NoCO2 Program Guide

1 October 2016 Version 2.1

Carbon Reduction Institute Suite 1304/213 Miller St, North Sydney NSW 2060P: +61 2 8228 7300 | F: +61 2 8228 7350 | www.noco2.com.au | info@noco2.com.au | ABN: 26 122 969 233

Program Guide Contents

AboutProgram Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 1

From the Managing Director ................................................................................................................................. 2

Benefits of Joining the NoCO2 Program .............................................................................................................. 3

MeasureYour Carbon Emissions Assessment .................................................................................................................... 4

Data Collection for Audits ...................................................................................................................................... 6

Carbon Audit Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 12

The Audit Report ..................................................................................................................................................... 15

CertifyBecoming Certified ................................................................................................................................................. 16

Maintaining your Certification .............................................................................................................................. 18

ReduceCarbon Offsets ........................................................................................................................................................ 19

Standards for Carbon Offset Projects .................................................................................................................. 21

Further Notes on Kyoto and Non-Additionality .................................................................................................. 23

Carbon Reduction Strategies ………........................................................................................................................ 24

Energy Walk Around Instructions .......................................................................................................................... 28

MANAGEThe CRI Carbon Offset ‘Balance Sheet’ ................................................................................................................. 29

COMMUNICATETop 20 Marketing Ideas ......................................................................................................................................... 30

Getting the most out of your certification …........................................................................................................ 31

How you can use the Certification Logos ............................................................................................................ 33

Disclosure and Marketing Statements ................................................................................................................ 40

Conditions of Logo Use ......................................................................................................................................... 41

Corporate Identity & Style ..................................................................................................................................... 42

Low Carbon Economy Directory ........................................................................................................................... 49

APPENDIX 1: About the Carbon Reduction Institute ....................................................................................... 50

APPENDIX 2: A bit on Climate Change .............................................................................................................. 51

APPENDIX 3: What People are Saying about Climate Change ....................................................................... 53

APPENDIX 4: Inputs into Emissions Assessments (Events and Wineries) .................................................... 54

APPENDIX 5: Sample Carbon Offset Project we Support ............................................................................... 56

APPENDIX 6: Energy Walk Around Worksheets ............................................................................................... 58

APPENDIX 7: Case Studies .................................................................................................................................. 68

References ....................................................................................................................................................... 77

NoCO2 Program Guide©2015 Carbon Reduction Institute

1

Your Guide to the NoCO2 Certification Program

About

Quick Page Reference:

1. Measure Page 5 Everything you need to know about your carbon audit including data collection instructions on page 7

2. certify Page 17 Committing to real climate change action

3. Reduce Page 20 Taking steps to lower your footprint

4. Monitor Page 30 Maintaining your certification

5. Promote Page 31 Market your action to stakeholders

Figure 1 - NoCO2 Program Guide Diagram

2

Ab

ou

tMeasure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

From the Managing DirectorThank you for engaging the Carbon Reduction Institute to assist you in reducing your impact on climate change. By taking action now your company is showing leadership and is at the forefront of the most important issue of our time.

The IssueOver the past 150 years industrialised nations throughout the world have released vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the Earth’s atmosphere and altered the state of our climate. The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change declares with very high confidence [95% certainty] that the net effect of human activities since 1750 has been one of warming.[1] A consensus amongst scientists has been reached and they have projected an average temperature increase of 0.2 degrees per decade for the next two decades.[2] The level of temperature change beyond this point will depend on the level of emissions growth. The report forecasts a range of global temperature increases from 1.1°C to 6.4°C above 1990 temperatures by 2100 and a sea level increase of between 18 and 59 centimetres by the turn of this century.[3] These changes in the sea levels will be felt through increases in intensity and frequency of storm surges, increased erosion, loss of important wetlands and mangroves, impact on coastal ecosystems and destruction of human settlements. In Australia, the CSIRO reports that a 2 degree rise in global temperatures will result in the destruction of natural wonders like the Great Barrier Reef and cause losses of many thousands of jobs.

As the world’s population and consumption rates continue to grow, the climate crisis will only get worse. Political stalling in Australia has resulted in continued growth in emissions output, further exacerbating the problem; without any effective strategy in place to deal with the growing problem. For now, taking action to curb greenhouse gas emissions is left up to us — individuals and businesses who see beyond the politics and understand there is a good business case for taking action now.

A Solution for your OrganisationAny credible claims on reducing a carbon footprint must begin with knowing exactly what that footprint is. By measuring the inputs and outputs of your business, you understand emissions sources and are better positioned to implement effective reduction strategies. These could include energy efficiency, waste management, staff education, operational improvements and cultural change. Ultimately it is unlikely you will be able to reduce your emissions completely, so with your unavoidable impact, the fastest and most effective way to zero your footprint is to purchase verified carbon offsets.

For taking such action, we believe companies should be rewarded and reap the benefits of a growing ‘green’ consumer market. By measuring, reducing and offsetting your carbon footprint under the NoCO2 Program, you not only receive marketing & communications advantages (such as logo recognition and media opportunities) you also become a part of the Low Carbon Economy Directory (www.LowCO2.com.au) - a community of hundreds of like-minded businesses within which you can source and promote low carbon products and services.

This document is provided as a resource to guide you through these actions; from data collection for the initial carbon audit, through to promoting your certification. We hope this NoCO2 Program Guide assists you in understanding how easy and effective climate change action can be for your business.

As Managing Director and Co-Founder of CRI, it is my hope that joining the NoCO2 Program is an enlightening and enjoyable experience, and that you see the many benefits and great value NoCO2 certification can offer your business.

Myself and the team at CRI are always keen to hear about the successes and challenges of taking action on climate change. We welcome your feedback and are continually making improvements and enhancements to the program so you get the best out of it.

Rob Cawthorne

Managing Director

1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Climate Change (2007) Synthesis Report. Viewed online, 2nd January 2008. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_reports.shtml#1, page 6. Note that 1750 is used as a base year to mark pre industrial times. [2] Ibid, pg 7[3] Ibid, pg 9

3

Ab

ou

tMeasure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Benefits of Joining the NoCO2 Program

NoCO2 Certification can provide:• Competitive advantages over non-certified businesses

• Increased consumer loyalty and tapping into the growing ‘green’ market

• Preparation of your business for future regulations on climate change

• Enhanced public and environmental profile of your business

• New branding, marketing and even product opportunities

• Media opportunities

• Potential financial savings from identified and implemented reduction strategies

• Staff education and engagement

• Attracting Gen Y employees to your organisation

• Increased online presence through the Low Carbon Economy Directory website

• Promotion directly with the captive market of the Low Carbon Economy businesses

In order to reap the greatest rewards out of your certification we recommend that you promote it to investors, customers and suppliers and make those who work with you aware of the effective climate change action you have taken. Read more about marketing your certification in the COMMUNICATE section of this guide.

All clients that join the program receive:• The most comprehensive organisational greenhouse gas audit in the industry, written in compliance with leading

international standards

• Identification of immediate cost and emissions saving opportunities and assistance in implementation

• Logo usage (according to certification); as well as banners, stickers, posters and a range of POS material to kick start your marketing and communication initiatives

• Dedicated webpage in the Low Carbon Economy Directory website (www.LowCO2.com.au) that contains clear disclosure of your achievements in tackling climate change

• Ongoing monitoring and advice to ensure that your brand receives the maximum long term value from certification

• Entry into the LOW CARBON ECONOMY DIRECTORY

Well over 150 companies from a wide array of industry sectors currently enjoy the benefits of certification in the NoCO2 Program; from hotels and cafes, to fund managers, insurance bodies, wineries and paper merchants.

Please refer to a selection of Case Studies at the back of this document to see how businesses, products and services have taken advantage of the NoCO2 Program and the benefits it offers.

4

Your Carbon Emissions AssessmentIn order for any organisation to manage the impact of its greenhouse gas emissions, it must first quantify them. The Carbon Reduction Institute (CRI) does this by conducting an emissions audit. The methodology used and the approach taken is explained in the following section:

Types of Carbon AuditsDepending on your certification level, there are different types of audits undertaken.

• NoCO2 Audit—This is for businesses which have a view to becoming carbon neutral. It covers all emissions your business is considered responsible for, explained below.

• LowCO2 Audit—For businesses which cannot feasibly achieve NoCO2 or Carbon Neutral status (ie. A Travel Agent); a LowCO2 Audit can be conducted which gives an ‘operational’ footprint.

• Product Life-Cycle Analysis — Provides an inventory of all emissions in relation to the production and delivery of products. This can include comparative studies and / or industry benchmarking.

• Event Assessment—Measures all of the inputs and outputs associated with running an event . An event audit allows the event organiser to achieve carbon neutral status for the event.

• Customised approaches—All NoCO2 and Product audits aim to capture 100% of emissions the entity is responsible for. In some instances, more customised information is needed in order to capture this. For example, a NOCO2 Audit for a winery will need to include information about grapes grown, fertilizers used, types of packaging etc. We often adapt our information requirements according to the specific business type.

MEASURE

Figure 2 - Inputs into Emissions Assessments (NoCO2)

5

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

CommunicatePlease refer to Appendix 4 for Inputs into Emissions Assessments for EVENTS and WINERIES

Figure 3 - Inputs into Emissions Assessments (LowCO2)

Figure 4 - Inputs into Emissions Assessments (Product Life Cycle)

6

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Data Collection for AuditsThe collection of data is the first step of the process that CRI uses to determine your organisation’s carbon footprint. To the uninitiated, collecting data for a carbon audit can be a complex process so we have created a step by step reference to assist you.

Please read through the Data Collection process below and simply follow the instructions to collect the data that we need. As you do so, cross it off the checklist that we have provided. The data that is required for the NoCO2 audit is more extensive than for the LowCO2 audit so please use this checklist to determine the data that we need.

Please don’t hesitate to talk to us at any time if you need help!

Data Collection ChecklistProviding the data for your audit will help us complete the first step of your measure, reduce and offset process. We’ve made this checklist to help you keep track of where you’re at in collecting the information we need to complete the audit.

Remember, you will need to provide data for each year you are certified and you may also be required to report some of your data on a quarterly basis. We would suggest that you put in place some simple procedures for the capture and storage of this data for when it is required by CRI.

NoCO2 LowCO2 Complete

Collected 12 months worth of electricity bills for all sites for your company? * *Collected 12 months worth of gas bills for all sites for your company? * *Had all of your colleagues fill out the online staff travel survey? * *Provided the list of flights undertaken in the last financial year? * *Provided an export of your expenses from your company’s profit and loss? * N/A

Provided a depreciation schedule from the last financial year? * N/A

Filled in the waste survey? * *Completed the fuels and refrigerant gases survey? * **You may wish to make your own checklist if you have multiple offices

The data collected is mostly based on the previous financial year’s information (depending on how your organisation manages its accounts). Once the data collection process is underway, there is often some ‘back-and-forth’ required between our auditors and people in your organisation (such as accountants, bookkeepers, administration staff etc.). The more clear and organised the data you provide, the less time required to complete the data collection process. Please note, generally our auditors do not commence an audit until all required data is received and checked.

7

Data Collection Instructions - ELECTRICITY

Why Electricity?It’s easy to forget when you’re listening to your favourite tunes, or making that cup of coffee that the outlet that you’re connected into is wired through poles and cables to an electricity network that’s one of the dirtiest in the world. Australia gets around 90% of its electricity from burning coal and natural gas; the result being mega-tonnes of carbon dioxide, rising sea levels, coral bleaching and spread of disease vectors like Malaria to higher altitude cities like Nairobi.

That’s why we need your help! Please collect the 12 months of electricity bills so that we can measure and reduce the amount of electricity your company uses, and potentially, switch it over to renewable energy sources that don’t emit greenhouse gases.

So what is it that we need?Many people think that providing us with the front page and the dollar spend is all we need; but this is not the case. What we are interested in is the number of kilowatt-hours (kWh for short) that your company consumes as this determines the amount of greenhouse gas that your company emits. This is usually found on the second page of the bill. See diagram below for explanation.

Figure 5 - Example Energy Bill

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

8

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Data Collection Instructions - GasWhy Gas?Whilst being a cleaner source of energy than electricity, combustion of natural gas creates carbon dioxide emissions. It may not be your company’s largest emissions source, but we can’t leave any stone unturned in calculating your company’s emissions.

Please collect the 12 months of gas bills so that we can measure and see if we can reduce the amount of gas your company uses. If we can’t, then the best thing we can do is offset it through the purchase of carbon offsets.

So what is it that we need?Many people think that providing us with the front page and the dollar spend is all we need; but this is not the case. What we are interested in is the number of Mega joules (MJ for short) that your company consumes as this determines the amount of greenhouse gas that your company emits. This is usually found on the second page of the bill. See diagram below for explanation.

Figure 5 - Example Gas Bill

9

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Data Collection Instructions - Flights

Why Flights?Whilst being convenient albeit sometimes a little scary, the emissions that are created from flying are tipped to be one of the planet’s growing emissions sources; this is due to the large amounts of fuel that must be combusted to defy gravity and propel all of that weight at speeds approaching 900km an hour. Furthermore, when greenhouse gases leave the exhaust of a plane, the gases throw more heat energy to the planet relative to if the same gases were released at ground level. This acts to amplify the impact of flying.

So what is it that we need?Many businesses use a central booking system, or logging system for managing the flights that they take. Ask your travel agent if they can provide the kilometres of each flight.

FLIGHT FROM STOP OVER 1 STOP OVER 2 STOP OVER 3 STOP OVER 4 TO

SAME PATH RETURN (Y/N)

NO. # OF PASSENGERS

1

2

3

4

Data Collection Instructions - Waste

Why Waste?Sending waste to landfill causes greenhouse gas emissions; this is because landfills provide the right conditions to turn rotting waste into methane. Methane’s ability to throw heat back to the planet is 21 times greater than Carbon Dioxide. This is why waste is an essential factor for your greenhouse gas emissions audit.

So what is it that we need?Most businesses will have not undertaken a waste audit and so we rely on your good judgment in determining the amount of waste you send to landfill. Using the image below as a guide, please fill out the waste spreadsheet for your site. If you’ve got more than one, then please send a copy of this to the carbon champion at your other sites so that they can provide the waste data for their sites.

Please use the questions below as a guide to complete the spreadsheet.

How many full 240L wheelie bins does your organisation send to landfill each week?

Qty:

Note; an average desk bin is 12L; so you can estimate based on how many of these get filled each week and show this in terms of number of wheelie bins—eg. 10 staff each have a bin and fill it each week 12 litres x 10 bins = 120 L or 0.5 Wheelie Bins of rubbish to landfill each week. Don’t forget to add common area bins such as kitchen bins.

Do you recycle paper? Yes/No

Do you recycle plastic? Yes/No

Do you recycle metals? Yes/No

Do you compost food? Yes/No

10

Data Collection Instructions - FUEL & REFRIGERANTSWhy Fuel?Burning fuel causes greenhouse gas emissions; whether its done in a car, forklift or generator. As part of your certification quest, we need your help to find out how much fuel was burnt.

So what is it that we need?Some businesses use fuel cards; some track kilometres driven and others collate fuel receipts and reimburse staff fuel costs. Whichever is applicable, please complete the table below with the details of fuel consumed in the last financial year. You should be able to get everything that you need from your accounts department.

Staff travel data entryPlease complete this first section for fuel used in staff travel. Also, please don’t forget to send the online survey to all of your staff; your CRI Account Manager will have sent you the link to forward on to your staff. If your staff do not have internet access, a hard copy version of the survey is attached at the end of this document, please complete and return to CRI.

The responses to this survey get saved in an online database that we can use to calculate your impacts.

Data Collection Instructions - ExpensesWhy Expenses?When your company purchases goods and services from the market, there are considerable emissions created in the delivery of these consumed goods and services. This source of emissions is the essence of why we devised the NoCO2 certification program in the first place; almost all greenhouse gas emissions (with the exception of perhaps bushfires and natural methane releases in swamps) are caused through interactions in the market. Your certification will mean that your customers will identify your company as one that is doing something about climate change.

So what is it that we need?We need an export of your company’s expense items. This includes all items that your company purchases, in a consolidated format. A sample expense spreadsheet is displayed below.

Figure 7 - Example Expense Table

Fuel used in staff Travel

Dollar Spend Litres Used

Diesel $ L

LPG $ L

ULP $ L

Fuel used in generators andMachinery (If applicable)

Dollar Spend Litres Used

Diesel $ L

LPG $ L

ULP $ L

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

11

Data Collection Instructions - ASSETSWhy Assets?In the same way as expenses, your company’s assets have considerable inherent emissions.

So what is it that we need?We need a copy of your company’s depreciation schedule. This will include all items that your company depreciates for tax purposes. If this request is not clear to you, don’t worry, your accounts people – your directors or your accountant will be able to fill you in. A sample depreciation schedule is shown below:

Data Collection Instructions - STAFF TRAVEL SURVEYWe include in our audits information about your organisations staff travel; both as part of their jobs (paid for by the Company) and to get to-and-from work. To make the collection of this information simple to administer, we create an online survey which you can distribute easily as a link to all staff to complete. This is a great opportunity to communicate to staff about what the company is doing and hoping to achieve by conducting an emissions assessment. We collect all of this information from the survey’s backend so there is no need for you to do any more than send it out. If you prefer to hand out the survey we can provide you with a ‘paper’ version (shown below) if some of your staff are not commonly using computers at work.

NO. NAME

TRANSPORT TO AND FROM WORK EACH WEEK: KM CAR INCL TAXI

KMPUBLIC TRANSPORT

KM WALK/CYCLE

DO YOU CARPOOL? IF SO, HOW OFTEN?

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE IN YOUR CARPOOL?

DO YOU DRIVE A COMPANY CAR?

TYPE OF VEHICLE (LIGHT, SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, 4WD)

TYPE OF FUEL (ULP, E10 ULP,DIESEL)?

1

2

3

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Figure 8 - Example Depreciation Schedule

12

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Carbon Audit MethodologyThe methodology underpinning our audits has been adapted from the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Accounting Protocol.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) ProtocolThe protocol contains universally recognised accounting methods and boundaries that can be applied to different levels, sizes and types of organisations when creating their GHG inventory. This includes multinational organisations, energy intensive primary industry, as well as small to medium enterprises (SME). The protocol defines boundaries and emissions scopes to ensure that emissions do not become double counted when companies start accounting for their emissions on a national, state or industry level. On an organisational level, emission scopes and boundaries are important when compiling a GHG inventory, as they give organisations consistency and clarity when charting their emissions liabilities.

Emissions BoundariesThere are two ‘types’ of boundary that must be set when compiling a GHG inventory; an organisational boundary and an operational boundary. Organisational boundaries allow an entity to distinguish between GHG emitting activities that are attributable to their organisation, and those that are not. Operational boundaries allow an entity to define the emissions that they own or control and categorise them into different scopes (as either direct or indirect). Dividing emissions up into different scopes allows an organisation to determine opportunities for emission reductions, as well as providing knowledge as to where their emissions are occurring along the value chain.

Organisational boundariesWhen setting organisational boundaries, CRI applies a control rationale, which states that organisations/entities account for emissions generated from activities over which they have direct control, rather than an equity share. The GHG protocol prescribes 2 methods when defining control; operational and financial. CRI defines control using the operational control method. The GHG protocol defines operational control as:

A company has operational control over an operation if the former or one of its subsidiaries has the full authority to introduce and implement its operating policies at the operation.

Operational control covers activities where an organisation has authority to directly alter its emissions patterns, be it through the implementation of policy (a purchasing policy, staff travel, OH&S, recruitment etc), technology change or direct authority.

CRI uses this rationale as it believes that the consumer is responsible for the products and services that they purchase, and that the purchase is an endorsement of the methods used to produce the goods and services consumed. The emissions from any spend made directly by an organisation in its operations have been assigned to the organisation’s greenhouse gas inventory.

In some instances however, an organisation will have elements of financial control over activities without there necessarily being evidence of a dollar spend within its financial accounts. A good example of such an instance is staff travel, where organisations can encourage a greater use of public transport and carpooling systems by providing yearly public transport passes for staff, or linking employees that live close together for car-sharing. CRI includes staff travel because of this; and because of the educational benefit gained by staff by incorporating their travel behaviour into the audit.

The emissions accounting methodology described above are applied to all organisations audited within the CRI NoCO2 certification program.

The GHG protocol describes Scopes 1 and 2 as mandatory reporting categories, and Scope 3 as a voluntary reporting category. Scopes 1 and 2 are defined within the protocol to ensure that 2 or more companies will not account for the same emissions under the same scope.

13

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Operational BoundariesThe main function of operational boundaries is to create different scopes for organisations to separate and define the emissions produced from their operations.

• Scope 1: Direct GHG emissions - Emissions that occur from sources that are owned or controlled by the company, for example, emissions from combustion in owned or controlled boilers, furnaces and vehicles.

• Scope 2: Electricity indirect GHG emissions - Emissions from the generation of purchased electricity consumed by the company.

• Scope 3: Other indirect GHG emissions – Emissions that are a consequence of the activities of the company, but occur from sources not owned or controlled by the company. These include emissions from waste, the extraction and production of purchased materials; transportation of purchased fuels and transportation of employees to and from work.

The NoCO2 emissions boundaries chart below graphically depicts the three scopes of emissions covered in a NoCO2 audit.

Figure 9 - NoCO2 Emissions Boundaries

14

The LowCO2 emissions boundaries chart below graphically depicts the three scopes of emissions covered in a LowCo2 audit.

For more information on the data requirements for each audit (including NoCO2, LowCO2, Products and Events) please refer to the Data Collection Section of this document.

Figure 10 - LowCO2 Emissions Boundaries

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

15

About

Me

asu

re

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

The Audit ReportAs a result of the carbon footprint analysis undertaken, a detailed Audit Report is generated for each client. This report is presented and further discussion about its contents is encouraged. The content of the Audit Report will cover all of the greenhouse gas emissions produced from the operations of the client organisation.

The Audit Report is designed to provide an understanding of greenhouse inventory, and how this knowledge can be used to plan future reductions of the carbon footprint. It also provides you with awareness of any reporting obligations under energy and emissions reporting legislation. The report isolates each emission source, allowing the organisation to determine and model emission reduction strategies, their payback and viability.

Breakdown of Greenhouse Gas EmissionsThe graph above shows a sample carbon footprint of a business. The audit report provides an executive summary which includes a simple representation of the sources of emissions that contribute to the NoCO2 footprint. The largest contributor of emissions in this example was due to electricity use, followed by expenses and flights. While the audit report is a highly technical document in many areas, it is also designed to provide concise information that can be easily understood and acted upon.

Reduction StrategiesWhilst an audit report is an important and useful document in itself, most organisations are interested in its contents to assist in planning emission reduction strategies. The audit report identifies opportunities where reductions could be made and offers suggestions on strategies to achieve such reductions. Please refer to our ‘Reduce’ section of this document for further information about reducing carbon emissions.

Figure 11 - An Example Carbon Footprint

Scope Emission Source

Emissions (tCO2e/year)

Direct - Scope 1 Fuel Consumed 100.00

Indirect - Scope 2 Electricity 1,240.00

Indirect - Scope 3

Supply of Electricity 80.00

Staff Travel 100.00

Supply of Fuel 20.00

Assets 200.00

Expenses 500.00

Flights 400.00

Waste 100.00

TOTAL 2,740.00

16

Becoming CertifiedThe NoCO2 Certification program is a logo certification system that rewards organisations for addressing their carbon footprint. Below is a summary of the different types of certification that can be achieved through the program:

Different types of Certification:

NoCO2 Business CertificationThis is the most widely used certification and is for organisations that want to be sure they have measured and offset all of the emissions they are responsible for. This certification offers the maximum marketing and communications benefits. The audit covers all three scopes of emissions (explained later in this document) and is the equivalent of your company being carbon neutral.

Carbon Neutral Product CertificationIf your business manufactures or distributes products and you see a benefit to certifying them as carbon neutral, this certification offers the assurance that you have accounted for all of the emissions associated with the production, transport and distribution of the product. A comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is undertaken by our technical audit team and once certified you gain access to the carbon neutral product logo.

Carbon Neutral Service CertificationNoCO2 Certified services businesses qualify to use this logo. Alternatively, if your business provides a service that has an easily definable boundary such as freight services, and wants to only make the service carbon neutral as opposed to the whole company, we would do a comprehensive carbon audit of all emissions resulting from the service itself.

LowCO2 Business CertificationFor businesses in sectors or circumstances which deem carbon neutrality unrealistic, the option for Low CO2 certification is available. The organisation still undertakes a greenhouse gas audit; however it is focused only on the operational impacts of the business, rather than all related emissions. For example, a Travel Agency cannot feasibly offset all of their client’s travel which would be necessary for carbon neutrality, but still want to offset their office impacts and engage their staff.

Make it Carbon NeutralAlongside LowCO2 certification, you can also provide the option for your customers to ‘make it carbon neutral’ by offsetting their products or services purchased through you. For example, a merchandise company can easily offer carbon neutral T-Shirts at the client’s request and can pass the cost of this on to the client. Please note; a full NoCO2 audit needs to be conducted to offer this service to clients.

Carbon Neutral EventAn event can speak volumes about an organisation’s brand, values and ethics. By measuring the carbon footprint of your event and by offsetting this, you can send a strong message to stakeholders, guests and staff about your climate change action. Promoting this action through the use of the Carbon Neutral Event logo also enhances your sustainability communications.

CERTIFY

17

About

Measure

Ce

rtify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

sTEPS TO cERTIFICATIONCertification through the Carbon Reduction Institute’s NoCO2 program allows your company to demonstrate true leadership in the fight against climate change.

1. Following presentation and discussion of the Audit Report, a Certification Plan is presented to the client organisation to set out the conditions and certification options available through the NoCO2 certification program.

The certification plan serves as an agreement for the client’s chosen level of certification and their commitment to reduce their emissions (through carbon offsetting and reduction strategies). The certification plan also includes emissions reporting requirements, the fees for compliance, the use of logo branding devices and information regarding the purchase of carbon offsets.

The certification agreement serves a number of purposes, namely:

1. To provide your company with an emissions monitoring schedule to ensure it meets its certification level

2. Outline the costs of certification

3. Provide terms and conditions for use of logos and the responsibilities of your company and CRI in complying with certification

We encourage you to read through the agreement closely and get a good understanding of your company’s obligations as a certified company.

2. Once you return the signed certification plan, you are provided with all of the benefits of certification including:

• Certification logos customised to your certification number, representing the level of climate change action taken

• Framed certificate for display in your office / foyer

• NoCO2, Low CO2 or Carbon Neutral Product posters and tent cards to communicate certification

• Carbon reduction tip stickers and posters

• Office recycling guide with accompanying stickers

• Dedicated webpage in the Low Carbon Economy Directory website (www.LowCO2.com.au) that contains clear disclosure of your achievements in tackling climate change

• Ongoing monitoring and advice to ensure that your brand receives the maximum long term value from certification

• Cross marketing opportunities with every other certified company in the program

Please refer to the ‘Communicate’ section of this guide for more information about promoting your certification.

3. We invoice you for the proportion of carbon offsets you will need to purchase to maintain your certification. We check in with your quarterly (you may need to provide us with information such as quarterly product sales if relevant) and then each year we assess your carbon emissions again so that your certification and carbon offset purchases stay on track.

We encourage you to let us know throughout the year if you have had any major changes in your business which would affect your carbon footprint and if you implemented any carbon reduction measures recommended. We are keen to assist you in promoting your certification as well as the commitment your company has to combatting climate change.

18

About

Measure

Ce

rtify

Reduce

Manage

Communicate

Maintaining your CertificationYour ResponsibilitiesThe NoCO2 certification program does not allow organisations to “set and forget” their claim. The audit process may be simple but the commitment made under your certification is one that you should not make without true understanding of your obligations. Once you are certified it is most likely that you are going to publish a marketing claim. This claim is governed by the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (formerly known as the Trade Practices Act) and if not maintained could result in your organisation making a false and misleading marketing claim for which you could receive a sizable fine and risk your reputation.

CRI will work with you in every way to make sure you fulfill your obligations, but ultimately it is your responsibility so we ask that you respond promptly to data requests and invoices supplied. To maintain your certification you will need to make sure you fulfill the following responsibilities; failure to do so can result in penalties, revocation of your certification or even legal action under the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. The responsibilities you must fulfill to maintain your certification involve:

1. Quarterly reporting of dynamic emission sources (if applicable)

2. Yearly reporting and verification of your carbon footprint

3. Maintenance of clear and accurate disclosure

4. The purchase and surrender of carbon offsets

1. Quarterly reporting of dynamic emissions sourcesFor some clients, we require quarterly reporting of some of the emissions sources. These are usually dynamic ones which can have a drastic effect on your carbon footprint such as flights, product sales and electricity. This is offered as a means of tracking your footprint and being aware of significant changes throughout the year. Each quarter we will remind you that it is time to report on the key dynamic emissions sources. The data for quarterly reporting must be supplied within four weeks of the data request. Your certification plan will detail quarterly reporting requirements if any.

2. Yearly reporting and verification of your carbon footprintEach year we will ask you to provide the data required for an annual audit in order to verify your carbon footprint against the actual carbon tonnage generated and set a new baseline for the year ahead. This data must be provided within a maximum of 3 months from the data request. Failure to provide the annual re-audit data may result in penalties and revocation of your certification.

It is a good idea to put in place a simple procedure for the regular capture and storage of data that will be required for quarterly and annual reporting. You are required to report any major changes to your company structure when this occurs— mergers and acquisitions can have a significant effect on your Company footprint and it is your responsibility to report such changes to us.

3. Maintenance of clear and accurate disclosureCRI will provide you with and maintain a web site on your behalf, located in this site is the disclosure for your marketing claim. We recommend that you reference this site when you make your carbon neutral or low carbon claims. We also ask that you send us any marketing or media copy about your certification in advance of printing or distributing.

4. The purchase and surrender of Carbon OffsetsYou most likely will be required to purchase carbon offsets to offset some or all of your emissions. The offsets must meet our minimum carbon offset criteria: The ’Reduce’ pages detail our requirements for carbon offsets purchased for the NoCO2 certification program.

A nominal fee per tonne is charged to companies looking to source their own offsets under the NoCO2 certification program. Customers who choose to source their own carbon offsets for use under the NoCO2 program will be required to provide proof of purchase and must make sure those offsets have been surrendered so they can not be sold again.

19

Carbon Emissions ReductionsThis section provides information about the two methods for reducing your carbon footprint:

1. Purchasing carbon offsets for unavoidable emissions

2. Implementing emission reduction strategies

The following information been produced by the Carbon Reduction Institute (CRI) to provide its clients with information about carbon offsetting. CRI is one of Australia’s most reliable and experienced carbon consulting companies and ranked as an ‘Outstanding’ provider in the Total Environment Centre (TEC) and Choice magazine’s Carbon Offset Watch. It should be noted that the carbon offset market is continually changing and the information provided here is accurate at the date of publication. This document cannot be reproduced without permission.

Carbon Offsetting under the NoCO2 ProgramOnce undertaking a carbon audit, NoCO2 clients achieve certification through the purchase of carbon offsets that adhere to the standards outlined in this document. In most instances, CRI will purchase carbon offsets on behalf of its clients. CRI bulk purchases carbon offsets from carefully selected projects which meet both the requirements of the National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) and CRI’s own stringent requirements outlined in this document. In the instances where clients choose to purchase carbon offsets from other sources, these offsets must meet CRI’s criteria and be verified by CRI before certification will be granted.

Carbon Offsetting Carbon offsetting is a mechanism that allows organisations and individuals to invest in projects which mitigate climate change to counter their own unavoidable emissions. Carbon trading is where units of carbon offsets (1 tonne CO2e emissions = 1 ‘carbon offset’ or ‘carbon credit’) are traded on an open market. There are voluntary carbon offsets and mandatory carbon credits for compliance schemes in different countries throughout the world.

Carbon offsets can be generated from a range of projects that reduce emissions. Examples include energy efficiency, methane composting and flaring, biomass and renewable energy programs. These projects reduce or displace otherwise polluting alternatives which are generated from mining and combusting fossil fuels.

There are a number of programs that outline standards for validating and verifying the emission reductions created by these projects. Project accreditation gives comfort to the buyer and a guarantee that the project meets a minimum standard. However, many of these programs have differing standards for ensuring the veracity of the carbon savings deemed from the projects that they accredit. Different projects, even with the same accreditation can have different outcomes for the environment. This is why CRI always maintains that it is the project and not the accreditation program that must be judged in order to determine whether an offset is suitable.

The section below outlines criteria against which CRI will judge individual projects, alongside considering the standards they are accredited under.

Reduce

20

CRI’s Carbon Offset CriteriaIt is important that carbon offset projects are tested against standards for assurance that they are funding a reduction of greenhouse gas from the atmosphere that would not have otherwise occurred. Any carbon offset used by an organisation to meet emission reduction requirements under the NoCO2 certification program must:

1. Be financially additionalFor a carbon offset to be financially additional, the money from the offsets must have been required to make the project happen beyond ‘business as usual’. Projects often fail this test where they are cheaper than their more polluting equivalent, or their energy savings pay back in time frames that make it a ‘business as usual’ proposition.

2. Be environmentally additionalThe project must be additional to the existing environment; that is, carbon offsets cannot be claimed on situations that would have occurred anyway. A good example is the natural growth of a forest or the implementation of an activity that would have occurred through legislation or a shift in market demand. Furthermore, carbon savings from a carbon offset must be additional to a country’s mandatory Kyoto target. For countries/states with a binding target, such as Australia, NZ and the EU, (from 2008-2012), this can be achieved through the Joint Implementation mechanism, or through sourcing carbon offsets that pre-date the Kyoto commitment period. More information about Kyoto is provided later in this document.

3. Be permanent Permanence is a very important requirement for a carbon offset. Carbon savings that have been forward claimed or carbon emissions that have been stored can present a liability risk for any party using them to make a claim. If the emissions fail to happen, or are released into the atmosphere, and the project proponent does not make good on this reduction, then the liability may fall back on the purchaser who made a claim, to rectify the issue.

4. Not create leakage Leakage is where a project results in an increase of emissions elsewhere. This is a major risk in avoided deforestation projects where the removal of one section of forest product from the market encourages the destruction of forest in another due to inelastic demand.

5. Be validated and verifiedThe project must use a methodology that conservatively quantifies its emissions reductions through a scientifically valid approach. The project must be audited by an independent third party to quantify the number of tonnes of greenhouse gas that it has saved. This can occur through ISO 14064.3 and 14065; through a GHG program, or through using an approved methodology from a GHG program.

Registration and Retirement of Carbon OffsetsOnce the project has gained verification from one of the main standards outlined below, all offsets must be electronically serialized and make their way onto one of the main registries. These are typically, the ‘Markit’ Registry and the ‘Gold Standard’ Registry. From this point the offsets can be traded and sold between parties. The offsets, once sold and used towards a marketing claim must be retired from the market, meaning they can no longer be traded or sold.

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

21

Project TypesThere are many different types of climate change mitigation projects which can achieve carbon savings and become registered carbon offsets.

The most common greenhouse gas offset projects involve:

• Renewable energy (including wind, solar, geothermal, landfill gas capture, biomass and hydro generation)

• Energy efficiency (lighting, cook-stoves)

• Forestry/revegetation (bio-sequestration)

CRI currently purchases wind, biomass, hydro generation and cook-stove carbon offsets.

CRI prefers renewable energy and energy efficiency projects over forestry / revegetation projects. This is due to the lack of assurance that can be offered for offsets which are carbon sinks such as tree stocks. Carbon sinks present a risk whereby the emissions can be reversed back into the atmosphere. One of the effects of climate change, with rises in global temperatures, is a shift in climatic zones, causing significant changes in flora and fauna habitats. It is not known whether species will adapt to these changes in time to survive. The uncertainty of offsets generated through carbon sinks means they fail on CRI’s criteria of permanence.

Furthermore, for those making a marketing claim using these offsets, they may wear the risk or liability if the carbon savings from these projects are reversed and the project proponent does not make good the re-sequestration savings.

Project StandardsOnce the project has gained verification from one of the main standards outlined below, all offsets must be electronically serialized and make their way onto one of the main registries. These are typically, the ‘Markit’ Registry and the ‘Gold Standard’ Registry. From this point the offsets can be traded and sold between parties. The offsets, once sold and used towards a marketing claim must be retired from the market, meaning they can no longer be traded or sold.

The National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS)The Australian Government introduced the National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) on 1 July 2010 to provide national consistency and consumer confidence in the voluntary carbon market. The standard serves two primary functions – it provides guidance on what is a genuine voluntary offset and sets minimum requirements for calculating, auditing and offsetting the carbon footprint of an organisation or product to achieve ‘carbon neutrality’[1]

In the context of carbon offsetting, NCOS requires that voluntary offsets meet one of the following standards:

a. Australian Emissions Units (AEUs) * see next page

b. Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) – from CDM projects (refer to Clean Development Mechanism section on the next page)

c. Removal Units (RMUs) - issued in respect of net removals by sinks from activities covered by the land use, land use change and forestry sectors under the Kyoto Protocol.

d. Voluntary Emissions Reductions (VERs) issued by the Gold Standard also outlined on the next page

e. Voluntary Carbon Units (VCUs) issued by the Verified Carbon Standard (VCS)[2] also outlined on the next page

f. Offsets generated from emissions sources in Australia not counted toward Australia’s Kyoto Protocol target, where they meet eligibility criteria and use a methodology that has been approved under the Standard.

[1] http://www.climatechange.gov.au/government/initiatives/national-carbon-offset-standard.aspx

[2] Where credits are issued for reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) and other agriculture forestry and land use (AFOLU) projects, they must apply methodologies approved under the Standard.

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

22

*The Australian Emissions Units (AEUs) were defined under the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). This is likely to be updated soon. With the passing of legislation in favour of the Carbon Tax from July 2012 moving to an Emissions Trading Scheme in 2015, new initiatives and standards are currently being refined. For example, the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI) had legislation passed in Aug 2011. It will be an Australian Government offset scheme through which participants will be able to design and implement emissions abatement and sequestration projects and receive carbon offsets for the resulting emission reductions. Each tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions that is reduced by a CFI project that is inside our Kyoto commitment, will be rewarded with one Australian Carbon Credit Unit (ACCU).[3] Reductions made by CFI projects outside of Kyoto commitments will also receive carbon offsets to be traded on the voluntary market.

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol and was developed to provide assistance to Annex 1 countries in reaching their emission reduction targets. It is an accreditation program that allows project proponents that register carbon savings from projects in developing countries to validate/verify and register the carbon savings from their projects and trade them.

These savings are issued as Certified Emission Reductions (CER’s). The CDM also serves to assist non-Annex 1 countries with achieving sustainable development and working towards the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’s ultimate objective of preventing dangerous climate change. The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the UNFCCC.

Joint Implementation (JI)Joint Implementation is a mechanism defined by Kyoto, as with CDM, which is designed to assist Annex 1 countries meet their obligations. It enables any Annex 1 country to invest in emission reduction projects in any other Annex 1 country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically. Emission reductions are awarded credits called Emission Reduction Units (ERUs), where one ERU represents an emission reduction equalling one tonne of CO2 equivalent.

Voluntary Offsetting StandardsThe above mechanisms whilst intended to primarily assist countries to meet their obligations under the Kyoto agreement, do also feed into the voluntary carbon market, in that they have set the benchmark standards for voluntary offsets as well. CRI requires that any carbon offsets meets at least one of the following voluntary standards:

Verified Carbon Standard (VCS)

Formerly known as the Voluntary Carbon Standard, VCS was launched by The Climate Group in 2007. The VCS Program is among the most widely used quality assurance system for accounting for emission reductions in the voluntary carbon market. The VCS provides validation and verification for projects and often accepts projects that have applied CDM methodologies, as well as those that have been double verified against their own ‘VCS Standard,’ which is largely referenced from ISO 14064.2. VCS units are called Verified Carbon Units (VCUs). The VCS is used by many CDM project developers to claim carbon offsets from projects that commenced prior to their official CDM registration date. As VCS units are generally cheaper than CDM units, most projects only claim VCS units for the time up until their CDM registration.

Gold Standard

The Gold Standard creates high-quality emission reductions projects in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Joint Implementation (JI) and Voluntary Carbon Market. It was designed to ensure that carbon offsets are verifiable and also make a measurable contribution to sustainable development.

[3] Carbon Market Institute ‘The Carbon Farming Initiative: A summary guide for businesses’ November 2011

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

23

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

The Voluntary Gold Standard (GS VER) is a methodology for use within the voluntary carbon market which was launched in May 2006 by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). It was developed from an extensive 12-month consultation process with NGO’s, scientists, project developers and government representatives. Projects which meet this standard have additional social/economic benefits such as providing increased employment opportunities in a disadvantaged region or improving water quality.

The Clean Development MechanismKyoto ratified countries and their major polluters can meet their mandated emission caps through the purchase of carbon offsets created in developing countries. The CDM is an accreditation program that allows project proponents that register carbon savings from projects in developing countries to validate/verify and register the carbon savings from their projects and trade them. The offsets created under the CDM are called CERs – Certified Emission Reductions. The CDM is administered by the United Nations.

Further Notes on Kyoto and Non-AdditionalityAustralia’s post 2008 emissions are capped through its obligation under the Kyoto Protocol. This means that the government must not exceed its emissions level of 598 Mega-Tonnes of CO2e per year or 2.99 Giga-Tonnes over 5 years from 2008 to 2012 as per its Kyoto requirements. In order to comply with this target, through legislation, the government will delineate responsibility for meeting this cap to major emitters. The government then reconciles its greenhouse gas accounts by collaborating information from all sectors that emit greenhouse gases at the end of each year. It then checks to see whether the suite of policies that it has implemented have achieved the end goal of meeting the country’s Kyoto target.

The function of a carbon offsets is to fund projects achieving greenhouse gas reductions which would not have occurred in the project’s absence. By ratifying Kyoto, Australia created a non-additionality issue for carbon offsets which are generated within Australia. There are some projects which are not counted under Australia’s Kyoto obligation (you can refer to the NCOS website for more information).

It is expected that when Kyoto finishes at the end of 2012, it will be superseded by a new agreement that will continue to provide the framework for countries to limit their greenhouse gas emissions. In the face of this, the Australian Government is harnessing market-based mechanisms (i.e. a Carbon Tax leading to an Emissions Trading Scheme) to ensure that this responsibility is met at the least cost. Read our Carbon Tax Cheat Sheet at http://www.noco2.com.au/templates/noco2//files//CarbonTaxCheatSheet.pdf.

Similarly, carbon offsets generated from energy efficiency and renewable energy within Australia fall under the Australian Government’s obligations under Renewable Energy Target.

These barriers to including Australian-generated offsets in the voluntary market (as with the NoCO2 Certification Program) and the release of the National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS) have resulted in the popularity of quality overseas offsets such as those under CDM or VCS, and sourced by CRI.

Projects we SupportPlease refer to a sample project profile in Appendix 5 to see an example of the types of carbon offset projects we support. You can contact us or visit our website for up to date information.

Why don’t we acknowledge tree planting carbon offsets?We prefer renewable energy and energy efficiency projects over tree plantations due to the lack of assurance that can be offered for carbon offsets that come from tree stocks. The carbon offsets we provide are tested for both their immediate effect and permanence, which tree offsets can fail on easily. We do believe planting trees is a fantastic way to sequester carbon, just not in a way that can be accurately measured, assured and used as a carbon offset. We encourage tree planting as an awareness raising and engagement activity.

24

Carbon Reduction Strategies An important part of going through the process of becoming NoCO2 certified is identifying areas where your organisation can reduce its overall impact on the environment. The carbon footprint audit isolates your biggest emission sources, which are often related to the largest areas of cost. As part of the audit, we will endeavour to find ways to cost effectively reduce the emissions output of your company.

We also offer lots of information and tips on how you can reduce your overall footprint through everyday measures. We provide educational materials such as posters and stickers to display around your office and can also offer staff education and training to help shift corporate culture and encourage positive behaviours.

If you are after a more specific set of strategies to reduce carbon emissions such as introducing solar or wind power, or implementing manufacturing or construction efficiencies, please talk to us about our carbon management consultancy service.

Your business can reduce its impact on climate change in a number of ways:

1. Educate your staff; provide incentives for climate change leadershipYour staff can help you reduce your carbon footprint! Educate your staff so that they have a basic understanding of:

• Energy consumption impacts

• Impacts from transportation

• Waste and recycling

• Indirect emissions caused through consumption

Upon understanding these issues, we recommend that you implement strategies to reduce your impacts from energy use, transport, waste; and through greening your supply chain. Once strategies are devised, delegate responsibility for these initiatives to your staff by electing carbon reduction leaders.

2. Reduce Travel & TransportClimate change is a great excuse as to why you can’t fly down to that unimportant meeting. Why not use videoconferencing instead? Many organisations find that flying and transportation can be a significant proportion of their total CO2 emissions; this is most prevalent in consultancy organisations with offices state-wide and internationally. Much travel can be reduced through the introduction of technologies such as videoconferencing.

While distribution and courier use is more difficult to reduce, it can be optimized by removing any unnecessary packaging and providing longer delivery times to maximize the delivery volume and allow the use of less polluting methods such as road and rail over air freight. Reducing corporate travel and transport results in a reduction of both carbon emissions and costs for the organisation.

3. Waste Stewardship & RecyclingThe global warming impacts that could be avoided through recycling are often understated. One way to reduce your carbon footprint is to ensure that you minimise waste going to landfill and to make sure as much as possible is recycled.

Recycling paper and composting avoids methane released from landfill and some of the energy required to undertake forestry, and recycling aluminium and other materials avoids the energy required for the original extraction of raw materials at the same time as saving our natural resources. We provide you with a recycling guide and office stickers to get you started.

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

25

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

4. Change consumption behaviourBy being more mindful of wasteful behaviours, companies can reduce unnecessary spending, increase efficiency and produce less waste. There are a number of ways an organisation can reduce its footprint by modifying its consumption behaviour. Some of the simplest methods are:

• Reusing products where possible

• Becoming a paperless office

• Double sided printing and copying

• Making purchases in bulk

• Repairing instead of replacing

5. Implement Energy Efficiency MeasuresEnergy efficiency is often considered the ‘Low Hanging Fruit’ of reduction opportunities; most initiatives are very simple to implement with financial paybacks that will make you wonder why you have not considered this previously. Some simple forms of energy efficiency are:

• Efficient lighting upgrades

• Lighting controls i.e. movement censors

• Reducing standby loads with timers and night switches

• Computer power management

• Adjusting air conditioning controls and cleaning filters

If you occupy a floor in a building or a significant space, we recommend that you obtain a green star rating.

Refer to our Energy Walk Around in the next section for a practical guide to understanding where energy savings can be made in your office.

6. Examine your supply chainA large volume of emissions for most businesses is created indirectly through consumption, whether it is the purchase of stationery, the proportional use of a lawyer, or even embodied in the assets the business owns.

This is called a company’s supply chain emissions. Introducing suppliers that have little or no carbon footprint will reduce your impact and have the additional effect of promoting a low carbon economy. Using a Carbon Neutral lawyer, accountant or meetings venue will reduce your impact on climate change from those services to zero.

Until recently it has become very difficult to lower the emissions of your supply chain without the purchase of carbon offsets. The growth of the Low Carbon Economy Directory is now making this an issue of the past. One of the simplest ways individuals and consumers can reduce their supply chain impact is to purchase from other businesses taking action on climate change.

The action of supporting businesses under the Low Carbon Economy creates significant climate benefits; not only does it reduce your supply chain footprint and the number of Carbon offsets you will need, it also increases demand for Low Carbon Products and Services and makes other businesses take action further growing the demand.

By adjusting your supply chain to carbon neutral businesses, you can have a significant impact on reducing your own carbon footprint. You can create a procurement policy that engages other carbon neutral suppliers and adjust your chart of accounts to monitor the effects; shown in the table on the following page:

26

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

EXAMPLE: A Company which has adjusted it’s supply chain to carbon neutral stationery :

Before:

Expenses Total t CO2e

6-1010 Accounting Fees $12,000.00 0.14

6-1020 Stationery $45,000.00 46.80

6-1080 Courier/Freight $13,000.00 9.88

$70,000.00 56.82

56.82 tonnes CO2e before procurement policy

After:

Expenses Total t CO2e

6-1010 Accounting Fees $12,000.00 0.14

6-1020 Stationery $15,000.00 15.6

6-1021 NoCO2 Stationery $30,000.00 0.006-1080 Courier/Freight $13,000.00 9.88

$70,000.00 25.62

25.62 tonnes CO2e after procurement policy

Sourcing products and services from within the Low Carbon Economy Directory can reduce your company’s footprint (as well as cost to offset) significantly. Here a company can avoid over 134 tonnes; saving approximately $2,600 in offset costs.

Expense Item Total Spend t CO2e Avoided NoCO2 SupplierEvent Venue Hire $35,000.00 22.295 Mercure Meeting Service

Website Support $94,000.00 16.45 FAQ Consulting

Transport/Freight $28,000.00 11.172 Power Docs & Freight

Printing $72,000.00 36.792 Worldwide Online Printing

Promotional Products $12,000.00 5.796 Chilli Promotional Products

Coffee & Tea $24,000.00 38.304 Jasper Coffee

Office Paper $3,500.00 3.2 Fuji Xerox Carbon Neutral Paper

Read more at the back of this document about the Low Carbon Economy Directory and the specific types of companies through which you can procure carbon neutral products and services. The most current source of carbon neutral suppliers is on the website www.lowco2.com.au.

27

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

Useful Government Links:

Australian Government: Department of the Environment

http://www.environment.gov.au/

Adapt NSW : Understanding and adapting to climate change impacts in New South Waleshttp://climatechange.environment.nsw.gov.au/

Climate Change in Australiahttp://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/

Other Resources:

CSIRO State of the Climate Report:

http://www.csiro.au/en/Research/OnA/Areas/Assessing-our-climate/State-of-the-Climate

The CSIRO Home Energy Saving Handbook

http://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Energy/Energy-in-your-home/Energy-handbook

There are plenty of ways you can reduce your carbon emissions and every little bit helps. We have posters and tip stickers for you to display around your office or home to assist with this. Please contact us if you are interested in receiving these.

Figure 13 - CRI Publications

28

About

Measure

Certify

Re

du

ce

Manage

Communicate

Energy Walk AroundOne of the most secure investments a business can make is in energy savings. It is widely recognised that energy costs will only rise in coming years, and in Australia are likely to rise at a far greater rate than inflation. Reducing your energy consumption will result in cost reductions for the business. The Energy Walk Around will assist in providing financially sensible energy reduction opportunities.

An Energy Walk Around is one of the most effective measures you can take to lower your company’s carbon footprint. This will not only result in a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from your business activities but also in significant financial savings through increased energy efficiency.

Lighting, for example, accounts for more than 20 per cent of greenhouse emissions from the use of commercial buildings. By simply turning off any unused lights at night or on the weekend, you can significantly reduce your electricity cost.

You don’t need to perfect your energy saving attempts straight away. Start with simple changes that will bring immediate results, such as installing more efficient lighting. Then you can implement more and more energy saving measures over time.

When to perform an Energy Walk AroundPerform an Energy Walk Around every three to six months to establish and maintain lowest possible levels of energy usage. A Walk Around is best performed at times when energy usage is likely to change (e.g. beginning of heating season) and when it causes least interruption to normal office activities.

Good times for your Walk Around are:

• Lunchtimes

• Shift change

• At night / over the weekend

• When the cleaners are on duty

• Beginning and end of heating season

• When the clocks change

PrepareAssign a person in charge for the Walk Around. A reliable member of staff or an environmental officer are good candidates. You should also let that person pick one or two other employees for the Walk Around and conduct it as a team – that will make it easier to spot potential energy saving opportunities and get feedback from employees.

Allow for sufficient time and establish what you want to focus on before you begin. You should especially look out for:

• Out of hours readings: Read the meter at the end of one day and at the beginning of the next day. The difference is the energy used while the building is empty. Can you account for that?

• Standby or sleep mode: Check all equipment for standby or sleep mode and make sure it is activated. Equipment that is not used should be turned off.

• Light usage: Do lights remain on all day, even when there is sufficient daylight? Are energy efficient light bulbs installed throughout the building?

• Workstations: Are staff leaving their computers and monitors on when they leave their desk? Do staff use personal electrical heaters and extra desk lamps?

• Heating and cooling: Do staff complain that it is often too hot or too cold? Can windows be opened to regulate the temperature instead of the air conditioner? Do air conditioning and heating run at the same time?

As you begin your Walk Around, you should also take into consideration the not-so-obvious energy wasting sources such as broken equipment or fridge doors that are not properly sealed. We have included the Energy Walk Around Worksheets as appendix to this document.

29

MANAGE

THE CRI CARBON OFFSET ‘BALANCE SHEET’Congratulations! By now you’ve measured, reduced, and offset your carbon emissions, and hopefully been busy communicating your actions to your internal and external stakeholders.

Part of our service includes the ongoing management and maintenance of your carbon offset claim, including an Annual Audit, and the purchasing and retiring of the correct amount of carbon offsets.

Your Certification Contract clearly explains your quarterly or annual data and invoicing requirements (based on the size and type of business you are in), and a ‘CRI Balance Sheet’ is sent to you with every invoice, for your records.

The CRI Carbon Offset Balance Sheet system uses the same principles as your financial reporting timelines, be it Financial Year (FY2011) or Calendar Year (2011), and tracks the purchase of your Carbon Offsets.

Below is an example, and the main features to note are:

• Purchasing and invoicing of carbon offsets is quarterly (unless stated otherwise in your Contract), and in advance.

• Offsets for each quarter are calculated using the most recent Audit we have on file, and this projected amount is called the Advance Offset Volume.

• Once the next Annual Audit is complete we can then reconcile the year, and invoice if required, ensuring we have a ‘zero’ balance for the year.

30

COMMUNICATE

Communicate your CertificationClimate change is re-writing business rules. Nowadays the business community is aware of the fact that those who act on global warming are experiencing significant benefits and exploiting opportunities that remain inaccessible to those who continue with ‘business as usual’ - while ignoring the fact that consumers are concerned about global warming.

At the Carbon Reduction Institute, we acknowledge becoming carbon neutral as a great business opportunity. Whether you are driven by environmental motives or wish to maximise the marketing benefits of taking action on climate change, the Carbon Reduction Institute can help you achieve your objectives.

Top 20 ideas to help market your certification1. Put your certification logo up on your website & some info about your climate change action

2. Include logos &/or words about your certification in your e-signatures

3. Display tent cards, posters, stickers, and your framed certificate in reception areas / foyers

4. Publish information about your certification, carbon footprint and the offsets you purchase on your company intranet

5. Offer us some product samples or marketing materials (or even special deals) to give to our potential clients & other Low Carbon Economy Directory members so we can cross-promote your products and services

6. If your company manufactures products incorporate the logos into labels and / or packaging

7. Train your staff: inform them about the action the company has taken so they talk to customers

8. Incorporate your certification logo into company letterhead, business cards and other stationery

9. Include a PowerPoint slide on your certification within sales presentations

10. Distribute a press release to industry, local or general media about your environmental actions

11. Include information about the certification and what it means in new staff inductions

12. Incorporate certification into existing marketing plans for example, include logos at the footer of your next paid advertisements, telephone on-hold voice messaging etc.

13. Enter industry awards or local council awards in recognition of your environmental action

14. Promote your certification through industry bodies or associations including their publications

15. Write articles for relevant magazines which talk about your actions and motivations

16. Include certification logos on merchandise, staff t-shirts etc.

17. Include logos on banners or outdoor displays

18. Take some marketing materials such as tent cards with you to expos and conferences

19. Include a note on your certification in your next brochures or pamphlets

20. Announce your certification in your e newsletters and client communications

31

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Getting the most out of your certification

Logo UsageOnce you have undergone an emissions assessment and chosen a plan to lower your climate change impact, you will get listed as a carbon neutral or low carbon business and be issued the well established NoCO2 or LowCO2 certification logos. The logos can be displayed on your website, stationery, brochures and other business communication documents to help promote the fact that you are taking action on climate change .

Place your certification logo prominently on your webpage for maximum exposure—as well as letterheads and on point of sales material. On your webpage, if you include an explanation of the actions your organisation is undertaking, visitors will have a clear understanding of the commitment that has been made by the organisation. As a manufacturer you will also benefit by having it clearly displayed on your packaging.

CRI can assist you with point of sale materials designs should it be needed. Once the logos are placed you will need to make sure you have clear disclosure about the actions you have taken and the types of Carbon offsets you have used. We provide you with all of this information in your dedicated Low Carbon Economy Directory web page.

Public Image / Enhanced Environmental ProfileBe seen to do the right thing: your company’s environmental image will greatly influence how it is perceived. As your business lowers its carbon footprint and works towards becoming a sustainable organisation, your actions will reflect positively on your company’s public image. The Carbon Reduction Institute will provide you with marketing materials to promote your actions on global warming; and our reputation and expertise will ensure that you get an undisputable product which will position you as a leader in the battle against global warming.

Media OpportunitiesCompanies are increasingly announcing their intentions to lower their carbon footprint and become carbon neutral. These announcements are of great interest to the media, which has long recognised the popularity of the climate change topic to the public. As part of becoming NoCO2 or LowCO2 certified, the Carbon Reduction Institute can assist with press release and PR activities.

Staff Education / Staff InvolvementEngaging your staff is one of the most effective ways to lower your company’s carbon footprint. It is also a great tool to increase staff loyalty, raise staff awareness and improve work ethics. Show your staff that you care about climate change and are making efforts to become a responsible global citizen – their attitude towards you as employer might become even more positive!

Attracting Gen Y EmployeesThe quality workforce of the new Generation Y has high standards concerning its employers. Workplace choices are no longer just based on attractive salary and position but also on the environmental and social commitments of a company. Achieving carbon neutral certification and actively involving staff in the process is considered one of the most effective ways to attract the top of the workforce.

Consumer AttractionGreen credentials have become a key influencer in consumer decisions to purchase a product or service. Proof for this claim can be found in the increasing popularity of fair trade products, organic produce and products and services which carry a carbon impact label. When you become carbon neutral or low carbon certified, you will be able to respond to those consumer demands by offering ‘Carbon Neutral Products’ or those that come with a ‘Make It Carbon Neutral’ option.

Increased Online Presence, Greater ExposureWe increase your online presence and help you attain greater exposure through our Low Carbon Economy Directory integration strategy. When you certify as LowCO2 or NoCO2 business, we provide you with a listing in the Low Carbon Directory and your own mini website which contains information on the methodology and process you have undertaken to lower your impact on global warming.

32

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Easy Access to Low Carbon Economy Directory – Suppliers and BuyersNowadays the environmental performance and the financial performance of a business are intrinsically linked. Reducing your climate change impact expands business opportunities with impressive ROIs. Other businesses within the Low Carbon Economy Directory tend to specifically look for carbon neutral and low carbon suppliers when making a purchasing decision – and will pick you over others. The Carbon Reduction Institute will be happy to help you build suitable business networks within the Low Carbon Economy Directory.

Other benefits:

Potential Financial Savings There are financial benefits to be reaped from reducing your impact on climate change. Implementing energy efficiency measures has impressive payback times and will save money on your electricity bills. Introducing a recycling system in your office can save money from reduced waste quantities going to landfill. And you will also find that an efficiently run office will reduce costs for office equipment such as paper and cartridges.

Preparing your Business for Future Climate Change RegulationsVoluntarily reducing your climate change impact will prepare your business for future regulations on climate change, such as emission caps and carbon taxes. The Carbon Reduction Institute can provide ongoing assistance after certification to ensure that you are adequately prepared to respond to new challenges.

33

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

How you can use the Certification LogosNow that you have completed the audit process, you want to reap the benefits of being one of the first businesses to take serious action on climate change. And the Carbon Reduction Institute is here to show you how!

No matter what drove you to take up certification with us, communicating to your existing and prospective customers what actions you have taken towards climate change is your biggest asset now. Various studies have revealed that consumers are increasingly seeking products and services that have a reduced environmental impact. And you’ve already taken all the necessary steps to make sure your products and services leave the smallest footprint possible! All you need to do now is tell this to your clients and you’ll be capturing the quickly growing carbon conscious market in no time.

This section outlines the opportunities and advantages of using the NoCO2 and LowCO2 certification logos as part of your overall business branding plan. It can help you identify strategies to communicate your environmental awareness to your customers while adding value to your brand or company profile.

We particularly recommend the usage of the certification logos on:

• Websites

• Products and Labels

• Banners and Outdoor Displays

• Brochures, Flyers, Email Signatures

• Everyday Communication

You will find a variety of examples from which to gain inspiration on the following pages. We hope you have fun exploring the new opportunities your certification logos provide!

WebsitesAt the Carbon Reduction Institute, we encourage you to use your new certification logos on your website, products, advertising and everyday business communication. Please refer to our branding.

Your website will be the most obvious choice for making your environmental credentials public. For many businesses, the website is the first point of contact with prospective customers. That means you’ll want to make sure that your homepage highlights all your business’s amenities, including the actions you take to contribute to a better, healthier environment!

34

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Many of our certified businesses display their certification logo on the homepage of their website. There are several ways to do this. For example, you could incorporate them into the page header or footer:

You might also want to include the logos together with a small description of the actions you have taken into the content or banner of your home page:

35

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

36

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Another option for you, one which offers great credibility and transparency, is to dedicate a page on your website to your business’s environmental policy. This is especially useful if you want to disclose the actions you have taken properly, and if you are taking various steps worth mentioning to reduce your carbon footprint. Generally, providing as much detail about your environmental credentials as possible is a great way to add value to your business and attract customers.

37

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

teSome more examples of how companies have dedicated a page on their own website talking about their environmental initiatives:

38

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Products and LabelsNoCO2 and LowCO2 certified companies have the option to offer their clients carbon neutral products and services. Carbon neutral products signal to customers that they have no impact towards climate change. Now imagine your product being the only one with a carbon neutral logo on it next to all your competitors’ products! The certification options available allow companies to release a carbon neutral product or range without having to offset the entire operations of the organisation. The carbon neutral product logo can be printed on labels, bottles; jars, packaging and tags; basically on almost any product your company sells.

Below is an example of the Carbon Neutral Product logo used on a Jasper Coffee label:

Figure 15 - Example of CRI logo use on Packaging

Figure 14 - Carbon Neutral Products & Labels

39

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Banners and Outdoor DisplaysIf appropriate for your company, your new certification logos also look great on outdoor displays and large-scale advertising.

There are hardly any limits as to where you can display your logos. If you have a corporate fleet, you may want to consider displaying the logos on your trucks and company vehicles. If you are printing a large scale ad for your new carbon neutral product, you can use the logo to market your product more effectively. The logos also look particularly nice on most company branded t-shirts, baseball caps and so on! For any banners, shopping window displays or other larger scale marketing you are planning, feel free to use your new certification logos!*

Brochures, Flyers and VouchersUsing your certification logos on brochures, flyers and vouchers is an easy way to improve the effectiveness of your ad. You can either display the logo on the footer or in a corner of your marketing collateral, or really push the message by highlighting the fact that you have taken environmental action in your ad! Either way, it will make you look great in front of your customers and help you reach the goals you set out to achieve with your campaign.

Everyday CommunicationEvery little bit counts!

You never know in what context prospective customers will come your way. But you should always keep in mind that your carbon neutral or low carbon certification might be the determining factor for whether you get a job or not!

You can increase exposure of your new low carbon or carbon neutral status by including your certification logos into your everyday communication with clients. This can encompass letterheads, email signatures, business cards, invoices; quotes, proposals and any other written communication you might send out to your customers.

Put simply, your certification logos are your chance to be creative! Ask yourself whether they would look good on your company T-Shirts or corporate fleet, or whether you can put the carbon neutral product stickers onto your labels and products! We hope this guide has given you some ideas on what to do with the logos—and that using them effectively will help your business grow while letting you win new customers!

If you have any questions about the usage of your new certification logos or if you would like to discuss your individual case with one of our consultants, please don’t hesitate to give us a call on +61 2 9439 9990.

Figure 16 - Fuji Xerox Billboard Advertising

40

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Disclosure and Marketing StatementsIn regard to the use of carbon offset claims in disclosure and marketing statements, the Competition and Consumer Act 2010, formally known as the Trade Practices Act, states that businesses must not falsely represent goods or services as having sponsorship, approval, performance characteristics, accessories, uses or benefits they do not have.

Carbon claims and the Competition & Consumer Act 2010The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is very clear in regard to the use of carbon claims by business to avoid any confusion or ambiguity in the minds of consumers.

The ACCC states: “Carbon claims should alert and inform consumers to exactly what is being offset and how. If accurate and easily understood, carbon claims demonstrating a business’s approach to environmental issues and carbon offsetting will assist consumers to purchase according to their preferences.”

When you make claims about your product or service being compliant with the certification provided by the Carbon Reduction Institute, you must ensure that you adhere to the standards as set out by CRI.

If your product or service does not continue to meet the standards of the CRI certification, of if a particular product or service has not received certification, your organisation risks breaching the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 and the potential of severe legal and financial penalties.

As good practice, when using the logos of the CRI certification program, always provide opportunity for consumers to easily find further details and information about the certification and CRI, to help avoid potential confusion.

Figure 17 - CRI Publications

41

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Conditions of Logo UseLogo UseThe general conditions for the use of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s logos are outlined below. Logos are issued to certified clients to use for the purpose of promoting their certification and subsequent climate change action. Authorisation to use these logos is only granted to the entity which is certified.

The CRI logos referred to in this section are listed below (included but not limited to):

• Carbon Reduction Institute Corporate Logo

• Both generic and numbered versions of:

• NoCO2 Certification Logo

• LowCo2 Certification Logos

• Carbon Neutral Product Logo

Use of:

• Make it Carbon Neutral Logo

• Carbon Neutral Event Logo

• Low Carbon Economy Logo

• Specific Carbon Neutral Product and Service Logos (Printing, Packaging, Paper)

• Initiative Logos (Marinas Set, Doctors, Vets, Spa & Beauty, Accountants, Wine)

CRI provides each certified client with custom certification logos where relevant which incorporate the reference certification number. CRI also provides each client with the CRI Corporate Logo for use in referencing their certification. CRI may issue other logos where appropriate.

Conditions of UseClients must use logos in accordance with the Style Guide provided in the NoCO2 Certification Program Guide and according to the relevant clauses in the Certification Contract.

The logos and references to certification must be cautiously used so as not to:

• Falsely suggest certification of a different entity, overarching entity, international entity or different product / service other than that which is certified and named on the Certification Contract;

• Cause a misinterpretation by the public about the respective and independent status of an entity certified under the NoCO2 Certification Program;

• Falsely suggest that CRI would be involved in or in any way responsible for the product, service, activity or event to which the use of the logo has been authorised.

The entity that is authorised to use the logo for a specific certification must not authorise other persons or entities to use the logo in whatsoever form or combination, or reference to the certification without written consent from CRI.

The client acknowledges that the CRI logos are registered trademarks of the Carbon Reduction Institute and that they have no rights in and to the name of the company or its programs and may only use them as specified in these Conditions of Use.

In the event that the product is on-sold and rebranded, the client must seek written approval from CRI for the use of the logo and certification on these rebranded products.

Where logos are granted in connection with specific one-off activities that are limited in time (i.e. events or publications) the client must only use the logos with respect to that activity.

Logos must always contain or include reference to either the NoCO2 Certification Program website www.noco2.com.au and each applications of the logo must be approved by CRI as per Section 3 of the Certification Contract.

Misuse of logos may result in revocation of certification.

Upon termination of certification, all logos and references to certification must be removed. Product labelling which continues on production runs after termination date must be offset in accordance with the certification.

42

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

Corporate Identity & Style GuideIntroductionHow the Carbon Reduction Institute is perceived is, in large measure, the result of corporate image, public perception, and the totality of communications that shape the mind-set of our customers, colleagues, suppliers, or the community at large. Corporate identity plays a pivotal role in contributing to the image of the Carbon Reduction Institute. It defines global graphics standards for the correct use of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s logo sets, our company’s most valuable trademarks.

The Carbon Reduction Institute logo sets are a means of symbolizing and differentiating the Carbon Reduction Institute in the market. Correct usage of the Carbon Reduction Institute logo sets keeps its trademark position legally strong and creates long-term value to the Carbon Reduction Institute.

That is why your cooperation is so necessary to the successful implementation of this important climate change program. To assist you in this endeavor, this corporate identity and style guide has been prepared for your reference. The guide discusses and illustrates the required standards for applying the corporate monogram as well as our certification logos. If, after consulting the manual, you require additional information, please do not hesitate to contact the Carbon Reduction Institute.

Corporate LogoThe corporate logo shown is the foundation of Carbon Reduction Institute’s graphic identity system. This distinctive symbol, designed to be easily recognized and remembered internationally, consists of three elements: Carbon Reduction Institute’s monogram, our name and our web address.

These three elements combine to form the Carbon Reduction Institute corporate signature or logo. The colours and proportions of the corporate signature and the logo must not be altered. Consistent usage of the marks builds recognition.

When applying the corporate logo, always use the artwork supplied by Carbon Reduction Institute. Do not redraw, reproduce, or in any way alter the artwork. All applications of the corporate logo and monogram must be approved by the Carbon Reduction Institute.

Figure 18 - Logo: Meaning & Message

43

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

The following is a colour reproduction guide in PMS and CMYK. Always follow this guide when reproducing this logo above. Also listed is the percentage of black to use in the greyscale version of the corporate logo.

Figure 19 - Logo: Colour Reproduction

Figure 20 - Corporate Colour Chart

Figure 21 - Corporate Web Colour Chart

44

Figure 22 - Logo: Background Colour & Spacing

CERTIFICATION LOGOS COLOUR & GREYSCALE REPRODUCTIONThe Carbon Reduction Institute’s graphic Identity system for the certification logos is illustrated below. These distinctive symbols follow the concept of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s Corporate Logo elements

The following is a colour reproduction guide in GREYSCALE, PMS and CMYK. Always follow this guide when reproducing these logos below.

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

LOGO BACKGROUND COLOURWhen the corporate logo is placed on a background colour which may make it difficult to be viewed clearly, a background colour may be applied in the shape as illustrated in Figure 22. The background colour of the shape must be 100% white. However if the document background is white, the standard corporate colours apply, without the need for an additional shape.

The blue and teal background colours (as shown in figure 4) are guides only. In some cases, the side edge of the shape may be extended from one side to touch the edges of the document. However only one side may be extended at anytime. This background colour must be applied on a background colour of sufficiently dark contrasting value.

Figure 23 - Logo Set Colour Reproduction Guide

45

Figure 24 - Certification Logos On Dark ContrastThis background colour is a sample only. Use the above logos when using a background colour of significantly contrasting value. The logos are 100% white.

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

This background colour is a sample only. Logos should be 90% black when placed over a colour of sufficiently light contrasting value. Logo is 90% black.

Figure 25 - Certification Logos On Light Contrast

Figure 26 - Small Print One Colour Certification LogosThese small print variations are only for use on product packaging. Please always check with CRI when using these logos.

46

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

CERTIFICATION LOGOS: INCORRECT APPLICATIONSAny deviation from the acceptable logo configurations no matter how minor - can undermine our corporate identity and void legal protection of our registered trademarks. Therefore, no other configuration or any variation on the logo is permitted under any circumstances. Examples of such variations are demonstrated below. These examples are meant to be representative and do not encompass all possible cases. To ensure proper application of the Carbon Reduction Institute, artwork may be enlarged or reduced proportionately to satisfy design requirements; however it may in no other way be altered.

Figure 27 - Logo Set: Incorrect Applications

Figure 27. - Using The ‘Carbon Neutral Printed’ Logo

For print work that is printed on behalf of another company/brand, please use the Carbon Neutral Printing logo to market its carbon neutrality. Use of the Carbon Neutral Printed logo will prevent misrepresentation of the associated company that the print work is produced for. It clearly defines that it is only the print work (i.e. flyer, poster, brochure) that is Carbon Neutral and not the company itself.

When featuring the logo in the print artwork please use a high resolution version of the Carbon Neutral Printed logo. Please also feature the below disclaimer text:

All emissions associated to the production of this print work up until it has left the printer has been negated through the purchase of carbon offsets. For more information please refer to our website at www.noco2.com.au

USING THE ‘CARBON NEUTRAL PRINTED’ LOGO

As with each reproduction of our certification logos we require authorisation/sign-off by Carbon Reduction Institute’s Corporate Identity and Brand Manager, Marketing Manager or CRI executive staff. If you have questions or need any further clarification then please call (61) 2 8228 7300 or email info@noco2.com.au

47

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

CERTIFICATION LOGOS: AREA OF ISOLATIONMaking sure that a reasonable amount of space surrounds the entire logo enhances the presentation of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s corporate logo. This area, referred to as the area of isolation, must remain clear of all graphic imagery, edges, folds and other visual elements. The preferred area of isolation is one full measure of the selected letters below corresponding to each of the logos; extending from the outermost edges of the logo.

Figure 28 - Logo Set: Area Of Isolation

LOGOS TYPOGRAPHY. PRINT AND WEB TYPEFACETypography ads an important element to the brand identity system. Use of consistent typefaces across communications adds another element that defines the Carbon Reduction Institute’s look and feel. The typefaces listed below are the only acceptable fonts that can be used in printed materials and Web Graphics. The Palatino Linotype, Century Gothic, Trebuchet MS and Verdana families provide a wide range of typefaces that offer enough variety for multiple type needs, from ultra bold headlines to easy to-read body text.

These typeface families ensure the consistency of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s branding and identity across all platforms from printed materials to web graphics. These typefaces must be strictly adhered to.

Figure 29 - Typeface

48

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

CORPORATE STATIONARY SYSTEM AND PRODUCT NAMESAll offices of the Carbon Reduction Institute will use the corporate stationary system. The standard design is printed in the preferred colour treatment on bright white paper stock. Templates are provided by the in-house design department and are subject to change. Please contact the Carbon Reduction Institute for stationary templates.

Figure 30 - Examples Of Cri Stationary

The failure of a company to adhere to the trademark requirements can result in the forfeiture of our right to that mark. Inconsistent use of trademarks undermines the Carbon Reduction Institute’s legal position to defend our brand if a competitor chooses to adopt it. Below is a list of the Carbon Reduction Institute’s product names with their appropriate trademarks.

Carbon Reduction InstituteCarbon Neutral ProductMake It Carbon NeutralCarbon Neutral PaperCarbon Neutral PrintCarbon Neutral Events

Carbon Neutral PackagingCarbon Neutral WineNo CO2NoCO2LowCO2Low CO2

AUTHORISATION OF LOGO USAGEFor its certified members, the Carbon Reduction Institute requires that each application of the certification logos are to be approved by the Carbon Reduction Institute. Please contact the Carbon Reduction Institute on (61) 2 9439 9990 to enquire about consent if you wish to use the certification logos.

Application of the logos can include:

• All Stationary

• Website

• Product labeling

• Press releases

• Promotional item

• Electronic Signatures

Please contact the Carbon Reduction Institute on (61) 2 8228 7350 to enquire about consent if you wish to use the certification logos.

49

About

Measure

Certify

Reduce

Manage

Co

mm

un

ica

te

By certifying under the NoCO2 Program, you are eligible to become a part of the Low Carbon Economy Directory. You can promote your business to other businesses as well as to the public. The website LowCO2.com.au caters for consumers and organisations in search of lower climate impact goods and services.

The Low Carbon Economy Directory is constantly being updated. We can provide you with a business listing or you can also browse our regularly updated online directory at www.lowco2.com.au

Low Carbon Economy Directory Categories• Advertising & Media

• Automotive

• Babies

• Boating & Marine

• Building & Construction

• Business Services

• Cleaning Services

• Clothing, Textiles & Jewellery

• Computers & IT

• Dental Practitioners

• Education

• Electronics

• Environmental

• Events & Event Services

• Financial Services

• Fireworks

• Flowers & Florists

• Food & Beverage

• Freight & Logistics

• Gifts & Novelties

• Government

• Health & Beauty

• Hospitality

• Internet services

• Legal Services

• Leisure & Tourism

• Manufacturing

• Mining & mining services

• Packaging

• Printing

• Promotional Products

• Publishing & Books

• Real Estate & Property Services

• Recruitment

• Removals & Storage

• Retail

• Security

• Stationery

• Transport

• Travel Services

50

Appendix 1:About the Carbon Reduction InstituteThe Carbon Reduction Institute is one of Australia’s most experienced and reliable carbon management organisations. The Carbon Reduction Institute (CRI) was established in 2006 for the purpose of promoting awareness and action on climate change. CRI offers effective carbon management solutions for business and industry, with a strong emphasis on education and communication.

From humble beginnings, the organisation has grown to now cater for hundreds of businesses willing to take action on climate change. The focus of the organisation is to deliver reliable reporting on climate change impacts whilst providing emission reduction solutions for all types of organisations.

CRI’s flagship program is the NoCO2 Certification Program. This is fast becoming Australia’s most recognisable climate change certification system for organisations. Many businesses (in Australia and throughout the World) through this program have become a part of the Low Carbon Economy Directory; a network of businesses offering customers ‘low carbon’ or ‘carbon neutral’ products and services.

Our team is made up of carbon accounting experts, engineers and communications specialists all working to provide companies with fast, easy and effective ways to tackle climate change and add value to their business.

CRI’s services include:NoCO2 Certification Program

Carbon emissions assessments

Life-cycle Analysis including benchmarking

Reduction strategies and carbon offsets

Carbon neutral business certification

Staff education and training

Industry specific initiatives

Carbon neutral events services

Administration of the Low Carbon Economy Directory

Carbon Management StrategiesEmissions trading consulting

Energy Efficiency SolutionsNew technology opportunities

Funding and green leasing options

Energy efficiency offset trading

Testimonials:CRI has an extensive client list which can be viewed at www.lowco2.com.au. The last three years we have Audited CPA Australia’s carbon footprint and recently ranked in the highest category ‘outstanding’ for Choice magazine’s Carbon Offset Watch. We are willing to provide references at any time. What some of our affiliates and customers have to say:

‘We have found the team at CRI to be highly knowledgeable lateral thinkers who consistently provide new ideas and ways of tackling issues. The team at CRI continues to be the calibre of business partner that I am comfortable to refer to you.’ Ian Kiernan AO, Chairman, Clean up Australia

‘Since certifying the Mercure Meetings Service as Carbon Neutral through CRI, we have noticed an increase in companies using the service; particularly those who have a green conscience.’ Nick Clarke, National Accounts Manager MICE, Accor Hotels

APPE

ND

IX 1

51

APPE

ND

IX 2

Appendix 2:A bit on Climate Change We couldn’t write this guide and not include some education on climate change. Here is some basic information. To learn more, there are plenty of resources available online—we have included a further reading list as well.

The three terms global warming, climate change and the enhanced green house effect are used when discussing what is commonly termed climate change.

Global Warming refers to the increase in the Earth’s average temperature over recent history and the projected continuation of this increase.

Climate Change is the variation of the global or regional climate over a period time, such as that occurring due to global warming. Climate change has begun to refer to recent changes in the climate, attributable to the release of greenhouse gases through human activities such as fossil fuel burning and land clearing. These greenhouse gas emissions from human activities add extra greenhouse gas to the atmosphere which causes the enhanced greenhouse effect.

The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect is the mechanism by which extra heat is trapped in the earth’s atmosphere due to the additional greenhouse gases.

Figure 31: The Image Below Shows An Explanation Of The Greenhouse And The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.

52

APPE

ND

IX 2

Appendix 2: [Continued]Greenhouse Gases There are six gases which are identified as greenhouse gases under the Kyoto Protocol. Although there are many more gases which can have a positive or negative greenhouse effect on the atmosphere, these particular gases are identified as the main sources of the increasing greenhouse effect in the atmosphere.

The six greenhouse gases recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) comprise carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). (The HFCs and PFCs are classes of chemical species rather than individual species.)1

While some of these gases occur naturally in the atmosphere (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) certain human activities have added significantly to the atmospheric levels of these gases. The remaining synthetic gases, while produced in lesser quantities, are nonetheless very potent greenhouse gases.

This potency is due to their strong infrared absorption characteristics, as a result of which 1 kg gas in the atmosphere can be equivalent in greenhouse warming to many tonnes of CO2. The CO2 equivalence of a particular gas, when integrated over a time horizon of 100 years, is referred to as its Global Warming Potential (GWP). The Global Warming Potentials over 100 years of the six IPCC greenhouse gases are shown below.

The global warming potential of these gases is used to convert quantities of these gases into an equivalent quantity of CO2 (CO2e). The CO2e term is used as a convenient way to determine the net global warming impact of an action, such as driving a car, rather than breaking this down into each separate gas.

Greenhouse Gases 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP100) 2

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1

Methane (CH4) 28

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 265

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 12,000

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 2,290

Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 23,500

[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2013) pg 731 Table 8.A.1. Guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories – Green­house gas inventory reference manual. IPCC WGI Technical Support Unit, Bracknell, UK.

[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2001). Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. [Third Assessment Report from Working Group 1. Edited by Houghton, J.T. et al.] Cambridge University Press, UK.

53

APPE

ND

IX 3

Appendix 3:

What people are saying about the Climate Crisis‘The danger posed by war to all of humanity - and to our planet - is at least matched by the climate crisis and global warming. I believe that the world has reached a critical stage in its efforts to exercise responsible environmental stewardship.’ - Ban Ki-moon, UN Secretary General.

‘Climate change poses clear, catastrophic threats. We may not agree on the extent, but we certainly can’t afford the risk of inaction.’ - Rupert Murdoch, Business magnate.

‘The world’s forests need to be seen for what they are... giant global utilities, providing essential services to humanity on a vast scale. Rainforests store carbon, which is lost to the atmosphere when they burn, increasing global warming. The life they support cleans the atmosphere of pollutants and feeds it with moisture. They help regulate our climate and sustain the lives of some of the poorest people on this Earth.’ - Charles, Prince of Wales.

‘I want to testify today about what I believe is a planetary emergency - a crisis that threatens the survival of our civilization and the habitability of the Earth.’ - Al Gore Testifying on impact of global warming before US congress.

‘All across the world, in every kind of environment and region known to man, increasingly dangerous weather patterns and devastating storms are abruptly putting an end to the long-running debate over whether or not climate change is real. Not only is it real, it’s here, and its effects are giving rise to a frighteningly new global phenomenon: the man-made natural disaster.’ - Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States.

‘Our generation has inherited an incredibly beautiful world from our parents and they from their parents. It is in our hands whether our children and their children inherit the same world.’ - Richard Branson, English business magnate & Airline tycoon pledging $3 billion to combat global warming by helping to develop alternative energy technologies.

‘We are upsetting the atmosphere upon which all life depends. In the late 80s when I began to take climate change seriously, we referred to global warming as a “slowmotion catastrophe” one we expected to kick in perhaps generations later. Instead, the signs of change have accelerated alarmingly.’ - David Suzuki, Award-winning Scientist, Environmentalist and Broadcaster.

‘Global warming is too serious for the world any longer to ignore its danger or split into opposing factions on it.’ - Tony Blair, Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom

‘The issue of climate change is one that we ignore at our own peril. There may still be disputes about exactly how much we’re contributing to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and how much is naturally occurring, but what we can be scientifically certain of is that our continued use of fossil fuels is pushing us to a point of no return. And unless we free ourselves from a dependence on these fossil fuels and chart a new course on energy in this country, we are condemning future generations to global catastrophe.’ - Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States

‘Business is recognising the role it can play in combating climate change. Thank God, is all I can say, for there is a desperately urgent need for business to play that role. Your lobbying influence can be substantial, but together, united and in large enough numbers it could prove decisive in turning the tide.’ - Charles, Prince of Wales

54

APPE

ND

IX 4

Appendix 4:

Inputs into Emissions Assessments (Events)

55

APPE

ND

IX 4

Appendix 4: [Continued]Inputs into Emissions Assessments (Wineries)

56

APPE

ND

IX 5

Appendix 5:Sample Project Profile

57

APPE

ND

IX 5

58

APPE

ND

IX 6

Appendix 6:Energy Walk AroundPlease refer to REDUCE section of this guide for instructions on completing this activity.

Lighting CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Is lighting switched off in unoccupied areas (e.g. toilets with extractor fans)?

Make sure light switches are easily accessible and, if necessary, put up notes to remind everyone to turn off the lights.

Are the lights switched off when there is sufficient daylight?

Make it a habit to check lighting a few times throughout the day.

Are lights no unnecessarily?Are lights dimmed when they could be switched off?

Only use lights when they are absolutely necessary.

Are light switches labeled and lighting zones clearly identified?

Label switches and inform staff of the need to turn off the lights when leaving an area.

Can desk lamps with compact fluorescent lights be used instead of the main lights?

Provide desk lamps with compact fluorescent lights for staff.

Can cleaners be encouraged to switch off lights once they have cleaned an area?

Remind cleaners to turn off the lights. If necessary, put up notes.

Are external lights on during the day?

Always turn off external lights when not needed.

Are energy saving lights installed throughout the office?

Arrange for someone to come around and install energy saving lights for you. Please contact us for assistance.

Are all office lights switched off at night and on weekend/public holidays?

Find out who leaves the office last and make sure that person remembers to turn off all lights.

59

APPE

ND

IX 6

CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Are lights in certain areas too bright?

Replace lights that are too bright with a lower power version. Always adjust lighting to comfortable levels.

Can the cleaners come in at a time where the lights are not needed

Cleaners could come in during working hours without causing much disruption, e.g. on a late Friday afternoon.

How many Halogen Downlights does your office have?

Replace Halogen Downlights with an energy efficient version such as new LED Downlights.

How many Incandescent Bulbs does your office have?

Replace Incandescent Bulbs with an energy efficient version such as a Compact Fluorescent Light.

How many Halogen Floodlights does your office have?

Replace Halogen Floodlights with an energy efficient version.

How many Par38 Floodlights does your office have?

Replace Par38 Floodlights with an energy efficient version.

HalogenDownlights

IncandescentBulbs

HalogenFloodlights

Par38Floodlights

60

APPE

ND

IX 6

Equipment CompleteYes/No Action Comments

How many computers, fax machines, scanners, copiers, printers are there in your office? Can the number be reduced?

Try to work with minimal necessary equipment.

Are energy saving features on computers and other equipment activated?

Find and activate energy saving features on all equipment, especially on photocopiers.

Is non-essential equipment switched off overnight and on weekends, including computer screens?

Distribute motivational stickers to remind staff to turn off their computers and screens at the end of the day.

What type of computer are staff using?

If possible, provide all staff with LCD flat screen monitors or, even better, laptops to save energy.

Can timers be fitted to vending machines/water coolers?

Install timers and set them to turn on when the office is occupied.

Can medical/laboratory equipment be switched on later in the day, and switched off earlier?

Only switch on equipment when needed.

Have air conditioners, heaters/boilers been serviced in the last 12 months?

Regular preventive maintenance will improve performance, reduce energy used and increase lifetime.

Can the fridge be set to a higher temperature, and is the back of the fridge well ventilated?

Between 4-5˚C is the recommended temperature for fridges. Most fridges are cold enough for food to freeze close to the walls!

Can fax machines be replaced with electronic fax option to receive documents as files instead of paper?

Fit your fax machines with an electronic fax option. That will save you all the paper from printing out unwanted faxes!

61

APPE

ND

IX 6

CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Can screens and other equipment be switched off during the day (e.g. during lunch)?

Encourage staff to turn off their screens when going to lunch or meetings.

Can the number of printers be reduced to one single printer in a central area?

See which areas in the office can be pooled to share one printer.

Does all equipment have a high energy-star rating?

When buying new equipment, always choose products when a high energy-star rating.

Are kettles overfilled for hot drinks?

Only fill the kettle with the amount of water you need. Place stickers to promote change in behaviour.

Are staff printing documents unnecessarily?

Remind staff to print only when necessary.

Are failed or failing equipment checked/reported?

If it doesn’t work correctly, it may consume more energy/resources than it should to operate. Fix or replace the equipment.

62

APPE

ND

IX 6

Air Conditioning

CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Is air conditioning turned off overnight, on weekends?

To ensure air conditioning is turned off overnight and on weekends. You could install timer switches to do the work for you.

Can natural temperature regulation (opening windows/doors) be used instead of the air conditioner?

Make as much use as possible of natural temperature regulation. It’s healthy too!

Is the air conditioner set too cold in summer or too hot in winter?

Provide the right temperature. As an indicator, 19-20˚C is the recommended temperature in offices.

Is air conditioning running at the same time as other heating equipment?

Always turn off one before using the other

Is it possible to reduce heat loads by closing blinds to reduce solar gain and switch off unnecessary lights and electrical equipment?

Install blinds, solar screens or shades to cool the office.

Are external doors and windows closed when air conditioning is on?

Make sure the office is well sealed when running the air conditioner.

Is the air conditioning system working with faults?

Report irregularities to building management to service and rectify the fault.

63

APPE

ND

IX 6

Heating CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Does the temperature vary much during the day?

Provide the right temperature. As an indicator, 19-20˚C is the recommended temperature in offices.

Do occupants complain it is too hot or too cold? Are staff in the office underdressed in winter?

This may be an indication that heating/cooling is out of control. Check temperature levels and provide the right temperature consistently

Are thermostatic radiator valves set correctly? Do they work or are they broken?

Set valves correctly and make sure they are working properly

Do radiators need bleeding of air to make them effective?

If air is getting into the radiators frequently, this may be a sign of a leak somewhere, such as a dripping valve, or loose joint. Radiators are usually bled only once or twice a season

Are radiators blocked by boxes/furniture, restricting air circulation?

Make sure radiators are unobstructed

Are mobile electric heaters in use?

If yes, find out why the office is too cold and try to provide the right temperature to eliminate the need for individual electric heaters

If there are permanent electric heaters with individual temperature and time control, are they set correctly?

Make sure that heaters are efficient and that all controls are set correctly

Are windows and doors draughty?

Seal windows and doors to decrease heat loss

64

APPE

ND

IX 6

Water Use CompleteYes/No Action Comments

What type of hot water system do you have?

Consider changing to a solar or heat pump or gas hot water system

Are there any dripping taps? Fix all dripping taps

Is there any evidence of water leaks? (e.g. wet pathways on a dry day)

If yes, find the source for water leakage and repair

Are urinal controls in use in men’s toilets and operating properly?

Check all controls and make sure they are functioning well

Is water escaping from overflows either inside or outside buildings?

Fix all leaking pipes and taps

65

APPE

ND

IX 6

Waste CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Does local council provide recycling facilities?

Check with your local council what you can recycle and make sure appropriate bins are provided.

Are recycling facilities provided in the office and easy accessible to staff?

Please check our Recycling Policy for a guide on how to distribute bins throughout the office.

Do staff re-use scrap paper for taking notes before recycling it?

Make scrap paper easily available for all staff.

Do staff buy takeaway coffee and lunch in plastic containers?

Provide a well-equipped kitchen and encourage staff to make coffee and prepare lunches rather than buying takeaway cups and containers.

Is there room to setup a worm farm in the office?

Outdoor areas of the office such as balconies and light wells can be used to feed office food scraps to the worms.

Do cleaners empty the recycling bins into the appropriate wheelie bins?

Make sure cleaners are aware of your recycling efforts and use the right bins.

Is other waste produced unnecessarily, such as printing documents which could be read on the computer?

Make sure employees are aware of the need to save paper and energy and know how to do so.

66

APPE

ND

IX 6

Other Considerations

CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Are there any major windows facing north or west?

If yes, utilise those windows for heating in winter and install shades to reduce the amount of heat gained in summer.

Is there evidence of problems with double glazing? (e.g. moisture between panes)

This is an indicator for leaks. Make sure old seals are replaced and windows do not let in air when closed.

Are fridge doors kept closed? Do seals need replacing? Is the fridge set too cold?

Reminder stickers can help ensure that the fridge is only opened when absolutely necessary.

Can you take up virtual meetings such as videoconferencing to reduce the number of business related flights?

Please contact us if you are interested in finding out ways to save flight-related carbon emissions

Is GreenPowerTM sourced for the office?

GreenPowerTM does not have to be more expensive than black power! Check with your local provided and subscribe to a GreenPowerTM Plan

Are external doors and windows closed when air conditioning is on?

Make sure the office is well sealed when running the air conditioner

How many ‘central’ work zones are there in your office? (e.g. clusters of people working within proximity)

Dividing the office into work zones will help allocate light switches, printers and other equipment

67

APPE

ND

IX 6

Posters/Stickers

CompleteYes/No Action Comments

Are posters/stickers displayed in appropriate areas to encourage staff to be more efficient?

Put up stickers and posters throughout the office reminding employees of actions to take

Do you need additional light switch stickers to remind people to turn off lights when not in use?

Speak to your CRI account manager for more supplies

68

APPE

ND

IX 7

Appendix 7: Case Studies The following pages show a sample of our clients who have joined the NoCO2 Certification Program. The Case Study highlights some aspects of their climate change action and is used as a quick snapshot to promote and market their action. Case Studies are often being updated and revised—these are a selection which are current at the time of printing.

69

APPE

ND

IX 7

70

APPE

ND

IX 7

71

APPE

ND

IX 7

72

APPE

ND

IX 7

73

APPE

ND

IX 7

74

APPE

ND

IX 7

75

APPE

ND

IX 7

76

Re

fer

en

ce

s

References:References from Carbon Offset Section• Commonwealth of Australia (2008), “The Australian Government’s Initial Report under the Kyoto Protocol.”

Published by the Department of Climate Change, p7• Commonwealth of Australia (2008), “Abatement Incentives Prior to the Commencement of the Australian

Emissions Trading Scheme”, Published by the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet, p4• Neco. Online Resource. Viewed 22nd July 2008. Available at: http://www.neco.com.au/product.

asp?pID=1106&cID=152• Carbon Planet. Online resource, viewed 22nd July 2008. Available at: http://www.carbonplanet.com/shop/packages• Climate Friendly (2008), Online resource, viewed 21 July 2008. Available at: https://climatefriendly.com/shop• Cleaner Climate (2008), Online resource, viewed 21 July 2008. Available at: http://www.cleanerclimate.com/index.

php?option=com_custompages&Itemid=54• Gold Standard Registry, APX (2008), Online resource, viewed 22 July 2008. Available via subscription at: https://gs1.

apx.com/mymodule/ProjectDoc/EditProjectDoc.asp?id1=338• Meridian Energy (2007), Online resource, viewed 22 July 2008. Available at: http://www.meridianenergy.co.nz/

AboutUs/News/Meridian+Energy+first+NZ+energy+company+to+have+certified+carbon+neutral+electricity+.htm

• Origin Energy, 2008, Carbon Reduction Scheme Website. Online resource, viewed 21 July 2008. Available at: http://www.originenergy.com.au/CRS

• Origin Energy, 2008, Carbon Calculator Website. Online resource, viewed 21 July 2008. Available at: http://www.originenergy.com.au/carbon/?_qf_p1_display=true&p=

• Version: Ravikiran / 001, dated 4 September 2008 (‘Monitoring Report’), p. 8, available at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/13KBH5NLQM60FOWXY9PZ8J47TCISAD , accessed on 31 March 2009.

• Validation Report, below n 13, s 1.2.• Voluntary Carbon Standard, version 2007.1, 18 November 2008, Available at: http://v-c-s.org/docs/Voluntary%20

Carbon%20Standard%202007_1.pdf, accessed on 31 March 2009.• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Clean Development Mechanism Executive Board,

‘Clean Development Mechanism Simplified Project Design Document for Small-Scale Project Activities • (SSC-CDM-PDD) 7.5 MC renewable energy generation for a grid, Karnataka, India’, Version 03, 30 April

2007 (‘Project Design Document’), p. 4, available at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/DA0IZH8WGKBHIYEFFDTK0D55AZ8FMG, accessed on 31 March 2009.

• Det Norske Veritas, Validation Report: 7.5 Mw Grid-Connected Biomass Power Project by Ravi Kiran Power Projects Private Limited In India, Report No. 2006-9131, Revision No. 02 (‘Validation Report’) s 3.7, available at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/4NTUBIYIH8ZH7WZ7ARU7VMII5OQXJH, accessed on 31 March 2009.

• Validation Report, p9• Project Design Document, above n 7, p. 14.• Monitoring Report, above, p. 4.• Gold Standard, ‘7.5 MC Grid-Connected Biomass Power Project by Ravi Kiran Power Projects Private Limited

(Project ID Number 0971) Annex to the PDD including Gold Standard validation requirements’, 28 September 2007 (‘Annex’), available at: http://www.dnv.com/focus/climate_change/Upload/Ravikiran%20GS%20Annex%20to%20the%20PDD.pdf, accessed on 31 March 2009.

• Det Norske Veritas, Validation Report: 7.5 Mw Grid-Connected Biomass Power Project by Ravi Kiran Power Projects Private Limited In India, Report No. 2006-9131, Revision No. 02 (‘Validation Report’) s 3.7, available at: http://cdm.unfccc.int/UserManagement/FileStorage/4NTUBIYIH8ZH7WZ7ARU7VMII5OQXJH, accessed on 31 March 2009.

• Annex, above n 12, p. 14.• Project Design Document, above n 7, p. 5.• Validation Report, above n 13, s 1.2.• Project Design Document, above n 7, P. 4.• Project Design Document, above n 7, p. 17.• Validation Report, p13

References from Energy Walk Around• Energy Walk round Checklist; developed under Switch and Save, an Energy Reduction Campaign by the University

of Edinburgh