1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This project is based on the WHO well-being index and our group primarily focuses on

the low WHO well-being index and in which what is meant and how do we measure

WHO well-being index is that subjective well-being is an important dimension of overall

perceived quality of life and in its own right an important outcome of diabetes care. In

people with diabetes emotional well-being may be compromised by the burden of living

with diabetes and/or life stresses. Depression is common among persons with diabetes,

affecting 10-20% of the patient population. Unfortunately the diagnosis of depression is

often missed by health care professionals. Using a short questionnaire as the WHO-5

can help to monitor emotional well-being in patients as part of clinical routine and

enhance the likelihood of recognizing depression. The WHO 5-item Well-Being Index

(WHO-5) is a short screening instrument for the detection of depression in the general

population, which has not yet been evaluated. (Heun et.al, 2001). International clinical

guidelines recommend to systematically monitor emotional well-being in patients with

diabetes.

The WHO-5 Well-being Index is a short, self-administered questionnaire covering 5

positively worded items, related to positive mood (good spirits, relaxation), vitality (being

active and waking up fresh and rested), and general interests (being interested in

things). It has shown to be a reliable measure of emotional functioning and a good

screener for depression. Administering the WHO-5 Well-being Index takes 2-3 minutes

and can be integrated in clinical routine, both in primary and secondary care. The

measure is freely available in many languages. Each of the five items is rated on a 6-

point Likert scale from 0 (= not present) to 5 (= constantly present). Scores are

2

summated, with raw score ranging from 0 to 25. Then the scores are transformed to 0-

100 by multiplying by 4, with higher scores meaning better well-being. Evidence

suggested, a score of 50 or below is indicative for low mood, though not necessarily

depression. A score of 28 or below indicates likely depression and warrants further

assessment (diagnostic interview) to confirm depression. In order to monitor possible

changes in well-being, a 10% difference can be regarded as a significant change.

And our group is keen on analyzing the low WHO well-being index and how does it

actually play a part in impacting the life satisfaction of our group’s respondents which

comes from different backgrounds, varied races and religions as well as culture from an

international student who is also a member in our group.

3

2.0 GRANDPARENTHOOD

The majority of people will now spend about one-third of their lives as grand-parents,

yet developmental psychologists have largely ignored the nature of the grandparental

role, and the influence which grandparents can have on grand-children. By redresses

the balance and uses life-span evolutionary and psychodynamic theoretical frameworks

to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of grandparenthood from

cross-cultural perspectives. It is the good alternatives to be understood.

Much recent work in developmental psychology has disregarded the extended family in

favor of the two-generational nuclear family of parents and children. But grandparents

do have a significant role in family relationships and children’s development. This

volume contains detailed discussion of intergenerational transmission of parenting skills,

cooperation and conflict in three-generational families and the ways in which

grandparents and grandchildren perceive one another.

The importance of considering social and cultural contexts of development applies to

grandparents just as much as to other areas of human development. Kinds of family

structure, social policies regarding employment, health and housing, attitudes to

marriage and even particular historical events all have an impact on the position and

role of grand[parents and on stereotypes of old age. These factors vary considerably

from country to country. Our understanding of grandparenthood can only be enriched by

learning about the variety of ways in which it is expressed in difference cultural settings.

Most precious research has been confined to the USA. International comparisons

enable us to see which elements are essential to grandparenthood and which are

4

culture-dependent. In most Western countries the population is ageing and this sort of

study is becoming vitally important. Same goes to the Asian countries which put a

different variety to be understood well in terms of grandparenthood.

5

3.0 RESEARCH METHODS

In this research, there are two methods that we used to fulfill the requirement to

undergo this research:

1. INTEVIEW

There are 9 persons who are 50 years old and above that we managed to

interview and get the information about their experiences as a grandparent. The

information are related to their feelings, economic, experiences, strengths when

they become a grandfather or grandmother, the stressor and what are their

advice about the coming generations in future. the respondent are different

background from age, living address, environment and aging process.

2. QUESTIONAIRE

There are about 20 books of questionaire that has been distributed to the

individual who are 50 years old and above. The information are related to the

background, the strength to become adult. In this questionnaire, there are many

parts such as the physical abilities like problem movement. On the other hand,

the attachment with their grandson also has been evaluated.

6

4.0 DATA ANALYSIS

A) SUMMARY FROM THE RECORDING AUDIO

(THE INTEVIEW REGARDING THE INTERACTION WITH GRANDPARENT TO KNOW

ABOUT THEIR BACKGROUNDS AND SATISFACTION OF LIFE)

1. INTEVIEW BY MUHAMMAD FARHANNAIM

Regarding to the analysis of the interview, the first respondent, Saemah Binti Hj

Mansor, 75 years old, we can see that she is very happy person with a full of

satisfaction in her life. Although she have a stress a little bit taking care of her

grandchildren, she know that the responsibilities that she need to take. Moreover,

according to the recording audio, we can hear that she is very energetic and healthy.

Due to her physical condition, her eye is quite blur and cannot read properly. She also

feel pain while walking or stand for quite a long time. In addition, she is have a high

pressure but till now, no diabetes found. She never worked before in her life, she is only

helped her late husband before this, Hj Sabran Bin Hj Muhammad who has passed

away in 2002. She has 13 children who 11 still alive and 2 passed away.

7

2. INTEVIEW BY HAMK ADZ-DZIKREE

My respondent is Osman bin Affan, 57 years old is a very happy and motivated,

religious and pious man. During the interview, he is the man who love to talk about the

life and religious. With his knowledge, we can see that he is the person who really

appreciate his life. He have 7 years old who grow up with excellency. To him, he make

his life to the fullest by taught his children to become a great person and can contribute

back to the family, community and nation. He have 7 children and 16 grandchildren. In

addition, he is already retired but currently, he have his own restaurant and small

business. He used to say that, as he grow older, he realize that his time is getting

shorter, and it makes him to get closer to his creator, Allah SWT. He have a high hope

to see the young generation to love what they want to do, and do not forget our parents.

On the other hand, he also said that he really want our future is a full of peace and

harmony.

3. INTERVIEW BY N.MATHAN RAJ

My respondent is my grandmother, Annarathinam, 65 years old is a quite a jovial

person, active as well as quite emotional as certain period of times. Regarding her

health condition, she is in good condition and does not have any diseases but from

mobility point of view, she finds it a bit difficult to stick to her routine because of her

knee pain but only at certain times. And financially, she is supported by my aunty and

her husband where she live with them too along with her 3 grandchildren there in a

same house and she is very much attached to those three compared to her other 7

8

more grandchildren which consists of myself too. She has been lately since a few

months back found her growing passion towards gardening as well as enjoy going for

holiday trips with her circle of friends which is in the same group as her.

4. INTERVIEW BY SAIFUL

For my interview, my respondent is Mohammad Said bin Nordin. He is 61 years old for

this year. From the interview, he always looking good in heatlh and happy, even her

wives is passed away a long time ago. Looking to her age, maybe someone think that

he have problem in health, but when I saw him and what he said to me, he don’t have

any chronic deasease. He said that he just always tired when he doing something. From

financially, he don’t have problem about that even he not working yet, but he have

financial income from their pension as a staff at UPM long time ago. He have 4 children,

1 boy and 3 girl. All their children still young and study at school and university. He

always happy when he talk about their children since 2 of their children study in

university. All their children still young and this is reason why he don’t have any

grandchildren. Lastly, He always hope that the youngest generation nowadays can

change their attitude to become good person to ensure that their future more better and

he always advise to me that to become a leaders, we must follow our religion and don’t

give up with any challenges that we face.

5. INTERVIEW BY HARI

Regarding to the analysis of the interview, the respondent, Mani Abraham, 54 years old,

we can see that his health in a good condition and doesn’t have any disease. Although

he is an athlete past 30 years ago with a lot of injury, he has no problem in moving

9

around and have strong physical.Financially he is supported by his children and he is

getting his pencen monthly and there no problem in financial for him. According to the

recording, we can know that he is so attached with his wife and he is not a person that

very dependable on others. Last but not least, he is very responsible when it comes to

grandchildren.

6. INTERVIEW BY EZRY

Based on the observation that I have run my first found that interviewers named Yunus

Bin Abdul Ghani. He has been married for 23 years. He have a wife. He has stated and

shared some of his life experiences, especially in educating children and grandchildren.

He said that the attitude of patient’s needs are in themselves to educate children and

grandchildren towards the good things because every child and grandchild have

different attitudes rates. Until now he had two sons and three daughters and seven

grandchildren. At the beginning of his involvement in educating children take a long time

to create harmony and affection. Patience and love he should have in ourselves. For his

task of educating children should be done jointly between husband and wife in order to

form a close bond between child and parent. He added task of educating children differ

in the past. This is because of the attitude of the child in the past and now is very

different.as a father should work hard to ensure that the needs of children are met. The

final advice of his state religion factor plays a very important role in educating children

so that children can thrive once can remember and repay our parents' sacrifices

10

7. INTERVIEW BY RAIHAN

My respondent is Nong binti Mansor. She has related with researcher family which is

mother in law for researcher sister. She was born on 26 November 1958 and she was

56 years old in this year.from this research, she from Kampung Hilir Kabung, Sarawak.

She was number fourth out of six siblings. She was taking a decision to get married

since 22 years old and she already have 6 children right now. The more special about

her that she was taking an adopted son to come their family. The adopted son was grow

up and he loves Ms Nong like his own mother and he already 28 years old right now.

Her husband, 60 years old already retired and they were supporting by their children.

life. 3 of their children were married and they were staying at kuala Lumpur and

Putrajaya. Ms Nong have 7 granchildren and all of them still younger. Ms nong and

family still living in simple life because the standard of life level in Sarawak quiet low but

they still healty because they were very take care of their food life style.

11

8. INTERVIEW BY SOLOMON

My respondent is Sumathi Karupiah, 54 years old and have not in good health

condition and having nerve problem or minimal movement. She is a very happy and

motivated, religious. During the interview, she is love to talk about the life and religious.

With his knowledge, we can see that he is the person who really appreciate his life. She

worked 5 years before. To him, he make his life to the fullest by taught his children to

become a great person and can contribute back to the family, community and nation.

He have 3 children and 2 grandchildren. In addition, he is already. She have a husband

before which is Thomas Amarasingam, and he is Passed away on 2001. On the other

hand, he also said that he really want our future is a full of peace and harmony.

9. INTERVIEW BY FAZREEN

Regarding to the analysis of the interview, the respondent, Razman Bin Mohamad, 53

years old, we can see that his health in a good condition and doesn’t have any chronic

illness, muscle pain and difficult to move. Although, he is a Happy man, capable to have

happiest routine, open stall and do small business. Now, in financially he is supported

by his children and he is getting his pension monthly and there no problem in financial

for him and support my their small business. According to the recording, he have 3

children and 3 grandchildren. He look very happy with their children and also their

grandchildren. He hope that the youngest generation now can change their mind to

have a better future for our loving country.

12

B) EVALUATION ON THE WHO QUESTION (SCALE FROM 0 TO 1)

This evaluation is deeply focus on the inference on why some of the respondents gave

such a negative responds to WHO-QUESTIONS.

Soalan: Saya berasa ceria dan bersemangat

I have felt cheerful and in good spirit

Skala Nama Catatan

0 NULL

1 057 He/She tick scale of one,maybe due to the slaary rate where its only

RM1500. It is not enough to have good life and cheerful life. The age of

the person is old (58) and still working. He maybe felt stress due he

think children living in low-wage families have an ongoing disadvantage

in living healthy, happy and productive lives, and in improving their

own economic situation when they become adults.

076 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the

own health question he/she cannot have active move and play active.

Moreover, he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly,

he/she moderately anxious or depressed. This because of the

neuroendocrine system refers to the complex connections between the

brain and nervous system and our endocrine glands, which produce

hormones.

The hypothalamus, a structure at the base of the brain, stimulates and

inhibits the pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” which in

turn regulates the glands of the body (ovaries, testes, adrenal glands,

thyroid) and how and when they release their hormones into our

circulation. As we age, this system becomes less functional, and this can

lead to high blood pressure, impaired sugar metabolism, and sleep

13

Soalan: Saya berasa tenang dan santai

I have felt calm and relaxed

Skala Nama Catatan

0 NULL

1 076 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she moderately

anxious or depressed. Elderly people who are homeless are more likely to

experience multiple medical problems and chronic illnesses that may have gone

untreated for years. In addition to illnesses common to aging such as diabetes,

cardiac disease, circulatory problems, and hypertension, the health of an elderly

person who is homeless is also compromised by the harsh environment of

homelessness (e.g., exposure, hypothermia, frostbite). For an elderly person

who is homeless in a “survival mode” and trying to find a safe place to sleep

every night, addressing his or her health care quickly loses priority.

2 NULL

abnormalities. The effects that the various hormones our different glands

produce have on different facets of aging have been studied extensively.

2 155 He/She tick scale of one,maybe due to the slary rate where its only

RM1900. It is not enough to have good life and cheerful life. The age of

the person is old (51) and still working. He maybe felt stress due he

think children living in low-wage families have an ongoing disadvantage

in living healthy, happy and productive lives, and in improving their

own economic situation when they become adults..

14

Soalan: Saya berasa aktif dan bertenaga

I have felt active and vigorous

Skala Nama Catatan

0 NULL

1 076 He/She cannot be happy due the body conditio,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she

moderately anxious or depressed. Elderly people who are homeless are

more likely to experience multiple medical problems and chronic illnesses

that may have gone untreated for years.

057 He/She tick scale of one,maybe due to the slary rate where its only

RM1500. It is not enough to have good life and cheerful life. The age of the

person is old (58) and still working. He maybe felt stress due he think

children living in low-wage families have an ongoing disadvantage in

living healthy, happy and productive lives, and in improving their own

economic situation when they become adults.

155 He/She have some health problem where having some problem in

performing he/she usual activities. And he/she moderately anxious and

depressed on something aroung his/her family.

073 He/She Having many problems where his wage is too small at age 59. He

merely dont like to have grandchildren. He thinks being granparent means

giving up other social and leisure activities and giving up some priavacy,

and sometimes involves financial sacrificies. The theory involved is

children usually mourn the loss of parental presence, even if the parents

were abusive or ineffectual.

The emotional and behavioral problems that may result can run the gamut

from mild to very serious, from acting out at school to suicidal behavior.

Interestingly, boys usually demonstrate more outward effects, although

15

girls may be suffering just as much. In the more severe cases, counseling is

necessary, and that may put another strain on the grandparents’ finances,

although counseling may be available through non-profit organizations for

free or at reduced cost.

2 156 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she

moderately anxious or depressed. Next he having low salary as RM1000 in

61 age.

Soalan: Saya bangun dengan rasa segar dan cukup rehat

I woke up feeling fresh and rested

Skala Nama Catatan

0 NULL

1 076 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she

moderately anxious or depressed. Elderly people who are homeless are

more likely to experience multiple medical problems and chronic illnesses

that may have gone untreated for years. In addition to illnesses common to

aging such as diabetes, cardiac disease, circulatory problems, and

hypertension, the health of an elderly person who is homeless is also

compromised by the harsh environment of homelessness (e.g., exposure,

hypothermia, frostbite). For an elderly person who is homeless in a

“survival mode” and trying to find a safe place to sleep every night,

addressing his or her health care quickly loses priority.

155 He/She have some health problem where having some problem in

performing he/she usual activities. And he/she moderately anxious and

16

depressed on something aroung his/her family.

156 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she

moderately anxious or depressed. Next he having low salary as RM1000 in

61 age. Relationships with other family members are often complicated

when grandparents become stress, when the issue of favoritism may arise.

If the situation is the result of one child being an irresponsible parent, other

siblings may feel that their sibling is being rewarded for bad behavior. They

may feel that the in-house grandchild is favored over their own children.

Certainly the grandparents are likely to have less time, energy and money

to spend on the other grandchildren. The grandparents will need to

communicate effectively with their adult children. The non-residential

grandchildren may feel the change a good deal also and may act out their

resentment. In addition, raising grandchildren can put considerable stress

on the marital relationship.

2 057 He/She tick scale of one,maybe due to the slary rate where its only

RM1500. It is not enough to have good life and cheerful life. The age of the

person is old (58) and still working. Less traumatic events, such as divorce

or geographical relocation, carry their own burden of stress and worry over

the parent’s new circumstances. In many cases, a support group of

grandparents in similar situations can be a valuable resource. In other cases,

counseling is called for. Sometimes grandparents and grandchildren can

benefit from being counseled as a family.

073 He/She Having many problems where his wage is too small at age 59. He

merely dont like to have grandchildren. He thinks being granparent means

giving up other social and leisure activities and giving up some priavacy,

and sometimes involves financial sacrificies. The theory involved is

children usually mourn the loss of parental presence, even if the parents

were abusive or ineffectual. The emotional and behavioral problems that

may result can run the gamut from mild to very serious, from acting out at

17

school to suicidal behavior.

Although grandparents are generally speaking better off financially than

their children, they also have a shorter future in the workforce, if indeed

they are still working. In addition, they also may not have made allowances

in their financial planning for the cost of raising grandchildren. One

expense that can be major is health insurance. If children are not covered

on a parent's insurance, grandparents may have difficulty getting them

placed on their own insurance. Some states allow them to qualify as foster

parents and to receive the same benefits as other foster parents.

Soalan: Kehidupan seharian saya telah diisi dengan perkara yang menarik minat saya

My daily life has been filled with that interest me

Skala Nama Catatan

0 NULL

1 NULL

2 076 He/She cannot be happy due the body condition,when we refer to the own

health question he/she cannot have active move and play active. Moreover,

he/she could not have normal healthy routine either. Lastly, he/she

moderately anxious or depressed. This because of the neuroendocrine

system refers to the complex connections between the brain and nervous

system and our endocrine glands, which produce hormones. The

hypothalamus, a structure at the base of the brain, stimulates and inhibits

the pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” which in turn regulates

the glands of the body (ovaries, testes, adrenal glands, thyroid) and how

and when they release their hormones into our circulation. As we age, this

system becomes less functional, and this can lead to high blood pressure,

impaired sugar metabolism, and sleep abnormalities. The effects that the

various hormones our different glands produce have on different facets of

aging have been studied extensively.

18

155

He/She have some health problem where having some problem in

performing he/she usual activities. And he/she moderately anxious and

depressed on something aroung his/her family. Maybe this is because the

mental health of the grandchildren who may have a history of physical,

emotional, or sexual abuse. Many grandparents get children who have

either been abused or suffer from a variety of mental health issues. As

parents, these grandparents may have dealt with these same issues with

their own children but not when they first got them.

Many times grandparents are raising grandchildren who came to them on a

moment's notice. Sometimes it is the opposite. The grandparents started off

as part-time caregivers. Then one day, they found themselves "caregiving"

full-time and were then faced with the legal issues of what to do next.

19

Questions and Their Respondents Scale

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

scale 0 scale 1 scale 2

Question 1

Question 1

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

scale 0 scale 1 scale 2

Question 2

Question 2

20

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 1 2

Question 3

Question 3

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 1 2

Question 4

Question 4

21

Graph 6: Shows the questions and scales which answered by respondents.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 1 2

Question 5

Question 5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

question 1 question 2 question 3 question 4 question 5

scale 2

scale 1

scale 0

22

5.0 DISCUSSION

Worldwide, life expectancy is increasing. Currently about 10% of the world’s population

is made up of older adults (aged 65 and above). This figure is set to rise steadily, to as

much as 30% in some societies. To put this in context we need to look at some figures:

in 1950 the population of the world’s elderly was 200 million and this is estimated to rise

to 1.2 billion by 2025, a six fold increase in only 75 years. The most significant increase

in older people living longer is found, not surprisingly, in developed countries like Ireland

whose birth rate along with other European countries has been falling. For mental

health, these changing shifts in our population structure will mean an increase in

conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, but also in depressive disorders.

Depression affects about one in ten people aged over 65, making it the most common

of the mental health disorders of later life. While this large population of older people will

have greater financial resources and political influence to demand quality care when

needed; the challenge will be to organize healthcare services to respond by offering

early intervention for illnesses to prevent them becoming chronic or disabling.

There is evidence from ongoing research into the treatment of depression, that it is a

treatable condition and that the benefits of treatment, for the individual, families and

society, are immense. This guide will emphasize the need to raise awareness about

depression amongst older people and their families. It will stress the need for a positive

approach to detection and assessment, through to treatment and prevention. It aims to

help bridge the gap between the knowledge about depression and current practice by

encouraging people to seek help earlier, armed with information about the nature of

23

depression and its treatment. Depression is a disabling illness and in some cases, if

undetected and untreated, can result in suicide. It is much different from the responses

of grief and sorrow to the losses and changes in life, in that even the most basic

everyday task is affected by a continuous and severe sadness. Those who suffer from it

report that severe depression changes life completely. Depression affects behaviour,

relationships, emotions, motivation, thinking, sleep and other bodily functions. The

person who could mix well socially suddenly becomes isolated and keeps to

themselves. Everything is too much trouble and personal appearance is neglected. The

capacity for enjoyment is reduced or disappears altogether. Appetite can be affected,

resulting in the individual not enjoying food anymore and so losing weight.

In the 1961 book "Growing Old," Cumming and Henry suggested that older adults

purposely withdraw from society in preparation of death. Disengagement occurs as

older adults retire from work and decrease their social participation. Society fosters this

disengagement by providing fewer opportunities for older adults to participate in the

workforce and in social situations. Cumming and Henry suggested that this mutual

disengagement of the individual from society and society from the individual is the

optimal form of aging.

Cumming and Henry outlined nine postulates of Disengagement theory. The first

postulate states that "although individuals differ, the expectation of death is universal

and decrement of ability is probable. Therefore a mutual severing of ties will take place

between a person and others in his society." A second postulate is that the

disengagement process reduces the number of normative expectations placed on older

adults and essentially frees them from social responsibilities. Disengagement is a

24

universal event, experienced across gender and cultures. Given the general conclusion

that personality traits remain stable after age 30, Costa and McCrae would argue that if

a 30 year old woman worried excessively about whether or not her husband's salary

was enough to make mortgage payments, then she also is likely to be worried about

having saved enough for her children's college tuition when she is 45 and is likely to be

worried about the adequacy of her husband's pension income at age 70. Since Costa

and McCrae suggest that personality traits remain stable through adulthood a high

degree of neuroticism, as reflected by a consistent and excessive level of anxiety and

worry, is likely to persist and find new focal points over time.

In regard to the second personality trait, the extroverted personality trait is characterized

by assertiveness, excitement seeking, and positive emotional experiences. Costa and

McCrae would suggest that extroversion remains stable through adulthood. A thirty five

year old oil wildcatter is more likely to be a 75 year old skydiver; conversely, someone

who spent the majority of his middle age as an introverted and unassertive biomedical

researcher is not likely to become a socially competent and effective university

administrator in older age. Such a transformation of personality traits, from introversion

to extroversion, is not a normal feature of personality maturation. Depression is a

serious illness affecting approximately 15 out of every 100 adults over age 65 in the

United States. The disorder affects a much higher percentage of people in hospitals and

nursing homes. In addition, the current population of older Americans came of age at a

time when depression was not understood to be a biological disorder and medical

illness. Therefore, some elderly fear being labeled "crazy," or worry that their illness will

be seen as a character weakness.

25

The depressed person or their family members may think that a change in mood or

behavior is simply "a passing mood," and the person should just "snap out of it." But

someone suffering from depression can not just "get over it." Depression is a medical

illness that must be diagnosed and treated by trained professionals.

From the research that we conducted, the result show that the level of depression of the

respondent at moderate level. Most of them didn’t feel stress or pressure during their

age and they mostly happy with their life. As we know when depression occurs in late

life, it sometimes can be a relapse of an earlier depression. But when it occurs for the

first time in older adults, it usually is brought on by another medical illness. When

someone is already ill, depression can be both more difficult to recognize and more

difficult to endure. Sadness associated with normal grief or everyday "blues" is different

from depression. A sad or grieving person can continue to carry on with regular

activities. Recognizing depression in the elderly is not always easy. It often is difficult for

the depressed elder to describe how he or she is feeling. Some of question that were

been ask during interview session about their feeling such as is there feeling cheerful

and good spirit in their life. Most of them answering “sometime” for that question and

show that they not always feeling cheerful. The others question is about a few

answering their life relaxed and calmed. We can conclude that during that age, they still

doing some work or activities to make sure they are doing something. Next, they were

been ask are there feel active and vigorous? Most of them are chosen right for the

question because during their age they spend a lot of time with their friends and family.

Sometime, they were spending time to get some light sports like jogging, farming,

fishing and few them involved in small business. Besides it was related with their rest

26

time, half of them wake up with fresh and feeling rested and half of them feeling that

feeling sometime. This showed we are founded the respondent that were very active

and their life and some of them are not. Often, sleep is disrupted and waking early in the

morning may be made worse by the mood being at its lowest in the mornings. Severe

depression reduces motivation and slows mind and body. Often it distorts thinking and

even memories, leaving the person preoccupied with negative themes such as poor

physical health, guilt, self-reproach and unworthiness. Agitation and anxiety sometimes

complicate depression and may paralyze the person’s capacity to make decisions or

manifest itself in constant seeking for comfort and reassurance. There may also be

more tearfulness than usual. Mania is far less common than depression in older people

and often occurs in persons with a long standing bipolar disorder. Its means that sleep

may affect their life style during that age. The last question was summaries the

depression cases during ageing stage and they have feeling their life with several of

activities and of course that activity was very interesting for them.

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6.0 CONCLUSION

The role that non-parents, particularly grandparents, can play in the lives of children can

be positive and enriching. However, some situations of access by a grandparent to a

grandchild have entered the courtroom suggests that the traditional notion of "one big

happy family" must be examined critically, and that sentimental, nostalgic assumptions

should be challenged in each case. More extensive empirical research is needed into

contemporary grandparent’s roles in general and into high conflict access situations, in

particular. As Thompson et al. stated:

The vagueness of statutory language concerning the "best interests" guideline and the

limited amount of research concerning grandparent and grandchild relationships make it

difficult to know what factors to evaluate and how to evaluate them when grandparents

petition for visitation rights. Given the variability and complexity of individual

grandparent-grandchild relationships and the families in which they occur, effective

judicial assessment of the child’s "best interests" is undermined by the absence of

reliable clinical or research procedures for answering these questions or even knowing

the proper questions to ask.

It may be that in appropriate cases mediation can help grandparents and parents come

together to work out an access arrangement that allows grandchildren to maintain an

existing relationship with their grandparents, while at the same time allowing the parents

to preserve their primary role in their children’s lives.

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However, if the matter is litigated, the manner in which the courts deal with access

claims between parents would usually not be the same as it would between a

grandparent and a parent. As such, the tests to determine the appropriateness of

access should be reviewed to determine which best serves the interests of children in

the context of their nuclear family unit, however constituted. As indicated, legislatures

should consider amending their relevant statutes, which would require holding a two-

stage hearing to determine the appropriateness of grandparent-grandchild access in

each case. Certainly, if it can be first demonstrated that a child may be harmed by the

cessation of pre-existing access, then the courts should consider the application based

on the best interests test. When harm cannot be shown then it is recommended that

there be no further inquiry. To do otherwise is for the state to intrude into the realm of

the parent-child relationship in a manner that may now countervene the Charter.

Broadening statutory entitlement for grandparents and others to have access to children

along the lines of article 611 of the Civil Code of Quebec, as recommended by the

Special Joint Committee on Child Custody and Access, is clearly contrary to the judicial

trend in both Canada and the United States. This trend is respectful of constitutional

considerations and of the parent-child relationship.

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7.0 REFERENCES

Heun, R., Bonsignore, M., Barkow, K., & Jessen, F. (2001). Validity of the five-item

WHO Well-Being Index (WHO-5) in an elderly population. European archives of

psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 251(2), 27-31.