Open Source Society

2014/2015

School of Business

MSc in Global

Financial Information

Systems (GFIS) Rok Piletic

INDIVIDUAL PAPER 2 Module: Seminar Series

Module Facilitators: Dr. Sheila O’Donohoe and Mr Gerard Arthurs

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STATEMENT OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP

All coursework submitted for assessment must be accompanied by a suitably completed, signed

copy of this sheet.

NAME: Rok Piletič

CLASS: MSc in Global Financial Information Systems

STUDENT ID:

TITLE OF ASSIGNMENT: Open Source Society - Individual paper 2

DATE OF SUBMISSION:

FORMAT: Academic paper - format (Page Numbers 24)

I certify that this is my own work and that the use of material from other sources has been properly

and fully acknowledged in the text. I understand that the normal consequence of cheating in any

element of an examination or assessment, if proven, is that the relevant Faculty Members will be

directed to take penalizing action against the student with regards to final marks.

NOTE: You are reminded that you should retain all coursework in your portfolio as it will be required for inspection by

Faculty Members at the time of finals.

SIGNED: DATE: Waterford, 8.12.2014

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Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1. Open Source software ................................................................................................................ 5

2. From ‘Open Source Education’ to ‘Democratic Education’ ........................................................ 8

3. Open Source Economy - New Monetary Economy ................................................................... 11

4. Venus Project ............................................................................................................................ 13

Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 15

Bibliography .......................................................................................................................................... 16

Appendixes ............................................................................................................................................ 19

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Introduction

“Life is not about competition but being present within an experience of change.”

Where is this global economy leading us today, the shift of power is moving from west to

east or from north to south. Technology is bringing changes in every sector financial, energy,

food, logistics, communications, education, organization. But is there just shift of power from

one region to another or is there a change coming in how we do things.

In one way it is seen by Robert David Steel a former Marine Corps infantry and intelligence

officer before he went to join CIA and later back to be director of Marine Corps Intelligence

Activity, where he was a deputy director and recognized as a leader of the Open Source

Intelligence paradigm (OSINT). Later he found and head up The Open Source Solution

Network Inc. and non-profit Earth Intelligence Network with Public Intelligence blog. With

an article in The Guardian topic “The open source revolution is coming and it will conquer

the 1% - ex CIA spy” (Ahmed, 2014).

The thinking of Steel was influenced by Ecological Economics pioneer Dr. Herman Daly and

his book Ecology of Commerce and Natural Capitalism and it influence the making of

“method” graphic, see Figure 1, where all major domains political-military, socio-economic,

ideo-cultural, techno-demographic, and natural-geographic were addressed (Steel, 2007).

Figure 1: Steels “method” graphic

Source: http://www.earth-intelligence.net/ (Steel, 2007)

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This article, reading and searching for suitable material for seminar series second assignment

and reading trough the synopsis of spekers, five topics were interesting to talk more about on

this matter of open source: Open source software, Open source education to Democratic

education, Open source Economy – New Monetary Economy and real life running project

‘Venus project’.

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1. Open Source software

“Open source software is software that can be freely used, changed, and shared (in modified

or unmodified form) by anyone. Open source software is made by many people, and

distributed under licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition. The Open Source

Initiative (OSI) is a global non-profit that supports and promotes the open source movement.

Among other things, we maintain the Open Source Definition, and a list of licenses that

comply with that definition. See our about and history pages for more.” (OSI, 2014). This is a

first statement of The Open Source Initiative web site that is the main point or standard for

open source software.

The “open source” label was created after release Netscape source code on February 3rd

, 1998

in Palo Alto, California. The term was supported also with Linus Torvalds (LINUX) and at

Free Software Summit in April 1998 by key individuals, including founders of Sendmail,

Pearl, Phyton, Apache and representatives of IETF and Internet Software Consortium (OSI,

2014). The laying ground was set by Richard Stallman but he prefers term “Free Software”.

He worked in Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT in the 1970’s and early 1980’ and had a

problem with operating system ITS as he wanted to get the source code to improve the

software on Xerox printers he could not get one from the Xerox company not even from a

friend developing this software as he had non-disclosure agreement with Xerox. To solve this

kind of problems he later created an operating system GNU that was UNIX compatible and

with software that have all the features editors, compilers and utilities to work and made first

release in 1985 with 150$ price. People started to ask him why he tells it is free software if

they have to pay for it. His response was: “One meaning refers to price, and another meaning

refers to freedom. When I speak of free software, I’m referring to freedom, not price. So

think of free speech, not free beer.” (Bretthauer, 2001, p. 5).

Stallman later defines his term of “free software”1:

You have the freedom to run the program, for any purpose.

You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make this

freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, since making

changes in a program without having the source code is exceedingly difficult.)

You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee.

1 Richard Stallman, “The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement,” in Open Sources:

Voices From the Open Source Revolution, edited by Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman, and Mark Stone (Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly & Associates, 1999), p. 56.

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You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that the

community can benefit from your improvements.

At the same time as Stallman, Bell labs were developing UNIX operating system which later

with Linus Torvalds on the basis of GNU and UNIX developed Linux kernel. His statement

was: “Do you pine for the nice days of Minix-1.1, when men were men and wrote their own

device drivers? Are you without a nice project and just dying to cut your teeth on an OS you

can try to modify for your own needs? Are you finding it frustrating when everything works

on Minix? No more all nighters to get a nifty program working? Then this post might just be

for you. As I mentioned a month ago, I’m working on a free version of a Minix-lookalike for

AT-386 computers. It has finally reached the stage where it’s even usable (though may not be

depending on what you want), and I am willing to put out the sources for wider distribution.

It is just version 0.02...but I’ve successfully run bash, gcc, gnu-make, gnu-sed, compress, etc.

under it”2. These leads to an era of open source software run on LINUX platform. Companies

like Oracle and IBM started to develop programs on open source platforms, Windows NT

operating system was developed on this platform. In 1998 Netscape browser and few years

later Mozzila project started and getting the open source to wide audience in battle for net

space held by Microsoft Explorer web browser. It took two decades to come with the term

“Open source”, by Christine Peterson and basic definitions were set3:

The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software as a

component of an aggregate software distribution containing programs from several

different sources.

The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code as

well as compiled form.

The license must allow modifications and derived works, and must allow them to be

distributed under the same terms as the license of the original software.

The license may restrict source-code from being distributed in modified form only if

the license allows the distribution of "patch files" with the source code for the purpose

of modifying the program at build time.

The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons.

2 Linus Torvalds, in “Linux History,” Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science, ©2014

<https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html> 06 December 2014. Torvalds’s entire series of announcements is available at this site 3 “The Open Source Definition” in OpenSource.Org, <http://opensource.org/docs/definition.html>,

6 December 2014

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The license must not restrict anyone from making use of the program in a specific

field of endeavour.

The rights attached to the program must apply to all to whom the program is

redistributed without the need for execution of an additional license by those parties.

The License Must Not Be Specific to a Product

The License Must Not Contaminate Other Software by placing restrictions on any

software distributed along with the licensed software.

This definitions of the term brought new ways of development software and software being

available to the wide population. The guest speaker prof.dr.Micheal O Foghlu, CTO of

Feedhenry spoke about importance in today’s business opportunities that open source brings

like “Nonde. js” that they used for their software development. In addition hi mentioned also

how this brings the starting costs of setting up a new idea within a business to lover costs and

is more available to larger population. “Starting a software based business today costs just

around 2.000,00 € to 3.000,00 €, as it was 100.000,00 € and much higher to start a business

before and how today business is taken over by the information and communication

technology (ICT), most of today’s business and industries are being overtaken by ICT

companies. Students of Waterford institute of technology make a big contribution to this

population group of users of open source technology as they use Moodle open source

learning platform (WIT, 2014). With the biggest and most used example of open source used

software is free knowledge project Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation, 2014).

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2. From ‘Open Source Education’ to ‘Democratic Education’

Open source movement has rushed to academic resources and service online, with addressing

technical problems in providing online learning. Digitalization of education is anew thing it is

seen in few approaches4:

Virtual universities

Online courses

Education portals

Courseware

Virtual university are accredited virtual universities giving lectures online thought with part-

time professors form different universities. Online courses have variety of forms from

different facilitators. The course may be offered by traditional well known Universities but

without the accreditation or is made bay organisations that made digital education possible

but gained sources from academic sources from different areas. Educational portals became

part of education. They are not used just for the courseware but foremost for administrative

functions of operating University processes. It could be internally developed or outsourced to

Software Company. Courseware used in academic and corporate sector it gives opportunity

to build up skills and knowledge not just for the students but also employees of an

organisation or could be outsourced to third party customer who like to upgrade skills

(Lakhan & Jhunjhunwala, 2008).

In the speech of Mr. Sean Kelly member of European parliament (MEP), sad: “Europe lost its

competitiveness in last few decades”. As the online education and improvement on skills of

population of Europe could be an answer, as European Commission trough different

programs like Erasmus+5 for education, Horizon 2020

6 for research, EDEN

7 for networking

and Open Education Europa8 were placed to stimulate growth of skills, training and

4 Open source software in education (Lakhan & Jhunjhunwala, 2008)

5 Education and training <http://ec.europa.eu/education/policy/index_en.htm>, 08.12.2014

6 The framework program for research and innovation <http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/>,

08.12.2014 7 European Distance and E-learning Network <http://www.eden-online.org/>, 08.12.2014

8 The gateway to European innovative learning <http://openeducationeuropa.eu/>, 08.12.2014

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knowledge in European Union. As Europe puts forward three important priorities in

financial-strategy plan period from 2014-20209:

Smart growth: developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation.

Sustainable growth: promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more

competitive economy.

Inclusive growth: fostering a high-employment economy delivering social and

territorial cohesion.

This was important message from MEP representative to think about, as is not just traditional

knowledge put online but also entrepreneurial and i. But the open learning is not important

just for Europe. As prof. Helen O Neill said: “A lot of AID frauds were discovered, by

scholar of Ireland AID.”

It is really important that specially in developing countries where traditional education is not

accessible or two expensive as seen in case of “Open and Distance Learning” (ODL) in

Nigeria described by Abdul-Rahoof Adebayo Bello. Education is a drive of progress in

economic, social and political development. As UNESCO10

recommendation to developing

countries is that they should not commit less than 26% of total annual budget to education if

they are to cope with challenges of globalisation. As Global system for communication

(GSM)11

boomed in Nigeria in 2002 e-services started being developed and electronically

devices like computers and smart phones more used. Open source enabled in Nigeria to take

academic courses with accessing information and making communication with

lecturers/instructors at different times from different location over the network with computer

technology. It enabled to form National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) (Bello, 2014).

This is important as African countries with rich resources get a lot of investments and due to

lower developed systems for education, infrastructure and health get a lot of AID form

leading developing countries, who exploit their natural resources as leading example

Republic of China, also explained by prof. Helen O Neill from Centre of Development

studies.

9 COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION - EUROPE 2020 <http://eur-

lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:EN:PDF>, 08.12.2014 10

Unite Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization - UNESCO <http://en.unesco.org/>, 08.12.2014 11

GSM Networks: Protocols, Terminology and implementation <http://ss7.at.ua/_ld/0/13_GSMM.pdf>, (Heine, 1998)

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But what are there other things that open source has on learning experience in developed

world. It can make, the absence of license fee (traditional schools might have large fees),

flexibility (products are customised and can include a third parties), service continuity (huge

network community of users of open source dough they don’t take out the risk of continuing),

continuous improvement (all participators are contributing to improvement even volunteers),

tax benefits (some governments implemented tax exemption policies) (Lakhan &

Jhunjhunwala, 2008). All this brings together the city centres where best schools and

knowledge are with rural populations as they can gain knowledge with ICT, as speaker Mr.

Eddie Downey said even tractors are now computerised, to drive them you need computer

skills.

From open source to democratic education as in thoughts by Yaacov Hecht in his book

‘Democratic education - A beginning of a story’: “In school, the student will focus on the

selection and identification of his personal and social goals, and will develop his strengths as

to be able to direct his life in accordance with those goals.” (Hecht, 2012, p. 6). In his book

he speaks about the lack of connection between labour market and education, revolution of

human rights and children’s rights to express in schools and the revolution of information

and computerization in today’s schools with aspects of open source to bring best from

children and their education for life (Hecht, 2012). In higher education we see deferent

approaches to democratic learning as one in mention in Post-Crash Economic Society

(PCES)12

at the University of Manchester, Tiimiakateima13

and Knowmads14

. As something

similar the facilitators of this module (Seminar series) are trying to present to the students of

WIT15

.

12

PCES < http://www.post-crasheconomics.com/>, 08.12.2014 13

Tiimiakatemia < http://www.tiimiakatemia.fi/en/>, 08.12.2014 14

Knowmads < http://www.knowmads.nl/>, 08.12.2014 15

Waterford Institute of Technology < http://www.wit.ie/>, 08.12.2014

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3. Open Source Economy - New Monetary Economy

Technology changes as consequently the society changes as well from Open Source and

Information Communication Technology to change of Education you make a change in

society on all levels especially economy level and due that monetary level. As we will with

monetary system that has not changed for long time as the change of communication and

doing things did with the ICT, and therefore the reforms in other sectors are awaiting. As

from visitors speakers we herd that the future in monetary system will change. Mr. Alan

Duffy from HSBC pointed out that in near future the world trading currency will become

“Chinese Yuan” as by today China also became the biggest Economy. But there are other

views and option as to fiat currencies that we use today in the world.

“From at least the time that Jesus threw the money changers from the temple, we have sensed

that there is something unholy about money. When politicians seek money instead of the

public good, we call them corrupt. Adjectives like “dirty” and “filthy” naturally describe

money. Monks are supposed to have little to do with it: “You cannot serve God and

Mammon”. (Eisenstein, 2011, p. 5)”.

In his book Sacred Economics, Eisenstein’s speaks about economics separation, reunion and

new economy. In his book he speak s that thing we made and people in tribes had a sacred

meaning and uniqueness, it was precious and irreplaceable in monetary system that we are

part of, money is a measure of value and therefore comparison of the standard that has no

finite value. The essence e of giving and receiving lost its presence. Tribal people didn’t see

each other as member or a category in some social hierarchy but just a being (a unique

spiritual individual). His goal is to achieve monetary economy that embodies the

interrelatedness and the uniqueness of all things, as we lost this trough the history of long

monetary system of today (Eisenstein, 2011).

But closes to the theory Eisenstein speaks about came Satoshi Nakamoto with his Peer-to-

peer Electronic cash system theory today known reality as crypto currency Bitcoin

(Nakamoto, 2014). We don’t know the origin of this person but we see his name as

pseudonym. A basic idea of bitcoin is that is the best system for internet network transaction

as we are more and more open source society dependant on the internet, with no possibility of

corruption or fraud to occur and no control of government politics. That basis for this is trust

and the fundamentals in Bitcoin digital currency uses cryptographic protocol known as block-

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chain networks battling its way with fiat currencies of the world. The mathematical structure

was primarily build by Satoshi and that put to development and finalisation to open source

enthusiasts who build the system and network and Satoshi resigned never to be present again.

We see this evolution from commodity based to debt base to mathematical currency owned

by everyone in the network and as the needed mass of user is still at starting level there are

prediction that this will happen soon. As it is not in control of government or any financial

institution and it is in limited quantities it will become ultimate payment open sourced

payment system as Wikipedia with knowledge-data information and fiat currency as standard

will go slowly away as long as you are using internet it is the cheapest fastest payment

system today. As trust and understanding of Bitcoin will become bigger there will be a

collective agreement accepted to exchange in Bitcoin. But eventually will not change just the

payment habits but also bring changes to society where infrastructure of sharing resources

and information is based on a central party (Patron, 2014). This will set a lot of changes to

financial sector and markets that speaker Spoke Ms. Joanna Roche from JP Morgana spoke or

how you collect resources for charity organisation spoken by Ms. Deirdre Garvey.

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4. Venus Project

Here is an example how an Open source community could be formed, as vision for future

‘The Venus project’16.

Is a project for a new world of all resources to be a common good of all people not existing

in our today’s society as a vison of Jacque Fresco (Fresco, 2007). In our system you have to

commit to bottom line, profit as our economic system is not up to date as it was invented

may many years ago. Lawyer does not always do well for the case as there is money

involved and reputation. In our society we just use money as an exchange it is a method

designed long ago not suitable for today living. It came to how much does it cost, not as do

we have the resources to make a project, yes we do. If today everything stops we have

enough resources to build anything, but we don’t have money. We have farms, water,

building material, sun and labour power with that we can build anything. We don’t need

money we need access to resources to. And all this must go to coincide to all sectors and

industries. We don’t admire people who made a lot of money but we admire people who

made public goods (Tesla, Einstein, Luther, etc.). The Venus project is to make environment

that does not allow for bad human values and behaviour (like greed, predigest, racism, … )

to emerge it trays to make a condition to emerge good things of humanity, as all this is

learned form an environment we live in and it should to be altered to bring good in people.

Especially scarcity is a big issue, but we do have enough resources for all necessary needs.

The production will go in direction to not ware out and brake down, as it is today driven by

fashionable industry for consumers to buy new products to keep up the economy going.

With goal to get profit to none and service to everyone standard of living, with good

management of worlds natural resources and how to use them. The way this could happen

is as we replace more and more working power with robotic power in production people

will not have more purchasing power to buy products made and this would lead to collapse

of an economic system. People will later search specially in politics the right people to get

them out of this problem who have the right alternatives to solve it. Important thing that

Fresco is pointing out is that this is not vision how the future will be but the vision how it

can be. It is only a methodology for achieving a higher standard of living for all the planets

16

The Venus Project < https://www.thevenusproject.com/en/>, 08.12.2014

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residents with no elite interference and control. This will be achieved through braking

tradition, habits, indoctrination and propaganda. This is not the best system (capitalism) we

live in as propaganda is saying so. When we will live out the promotion of whose scientist is

made discovery, form which country they came from as there is no objective society. Real

science has only been loyal to methodology and to all living beings including Earth. Who will

choose this change to happen is not predicted but it is that we make it. There is no ideal

society system and it’s changing to the circumstances of time and place it is evolving and is

meeting the needs of the time. Therefore also Venus project providers are open to any

criticism and suggestions. We must acknowledge that history of civilisations is a story of

change (Keyes & Fresco, 1969).

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Conclusion

Regardless of what the future will bring the society and economy we are living in have to

make some drastic changes for population to survive as tolls and methods used till now don’t

work anymore. More and more people are aware of this changes must take place. There are

some new approaches to change this needs as described I this paper and there are many more.

Some say that monetary system will always be but there are new solutions that could change

that. There was always skepticism to people to fly, drive a car and have electricity – light. But

it did happen.

There was anecdote that when population of New York was rising the city could not accept

another million of population city authorities were concerned that another million of

population would bring to much manure to the city to clean it and the city would bathe in

manure. But eventually the revolution in transport did take place as it brought the train and

the car. The problem was therefore solved. Same case I see that could happen to monetary

system we have as open source community did affect all the layers of society and economy.

Another case was as classical musician do tend to have placement of an orchestra when they

perform. It is not the best placement as musicians are concerned but it is best placement for

conductor to lead the orchestra. There has been some tries to change that if you take the

music sheets composer has put everything on the sheets from notes, expression to technique

as with new placement conductor was not needed any more not in a role it was before.

Musicians in orchestra had a better over view and hearing of what they play and how it fits in

music composition of a song and what other musician in orchestra plays. The conductor in

this case is seen just as a mentor of orchestra as orchestra in this position can play really good

interpretation of peace of music written on the sheets. And best response of this test came

from the audience as they said it was the best experience of listening to live music even if the

musicians were mixed on the stage in unusual pattern.

Therefore we look to the bright future of open source community and changes it will bring to

our lives as if we look positive the change could be good as we are still in state of caterpillar

eating all different ideas to become pupa and eventually change in new butterfly open source

society.

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Appendixes

Appendix 5: A design from Venus project 1 ......................................................................................... 19



Appendix 1: A design from Venus project 1

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