NURNADIA BINTI ADZHAR NO. MATRIC : 08DEP17F1149

1

TITLE AUTOMATICWATERING PLANTS

DEPARTMENT ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING(COMMUNICATION)

NAME NURNADIA BINTI ADZHARNO MATRIC 08DEP17F1149

2

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of therequirements for the award of diploma in electrical

engineering communication

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZSHAH

DECEMBER 2019

3

DECLARATION

This Final Year Project is presented in partial fulfilment of therequirements for a diploma of electronic engineering communicationIt is entirely our own work and has not been submitted to anyUniversity or higher education institution or for any other academicaward in this Polytechnic This report has been made by me and thework has been fully acknowledged and fully referenced

Signature Authorrdquos Name Nurnadia Binti AdzharNo matric 08DEP17F1149Date

4

APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION

I certify that this project report ldquoAUTOMATIC WATERING PLANTSrdquowas prepared by Nurnadia Binti Adzhar has met the required forsubmission in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award inDiploma of Electrical Engineering Communication at PolytechnicSultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

Approved by

1) Signature Supervisor PN JULAIHA BINTI OSMANDate

2) Signature Supervisor PN MASRIAINI BINTI MANSORDate

3) Signature Supervisor DR MARLINA BINTI RAMLIDate

4) Signature Supervisor PN NOR ROFIZAH BINTI ABDUL MUTALIBDate

5

DEDICATION

I dedicated this project to all those humble beings who have guidedme in any way to become what I am today Whose scarifies seededmy success specially dedicated to my beloved mother fatherteachers who have felt my pain beyond us and showered us winnever ending prayers and support I deem them as a divine source ofinspiration

6

Table of ContentsAbstract 8Acknowledgments9CHEPTER 1 10INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT10PROJECT NAME AUTOMATED EXPEDIENTWATERING10SYSTEM FOR SMALL PLANTS1011 Project Background1112 Statement of Problem 1213 Research Objectives 13

131 Function13132 Benefits 13

14 Research Question1415 Scopes of Project 1416 The Definition of the important terms1417 Chapter Summary 14CHAPTER 215LITERATURE REVIEW1521 Introduction Chapter 1522 Previous Research 1623 Comparison of theWatering Plants 2024 Comparison Indoor Plants 2125 Chapter Summary 21CHAPTER 322METHODOLOGY 22System Description 2231 Introduction Chapter 2232 The Diagram2233 Logic Diagram2334 List Of Components used24

341 Arduino Micro-controller24342 Soil Moisture Sensor24343 Relay25344 Wi-Fi Module25345 DHT11 Sensor26346 Water Pump26347 Connecting leads and Pipe 26348 Batteries27349 Battery holder 27

35 Automatic Watering Plants Steps28First Step28Second Step 28Three Step28Fourth Step 29

7

36 Chapter Summary 31CHAPTER 432RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS3241 Preliminary3242 Background Research3243 Problem Statement3244 Research Objective 3345 Research Methodology 3346 Scope of the research 3347 Research Interests3448 The Definition of the terms3449 Result35410 Data Analysis 36411 Chapter Summary36CHAPTER 537DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION3751 Introduction Chapter 3752 Discussion3753 Conclusion3754 suggestion3855 Summary Chapter 38REFERENCES LIST39APPENDIX40A Gantt Chart 40B Budget Expenditure41C Business Modal Canvas 41D MYIPO42

8

Abstract

Proper watering is oxygen for the plants and trees which are grown in containersMany people unsure how to take good care of an expensive plants or trees likeBonsai because of improper timing or lack of watering An automated systemwhich is capable of perceiving the proper situation of watering plants can beconvenient in this regard In this paper a micro-controller board Arduino hasbeen used which has an ATMEGA 328p chip in it A couple of sensors areintegrated into it for detecting daylight moisture of soil and water level in theplantrsquos pot A program has been set to the Arduino to take the norm from thesensor comparing the retrieved value with our predefined standard thresholdand turn on or off the water pump according to the plants need A message alertsystem has been set to notify the owner if there is any problem in supplyingwater from the main source

9

Acknowledgments

Without the unconditional love of my parents and to my supervisor I would notbe where I am today and this project wouldnrsquot be possible Thank you for all ofyour continuous support and guidance in all of my endeavors Thank you forencouraging me to pursue my goals within the agriculture industry and thankyou for allowing me to be apart of the irrigation transition process I hold the upmost respect and deepest gratitude for each of you from the bottom of my heartthank you

10

CHEPTER 1INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT

PROJECT NAME AUTOMATED EXPEDIENTWATERINGSYSTEM FOR SMALL PLANTS

Introduction

The process of producing foods by plants or trees is called PhotosynthesisDuring photosynthesis plants and their organisms use Carbon Dioxide from Airand Water from soil or other source in the presence of light and produce Sugarand Oxygen The chemical reaction occurs in photosynthesis is

6CO2 + 6H2O rarr C6H12O6 + 6O2Carbon dioxide Water Sugar Oxygen

The core elements of photosynthesis are light water and carbon dioxide whichthey need together during photosynthesis Plants can get the carbon dioxideanytime as it can be found from the air and also daylight can be provided if it iskept in the right place Most of the time for the lacking of water the plants cannotraise well and become morbid On the other hand supply of excessive water at atime can result a venturesome effect on the plants especially the sensitive treeslike bonsai Such trees also need timely water supply for the perfect growth Thatmeans for the perfect growth water is needed in proper time along with properquantity Currently there are some micro-controller based plant watering projectavailable but the problem with the projects are they donrsquot have a particular timefor watering But there are some sensitive and expensive plants which needwater at the particular time and unusual watering could cause them to deathMoreover the best time for watering is early morning while the environment iscool This allows water to go into deep and reach the roots of the plants withouttoo much excess water lost to vaporization Watering at night could causedamage in the base of the plant and could also be responsible for fungalproblems such as powdery mildew or sooty mold which is very harmful forplants Besides the existing works do not have the feature to track any leakage inwater supply or identify the shortage in the water source As a result anyimplausible situation can be created in absence of person at home

To extrude all of these problems we have propounded a system for automatedwatering plants to make sure that the plants are getting water when its moistureof the soil is below a threshold value and sunlight is available The system hasalso feature of preventing over watering by measuring water level heightmaintaining continuous water supply so that the plants never getsde-moisturized and notify the owner by sending a particular message about theleakage in water supply or lack of water in the main water source

11

11 Project Background

Plants are a pleasing home decor for those longing for greener interior it can bea creative decorating ideas for homes too Besides growing plants in indoorspaces naturally help purify the air human breath and also acts as little oxygensupplier which is beneficial to human being It is proven in a study by NASA andthe Associated Landscape Contractors of America (ALCA) (Johnson 1989)

However most people faced problem in keeping their plant healthy and aliveAccording to some research people often tend to forget to nurture their plant(s)between daily activities (Sanberg 2012) The plant need to be watered with anadequate amount to keep them fertile The previous research said that theprincipal environmental requirements for plant growth include adequate spacefor root and canopy development sufficient light water oxygen carbon dioxideand mineral elements and temperature suitable for essential physiologicprocesses (Iles 2001) Therefore watering is an important activity in plant careEach plant needs vary adequate quantity of water because too much water cansuffocate plant roots and too little water causes growth to become erratic andstunted

12

12 Statement of Problem

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil It is used toassist in the growing of agricultural crops maintenance of landscapes and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequaterainfall When a zone comes on the water flows through the lateral lines andultimately ends up at the irrigation emitter (drip) or sprinkler heads Manysprinklers have pipe thread inlets on the bottom of them which allows a fittingand the pipe to be attached to them The sprinklers are usually installed with thetop of the head flush with the ground surface When the water is pressurized thehead will pop up out of the ground and water the desired area until the valvecloses and shuts off that zone Once there is no more water pressure in thelateral line the sprinkler head will retract back into the ground Emitters aregenerally laid on the soil surface or buried a few inches to reduce evaporationlosses

Healthy plants can transpire a lot of water resulting in an increase in thehumidity of the greenhouse air A high relative humidity (above 80-85) shouldbe avoided because it can increase the incidence of disease and reduce planttranspiration Sufficient venting or successive heating and venting can preventcondensation on plants surfaces and the greenhouse structure The use ofcooling systems during the warmer summer months increases the greenhouseair humidity During periods with warm and humid outdoor conditionshumidity control inside the greenhouse can be a challenge Greenhouses locatedin dry dessert environments benefit greatly from evaporative cooling systemsbecause large amounts of water can be evaporated into the incoming airresulting in significant temperature drops

Since the relative humidity alone does not tell us anything about theabsolute water holding capacity of air a different measurement is sometimeused to describe the absolute moisture status of the soil The vapor pressuredeficit is a measure of the difference between the amount of moisture the aircontains at a given moment and the amount of moisture it can hold at thattemperature when the air would be saturated Pressure deficit measurement cantell us how easy it is for plants to transpire higher values stimulate transpiration(but too high can cause wilting) and lower values inhibit transpiration and canlead to condensation on leaf and greenhouse surfaces

In the mid 20th century the advent of diesel and electric motors led tosystems that could pump groundwater out of major aquifers faster than drainagebasins could refill them This can lead to permanent loss of aquifer capacitydecreased water quality ground subsidence and other problems

Apart from all these problems and failures there has been a considerableevolution in the methods to perform irrigation with the help of technology Theapplication of technology in the areas of irrigation has proven to be of great helpas they deliver efficiency and accuracy

13

13 Research ObjectivesThe major objectives of the present work are The system support water management decision which determines the

controlling time for the process and monitoring the whole system throughWi-Fi module apps Blynk

The system continuously monitors the water level in the tank and provideaccurate amount of water required to the plant or tree(crop)

The system checks the temperature humidity and dew point so as toforecast the weather condition

Low cost and effective with less power consumption using sensors forremote monitoring and controlling devices which are controlling using aWi-Fi module using apps Blynk

131 Function

The Moisture sensor is used to measure the water content of soil When the soilis having water shortage the module output is at high level This sensor remindsthe user to water their plants and also monitors the moisture content of soilIt has been widely used in agriculture land irrigation and botanical gardening

132 Benefits

Ability to read soil voluemetric water content directly Low cost Continuous measurements at the same location

14

14 Research Question

This study will answer all the following research question

I What is solution to prevent climate changeII How to make tree conservation III How to take good care of an expensive plants or trees like Bonsai

15 Scopes of Project

This project is an improvement of conventional method of watering plants to theauto watering system The auto watering system development is divided intosoftware and hardware implementation and the development of this system willcover these areas

a) Arduino Uno Board and The Arduino programming languageb) The sensor systemc) The output system

16 The Definition of the important terms

Drip Irrigation ldquoa system of crop irrigation involving the controlled deliveryof water directly to individual plants through a network of tubes or pipes(Dictionary)rdquo

Micro-Sprinkler Irrigation ldquoMicro-irrigationrdquo means the application of smallquantities of water on or below the soil surface as drops or tiny streams of spraythrough emitter or applicators placed along a water delivery lineMicro-irrigation includes a number of methods or concepts such as bubbler driptrickle mist or micro-spray and subsurface irrigationrdquo

17 Chapter Summary

Finding a good balance between environment concerns and personal concernscan be quite difficult when it comes to farming Switching this orchard from adrip irrigation system to a micro irrigation system will solve both of theseconcerns This proposal is the perfect solution for not only PampS Ranch but formany valley farm currently facing this same problem With the ominous droughtand time being a concern many farmers and ranchers a looking fir quick solutionfor harvesting and irrigating Implementing this change is the first step and asignificant one in moving towards a more efficient farm

15

CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW

21 Introduction Chapter

ATMEGA micro-controller based plant irrigation system is proposed in Amoisture sensor used in the system which further connected with an op-amp andused to control the relay But they used only a single sensor to handle the wholesituation and the system cannot find the existence of any leaks in the system Asmart irrigation system is propounded in for the savings of water in the largefield But they considered only soil and temperature sensor in whichtemperature sensor is almost of no use Moisture sensor can handle the wholecriteria Besides the disadvantage of the system is that it cannot understand thewater level as a result savings of water actually not optimized In an automaticirrigation system using ZigBee in WSN has been proposed They usedtemperature soil moisture and the air humidity sensor to control the irrigationsystem But the system is not capable of predicting the best timing of wateringand also unable to measure the water level Moreover there is no autonotification system if there is a shortage in water supply

An automatic irrigation system has been proposed in using solar power But themost downside of a solar power system is that it hardly works at the rainyseason or winter If the crops are in a shaded zone crops wonrsquot get water and thesystem may fail Besides the system will only work in paddy fields There is alsoanother pullback of the system is that the system only measures the water levelabove the ground Here the fact is water doesnrsquot always stay on the ground afterwatering The soil absorbs it and reaches them to the plantrsquos root Now if thebase of a plant is always submersed in water it could get rotten and the plantswould die In such situation the systemmay cause bad damage

In the paper discusses about a watering system for gardening using WSNcontrolling the irrigation system using a valve The system only uses soilmoisture sensors which is not enough to detect the level of water in field aswater doesnrsquot instantly absorb by soil Moreover the system is not optimized forthe best timing of watering

The authors in presented a plant irrigation system using soil sensors whichwhenever generates a voltage the system converted the ADC module into 8 bitsignal which results carried classification The classification is dependent on lowmedium and high level of water requirement In It planter has been introducedwhich is an indoor cultivation device that has LED and water pump controlled byPIC This device is for researching plants by monitoring temperature light andwater level using thermos photo and water level sensor in it Some watermeasurement results have also been reported In the water status of economicplants has been monitored using continuous terahertz wave radiation Since anyradiation is harmful for human body or any animal so do terahertz radiation Butusing a sensor for monitoring the water status would be effective and healthyrather than terahertz radiation

16

22 Previous Research

221 Intelligent Irrigation Management System

It is widely known that water resources are decreasing around the world Rapidurbanization population growth industries and the expansion of agriculture areincreasing demand for freshwater In most countries including Algeria irrigationis the largest consumer of water with about 70 of all freshwater withdrawalsbeing used for irrigation Therefore it can be said that solving the problem ofwater scarcity is based on the adjustment of irrigation The aim of this paper is toshed light on the irrigation systems how they can be applied and what are theirbenefits With the adoption of solar energy to feed the system this energy sourceis strongly available in arid zones

Irrigation is strongly linked to food security This sector is largely affected bywater crisis Algeria like all African countries is largely affected by the scarcityof water In order to emerge from this crisis further efforts should be made todevelop the irrigation process The integration of new technologicaldevelopments such as wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things areamong the most important solutions to this crisis Besides solar power can beused to resolve energy constraints problem of WSN implementation In thispaper an intelligent irrigation management system will be proposed

[Review from Dassanayake et al Water saving through smarter irrigationin Australian dairy farming Use of intelligent irrigation controller andwireless sensor network paper presented at the 18th World IMACS MODSIM Congress (2009) Cairns Australia Fromhttpmssanzorgaumodsim09]

17

222 An Arduino-Based Wireless Sensor Network for Soil MoistureMonitoring Using Decagon EC-5 Sensors

According to a recent report by the United Nations the worldrsquos populationcontinues to increase reaching nearly 76 billion in mid-2017 adding one billionpeople since 2005 and two billion since 1993 The global population is growingby around 83 million per year and is expected to reach 86 billion in 2030 98billion in 2050 and 112 billion in 2100 Ensuring that agricultural productioncan satisfy the needs of a growing population not only globally but also locallypresents a tremendous challenge for farmers scientists and governments in the21st century

It is estimated that agricultural production will have to increase by 60 by 2050to satisfy the expected demands for food and feed During the Green Revolutionof the 1960rsquos the world was able to meet the demand of the growing populationfor food and fiber by predominantly developing new high-yielding crop hybridsincreasing the application of farm inputs (such as water fertilizers pesticidesherbicides) and improving mechanization of farm-ing operations At that timehowever the potential environmental impacts of considerably increasingapplication of farm inputs was not a major concern as it is today

Nowadays the impact of agricultural inputs on the environment especially insurface and groundwater resources is a critical aspect of current and futureagricultural practices At the same time the economic sustainability of modernfarming demands an ever more efficient use of agricultural inputs In additionthe potential challenges imposed by climate change on agricultural productionare also a major concern As a consequence in recent years many organizationssuch as The United Nations are promoting the concept of Climate-SmartAgri-culture as agriculture that sustainably increases productivity enhancesadapta-tion through increasing resilience enhances mitigation through reducingor re-moving greenhouse gases (mitigation) where and when possible andenhances achievement of national food security and development goals

In order to achieve agricultural systems that are socially environmentally andeconomically sustainable it is imperative that water resources and otheragri-cultural inputs are used efficiently This will require the development andadop-tion among growers of affordable and effective precision agricultural andirriga-tion technologies to enable farmers to apply water and other inputs whenwhere and in the amount needed to increase profits and protect theenviron-ment Soil moisture sensing is one of the technologies farmers can adoptto properly schedule irrigation which has been shown to potentially increaseprof-its while protecting the environment

Although many systems are commer-cially available for soil moisture monitoringa number of factors still limit their adoption for irrigation scheduling amongcommercial growers Consequent-ly irrigation scheduling decisions in mostcommercial farming operations are still based on ldquothe condition of the croprdquo Forexample found that around 95 of growers in South Carolina used ldquothecondition of the croprdquo to decide when to irrigate which exceeded the national

18

average of around 80 The fact that most farmers are basing irrigationscheduling decisions mainly on ldquothe con-dition of the croprdquo could potentiallycreate considerable production profitabili-ty and environmental problems Inrecent years however there has been considerable development in open-sourceelectronics wireless data communication and Inter-net-Of-Things technologiesthat provide opportunities for making soil moisture sensing technologies moreaccessible and more affordable for commercial growers Our objective in thisstudy was therefore to develop and test an affordable wireless communicationsystem for monitoring soil moisture using Decagon EC-5 sensors

[Review from httpcreativecommonsorglicensesby40 Joseacute O PayeroAli Mirzakhani Nafchi Rebecca Davis Ahmad Khalilian]

223 ARDUINO BASED SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING IOT

An automated irrigation system for efficient water management and intruderdetection system has been proposed Soil Parameters like soil moisture pHHumidity are measured and the Pressure sensor and the sensed values aredisplayed in LCD The intruder detection system is done with the help of PIRsensor where the birds are repelled from entering into the field The GSMmodule has been used to establish a communication link between the farmer andthe field The current field status will be intimated to the farmer through SMSand also updated in the webpage The farmer can access the server about thefield condition anytime anywhere thereby reducing the man power and time

[Review from httpswwwresearchgatenetpublication321854296 Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineeri

ngSri Ramakrishna Institute Of Technology Coimbatore

RNandhini SPoovizhi Priyanka Jose RRanjitha DrSAnila]

19

224 A Smart IoT Fuzzy Irrigation System

Water scarcity is on one of the major concerns of today‟s agriculture Efficientirrigation of agricultural land could be accomplished with the help of smartirrigation systems Smart irrigation systems have as primary goal theminimization of water consumption and the maximization of quantity and thequality of the crops A trade of between these three amounts could be madeAnother concern that irrigation systems have is the power consumption of thesystem As most of agricultural land is located in isolated places without stableelectrical powerline the power of the system is an important factor Smartirrigation systems use actuators and sensors to control the ground moisture ofthe agricultural land The data collected from the sensors could be send throughthe Internet of Things (IoT) to data servers for statistical information andprocessing On this basis we propose our smart - fuzzy irrigation system ofarable areas With the help of multiple soil moisture sensors effective irrigationof agricultural land that increase production and minimize water consumption isachieved A fuzzy computational algorithm is proposed that determines theamount of the opening of the central servo valve of the irrigation system Thisfuzzy algorithm has as input interspersed in the field multiple soil moisturesensors Soil moisture is constantly monitored The data collected from thesensors is sent to server for statistical analyses

[Review from wwwiosrjenorg George Kokkonis1 Sotirios Kontogiannis2

Dimito Tomtsis1 1Dept of Business administration Western Macedonia University of Applied Studies Greece (gkokkonistomtsis)teiwmgr 2Deptof Mathematics University of Ioannina Greece skontogiannisccuoigr ]

225 Implementation of an automated irrigation system

The main aim of this paper is to develop an automated irrigation system basedon sensors which are interfaced to the microcontroller unit The sensors used inthis paper are temperature and humidity sensor DHT11 sensor and soil moistureVH400 These sensors are interfaced to the microcontroller unit and the wholeunit was placed under the root zone of the plant The main motive of usingmicrocontroller is to send an SMS to the mobile phone of an owner who is in theremote location The sending of SMS is done by using SIM900A module which isalso interfaced to the microcontroller unit The irrigation system is tested underdifferent temperatures and humidity levels of different plants under normal andwet conditions The use of soil moisture sensor is to limit the water content tothe particular areas Throughout all the values obtained in wet and normalconditions are proved to be intuitive

[Review from httpswwwresearchgatenetpublication283230079Dr V Berlin Hency School of Electronics Engineering Vit University Chenna

i Indiaamp U N V P Rajendranath School of Electronics Engineering Vit

University Chennai india]

20

23 Comparison of theWatering Plants

TRADITIONALWATERING PLANTS VS AUTOMATIC WATERING PLANTS

Traditional Watering Plants Automatic Watering Plants

Watering your lawn is easierthan doing it by hand Traditionallawn sprinkler systems are asuperior choice to simply walkingaround with a water hose Theyallow you to simply place thesprinkler where necessary and letthe system do its job

Programmable wateringschedules Automatic lawnsprinkler systems help run awatering schedule followingpresets Add in the fact that somesystems have rain sensors ortemperature gauges that helpadapt watering schedules to bemore efficient and you can see whytheyrsquore a great option forhomeowners

Wasted water It goes withoutsaying but failing to turn off yourwater sprinklers can mean a costlywater bill This comes as a result ofyou having to manually shut off thesystem once you feel that the lawnhas been properly watered

Time saved It goes withoutsaying but using an automaticlawn sprinkler system saves timethat would otherwise be spent onmanually watering your lawn orsetting down sprinklers

The lawnmay or may not bewatered correctly As mentionedbefore you are responsible forturning off the water sprinklersThis means that you may overwater or underwater if you turn offthe system before

Precise watering that betterreaches the root systemInstalling multiple sprinkler headsthroughout your lawn can ensurethat you have your entire lawncovered This in turn helps solvemany of the headaches commonlyexperienced with knowingwhether yoursquove over watered orunderwater your lawn

21

24 Comparison Indoor Plants

Bonsai Cactus

SoilWater the trees when thesoil gets slightly dry

This means you should notwater your tree when the soilis still wet but only when itfeels slightly dry use soilmoisture sensor to check thesoil at around 1cm( centimeter) deep

Water the tree when the soilgets dry

This means the Cactus needs asoil with excellent drainage Ifitrsquos in the ground that mightmean adding some loam toyour soil

WateringNever water on a routine

Keep observing your treesindividually instead ofwatering them on a dailyroutine so that usedAutomatic Watering Plantsto set the watering dailywater

Never water on a routine

cactus does not need muchwater it is best to haveintervals where you add a littlewater but always using thesame amount

TemperatureSubtropical Bonsai trees canwithstand somewhat lowertemperatures and generallythrive when they enjoy awinter season withtemperatures well below thatof the standard roomtemperature

The favorable temperature forindoor gardenias is about 70degrees Fahrenheit during theday and about 60 degreesFahrenheit during the nightWarm days and cool nights areperfect for blooming gardeniaplants

25 Chapter Summary

With this information provided above it is apparent that many component andfactor go into implementing a new micro-sprinkler irrigation system With all ofthe technology and different equipment that goes into irrigation system waterconservation will also be a factor All of these systems and equipment describedabove go hand in hand with having a properly functioning irrigation systemThese are the systems that will be used throughout this proposal

22

CHAPTER 3METHODOLOGY

System Description


At this chapter 3 research methodology you will know the design datacollections method and Instruments We also show you how we design ourproduct What method we use So below is the explanation about this chapter

32 The DiagramThe whole system is based on the micro-controller board Arduino which isintegrated three sensors- soil moisture sensor water level sensor and photo cellA Single Channel Relay module has been used to activate and deactivate theWater Pump and the apps in the handphone display is attached to show thecurrent sensor values as well as to report the current status of the soil waterlevel daylight and water pump The Wifi module is needed to send notification tomobile using apps Blynk A 6v DC power supply is needed to power up thecircuit

23

33 Logic Diagram

At first we have initialized specific pins for the three sensors relay channelLEDs and serial monitor port After that we have initialized soil moisture sensorphoto sensor water level sensor as analog input and relaypin greenLED andredLED as digital output The system accepts values from sensors at regularinterval The controller processes the values and transmit to RX module We havetaken the threshold value of soil moisture sensor photocell sensor and waterlevel sensor as 950 500 and 200 respectively The power on of the red LEDindicates that the plant needs water at the moment and the relay will be turnedinto active high The power on of the green LED indicates that the plant does notneed water and the relay will be turned into active low

24

34 List Of Components used

341 Arduino Micro-controllerThe Arduino Uno microcontroller board used here is based on Atmega328P Itconsists of 14 digital input output pins 6 analog inputs a 16 MHz quartz crystala USB connection a power jack an ICSP header and a reset button

342 Soil Moisture SensorA capacity contact soil moisture sensor is used Soil moisture sensor measuresthe volumetric water content of the soil by some indirect methods whichincludes measuring different properties of soil like electrical resistancedielectric constant and interaction with neutrons It has one probe like structurewhich will be dipped inside the soil The circuit part of the sensor contains 4 pinsie Vin ground AO (analog output) DO (digital output) The moisture sensorprovides an analogue output which can be easily interfaced with the Arduino

25

343 RelayRelay is a switch which is operated electrically Relay is used when it is necessaryto control a circuit by separate low power signal Here it is used to control thewater pump The relay used here also contains an inbuilt motor driver requiredfor the pump

344 Wi-Fi ModuleThe ESP8266 WiFi module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCPIPprotocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi networkThe ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Finetworking function from another applications from another applicationprocessor

26

345 DHT11 SensorDHT11 sensor measures both the temperature and humidity of root zone of theplant This sensor consists of three pins named as power supply ground andanother is data pin used measure the data of the sensor This sensor hasprotecting shield above that which withstand in any climatic conditions Thissensor has a high reliability and excellent long terms stability This sensor is usedat the root zones of the plants such that it measures both temperature andhumidity at a time The measured data is send to the analog pins of an ARDUINOboard such that it coverts in to the digital output and displays both values usingthe apps Blynk

346 Water PumpA pump is used to transport the water from the tank or reservoir

347 Connecting leads and PipeConnecting leads are required to connect all components and pipe to transferwater

27

348 BatteriesA batteries are common in portable electronic devices An AA battery iscomposed of a single electrochemical cell that may be either a primary battery(disposable) or a rechargeable battery Several different chemistries are used fortheir constructionwe used four battery to run the water pump each battery has 15v onlyThe water pamp is use 6v

349 Battery holderA battery holder is one or more compartments or chambers for holding abatteryFor dry cells the holder must also make electrical contact with thebattery terminalsFor wet cells cables are often connected to the battery terminals as is found inautomobiles or emergency lighting equipment

28

35 Automatic Watering Plants Steps

First StepConnect an Arduino to the power supply

Second StepConnect the Blynk Apps to the Wi-Fi modul

Three StepConnect the relay to the battery 6volt to run the water pump Next relay is used tocontrol the water pump The relay used here also contains an inbuilt motor driverrequired for the pump

29

Fourth StepStart measures both the temperature and humidity of root zone of the plant Thensoil moisture sensor measures the volumetric water content of the soil by someindirect methods which includes measuring different properties of soil like electricalresistance dielectric constant and interaction with neutrons

DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30

Final results from the Blynk Apps

DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary

This project will beneficial to the society especially for those are busy with tightschedule whose do not have time to watering their plant the people that usuallyforget to watering the plant the people that often go travelling and outstationBesides that this project proposed a solution by providing a method and systemto facilitate human in watering plant task

Further studies on the systemrsquos approaches and method can be used to developso that applicable in the wide areas such as to watering the plantation with alarge number of crops This project also contributes ideas for researchers todevelop watering and irrigation system using Arduino system

32

CHAPTER 4RESULT AND DATA ANALYSIS

41 Preliminary

In this topic we are going to discuss about our analysis that have been answer by100 respond related to our research that is Automatic Watering Plans Ouranalysis location is around Shah Alam Selangor The result is taken based on therespond from the questionnaire we make that we had published Our type ofquestionnaire consist 10 questions

42 Background Research

Agriculture is the backbone of all developed countries It uses 85 of availablefresh water resources worldwide and this percentage continues to be dominantin water consumption because of population growth and increased food demandDue to this efficient water management is the major concern in many croppingsystem in arid and semi-arid areas An automated irrigation system is needed tooptimize water use for agricultural crops The need of automated irrigationsystem is to overcome over irrigation and under irrigation More Over irrigationoccurs because of poor distribution or management of waste water chemicalwhich leads to water pollution Under irrigation leads to increased soil salinitywith consequent buildup of toxic salts on the soil surface in areas with highevaporation To overcome these problems and to reduce the mane powerAutomatic Watering Plants has been used

43 Problem Statement

People nowadays are too busy with their work Most of them tend to focus onsomething until they neglect their home task such as watering the plant This isbecause people do not know how to manage their time properly Here by theeffective solution to this problem is to design an automatic and notification plantwatering system By using this system it will notify the user and the feedbackfrom this notification will start automatically watering the plant From theproblem faced we come out to design an Automatic Watering Plants

33

44 Research Objective

The overall objective of this project is to design a automatic watering plants thatwill determine when a lawn needs to be watered and how much it needs to bewatered Below are the objective that will make this possible To demonstrate to the market the technical and economical feasibility of the

application of the watering plant technology for a consistent water reductionin household application

To confirm and set up the best production process for the solution proposedin terms of performances energy consumption resources utilizationenvironmental impacts

To ensure the most effective introduction of the innovative automaticwatering plants solution into the target markets through the developmentexploitation and dissemination activity

45 Research Methodology

There are few systems proposed may related to the gravimetric method to helphuman to watering the plant As an example a watering system that has precisewater dispenser for plants in greenhouse This system also expressed in weightA common method of restoring moisture stress to the desired level is to addwater periodically to the pot until the original weight of the pot and plant isreached However this system requires human to measures weight of the potmanually on a balance or scale and adding water until the original weight isreached Even though this method is give accurate result however it is notsuitable for frequent watering task since every plant may have different growingrate Moreover as the time passes by the original weight need to be adjustedperiodically since the plant growth and the weight may increase Therefore itmay be desirable to adjust the original weight to account for changes in plantweight as growth occurs This method is beneficial to save a lot of time inwatering a large number of potted plants because the apparatus dispenses thewater automatically into the pot and restore the weight by adding wateraccording to the set weight

46 Scope of the research

This project is use to keep plants watered automatically by sending notificationsto the user The focus group of this system is for people who are always busy andcannot manage their time properly to water their own plant Users will provided4 sensors and put the sensor at the soil The water will be control using anautomatic valve which will activate when the user give feedback Water will flowvia tubes to the plants

34

47 Research Interests

We have made the Automatic Watering Plants The result for our group iscompletely done Next an our research Is very important to us because the usercan product perfectly The main objective of this Automatic Watering Plants is tomake it more innovative user friendly time saving and more efficient than theexisting system Measuring four parameters such as soil moisture temperaturehumidity and pH values and the system also includes intruder detecting systemDue to server updates user can know about crop field nature at anytimeanywhere using apps Blynk in their smart phone

In this era plants is very important to take care It is because all living thinksneed oxygen to live healthy in this earth So for our project it will help human topreserve the trees and to save our earth from natural disaster such as globalwarming landslide and floods Lastly they can start preserve trees in an indoorarea such as house and more over

48 The Definition of the terms

The Automatic Watering Plants is a system that is use to give notifications aboutthe condition of the soil and automatically water the plants This device will readthe condition of the soil and give notifications to the user via Blynk Apps (IoT)According to the userrsquos response the system will then open a valve and waterwill flow to the designated plants The main idea of the system is to help peopleto take care of their plants when they are not at home The system comprises ofan Arduino Mega 328p Soil moisture relay wi-fi module DHT11 sensor waterpump battery holder connecting leads and pipe batteries 6volt The data fromthe sensors will be used to send handphone using Blynk Apps to the user and theuserrsquos response will control the opening of the value

35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA

The chart shows a result from our QampA The blue bar is present the automaticwatering plants and the orange bar present for traditional watering plants usinghuman energy Furthermore our final project can save time money water andhuman energy Without this final project people must watering their plants bythem self This is cause humans are wast their time and water just to wateringthe plants In this area plants is very important to save the earth such as globingwarming and to give oxygen to the living thing Therefor our project will helphuman to take a good care for their plants they can control the water amountand set the routine by using automatic watering plants Lastly I hope manypeople buy this product and save the earth together

411 Chapter Summary

As conclusion at this chapter was we know Introduction Background ResearchStatement of Problem Research Objective Research Question Scope of theResearch Research Interests The Definition of the terms and Result at thischapter We can design a good quality of our product so that consumers can useit wisely Secondly we develop a higher quality of save an earth from globalwarming Thirdly to make people always take care of the plants in their house orindoor areas Lastly we can save the earth together and live healthy forever andever

37

CHAPTER 5DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION


In this chapter we will discuss and conclusion our project AUTOMATICWATERING PLANTS know as a system used to measures the volumetric watercontent of the soil by some indirect methods which includes measuring differentproperties of soil like electrical resistance dielectric constant interaction withneutrons and watering the plants After we finish the project we know ourproject can help humans to easily watering their plants using automatic wateringplants and save water time and energy Beside that we also learn manyknowledge from this project Lastly below is the explanation about this chapter

52 Discussion

After we finish our project we test the project and encounter the problem of thisproject Then after finish the project we know that the project have someproblems in water pump which is the water can not stop watering the plants It isbecause we have error in the coding Furthermore we build a new coding so thethe water pump can follow the relay Next the project have delay to watering theplants Therefore we build another coding to the WiFi coding it is because wewant our project does not have delay anymore More over our project will givenotification to the owner to watering their plants through smart phone usingBlynk apps Lastly when we encounter these problem we will improve ourproject more perfect

53 Conclusion

Creating developing and implementing this an automatic watering plantsproposal was a success The proposal plan not only met the objectives outlined inChapter One but also met the desired goals for global warming to save the earth Each aspect that needed to be adequately addressed and developed was reachedin a way that made the automatic watering plants proposal realistic and feasibleThis an automatic watering plants once put into the bonsai will be able towatering efficiently as well as meet the needs bonsai tree

38

54 suggestion

After we doing the QampA question interview and join the presentation we getmany suggestion from the people which is the workers contestant and professorlevel senior engineering We know our project has many thing to improve andbecome product to let consumer to consumption Our project is to easilywatering the plants without waste the water time and energy This project alsofocus to indoor plant and sensitive plants For example Bonsai and Cactus It isbecause the trees have their watering routine to make the plants healthy Besidethat we believe our project can follow up to the next generation and become thecommons people to use it Lastly whatever the cost is quite expensive ourproject is giving a good result to make people always take care to the plants toget a batter life for the future to make earth always have a good oxygen andforever save to living thing

55 Summary Chapter

In this chapter we encounter the problem for our project Automatic WateringPlants Suddenly we also find the solution to solve the problem that weencounter Beside that our project is not competitiveness because it is the firstproject in Malaysia From our research western countries did not have theproject like our project This project can keep pace with the times and we willimprove our project become more easy to use and reduce the cost to let morepeople to have it

39

REFERENCES LIST

1 Almondscom How Almonds Are Used Around The World | CaliforniaAlmonds Np 2015 Web 17 May 2015 fromhttpwwwalmondscomconsumersabout- almondsglobal-almond-usage

2 Bowsmith Micro-Irrigation Np 2015 Web 17 May 2015 fromhttpwwwbowsmithcomassetsbowsmith_designaids_completepdf

3 Drip and Micro-Spray Irrigation Introduction (2010 January 1) RetrievedNovember 19 2014 fromhttpwwwallianceforwaterefficiencyorgDrip_and_MicroSpray_Irrigation_Introductionaspx

4 High FlowHigh Efficiency Centrifugal Irrigation Pumps (2015) Retrieved May17 2015 fromhttpwwwberkeleypumpscomResidentialProduct_series_niagara_high_flow_high_efficiencyaspxHolthaus Eric 10 Percent of Californiarsquos Water Goes to Almond Farming ThatrsquosNutsSlate Magazine Np 2015 Web 16 May 2015 fromhttpwwwslatecomarticlestechnologyfuture_tense201405_10_percent_of_c alifornia_s_water_goes_to_almond_farminghtml

5 ICID Resources - Irrigation History (2014 November 17) RetrievedNovember19 2014 from httpwwwicidorgres_irri_sourcehtml

6 Irrigation | Almond Board of California (2013 January 1) RetrievedNovember 16 2014 fromhttpwwwalmondscomgrowersirrigationtc-irrigation- management

7 J Schwankl L (nd) Microirrigation Systems Retrieved November 19 2014from httpfruitsandnutsucdavisedufiles73686pdf

8 Microirrigation (2013 October 1) Retrieved November 16 2014 fromhttpdirectivesscegovusdagovOpenNonWebContentaspxcontent=34517wb a

9 Natural Resources Conservation Service (2010 May 1) Retrieved November19 2014 fromhttpwwwnrcsusdagovwpsportalnrcsdetailcanewsroomstoriescid=nrcs144p2_064174

10 Resources University Sand Media Filters Micromaintainucanredu Np2015 Web17 May 2015 fromhttpmicromaintainucanreduSolutionsknowParticulate_problemsIII2ASand_Media_Filters_136

40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15

Project titleselection

ProjectresearchLiteratureReview

(progress)Discussionwith adviserabout projectProject initialproposal

presentationProject initialsubmissionProducecircuit

simulationUnderstanding soldering

technique andtools

Constructproject andtest usingappropriate

stepsPresentationproject

methodologyproject

Submit finalreport

Testing orverificationSubmit draft

report

Plan Done

41

B Budget Expenditure

Numbers Components Price (RM)1 Arduino Micro-controller 50002 Soil Moisture Sensor 20003 Relay 15004 Wi-Fi Module 20005 Water Pump 15006 Connecting leads and Pipe 2007 DHT11 Sensor 20008 Battery Holder 5009 Batteries 70010 TOTAL 15400

C Business Modal Canvas

42

D MYIPO

43

2

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of therequirements for the award of diploma in electrical

engineering communication

Faculty of Electrical Engineering

POLITEKNIK PREMIER SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZSHAH

DECEMBER 2019

3

DECLARATION



4



Approved by





5

DEDICATION


6






7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

3

DECLARATION



4



Approved by





5

DEDICATION


6






7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

4



Approved by





5

DEDICATION


6






7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

5

DEDICATION


6






7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

6






7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

7


8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

8

Abstract


9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

9

Acknowledgments


10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

10



Introduction





11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

11




12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

12







13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

13






131 Function


132 Benefits


14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

14










17 Chapter Summary


15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

15







16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

16






17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

17







18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

18








19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

19










20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

20










21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

21


Bonsai Cactus











25 Chapter Summary


22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

22


System Description




23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

23

33 Logic Diagram


24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

24




25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

25



26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

26




27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

27



28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

28





29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

29


DRY SOIL

WET SOIL

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

30


DRY SOIL Result

WET SOIL Result

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

31

36 Chapter Summary



32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

32


41 Preliminary






33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

33










34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

34






35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

35

49 Result

Result for dry soil

Result for wet soil

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

36

410 Data Analysis

Result QampA


411 Chapter Summary


37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

37




52 Discussion


53 Conclusion


38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

38

54 suggestion


55 Summary Chapter


39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

39

REFERENCES LIST











40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

40

APPENDIX

A Gantt Chart

Lecturer week

ProjectActivities

LW1

LW2

LW3

LW4

LW5

LW6

LW7

LW8

LW9

LW10

LW11

LW12

LW13

LW14

LW15






technique andtools



methodologyproject

Submit finalreport


report

Plan Done

41




42

D MYIPO

43

41




42

D MYIPO

43

42

D MYIPO

43

NURNADIA BINTI ADZHAR NO. MATRIC : 08DEP17F1149

Documents

Transcript of NURNADIA BINTI ADZHAR NO. MATRIC : 08DEP17F1149