ON THE IDENTITIES OF PILUMNOPEUS CONVEXUS MACCAGNO, 1936,AND P. SALOMONENSIS WARD, 1942, FROM THE...

Crustaceana 86 (3) 301-312

ON THE IDENTITIES OF PILUMNOPEUS CONVEXUS MACCAGNO, 1936,AND P. SALOMONENSIS WARD, 1942, FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN,

WITH A NOTE ON P. RIUI TAKEDA, 2001(DECAPODA, BRACHYURA, PILUMNIDAE)

BY

FARHANA GHORY1), PETER K. L. NG2,3) and QUDDUSI B. KAZMI1)1) Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre,

University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan2) Tropical Marine Science Institute and Department of Biological Sciences,

National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore

ABSTRACT

The taxonomy of the western Indian Ocean pilumnid crab, Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno,1936) (type locality: Ethiopia) is discussed and the poorly known P. salomonensis Ward, 1942(type locality: Chagos Archipelago) is shown to be its junior synonym. Pilumnopeus sinensis Balss,1933 (from China) is transferred to Serenepilumnus Türkay & Schumacher, 1985. Pilumnopeus riuiTakeda, 2001 (from Hainan) is herein synonymized with Aniptumnus quadridentatus (De Man,1895). Pilumnopeus ? laevimanus Cano, 1889 (from South America) is removed from the genus;it is more likely to be a species of Panopeidae or Pseudorhombilidae.

RÉSUMÉ

La taxonomie du crabe Pilumnidae de l’océan Indien occidental, Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccag-no, 1936) (localité-type : Ethiopie) est discutée et l’espèce peu connue, P. salomonensis Ward, 1942(localité-type : archipel des Chagos) est démontrée comme étant son synonyme junior. L’espècePilumnopeus sinensis Balss, 1933 (de Chine) est transférée dans le genre Serenepilumnus Türkay& Schumacher, 1985. Pilumnopeus riui Takeda, 2001 (de Hainan) est ici mis en synonymie avecAniptumnus quadridentatus (De Man, 1895). Pilumnopeus ? laevimanus Cano, 1889 (d’Amériquedu Sud) est retiré du genre ; cette espèce est plus vraisemblablement une espèce de Panopeidae oude Pseudorhombilidae.

INTRODUCTION

Davie (1989) partially revised two closely allied genera, Pilumnopeus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867 (type species Pilumnopeus crassimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867)

3) Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected]

© Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2013 DOI:10.1163/15685403-00003180

302 FARHANA GHORY, PETER K. L. NG & QUDDUSI B. KAZMI

and Heteropanope Stimpson, 1858 (type species Heteropanope glabra Stimpson,1858). Five species previously placed in these two genera were separated into anew genus, Benthopanope Davie, 1989, mainly on the basis of the form of thefrontal margin and male thoracic sternum. Davie (1989) provisionally recognized11 species from the Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic: P. africanus (De Man, 1902),P. caparti (Monod, 1956), P. convexus (Maccagno, 1936), P. granulatus Balss,1933, P. laevimanus Cano, 1889, P. makianus (Rathbun, 1931), P. marginatus(Stimpson, 1858), P. salomonensis Ward, 1942, P. serratifrons (Kinahan, 1856)(= Pilumnopeus crassimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867; Heteropanope australien-sis Stimpson, 1858), P. sinensis Balss, 1933 and P. vauquelini (Audouin, 1826).One more species was later described from Pakistan, Pilumnopeus pereiodontusDavie & Ghani, 1993, but this was referred to a new genus, Cryptopilumnus, byHsueh et al. (2009). Another species, P. riui Takeda, 2001, was subsequently de-scribed from Hainan Island in China.

In the present paper, the taxonomy of P. convexus is reconsidered and P.salomonensis is shown to be its junior subjective synonym. Pilumnopeus riuiTakeda, 2001, is also discussed and it is a junior subjective synonym of Aniptumnusquadridentatus (De Man, 1895). Measurements (in millimetres) provided are ofthe carapace width and length, respectively. The abbreviations G1 and G2 areused for the male first and second gonopods, respectively. Specimens examinedare deposited in Marine Reference Collection (MRC), Karachi, Pakistan; NaturalHistory Museum at Port Louis (NHMPL) (ex-Desjardins Museum of the MauritiusInstitute), Mauritius; and the Zoological Reference Collection of the RafflesMuseum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore (ZRC).

TAXONOMY

PILUMNIDAE Samouelle, 1819Pilumninae Samouelle, 1819

Pilumnopeus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867

Type species.— Pilumnopeus crassimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, subse-quent designation by Balss, 1933; gender of generic name masculine.

Remarks.— The species described as Pilumnopeus sinensis by Balss (1933: 34,pl. 7 fig. 35) from China is poorly known. It was not treated in the compendiumof Chinese seas by Dai et al. (1986) and Dai & Yang (1991), and has not beenreported since its description. The photograph in Balss (1933, pl. 7 fig. 35) doesnot disclose much, but on the basis of this and the description it is clear that it isnot a species of Pilumnopeus (or Heteropanope or Benthopanope) as defined atpresent. In terms of the carapace features and especially the dense and intricate

SPECIES OF PILUMNOPEUS FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN 303

pattern of setae on the carapace and pereiopods, it is almost certainly a memberof the genus Serenepilumnus Türkay & Schumacher, 1985 (replacement name forLeopoldius Serène, 1971). It is provisionally transferred there.

Takeda (2001: 89, figs. 2, 3) described Pilumnopeus riui from three males andsix females from Hainan island in China. His detailed description and figures ofthe types agree very well with what has been described and figured as Aniptumnusquadridentatus (De Man, 1895) (see De Man, 1895: 537, fig. 6; Ng, 2002: 212,fig. 1; Ng & Clark, 2008: figs. 13, 14), and we are confident they are synonyms,with De Man’s name having priority.

The species described as Pilumnopeus ? laevimanus by Cano (1889: 207,fig. 12) from Porto Laguna in South America is enigmatic and its generic positionis uncertain. The description is relatively brief and the figure schematic —and considering the species’ provenance, it is more likely to be a panopeid orpseudorhombilid. It is certainly unlikely to be a Pilumnopeus as the genus is knownonly from the Indo-West Pacific.

Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936) (figs. 1-5)

Heteropanope convexa Maccagno, 1936: 176.Pilumnopeus salomonensis Ward, 1942: 96, pl. 6 fig. 11; Davie, 1989: 143; Ng et al., 2008: 141.Pilumnopeus vauquelini Stephensen, 1946: 141, figs. 35A, B; Guinot, 1967: 275; Basson et al., 1977:

228, 231; Titgen, 1982: 252; ?Hornby, 1997: 15 (not Pilumnus vauquelini Audouin, 1826).Pilumnopeus indica Barnard, 1955: 30, fig. 12 (not Heteropanope indica De Man, 1887).Pilumnopeus convexa Davie, 1989: 142, fig. 7A-C.Pilumnopeus convexus Cooper, 1997: 171, figs. 6, 16; Apel, 2001: 98; Ng et al., 2008: 141.

Material examined.— 1 lectotype male (16.5 × 11.3 mm) (NHMPL) (photographs), 1 paralec-totype female (14.4 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0794), Salomón Islands, Chagos Archipelago, coll. R.Viader & G. Antelme, 1936; 2 males (9.0 × 6.5 mm, 7.0 × 5.5 mm), 3 females (6.3 × 5.2 mm,6.0 × 5.0 mm, 6.0 × 5.0 mm) (MRC Cat. No. BRAC.756), 1 male (9.6 × 6.4 mm), 1 female (5.9 ×4.3 mm) (ZRC 2012.0422), Somar Goth, Pakistan, coll. 26 January 2009; 1 female (6.0 × 4.5 mm)(MRC Cat. No. BRAC.681), coll. P. N. S Himalya, 11 November 1985; 1 male (8.1 × 6.0 mm),1 female (7.0 × 5.0 mm) (MRC Cat. No. BRAC.682), Buleji, Pakistan, coll. P. N. S Himalya, 23January 1986.

Diagnosis.— Carapace transversely hexagonal, broader than long (figs. 1A, 2A,B, 4A, 5A, D). Frontal margin distinctly bilobed with small outer angle; margin oflobe slightly convex to convex; inner supraorbital tooth small but distinct, formingV-shaped structure with outer frontal angle in which antenna fits; supraorbitalmargin with 2 clefts (figs. 1A, 2A, B, 4A, 5A, D). Dorsal surface with rows of smallrounded granules along transverse cristae on frontal, gastric and branchial regions,covered with scattered plumose setae of varying lengths mainly along transversecarapace ridges, never completely obscuring surface (figs. 1A, 2A-C, 4A, 5A,D). Anterolateral margin with 3 teeth behind exorbital angle; first anterolateraltooth blunt, second and third teeth acute but not spine-tipped (figs. 1A, 2A, B,


Fig. 1. Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936), male (9.6 × 6.4 mm) (ZRC 2012.0422), Pakistan.A, overall dorsal view; B, ventral view showing anterior thoracic sternum; C, outer view of right

major chela; D, outer view of left minor chela.

4A, 5A, D). Chelipeds subequal, right larger; surface of larger chela rugose toalmost smooth; smaller chela covered with fine granules and scattered short setae;carpus with lobiform inner distal tooth, inner distal margin of carpus granulated;fingers shorter than palm, cutting edges of fingers toothed, dentition stronger inlarger chela (figs. 1A, B, 2A, 3A-D, 4A, 5B, C, E). Ambulatory legs relatively


Fig. 2. Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936). A, male (16.5 × 11.3 mm) (NHMPL) (lectotypeof Pilumnopeus salomonensis Ward, 1942); B, C, female (14.4 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0794)(paralectotype of Pilumnopeus salomonensis Ward, 1942). A, overall dorsal view; B, dorsal view

of carapace; C, frontal view of carapace. Scale bar markings in mm.

short; coxa, merus, carpus and propodus unarmed; covered with scattered long andshort setae that partially obscures surface; dactylus gently curved with tapering tip(figs. 1A, B, 2A, 5A-D). Thoracic sternites 1 and 2 completely fused; sternites 2and 3 separated by almost straight groove; somite 3 not longitudinally elongate;


Fig. 3. Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936), female (14.4 × 9.8 mm) (ZRC 2012.0794)(paralectotype of Pilumnopeus salomonensis Ward, 1942). A, dorsal view of left major cheliped;B, outer view of left major chela; C, dorsal view of right minor cheliped; D, outer view of right

minor chela.

sternite 8 in male visible when abdomen closed. Abdomen with 6 free somites andtelson, covered with fine setae; telson triangular with rounded tip (figs. 1B, 4E,5D). G1 slender, sinuous; distal part distinctly recurved from ventral view, hook-like, with several subdistal spines (figs. 4F, G, 5F, G). G2 short, sigmoid, withbilobed tip, armed with spinules (fig. 4H, I).

Remarks.— Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936), was originally described(but not figured) from two female specimens from Ethiopia (size not stated)(Maccagno, 1936: 1976). Davie (1989) redescribed P. convexus on the basis ofa poorly preserved lectotype female specimen measuring 8.0 × 5.3 mm fromEthiopia he examined and figured the carapace and chelae. Since then, it hasbeen reported from Abu Dhabi and various parts of the Red Sea (Apel, 2001)and the Persian Gulf (Cooper, 1997). Pilumnopeus salomonensis Ward, 1942 wassupposedly described from three males measuring 14, 16 and 18 mm in carapacewidth from Salomón Island in the Chagos Archipelago, but although the 18 mmmale was figured, no holotype was selected (Ward, 1942: 96, pl. 6 fig. 11). Thelate Claude Michel from NHMPL kindly allowed the second author access to two


Fig. 4. Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936), male (9.0 × 6.5 mm) (MRC Cat. No. BRAC.756),Pakistan. A, right side of carapace, cheliped and ambulatory legs; B, left second ambulatory leg; C,left third ambulatory leg; D, left fourth ambulatory leg; E, male abdomen (setae denuded); F, leftG1; G, distal part of left G1; H, left G2; I, distal part of left G2. Scale bars: A-E = 1.0 mm, F, H =

0.5 mm; G, I = 0.25 mm.


Fig. 5. Pilumnopeus convexus (Maccagno, 1936). A-C, lectotype female (8.0 × 5.3 mm) (MuseoCivico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, Genoa, Italy) (after Davie, 1989, fig. 7A-C); D-G, male(12.0 × 8.0 mm) (South African Museum) (after Barnard, 1955, fig. 12). A, dorsal view of carapace;D, dorsal view of carapace and abdomen; B, E, outer view of major chela; C, outer view of minor

chela; F, G1; G, distal part of G1.

type specimens in the 1990s and donated a syntype specimen measuring 14.4 ×9.8 mm to the ZRC. This is almost certainly the smallest specimen listed byWard. Although the slight difference in size can be easily explained by differentmeasuring methods, this specimen is not a male but an adult female (fig. 2B,C). It would appear that Ward made a mistake in recording the sexes of his typespecimens as there are no additional specimens in NHMPL. The male measuring16.5 × 11.3 mm in the NHMPL (fig. 2A) (which more or less corresponds in sizeto the second male recorded by Ward) is here designated as the lectotype of P.salomonensis Ward, 1942.

Davie (1989: 143) indicated that P. convexus and P. salomonensis may besynonymous. Although he redescribed the type of P. convexus, he was not ableto do the same for P. salomonensis. The present redescription of the types of


P. salomonensis shows that the two taxa are very close. The frontal lobes of P.salomonensis are more strongly developed and prominently convex (fig. 2B) (vs.relatively weaker with the margins gently convex to almost straight in P. convexus,figs. 1A, 4A, 5A, D), the suborbital tooth is proportionately larger and clearlyvisible from dorsal view (fig. 2B, C) (vs. relatively weaker, not distinctly visiblefrom dorsal view in P. convexus, fig. 1A, B), and the chela stouter with shorterfingers (figs. 2A, 3) (vs. relatively longer chela and fingers, figs. 1C, D, 5B, D).The differences are therefore probably a result of the relatively larger size ofP. salomonensis and are not significant at the species level. These two speciesshould thus be synonymized, with Heteropanope convexa Maccagno, 1936, havingpriority.

Takeda & Miyake (1969: 127) commented that Barnard’s (1955: 30, fig. 12)record of “Pilumnopeus indica (De Man, 1887)” from South Africa is likely tobe P. salomonensis, although they noted that Ward’s (1942) description was toobrief and his figure too small to be of much value. Davie (1989: 143) agreedthat Barnard’s identification was likely incorrect but suggested his material wasP. convexus rather than P. salomonensis as observed by Takeda & Miyake (1969).Barnard (1955: 30, fig. 12) had on hand one male (12 × 8 mm) and at leasttwo females (largest ovigerous 12.5 × 8.5 mm) and he described the live colouras “Brownish, speckled and mottled with reddish brown, hand of cheliped withsmall orange spots, finger and thumb blackish, colour not extending on to palm.”(Barnard, 1955: 31). The colour notes by Barnard (1955) of his specimen, hereidentified as P. salomonensis, are noteworthy as it is only slightly different fromthat observed for P. convexus. The live colour of the Pakistani P. convexus agreesvery well with the original colour given by Maccagno (1836: 177): “Ile coloredel carapace è verde bruno con larga zona centrale chiara” (brown and green witha lighter area in the centre). The G1 structure of the P. salomonensis as figuredby Barnard (1955, fig. 12) (present fig. 5F, G) is slightly different from that of thePakistani P. convexus (fig. 4F, G) (see also Cooper, 1997, fig. 6), with the distal partrelatively more elongate. However, we believe that these differences are associatedwith size as Barnard’s male specimen was large (12 × 8 mm).

Pilumnopeus convexus is superficially similar to P. vauquelini, which is alsopresent in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf (it is an invasive species in the Mediter-ranean; see Apel, 2001: 98). However, P. vauquelini can easily be separated fromP. convexus by its proportionately more squarish carapace with a relatively shorterfrontal margin (width to length ratio ca. 1.35 vs. on average 1.4-1.5 in P. con-vexus), the sharper anterolateral teeth (see Audouin, 1826: pl. 5 fig. 3; Guinot &Cleva, 2009: 98, pl. 5), and most significantly, the fingers of the chelae are sharplybent downwards, forming a sharp angle with the palm (see De Man, 1889: 422,pl. 9, fig. 5). In the case of P. convexus, the fingers are not distinctly bent and the


ventral margin of the chela is gently sinuous (figs. 1C, D, 3B, D, 5B, C, E). TheirG2s also appear to be different. In P. convexus, the tip is recurved to form a distincthook-like structure (figs. 4F, G, 5F, G). In P. vauquelini, the tip is more gently bent(see Audouin, 1826: pl. 5 fig. 3; Guinot & Cleva, 2009: 98, pl. 5).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The second author thanks the late Claude Michel of NHMPL for his kind helpover the years, including access to the type material of Ward. Tan Heok Huiphotographed the lectotype male of P. salomonensis.

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First received 11 April 2012.Final version accepted 18 November 2012.

ON THE IDENTITIES OF PILUMNOPEUS CONVEXUS MACCAGNO, 1936,AND P. SALOMONENSIS WARD, 1942, FROM THE...

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