Optical Mark Recognition based Attendance System

ASynopsis Report On

OMR BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM

Submitted By

SAYYED DAUD 101P019MULLA MOIN 101P030KHAN ABDUL KADIR 101P017KHAN MAINUDDEEN 101P024

Under the guidance of

Prof. SHIBURAJ PAPPU

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering[B. E. Computer Engineering]

[2013 - 2014]at

Department of Computer Engineering

Rizvi College of EngineeringNew Rizvi Educational Complex, Off-Carter Road,

Bandra(w), Mumbai - 400050

Affiliated to

University of Mumbai

CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that

SAYYED DAUDKHAN ABDUL KADIRKHAN MAINUDDEEN

MULLA MOIN

of B.E. Computer Engineering have successfully submitted synopsis report on “OMR Based Atten-dance System”, in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineeringunder the guidance of “Shiburaj Pappu”, from Rizvi College of Engineering, Bandra(W),Mumbai inthe year 2013-14.

Prof. Shiburaj Pappu Prof.Internal Project Guide External project guide

Prof. Dinesh B. Deore Dr. Varsha ShahHOD, Computer Department Principal RCOE

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date:

Acknowledgements

I am profoundly grateful to Prof.Shiburaj Pappu for his expert guidance and continuous encourage-ment throughout to see that this project rights its target since its commencement to its completion.

I would like to express deepest appreciation towards Dr. Varsha Shah, Principal RCOE, Mumbai andProf. Dinesh B. Deore, HoD (Computer Department)whose invaluable guidance supported me in com-pleting this project.

I am particularly grateful to (External Guide) (If Any) (COMPANY NAME)who allows me to work inthe company.

At last I must express my sincere heartfelt gratitude to all the staff members of (Computer Department)who helped me directly or indirectly during this course of work.

SAYYED DAUD

KHAN ABDUL KADIR

KHAN MAINUDDEEN

MULLA MOIN

ABSTRACT

This project is actually an application that we are developing which enables implementation of OMRusing an ordinary scanner.Our project is to implement attendance system for our college using OMRtechnique.A sheet containing blank circles will be passed to mark attendance instead of signatures.The counting of attendance and their storage in database will be done automatically using this soft-ware.Defaulter list will also get prepared by clicking a single button.

Keywords : OMR-optical mark recoginition

Index

1 Introduction 1

2 Problem Statement & Objectives 22.1 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

3 Literature Survey 33.1 Paper1-A Low-Cost OMR Solution for Educational Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1.2 Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.1.3 Disadvantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

4 Theory, Methodology and Algorithm 44.1 System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.2 Image Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.3 Steps Involved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4.3.1 Design the form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.3.2 Create a template for the marked areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3.3 Tilt correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3.4 Use image processing to accentuate the marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.3.5 Find the marks using the template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.3.6 Mark recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

5 Plan of Work & Project Status 85.1 Scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

6 Summary 9

References 10

APPENDICES 10

A eReport Details 11

List of Figures

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1

Introduction

Optical Mark Recognition (OMR), also called mark sensing, is a technique to sense the presence orabsence of marks by recognizing their depth (darkness) on sheet [1,4]. A mark is a response positionon the questionnaire sheet that is filled with pencil or ballpoint pen. The way of marking is simple toeveryone and OMR device can process mark information on sheets rapidly. Thus, OMR has been widelyused as a direct input device for data of censuses and surveys and is fit for handling discrete data, whosevalues fall into a limited number of values.

OMR is a technology that detects the absence or presence of a mark, but not the shape of the mark.OMR software interprets the output from the scanner, and translates it into the desired ASCII output.Forms are scanned through an scanner. The forms contain small circles, referred to as bubbles, or boxesthat are filled in by the respondent. Optical Mark Reader (OMR) reads marks written by pencil orballpoint pen in the pre-defined positions on the attendance sheet. The OMR can judge the existence ofwritten marks by recognizing their darkness on the sheet.

In the field of education, OMR technique is often used to process objective questions in the examina-tion, such as College Board’s Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)in the United States, and the College English Test (CET) in China. However, there are a few distinctdrawbacks which limit the application of OMR technology.

In this process there are two fundamental forces that form the basis of evolutionary systems.

• First, the questionnaire sheets which can be processed by OMR devices must be 90−110 gsm(gramsper square meter, unit of paper weight). Such high quality papers are much more expensive thanthe common plain papers 60−70 gsm and general schools can not afford to use them in commonexams.

• Second, the high precision layout of standard questionnaire sheet is required. The questionnairesheets must be precisely designed and printed. The printing and cutting slips need to be and 0.2mm or even less which can only be obtained through professional printing house].Finally, OMRmachine is dedicated device that can only be used to process OMR sheets. This is a burden carriedby the colleges.

In this paper, attendance calculating using OMR technique is presented. Besides implementing allthe functions of the traditional OMR, our system will supports plain sheets (70 gsm or less) and lowprinting quality attendance sheets and digitally storing of information is also done.

The implementation is done using Java. We are using Net beans IDE so as to easily manage thegraphical layout and all the resources. For the GUI,java was chosen mainly because of its platformindependence and lightweight of the components in java swing.

Rizvi College of Engineering, Bandra, Mumbai. 1

Chapter 2 Problem Statement & Objectives

Chapter 2

Problem Statement & Objectives

In every colleges, an attendance sheet is passed for making the attendance to the student. If we considerapprox. 80 student in a class for 1 subject then it require 4 sheets of attendance for 2 weeks. likewisethere may be 5 or 6 subject ,so for one month they may require 48 sheet .similarly there may be 4semester of different year(F.E,S.E,T.EandB.E) in six month. so the total may increased to approx 200sheets for six months. Similarly there may be six branch of engg., so the count goes on and on.

For making defaulter list, Each staff members need to count the no. of attendance of a particularstudent. It takes time as well as energy if something went wrong. Then the calculated attendance isgiven to a person for making defaulter list. All the data is manipulated according to cut off of defaulter.Again it take Time as well as man power.

2.1 Objectives

• First, Our project aim is to implement the attendance system for our college using OMR tech-nique.This application will help reduce the tedious work of staff members.

• Second, Since traditional way of making defaulter list requires lots of time as well as attendancesheets,this problem can be solved by our application.

• Third, This application can be implemented at institutes level,which will bring a tremendous changein the trend of Educational system record management.

• Fourth, Another main objective of this application is to make the process of making defaulter listmore speedy,more accurate and cost efficiency.


Chapter 3 Literature Survey

Chapter 3

Literature Survey

3.1 Paper1-A Low-Cost OMR Solution for Educational Applications

Hui Deng, Feng Wang, Bo Liang Computer Technology Appliance Key Lab of Yunnan Province,Kunming University of Science and Technology, China, 650051 [email protected], [email protected],[email protected]

3.1.1 Summary

Mark Recognition (OMR) is a traditionaldata input technique and an important humancomputer inter-action technique which is widely used ineducation testing. Aimed at the drawbacks of Optical cur-rentOMR technique, a new image-based low cost OMRtechnique is presented in the paper. The newtechniqueis capable of processing thin papers and low-printingprecision answer sheets. The system keytechniquesand relevant implementations, which include the imagescan, tilt correction, scanning errorcorrection,regional deformation correction and mark recognition,are presented. This new technique isproved robust andeffective by the processing results of large amount ofquestionnaires.

3.1.2 Advantages

LCOMR has following advantages:-1. A Microsoft Word macro-based sheet designtechnique to simplify the design of questionnaire.2. Low cost image-based OMR technique and theimages can be obtained from any kinds of scanner.3. Global and regional area image deformationcorrections to improve the recognition precision.As a complex procedure, LCOMR system consists of four main parts:-

• OMR sheet design

• Imageacquisition

• Deformation correction

• Markrecognition

3.1.3 Disadvantages

1.The distortion of the thin paper is critical to affectthe final recognition precision.2.Ink infiltration is the main reason of recognitionerror. The plain paper (70 gsm or less) is easy tobeinfiltrated, so the writing on the rear side will infiltrateto the front side. This will cause the error ofOMRrecognition.


Chapter 4 Theory, Methodology and Algorithm

Chapter 4

Theory, Methodology and Algorithm

4.1 System Design

This System is programmed using java and some native libraries. The system can be deployed onany operating system since whole system will be done in java (platform independent).Aimed at thedrawbacks of traditional OMR, our system will have following Advantages.

1. A Microsoft PowerPoint-based sheet design technique to simplify the design of attendance sheets.2. The sheets can be scanned from any kinds of scanner.3. Image tilts correction to improve the recognition precision. As a complex procedure, our system

consists of four main parts: OMR sheet design, image Acquisition, Tilt correction and mark recognition.

4.2 Image Acquisition

• In our study, high speed scanner is used to acquire the images of attendance sheets.

• Twain and ISIS scan interfaces are both supported.

• The average processing speed is more than 50 pages per minute.

• Image data are transferred from scanner to computer and stored in memory of the computer withTIF image format.

Flow chart of image acquisition process is given below.

chart.png

The figure above shows the control flow of a typical image acquisition process.Once the image isacquired from the source,it is passed to another process of application.



4.3 Steps Involved

There are five basic steps to perform OMR technique:-1. Design the form.2. Create a template for the marked areas.3. Perform 2D transforms on the scanned image to align and size it correctly (Tilt correction).4. Use image processing to accentuate the marks.5. Find the marks using the template.

4.3.1 Design the form

There are many pre-printed OMR forms on the market for you to start from, but the principles are easyif you want to design your own. You have to design a form that is:

1. Easy for software to quickly align, move and scale so that it can be read2. Easy for software to remove uninteresting parts for easier processing.

Heres a simple example:-

Layout of attendance sheet

The main thing to do in designing the form is to make it easy to process later. Once we scan the form,we will have to make sure that it is properly aligned and scaled so that the template that we make willmatch the scanned image.

To help with this, I have placed a half-inch two timing circle in the top-left and bottom right marginin the fixed position. This will be easy to find later, and all of my coordinates in the template will bebased on the location of this circles

5


4.3.2 Create a template for the marked areas

The template is simply the locations of areas where you want to find marks. You have to do a couple ofthings to get this right.1. Choose a DPI that you will scan the image. It can be different from this in reality (you will scale), butyou need to pick one to take the pixel coordinate positions. I will use 150 DPI.2. Choose an origin that you can easily locate later. I am going to use the center of my two circles.

This template can be represented as a list of locations, but since it is so regular, we can also representthe template with this code:

When we find the maker we will determine its center and scale relative to our standard. Given thatthis function will tell you the circle (on your image) of a given attendance bubble.

4.3.3 Tilt correction

Paper sheets, especially relatively thinner sheets (70gsm or less), will be tilt when the sheets pass throughscanner. Such tilt will seriously affect the precision of OMR recognition. Taking advantage of the twocircular marks in the top left and top right of the questionnaire, this unwelcome effect of tilting can berectified. Figure shows the tilt angle and Equation 1 is used to calculate the tilt angle. The whole imagerotate degrees to correct tilt error.

we can also correct tilt with this code:

With the scale and position of the center, we now call the locateConcentricCircles() function wewrote earlier.

4.3.4 Use image processing to accentuate the marks

When we designed the form, we deliberately used a drop-out color for the answer bubbles. The reasonwe did that was so that we could easily find and remove them from our image. Heres the code:

6


4.3.5 Find the marks using the template

To find out which bubbles are filled in, we need to loop through all of the bubbles in a column, figureout where they are in the image, and then look at the pixels in that location and see if the bubble looksfilled in. Since we have dropped out the black in the area, filled in bubbles will be easy to find. First weneed to look at the rectangle over the answer bubble and count up the number of dark pixels:

4.3.6 Mark recognition

After coordinate system is constructed, marks recognition becomes an easy task. Two status of markshould be estimated, one is filled, and another is blank. We adopted a simple method to estimate themark filled or not. In current system, the threshold of filled status is set to 0.4. It means if the cover rateis more than 40

7

Chapter 5 Plan of Work & Project Status

Chapter 5

Plan of Work & Project Status

5.1 Scheduling

The following table shows the expected flow of work for the accomplishment of the required result.

Table 5.1: Plan of WorkNo. Describtion Duration Complexity Status

1 Literature Survey of basics of OMR Algorithm 1 week 4 Done2 Literature Survey of various methods available for

OMR technique (circle detection, position and ori-entation And Image manipulation)

3 weeks 5 Done

3 Literature Survey on Variants of OMR Algorithmfrom a practical point of view

2 weeks 6 Done

4 Coding: Environment setup (JAVA ) and buildingOMR template

1 week 2 Done

5 Literature Survey: Gathering information for at-tendance record keeping system through OMR

1 week 3 Done

6 Designing the template(form) 3 days 2 Done7 Coding: Image acquisition using jtwain API 2 week 4 Done8 Coding: Detection of single point on a plane paper 1 week 4 Pending9 Coding: Detection of Timing circle 1 week 3 Pending

10 Coding: Locating filled Marks(bubbles) 2 week 4 Pending11 Storing Attendance records in database 3 week 7 Pending12 Coding: Creating menu driven program of whole

s/y2 week 5 Pending

13 User interface For End-user 4 week 8 Pending14 Deployment of OMR based attendance System 1 week 5 Pending


Chapter 6 Summary

Chapter 6

Summary

This project is an application that perform OMR technique to extract students attendance using an ordi-nary scanner. It provides tools to the user to design an OMR sheet based on the layout they want. Thedesign of the sheet will be stored as image file format (Tiff). The user can take as many print outs asrequired, distribute it among others from whom information is desired, and get the filled sheets scanned.The scanned image files will then be provided as input to the software, processing will be done, valueof filled fields will be extracted and then the data will be manipulated as instructed by the user and thenstorage of data will be done in database.

OMR based Attendance system is a robust and low-cost OMR technique that can be adopted widelyin the developing countries. Partially resolves the drawbacks of traditional OMR technique and im-proves its usability.If this system is implemented successfully, the teachers of colleges will be capableof designing attendance sheets by themselves and the supervisor of colleges can adopt this technique toinvestigate the students attendance as well as their attention towards studies easily and quickly.


References

References

[1] Paper Name; Author Name, Conference Name, year etc

[2] Paper Name; Author Name, Conference Name, year etc

[3] ”Adaptive Steady State Genetic Algorithm for scheduling university exams”,AlSharafat W.S.; Al-Sharafat M.S., Networking and Information Technology (ICNIT), 2010 International Conferenceon , vol., no., pp.70-74, 11-12 June 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICNIT.2010.5508555

[4] http://google.com


eReport Details

Appendix A

eReport Details

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