓȍȑ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȝ șȚȘțȒȚțȘ ȕȈ ȗȍȘȊȣȑ ȗȓȈȕ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚ șȗȖȕȚȈȕ-ȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȖșȚȤ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ, ȒȈȒ țȎȍ ȖȚȔȍȟȈȓȖșȤ ȊȣȠȍ, Ȋ ȈȒȞȐȧȝ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ ȐșȝȖȌ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȈȒȚȈ ȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȘȍȠȍȕ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ.

ǹȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȗȖȌȖȉȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȧ ȖȉțșȓȖȊȓȐȊȈȍȚ șȚȘțȒȚțȘ-ȕțȦ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ ȒȈȒ șȐȕȋțȓȧȘȕȖȋȖ, Ȋ ȍȋȖ ȉȍș-ȗȘȍȞȍȌȍȕȚȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ, Ȑ Ȋ ȥȚȖȑ ȚȖȟȒȍ Ȕȣ ȐȔȍȍȔ ȒȖȕȋȍȕȐȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȊȗȈȌȍȕȐȍ Ȟȍȓȍȑ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȚȐ-ȊȐȏȔȈ: ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ Ȗȉ ȈȒȚȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ (șȖ-)ȚȊȖȘȍȕȐȧ ȒȈȒ ȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȖȔ Ȑ șȐȕȋțȓȧȘȕȖȔ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȐ ȐȔȔȈȕȍȕȚȕȖ ȗȘȐșțȡȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊț ȒȈȒ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȍ, ȖȚȘȐȞȈȦȡȍȑ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȍȕȐȍ țȎȍ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȣȝ ȘȍȞȍȗȚȖȊ Ȑ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȈȊȐȓ ȐȋȘȣ. ǵȍ Ȕȍȕȍȍ ȊȈȎȕȖ Ȑ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȓțȟȈȍ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȐȧ ȥȚȖȑ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȐ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȖ ȗȘȐȍȔȓȍȔȖȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȑ Ȗ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍ-ȕȐȧ ȓȖȋȐȒȍ ȘȍȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ [șȔ. ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ: ǻșȔȈȕȖȊȈ, 2006. ǹ. 103], ȒȖȓȤ șȒȖȘȖ Ȋ ȥȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȞȍșșȍ ȕȍ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȕȐ șȚȈȉȐȓȤ-ȕȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ, ȕȐ ȜȐȒșȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȝ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȑ, ȕȐ țș-ȚȖȧȊȠȐȝșȧ ȒȖȕȊȍȕȞȐȑ, ȌȈ Ȑ șȈȔȖ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȍ ȕȍ ȗȖȌȓȍȎȐȚ ȕȍȔȍȌȓȍȕ-ȕȖȑ ȒȈȚȍȋȖȘȐȏȈȞȐȐ.

ǲ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ șȐȕȋțȓȧȘȕȖșȚȤ Ȑ ȒȘȍȈȚȐȊȕȖșȚȤ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐ-ȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕțȦ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȦ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕ-ȕȖȑ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ, Ț.ȍ. ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ Ȑ țȒȓȖȕȍȕȐȧ ȖȚ ȗȘȧȔȖȋȖ șȚȖȓȒȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ ș ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ. ǸȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȈȒȞȐȑ Ȋ Țȍȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȝ, ȋȌȍ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȕȍ ȎȌȍȚ, ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȊȈȓȐȜȐȞȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ șȚȈȚȤȧȔ ǻȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȋȖ ȒȖ-

1 ǹȔ. ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȖȌȘȖȉȕȖ ȔȈȚȍȘȐȈȓ ȕȈ «ǨȘȚ ǨȒȚȐȊȐșȚȍ»: http://artaktivist.org/mixail-gulin-“do-xudozhnika-nikomu-net-dela (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013).


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ȌȍȒșȈ, ȏȕȈȟȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣ Ȍȓȧ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȐșȚȖȊ. ǷȖ ȒȘȈȑȕȍȑ ȔȍȘȍ, ȕȈ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ – ȗȘȐ țșȓȖȊȐȐ, ȟȚȖ ȚȖȚ Ȏȍ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȑ ȕȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȈȗȘȖȉȐȘȖȊȈȕ ȗȖȊȚȖȘȕȖ. ǯȌȍșȤ, ȗȘȈȊȌȈ, ȍșȚȤ ȖȌȐȕ ȕȦȈȕș, Ȑ Ȗȕ ȊȍșȤȔȈ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȍȕ: ȌȈȎȍ Ȋ Țȍȝ șȓțȟȈȧȝ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȐșȗȖȓȤ-ȏțȦȚ ȚȈȒȚȐȒȐ ȗȈȘȚȐȏȈȕșȒȖȑ ȊȖȑȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȦȚ ȗȖ ȗȘȈȊȐȓȈȔ ȈȕȖ-ȕȐȔȕȖșȚȐ, ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ ȐȏȕȈȟȈȓȤȕȖ șȖȗȘȧ-ȎȍȕȖ ș ȘȐșȒȖȔ, ȒȈȒ Ȋ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȕȍȗȘȐȏȕȈȕȐȧ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȖ-șȚȐ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ șȘȍȌȐ «șȊȖȐȝ», ȚȈȒ Ȑ ș ȚȖȟȒȐ ȏȘȍȕȐȧ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȝ Șȍ-ȗȘȍșșȐȑ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȝ ȘȍȎȐȔȖȊ.

ǲȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȍ «ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȕșȣ» ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȑ ȚȖȓȗȣ ȒȈȎțȚșȧ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȣȔȐ, ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȈȕȖȕȐȔȕȖșȚȤ ȏȌȍșȤ țșȐȓȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȔȈșșȖȊȖșȚȤȦ – ȈȘȍșȚȖȊȈȚȤ Ȋșȍȝ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ, ȖȌȕȈȒȖ ȊȓȈșȚȤ Ȑ ȏȌȍșȤ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȧȍȚ ȕȍȌȦȎȐȕȕțȦ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ, Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȤȠȍ țȎȍșȚȖȟȈȧ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȊȍȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȘȖȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ ȗȖ ȗȘȐȕȞȐȗț «ȉȖȓȤȠȍ ȚȘȍȝ ȕȍ șȖȉȐȘȈȚȤșȧ» (ȚȈȒ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȚȘȈȒȚȖȊȈȚȤ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ ȖȘȋȈȕȖȊ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȗ ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȜȖȘȔȈȝ ȒȖȓȓȍȒȚȐȊȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȧ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ). ǵȈȗȘȐ-ȔȍȘ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȓȍȚȖȔ 2011 ȋ. ȔȐȕȟȈȕȍ, șȈȔȖȖȘȋȈȕȐȏțȧșȤ ȟȍȘȍȏ șȖȞȐȈȓȤ-ȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ, ȕȈȟȈȓȐ ȊȣȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȒȈȎȌțȦ șȘȍȌț ȕȈ «ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ» ȈȒȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ1, țȎȍ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ ȐȦȓȧ ȚȖȋȖ Ȏȍ ȋȖȌȈ ǹȖȊȍȚ ǴȐȕȐșȚȘȖȊ Ȋȕȍș ȕȈ ȘȈșșȔȖȚȘȍȕȐȍ Ȋ ǵȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȍ șȖȉȘȈȕȐȍ Ǹǩ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ, ȗȘȍȌțșȔȈȚȘȐ-ȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȊȍȌȍȕȐȍ ȕȖȊȣȝ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȖȒ Ȓ ȏȈȒȖȕț «Ƕ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȘȖ-ȗȘȐȧȚȐȧȝ Ȋ ǸȍșȗțȉȓȐȒȍ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȤ», ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȖ șțȚȐ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȓȐ șȖȏ-ȌȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȝȈȕȐȏȔȖȊ ȓȍȋȐȚȐȔȕȣȝ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȑ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖ ȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȦ Ȓ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȔ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈȔ (șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș 1997 ȋ. ȗȖȗȘȈȊȒȐ Ȋ ȥȚȖȚ ȏȈȒȖȕ ȊȕȖșȐȓȐșȤ ȟțȚȤ ȓȐ ȕȍ ȍȎȍȋȖȌȕȖ, Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȑ ȘȈȏ Ȋ 2010 ȋ.). Ǫ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȉȣȓȈ ȗȘȍȌȓȖȎȍȕȈ ȘȈșȠȐȘȍȕȕȈȧ ȚȘȈȒ-ȚȖȊȒȈ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ «ȗȐȒȍȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȍ», Ȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔț ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȗȘȐȘȈȊȕȐȊȈ-ȍȚșȧ «șȖȊȔȍșȚȕȖȍ ȔȈșșȖȊȖȍ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕ Ȋ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-ȓȍȕȕȖȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ (Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȗȖȌ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȔ ȕȍȉȖȔ) Ȑ Ȋ țșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȕȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ Ȍȓȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȐȧ ȏȈȘȈȕȍȍ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ ȐȓȐ ȉȍȏȌȍȑșȚȊȐȧ (ȒțȘșȐȊ ȔȖȑ. – Ǩ.ǻ.), ȖȘȋȈȕȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȍ (Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȋȓȖȉȈȓȤȕțȦ ȒȖȔȗȤȦȚȍȘȕțȦ șȍȚȤ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚ ȐȓȐ Ȑȕȣȍ ȐȕȜȖȘȔȈȞȐȖȕȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ) Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ șȊȖȐȝ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ ȐȓȐ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ» [ǹȐȕȦȒ, 2011]. ǵȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȏȈȉȣȚȣ Ȑ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȍ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ ȏȈ șȖȉȓȦ-

1 ǲȈȒ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȓȖ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖșȔȖȚȘȍȚȤ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȏȌȍșȤ: Ǫ ǴȐȕșȒȍ ȗȘȖȠȓȈ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȕȈȧ ȈȒȞȐȧ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ. ǭșȚȤ ȏȈȌȍȘ-ȎȈȕȕȣȍ. 20.06.2011 // TUT.BY // http://news.tut.by/politics/242931.html? utm_source=news-right-block&utm_medium=multimedia-news&utm_campaign=multimedia-news (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013) (ȖȉȘȈȡȈȍȚ ȕȈ șȍȉȧ ȊȕȐȔȈȕȐȍ Ȑ ȒȖȓȐȟȍșȚȊȖ ȒȖȔȔȍȕȚȈȘȐȍȊ – 1266).

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ȌȍȕȐȍȔ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ «ȗȖȘȧȌȒȈ»: Ȋ ȟȈșȚȕȖșȚȐ, ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȓȦ-ȉȈȧ ȚȖȟȒȈ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ (ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ ȋȐȗȖȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔȖȋȓȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȈ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȕȚȈȔȐ) ȖȚȕȣȕȍ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȖȉȖȘț-ȌȖȊȈȕȈ «șȚȈȞȐȖȕȈȘȕȣȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȊȐȌȍȖȕȈȉȓȦȌȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȐȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ șȘȍȌșȚȊȈȔȐ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȉȍȏȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ».

ǪȗȘȖȟȍȔ, ȉȍȓȖȘțșșȒȐȍ ȊȓȈșȚȐ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȐ ȖȘȐȋȐȕȈȓȤȕȣ Ȋ șȊȖȐȝ ȘȍȠȍȕȐȧȝ – ȗȖ șțȚȐ, ȥȚȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȊȣȋȓȧȌȐȚ ȒȈȒ ȕȍ-șȒȖȓȤȒȖ ȊȐȌȖȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȕȈȧ ȊȍȘșȐȧ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȖȋȖ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȐȔ ǷȈȘȓȈȔȍȕ-ȚȖȔ ȍȡȍ Ȋ 2005 ȋ.1 (ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȊȖȑȕȣ ș ǰȘȈȒȖȔ) ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍȕȐȧ Ȗ ȌȍȔȖȕșȚȘȈȞȐȧȝ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ (ȊȖ-ȠȍȌȠȐȔ Ȋ ȐșȚȖȘȐȦ ȒȈȒ SOCPA), ș ȚȖȑ șțȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ, ȟȚȖ ȚȈȔ ȘȍȟȤ ȠȓȈ Ȗ ȌȓȐȚȍȓȤȕȣȝ Ȑ «ȠțȔȕȣȝ» ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈȝ ȕȈ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȧȝ, ȗȘȐȓȍȋȈȦȡȐȝ Ȓ ǷȈȘȓȈȔȍȕȚț. Ƕ «ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȝ ȈȒȞȐȧȝ» Ȑ Ȓ ȚȖȔț Ȏȍ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȝ ȚȈȔ ȕȍ ȉȣȓȖ Ȑ ȘȍȟȐ (ȕȈȗȘȖȚȐȊ, ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗ «Ƞț-Ȕȍ» ȉȣȓ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕ Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȋȓȈȊȕȖȑ ȗȘȍȌȗȖșȣȓȒȐ Ȍȓȧ ȊȕȍșȍȕȐȧ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȖȒ Ȋ ȏȈȒȖȕȖȌȈȚȍȓȤșȚȊȖ). ǶȌȕȈȒȖ ȗȘȐȕȧȚȈȧ ȗȖȗȘȈȊȒȈ, ȘȈȊȕȖ ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȒȖȕȜȐșȒȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȗȖȓȐȞȐȍȑ ȕȈ ȖșȕȖȊȈȕȐȐ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȗȖșȚȈȕȖȊȓȍ-ȕȐȧ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȕȣȍ «ȖȉȢȍȒȚȣ», ȖȚ ȗȓȈȒȈȚȖȊ ȌȖ ȐȋȘțȠȍȒ («ȖȒȒțȗȐȘȖ-ȊȈȊȠȐȝ» țȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȘȖȚȧȎȍȕȕȖșȚȤȦ ȖȒȖȓȖ 40 ȔȍȚȘȖȊ), ȗȖșȓțȎȐȓȐ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȔ ȊȌȖȝȕȖȊȍȕȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȉȘȐȚȈȕșȒȖȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ ǴȈȘȒȈ ǪȈȓȓȐȕȌȎȍȘȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ 2007 ȋ. șȌȍȓȈȓ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ ȗȖȌ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐ-ȍȔ State Britain Ȑ ȊȖșȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȓ – Ȋ ȘȈȌȐțșȍ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȍȕȕȖȋȖ 1 ȒȐȓȖȔȍȚ-ȘȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȒȈȒ ȘȈȏ ȗȘȖȓȍȋȈȓ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȦ Ȕțȏȍȧ Tate Britain (ȏȖȕȈ «ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȖșȚȐ» ȉȣȓȈ ȖȚȔȍȟȍȕȈ ȟȍȘȕȖȑ ȓȐȕȐȍȑ), – «șȞȍȕț» ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȕȣȝ ȈȒȞȐȑ, ȕȖ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȚ ȘȈȏ ȗȖȌ ȏȈȡȐȚȕȖȑ ȋȘȈȔȖȚȖȑ «Ȕțȏȍȑ-ȕȣȝ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȖȊ».

ǪȖȖȉȡȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ, Ȋ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȐȐ «Ȑȕȣȝ» (ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȚȍȝȕȐȟȍ-șȒȐȝ Ȑ ȕȍ ȖȉȧȏȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ ȕȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ) șȘȍȌșȚȊ Ȍȓȧ ȗȘȍȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȈȒȞȐȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȈ: ȕȈȒȈȕțȕȍ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȗȘȍȏȐȌȍȕȚșȒȐȝ ȊȣȉȖȘȖȊ Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ șȖșȚȖȧȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȒȖȕȞȍ Ȍȍ-ȒȈȉȘȧ 2010 ȋ., Ȋ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ «Ȑȕȣȝ șȘȍȌșȚȊ» ȊȣșȚțȗȐȓȐ… ȘȖȎȌȍșȚȊȍȕ-șȒȐȍ ȍȓȒȐ Ȑ ȓȍȌȖȊȣȍ ȒȈȚȒȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȊȕȍȏȈȗȕȖ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȕȈ Ȋșȍȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȧȝ ȋȖȘȖȌȈ ȕȈ ȌȊȍ ȕȍȌȍȓȐ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ, ȟȍȔ ȖȉȣȟȕȖ, ȟȚȖ, ȘȈȏțȔȍȍȚșȧ, șȌȍȓȈȓȖ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ Ȍȓȧ «ȌȘțȋȐȝ» ȔȈșșȖȊȣȝ ȔȍȘȖȗȘȐȧȚȐȑ.

ǬȈȓȍȍ, ȍșȓȐ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȐ ǹȍȑȓȣ ǩȍȕȝȈȉȐȉ, ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ ȌȖȓȎȕȈ ȉȣȚȤ ȌȍȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȐȏȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȚȤ Ȋ șȍȉȧ ȔȕȖȋȖ-ȖȉȘȈȏȕȣȍ Ȑ ȗȍȘȍșȍȒȈȦȡȐȍșȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȍ șȍȚȐ Ȑ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȧ [șȔ.:

1 ǹȔ.: Legal Reform: Protest Around Parliament, ȗȈȘȈȋȘȈȜȣ 110–139, ȕȖ Ȋ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȐ 132–138 // http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ jt200809/jtselect/jtrights/47/4708.htm (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013).


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ǩȍȕȝȈȉȐȉ, 2003. ǹ. 166–167], șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȗȍȘȔȈȕȍȕȚȕȖȍ ȗȍȘȍ-ȚȍȒȈȕȐȍ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȝșȧ ȋȘțȗȗ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ ȗȖ-ȏȊȖȓȧȍȚ ȘȍȠȈȚȤ ȏȈȌȈȟț ȌȍȞȍȕȚȘȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ Ȑ șȖȏȌȈȕȐȧ ȚȘȈȕșȊȍȘ-șȈȓȤȕȣȝ șȍȚȍȑ. Ǫ ȘȍȏțȓȤȚȈȚȍ ȖȉȘȈȏțȍȚșȧ șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ ȜȓȦȐȌȕȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ, șțȡȍșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȕȍ ȚȖ ȟȚȖȉȣ ȥȜȍȔȍȘȕȖ, ȕȖ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, ȕȍ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ Ȑ ȕȍ ȋȈȘȈȕȚȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȘȈȏ Ȑ ȕȈȊșȍȋȌȈ, Ȉ șȚȘțȒ-ȚțȘȕȣȍ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȍȍ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȖȉȍșȗȍȟȐȊȈȦȚșȧ ȕȍ șȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȒȖȕșȍȕșțșȖȔ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȖȔ, șȒȖȓȤȒȖ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȚȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȧȔȐ ȒȖȔȔțȕȐȒȈȞȐȐ.

ǲȘȖȔȍ ȚȖȋȖ, șȚȖȐȓȖ ȉȣ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ Ȑ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȕț ȖȟȍȕȤ ȊȈȎȕțȦ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖșȚȤ, ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȡțȦ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȦ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȕȐȧ ș ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȍȑ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȖȑ ȕȈ ȌȍȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȦ ȖȚ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȘȈȕȕȐȝ ȜȖȘȔ «ȗȍ-ȘȍȒȖȌȐȘȖȊȒȐ» șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ. ǹȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-ȒȐ Ȑ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȍ ȈȒȚȐȊȐșȚȣ ȕȍ ȊșȚțȗȈȦȚ Ȋ ȗȘȧȔȖȑ ȒȖȕȜȓȐȒȚ ș ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȖȔȣȠȓȧȦȚ Ȗȉ ȈȒȞȐȧȝ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȈȕȌȈȓȐȏȔȈ: ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȍȔȣȍ ȐȔȐ ȈȕȚȐȐȍȘȈȘȝȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȈȒȚȣ ȗȖ ȗȍȘȍȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȐȦ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȖ ȖȚȓȐȟȈȦȚșȧ ȖȚ ȐȒȖȕȖȉȖȘȟȍșȒȖȑ ȌȍȧȚȍȓȤ-ȕȖșȚȐ, ȕȈȗȘȐȔȍȘ, ȗȈȘȐȎșȒȐȝ ȒȖȔȔțȕȈȘȖȊ, Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ șȖȎȎȍȕȐȍ ȋȐȓȤȖȚȐȕȣ ȐȓȐ ȕȐȏȊȍȘȎȍȕȐȍ ǪȈȕȌȖȔșȒȖȑ ȒȖȓȖȕȕȣ ȐȔȍȓȐ ȚȈȒȖȍ Ȏȍ ȏȕȈȟȍȕȐȍ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ ȊȖȖȘțȎȍȕȕȈȧ ȉȖȘȤȉȈ ȕȈ ȉȈȘȘȐȒȈȌȈȝ [șȔ.: ǸȈț-ȕȐȋ, 2012. ǹ. 106]. ȅȚȖ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȧ șȓȈȉȖȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ, ȗȣȚȈȦȡȍȋȖșȧ ȒȖȔȗȍȕșȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ șȊȖȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȉȍșșȐȓȐȍ ȈȒȚȖȔ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖ-ȋȖ «ȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȐȧ» ȚȖȗȖȋȘȈȜȐȐ, ȕȖ ȕȍ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ. ǶȚȕȣȕȍ ȏȈȌȈȟȈ șȖșȚȖȐȚ ȕȍ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȚȤ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȖȉȢȍȒȚ Ȑ ȕȈ ȥȚȖȔ ȔȍșȚȍ țșȚȈȕȖȊȐȚȤ ȕȍȟȚȖ ȐȕȖȍ, ȟȚȖ ȏȈȒȘȍȗȓȧȓȖ ȉȣ ȗȘȐșțȚșȚȊȐȍ Ȑ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȖ ȕȖȊȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ, ȥȚȖ ȗȖ șțȚȐ șȐȔȔȍȚ-ȘȐȟȕȣȍ ȖȗȍȘȈȞȐȐ, Ȋ ȘȈȊȕȖȑ șȚȍȗȍȕȐ ȕȈșȐȓȤșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ Ȑ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȉȍșȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȍ (ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȕȖȊȣȍ ȜȐȏȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȖȉȢȍȒȚȣ ȖȒȈȏȣ-ȊȈȦȚșȧ ȚȈȒȐȔȐ Ȏȍ țȧȏȊȐȔȣȔȐ Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ, ȒȈȒ Ȑ Țȍ, ȟȚȖ ȏȈȕȐ-ȔȈȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȔȍșȚȖ ȌȖ ȕȐȝ1), țȚȊȍȘȎȌȈȦȡȐȍ ȖȕȚȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȗȘȐȔȈȚ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ, Ȉ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖȉȣ ȌȍȏȈȊțȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ, ȖȗȘȖȒȐȕțȚȤ șȔȣșȓ, ȗȘȐșȊȖȐȚȤ șȍȉȍ ȕȍ ȔȍșȚȖ, ȕȖ ȗȈȔȧȚȤ Ȑ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȍ (ȔȖȎȕȖ, ȊȍȘȖȧȚȕȖ, ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ Ȗ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ ȘȈșȡȍȗȓȍȕȐȐ ȗȖȕȧȚȐȧ «ȔȍșȚȈ ȗȈȔȧȚȐ» (les lieux de memoire), ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț Ȋ ȌȈȕȕȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȕȍ «Ȕȍ-șȚȖ», ȕȈșȣȡȍȕȕȖȍ ȐșȚȖȘȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȗȈȔȧȚȤȦ, ȕȖ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖ (ȒȖȓȓȍȒ-ȚȐȊȕȈȧ) ȗȈȔȧȚȤ, ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ, ȥȒșȚȘȈȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȈȧ Ȑ ȋȐȗȖșȚȈȏȐȘȖȊȈȕ-

1 ǷȘȐȔȍȘȖȔ ȚȖȔț ȔȖȎȍȚ ȗȖșȓțȎȐȚȤ ǽȘȈȔ ǽȘȐșȚȈ ǹȗȈșȐȚȍȓȧ Ȋ ǴȖșȒȊȍ, ȊȖȏȊȘȈȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȕȈ «șȊȖȍ» ȔȍșȚȖ, ȒȖȚȖȘȖȍ ȌȖȓȋȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȏȈȕȐȔȈȓ ȊȖȌȕȣȑ ȉȈșșȍȑȕ, ȕȖ ȈȒȞȐȧ „Pussy Riot“ Ȋ ȖȌȕȖȟȈșȤȍ ȘȈȏȘțȠȐȓȈ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚ, ȕȈ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȔ, ȒȈȏȈȓȖșȤ ȉȣ, ȕȍȏȣȉȓȍȔȖ ȗȖȒȖȐȓșȧ ȥȚȖȚ ȔȖȕț-ȔȍȕȚ, țȊȍȒȖȊȍȟȐȊȈȊȠȐȑ Ȑ ȓȍȋȐȚȐȔȐȘȖȊȈȊȠȐȑ ȊȖșșȖȍȌȐȕȍȕȐȍ șȊȍȚșȒȖȑ Ȑ ȘȍȓȐȋȐȖȏȕȖȑ ȊȓȈșȚȐ Ȋ ȗȖșȚșȖȊȍȚșȒȖȑ ǸȖșșȐȐ.

ȁȟȚȎțȜȐȎ

142

ȕȈȧ, ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ șȚȈȊȒȖȑ Ȋ ȉȖȘȤȉȍ ȏȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ (Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȥȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐȓȐ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȍ) ȗȘȍȊȖșȝȖȌșȚȊȖ1.

ǹȓțȟȈȑ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ: ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ șȜȍȘȈ ȉȍȏ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ

ǴȍȌȐȑȕȣȍ ȖȚȏȊțȒȐ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ, ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȧȡȐȝ Ȋ ȘȈȏ-ȕȣȝ ȚȖȟȒȈȝ ȔȐȘȈ, ȉțȌțȟȐ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȣ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȘȐȏȔț ȉȍȓȖȘțșșȒȖȋȖ ȖȗȣȚȈ, ȗȘȖȐȏȊȖȌȧȚ ȖȡțȡȍȕȐȍ șȐȓȤȕȍȑȠȍȋȖ déjà vu, Ȑ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȈȔȐ ȌȈȎȍ șȒȓȈȌȣȊȈȍȚșȧ ȊȗȍȟȈȚȓȍȕȐȍ, ȟȚȖ ȉȍȓȖȘțșșȒȐȑ țȓȐȟȕȣȑ «ȈȒȞȐȖ-ȕȐȏȔ» (ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȚȈȒȐȍ ȍȋȖ ȘȈȏȕȖȊȐȌȕȖșȚȐ ȒȈȒ ȜȓȥȠ-ȔȖȉȣ (ȕȈȟȐȕȈȧ ș 2004 ȋ.) Ȑ «ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȣȍ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȣ» (2011)) ȈȗȘȖȉȐȘȖȊȈȓ ȕȍȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ Ȑ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȓ Ȑȝ ȗȘȍȌȍȓ ȕȈȔȕȖȋȖ ȘȈȕȤȠȍ, ȟȍȔ ȥȚȖ ȗȘȖȐȏȖȠȓȖ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȍșȚȈȝ2. ǹȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊȍȕȕȖ, ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȍ Ȓ ȖșȔȣș-ȓȍȕȐȦ «șȓțȟȈȧ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ»3, ȒȈȒ Ȕȕȍ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȧȍȚșȧ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȖȓȍȏȕȣȔ Ȍȓȧ ȖșȔȣșȓȍȕȐȧ ȕȖȊȖȑ ȜȖȘȔȣ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘțȦ ȧ țȎȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȓȈ ȊȣȠȍ ȒȈȒ «ȜȓȦȐȌȕțȦ».

1 ǻȎȍ țȗȖȔȐȕȈȊȠȈȧșȧ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȈȒȞȐȧ ǴȐȝȈȐȓȈ ǫțȓȐȕȈ «ǷȍȘșȖȕȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȔȖȕțȔȍȕȚ» ȐȌȍȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȖȉȘȈȏȖȔ ȐȓȓȦșȚȘȐȘțȍȚ ȊȣȠȍȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȚȍȏȐ-șȣ: ȏȌȍșȤ Ȕȣ ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȐȊȈȍȔ Ȑ ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊȕțȦ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒț ȕȈ «ȌȍȚȍȘȘȐȚȖ-ȘȐȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȦ», Ȑ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȕȐȍ, Ȑ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȐȚȤ ȗȖȏȐȞȐȦ ȝțȌȖȎ-ȕȐȒȈ ȒȈȒ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ, ȐȔȍȦȡȍȋȖ ȗȘȈȊȖ ȕȈ ȈȊȚȖȘșȒȐȑ ȗȖșȚțȗȖȒ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ, Ȑ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȗȍȘȍȒȖȌȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚ-ȊȈ (ȈȘȍșȚ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȗȖȔȖȋȈȊȠȐȝ ȍȔț ȊȖȓȖȕȚȍȘȖȊ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȕȍ șȓț-ȟȈȑȕȖ ȉȣȓ ȗȘȖȐȏȊȍȌȍȕ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȕȈ ǶȒȚȧȉȘȤșȒȖȑ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȈȧ Ȋ ȔȈȘ-Țȍ 2006 ȋ. ȕȈ ȞȍȓțȦ ȕȍȌȍȓȦ ȉȣȓȈ «ȖȒȒțȗȐȘȖȊȈȕȈ» ȗȈȓȈȚȖȟȕȣȔ ȋȖȘȖȌȒȖȔ ȔȈȕȐȜȍșȚȈȕȚȖȊ, Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ ȚȖȋȖ, ȒȈȒ ȓȈȋȍȘȤ ȉȣȓ țșȚȘȈȕȍȕ, ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȐ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȕȍțșȣȗȕȣȔ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȍȔ ȊȓȈșȚȐ). 2 ȇ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț ȕȍ ȗȘȖȊȈȓȤȕțȦ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț șȐȔțȓȧȞȐȐ «ȌȎȐȕșȖȊȖȑ (=ȊȈșȐȓȤȒȖȊȖȑ) ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȐ» 2006 ȋ., ȕȖ, șȒȖȘȍȍ, ȔȕȖȎȍșȚȊȖ ȌȘțȋȐȝ ȔȐȒȘȖ-șȖȉȣȚȐȑ, ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȊȠȐȝ Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ ȌȖ Ȑ ȗȖșȓȍ 2006 ȋ., ȖȉȡȐȑ șȔȣșȓ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȏȈȒȓȦȟȈȓșȧ Ȋ ȗȖȐșȒȍ ȕȍȚȘȈȌȐȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ șȗȖșȖȉȖȊ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȖ-ȚȍșȚȕȣȝ ȕȈșȚȘȖȍȕȐȑ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈȝ (ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚ). 3 ǸȧȌ ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȝ ȏȌȍșȤ ȐȌȍȑ ȉȣȓȐ ȔȕȖȦ șȜȖȘȔțȓȐȘȖȊȈȕȣ Ȋ ȗȘȍȌȣ-ȌțȡȐȝ ȗțȉȓȐȒȈȞȐȧȝ: «ǩȍȓȖȘțșșȒȐȑ détournement, ȐȓȐ ǰșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȖȉȝȖȌ-ȕȖȋȖ ȔȈȕȍȊȘȈ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȈ» (2006), Flashmob – the Divide between Art and Politics in Belarus» (2009), «ǷȖ Țț șȚȖȘȖȕț ȘȍȗȘȍȏȍȕȚȈȞȐȐ: ȘȍȊȖȓȦ-ȞȐȧ ȒȈȒ șȓȖȊȖ, ȒȈȒ ȖȉȘȈȏ, ȒȈȒ șȖȉȣȚȐȍ» (2011), „Fluide Öffentlichkeit: Per-formatives Auflösen der Grenze zwischen Kunst und Politik“ (2013). ǷȖ șțȚȐ, ȘȍȟȤ ȐȌȍȚ Ȗ șȊȖȍȖȉȘȈȏȕȖȔ, ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȕȍ ȗȘȍȌȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȕȖȔ, «ȓȖȕȋȐȚȦȌȕȖȔ» ȐșșȓȍȌȖȊȈȕȐȐ, ș ȖȉȕȈȘțȎȍȕȐȍȔ Ȑ șȘȈȊȕȍȕȐȍȔ Țȍȝ ȚȍȕȌȍȕȞȐȑ Ȑ ȚȖȑ ȌȐȕȈ-ȔȐȒȐ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȐȧ ȜȖȘȔ ȊȏȈȐȔȖȗȍȘȍșȍȟȍȕȐȧ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍ-șȒȖȋȖ ȗȖȓȍȑ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ ȏȈ ȥȚȐ ȋȖȌȣ [șȔ.: ǻșȔȈȕȖȊȈ, 2006; Ousmanova, 2010; 2013].


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ǪȖȗȘȖș Ȗ ȚȖȔ, șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ ȓȐ Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕ-șȚȊȖ, ȌȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȗȘȍȌȗȖȓȈȋȈȓ ȕȍȌȊțșȔȣșȓȍȕȕȖ ȖȚȘȐ-ȞȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȊȍȚ. Ǫ ȕȈȠȍȑ ȘȍȈȓȤȕȖșȚȐ ȔȣșȓȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ șȖȞȐȈȓȤ-ȕȣȍ ȈȕȚȈȋȖȕȐȏȔȣ ȔȖȋțȚ Ȑ ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣȚȤ ȗȘȍȌȔȍȚȖȔ ȠȐȘȖȒȖȑ ȌȐșȒțșșȐȐ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȊȣȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȔȕȍȕȐȑ, ȒȈȎȍȚșȧ ȕȍțȔȍșȚ-ȕȖȑ. ǪȍȘȕȍȍ, ȊȣșȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ, Ȋ ȖȉȡȍȔ-ȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ, ȕȖ, ȊȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ, ȗȖ-șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ ȚȈȒȐȝ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȋȖȊȖȘȧȡȍȋȖ ȕȍȗȘȍȌșȒȈȏțȍȔȣ; ȊȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ, ȕȐȒȈȒȐȝ țșȚțȗȖȒ ȚȈȒ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȔȖȔț ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȔț ȔȕȍȕȐȦ ȉȍȓȖȘțșșȒȐȑ ȘȍȎȐȔ ȕȍ ȌȖȗțșȒȈȓ Ȑ ȊȘȧȌ ȓȐ ȥȚȖ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȐ șțȡȍșȚȊțȦȡȐȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ; Ȋ-ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ, ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ ȘȍȟȐ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȔȖȕȖȗȖȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȖ ȌȍȑșȚȊțȦȡȐȔ ȘȍȎȐȔȖȔ (Ȋ ȗȍȘȊțȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ șȈȔȐȔ ǳțȒȈȠȍȕȒȖ), Ȉ Ȋșȧ ȔȖȡȤ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȝ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ, ȊȒțȗȍ ș ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȐȌȍȖȓȖ-ȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈȔȐ ȕȈȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȈ ȕȈ ȚȖȚȈȓȤȕȣȑ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȤ ȏȈ ȐȕȈȒȖȔȣșȓȧȡȐȔȐ Ȑ ȉȘțȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȌȈȊȓȍȕȐȍ ȖȚȒȘȣȚȣȝ ȖȗȗȖȏȐ-ȞȐȖȕȕȣȝ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȑ.

ǷȘȐȔȍȘȕȖ Ȓ șȍȘȍȌȐȕȍ «ȕțȓȍȊȣȝ» ȋȖȌȖȊ șȚȈȓȖ ȖȟȍȊȐȌȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȥȚȖȑ ȉȍșȗȖȡȈȌȕȖȑ ȔȈȠȐȕȍ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȗȖșȚȈȊȐȚȤ ȕȍ ȖȘȋȈȕȐ-ȏȖȊȈȕȕțȦ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ șȐȓț, Ȉ ȦȘȖȌșȚȊȖ, ȐȓȐ ȚȖȟȕȍȍ – ȐȕțȦ ȜȖȘȔț ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȔȣȠȓȍȕȐȧ Ȑ Ȑȕȣȍ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȐ șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍ-ȕȐȧ (ȓțȟȠȍ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ ȗȖ ǬȍȓȨȏț, lignes de fuite, ȐȓȐ ȓȐȕȐȐ țșȒȖȓȤȏȈȕȐȧ (ȉȍȋșȚȊȈ)). Ǫ ȚȈȒȖȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ «ȒȈȘȕȈȊȈȓȤ-ȕȣȍ» ȎȍșȚȣ, ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȕșȖȊ Ȑ ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐȊȖȍ ȕȍșȖȋȓȈșȐȍ ș ȘȍȎȐȔȖȔ ȖȒȈȏȈȓȐșȤ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȕȣȔȐ, ȕȖ Ȑ ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ șȖ-ȗȘȖȚȐȊȓȍȕȐȧ.

ǲȈȒ ȥȚȖ ȕȐ șȚȘȈȕȕȖ ȏȊțȟȐȚ Ȋ ȥȗȖȝț ǰȕȚȍȘȕȍȚȈ, ȕȖ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈ-ȕȐȍ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ ȕȈȟȈȓȖ ȗȘȖȐșȝȖȌȐȚȤ ȗȖ ȚȖȔț ȒȓȈșșȐȟȍșȒȖȔț șȞȍȕȈȘȐȦ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ șȊȖȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȗȐșȈȓ ȆȘȋȍȕ ǽȈ-ȉȍȘȔȈș, ș ȚȖȑ ȓȐȠȤ ȘȈȏȕȐȞȍȑ, ȟȚȖ țșȓȖȊȐȍȔ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȥȚȖȋȖ șȞȍȕȈȘȐȧ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȊșȍȖȉȡȈȧ «ȐȕȚȍȘȕȍȚȐȏȈȞȐȧ». ǷȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ-ȔȐ Ȍȓȧ ȕȍȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȐȘțȍȔȣȝ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȑ șȚȈȓȐ ȒȈȜȍ Ȑ ȟȈșȚȕȣȍ ȋȈȓȍȘȍȐ (șȊȖȍȋȖ ȘȖȌȈ «șȈȓȖȕȣ» ȐȓȐ Ȏȍ «Ȓȓțȉȣ»). ǹȘȍȌȐ ȥȚȐȝ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȖȒ – «ǫȈȓȍȘȍȧ Ý»1, ȜȓțȒȚțȐȘțȦȡȍȍ «ǭȊȘȖȗȍȑșȒȖȍ ȒȈ-Ȝȍ» – ȗȘȖȍȒȚ ȗȖȘȚȈȓȈ «ǵȖȊȈȧ ǭȊȘȖȗȈ», ȗȖșȊȧȡȍȕȕȣȑ ȖșȔȣșȓȍ-ȕȐȦ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȗȖșȚȖȧȕȕȖ ȔȍȕȧȦȡȐȑ ȔȍșȚȖ «ȗȘȖ-ȗȐșȒȐ», ȔȐȋȘȐȘțȧ Ȑȏ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȒȈȜȍ Ȋ ȌȘțȋȖȍ2), Ȉ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȘȈȏȕȖȖȉȘȈȏ-ȕȣȍ ȉȈȘȣ Ȑ ȒȈȜȍ, ȋȌȍ ȖșțȡȍșȚȊȓȧȦȚșȧ ȒȐȕȖȒȓțȉȕȣȍ ȗȖȒȈȏȣ ș ȗȖ- 1 ǹȔ.: șȈȑȚ ǫȈȓȍȘȐȐ Ý // http://ygallery.by/exhibitions/0000256/ (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013). 2 ǹȔ. șȈȑȚ «ǵȖȊȖȑ ǭȊȘȖȗȣ» // http://n-europe.eu/eurocafe (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍ-ȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013).

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șȓȍȌțȦȡȐȔȐ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧȔȐ. ǬȊȈ ȋȖȌȈ ȕȈȏȈȌ ȗȖȧȊȐȓȈșȤ Ȑ ȊȐȘȚț-ȈȓȤȕȈȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȈȧ ȗȓȖȡȈȌȒȈ ȈȘȚ-șȖȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌ șȐȔȗȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȕȣȔ ȕȈȏȊȈȕȐȍȔ «ǨȘȚ ǨȒȚȐȊȐșȚ»1 (ȗȘȖȍȒȚ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ Ȑ ȈȘȚ-ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ ǹȍȘ-ȋȍȧ ȀȈȉȖȝȐȕȈ). ǩȖȓȍȍ ȚȖȋȖ, Ȋ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȍ ȋȖȌȣ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗȖȌ «ȒȘȣ-Ƞȍȑ» ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ (ȐȓȐ ȔȍȌȐȑȕȖ-ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ) ȗȘȖȍȒȚȖȊ șȚȈȓȐ ȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȣȔȐ ȔȕȖȋȐȍ ȊȍȡȐ, Ȗ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȕȈ ȗȖȓȍ ȗȘȧȔȖȋȖ Ȍȍȑ-șȚȊȐȧ ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ ȉȣȓȖ ȉȣ ȌȈȎȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚȤ, ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ ȌȍȓȈȚȤ. ǷȖ-ȎȈȓțȑ, ȔȖȎȕȖ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ șȍȑȟȈș Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ «ȉțȘȓȐȚ» ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȍ, Ȑ ȥȚȖ ȖșȖȉȍȕȕȖ ȒȖȕȚȘȈșȚȐȘțȍȚ ș ȏȈȚȐȠȤȍȔ ȕȈ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȞȍȕȍ. ǵȍ țȌȐȊȐȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȔȈȘȋȐȕȈ-ȓȐȏȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȐȓȐ ȚȈȉțȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȣȍ ȖȜȐȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȔ ȌȐșȒțȘșȖȔ ȗȘȖ-ȉȓȍȔȣ (ȖȚ ȐȕȚȍȘȗȘȍȚȈȞȐȐ ȕȈȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȐșȚȖȘȐȐ ȌȖ ȊȖȗȘȖșȈ Ȗ ȋȘȈȎȌȈȕșȒȐȝ ȗȘȈȊȈȝ) ȖȉșțȎȌȈȦȚșȧ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȐȓȐ ȗȖ șȓȍȌȈȔ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ.

Ǫ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȕȈȔȍȟȈȦȡȐȍșȧ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ ȘȖșȚȒȐ ȒȖȕșȖȓȐȌȈȞȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ ȊȖȊșȍ ȕȍ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȦȚ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘț-șȐ șȓȖȎȐȓȐșȤ țșȓȖȊȐȧ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ». ǪȖ-ȗȍȘȊȣȝ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȒȖȕșȚȈȚȐȘȖȊȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ Ȗȗȍ-ȘȍȌȐȓȈ ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒțȦ. ǪȖ-ȊȚȖȘȣȝ, Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȗȖ-ȗȘȍȎȕȍȔț ȕȍȚ «ȗȐȚȈȚȍȓȤȕȖȑ» șȘȍȌȣ (Ț.ȍ. ȗȘȐșțȡȐȝ ȘȈȏȊȐȚȖȔț ȒȈ-ȗȐȚȈȓȐȏȔț ȜȖȘȔ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȞȐȖȕȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ, șȖȖȚ-ȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȑ ȐȕȜȘȈșȚȘțȒȚțȘȣ, ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ ȜȐȕȈȕșȐȘȖ-ȊȈȕȐȧ Ȑ ȖȗȣȚȈ ȒțȘȈȚȖȘșȚȊȈ ȗȖȌȖȉȕȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȖȊ2), ȝȖȚȧ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȣȑ «ȏȈȗȘȖș» ȕȈ ȈȒȚțȈȓȤȕȖȍ, ȗȘȐȟȍȔ șȖȞȐȈȓȤȕȖ-ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ șțȡȍșȚȊțȍȚ. Ǫ-ȚȘȍȚȤȐȝ, ȕȍ șȚȖȐȚ șȉȘȈșȣȊȈȚȤ

1 ǹȔ. șȈȑȚ ȎțȘȕȈȓȈ „Art Activist“ // http://artaktivist.org (ȌȈȚȈ ȖȉȘȈȡȍȕȐȧ: 8.12.2013). 2 ǶȗȣȚ ȘȍȈȓȐȏȈȞȐȐ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈ „Going Public“ (ȗȘȐ ȗȖȌȌȍȘȎȒȍ ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ǫȍȚȍ, ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȐȊȠȍȋȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȖȊ Ȑ ȈȘȚ-ȒȘȐȚȐȒȖȊ Ȑȏ ǲȈȓȐȕȐȋȘȈȌȈ, ǪȐȓȤȕȦșȈ, ǴȐȕșȒȈ Ȑ ǳȍȑȗȞȐȋȈ (http://www.goethe.de/ins/lt/prj/gop/ enindex.htm)) ȊȣȧȊȐȓ Ȋșȍ ȊȣȠȍȖȉȖȏȕȈȟȍȕȕȣȍ ȗȘȖȉȓȍȔȣ, ȊȒȓȦȟȈȧ ȗȘȖ-ȉȓȍȔț ȊȏȈȐȔȖȖȚȕȖȠȍȕȐȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȋȘȈȕȚȖȌȈȚȍȓȧȔȐ, ȒțȘȈȚȖȘȈȔȐ, ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-ȒȈȔȐ Ȑ ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ. Ǫșȍ ȥȚȐ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȘȍȟȐȧ ȘȍȓȤȍȜȕȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ, ȒȖȋȌȈ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ǴȐȝȈȐȓ ǫțȓȐȕ, ȖȌȐȕ Ȑȏ țȟȈșȚȕȐȒȖȊ ȗȘȖȍȒȚȈ, ȉȣȓ ȈȘȍ-șȚȖȊȈȕ ȏȈ «ȕȍșȈȕȒȞȐȖȕȐȘȖȊȈȕȕțȦ» ȈȘȚ-ȈȒȞȐȦ Ȋ ǴȐȕșȒȍ, Ȉ ȌȐȘȍȒȚȖȘ ȔȐȕșȒȖȋȖ ȖȚȌȍȓȍȕȐȧ ǫȍȚȍ-ǰȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ ȚțȚ Ȏȍ șȕȧȓ ș șȍȉȧ ȊșȧȒțȦ ȖȚȊȍȚșȚ-ȊȍȕȕȖșȚȤ ȏȈ ȗȘȖȍȒȚ Ȋ ȞȍȓȖȔ. ǽțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȉȣȓ ȚȈȒȎȍ țȊȖȓȍȕ Ȑȏ ȐȕșȚȐȚțȚȈ, ȋȌȍ Ȗȕ ȕȈ ȚȖȚ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȘȍȗȖȌȈȊȈȓ, ȕȖ ȗȘȐȔȍȟȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȌȍȓȖ Ȋ șțȌȍ ȉȣ-ȓȖ ȊȣȐȋȘȈȕȖ (Ȋ ȚȖȔ ȟȐșȓȍ ȉȓȈȋȖȌȈȘȧ ȕȍȖșȗȖȘȐȔȖȔț șȊȐȌȍȚȍȓȤșȚȊț – ȗȖ-ȒȈȏȈȕȐȧȔ ȊȐȌȍȖȒȈȔȍȘ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ, șȖȋȓȈșȕȖ ȓȖȋȐȒȍ șȓȍȌșȚȊȐȧ, ȌȖȓȎȕȣ ȉȣ-ȓȐ ȗȖȌȚȊȍȘȌȐȚȤ ȗȖȒȈȏȈȕȐȧ «ȗȖȚȍȘȗȍȊȠȐȝ» ǶǴǶǵȖȊȞȍȊ, ȟȚȖ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒ ȐȔ ȧȒȖȉȣ ȈȋȘȍșșȐȊȕȖ ȗȘȖȚȐȊȖȌȍȑșȚȊȖȊȈȓ, ȕȖ ȗȘȖșȔȖȚȘ ȊȐȌȍȖ ȌȖȒȈȏȈȓ ȘȖȊȕȣȔ șȟȍȚȖȔ ȖȉȘȈȚȕȖȍ).


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șȖ șȟȍȚȖȊ ȞȍȕȏțȘț Ȑ ȉȌȐȚȍȓȤȕȖșȚȤ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȘȍȗȘȍșșȐȊȕȣȝ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȊ, Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȣȝ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȈȒȞȐȧ, ȕȍ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȈȧ ȖȜȐȞȐ-ȈȓȤȕȖȔț ȗȘȍȌșȚȈȊȓȍȕȐȦ Ȗȉ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȍ Ȑ ȋȘȈȕȐȞȈȝ ȍȋȖ «ȌȖȏȊȖȓȍȕȕȖ-șȚȐ», ȖȗȈșȕȈ, Ȉ șȓȍȌȖȊȈȚȍȓȤȕȖ, ȗȘȖȡȍ ȍȍ ȏȈȗȘȍȚȐȚȤ, ȟȍȔ ȘȈȏȘȍȠȐȚȤ, Ȑ țȎ ȍșȓȐ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȧ Ȋ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȖ Ȋșȍ-ȚȈȒȐ șȖșȚȖȧ-ȓȈșȤ, ȚȖ ȏȈ ȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ (ȐȓȐ ȌȈȎȍ ȕȈȔȍȘȍȕȐȧ) ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒț ȗȘȐȌȍȚșȧ ȖȚȊȍȟȈȚȤ Ȋ șțȌȍ, ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȊȣȉȖȘ șȖȖȚȊȍȚșȚȊțȦȡȍȑ șȚȈȚȤȐ Ȋ ȈȌȔȐȕȐșȚȘȈȚȐȊȕȖȔ ȐȓȐ țȋȖȓȖȊȕȖȔ ȒȖȌȍȒșȍ ȏȈȊȐșȐȚ ȖȚ ȉȖȋȈȚșȚȊȈ ȊȖȖȉȘȈȎȍȕȐȧ ȖȉȊȐȕȐȚȍȓȍȑ Ȑ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȐȊȕȖșȚȐ șȐșȚȍȔȣ șțȌȖȗȘȖȐȏ-ȊȖȌșȚȊȈ. ǰȕȈȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ, Ȋ ǩȍȓȈȘțșȐ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ» ȕȍȊȖȏ-ȔȖȎȕȖ ȗȖȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ, ș ȖȌȕȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȘȈȔȒȈȝ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚ-Ȋȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ (ȐȓȐ Ȑȝ ȖȉșțȎȌȍȕȐȧ) ȘȍȈȓȐȏțȍȚșȧ șȖȊȍȘȠȍȕȕȖ ȖȗȘȍȌȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȧ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ, Ț.ȍ. ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȤ șȖȏȌȈȍȚșȧ ȊȖȒȘțȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ Ȑ ȗȖșȘȍȌ-șȚȊȖȔ șȈȔȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ. Ǩ ș ȌȘțȋȖȑ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ, ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȎȍȔ ȊȐȌȍȚȤ, ȋȘȈȕȐȞȣ ȔȍȎȌț ȥșȚȍȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȎȍșȚȈȔȐ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔȐ ȊȣșȒȈ-ȏȣȊȈȕȐȧȔȐ șȚȈȕȖȊȧȚșȧ Ȋșȍ ȉȖȓȍȍ ȗȘȐȏȘȈȟȕȣȔȐ.

ȅȗȐȓȖȋ

ǰȚȈȒ, ȖȚȊȍȟȈȧ ȕȈ ȗȖșȚȈȊȓȍȕȕȣȍ Ȋ ȕȈȟȈȓȍ ȥȚȖȋȖ ȚȍȒșȚȈ ȊȖȗȘȖșȣ, ȒȈșȈȦȡȐȍșȧ «ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖșȚȐ» ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ, ȧ ȉȣ ȖȚȔȍȚȐȓȈ șȓȍȌțȦȡȍȍ.

ǵȍ ȉțȌȍȚ ȗȘȍțȊȍȓȐȟȍȕȐȍȔ șȒȈȏȈȚȤ, ȟȚȖ Public Art – ȥȚȖ ȐșȒțșșȚ-ȊȖ, șȗȖșȖȉȕȖȍ ȗȘȍȌȊȖșȝȐȡȈȚȤ «ȜȐȋțȘȣ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ șȖȏȕȈȕȐȧ» (ȍșȓȐ ȗȖȏȈȐȔșȚȊȖȊȈȚȤ ȔȣșȓȤ ǨȓȍȕȈ ǩȈȌȤȦ) Ȑ, ȒȈȒ Ȕȣ ȔȖȋȓȐ țȉȍ-ȌȐȚȤșȧ ȕȈ ȗȘȐȔȍȘȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ șȖȉȣȚȐȑ ȗȖșȓȍȌȕȐȝ ȕȍșȒȖȓȤȒȐȝ ȓȍȚ, ȐȔȍȕȕȖ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȍ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȐ ȗȘȐȟȈșȚȕȣ Ȓ ȚȖȔț, ȟȚȖ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȕȈȏȊȈȚȤ ȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍȔ «ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ», Ȋ ȚȖȔ șȔȣșȓȍ, ȟȚȖ ȘȍȗȍȘȚțȈȘ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȝ ȗȘȐȍȔȖȊ, ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȍȕȕȣȝ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐ-ȒȈȔȐ, ȖȒȈȏȈȓșȧ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ țȔȍșȚȕȣȔ, ȕȖ Ȑ, ȔȖȎȍȚ ȉȣȚȤ, ȕȈȐȉȖȓȍȍ ȊȖșȚȘȍȉȖȊȈȕȕȣȔ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȝ țșȓȖȊȐȧȝ. ǼȓȥȠ-ȔȖȉȣ, ȔȖȓȟȈȓȐ-Ȋȣȍ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȣ, ȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȑ ȏȈȝȊȈȚ ȚȍȘȘȐȚȖȘȐȑ (ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ „Oc-cupy!”), ȋȘȈȜȜȐȚȐ, ȕȈȒȖȕȍȞ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȕȐȍ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȚȍȓȈ ȒȈȒ ȚȍȒșȚțȈȓȤȕȖȑ ȗȖȊȍȘȝȕȖșȚȐ Ȍȓȧ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȊȣșȒȈȏȣȊȈȕȐȧ (ȋȘțȗȗȈ FEMEN) – ȥȚȐ Ȑ ȌȘțȋȐȍ «ȜȖȘȔȣ» Ȑ «ȜȖȘȔȈȚȣ» șȖȗȘȖȚȐȊ-ȓȍȕȐȧ ȘȖȌȐȓȐșȤ Ȋ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȑ șȘȍȌȍ. ǷȖȥȚȖȔț ȋȖȊȖȘȧ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ» ȕȍȊȖȏȔȖȎȕȖ, ȧ ȐȔȍȦ Ȋ ȊȐȌț șȐȚțȈȞȐȦ, Ȍȓȧ ȒȖȚȖȘȖȑ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘȕȖ ȘȈȏȔȣȒȈȕȐȍ ȋȘȈȕȐȞ Ȑ ȐșȟȍȏȕȖ-ȊȍȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ, ȖȚȌȍȓȧȊȠȐȝ ȘȈȕȍȍ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȣȍ ȈȒȞȐȐ ȖȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȝ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȊ.

ǬȈȓȍȍ, Public Art – ȥȚȖ ȜȖȘȔȈ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ, ȕȖ Ȋ șȈȔȖȑ șȍȘȌȞȍȊȐȕȍ ȓȦȉȖȋȖ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ ȒȘȖȍȚșȧ ȜțȕȌȈȔȍȕȚȈȓȤȕȖȍ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȗȘȖȚȐ-

ȁȟȚȎțȜȐȎ

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ȊȖȘȍȟȐȍ. «ǷțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ» ȒȈȒ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȈȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒȈ, ȕȈȞȍȓȍȕȕȈȧ ȕȈ (Șȍ)ȈȕȐȔȈȞȐȦ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȑ șȜȍȘȣ, ȊȖȏȕȐȒȓȈ Ȑ șȓȖ-ȎȐȓȈșȤ Ȋ ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȈȝ ș ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȟȍșȒȐȔ ȘȍȎȐȔȖȔ ȗȘȈȊȓȍȕȐȧ, ȕȖ ȕȍ ȓȐȠȕȐȔ ȉțȌȍȚ ȊșȗȖȔȕȐȚȤ Ȗ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȌȍȔȖȒȘȈȚȐȐ «șȊȖȉȖȌȈ ȊȣȉȖȘȈ» ȗȖȒȖȐȚșȧ ȕȈ ȋȖșȗȖȌșȚȊȍ șȊȖȉȖȌȕȖȋȖ ȘȣȕȒȈ. ǰ ȒȈȒ ȖȚȔȍȟȈ-ȍȚ ǮȈȒ ǸȈȕșȤȍȘ, ȋȓȈȊȕȣȑ ȗȈȘȈȌȖȒș șȖșȚȖȐȚ Ȋ ȚȖȔ, ȟȚȖ șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȓȦ-ȉȖȑ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚ ȖȉȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȍȚșȧ ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȖȔ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȘȣȕȒȈ, ȕȖ Ȋ ȒȖȕȍȟ-ȕȖȔ șȟȍȚȍ șȈȔ șȚȈȕȖȊȐȚșȧ ȚȖȊȈȘȖȔ [ǸȈȕșȤȍȘ, 2007]. ǷȘȖȚȍșȚ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ «ȘȣȕȒȈ» ȗȘȐȕȐȔȈȍȚ ȚȈȒȎȍ ȜȖȘȔț ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ ȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȐȧ (ȊȓȈșȚȤȦ Ȑ ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȖȔ) ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȣȝ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊ, ȕȖ ȗȖ șțȚȐ ȥȚȖ ȚȈȒȎȍ șȓȍȌțȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ ȗȖȗȣȚȒț ȖȚȟțȎȌȍȕȐȧ ȗȘȈȊȈ «șȖȉ-șȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ» (ȕȈ ȋȖȘȖȌ), Ț.ȍ. ȐȌȍȧ ȏȈȗȖȓțȟȍȕȐȧ «ȗȘȈȊȈ»1 Ȋ șȊȖȍȑ Ȗș-ȕȖȊȍ ȧȊȓȧȍȚșȧ ȐȌȍȍȑ șȖȉșȚȊȍȕȕȖșȚȐ (ȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ) (ȒȈȒ ȖȌȕȖȋȖ Ȑȏ țșȓȖȊȐȑ Ȍȓȧ ȜȖȘȔȐȘȖȊȈȕȐȧ șțȊȍȘȍȕȕȖȋȖ șțȉȢȍȒȚȈ).

ǻȟȐȚȣȊȈȧ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȗȖȏȌȕȍȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐșȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ ȥȒȖȕȖȔȐȒȐ ș ȗȘȐȊȐȓȍȋȐȘȖȊȈȕȕȖȑ ȘȖȓȤȦ ȒȘȍȈȚȐȊȕȣȝ ȐȕȌțșȚȘȐȑ, ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ Ȋ «ȖȉȡȍșȚȊȍ șȗȍȒȚȈȒȓȧ» ȊșȍȋȌȈ ȕȈȝȖȌȐȚșȧ Ȋ ȏȖȕȍ ȘȐșȒȈ: ȖȕȖ ș ȓȍȋȒȖ-șȚȤȦ ȔȖȎȍȚ ȖȒȈȏȈȚȤșȧ ȗȖȚȘȍȉȓȍȕȕȣȔ ȒȈȒ ȍȡȍ ȖȌȐȕ ȊȐȌ ȘȈȏȊȓȍȟȍ-ȕȐȧ, Ȉ ȓȦȉȈȧ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȈȧ ȐȕȚȍȘȊȍȕȞȐȧ Ȋ ȒȈȒȖȑ-ȚȖ ȔȖȔȍȕȚ ȗȘȐȖȉ-ȘȍȚȈȍȚ ȝȈȘȈȒȚȍȘ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȏȈ șȚȈȊȒȐ Ȋ ȔȐȘȍ ȈȘȚ-ȉȐȏȕȍșȈ (ȗȖșȒȖȓȤȒț ȟȍȘȍȏ ȔȍȌȐȑȕțȦ ȗȖȗțȓȧȘȕȖșȚȤ ȗȘȐȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȚșȧ șȐȔȊȖȓȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȒȈ-ȗȐȚȈȓ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȕȈȟȐȕȈȍȚ ȘȈȉȖȚȈȚȤ ȕȈ ǰȔȧ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ). ǷȖ-ȥȚȖȔț, ȕȍșȔȖȚȘȧ ȕȈ ȚȖ, ȟȚȖ Ȍȓȧ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȖ ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ ȐȔȍȍȚ ȗȍȘȊȖșȚȍȗȍȕȕțȦ ȏȕȈȟȐȔȖșȚȤ, ȍȌȐȕșȚȊȍȕȕȣȔ, ȝȖȚȧ Ȑ ȊȍșȤȔȈ ȘȈȌȐȒȈȓȤȕȣȔ, șȘȍȌșȚȊȖȔ ȉȖȘȤȉȣ ȗȘȖȚȐȊ «ȒȈȗȐȚȈȓȐȏȈ-ȞȐȐ» ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȉȣȓ ȉȣ șȖȏȕȈȚȍȓȤȕȣȑ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȖȚ ȊȐȌȐȔȖșȚȐ ȟȍȘȍȏ ȗȖȓȕțȦ ȈȕȖȕȐȔȕȖșȚȤ ǨȊȚȖȘȈ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ Ȋ ȓȦȉȖȔ șȓțȟȈȍ ȖșȚȈȍȚșȧ ȈȊȚȖȘȖȔ ǹȖȉȣȚȐȧ, ȕȖ ȗȍȘȍșȚȈȍȚ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤșȧ ȒȈȒ ȈȊȚȖȘ Ȋ ȗȓȈȕȍ ȗȘȈȊȖȖȉȓȈȌȈȕȐȧ – ȕȈ șȔȣșȓ, ȕȈ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȍ ȐȓȐ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȣȍ ȥȜȜȍȒȚȣ, ȕȈ șȈȔț ȐȏȖȉȘȍȚȈȍȔțȦ ȐȔ ȜȖȘȔț ȗȘȖȚȍșȚȈ (ȒȈȒ ȖȗȘȍȌȍ-ȓȍȕȕȣȑ ȜȖȘȔȈȚ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȑ ȔȖȎȕȖ ȏȈȚȍȔ ȗȘȖȌȈȚȤ Ȑ ȕȍȖȌȕȖȒȘȈȚȕȖ ȐșȗȖȓȤȏȖȊȈȚȤ)2. ǰȕȈȟȍ ȋȖȊȖȘȧ, ȘȍȜȓȍȒșȐȊȕȣȑ ȊȣȉȖȘ ȝțȌȖȎȕȐȒȈ, ȖșȖȏȕȈȦȡȍȋȖ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȤ ȒȖȔȔȖȌȐȜȐȒȈȞȐȐ ȝțȌȖȎȍșȚȊȍȕȕȖȋȖ ȎȍșȚȈ, Ȋ ȗȖȓȤȏț ȈȕȖȕȐȔȕȖșȚȐ Ȑ «ȉȍșȒȖȘȣșȚȕȖșȚȐ» ȗȖșȚțȗȒȈ, ȕȍșȖȔȕȍȕȕȖ, ȔȖȎȕȖ ȘȈșșȔȈȚȘȐȊȈȚȤ ȒȈȒ șȚȘȈȚȍȋȐȦ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȋȖ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȈ ȗȖ ȗȘȍ-ȌȖȚȊȘȈȡȍȕȐȦ «ȗȘȐșȊȖȍȕȐȧ», ȕȖ Ȋ ȚȖ Ȏȍ ȊȘȍȔȧ ȖȚȒȈȏ ȖȚ ȈȊȚȖȘșȚȊȈ Ȑ ȐȕȌȐȊȐȌțȈȓȐȏȔȈ ȊȖ Ȋșȍȝ ȍȋȖ ȗȘȖȧȊȓȍȕȐȧȝ, Ȋ șȊȖȦ ȖȟȍȘȍȌȤ, ȗȘȐȊȖ-

1 ǹȐȔȗȚȖȔȈȚȐȟȕȖ, ȟȚȖ ȐȏȊȍșȚȕȈȧ ȒȕȐȋȈ ǬȥȊȐȌȈ ǽȈȘȊȐ ȕȈȏȣȊȈȍȚșȧ „The Right to the City“. 2 ǸȈȏȊȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ „Occupy!” ȕȍ ȊȣȓȐȓȖșȤ ȐȔȍȕȕȖ Ȋ ȚȈȒȖȑ «ȖȚȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȘȖ-ȊȈȕȕȣȑ» ȗȘȖȚȍșȚ?


147

ȌȐȚ Ȓ ȘȈȏȘțȠȍȕȐȦ Țȍȝ ȝȘțȗȒȐȝ ȗȍȘȍȋȖȘȖȌȖȒ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȌȖ ȕȍȌȈȊȕȍȋȖ ȊȘȍȔȍȕȐ ȖȚȌȍȓȧȓȐ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȖȚ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ ȚȖȓȗȣ.

ǵȈȒȖȕȍȞ, șȍȋȖȌȕȧ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȟȍșȒȐ ȗȖȊșȍȔȍșȚȕȖ (Ȑ ȕȍ ȚȖȓȤȒȖ Ȋ ǩȍ-ȓȈȘțșȐ) Ȕȣ ȕȈȉȓȦȌȈȍȔ țșȐȓȍȕȐȍ ȒȖȕȚȘȖȓȧ șȖ șȚȖȘȖȕȣ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȝ ȘȍȎȐȔȖȊ ș ȗȘȐșțȡȍȑ ȐȔ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑșȒȖȑ ȓȖȋȐȒȖȑ. ǸȈȏȊȖȘȈȟȐȊȈȕȐȍ ȗȍȘȜȖȘȔȈȚȐȊȕȖȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ Ȋ ȋȖȘȖȌșȒȖȔ ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȍ ȕȈȗȘȧȔțȦ șȊȧȏȈȕȖ ș ȚȍȝȕȖȓȖȋȐȟȍșȒȐȔ țșȖȊȍȘȠȍȕșȚȊȖȊȈȕȐȍȔ ȚȖȚȈȓȐȚȈȘȕȣȝ ȚȍȝȕȐȒ, ȐșȗȖȓȤȏțȍȔȣȝ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȣȔȐ ȊȓȈșȚȕȣȔȐ ȘȍȎȐȔȈȔȐ. ǫȍ-ȘȈȓȤȌ ǸȈțȕȐȋ, ȗȖȌȕȐȔȈȧ ȊȖȗȘȖș Ȗȉ ȖȗȈșȕȖșȚȐ, ȋȘȖȏȧȡȍȑ «ȈȘȚ-ȈȒȚȐȊȐșȚȈȔ», ȋȖȊȖȘȐȚ Ȗ «ȕȖȊȖȔ ȒȈȟȍșȚȊȍ ȈȚȈȒ ȕȈ ȗȘȈȒȚȐȒț ȒȘȐȚȐ-ȒȐ»: «ǷȘȐ Ȋșȍ ȊȖȏȘȈșȚȈȦȡȍȔ ȖȚȖȎȌȍșȚȊȓȍȕȐȐ ȊȖȍȕȕȣȝ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȞȍȑ-șȒȐȝ ȔȍȘ Ȑ ȗȘȐ șȕȧȚȐȐ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȐȑ ȔȍȎȌț ȊȕȍȠȕȐȔȐ Ȑ ȊȕțȚȘȍȕȕȐȔȐ ȊȘȈȋȈȔȐ ȒȘȐȚȐȒȈ Ȑ ȒȘȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȚȍȘȧȦȚ șȊȖȦ ȖȚȕȖșȐ-ȚȍȓȤȕțȦ ȈȊȚȖȕȖȔȐȦ Ȑ ȖȒȈȏȣȊȈȦȚșȧ ȗȖȌ ȗȘȐȞȍȓȖȔ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊȍȕȕȖ-ȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȈ» [ǸȈțȕȐȋ, 2012. ǹ. 205].

ȅȚȖ ȖȏȕȈȟȈȍȚ, ȟȚȖ Ȋ șȖȊȘȍȔȍȕȕȖȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȕȖȑ Ȑ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȑ șȐȚțȈȞȐȐ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ ȐșȒțșșȚȊȖ ȖȉȘȍȟȍȕȖ ȕȈ ȘȍȊȖȓȦȞȐȖȕȕțȦ șȚȐ-ȝȐȦ, Ț.ȍ. ȕȈ ȉȍȏȖșȚȈȕȖȊȖȟȕȖȍ, ȕȖȔȈȌȐȟȍșȒȖȍ ȌȊȐȎȍȕȐȍ Ȑ ȕȈ ȗȖȋȓȖ-ȡȍȕȐȍ ȘȈȏȓȐȟȕȣȔȐ ȜȖȘȔȈȔȐ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȖȋȖ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȐȏȔȈ. ǺȖ, ȟȚȖ ȗȘȐ ȥȚȖȔ ȖȉȢȍȌȐȕȧȍȚ ȗȖȓȐȚȐȟȍșȒȐȑ ȈȒȞȐȖȕȐȏȔ Ȑ ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖȍ Ȑș-ȒțșșȚȊȖ, ȥȚȖ Ȑȝ ȖȉȡȈȧ țșȚȈȕȖȊȒȈ ȕȈ ȊȖȏȘȖȎȌȍȕȐȍ «ȗțȉȓȐȟȕȖșȚȐ» ȗȖȓȐȚȐȒȐ Ȑ ȒțȓȤȚțȘȣ Ȑ Ȗȉȡȍȍ șȚȘȍȔȓȍȕȐȍ șȖȏȌȈȊȈȚȤ (ȝȖȚȧ ȉȣ ȕȈ ȊȘȍȔȧ) ȗȘȖșȚȘȈȕșȚȊȈ Ȍȓȧ ȐȏȔȍȕȍȕȐȧ Ȑ ȥȔȈȕșȐȗȈȞȐȐ, ȒȖȚȖȘȣȍ ȕȍ ȗȘȐȕȈȌȓȍȎȈȓȐ ȉȣ ȕȐ ȋȖșțȌȈȘșȚȊț ș ȍȋȖ ȈȗȗȈȘȈȚȖȔ ȊȓȈșȚȐ, ȕȐ ȒȈȗȐ-ȚȈȓȐȏȔț.

ǹȗȐșȖȒ ȐșȚȖȟȕȐȒȖȊ

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