Michaelides, D., G. Papantoniou, and M. Dikomitou-Eliadou. 2014, “Moulding Expressions of Culture:...

Reviews and Contribution

A. G. Leventis Research Projects 2000-2016

General Editing

Athanasios GagatsisProfessor, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs

Coordination/Editing

Pantelitsa EteokleousUniversity Officer, Research and International Relations Service

Design/Layout

Popi Palma ConstantinouResearch and International Relations Service

ISBN 978-9963-700-85-1Copyright©2014 University of Cyprus

Message from the Rector of the University of Cyprus .................................................................... 5

Message from the Chairman of the A. G. Leventis Foundation .................................................. 6

Introduction by the Vice Rector for Academic Affairs of the University of Cyprus .............. 7

Chapter OneHumanities and Letters

A New Critical Edition of the Chronicle of Leontios Makhairas ................................................17 Michalis Pieris and Angel Nicolaou-Konnari Romanorum Grammatices Fragmenta saec. II, III, IV .................................................................... 25 Ioannis Taifacos Victor Hugo et le Monde Grec .............................................................................................................. 27 May Chehab and Despina Provata The Speech of the Corcyraeans (1.32-6) in Thucydides: Style and Interpretation.............. 41 Antonis Tsakmakis The Prehistoric Settlement under the Heraion of Samos ............................................................ 51 Ourania Kouka Byzantine Documentary Sources of the Nicean Empire- The Cartulary of

Lembiotissa: Prospects and Possibilities of a New Critical Edition and Analysis ................ 65 Alexander Beihammer

Moulding Expressions of Culture: The Terracotta Figurines from the House of Orpheus, Nea Paphos .......................................................................................................................... 75 Demetrios Michaelides

The Ancient Scholia to Sophocles’ Oedipus Coloneus: A New Critical Edition ....................93 Georgios A. Xenis Stirring Pots on Fire: A Diachronic and Interdisciplinary Study of Cooking

Pots from Cyprus...................................................................................................................................... 107 Athanasios K. Vionis

Chapter TwoEconomics

International Trade in Used Goods: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Welfare Gains and Repercussions on Markets for New Goods................................................ 131 Sofronis Clerides

Mixed Data Sampling Regression Models: Applications in Business Cycle, Growth and Structural Breaks (2006-2009) .................................................................................... 141 Elena Andreou

Understanding the Composition of Household Wealth............................................................ 151 Michael Haliassos

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Chapter ThreeMathematics

Inequalities for Special Functions and Applications to Geometric Function Theory and Related Fields .................................................................................................................... 153 Stamatis Koumandos

Non–linear GARCH models for Time Series of Counts................................................................ 167 Konstantinos Fokianos

Chapter FourPure and Applied Sciences

Studies in Strong Interactions: Renormalization, Confinement and Chiral Symmetry Breaking ................................................................................................................................ 183 Constantia Alexandrou

Regulation of Glycogen and DNA Repair by the Formation of Biomolecular Complexes: Understanding via Biomolecular Modeling and Free-Energy Simulations. ............................................................................................................ 189 Georgios Archontis, Spyros Skourtis, Athanasios Nicolaides

Molecular Motors: Investigating their Role in Human Neurodegenerative Disease ........................................................................................................................................................ 205 Niovi Santama

Equol Reduces Tamoxifen Associated Toxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rat Hepatocytes and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ............................................................ 213 Andreas Constantinou

Probing Carrier Dynamics on a Femtosecond Timescale Using Ultrafast Pulse-Shaping .......................................................................................................................................... 229 Andreas Othonos

Thermodynamic Stability of Biomolecular Mixtures in Pure Water and Electrolyte Solutions: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations................................ 241 Georgios Archontis and Epameinondas Leontidis

Examining the Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in the Onset and Progression of HPV-related Cancers ................................................................................................ 259 Katerina Strati

Studying Nuclear Matter Under Extreme Conditions of High Temperature and High Baryonic Density: The International Experiment HADES at the Heavy-ion Research Center of GSI Darmstadt, Germany .......................................................... 267 Haralambos Tsertos

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Chapter FiveNew Research Programmes 2014-2016

ΚΑΡΑΒΟΙ: The Ship Graffiti on the Medieval Monuments of Cyprus: Mapping,Documentation and Digitisation ...................................................................................................... 285 Stella Demesticha

The Church of the Transfiguration at Sotera (Famagusta District) in Context: History – Architecture - Murals .......................................................................................................... 289 Maria G. Parani

Adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates CDI in Cypriot-Greek........................................................ 293 George Floros Scientific Models: Describing the Abstract and Representing the Real .............................. 295 Demetris Portides The Vocabulary of Byzantine Classicizing and Literary Koine Texts: A Database of Correspondences........................................................................................................ 299 Martin Hinterberger The Contribution of Gestures in Geometrical Thinking Development

in Early Childhood .................................................................................................................................. 301 Iliada Elia

Cypriot Presence and Public Diplomacy in Africa: A Historical Perspective ...................... 305 Costas M. Constantinou GRECO (Retaining Greek in “Enclaved” COmmunities): Greek as a mother

tongue among Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus and Cunda Cretans in Turkey .......................... 309 Elena Ioannidou

Adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for disruptive behavior in Greek Cypriot children........................................................................................................................................ 313 Kostas Fantis

A Re-Constitution Process for the Cypriot Constitution: Towards a New Transit Basic Law ...................................................................................................................................... 315 Constantinos Kombos

Historical and Etymological Dictionary of Turkish (continuation) ........................................ 317 Martin Strohmeier Concepts and Functions of European Philhellenism in the era of the

Restoration (1815-30) ............................................................................................................................ 319 Martin Vöhler

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Table of Contents page

Research Programmes of the University of Cyprus funded by A. G. Leventis Foundation(2000-2014)

High-calibre scholarly research is one of the main pillars of development of the Universityof Cyprus (UCY) and has been a central tenant in its mission statement since the University'sestablishment in 1989. UCY supports and promotes research firmly, with all the means atits disposal, since, apart from being a knowledge incubator, is also a vibrant cell connectingscience with society.

At the same time, being aware of its multifaceted role, as an economic-growth engine, UCYhas adopted the Knowledge Triangle framework, that is, Research - Education – Innovation,in order to contribute to the upgrading of technology, strengthening of the knowledgesociety, improvement of the natural environment, public health, social organization, self-actualization of the individual and in general Cyprus economy and its people’s wellbeing.

Eventually, the significant research of high quality conducted at UCY in its just 22-year lifespan makes up the largest proportion of country’s total research activity, while constitutingUCY as the eminently research institution of higher education in Cyprus. Meanwhile, thesignificant number of research achievements and distinctions has established theUniversity of Cyprus in the global research map as a research center of excellence ofEuropean standards.

Apart from the state funding, UCY has worked through the years with patience andperseverance to attract the maximum possible external support for funding its research,having reached today the amount of €100 million. One of the main loyal supporters of theresearch conducted in UCY research centers and units is the A. G. Leventis Foundation,which since 2000 has funded a total of 22 research programmes.

This edition presents both the results of the 14-year research funded by the A. G. LeventisFoundation and the 12 research projects recently funded by the Foundation (2014-2016)aiming to make them known to the wider academic community locally and internationally,but also to become a form of guide for future researcher of Leventis research grants.

On behalf of the university community, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation andgratitude to the President and the members of the Board of Trustees of the A. G. LeventisFoundation for their loyal support to the UCY all these years and their substantialcontribution in the University’s research goals achievement.

Professor Constantinos ChristofidesRector, University of Cyprus

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I feel particular satisfaction that the University of Cyprus has undertaken the publicationof final reports on the research programmes carried out between 2000 and 2013 withfunding provided by the A. G. Leventis Foundation. To these have been added summariesof subsequent research programmes scheduled for the period 2014-2016. Contents of thisextensive volume are excellent indicators of the University’s research priorities and theirscope, as well as of wider practical applications for the public good. We are given an insight,also, into the methods employed and of course, into scholarly results of this research.Reports make clear the enthusiastic participation by the University of Cyprus’ scientific andtechnical personnel in this multi-disciplinary undertaking.

The Foundation, inspired by the ideals of its founders, has long supported education andresearch. It grants a significant number of postgraduate fellowships yearly and financesresearch programmes in a number of Cypriot educational organisations in addition to theUniversity of Cyprus. It believes that, through research, intellectual curiosity is stimulatednot only for the benefit of Cyprus and its people, but so that young people—those beingtrained in research programmes and those collaborating with other research institutionsin Cyprus and abroad—benefit as individuals and as citizens.

An independently-selected University committee is responsible for the selection of high-quality proposals. In arriving at its decisions, this Committee is mandated as far as possibleto compensate for gaps in international, multilateral, or direct government support forresearch in certain fields. For this reason, during recent years, the committee has focusedon its support for the humanities.

The Foundation has enjoyed a close cooperation with the University of Cyprus since itsfounding. The Foundation’s first President, Dinos Leventis, was for many years a memberof the University Council and played a decisive role in its establishment and growth. TheFoundation continues to provide material support to the University for its core operationand organization. Furthermore, as is evident from the research programmes described inthis volume, it supports both teaching and research in specific fields. The University ofCyprus has gained an enviable reputation for the high quality of its teaching, and hasdistinguished itself in research, which is a particular source of satisfaction to theFoundation’s Board of Trustees, given the A. G. Leventis Foundation’s long-standinginvolvement. It is my belief that independent funding of this nature, whereby theUniversity’s proven and academically rigorous internal selection processes aresupplemented by well-informed external advice and guidance, will further assist theUniversity in its ambitions to achieve a comprehensive and well-structured researchportfolio across a wide spectrum of subjects and disciplines.

Anastasios P. LeventisChairman of the A. G. Leventis Foundation

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IntroductionThe current edition is a tribute to the research programmes of the University of Cyprus thathave received funding from the A. G. Leventis Foundation from 2000 onwards. It is acollection of scientific articles and publications that were the product of the fundedresearch programmes. From its early years the University of Cyprus targets to enhance andpromote research, innovation, knowledge and education. The academic and research staffof the University of Cyprus has shown important achievements in the European andInternational research area and have achieved significant funding beyond national funds,mostly, through its participation in European research programmes. Thus, the Universityof Cyprus, through the years, has managed to attract a significant amount of externalfunding.

In this context, the A. G. Leventis Foundation has played an instrumental and decisive rolein the development of research through its funding at a time when the University of Cypruswas still in its infant stages of its research activity. The provision of research grants by theFoundation encourages excellence since the Foundation provides grants only to high levelresearch programs. Through its funding, the A. G. Leventis Foundation, aims to promoteresearch and science that is considered valuable for Cypriot society and to provideopportunities for knowledge and an outlet for career advancement for the youngergeneration.

The management of the annual funding from the A. G. Leventis Foundation is undertakenby the A. G. Leventis Committee. The Committee has a monitoring role and among itsresponsibilities is to decide to open a call for proposal submission and to evaluate andselect research proposals eligible for funding. It is important to note that before theCommittee takes any decision regarding the provision of grants for those selected researchprogrammes, an evaluation of the proposals is also carried out by external evaluators. TheCommittee is composed of three external members assigned by the Leventis Foundation,usually two from abroad and one based in Cyprus, and two members from the Universityof Cyprus. The president of the Committee is the Vice-Rector for Research and AcademicAffairs of the University of Cyprus. The Committee is in constant communication with theA. G. Leventis Foundation and convenes once a year or once every other year. The ResearchCommittee, one of the University of Cyprus Senate´s Committees, is also involved in theimplementation process and plays an administrative role in running the programmes. Its´role is mainly confined to financial tasks such as approving budget transfers among costcategories of the project at hand as well as changes in the duration of the funded projectswhere it is considered necessary. The A. G. Leventis Committee and the A. G. LeventisFoundation are briefed about the decisions taken internally at the University of Cyprus thataffect the funded research programmes.

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Moulding Expressions of Culture: The Terracotta Figurinesfrom the House of Orpheus, Nea Paphos

Principal Investigator: Demetrios Michaelides, Professor, Department of Historyand Archaeology, Faculty of Letters, University of Cyprus

Research Associates: Giorgos Papantoniou, PhD and Maria Dikomitou-Eliadou,PhD, Department of History and Archaeology, Archaelogical Research Unit,Faculty of Letters, University of Cyprus

Abstract The multifaceted significance of Cypriot terracottas has been acknowledged by thelarge corpus of published data, which addresses a series of interlinked issues, relatedto their typological, stylistic and chronological classification, the technology andtechniques employed in their manufacture, their provenance, the mode of theirproduction, the scale of their distribution, and their role as cultural artefacts in differingsocial contexts. However, despite the substantial studies on earlier Cypriot terracottafigurines, the Hellenistic and Roman material remains – with very few exemptions –highly neglected, and outside recent theoretical and scientific developments.

The terracotta figurines from the House of Orpheus in Nea Paphos, excavated by theCypriot Department of Antiquities between 1982-1992 and by the University of Cyprussince 2010, form part of a significant material assemblage that spans in time from theHellenistic to the Roman periods. These high-quality terracotta figurines fall within themainstream of Cypriot art and its associated ancient technological and cultural systems.This project, bringing together scholars from different backgrounds, aimed at asystematic and holistic assessment of this assemblage. Stylistic, analytical andtheoretical methods of study were employed, tackling the aforementioned issues forthese later periods of Cypriot Antiquity. Additionally, through comparative studies withother Cypriot and Mediterranean sites, the project examined continuing and changingpatterns of production, distribution and function of Cypriot terracottas, as a result ofthe interplay between local structures and incoming Ptolemaic and Roman socio-political and socio-cultural impositions.

More specifically, the project undertook: 1. a typological, stylistic and iconographicanalysis of the figurines; 2. their compositional study focusing on fabrics, slips andpigments; 3. a systematic attempt to interpret the analytical data addressing issuesrelated to chronology, technology of manufacture, provenance and distribution; 4. thestudy of the inscriptions incised on some of the figurines; 5. the contextualisation ofthe figurines within their individual depositional intra-site context, as well as theirbroader socio-cultural and socio-political Cypriot and Mediterranean contexts; and 6.the reconstruction and visualisation of specific fragmented specimens in theiranticipated full shape and colour. The implementation of this project was achievedusing a range of multidisciplinary approaches and methods, such as traditionalexaminations of style, statistics, social theory, chemical analyses, and drawing software.

Research Programmes - A. G. Leventis Foundation

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IntroductionThe terracottas from the House ofOrpheus form a significant materialassemblage that spans from Hellenistic toRoman times. Earlier studies of Hellenisticand Roman terracottas in Cyprus are verylimited and mostly focused on an objetd’art descriptive approach. For this reason,the launch of the inter-/multi-disciplinarystudy of the Hellenistic and Romanterracottas from the House was aninnovative attempt for a holistic study ofthis significant material assemblageemploying, stylistic, iconographic,physiochemical, computational andtheoretical methods of analysis.

The aim of this article is to provide anoverview of the project, which wasfunded by the A.G. Leventis Foundationvia the University of Cyprus, alsosummarising some of the results. Thepresentation of the material in itsarchaeological context will be followed bythe presentation of the qualitative and quantitative data provided by the employment of portable X-rayFluorescence Spectroscopy (pXRF) andInstrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA), two methods of chemical analysisthat allowed us to develop argumentsregarding the technology of productionand the scale of distribution of thesefigurines. The employment of 3Dscanning technology offered theopportunity to visualise and furtherexplore aspects of the technology andfunctions of the terracottas in a digitalform, and provided the groundwork forthe creation of moulds to be used for thephysical reproduction of selectedspecimens. The overall aim of the articleis to explain how this inter-/multi-disciplinary study of the terracottas from the House of Orpheus has led to the enhanced understanding of the

function/s of these artefacts in a Cypriotdomestic environment.

The House of OrpheusLet us now examine briefly thearchaeological context of the terracottas.The House of Orpheus was partlyexcavated between 1982-1992 by theCypriot Department of Antiquities, underthe direction of D. Michaelides, thenArchaeological Officer for the District ofPaphos. After several failed attempts,Michaelides succeeded in returning to thesite in 2010, and establish a new projectfor the Archaeological Research Unit ofthe University of Cyprus, with the aim ofcompleting the excavation and preparingthe publication of the results, which willbe crucial, not only to our understandingof Hellenistic and Roman Cyprus, but alsoto positioning the island into its broaderMediterranean socio-political and socio-economic contexts of the periods underdiscussion.

The main phase of the building dates tothe late 2nd/early 3rd century AD, and owesits name to a fine mosaic depictingOrpheus charming the beasts. Deepertrenches and sondages have revealed aseries of structures the initial one goingback to early Hellenistic times. Theimportance of the House of Orpheus isinferred not only from the rare characterof finds, but also from its location, situatedas it is in one of the most prestigiousneighbourhoods of the city, adjacent tothe Villa of Theseus, which is believed tohave been the administrative centre ofthe Roman capital of the island.

The ProjectOne of several projects relating to thestudy of the finds from the site is thatfunded by the Anastasios G. Leventis

Moulding Expressions of Culture: The Terracotta Figurines from the House of Orpheus, Nea Paphos

Foundation, initiated in late 2011, anddedicated to the study of the terracottasfound at the site. The project addresses aseries of interlinked issues, related: a/ tothe typological, stylistic and chronologicalclassification of the terracottas, as well as to their role as cultural artefacts in differing social contexts; b/ to theirprovenance and to the scale of theirdistribution; c/ to the technology and techniques employed in theirmanufacture; and, lastly, d/ to their digitalrestoration and the development ofdedicated applications for visualising andexploring the digitised specimens.

The realisation of the project relies heavilyon the sharing of the various tasksamongst the different competences ofthe members of the research team andthe continuous interaction between thedifferent disciplines collaborating for theimplementation of the theoretical andanalytical tasks. For the aims of the projectthe Archaeological Research Unit of theUniversity of Cyprus has collaborated withspecialists from the Department ofMultimedia and Graphic Arts of theCyprus University of Technology, theInstitute of Materials Science of theDemokritos National Centre for ScientificResearch (Athens), and the Laboratory ofTHETIS Authentics LTD (Athens).

The TerracottasThe House of Orpheus has so far yieldedmore than 400 terracotta fragments.These have all been catalogued,described, drawn and photographed. Allthis information has been linked to anelectronic database, which allows for amore practical processing of the materialleading to the production of morecontrolled stratigraphic, spatial andstatistical results and correlations.

Most of the terracottas survive in smallfragments and only a very small numberis preserved nearly intact or complete.The identifiable fragments come mainlyfrom anthropomorphic and zoomorphicfigurines ranging from about 10 to 25 cm in height. Where possible, the iconographic types and possiblechronologies have been established.Moreover, it is hoped that, in some rarecases, the chemical characterisation of theceramic fabrics will contribute to theidentification of fragments that belong tothe same artefact, something that wouldnot have been possible otherwise.

Some figurines bear inscriptions. Studiesof inscribed specimens, for both Cyprusand the broader Mediterranean, suggestthat such inscriptions represent thesignatures of the coroplasts (cf. Higgins1967; Uhlenbrock 1990, 15; Barrett 2011,107), an argument reinforced by the factthat these are placed on the back of thefigurines. In any case and generallyspeaking, the examples bearing possiblesignatures are very few in number,something which confirms that it wasatypical for coroplasts to sign their work(Barrett 2011, 107, 364 n. 1483).

Aphrodite features most prominently inthe corpus. A nearly complete figurinewith remnants of a white slip, and red,pink and yellow colour, for example,represents the naked goddess fasteningher strophion. Related to the imagery ofAphrodite are fragments showing Eros,while other deities such as Dionysos,Tyche and probably Isis are represented.Zoomorphic figurines form anothersignificant group amongst the materialunder study. There are representations ofdeer and at least one possible sow, cow orbull; but the most common type is that ofthe so-called Maltese spitz or terrier,found in other Cypriot sites and in many

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areas of the Mediterranean (e.g. at Delos:see Barrett 2011, 187).

Raw Materials, Provenance andTechnology: The employment of p-XRFand NAA

In the course of the multidisciplinary study of the terracotta figurines, thecharacterisation of their ceramic fabricswas thought essential for an enhancedunderstanding of the technology of their production, and for allowing anexamination of their compositionalvariability, and, if possible, for determiningtheir provenance. Considering variousfactors (e.g. the quality and fineness of the ceramic fabrics, the degree ofpreservation of the terracotta figurines,and the permissions from the CypriotDepartment of Antiquities for physico-chemical analyses of these artefacts),portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy(pXRF) and Instrumental NeutronActivation Analysis (INAA) were thoughtthe most appropriate methods for theirchemical analysis.

In order to facilitate the use of this data byother scholars working on similar materialfrom other Cypriot and Mediterraneansites, we have combined a series ofmacroscopic and microscopic methods ofqualitative and quantitative analysissupported by images of the sectionstaken by a USB-microscope. Overall, atleast macroscopically, it seems that therewas a common technology followed inthe manufacture of the terracottafigurines with minor variations in theircomposition, as different workshops useddifferent sources of raw materials, andpossibly different techniques of fabricpreparation. The general observation isthat the ceramic fabrics of the terracottafigurines are fine and more rarely semi-fine. Some preserve remains of a white

slip and various colours, including red,reddish brown, pink, yellow, orange,green, black and blue. It should be notedthat in the majority of cases colour wasdetected in folds and incisions on theterracottas, and never on larger flat areas,indicating the fugitive nature of thecolouring material.

Considering both the pXRF and NAA data,it can be argued that the terracottafigurines from the House of Orpheus aremostly products of local manufacturemade in local or regional ceramic centres.There is only a very small number ofspecimens that deviate from the twolarger chemical clusters defined throughthe employment of pXRF and NAA, whichare characterised as outliers. Statisticalanalyses, including principal componentsanalysis and cluster analysis have beenused to test the correspondence betweenthe analytical datasets.

According to the obtained chemical dataand their statistical processing, the largestnumber of terracotta figurines from theHouse of Orpheus was made at the sameproduction centre, or adjacent workshopslocated within the same geologicalregion. A smaller group comes from otherproduction centres, mainly within Cyprus.This argument is justified by all differentmethods of data processing. It is thussuggested that the inhabitants of theHouse of Orpheus did not use exclusivelyonly one source for obtaining theirterracotta figurines but that they or theirsupplier addressed their needs todifferent workshops; among them oneproduction centre or production complexbeing their main source of supply.Moreover, these classificatory andreduction statistical techniques havebeen used for defining groupings amongthe compositional data, and for displayingin graphical representations any


relationships between the chemicalcomposition, the chronology, the fabric orthe type of the samples under study.

Generally speaking, in pre-Hellenistictimes, as well as the snowman technique,the Cypriot coroplasts sometimes usedmoulds for the production of figurines(Serwint 2000). It was only towards theend of the Hellenistic period that mould-made, hollow figurines became the norm(Queyrel 1988); and from then onmanufacturing processes and techniquesdrew heavily upon the advances madeelsewhere, adapting various newmethods of ante- and post-firing treat-ments. Hitherto there has been nodetailed, point-by-point comparison ofthe Cypriot coroplasts’ manufacturingtechniques within an island and a broaderMediterranean sphere, in order to identifyhands or workshops and regionaltechniques.

With the exception of larger terracottas,the figurines from the House of Orpheusare hollow and double-moulded. In somecases, extra detail was incised with a sharptool (Michaelides 1992, 324). Practically allthe figurines that preserve their back areequipped with a circular hole. Although ithas sometimes been argued that the holewas probably used for suspending thefigurines on walls (Nicolaou 1967, 125),there can be no doubt that, as supportedby Muller (2010, 101) and others, thesehave another, practical role: they are ventholes, as well as a means of access thatenabled the coroplast to consolidate thejoins between the two halves of thefigurines from the inside. Visible finger-prints on the inside of joining parts ofseveral of our terracottas add validity tothis interpretation. The examination andrecording of the techniques employed forthe manufacture of the terracottafigurines has been evaluated by means of

a macroscopic and microscopic study ofthe samples, but also by experimentalwork. Special interest was focused on rawmaterials selection and processing,shaping techniques, and firingtemperatures.

Digitisation of the FigurinesIn addition, the project aimed to raisepublic interest in this type of artefactsthrough the development of novelapplications related to the production ofreplicas, both digital and physical. The aimof this work-package was to use 3Dscanning for generating 3D models ofterracotta figurines. The resulting modelshave been used as the basis for creatingmoulds used for experimental workrelated to the physical reproduction ofselected figurines. Apart from the physicalreproduction process we also aimed todevelop dedicated tools suitable forprocessing the resulting 3D models. Thetools we developed are divided into thoseinvolving the use of computationalmethods for processing the 3D models,and those involving the development ofinteractive tools that aim to engagemuseum visitors in exploring terracottafigurines (Papantoniou et al. 2012).

The digitisation process is divided into two main tasks, namely the 3Dscanning phase and the post-processingphase. The application of automatedvirtual restoration techniques capable ofpredicting the appearance of the missingparts of digitised fragments was amongthe main aims of the project. Within this framework, information from theundamaged parts of an object wasutilised in combination with other,relevant sources of information, in anattempt to re-create the appearance of the complete object and group various fragments together. This effort

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required close co-operation betweenarchaeologists and 3D modellers. Inaddition, the aforementioned computa-tional analysis tasks aimed to providetools for both archaeologists and otherspecialists.

As part of the project we also aimed toproduce interactive tools that will allowthe general public to explore, visualiseand obtain knowledge related to theterracotta fragments in question. Inparticular we have developed a virtualmuseum environment where visitors willhave the chance to visualise the items andobtain information on specific items, aswell as the overall theme of “TheTerracotta Figurines from the House ofOrpheus”. Edutainment is considered avery efficient way of disseminatinginformation and knowledge, especially tothe younger generation. Along theselines, apart from visualising the data in avirtual environment, visitors will have thechance to interact with the virtual objectsin a way that will stimulate the learning process. In order to accomplishthis aim we have developed various 3Dpuzzle applications and applicationsrelated to augmented reality-basedexperimentation.

Functions and MeaningsLet us now examine briefly what thefunction and meanings of these figurinesin a domestic context might be. Theanimal terracottas are particularlypertinent to the discussion of function. Inan Egyptian context these dog figurineshave been related by Tӧrӧk (1995, 172)and Barrett (2011, 187) to the cult andiconography of the dog-star Sothis. In theHellenistic and Roman periods, however,these dog figures are relatively frequentsubjects in Egyptianising terracottas fromthe broader Mediterranean, and the dogs

themselves are also attested as householdpets in many geographic regions (cf.Barrett 2011, 189). We suggest that in aCypriot context we should better detachany religious significance from theseanimal figurines (cf. Tӧrӧk 1995, 172-173;Barrett 2011, 189).

It is more than obvious that theterracottas from the House of Orpheushad more than one function: some weredecorative or prestige items, others wererelated to the cognitive systems of theirowners, and yet others were probablytoys or simply decorative objects. Some ofthe figurines of deities should probablybe studied within the sphere of domesticcult; however, it must be rememberedthat in some instances, a single objectmay have incorporated more than one ofthe functions mentioned above.

It is possible that some of the figurinesrepresenting deities may have related toa domestic cult. Domestic cult usuallyconceals a surprisingly wide range ofpractices; individuals usually usehousehold cult to express aspects of theirsocial identities or cultural affiliations. Bydomestic cult we do not necessary implythe presence of a domestic shrine. In theHouse of Orpheus, the intra-sitedistribution of the terracottas and theexisting archaeological evidence cannothelp us identify a specific room as adomestic shrine.

Much remains unknown not only aboutthe producers, but also about the owners of these figurines. Nonetheless,something can be said about theeconomic status of the latter. The numberof the terracottas found in the elitecontext of the House of Orpheus suggeststhat they were completely integrated intothe everyday life of the Cypriot upperclasses. While we need more studies on


the relative distribution of figurines inhouseholds, tombs and sanctuariesbefore we can associate them withspecific social classes, it is more thanobvious that the common perceptionthat, because of their inexpensive nature,these objects are primarily related to thepoor, is wrong in the case of Hellenisticand Roman Cyprus.

Conclusions and Future DirectionsIn order to understand the ways in whichpeople in Hellenistic and Roman Cyprusused terracotta figurines within an elite domestic context (at least), one also needs to determine which of these objects were locally produced, and which were imported. Our studies on the technology, provenance, and icono-graphy of the terracotta figurineassemblage form the House of Orpheus inNea Paphos have further illustrated thereception of various Mediterranean typeswithin a Cypriot context.

Our future study aims to examine thereinterpretation of the figurines and theinteraction of multiple cultural traditionsin a regional, imperial context. We hopethat further calibration of the stratigraphyin the future, and a GIS-based intra-siteanalysis of the finds will help us to furtherclarify the function and meanings of theseobjects. One thing that we must certainlylook into is why the largest concentrationof terracottas was found in the roomswest of the atrium, and a slightly smallerone in the rooms on the east.

In summing up we can reiterate thatterracottas, over and above their art-historical importance, should be seen asactive and symbolic elements in theirdepositional and social contexts. Eachregion under the influence of theHellenistic monarchies and, later, the

Roman Empire produced terracottas indistinctive local styles with similar rangesof subjects, but often including themesderiving from local traditions (Connelly1990, 97-98; Burn 2000; Papantoniou2012, 260-261). The contextualisation ofthe figurines within their individualdepositional intra-site context, as well astheir broader socio-cultural and socio-political Cypriot and Mediterraneancontexts, is a most valuable undertakingwhen attempting to understand their useand function in a Cypriot domesticcontext.

While this A.G. Leventis funded projectserved as an example for the examinationof objects coming from a stratifiedcontext, it also contributed to furtherilluminating long-standing issues relatedto the understanding of unstratifiedterracottas found through looting or the antiquarian approaches of earlyexplorations. Moving beyond theindividual analytical datasets at an intra-site level, the project has successfullyprovided a reference collection for futureinter-site research, setting the scene forthe further systematic study of Hellenisticand Roman terracottas from Cyprus andthe wider Mediterranean world.

BibliographyBarrett C.E., 2011, Egyptianizing Figurinesfrom Delos: A Study in Hellenistic Religion(Columbia Studies in the Classical Tradition36), Leiden: Brill.

Burn L., 2000. “Three TerracottaKourotrophoi”, in G.R. Tsetskhladze, A.J.N.Prag, and A.M. Snodgrass (eds), Periplous.Papers on Classical Art and ArchaeologyPresented to Sir John Boardman, 41-49.London: Thames and Hudson.

Connelly J.B., 1990a. “Hellenistic Terracottasof Cyprus and Kuwait”, in J.P. Uhlenbrock

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(ed.), The Coroplast’s Art. Greek Terracottasof the Hellenistic World, 37-46, New York:College Art Gallery, The College at NewPaltz, State University of New York/A.D.Caratzas Publisher.

Higgins R.A., 1967, Greek Terracottas,London: Methuen.

Michaelides D., 1983-1998, interim excava-tion reports in the Annual Reports of theDepartment of Antiquities Cyprus, and the"Chronique de Fouilles et Découvertesarchéologiques à Chypre …" in the Bulletinde Correspondence Hellénique.

Michaelides D., 1992, "The Tyche ofAlexandria in Cyprus?", in G.C. Ioannides(ed.), Studies in Honour of VassosKarageorghis, 323-327, Nicosia: Society ofCypriot Studies.

Muller A., 2010, “The Techniques of TanagraCoroplasts. From Local Craft to ‘GlobalIndustry’”, in V. Jeammet (ed.), Tanagras:Figurines for Life and Eternity. The Musée duLouvre's Collection of Greek Figurines, 142-159, Valencia: Fundación Bancaja.

Nicolaou K., 1967, “Excavations at KatoPaphos. The House of Dionysos. Outline ofthe campaigns 1964-1965, Report of theDepartment of Antiquities Cyprus 1967,100-125.

Papantoniou G., 2012, Religion and SocialTransformations in Cyprus. From the CypriotBasileis to the Hellenistic Strategos,(Mnemosyne Supplements 347), Leiden:Brill.

Papantoniou G., Loizides F., Lanitis A., and Michaelides D., 2012, “Digitization, Restoration and Visualization of TerracottaFigurines from the ‘House of Orpheus’, NeaPaphos”, in M. Ioannides et al. (eds), EuroMed 2012. (Lecture Notes on Compu-ter Sciences 7616), 543–550, Berlin - Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Serwint N., 2000. “Technical Aspects of the Coroplast’s Art: The Evidence fromAncient Marion”, in G.K. Ioannides, and S.A. Hadjestylle (eds), Πρακτικά του Τρίτου Διεθνούς Κυπρολογικού Συνεδρίου(Λευκωσία, 16-20 Απριλίου 1996), Vol. 1,649-666. Nicosia: Society of Cypriot Studies.

Török L,. 1995. Hellenistic and RomanTerracottas from Egypt (BibliothecaArchaeologica 15/ Monumenta antiquitatisextra fines Hungariae reperta 4), Rome:L’Erma.

Uhlenbrock J.P., 1990. “The Coroplast andhis Craft”, in J.P. Uhlenbrock (ed.), TheCoroplast’s Art. Greek Terracottas of theHellenistic World, 15-21, New York: CollegeArt Gallery, The College at New Paltz, StateUniversity of New York/A.D. CaratzasPublisher.

Queyrel A., 1988. Amathonte IV: Lesfigurines hellénistique de terre cuite (Étudeschypriotes 10), Athens: École françaised’Athènes.

Deliverables:

1. Archaeological recording and studyof the terracottas from the House ofOrpheus

2. An electronic database with all thecharacteristics of the terracottas

3. Physicochemical analysis of the terra-cottas and study of their provenanceand technology

4. Digitisation of the terracottas

5. An experimental tool for virtualrestoration and visualisation of fragmented figurines

6. A virtual museum and other interactivevirtual environments


7. Copies of 10 selected terracottafigurines and moulds in thermoplasticmaterial produced by 3D printing

8. Reproduction of specific terracottafigurines in clay by using thermoplasticmoulds

9. Reproduction of all artefacts involvedin the chaine operatoire for selectedterracottas

10. Documentation of the productionprocess

11. Replicas for the collection of theArchaeological Research Unit of theUniversity of Cyprus

12. Educational material to be used bystudents and museum visitors

13. Organisation of an internationalconference on the study of Hellenisticand Roman terracottas

Publications:• Papantoniou G., Loizides F., Lanitis A.

and Michaelides D. 2012, “Digitization,Restoration and Visualization ofTerracotta Figurines from the ‘House ofOrpheus’, Nea Paphos”, in M. Ioannideset al. (eds), EuroMed 2012. Lecture Noteson Computer Sciences 7616, 543–550.Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

• Michaelides D., Papantoniou G. 2012,“Moulding Expressions of Culture: TheTerracotta Figurines from the ‘House ofOrpheus’, Nea Paphos”, Newsletter of theCoroplastic Studies Interest Group 7, 10.

• Papantoniou G., Michaelides D.,Loizides F., and Lanitis A., 2013,“Digitization, Restoration andVisualization of Terracotta Figurinesfrom the ‘House of Orpheus’, NeaPaphos”, Newsletter of the CoroplasticStudies Interest Group 9, 7-8.

• Dikomitou-Eliadou M., Papantoniou G.,and Michaelides D., 2013, “TheEmployment of pXRF Analysis for theQualitative Study of Hellenistic andRoman Terracottas from the House ofOrpheus in Nea Paphos”, Newsletter ofthe Association for Coroplastic Studies10, 10-11.

• Papantoniou G., Michaelides D. andDikomitou-Eliadou M. (eds) (inpreparation), Hellenistic and RomanTerracottas: Mediterranean Networksand Cyprus. Leiden: Brill.

This is a peer-reviewed volume and, as wellas many articles by an international panelof experts, it will include the followingcontributions by the collabora-tors in theprogramme:

• Michaelides D. and Papantoniou G.,“Moulding Expressions of Culture: TheTerracotta Figurines from the House ofOrpheus in Nea Paphos”.

• Dikomitou-Eliadou M., Kilikoglou V.,Aloupi-Siotis E., Papantoniou, G.,Michaelides, D., “Qualitative vs quantitative data: The application ofportable X-ray Fluorescence and Neutron Activation Analysis for thestudy of Hellenistic and Roman Figurines from the House of Orpheus inNea Paphos”.

• Dikomitou-Eliadou M., Papantoniou G.,Aloupi-Siotis E., and Michaelides D., “A technological assessment ofterracotta figurines from the House ofOrpheus in Nea Paphos, Cyprus”.

• Loizides F., Lanitis A., Papantoniou G.and Michaelides D., “The Use ofInformation Technology Applicationsfor Supporting the Study andInterpretation of Terracotta Figurinesfrom the House of Orpheus in NeaPaphos”.

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Collaborators:1. Dr Giorgos Papantoniou, University of

Cyprus/ Trinity College Dublin

2. Dr Maria Dikomitou-Eliadou, Universityof Cyprus

3. Dr Andreas Lanitis, Cyprus University ofTechnology

4. Dr Eleni Aloupi-Siotis, THETIS AuthenticsLTD

5. Dr Vasilis Kilikoglou, National Centre forScientific Research “Demokritos”/Athens Technological EducationalInstitute

6. Dr Fernando Loizides, Cyprus Universityof Technology

7. Dr Christos Markou, National Centre forScientific Research “Demokritos”

8. Iphigenia Nalbani, THETIS AuthenticsLTD

9. Artemi Chaviara, THETIS Authentics LTD

10. Prof. Michael D. Glascock, University ofMissouri-Columbia


Figures1. Plan of the House of Orpheus

2. The Orpheus Mosaic Floor

3. Fragments of terracottas from theHouse of Orpheus in the PaphosDistrict Museum

4. Figurine of Aphrodite from the Houseof Orpheus

5. The Tyche of Alexandria figurine fromthe House of Orpheus

6. Digitisation of the terracotta figurinesfrom the House of Orpheus

7. A terracotta figurine in a VirtualMuseum

8. Augmented reality-basedexperimentation on using terracottafigurines

9. Statistical analysis of the terracottafigurines from the House of Orpheus

10. Reconstruction of a terracotta figurinefrom the House of Orpheus

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Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

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Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

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Professor Demetrios Michaelides studied at the Courtauld Institute, University of London (1969:B.A., History of European Art), at the Institute of Archaeology, University of London (1971: M.A.,Archaeology of the Roman Provinces; 1981: Ph.D., "The Pavements of Roman Benghazi, Libya"). Hehas taught at the Università per gli Stranieri of Perugia, Italy (Part-time Lecturer, 1975-77), and workedat the British School at Rome (Assistant Director, 1978; Cultural Adviser and Assistant Librarian, 1981-82). He has been a Fellow of the M. Aylwin Cotton Foundation, 1978-79, and Archaeological Officerat the Cyprus Department of Antiquities, 1982-92. He works at the University of Cyprus since 1992.He is on the Scientific Board of the Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, and that of theAssociation Internationale pour l' Etude de la Mosaϊque Antique. He is Vice-President of the HistoricalSociety of Cyprus, and President of the International Committee for the Conservation of Mosaics.

Research Interests: His research interests include: Hellenistic and Roman mosaics and frescoes;ancient medicine the ancient trade in marble, amphoras and worked seashells; the topography ofHellenistic and Roman Cyprus; and the topography of Nicosia

SelectedPublications: "A Roman Surgeon's Tomb from Nea Paphos", Part 1, Report of theDepartment of Antiquities of Cyprus 1984.

"Some aspects of Marble Imitation in Mosaic", in P. Pensabene (ed.), Marmi Antichi. Problemid'Impiego, di Restauro e d'Identificazione (Studi Miscellanei 26), Roma 1985.

"A new Orpheus mosaic in Cyprus", in Acts of the International Colloquium: "Cyprus between theOrient and the Occident", Nicosia, 8-14 September 1985. Nicosia 1986.

Cypriot Mosaics, Department of Antiquities, Nicosia 1987; 2nd revised edition 1992.

Guide to the Paphos Mosaics (with W. A. Daszewski), Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation incollaboration with the Department of Antiquities, Nicosia 1988; Greek, French and German editionsin 1989.

Mosaic Floors in Cyprus (Biblioteca di Felix Ravenna 3) (with W. A. Daszewski), Ravenna 1988.

"The Tombs, their Excavation and Architecture", Chapter I in V. Karageorghis, Tombs at Palaepaphos:1. Teratsoudhia. 2. Eliomylia. Nicosia 1990.

"The Roman Period", in Sir David Hunt (ed.), Footprints in Cyprus, an illustrated history (revised edition).London1990; repr. 1994.

"Οι Ροδιακοί Αμφορείς και ένα Ταφικό Έθιμο της Πάφου" (Rhodian amphorae and a funerary customof Paphos), in Πρακτικά της Β΄Επιστημονικής Συνάντησης για την Ελληνιστική Κεραμεική:Χρονολογικά Προβλήματα της Ελληνιστικής Κεραμεικής. Ρόδος,22-25 Μαρτίου 1989. Αθήνα 1990.

"Roman Wall Paintings from Berenice (Benghazi), Libya", in Akten d. 4. InternationalesKolloquium zurRömischen Wandmalerei, Köln, 20-23 September 1989 (Kölner Jahrbuchfür Vor- und Frühgeschichte24). Köln 1991.

D. Michaelides and D. Wilkinson (eds), Excavations at Otranto, vol. 1. Università di Lecce. Dipartimentodi Scienze dell'Antichità. Collana del Dipartimento 5. Lecce 1992.

"Opus sectile in Cyprus", in A.A.M. Bryer and G.S. Georghallides (eds), 'The Sweet Land of Cyprus'.Papers given at the Twenty-Fifth Jubilee Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March1991. Nicosia 1993.

"Cyprus and the Persian Gulf in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods: The Case of Pinctada margaritifera",in V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides (eds), Cyprus and theSea. International Symposium organized


Curricula Vitae

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by the Cyprus Ports Authority and the Archaeological Research Unit of the University of Cyprus, 25-26 September. Nicosia 1993.

"Το Magenta Ware στην Κύπρο" (Magenta ware in Cyprus), in Γ' Επιστημονική Συνάντηση για τηνΕλληνιστική Κεραμική: "Χρονολογημένα Σύνολα-Εργαστήρια". Θεσσαλονίκη, 24-27 Σεπτεμβρίου 1991(Βιβλιοθήκη της εν Αθήναις Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας, Αριθ. 137). Αθήναι 1994.

V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides (eds), Cyprus and the Sea. Proceedings of the InternationalSymposium organized by the Cyprus Ports Authority and the Archaeological Research Unit of theUniversity of Cyprus, Nicosia, 25-26 September. Nicosia 1995.

"The Economy of Cyprus during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods", in V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides (eds), The Development of the Cypriot Economy from the Prehistoric Period to thePresent Day. International Conference organized by the Bank of Cyprus, the Archaeological ResearchUnit and the Department of Economics of the University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 28-29 April. Nicosia 1996.

V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides (eds), The Development of the Cypriot Economy from thePrehistoric Period to the Present Day. International Conference organized by the Bank of Cyprus, theArchaeological Research Unit and the Department of Economics of the University of Cyprus, Nicosia,28-29 April. Nicosia 1996.

"Food in Ancient Cyprus", in P. Lysaght (ed.), Food and the Traveller: Migration, Tourism and EthnicFood. Proceedings of the 11th Conference of the International Commission for Ethnological FoodResearch. Cyprus, Nicosia, June 8-14, 1996. Nicosia 1998.

The Pavements of Berenice (Vol. IV of Excavations at Sidi Khrebish (Berenice) = Supplements to LibyaAntiqua V), London 1998. M. Iacovou and D. Michaelides (eds), Cyprus. The Historicity of the GeometricHorizon. Workshop organized by the Archaeological Research Unit, Department of History andArchaeology, University of Cyprus. Archaeological Research Unit, Nicosia, 11 October 1998. Nicosia1999.

"Some characteristic traits of a mosaic workshop in Early Christian Cyprus", in D. Paunier and C.Schmidt (eds), Actes du VIIIéme Colloque International sur la Mosaϊque Antique et Médiévale,Lausanne, 6-11 October (Cahiers d'Archéologie Romande No. 86). Lausanne 2001.

"Archeologia Paleocristiana a Cipro", in XLIV Corso di Cultura sull'Arte Ravennate e Bizantina: "Le grandiisole del Mediterraneo orientale tra tarda antichità e medioevo",Ravenna 1998. Ravenna 2001.

"The Excavation of a Late Roman 1 Amphora kiln in Paphos"(with S. Demesticha), in E. Villeneuve andP.M. Watson (eds), La Céramique Byzantine et Proto-Islamique en Syrie-Jordanie (IVe-VIIIe siècles apr.J.-C.). Actes du colloque tenu à Amman les 3, 4 et 5 décembre 1994 (= IFAPO: BibliothèqueArchéologique et Historique T. 159). Beyrouth 2001.

"The ambo of Basilica A at Cape Drepanon", in J. Herrin, M. Mullett and C. Otten-Froux (eds), Mosaic.Festschrift for A.H.S. Megaw; British School at Athens. Studies 8, 2001.

"'Αραβικοί' αμφορείς στην Κύπρο" ("Arab" amphoras of Cyprus) (with Ch. Bakirtzis), in Ch. Bakirtzis(ed.), VIIe Congrès International sur la Céramique Médiévale en Méditerranée. Thessaloniki, 11-16October 1999. Edition de la Caisse des Recettes Archéologiques. Athens 2003.

D. Michaelides (ed.), Mosaics make a Site. The Conservation in situ of Mosaics on Archaeological Sites.Proceedings of the VIth International Conference of the International Committee for the Conservationof Mosaics (ICCM), Nicosia 1996. The ICCM, the Getty Conservation Institute and ICCROM, 2003.


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"Cypriot painted tombs and their ceilings", in L. Borhy (ed.), Plafonds et voûtes à l'époque antique'.Actes du VIIIe Colloque International de l'Association Internationale pour la Peinture Murale Antique,Budapest - Veszprém, 15-19 Mai 2001. Budapest 2004.

"'Ayioi Pente' at Yeroskipou. A new Early Christian site in Cyprus", Musiva et Sectilia 1, 2005.

«Ιατροί και Ιατρική στην Αρχαία Κύπρο». Κεφάλαιο στον τόμο Η Ιατρική στην Κύπρο, από τηνΑρχαιότητα μέχρι την Ανεξαρτησία. Πολιτιστικό Κέντρο Ομίλου Λαϊκής. Λευκωσία 2006, 12-68./"Doctors and Medicine in Ancient Cyprus". Chapter in Medicine in Ancient Cyprus (in Greek). CulturalCentre of the Popular (Bank) Group, 2006.

"Lessons not Learnt: The Shelters of Kourion" (with Niki Savvides), in A. Ben Abed, M. Demas and Th.Roby (eds), "Lessons Learned: Reflecting on the Theory and Practice of

Mosaic Conservation". Proceedings of the 9th Conference of the International Committee for theConservation of Mosaics. Hammamet, Tunisia, November29–December 3, 2005. The GettyConservation Institute, Los Angeles 2008.

Dr. Giorgos Papantoniou did his B.A. in History and Archaeology at the University of Cyprus (2003)and his Ph.D. in Classics at Trinity College Dublin (2008), where he also held an Irish Research Council(IRC), Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship (2009-10). He has temporarily worked as anarchaeologist in the Department of Antiquities, Republic of Cyprus, and as a researcher and visitinglecturer in the Department of History and Archaeology, University of Cyprus. He is currently holdingan Irish Research Council (IRC)/Marie Curie Postdoctoral Fellowship to work on the project entitled“Unlocking Sacred Landscapes: A Holistic Approach to Cypriot Sanctuaries and Religion”. His mainagenda for research is based on interdisciplinary approaches. Bringing together archaeological,textual, epigraphic, art-historical, and anthropological evidence, he works on ancient Cypriot ritualspace, sanctuaries and religion from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman period. His broader area ofinterest includes the interaction of Cyprus with other Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures,particularly mainland Greece, the Syro-Palestinian coast and Egypt. He is specifically interested inGreek sanctuaries and religion, Greek and Roman mystery cults, Greek sculpture and terracottafigurines, Hellenistic royal image on coins and statues, Alexander the Great, Hellenistic ruler cult,Ptolemaic Alexandria, classical mythology, ancient imperialism, landscape archaeology andapproaches to ancient art and iconography.

Selected publications

Monographs• Papantoniou, G. 2012. Religion and Social Transformations in Cyprus. From the Cypriot Basileis to the

Hellenistic Strategos. Mnemosyne Supplements 347. Leiden: Brill.

Edited Books

• Papantoniou, G. ed. 2008. POCA 2005. Postgraduate Cypriot Archaeology. Proceedings of the FifthAnnual Meeting of Young Researchers on Cypriot Archaeology, Department of Classics, Trinity College,Dublin, 21-22 October 2005. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 1803. Oxford:Archaeopress.


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Journals• Papantoniou, G. 2013. “Cypriot Autonomous Polities at the Crossroads of Empire: The Imprint of a

Transformed Islandscape in the Classical and Hellenistic periods”. Bulletin of the American Schoolof Oriental Studies 307: 169-205.

• Papantoniou, G. 2013. “Cyprus from Basileis to Strategos: A Landscape Approach”. American Journalof Archaeology 117.1: 33-57.

• Papantoniou, G. 2012. “From Segmentation to Unification: Sacred Landscapes and Sculpture in theConstruction of Hellenistic Island Identities”. Keryx 2: 91-105.

• Papantoniou, G. 2009. “’Revisiting’ Soloi-Cholades: Ptolemaic Power, Religion and Ideology”. Cahierdu Centre d’Études Chypriotes 39: 271-87.

Chapters in Edited Books• Papantoniou, G. forthcoming. “Ritual, Cult and Iconography in Context: The Transplantation of Late

Cypriot ‘Archetypes’ into the Iron Age”. In Materiality and Visibility of Rituals in the Ancient World,edited by I. Mylonopoulos. Berlin: DeGruyter.

• Papantoniou, G. 2013. “The ‘Cypriot Goddess’ at the Transition from the Bronze to the Iron Age: A‘Cypro-Centric’ Approach”. In J.R.B. Stewart: An Archaeological Legacy. Studies in MediterraneanArchaeology, Pocket Books 139, edited by A.B. Knapp, J.M. Webb, and A. McCarthey, 161-73.Uppsala: Åströms Förlag.

• Papantoniou, G., and C.E. Morris. 2013. “Island Cultures at the Opposite Ends of Europe: CypriotStudies in Ireland”. In Ireland-Cyprus: Parallel Journeys. Common Aspirations, edited by G. Georgis,and G. Kazamias, 282-311. Nicosia: Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

• Papantoniou, G. 2012. “Cypriot Sanctuaries and Religion in the Early Iron Age: Views from Beforeand After”. In Cyprus and the Aegean in the Early Iron Age – The Legacy of Nicolas Coldstream, editedby M. Iacovou, 285-319. Nicosia: Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation.

• Papantoniou, G. 2011. “‘Hellenising’ the ‘Cypriot Goddess’: ‘Reading’ the Amathousian TerracottaFigurines”. In From Pella to Gandhara. Hybridisation and Identity in the Art and Architecture of theHellenistic East. British Archaeological Reports, International 2221, edited by A. Kouremenos, S.Chandrasekaran, and R. Rossi, 35-48. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Dr. Maria Dikomitou-Eliadou has received her B.A. in History and Archaeology from the Universityof Cyprus (2003). She was awarded an MA in Mediterranean Archaeology by the University of Bristol(2004) and an MA in Artefact Studies by University College London (2005). Dikomitou-Eliadou receivedher doctoral title at University College London (2012). During her postgraduate studies she hasworked as a teaching assistant at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London, and thenas a research fellow at the Archaeological Research Unit of the University of Cyprus, where she stillworks as a postdoctoral researcher. She is currently managing a multi-partner, large-scaleinterdisciplinary research project on the study of ancient materials from the Mediterranean, fundedby the European Commission, and coordinated by the University of Cyprus. Her research interestsmainly focus on pottery analysis and ceramic technology in ancient Cyprus. She is actively involvedeither as the principal researcher or a research collaborator in many projects in Cyprus, funded bylocal, Mediterranean or European institutions.


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PublicationsDikomitou-Eliadou, M., Kiriantzi, E. and Vionis, A. K. 2013. Appendix IV. Petrographic analysis of LateCypriot cooking pots and Late Minoan pottery from Pyla-Kokkinokremos. In Karageorghis, V andKanta, A., Pyla-Kokkinokremos. A late 13th century BC fortified settlement in Cyprus. Excavations 2010-2011. Uppsala: Åströms Förlag Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology CXLI, 189-196.

Dikomitou-Eliadou, M. 2013. Interactive communities at the dawn of the Cypriot Bronze Age: aninterdisciplinary approach to Philia phase ceramic variability. In: A.B. Knapp, J.M. Webb and McCarthyA. (eds), J.R.B. Stewart: An Archaeological Legacy. Uppsala: Åströms Förlag Studies in MediterraneanArchaeology CXXXIX, 23-31.

Charalambous, A., Dikomitou-Eliadou, M. and Kassianidou, V., 2013. Appendix: A preliminarychemical study of Grey and Black Polished II (IV) pottery with the employment of pXRF. In: Georgiou,G. and Karageorghis, V. (eds) A Cypro-Archaic tomb at Xylotymbou and three Cypro-Classical tombs atPhlasou: From Exuberance to Recession. Uppsala: Åströms Förlag Studies in Mediterranean ArchaeologyCXL, 59-63.

Dikomitou, M. and Martinòn-Torres, M., 2012. Fabricating an island-wide tradition. Red Polishedpottery from Early and Middle Bronze Age Cyprus. In: Zacharias, N., Georgakopoulou, M., Polikreti, K.,Facorellis, Y. and Vakoulis, T. (eds) Proceedings of the 5th HSA Symposium (October 2008, Athens).Athens: Papazese Publications, 423-442.

Dikomitou, M., 2010. A closer look at Red Polished Philia fabrics. Inquiring into ceramic uniformity inCyprus, ca. 2500-2300 BC. The Old Potter’s Almanack 15 (2), 1-6

Dikomitou, M., 2007. Analysis of clays and fabrics. In: Frankel, D., and Webb, J., The Bronze Agecemeteries at Deneia in Cyprus. Sävedalen: Paul Åströms Förlag. Studies in Mediterranean ArchaeologyCXXXV, 107-122.

Sarris, A., G. Stamatis, N. Papadopoulos, E. Kokkinou, S. Topouzi, E. Kokkinaki, E. Moissi, Iacovou, M.,Kassianidou, V., Papasavvas, G., Papantoniou, G. and Dikomitou, M., 2006. “Palaepaphos, Cyprus: TheContribution of Geographical Information Systems and Geophysical Prospection in the Study of theArchaeological Topography and Settlement Patterns.” In The World is in your Eyes. CAA 2005.


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