Methodical Guide

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Methodical Guide

Index of Producer Prices of Industrial Products

(Domestic Market)

Publication interval: irregular English version published in August 2019 Specialist information on this publication can be obtained directly from the Federal Statistical Office: Group D302, Tel.: +49 (0) 611 / 75 24 44; Fax: +49 (0) 611 / 72 40 00 or e-mail: [email protected]

Methodical Guide on the Index of Producer Prices of Industrial Products (Domestic Market)

Table of contents Page 1 of 4 as per: August 2019

Table of contents

List of abbreviations List of figures List of tables 1. Introduction

A. Preliminary remarks

B. Legal basis

C. Definitions

D. Brief description of the development of producer price statistics

E. Structure of the methodical guide

2. Background, purpose and use

A. The system of price statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany

B. What do indices tell us?

C. What are they used for?

3. Scope and classifications

A. Universal set

B. Prices

C. Geographic coverage

D. Statistical observation units

E. Classification systems E.1 General E.2 Classification of economic activities E.3 Classifications of goods E.4 Particularities

4. Weighting

A. Introduction

B. Data sources B.1 Sales statistics

B 1.1.1 Sections B and C of WZ B 1.1.2 Sections D and E of WZ

B.2 Production statistics B.3 Other sources

C. Calculation method C.1 Approximate weights up to WZ-4 C.2 Sub-division to GP-9 level C.3 Particularities

D. Updating and comparability D.1 Updating D.2 Comparability



5. Samples

A. Introduction

B. Data sources

C. Selection of the basket of goods C.1 Selection of the 9-digit GP codes C.2 Consequences for the weighting scheme

D. Selection of the undertakings

E. Selection of the price representatives

F. Dealing with changes

6. Data collection

A. Introduction

B. Periodicity and time B.1 Frequency B.2 Time of the data collection

C. Product specifications C.1 General C.2 Goods description C.3 Sales conditions C.4 Particularities

D. Organisation of the data collection D.1 Design D.2 Procedure

D.2.1 Initial collection in a reporting unit D.2.2 Ongoing price collection

D.3 Alternative methods

E. Data verification E.1 Have all reports been filed and are they complete? E.2 Plausibility

E.2.1 Individual datasets E.2.2 Datasets in context

E.3 Procedure with implausibilities

F. Particularities F.1 Missing data

F.1.1 Temporarily-missing data F.1.2 Permanently-missing data

F.2 Treatment of seasonal products

7. Quality changes

A. Introduction

B. Adjustment methods with quality changes B.1 Overview B.2 Direct price comparison B.3 Chaining B.4 Change in quantity B.5 Overlap pricing B.6 Matched model B.7 Option prices B.8 Expert assessment B.9 Hedonics



C. When does which method make sense?

8. Product replacement and inclusion of new goods

A. Introduction

B. Evolutionary and revolutionary products B.1 Evolutionary products

B.1.1 Definition B.1.2 Possibilities for inclusion

B.2 Revolutionary products B.2.1 Definition B.2.2 Possibilities for inclusion

C. Adjustments of the product sample C.1 General C.2 Basket item does not exist C.3 Basket item exists

9. Index calculation

A. Introduction

B. Elementary indices B.1 Overview B.2 Calculation method in Germany B.3 Particularities

C. Calculation of higher aggregated indices C.1 Overview C.2 Calculation method in Germany C.3 Particularities

D. Rebasings D.1 General D.2 Method followed in Germany D.3 Formation of long series D.4 Problems

10. Special problems of individual products

A. Overview

B. Mineral oil products

C. Machinery

D. Data processing appliances and electronic components

E. Ships and aircraft

F. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment

G. Electricity

H. Natural gas

11. Sources of error

A. Introduction

B. Weighting scheme

C. Samples

C.1 Basket of goods

C.2 Reporting units

C.3 Price representatives



D. Data survey

E. Quality changes

F. Product replacement and new goods

G. Index calculation

G.1 Elementary index

G.2 Aggregation

12. Organisation and quality assurance

A. Introduction

B. Rebasing

C. Index calculation

13. Dissemination

A. Introduction

B. Publication of current results B.1 Press releases B.2 Fachserie 17, Reihe 2 B.3 Long time series B.4 Genesis-Online

C. Publication in cross-sectional publications C.1 Energy C.2 Statistical yearbook ("Statistisches Jahrbuch") and "Wirtschaft und Statistik" C.3 Eurostat

D. Publication of meta information D.1 Classifications and brief description D.2 Quality report

E. Contact with users E.1 Information service E.2 Consideration of the wishes of major users

Glossary Index List of Annexes


List of abbreviations Page 1 of 1 as per: August 2019

List of abbreviations n.e.c. not named elsewhere

BGW Bundesverband der Deutschen Gas- und Wasserwirtschaft e. V. (German National Gas and Water Industry Association)

BStatG Act on Statistics for Federal Purposes (Federal Statistics Act –Bundesstatistikgesetz)

CPA Classification of Products by Activity

CPC Central Product Classification

EEX European Energy Exchange, headquartered in Leipzig

EU European Union

Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities

ECB European Central Bank

GP Product Classification for Production Statistics (Güterverzeichnis für Produktionsstatistiken)

IDEV Internet Datenerhebung im Verbund (Combined Internet Data Collection)

ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities

IMF International Monetary Fund

MWh Megawatt hour

NACE Nomenclature statistique des Activités économiques dans la Communauté Européenne

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development,

PreisStatG Act on Price Statistics (Gesetz über die Preisstatistik – Preisstatistikgesetz)

PRODCOM List of Products of the European Community

UN United Nations

VDEW Verband der Elektrizitätswirtschaft e.V. (Electricity Industry Association)

VDMA Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V. (German Machinery and Equipment Production Association)

WZ Classification of Economic Activities (Klassifikation der Wirtschaftszweige)


List of figures Page 1 of 2 as per: August 2019

List of figures Chapter 2 - Background, purpose and use

Figure 2.1 Overview of the German system of price statistics

Chapter 3 - Scope and classifications

Figure 3.1 Hierarchical organisational structure of an undertaking Figure 3.2 Overview of the classifications of economic activities Figure 3.3 Overview of the classifications of goods Figure 3.4 Example of classification according to the Product Classification for production

statistics (GP 2009, version 2012)

Chapter 4 - Weighting

Figure 4.1 Base years since 1950

Chapter 5 - Samples

Figure 5.1 Universal set of producer price statistics Figure 5.2 Selection steps in taking the sample Figure 5.3 Example of a completed price survey sheet

Chapter 6 - Data collection

Figure 6.1 Start template of the online questionnaire Figure 6.2 Template for the price report in the online collection Figure 6.3 Treatment of seasonal products

Chapter 8 - Product replacement and inclusion of new goods

Figure 8.1 Overview of the possibilities in the event of product replacement and inclusion of new goods

Figure 8.2 Method with new products – Basket item does not exist Figure 8.3 Method with new products – Basket item exists

Chapter 9 - Index calculation

Figure 9.1 Index calculation method Figure 9.2 Rebasing flow chart Figure 9.3 Schedule of rebasing

Chapter 10 - Special problems of individual products

Figure 10.1 Sales levels with electricity in Germany Figure 10.2 Sales levels with natural gas in Germany Figure 10.3 Price development of natural gas (distribution) and light fuel oil


List of figures Page 2 of 2 as per: August 2019

Chapter 12 - Organisation and quality assurance

Figure 12.1 Approximate rebasing process Figure 12.2 Overview of the working steps in rebasing Figure 12.3 Approximate index calculation process


List of tables Page 1 of 2 as per: August 2019

List of tables Chapter 3 - Scope and classifications

Table 3.1: Various types of statistical units Table 3.2: Structure of the classification of economic activities (WZ 2008) Table 3.3: Overview of the GP codes of the producer price index of industrial products

(domestic sales) Table 3.4: Examples from the juxtaposition of the classification of economic activities vs.

the classification of goods

Chapter 4 - Weighting

Table 4.1: Overview of secondary sources in the calculation of the weighting scheme Table 4.2: Example of distribution of weights by economic activities Table 4.3: Calculation of the consumption tax and of the corrected production value (in

each case in Euro 1,000) for cigarettes (in 2015) Table 4.4: Distribution of the fine weights of the 4-digit WZ codes among the goods types Table 4.5: Weights in the economic activities D (Energy supply) and E (Water supply) Table 4.6: Share of main and auxiliary production of 2 digits WZ Table 4.7: Weighting scheme, base year 2015 = 100

Chapter 5 - Samples

Table 5.1: Example of a product sample Table 5.2: Proportional assignment of the weights to the basket items of the 4-digit code

(example) Table 5.3: Excerpt from the weighting scheme 2015

Chapter 6 - Data collection

Table 6.1: Sales conditions in the product specification Table 6.2: Identifiers for reasons for price changes Table 6.3: Excerpt from the plausibility rules for datasets in context

Chapter 7 - Quality changes

Table 7.1: Price series with quality change Table 7.2: Direct price comparison Table 7.3: Chaining Table 7.4: Change in quantity Table 7.5: Overlap pricing Table 7.6: Matched model Table 7.7: Option prices Table 7.8: Expert assessment Table 7.9: Hedonics Table 7.10: Comparison of the quality correction methods


List of tables Page 2 of 2 as per: August 2019

Chapter 9 - Index calculation

Table 9.2: Comparison of the change rates July 2018 vs. January 2015 on base 2015 and on base 2010

Chapter 10 - Special problems of individual products

Table 10.1 Basket items for mineral oil products (GP 192) Table 10.2 Overview of the price indices calculated by hedonic methods Table 10.3 Goods classes of the basket of goods from goods division 30 - Other vehicles,

base 2015 = 100 Table 10.4 Items of the basket of goods of section 33 – repair and installation services of

machinery and equipment, base 2015 = 100 Table 10.5 Basket items for electricity, base 2015 = 100 Table 10.6 Basket items for natural gas (distribution), base 2015 = 100

Chapter 11 - Sources of error

Table 11.1 Weighting scheme 2010 and 2015, sub-division of the change into price-related and real shares

Chapter 12 - Organisation and quality assurance

Table 12.1: Working steps of rebasing


Chapter 1 – Introduction Page 1 of 5 as per: August 2019

1. Introduction A. Preliminary remarks 1 B. Legal basis 1 C. Definitions 2 D. Brief description of the development of producer price statistics 3 E. Structure of the methodical guide 4 A. Preliminary remarks

1.1 The methodological guide aims to describe all essential aspects of the calculation of the index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) in Germany. This addresses users of the statistics both from the political arena and from the business community, as well as associations and the public as a whole, and enterprises which report the prices, without whose cooperation the job of calculating a producer price index cannot be done.

1.2 This text is to make it possible for all who are interested to understand the structure and the background of the producer price index and to make sensible use of the results. It is to be possible to assess the significance and relevance of the index in order to make possible all types of interpretation and further use for users.

1.3 The guide is structured in such a way that individual chapters can also be studied in greater depth independently of one another. Developments and improvements which have been made to the methods used in ascertaining the index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) necessitate constant updates of individual sections and chapters. The guide is regarded as a dynamic piece of literature, changes in the environment and in the framework conditions requiring a high degree of flexibility. Some of the passages are consequently being constantly adjusted in line with current circumstances.

B. Legal basis

1.4 Price statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany are based on various national statutes and international regulations which are described below starting with the general legal basis for drafting federal statistics. Specific focus is then placed on the basis for price statistics up to the international regulations at EU level.

1.5 The Federal Statistics Act (Bundesstatistikgesetz – BStatG) of 22 January 1987 (Federal Law Gazette [BGBl.] Part I pp. 462 and 565), most recently amended by Article 20 of the act of 30 October 2017 (Federal Law Gazette Part I p. 3618) (see annex 1), regulates the basics of official statistics, as well as the tasks of the Statistical Offices. This includes general preconditions for the implementation of statistics, as well as rules for carrying out the surveys, and uniform definitions of terms within the statistics. It is fundamentally determined which preconditions must be met to implement the surveys and how these are to take place. In this regard, section 5 of the Federal Statistics Act explicitly states that federal statistics only may be implemented if they are ordered in a statute or a legal provision. A request by a supreme federal authority in accordance with section 7 of the Federal Statistics Act is sufficient for special purposes. It is also established what information is to be provided to respondents. In accordance with section 17 of the Federal Statistics Act, all respondents are to be informed of the framework conditions and the basis, as well as of collection characteristics and auxiliary characteristics. Section 11a determines that enterprises have to



transmit data to the Federal Statistical Office by using online procedures as far as online procedures are provided by official statistics. Section 16 of the Federal Statistics Act deals with the precise requirements as to the confidentiality of the individual pieces of information. It is defined here in which cases individual pieces of information on personal and factual circumstances are to be kept confidential.

1.6 Fundamental requirements for price statistics at federal level are provided by the Act on Price Statistics (Gesetz über die Preisstatistik – PreisStatG) of 9 August 1958 (Federal Law Gazette Part III item No. 720-9), most recently amended by Article 71 of the Act of 8 July 2016 (Federal Law Gazette Part I p. 1594) (see annex 2). Section 3 of this Act provides with regard to the index of producer prices of industrial goods (domestic sales) that industrial enterprises are obliged to provide information. The Act also prescribes a maximum number of enterprises that are under such an obligation. Prices for agriculture and forestry, as well as industrial goods at the stage of production or extraction, treatment and processing, wholesale trade, retail trade and foreign trade may be collected from a maximum of 34,000 enterprises, which are obliged to provide information. Section 8 of the Act on Price Statistics stipulates that a monthly survey of the prices is carried out.

1.7 At international level, Council Regulation (EC) No 1165/98 of 19 May 1998 concerning short-term statistics (OJ EC L 162 p. 1), most recently amended by Regulation (EC) No 461/2012 of the European Commission of 31 May 2012 (OJ EU L 142 p. 26)1 stipulates amongst other things requirements as to producer price statistics for the purpose of creating a standard framework for drawing up Community statistics on economic trends (see annex 3). The EU’s short-term statistics regulation, as well as the accompanying supplementary regulations, first and foremost prescribes definitions and delimitations on systems to be used, the level of detail of the results to be delivered to Eurostat, the deadlines and the form of the data transmission as well as the time limit to realise index revisions.

1.8 The current versions of the legal basis can be found in the annex.

C. Definitions

1.9 The index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) measures the price changes of industrial products produced and sold at home by domestic enterprises of mining and quarrying, of manufacturing and energy and water supply. The terms producer price index or index of producer prices are treated as synonyms in this guide.

1.10 An index expresses the change as against a base period, this being assigned the standard value of 100. All index manifestations hence illustrate for the portrayed element the percentage change as against the base period. They are compiled to form a total index in the German producer price statistics according to the method of Laspeyre. This means that the prices for the observed goods are weighted with volume weights of a fixed base year.

1.11 The producer price index looks at the price development for various sales events of specific goods types. To this end, classifications are used to classify goods and economic activities using which it is possible to clearly allocate and delimitate the spectrum of domestic production.

1.12 Prices are collected for the selected sales events which are set in relation to a base price. The price is defined as the market value of a unit of a good which the producer earns in domestic sales. The unit of a good is determined here not only by its physical characteristics, but

1 Below: EU short-term statistics regulation.



also by the conditions at which it is sold. All charges and taxes on goods are included, apart from value-added tax. Here, goods are to be observed with qualities which are uniform over time so that the price differences that are reported are exclusively caused by changed prices and not by different qualities in the various periods.

D. Brief description of the development of producer price statistics

1.13 With the assistance of the producer price index, the average change in the price level of industrial products is portrayed in reference to a fixed base period.

1.14 The universal set of the producer price statistics theoretically consists of all sales events in Germany of industrial products sold by domestic enterprises of the economic activities mining and quarrying, manufacturing, as well as energy and water supply. When selecting the samples, representative products can be compiled to form a basket of goods in the first stage on the basis of evaluations of the quarterly production survey carried out in the production industries at the greatest level of detail (9-digit items of the Product Classification for Production Statistics (GP)). The individual items in the basket are identified by the 9-digit GP code.

1.15 In the second stage, also on the basis of the results of the quarterly production statistics, the enterprises are selected which are to be used for the monthly price report. One selection criterion is the value of the sales production for the respective item in the basket. The selected enterprises (reporting firms) are asked to report prices on a recurrent basis by sending the requisite survey documents.

1.16 In the third stage, the reporting firms determine representative sales events of the corresponding basket items for which prices are reported using established criteria. Here they must provide a precise description both of the goods and of the selected sales conditions. Goods descriptions and sales conditions together form the price-determining characteristics. The price representatives thus selected are coded with the aid of a unique processing number. This 11-digit processing number is composed of the 9-digit GP code and of a recurrent 2-digit item code. The processing number is the central classification characteristic during the survey and processing of producer price statistics.

1.17 Because of a certain degree of fluctuation in the samples, firms and price representatives which have permanently ceased to report are to be replaced. The procedures that have been described are used analogously here.

1.18 The weighting scheme is calculated in a top-down procedure parallel to the compilation of the basket. Here, each item in the basket is allocated a weight (weight share) with which the corresponding product group enters the index calculations. The weights represent the share that the corresponding basket item had among total domestic sales of the industries mining, manufacturing and energy (sections B, C, D and E of the Classification of Economic Activities) in the base year. An adjustment of the weights takes place at regular intervals, the current base year being 2015.

1.19 The monthly price survey among the reporting firms is carried out with the aid of a specially-prepared online questionnaire via the Internet. The survey reference date is the 15th of the month. A monthly check of completeness and a data plausibility check take place in the Federal Statistical Office.

1.20 Measurements are formed in a first step for each individual price representative in order to calculate the indices. These express the price change of the product in the observation period



with regard to the base period. The summary of the measurements takes place in a two-stage procedure. Firstly, an elementary index is formed from the price series of a basket item by forming averages. To this end, the unweighted arithmetic mean of the individual measurements of the elementary aggregate (Carli index) is ascertained.

1.21 In the next step, to further calculate the index of the producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales), the elementary indices are summarised to form total indices. The Laspeyre method is used for this, in which the elementary indices of the individual basket items are summarised with fixed weights of the base period to form aggregated indices. By using the Laspeyres index, the pure price change from one period to the next is portrayed with constant volumes in all periods. Since the volume structures change over time because of new market situations, the weights and the samples have to be adjusted at regular intervals. For this reason, rebasings are carried out every five years; the basket and the weights are then adjusted to the current market conditions.

1.22 The Federal Statistical Office publishes the results of the producer price statistics in various media (printed (only up to the end of 2019) and electronic). In addition to a press release, standardised result tables are provided via the internet homepage of the Federal Statistical Office. Internet-based databases (Genesis-Online) may also be used. Over and above this, the Federal Statistical Office provides a standardised quality report on producer price statistics on the Internet which describes the most important methodical aspects of the statistics.

E. Structure of the methodical guide

1.23 The goal pursued by this methodical guide is to demonstrate all methodical aspects which are important to ascertain the index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales). Both the establishment of all calculation bases in rebasing, and also the working steps to be implemented on a monthly basis, are explained here. With the aid of this description, the background of the index calculation, as well as the upstream work, is presented in a comprehensible form, and hence the necessary information is delivered to all interested users of the statistics in order to simplify the use and interpretation of the results.

1.24 The structure of the methodical guide is in line with the “Producer Price Index Manual: Theory and Practice”2, published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the focus in this guide being on the practical aspects. Its first chapters provide fundamental information on the background and use of the index, as well as delimitations regarding the area of application, the definitions and the classifications used. This is followed by a discussion of the essential basis for calculation – the weighting scheme and samples. Chapter 6 – Data collection – kicks off the description of the work to be implemented on a monthly basis in connection with ascertaining the index. The following chapters describe the approach followed in changes in the product quality and inclusion of new goods, whilst Chapter 9 deals with the index calculation. The particularities of individual products are a component of Chapter 10; Chapter 11 does on to discuss potential sources of error and ways to deal with these. Organisational preconditions and procedures in the Federal Statistical Office and measures for quality assurance are discussed in Chapter 12. The conclusion of the guide is formed by Chapter 13 – Dissemination, which discusses the various possibilities to gain access to the data.

2 “Producer Price Index Manual: Theory and Practice”, published by the International Monetary Fund, ISBN 1-58906-304-X.



1.25 The text is followed by a glossary which provides brief definitions of the most important terms used and an index, as well as the Annex, which lists all important documents and background information.


Chapter 2 – Background, purpose and use

Page 1 of 5 as per: August 2019

2. Background, purpose and use

A. The system of price statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany 1 B. What do indices tell us? 3 C. What are they used for? 4

A. The system of price statistics in the Federal Republic of Germany

2.1 The index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) is an element of a complex system of price statistics which are calculated at regular intervals – mostly on a monthly basis – by the Federal Statistical Office and the Land Statistical Offices. These statistics make it possible to show price differences over time, for some price indices also by a regional comparison. Measuring price developments over time is the most important task of price statistics. Temporary price developments on different economic levels are shown in this context. When it comes to the regional price comparison, the price level in various towns, Federal Länder or states is compared in order to calculate differences in level which for instance are needed to adjust the remuneration abroad of civil servants and soldiers.

2.2 The statutory basis for the collection of statistical data on prices is formed by the Act on Price Statistics (Gesetz über die Preisstatistik – PreisStatG) of 9 August 1958 (Federal Law Gazette [BGBl.] Part III item No. 720-9), most recently amended by Article 71 of the Act of 8 July 2016 (Federal Law Gazette Part I p. 1594), see annex 2. This regulates amongst other things which price statistics are to be implemented at federal level.

2.3 Figure 2.1 provides a brief overview of the various indices which are calculated in Germany for the purposes of a price comparison over time.

2.4 The system of price statistics takes account here of the complete value chain of the production of goods, regardless of whether these are physical goods or services. The German system of price statistics portrays the price development on all major economic levels, from production through trade to consumption.

2.5 At the level of production, in addition to producer price indices of industrial products also price indices in agriculture and forestry, as well as producer price indices for services and construction price indices, are calculated. At the level of distribution, the system of price statistics contains indices of wholesale prices and retail prices, whilst the level of private consumption is portrayed by consumer price indices. Price tendencies in relations with foreign markets are portrayed by the import and export price indices. By these means, all areas of the economy are covered by price indices in the system of price statistics.

2.6 The delimitation between the individual sets of statistics emerges from the different levels of the economy in which the prices are surveyed and from the definition of the prices surveyed.




Figure 2.1 Overview of the German system of price statistics

The German system of price statistics

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2.7 Producer price indices are surveyed at the level of production, whilst indices are ascertained for various product groups; the delimitation takes place in line with the economic activity and goods classifications used1.

2.8 The producer price is defined here as the amount received by the producer from the purchaser. This is the current transaction price achieved on conclusion of contract. Value-added tax is not an element of the producer price since it is an excise tax which is a zero-sum game for producers. By contrast, consumption taxes and parafiscal charges do count towards the calculation of producer prices.

2.9 Price indices are used to depict the average change in the price level from one period to the next. The producer price index of industrial products depicts the price development of goods from the mining, manufacturing and energy industries produced and sold in Germany. The producer price statistics ordinarily do not contain any calculations of absolute prices. The indices rather show the percentage price change over time. One exception is mineral oil products, where in addition to price indices absolute prices are also published for selected goods.

B. What do indices tell us?

2.10 Price indices are among the most important indicators for observing long-term and short-term economic development in Germany. The index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) provides monthly data at the stage of production on price developments of goods of the mining, manufacturing and the energy industries produced and sold domestically.

2.11 The major significance of the producer price index emerges from its authoritativeness for the further stages of the value added chain. Price developments which are initially observed in production influence the downstream economic stages in the next periods. Analyses of consequences on the development of the consumer price index as a central measure of inflation are particularly significant.

2.12 The producer price index is published not only as an overall index for all industrial products, but also in detail for individual groups of goods at different aggregation levels. In this way, special statements can be made for individual industries and the influence of individual groups of goods on changes in the overall index becomes clear.

2.13 Calculating price indices at different aggregation levels allows for analyses of the impact of price changes at producer level on the price development of the downstream stages in individual areas. All types of price change at the producer level have greater or lesser impacts in later periods on the price development in trade and consumption.

2.14 The index is calculated regularly every month; publications with final results are already available in the next month, so that the timeliness of the data is guaranteed. Since the producer price index gives the average changes in the price level from one period to the next, its authoritativeness depends on the composition and up-to-dateness of the basket. This represents the entire domestic production with the aid of the individual basket items. Adjustments of the basket in line with economic developments and changes in the production structure are hence carried out at regular intervals in order to ensure representativeness over a long period.

1 cf. on this Chapter 3 - Scope and classifications, section E.




C. What are they used for?

2.15 There is a national and international demand for price indices from the political arena and from administrations, as well as from economic associations and other organisations, and from private individuals. The indices support the various users in political and economic decision-making, where in particular the consumer price index and the index of producer prices of industrial products (domestic sales) find a use in many areas.

2.16 Central significance attaches to the producer price index for the monetary and interest policy of the European Central Bank, the central task of which lies in ensuring the stability of the currency. This monetary stability is measured against the level of inflation, the most important indicator of which is the consumer price index. Price indices at upstream economic levels – also including the producer price index – show inflation tendencies at an early date, and are hence highly important benchmarks for the monetary policy of the Central Bank.

2.17 By portraying price developments at the economic stage of production, inflationary trends can already be recognised at the first levels of the value added chain. Price developments depicted in the producer price index hence support short-term economic analyses in the political arena and the business community. The producer price index serves here in particular as a short-term indicator in the observation of long-term and short-term economic development, and is a basis for the decision-making of a great deal of market players.

2.18 In addition to the public administration, there is also demand for the results of the producer price index from enterprises and associations. They use the results to make statements on future trends and developments, also within individual sectors, so that the indices are used to support market analyses.

2.19 Contracts frequently refer to the producer price index. Since it depicts the general price development at producer level, particularly in long-term contracts individual contractual elements are tied to the price development of the index as a whole or of specific goods aggregates which are depicted by the index. Such price escalation clauses in contracts refer to the producer price index, so that changes of the index directly impact elements of the contract tied to it. By these means, for instance, price indices for steel as a reference value are used for price adjustments in contracts in the construction industry; tariffs for the transportation of goods by HGV are frequently tied to the price development of important cost elements (HGVs, diesel fuel).

2.20 Germany has also undertaken towards international organisations, including the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), to collect the producer price index on a monthly basis and to transmit the corresponding data. To this end, all the required information is provided to Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, which provides the members’ data to the other institutions. Some organisations require different results and publish information from the various States. International comparisons and observations of trends in the various states can thus be implemented. In order to make the individual country data comparable, international standards are used to ensure the uniformity of calculating the price indices within the European Union.

2.21 In addition to external users of the producer price index from home and abroad, it is also used for other statistics within the Federal Statistical Office. Internal users need the results for further calculations of their own statistics. For instance, producer price indices in the field of the national accounts serve to correct prices of values (deflating). The producer price index is used here to calculate values in constant prices. Also in calculating volume indices in industrial statistics, the




producer price indices are used for the price adjustment. The production, sales and new orders index is obtained from the industrial statistics with the support of the producer price index since the latter makes it possible to calculate price adjusted values.

2.22 The multifarious use of the results applies for high standards with regard to quality, reliability and methodological constancy in calculating the indices. The following chapters, especially chapter 12, describe the measures for ensuring quality on all stages of the calculation and of the derivation of the basis of the calculation.

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The prof a multi-stagection first oation criteriaries for 1,34

Prices

The ascs monthly precific sales eses describ

on the Indexroducts (Dom

pe and ons

lassificati

sal set

aphic coverical observfication sys

sal set

stics, a univn ascertainicludes all c

nterprises in

estion of whis hence a powing criter

ion of the enic domicile ocation of theic productio

enterprise ce enterprise of mining a descriptiono be domic attributed tistics (cf. Sy.

e of being lied every day

oducer pricege samplingof products a of the univ43 basket ite

certainment rice surveys event on con

be represent

x of Producemestic Mark

P

ions

rage vation units

tems

versal set is ing the prodcontracts con the mining

hether a conpotential obria:

nterprise to sof the enterpe goods prodn and sale o

an be attries of the unand quarryinn of the unciled in Gerto a specificection E.3).

mited by thy, whose full

index of indg procedure and enterprversal set. Tems that are

of the prod for selectednclusion of atative sales

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 11

s

defined as ducer price ncluded for

g, manufactu

ntract conclubject of obse

specific ecoprise duced and sof the produ

buted to a niversal set ng, manufacnderlying clrmany, and

c group of go. In addition

ese criterial observation

dustrial pro (cf. Chapterrises and thThe most ree reported by

ducer price id products. Ta contract o events that

ndustrial

1

the set of aindex of ind

r the sale ofuring and en

uded in the ervation of p

nomic activ

sold within sucts

certain ecoof the prod

cturing of golassification

d the individoods with thn, productio

, the univern is impossi

ducts (domer 5 – Samplehen of repreecent samply around 6,8

ndex of indThe calculatn the referet are realise

as pe

all potential dustrial prodf industrial pergy industr

sphere of bproducer pr

ities

pecific grou

onomic actucer price sods, and el is providedual sales he aid of theon and sale

sal set comble.

estic marketes) from thissentative sale is compri800 enterpri

ustrial prodtion is basednce date. Toed as regula

er: August 2

subjects ofducts (domeproducts prories.

usiness fallrice statistic

ups of goods

ivity depenstatistics falectricity, ga

ed in Sectioevents mu

e Product Cl of the goo

mprises a vas

t) is ascertas universal sales events ised of appises.

ucts (domed on the prico this end, tharly as poss

019

11345

f study for aestic sales),oduced and

s within thecs, therefore

s

ding on itsll within thes and water

on E.2. Thest relate tolassificationds must be

st variety of

ained on theset involving meeting allrox. 10,100

stic market)ces realisedhe reportingsible in this

3 4 5

a ,

d

e e

s e r e o n e

f

e g l

0

) d g s

Method

Chapc

form. Todescriptthe concollectio

3.7 distinguquantityidenticaspecificacalculat(cf. on th

3.8 only whefor the mconsequreportedbeer taxchargesincludedearned Reportin

3.9 quantitythe quaeven whaverage

3.10 reportinwithin tstructureThis mereportedunder re

3.11 real conare not t

3.12 reportincustomiprice coprices fomediumreflects indicatio

dical Guide oPr


o ensure cotion of the tditions of s

on).

The prouish in the ey or change al sales eveations requions for thehis Chapter

The moere this is tymanufactureuently part od price inclux, tax on liq, which incd in the repoon the mar

ng of averag

The avey of goods sontities sold.hen the pri prices shou

Under cg units. Thihe product es to be usans that in a

d as the weeport.

The usentracts conctaken into a

In exceg units. Thissed specificmparison isor certain b

m term (i.e. the calcula

on of the pri


pe and ons

omparabilityransaction isale on the

ovision of deevent of a p of the cond

ents are incuires adjust index, sinc 7 – Quality

onthly pricesypical of theer to deliverof a typical sudes consumquors, and eclude the peorted price. ket for the

ge prices and

erage price old from one. This may vces of the

uld be avoid

certain conds is done ingroup and ed in the caa given mon

eighted aver

e of list pricluded, as foccount.

ptional circus is effectedcations. Dus not expedibasic modelsin an annua

ated cost anice developm


P

y over timencludes the other, i.e.

etailed informprice changeditions of sacluded in thtments (quae quality chchanges).

s reported a sales eventr the concresales event

mption taxeselectricity taetroleum st If possible,previously-s

d list prices s

is defined e product gr

vary in the dindividual ped.

ditions, hown particular no special falculation onth under rerage of the

ces or offer or instance

umstances, above all we to variousient. In mans that are ral comparisnd profit sitment.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 11

e, the transe exact descof the price

mation on the between pale) and purhe calculatioality adjust

hanges have

are as rule t. For instanete directly and must hs such as max; howevertocking levy, the reportespecified prshould be a

as the quroup. Conseifferent periproducts re

wever, the su where the focus. It is hf the averag

eport a compprevious mo

prices shou discounts a

however, thwhen the obss designs, c

ny cases, horegularly adason in most tuation of t

ndustrial

1

actions havcription of the determini

he product aproduct-relare price chaon of the itments) to e to be elimi

ex-works prce, it is custto the cons

hence be conmineral oil ta

r, value addy (Erdölbevoed transactiooduct unde

avoided.

otient of thquently, thiiods, genera

emain const

ubmission ocompany hahowever imge price in tparable averonth’s price

uld be avoidand similar

he reporting served prodcontractual

owever, repoapted to the cases), thehe company

as pe

ve to be dehe product ong features

and the condted change

anges. Only ndex. Any cbe made

inated befor

rices, freightomary in thtruction sitensidered in x including

ded tax is norratungsbeon prices shr the specif

he turnover s price depeating a chantant. For thi

of average pas a very brportant in ttwo consecurage price oes with the

ded if possibparticulariti

of list priceuct is made terms and o

orting units ce market site developmey, and can

er: August 2

escribed in on the one h (cf. Chapte

ditions of sas (change o pure price change in tbefore makre calculatin

ht costs beine sale of free. The freigh the price re green tax, t

not includedeitrag – EBVhould be thofied conditio

generated ends on the nge in the avis reason, r

prices is agreroad range this regard futive reportif the previostructure of

ble. They doies of real t

es can be ar to constantother aspeccan providetuation. At ent of thesebe viewed

019

detail. Thehand and ofer 6 – Data

ale allows toof quality orchanges forthe productking furtherng the index

ng includedesh concreteht costs areeported. Thetobacco tax,d. ParafiscalV), are alsoose actuallyons of sale.

and of the structure ofverage pricereporting of

eed on withof products

for identicaling periods.us month isf the month

o not reflecttransactions

ranged withtly-changingcts, a direct offer or listleast in thee list pricesas a rough

e f a

o r r t r x

d e e e , l

o y .

e f e f

h s l . s h

t s

h g t t e s h

Method

Chapc

3.13 date, whspecific it makes

3.14 reportinregard toif the flindex doevent. Insample group is

3.15 to repodescriptthe moncould ha

3.16 sectors traw matPowerne

C.

3.17 statisticproduceabroad own pric

3.18 (domestan econvalue of

3.19 structureproductfluctuatithat thesold in G

3.20 distributcompanreportinactivitie

dical Guide oPr


The prihich is the 1 date makess price obse

It shoug dates in two a certain ructuation ooes not refln seeking tosizes are us

s portrayed o

Where ort monthlytions and conth under reave been rea

In additto ascertainterials and eext) for insta

Geogra

The procs system of ed by domeare not inclce indices, t

The regtic market) aomic activit

f the two bas

Probleme of the enion site is dions, merge

e index contGermany.

A specition and pri

nies that areg unit is nos. In such


pe and ons

ces reporte5th of every

s it easier torvation less

ld be notedwo consecureference daccurred preect the geno put into psed. By sumon average.

reporting uny average onditions of eport, it is aalised in the

tion to direcn price reporenergy formance are use

aphic cover

oducer price the Federal stic firms anluded. The phe import p

gularly calcuand the expoty or of a prose indices, w

ms may arisnterprise chdecisive for ers and reloctinues to in

ial procedurcing of the p

e domiciled longer ablecases, the


P

d to the Fed month undeo report the laborious.

d here that mtive periods

ate, price checisely on theral develop

perspective marising sev

nits are unaprices for sale). If no also possib

e light of the

ct surveys ofrts. For insta

ms. The quoted in the fiel

rage

e index of in Republic ofnd sold on price develorice index a

ulated combort price indoduct groupwith the dom

e from the lhanges or pthe producecations mayclude only

re is requireproduced go abroad. Whe to report t Federal St

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 11

deral Statiser report, foprice of a sp

major price s are not poanges will ohe referencepment, but this source veral price s

ble to suppequivalent

new contracble to provide current ma

f enterprisesance, use is tations of thld of electric

ndustrial prof Germany athe German

opments of nd the expo

ination of thdex represenp. This indexmestic and fo

limitation toproduction ier price indey require quprice report

ed where dooods are effhilst the acthe current ptatistical Of

ndustrial

1

tical Office r real sales epecific sales

fluctuationsrtrayed. Hen

only be reflee date of th the specific of error anseries, the re

ly referencecontracts

cts were conde well-founrket situatio

s, various semade of sto

he Europeancity and gas.

oducts (domims at portr

n market. Prthese foreig

ort price inde

he producernts the pricex is determinoreign turno

o a domesticis relocatedex. Changinguick adaptatts made by

omestic profected by divtual productprices due tffice seeks

as pe

are those revents of a ss event for th

s that may once, where pcted in the c

he observatc developmed to obtain eal price dev

e date pricesconcluded

ncluded for tnded estimaon.

econdary soock exchangen Energy Exc

mestic markaying price droducts mangn trade actex.

r price index developme

ned as a weiover figures s

c domicile od. The geogg market cotions and fledomestic c

oduction sitevisions of thtion is carrieo the relocato obtain p

er: August 2

realised on specified gohe reporting

occur betweprices are recalculation ion. Conseqent of this s sound datavelopment o

s, it is also (comparabthe selected

ations of the

urces are usge quotationchange (EEX

ket) as part developmennufactured ativities are d

x of industrient of the enighted arithserving as w

of a compangraphic locaonditions resexible actio

companies f

es are mainhe enterpriseed out in Geation of the price report

019

a referenceood. Fixing ag parties, as

een the twoeported withof the indexquently, thesingle salesa, adequateof a product

permissibleble productd product ine price that

sed in somes for certainX; EPEX and

of the pricents of goodsand/or solddepicted by

ial productstire sales ofmetic mean

weights.

ny when theation of thesulting fromn to ensure

for products

ntained, bute or outsideermany, thedistributionts from the

e a s

o h x e s e t

e t

n t

e n d

e s d y

s f

n

e e

m e s

t e e n e

Method

Chapc

divisionhoweveinformat

3.21 that it ipublishe

D.

3.22 and calcof surveof statis

3.23 generatiexample

Table 3.

Questio

Who rep

Report i

Which m

Which m

3.24 statistic

3.25 organisaspecialilocationdivided of a loceconomenterpriis considactivity attributethat maymay prothis leve

dical Guide oPr


s of the enr, these artion require

An adds calculateded, consequ

Statist

Statisticulations. Th

eys. Statisticstical results

There aing statistices for each t

1: Various

on

ports?

is made abou

mass is depic

mass is analy

The stacs, it is ideal

An entational poinsed kind-of

ns. These loc up among tal unit thereic activity se and the ldered and aunit is usua

ed to an ecoy classify w

oduce differeel, too.


pe and ons

nterprise in re not obligs a major ef

itional specd only on thuently not ev

tical observ

cal observaherefore, thecal units are s.

are various cs. The follotype.

types of sta

ut whom?

cted?

ysed?

tistical obsely the kind-o

terprise cant of view, it

f-activity uncations are the specialiefore produdepending local unit to attribution isally focused

onomic activithin variousent goods, a


P

charge of dged to proffort and it is

cial aspect ohe federal (ven on the le

vation units

tion units aey constitut the subject

types of stowing table

atistical units

Statistical

Reporting u

Observatio

Unit of dep

Analytical

ervation uniof-activity un

n be classi consists ofits. The enreferred to ased kind-oce goods fron the foc

an economs based on td on the provity accordins economic

and classific

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 11

distribution ovide informs not always

of the geogr(national) leevel of the fe

s

are the unitse the supplit of observat

tatistical une provides

s

unit

unit

on unit

piction

unit

it is crucial nit.

ified into uf different unnterprise canas local unitf-activity un

rom various cus of its bic activity, tthe top-sellioduction of ngly. Therefo activities. E

cation in diff

ndustrial

1

from abroamation abous possible to

raphic coverevel. No regederal Länd

s that providiers of statistion and the

nits playing an overview

Exam

Contr

Branc

Resu

Sales

in the collec

units on vanits which inn operate its. Productionits (KAU). T sectors. Evbusiness ache entire pring economa specific s

ore, an enterEven the kinferent econo

as pe

ad. In contrut the price

o obtain the

rage of the pgional resulter.

de the basisstical informe elements u

different row of the va

mple

roller of the e

ch of the ente

lts about divi

s situation

ction of the

arious hieran turn are sn various s

on of the vaThe individuery single lectivities. Woduct rangeic activity, osegment of rprise comprd-of-activity

omic activitie

er: August 2

rast to domes, so tha current pric

producer prts are asce

s for statistmation in theused in the

oles in the arious units

enterprise

erprise

isions

data. In pro

archy levelsub-divided sectors andrious goodsal kind-of-aevel is attrihile in attr

e of the econone specialis

the productrises variousy units of ones is hence

019

mestic firms,t collectinge reports.

rice index isrtained and

ical surveyse frameworkaggregation

process ofs and gives

oducer price

s. From aninto various

d at variouss of a unit isctivity unitsbuted to anributing thenomic entitysed kind-of-t range ands local unitsne local unitpossible on

, g

s d

s k n

f s

e

n s s s s n e y -

d s t n

Method

Chapc

Figure 3

Local u

Kind-of-

1

3.26 the prodas the sunits arFederal kind-of-

3.27 are colleproduceStatisticcharge othe repo

E.

E.1

3.28 universacomprehindividuindividuuniversaexactly defines

3.29 scheme producestructurethe schoverlappand porclassific

3.30 price indno compclassific

dical Guide oPr


.1 Hierarch

unit 1

-activity unit

2 ...

Informaducer price istatistical ore used as a

Statistical activity unit

To condected from ted by the kical Office. Inof distributiorting unit as

Classif

Genera

A classal set. Eachhensive clas

ual groups, aual items of al set to exaone higher the basic st

When d covers the

er price indee and the cu

heme, each ping is not prtray the reacation hierar

As the dex of indusparisons ovecations used


pe and ons

hical organis

m

ation on the ndex of indubservation ua basis for aOffice obtais by surveyi

duct the mothe local unind-of-activin some casng the prods it cannot p

fication sys

l

sification syh element ssification sand thus credata. The ba

actly one of t level, until tructure and

deciding to e universal ex of industurrent produ element o

possible. Theal world, wirchy.

classificatiostrial producer time and

d should be


P

sational stru

Local un

sales figureustrial produunits for thiascertainingins the infong the local

onthly price its. These aty units, an

ses, prices aucts. In the

provide infor

stems

ystem definclassifies u

cheme proveating hieraasis for devethe lowest c the highes classificatio

use a speset and pro

trial productuction must of the univee classificatith the indiv

on scheme cts (domesti no time sercoherent wi

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 11

ucture of an

Enterprise

it 2

es of individucts (domesis informatig the weighormation abl units.

survey for tare usually innd can thereare determise cases, thrmation abo

es a structunambiguou

vides for strurchy levels. eloping a syclassificatiost aggregateon of eleme

ecific classifovides for its (domestic be depictedersal set istion of the pvidual prod

constitutes ic market), iries will be pth systems

ndustrial

1

undertaking

...

ual economstic market).on. The saleting schemeout the var

he individuan charge of efore reportned by the

he local unitout the curre

ture that enusly within ucturing by a This allows

ystem is the n levels; ea

e covers thents.

fication schts assignmc market) thd by the class clearly asroducts sho

duct line co

the basis ft should ha

possible in cused in othe

as pe

g

ic activities . The kind-ofes figures oe (cf. Chaptrious sales

al price repr distributingt the curren enterprise t producing nt prices.

nables unifo one categassigning va for the form assignabilitch aggregat entire univ

eme it musent to the vhis means tssification sssigned to

ould be basenstituting th

for the calcuve long-termcalculating ter sets of sta

er: August 2

Local unit n

is required f-activity un

of these kinter 4 – Weigfigures atta

resentativesg and pricingnt prices to or other lo the goods

orm breakdgory of the arious subgrmation of agty of all elemte is assigneversal set. T

st be verifievarious leve

that both thscheme. Wit

a classificed on a logiche bottom

ulation of thm relevance.the index. Liatistics.

019

n

to ascertainits are usedd-of-activityghting). The

ained in the

s, the pricesg the goodsthe Federalcal units inis no longer

own of the system. Aroups to theggregates ofments of theed in turn toThe scheme

ed that theels. For thee industrial

th the aid ofation level;cal principlelevel of the

he producer. Otherwise,ikewise, the

n d y e e

s s l

n r

e A e f e o e

e e l f ; e e

r , e

Method

Chapc

3.31 one haimplemeunits) argoods is

E.2

3.32 activitieprovides

Figure 3

3.33 classifiemanufacand indu

3.34 NACE2 Rsystem classificlocal unthe opeversion Union. Tsystem, subsect

3.35 alphabeproduceuniversaD (Electr

1 ISIC: “In2 NACE: “

dical Guide oPr


Two difnd, an insented. To thre classifieds implement

Classific

On an s, whose sts an overvie

.2 Overvie

The ISIes each ecctured by thustrial activi

The staRev. 2, which

categorisescation schemit, kind-of-arations of this however The classific however ion, which i

In the etical order, er price indeal set are thricity supply

nternational S“Nomenclatu

UN

ISIC Rev


pe and ons

fferent systestitutional chis end, the d according ted, with the

cation of eco

internationatructures are

ew of the ma

ew of the cla

C1 Rev. 4 cconomic enhe observedities, which

tistical systeh was introds the econome of the EUactivity unit) he entity aremore detailcation on ththe NACE s not includ

NACE syste on the foll

ex of industrose assigne

y) and E (wat

Standard Indre statistique

v. 4


P

ms are usedclassification economicalto the focus

e individual

onomic activ

al level, vae based on jor systems

ssifications

lassificationntity accordd entity is d means that

em of the ecduced as a bomic entitieU is therefor is assignede focused. Wed in severa

he highest lsystem inced in the IS

em, the clasowing levelial products

ed to the NAter supply).

ustrial Classie des Activités

Econo

N

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 11

d in Germann of the elly-active ens of their ac product con

vities

rious classi similar clas on the UN,

of economi

n scheme isding to its decisive. Thet the classifi

conomic actbinding systs accordingre also based to an econWhilst NACEal areas andlevel of the cludes an IC system.

ssification os there is a

s (domestic ACE sections

ification of als économiqu

omic act

NACE Rev.

EU

ndustrial

1

y to calculaeconomic entities (enterctivities. On nstituting th

ification schssifications EU and nati

c activities

s the schem economic e system prcation is ba

tivities usedtem by way g to their toed on outpuomic activit

E resembles d thus adap hierarchicaadditional

on the top an additionamarket), the

s B (Mining

l Economic Aes dans la Co

tivities

2

as pe

te the produntities by erprises, locathe other hae criterion o

hemes existof the hieraonal levels.

me used at focus. Her

ovides classsed on outp

in the Euroof EC regulaop-selling pt. The econo

ty on the bas ISIC in its sted to the c

al structure classificatio

two levels al numericale economic and quarryi

ctivities” ommunauté E

W

Ge

er: August 2

ucer price ineconomic aal units, kinand, a class

of delimitatio

t to classifyarchy levels

UN level. Tre, the masification by

put.

opean Commations. Just aproducts. Thomic entity sis of the arstructure, thcontext of this identical on level, n

of the hiel classificat entities inclng), C (Man

Européenne”

WZ 2008

ermany

019

ndex. On theactivities isd-of-activitysification byon.

fy economics. Figure 3.2

This systemain producty industries

munity is theas ISIC, this

he standard(enterprise,

rea in whichhe Europeanhe European to the ISICnamely the

rarchy is inion. For theluded in theufacturing),

e s y y

c 2

m t s

e s d ,

h n n C e

n e e ,

Method

Chapc

3.36 Europeasystem units, anthe relevthis clas21 secticlassificalphabe2008.

3.37 structureon eachshown.

Table 3.

Identific

1 letter

2 digits

3 digits

4 digits

5 digits

3.38 manufaceconom

E.3

3.39 assignedproductsgoods, vschemethe follo

dical Guide oPr


The claan system, b

serves to pnd other stavant compessification. Tions, 88 divcation of all etical index

The foled. In additi

h level and

2: Structur

cation

Every ectures additic focus of t

Classific

In contrd to a specs being sumvarious class on the UN

owing figure


pe and ons

assification obut includesprovide for atistical unietent authorThe result isvisions, 272economic a with more

llowing oveion to the tyan example

re of the clas

Hierarchy lev

21 Econo

88 Econo

272 Econo

615 Econo

839 Econo

economic etional produthe entity is

cations of go

rast to the cific group a

mmarized inssification sc level, in the.


P

of economics an additiostandardisets in all offi

rities, and fus a hierarch2 groups, 61ctivities. In than 33,00

rview showype of identie taken from

ssification o

vels

mic sections

mic divisions

mic groups

mic classes

mic subclass

entity is cucts that woalways cruc

oods

classificatios a whole, tdependentlychemes exise area of the

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 11

c activities onal hierarched recordingicial Germanurther institically-struct15 classes aaddition to

00 terms is

ws how the ification for m the class

f economic

Exam

C

s 24

24.2

24.2

ses 24.2

clearly assigould requirecial in the cla

ns of econothe classificy of the typest in the intee EU and of t

ndustrial

1

used in Gehy level whig of economn statistics. utions contured classifand 839 suthe system available a

classificatieach hierarc

sification of

activities (W

mple

Man

Man

Man

0 Man

0.2 Man

gned to ae allocation assification.

omic activitication of gooe of producernational sthe Federal

as pe

rmany (WZ ch is the ec

mic activitie Numerous ributed signfication of ebclasses, aitself, an ans an aid in

ion of the chy level, th economic a

WZ 2008)

nufacturing

nufacture of b

nufacture of tu

nufacture of s

nufacture of p

n economi to another

es, in whichods is charaer involved.phere, as wRepublic of

er: August 2

2008) is baconomic subes of enterpbusiness as

nificantly to economic acllowing for notated ver the applica

economic ahe number oactivities (W

basic metals

ubes

steel tubes

precision stee

c activity, economic a

h an economacterised by. In the clas

well; the mos Germany, a

019

ased on theb-class. Theprises, localssociations, developingtivities witha statistical

rsion and anation of WZ

activities isf categories

WZ 2008) is

el tubes

even if itactivity. The

mic entity isy equivalentsification ofst important

are shown in

e e l , g h l

n Z

s s s

t e

s t f t

n

Method

Chapc

Figure 3

3.40 and serveconom(via CPC

3.41 Communup to sixon UN classific

3.42 Europeamanufacclassificstructurethe CPACPA catethe purpthe good

3.43 nationalRepublicbased ois used PRODCO

3.44 classificunmistaGP codecorrespofollowin(domest

dical Guide oPr


.3 Overvie

The Cenvices and thic activities

C) of a specif

The Clanity. It was x levels of dlevel in its

cations need

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cation provie, PRODCOM

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on the Produ for the bas

OM.

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top level, thonomic act

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ssifications

ct Classificatof its hierarmbining ISI

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008 was den was also dn CPA and Pation for Pro015 = 100. I

he classificaivities. Eachne category n of goods on of the sun the calcul

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Page 8 of 11

of goods

tion (CPC), wrchy levels isC and CPC,

C) is made po

cts by Activion with NAcation of ecoail, as the poses of the

oducts of thpdated list

for productrvey on theever, in addide informat

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eveloped indeveloped inPRODCOM. Toduction StaIn particula

ation of the h product is of goods. T in which thubsections olation of the

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ndustrial

1

which is bins in line withan unmistakossible.

vity (CPA) CE and provonomic activCPC does

EU.

he Europeanof goods

tion statistie productionition to the ion on the to the classd value of p

n the classin the classif

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of WZ 2008.e producer

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as pe

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is binding vides for clavities, the Cnot provid

n Communitfrom mininics in the n of goods6-digit codeclassificatioses of the NAroduction a

fication of fication of p

on of produc9 (GP 2009)of detail ex

mplies witha 9-digit GP digits are calls. The cla. The 2-digitprice index

G

G

er: August 2

UN level, coational clasfication of t

within theassification

CPA differs frde sufficient

ty, is also ung and qua

European Us within thees, which coon of an itemACE Rev. 2.

are usually c

economic aproducts for cts to specif) of which vexceeds that

the subsecP 2009 codcomprised oassification t GP codes lx of industri

GP 2009

Germany

019

overs goodssification ofhe products

e Europeanof products

rom the CPCtly detailed

used on thearrying andUnion. Thise EU. In itsorrespond tom within its system. Forcollected for

activities, a the Federalfic groups isersion 2012 of CPA and

ctions of thee making itf the 2-digitof the latterlisted in theal products

s f s

n s C d

e d s s o s r r

a l s 2 d

e t t r e s

Method

Chapc

Table 3.

GP No.

05

06

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

35

36

38.32

3.45 goods, categoryto form gof goods

dical Guide oPr


3: Overviewmarket)

Group o

Mining

Extracti

Quarryin

Mining

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufaarticles

Manufa

Printing

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Manufa

Other m

Repair a

Electrici

Water c

Recover

Every 9the 6-digit y of goods wgroups of gos. The follow


pe and ons

w of the GP

of goods

of coal and li

on of crude p

ng of stone, s

support servi

acture of food

acture of beve

acture of toba

acture of texti

acture of wear

acture of leath

acture of woo of straw and

acture of pape

g and reprodu

acture of coke

acture of chem

acture of basi

acture of rubb

acture of othe

acture of basi

acture of fabri

acture of com

acture of elect

acture of mach

acture of moto

acture of othe

acture of furni

manufacturing

and installati

ity, gas, steam

ollection, tre

ry of sorted m

9-digit GP coGP code. T

within a clasoods, the 3-wing exampl


P

P codes of th

gnite

petroleum and

sand and clay

ice activities

products

erages

cco products

les

ring apparel

her and relate

d and of pro plaiting mate

er and paper

uction of reco

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c pharmaceu

ber and plasti

r non-metalli

c metals

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puter, electro

trical equipm

hinery and eq

or vehicles, tr

r transport eq

ture

g

on of machin

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materials

ode identifieThis code, is of goods, digit GP code illustrates

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Page 9 of 11

he produce

d natural gas

y, other minin

s

ed products

ducts of wooerials

products

rded media

petroleum pr

hemical produ

utical product

c products

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r price inde

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er: August 2

rial product

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parations

pment

ed to a subdigit GP co

f goods are sgit GP code,

019

s (domestic

cture of

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c

f e d n

Method

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Figure 3

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in the cat

in the cla

in the gro

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3.46 digit GPAs a resof the clcorresposuch a same 4-productsconsequand WZequivaleillustrate

Table 3.

Manufacgoods an

Manufac

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E.4

3.47 (domestclassificdetermianalogo

dical Guide oPr


.4 Examplstatistic

of good:

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gory of goods

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sult, for instalass or divisondence witway that th-digit WZ cos that haveuence, there, as is exprent identifice this, as is

4: Compar

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ture of veneer

ture of motorc

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Wine v

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assification an all classificance, 4-digision of goodth the 4-dig

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vinegar ..........

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ments and se

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en the class

ty)

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Page 10 of 1

ccording to012)

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of goods in g examples i

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panels 16

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and 32

o ascertain ttheir type the calculatse results oc activity.

ndustrial

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o the Produ

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product is co form aggreGP codes a

vel of the 4-dchieved by manufacturethin an ecothe corres

ce between he first four GP 2009 ann Table 3.4.

economic a

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71 Bread;

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50 Medicasupplie

the produceof classifiction of the

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learly attribegates of vare formed wdigit GP codassigning t

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GP 2009,(product

fresh pastry

r sheets and w

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al and dental es

r price indexation of thproducer p

x calculation

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ication for

............. 108

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ard flour .............

108

............. 108

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utable to exarious 9-digiwhich cover ades, there isthe 9-digit Gby enterprisevity is dominconomic accation strucoth classificc subclass

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wood-based p

instruments

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production

84 11 300

84 11

84 1

84

8

xactly one 9-it GP codes.all products an obvious

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akes

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n

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s e e d

Method

Chapc

3.48 the 4-dproductsThese bya price relevantclassificcategoriclassificgoods awill eveprice deby-prodclassificeconom

3.49 calculatused anresults c

dical Guide oPr


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close corresactivities a

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e price inde

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1

spondence bare represealso attributght of the ecnomic entitentatives a-products is stem of thhe index on

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as pe

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by the relevaconomic acthey are prod

ties and gootivities. Theal Republic

er: August 2

e 4-digit WZhe main mamain economivity but notonomic actid with the but it will fa

ation of goof the classthe econom

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ods, the rese indices ca of German

019

Z codes andanufacturedmic activity.t covered byvity is onlyaid of the

all into otherods to thesification of

mic activities goods. Thec activity asgned in then a different

sults of thelculated arey since the

d d . y y e r e f s e s e t

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Cha

4. Wei A. B. C. D. A.

4.1 aggregacompilaweights product goods re

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4.3 steps. Mrepresenperiod iTo this aggrega

4.4

4.5 element

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

ghting

IntroduData soCalculaUpdatin

Introdu

The indting individ

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of industriato form tota

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l products (al indices at are includeights reflecerved. The to

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019

137

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alculated byevels. In thisith differentrrespondinge individual

contribute an increased

anges in the.

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here will be ser periods.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 15

mentary indindex is decie total indexoundation fo year t=0. Aclowing form

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form aggrees the sharen is carried ow of product

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019

egates. The with which

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e h e -t

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B.1

4.10 sales andata sou

4.11 quarryineconomstatistic

B.1.1

4.12 form the

4.13 personssales aindustriaconsum

4.14 for the mare empwho beminimumthe repo

4.15 are alsoStatisticstatisticresult.

4.16 end of t4.1.1 “Bsowie dsupply number remunerseparate

1 The qua

Office: 2 The Fac

Unterne(Konjun

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

Data so

Sales/p

Variousnd productiources.

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cs.

Section

The moe basis for S

For the s employed,re collectedal / non-hanption taxes.

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Page 3 of 15

d to derive teral Statisti

as possibly supply) annstitutional

fication of e

nits of manu

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oup are obliocal units of its of theseomic focus r local units

ted locally bessing of theethodical prthe results o

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ocal units athe level of

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results are hly report arg der Betrie

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vailable on thnnex 11 (onlyal Statistical Okationen > Fac

as pe

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as well as of

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goods for rvalue addederefore dom

ide informatand C in wh

with at leaste the prodo the month

stical Officethe Länder.

and further er to form a

available are publishedebe des vern” (Employmnd quarryin

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f mining and

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tion for the hich at least t 50 personduction induhly report is

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bout 45 dad in Fachserarbeitendenment, sales ng)2. In add, as well ats. The sales the 4-digit

the Federal S German lang

hemen > Branche 4.1.1

019

s formed byd by further

Mining andsification ofoducer price

d quarrying,

e number ofllected. Theother non-cluding any.

data survey 50 personss employedustries. Thes valid since

nder, whichf the Federalnt of these

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as the paids are listed

t WZ code.

Statistical guage). chen und

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Method

Cha

4.17 Annual r

4.18 resultedcomparesectors3

trailers”using thquarryin

4.19 employenumber activity

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4.22 investmdetailedpublisheUnternestructurecodes.

3 In Fachs

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After thresults are p

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Such de

1: Overview

dditional sub-

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domestic sal for 2015 b

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Table 4.

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of the 4-dig

ased on mea

ased on fish,

ased on

also cooked

shes based oti dish, pasta

eals

from the pternal sourcprovided in able in the sket items a

ors D and Esurveys

eholds

er year 1,800

ndustrial

5

ntary index j

mple how thThis sub-divit WZ code).n proportio

n column fored data rela

git WZ codes

Amounts i

Sales 201

3,037,7

PW 2015

t, 717,4

129,3

352,9

375,n

177,0

1,570,3,322,8

production ses for the ca Table 4.1. Federal Staare listed wh

E (Energy an

kWh

as pe

in the total

he individuavision of the. The sales vn to the prorms the baste to values

s among the

in 1,000 Euro

5

703

Share PW

432 0.21

369 0.03

977 0.10

542 0.11

038 0.05

533 0.47891

tatistics, adalculation oParticularly

atistical Offichich were de

nd water sup

er: August 2

sales of all

al fine weighe approximvalues of theoduction vais for the ca

s of 2015.

goods type

o

PW Sales co

159

389

062

130

533

726 1

dditional inff the fine we in economce are not s

efined toget

pply) for ele

Weightper tho2015

019

hts are sub-ate weightse 4-digit WZlues among

alculation of

s

omparison

655 858

118 266

322 683

343 311

161 844

1 435 742 3 037 703

formation iseighting. Anic section Esufficient toher with the

ectricity and

ing share ousand

99.18

21.99 5.03

-s Z g f

s n E o e

d

Method

Cha

GP

35 2

35 3

36

C.3

4.52 exclusivdigit GP

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

Tex

Ele

Ele

Ele

Ser

Nat

NatNat

Nat

NatNatSto

Ste

SupSup

Wa

WaWa

Wa

Particu

In the cvely underpiP code. Sale


ghting

xt

- amount- amount

ctricity, supp

- amount- amount

ctricity, supp

- in low v- in high

- in high

- in high - stock ex

ctricity to res

rvices for elec- Transm

- Distribu

- Trade o

tural gas (dis

tural gas, suptural gas, sup

- amount- amount

tural gas, sup- amount- amount- amount- amount

tural gas, suptural gas, sup

ock exchange

eam and hot w

pply to a residpply to a non

ter and servi

ter supplied ter supplied

- 5,000 m- 50,000

ter supplied

larities

calculation oinned with ps are howev


P

t supplied pet supplied pe

lied to indust

t supplied pet supplied pe

lied to specia

voltage voltage

voltage, amo

voltage, amoxchange quo

ellers

ctricity supplyission of elec

ution of electr

f electricity

tribution)

pplied to houspplied to tradt supplied pet supplied pepplied to indut supplied pet supplied pet supplied pet supplied pepplied to powpplied to re-se quotes

water supply

dential buildi-residential b

ces of water s

to householdto industry

m3 per month m3 per montto water utilit

of the weighproducts cover also freq

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 1

er year 3,500 er year 13,000

trial plant

er year 12,600er year 12,600

al contract cu

ount supplied

ount suppliedtes

y ctricity

ricity

seholds e and indust

er year 58,150er year 116,30ustry er year 1,163 er year 11,630er year 116,30er year over 50wer plants

ellers

services

ing with sevebuilding

supply

ds

th ties

hting schemeorrespondingquently gene

ndustrial

5

kWh 0 kWh

0 kWh, regula0 kWh, specia

ustomers

d per year 625

d per year 4,0

ry 0 kWh 00 kWh

MWh 0 MWh 00 MWh 00,000 MWh

eral families

e, the sales g to the maerated with

as pe

ar rate al rate

5,000 kWh

00,000 kWh

values of thain producti by-products

er: August 2

Weightper tho2015

he 4-digit Won, i.e. of ts within this

019

ing share ousand

14.25 2.71 4.45

2.67 1.78

28.38

10.77 17.61

5.78

8.75 3.08

23.82

20.54 5.22

5.74

9.58

84.38

14.29 5.74 2.87 2.87

10.40 0.83 1.25 1.56 6.76 2.38

51.48 0.09

11.10

4.53 6.57

11.38

7.18 1.88 0.98 0.90 2.32

WZ codes arethe same 4-s 4-digit WZ

e -Z

Method

Cha

code. Thcalculatexact bydevelopweightinis the su

Table 4.

2-digit

05-09

10-12

13-15

16 Madufurof

17 Mapro

18 Prirec

19 Mape

20 Mach

21 Maphph

22 Mapla

23 Mame

24 Ma

11 FachseReihe 2 “Wirtscha

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

he results fion up to th

y goods typepment of theng scheme aupply table f

6: Share o

WZ code

9 Mining and

Manufacturbeverages products

Manufacturwearing aprelated pro

anufacture oucts of woodrniture; man straw and p

anufacture ooducts

inting and recorded med

anufacture otroleum pro

anufacture oemical prod

anufacture oarmaceuticaarmaceutica

anufacture oastic produc

anufacture oetallic miner

anufacture o

erie 18 Volksw“Input-Outpuft > Volkswirt


ghting

for economihe respectivees in each cae main prodand in the infrom the inp

of main and

d quarrying

re of food prand tobacco

re of textilesparel, leathducts

of wood and and cork, e

nufacture of plaiting mate

of paper and

eproductionia

of coke and oducts

of chemicalsducts

of basic al products al preparatio

of rubber ancts

of other non-ral products

of basic met

wirtschaftlicht-Rechnung” schaftliche G


P

ic activities e 4-digit codase, but thaduction, an

ndex calculaput-output ac

auxiliary pro

Smd

roducts, o

s, er and

of pro-except

articles erials

d paper

of

refined

s and

and ons

d

-

als

e Gesamtrech (Input-outpuesamtrechnu

r Prices of Inket)

Page 12 of 1

and for gode. In the fint price indicd not that

ation howeveccount11.

oduction of

Share of main pro-duction

in %

2-dpro

83.92 23

95.33 46

89.40 47

94.88 46

91.98 46

96.47 68

87.23 20

84.11 46

64.83 72

85.71 25

88.01 46

92.02 25

hnungen desut accounts) tungen - Inland

ndustrial

5

oods classenal analysis

ces by econoof the totaler appear to

2-digit WZ c

digit CPA cododuction

3 Manufactumetallic m

6 Wholesalemotor veh

7 Retail tradvehicles a



8 Real estat

0 Manufactuchemical p


2 Scientific developm

5 Manufactuproducts, equipmen


5 Manufactuproducts, equipmen

Bundes (Nato be found atdsprodukt > P

as pe

s are deems, this meanomic activitil sales. The

o be accepta

code (econom

de of main a

ure of other mineral produ

e trade, exceicles and m

de, except ofnd motorcyc



e activities

ure of chemiproducts


research anent

ure of fabricaexcept mact


ure of fabricaexcept mact

ional Account www.destatPublikationen

er: August 2

med equal ins that pricees only refle

ese inaccuraable. The so

mic division

auxiliary

non-ucts

ept of otorcycles

f motor cles

ept of otorcycles

ept of otorcycles

icals and

ept of otorcycles

d

ated metal hinery and

ept of otorcycles

ated metal hinery and

nts of the Fedtis.de > Themen > Fachserie 1

019

n the index indices are

ect the priceacies in theurce for this

n)

Share of auxiliary

productionin %

4.37

2.01

3.01

1.15

1.49

0.92

5.74

3.12

7.47

2.32

2.88

2.12

eration), en > 18.

x e e e s

n

Method

Cha

2-digit

25 Maproeq

26 Maele

27 Maeq

28 Maeq

29 Matra

30 Maeq

31-32

33 Rema

35 Eleco

36 Wa

4.53 product supply tunits arecharacteconside

D.

D.1

4.54 referencthe app

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

WZ code

anufacture ooducts, exceuipment

anufacture oectronic and

anufacture ouipment

anufacture ouipment n.e

anufacture oailers and se

anufacture ouipment

ManufacturOther manu

pair and insachinery and

ectricity, gasnditioning s

ater supply

In mos groups leatable were e however uerised by mration of by-

Updati

Updatin

The basce period is roximate we


ghting

of fabricatedept machine

of computer,d optical pro

of electrical

of machinerye.c.

of motor vehemi-trailers

of other tran

re of furnituufacturing

stallation of d equipmen

s, steam andsupply

st cases, thads to deviacalculated o

used when dmuch great-production

ng and com

ng

sis for the cformed by t

eights and t


P

Smd

d metal ery and

, ducts

y and

hicles,

sport

re,

t

d air

his distinctiations in covon the basideriving the er homogen is hence mu

mparability

calculation othe shares othe producti

r Prices of Inket)

Page 13 of 1

Share of main pro-duction

in %

2-dpro

90.75 28

46

77.93 72

79.04 28

46

84.61 33

84.88 45

72

87.12 33

72

86.86 46

88.10 72

81.32 42

60.55 37

on betweenverage of leis of enterp weighting sneity in thuch less tha

y

of the indivof the 4-digiion values o

ndustrial

5

digit CPA cododuction

8 Manufactuequipmen



8 Manufactuequipmen


3 Repair andmachinery

5 Wholesalerepair of mmotorcycle


3 Repair andmachinery




2 Civil engin

7 Sewerage

n attributioess than 10rises’ result

scheme for te productio

an shown by

idual weight codes amo

of the 9-digi

as pe

de of main a

ure of machit n.e.c.


research anent

ure of machit n.e.c.


d installationy and equipm

e and retail tmotor vehiclees research anent

d installationy and equipmresearch anent


research anent

neering

n by econo0%. What is ts. Sales vathe produceon ranges. the above t

ts of the weong total sat codes for

er: August 2

auxiliary

inery and

ept of otorcycles

d

inery and

ept of otorcycles)

n of ment

trade and es and

d

n of ment d

ept of otorcycles

d

omic activits more, the alues of kiner price inde

The probletable.

eighting schales for the f

the fine we

019

Share of auxiliary

productionin %

1.15

1.14

8.66

4.13

4.18

3.26

4.35

4.84

2.83

4.49

3.14

3.27

4.52

21.94

ties and bydata of thed-of-activity

ex which areem of non-

heme in theformation ofights. Since

n

y e y e -

e f e

Method

Cha

the signtime, ch

4.55 scheme year as a

Fig 4.1

4.56 becauseeconom

Base yeBase ye

4.57 years arrebasingWhen canew basrebasing

4.58 these caschemewhich bproductnew weithe inclureplacinof new g

D.2

4.59 since it from thecalculatweightevariouslperiods,the mark

4.60 periods;

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

nificance of ecks and ad

In orde is re-calcula rule. The f

Base ye

1950

1958

1962

A deviae of specialic structure.

ar 1976 instar 1991 inst

The curre used to dg. The precialculating thse index vag can be fou

If qualitan also be . Informatio

become necion values iights, new puded baske

ng products goods.

Compar

The wedetermines

e price repoe a total ind; dependily-sized sha, adjustmenket structure

This red; compariso


ghting

individual edjustments t

er to accounated every f

following list

ars since 19

1970

1976

1980

ation from thl influences . Examples o

tead of 1975tead of 1990

rrent base yderive new wse method

he price indalue of 100.und in Chapt

tative chang integrated

on is provideessary becas not possib

products areet items (9-dand new go

rability

ighting is a the influenrts, in otherndex on thng on thei

ares. Since nts of the wes.

duces the ions are only


P

economic ato the weigh

nt for structfive years in t provides a

950

0 19

6 19

0 19

his rule mak since specof this are as

5: Special in0: Special in

year is 2015weights. In tused for thiices, the an. A descriptter 9 – Index

ges can be oregardless

ed in Chaptause of thesble within the only includdigit GP codoods are des

an importance of individr words fromis basis, thr significanthe share eighting sch

nformationay possible t

r Prices of Inket)

Page 14 of 1

activities, prhts are neces

tural shifts Germany; tn overview o

985

991

995

kes sense ifcial situatios follows.

nfluences benfluences be

5. Sales andthe same wais is describnnual averagtion of the mx calculation

observed witof rebasing

ter 7 – Qualse changeshe ongoing ded if these

de). The prescribed in C

t element indual price c

m the basic he individuace, they arof individuheme are al

al value witto a restrict

ndustrial

5

roducts and ssary at regu

and changhe years enof the base y

2000

2005

2010

f the originans have co

ecause of thecause of Ge

d productioay, the sam

bed in the nge of the bamethod usen.

thin a produg and of a lity changes. Considerabase. Outsi

e constitute cise methodhapter 8 – P

n the calcuchanges on tdata, as indal indices fre input intal productslso necessa

th long-termted degree.

as pe

product groular interval

ges in the mding in 0 anyears since

2015

ally-plannednsiderably d

e oil crisis erman reuni

n statistics ples are funext chapter,

ase period aed in the in

uct group of new calcul

s on possibltion of chande the reba new producd adopted aProduct repl

lation of thethe total ind

dividual meafor the varioto the prod in total sary. These ch

m comparisoIndividual a

er: August 2

oups may cls.

markets, thend 5 are use1950.

d base year distorted th

fication

of the respndamentallyr, Chapter 5 after rebasin

dex calcula

f the weightiation of thele forms of nged sales

asing and cact specificatand the poslacement an

e producer dex. Indicesasurementsous produc

ducer price ales changehanges dep

ons over difaggregates

019

change over

e weightinged as a base

is unsuitedhe “normal”

pective basey revised on – Samples.g forms the

ation and in

ing scheme,e weighting adjustmentshares and

alculation oftions withinssibilities innd inclusion

price index are formed. In order tots must beindex with

es over thepict shifts in

fferent baseof different

r

g e

d ”

e n .

e n

, g t

d f

n n n

x d o e h e n

e t

Method

Cha

base yeaand strucomposrebasingweights

4.61 differenton whicactivitieirregularProduct conversway thasince th

4.62 version classificThis ledmany ca2015 = differs frand ferrproduct

4.63 geograpwere drasales is develop

dical Guide oPr

apter 4 - Wei

ars consist ouctural chanition of the g. Also the , which is w

In additt weights of h the sub-ds is based r intervals a Classificatiion makes in was previoey can each

For instGP 2002 to

cations in th to conside

ases to calcu100 versionrom the prevro-alloys). Thion class 24

In addiphical compaawn up for t collected, t

pment has be


ghting

of various pges are mix 9-digit codesample of thy a compa

tion to the f the 9-digit division of th are subjectnd the curreion for Prodit possible fously the ca

h relate to di

tance, the t GP 2009 to

he various Mrable changulate compan 2012 of GPvious one ohe changes

410 except f

tion to the arability is athe former fthe geograpeen calculat


P

roduct groued if an indees and theirthe reportinrison should

problem ariGP code, it she productst to a varieent versions

duction Statfor the groupase. Direct cofferent prod

ransition ofook place inMember Statges to the clarable resultP 2009 was tnly in the su within 241or the indice

comparabilia further poifederal territhical borderted for the e

r Prices of Inket)

Page 15 of 1

ps; the weigex comparisr weights in ng firms is rd always be

sing as to tshould also

s to form goety of adjuss of the classistics are inping of indivomparisons

ducts.

f the Produc the conver

tes of the Eulassificationts acc. to GPtaken as claub-division 0 result in es on reinfo

ity over timeint to be taktory until 19rs have bee

entire federa

ndustrial

5

ghts of the 9son occurs o the total were-compiled taken with a

the compara be consideods groups tments. Thesification of

ntegrated invidual good of the price

ct Classificarsion to the uropean Unin in GermanyP 2002 and Gassification bof productioreduced timrcing steel i

e of variousken into acc990. Since tn extended

al territory si

as pe

9-digit GP cover several eighting sch with each a grain of sa

ability over tred that the and enterpese classificf the econom the framews types to ta

e indices bec

tion for Probase 2005 =ion were hay. As a resuGP 2009. Wibasis for theon class 241

me series win base perio

s base periocount. The phe price dev by German nce 1991.

er: August 2

odes are chabase period

heme changnew calcula

alt.

the periods classificatiorises to form

cations are mic activitieswork of rebaake place income less a

oduction Sta= 100. Herermonised E

ult, it was imith the rebase first time. T10 (Basic iroithin the suod 2015 = 1

ods and clasproducer pric

velopment reunificatio

019

anged. Priceds, since thege with eachation of the

because ofon schemesm economicupdated at

s and of theasings. Thisn a differentauthoritative

atistics frome, the goodsurope-wide.

mpossible insing to baseThis versionon and steelb-indices of00.

ssifications,ce statisticsof domestic

on; the price

e e h e

f s c t e s t e

m s .

n e n l f

, s c e

Method

Cha

5. Sam A. B. C. D. E. F. A.

5.1 represenin Germuniversaenterpri

Figure 5

Prod

ucer

s (W

Z B

C D

E)

5.2 composprocedutargetedprice sta

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

mples

IntroduData soSelectiSelectiSelectiDealing

Introdu

The indntative basi

many by ental set is comses headqu

.1 Universa

Produc

Prod

ucer

s (W

Z B

,C, D

, E)

Statistiition of the

ures (randomd selection aatistics. This


mples

uction ources ion of the bion of the eion of the pg with chan

uction

dex of produs the averagterprises in mprised of aartered in G

al set of prod

cts (GP 05 –

U

cal recordinuniversal se

m or stratifieand cut-off ps method co


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basket of goenterprises price represnges

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– 38)

Universal se

ng of the eet is unknowed random procedures insists of thr

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 10

oods

sentatives

of industriament of the panufacturingents in the

wards domes

statistics

et

ntirety of thwn. For this rsample) is nis applied inree stages.

ndustrial

0

al products prices for thg, and the respective p

stic custome

hese sales reason, the not possiblen German pr

as pe

(domestic me products energy andperiod undeers.

events is napplication e. Consequeroducer pric

er: August 2

market) meamanufactur

d water induer report ca

not feasible of traditionently, a comce statistics,

019

133689

asures on aed and soldustries. Therried out by

e; the exactal sampling

mbination of, as in other

3 3 6 8 9

a d e y

t g f r

Method

Cha

5.3 in termsthe indivthe baskproduceand locagoods vThese srepresen

Figure 5

5.4 for thessample reportinof the ch

5.5 represenreportinof the in

Sa(ba

Sarep

Srep

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

The firss of sales. Thvidual typesket of goodse and sell thal units thu

variants, i.e.ales eventsntatives.

.2 Selectio

A differe purposes are describg units, andhapter deals

The mantativeness g firms is ke

ndex.

ample of goodasket of good

mple of pripresentativ

Sample of porting unit


mples

st step involhis is baseds of goods. Ts. The secone goods typ

us selected . the typicals form the b

on steps in t

rent type of are discussed, firstly th

d finally the es with chang

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ds ds)

ice ves

s


P

ves the sele on the weigThe entiretynd step thenes represenforms the s

l sales evenbasis for the

taking the sa

informationsed in sectihe selection exact proced

ges and adju

forming the. In additios possible a

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Select

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r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 10

ection of theghts of the w

y of productsn involves thnted in the bsample of rnts, are thene monthly p

ample

n is needed ion B. Then of the baskdure in definustments.

e individuaon, care shoand that the

niversal s

tion of pro

tion of pro

ion of sal

ndustrial

0

e goods typweighting scs selected ohe selectionbasket of goreporting unn determineprice observ

for each ste the individket of goodsning the pric

al samples ould be tak

e reports are

set

oducts

oducers

es events

as pe

es with relacheme that hon the basis of enterprisods. The entits. In the t

ed by the sevation and a

ep. The variual steps in

s, then the cce represent

is to attainen that the used efficie

s

All pro All pro All sal

All pro All sal

All sal

er: August 2

atively high shave been a of the weigses or local tirety of the third step, telected repoare referred

ious data son the generachoice of thtatives. The

n as high a effort invoently for the

oducts oducers les events

oducers les events

les events

019

significanceattributed toghting forms units which enterprisesthe specificorting units. to as price

ources usedation of thee individual last section

a degree oflved for the

e calculation

e o s h s c .

e

d e l

n

f e n

Method

Cha

B.

5.6 several units is

5.7 Weightinthe bascorrespothus forChapter the Prodadditionreportinstatisticand the

5.8 does noselectioindustryof the eweightin

C.

C.1

5.9 correspoand theito be sewhose Consequrepresen

5.10 domestithe weigrepresen

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

Data so

The prostages. Firsformed, and

The weng, constituket of goodonding aggrrming the br 4 Section Bduction Indun, the produg units. To t

cs which con correspond

For enteot have the n of the sa

y associationenterprises ing of the ind

Selecti

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When tonds to its sir share in thelected fromprice deve

uently, pricented in the b

The tabic sales fromghting sharnted in the b


mples

ources

ocedure of t, the goods

d in a final st

eighting schtes the info

ds. With theregates, it isasis for the

B (Fachserie ustries) formuction statithis end, anntain – for eing product

erprises in tdata at its

ample of ren (BDEW - Bin different dividual bas

ion of the b

on of the 9-d

he weightinshare in totahe total salem this list. elopment ise surveys abasket of go

ble below shm the year 2re of the rebasket of go


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determinins are selectetep, the indi

heme, the rmation bas

e aid of the decided wh

e price surv 4, Reihe 3.1

ms the essenstics serve evaluation

each 9-digit ion values.

the sectors disposal in

eporting uniundesverbaenergy market items to

basket of go

digit GP code

g scheme isal sales. The

es. The typesThe basket s to be ore conducte

oods.

ows an exce2015 and thspective 9-d

oods of 2015

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 10

g the indived for the bividual price

determinatisis for the see weights fohich groups ey. Conseq1 “Produktiontial basis f as a data is carried oGP code – t

of energy a this detaileits in this

and der Enerrkets is evalo the reportin

oods

es

s derived, ee result is as of goods to of goods hobserved reed and elem

erpt from thehe shares in digit code. 5.

ndustrial

0

vidual pricebasket of goe representa

on of whicelection of thor the indivi of goods beuently, the

on im Produzfor the com source for ut of the indthe contact

nd water sued form. To regard, busrgie- und Waluated. Thusng units to b

each 9-digit a list of all 9o be includehence constepresentativ

mentary indi

e weighting the total doThe right c

as pe

representaods, next, t

atives are de

h was deshe individuaidual 9-digitecome part production zierenden Gpilation of t the generadividual datadetails of th

upply, the Fe obtain morsiness statisasserwirtschs it is possibe included.

GP code is 9-digit GP coed in the bastitutes the svely for alices are cal

scheme witomestic saleolumn show

er: August 2

atives is cothe sample etermined.

scribed in Cal goods rept GP codes of the bask statistics d

Gewerbe” (Prthe basket oation of theasets of thehe individua

ederal Statisre detailed dstics of thehaft) regardiible to brea.

assigned a odes, their ssket of goodselection ofll domesticlculated onl

th the relatees which cows the type

019

omprised ofof reporting

Chapter 4 –presented in and of theet of goods,

described inroduction inof goods. Ine sample ofe productional producers

stical Officedata for thee respectiveing turnover

ak down the

weight thatsales valuesds now havef the goodsc products.y for goods

d details onrrespond to

es of goods

f g

– n e ,

n n n f

n s

e e e r e

t s e s . s

n o s

Method

Cha

Table 5.

Sales st

WZ

1085

Producti

GP

1085 11

1085 12

1085 13

1085 14

1085 14

1085 19

Total

5.11 digit WZTo makeand are represenfrequentNone oftotal salbasket i

5.12 industryusers. Sproduct inclusioclassificstatistic

5.13 (domest1,976 9system. of the 9-in 2015

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

1: Exampl

atistics

Text

Prepa

ion statistics

Goods

1 000 Prepaor blo

2 000 Prepacrusta

3 000 Prepa

4 100 Farinaprecoo

4 300 Other (e.g. p

9 000 Other pizza)

From thZ code. This e the selecti included innted. In certtly the casef the 9-digit les is signifitems which

This lisy associationSome assoc groups, altn in the bas

cation belowcs are consid

At prestic market) i

9-digit GP co The groups-digit codes.


mples

le of a produ

red meals an

s

s type

red meals anod

red meals aceans and m

red meals an

aceous prodoked

prepared mprepared spag

prepared di

hese data, t significanceon, all 9-dig

n the sampletain cases,

e where only GP codes wcant as a co contain ind

st is coordins. This alloiations, for

though the ssket of good

w the level odered as far

sent, the cais based on odes, which of goods w of the bask


P

uct sample

d dishes

d dishes bas

and dishemolluscs

d dishes bas

ducts, filled

meals and dighetti dish, p

ishes and m

the productse is reflectedgit GP codese until a cumseveral 9-diy minimal wwould have ombined badividual 9-di

nated with ows taking i instance, resales valuesds. It is concof 9-digit GP as possible

alculation o the basket were select

were combineket of goods

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 10

sed on meat,

es based

sed on vegeta

, also coo

ishes based pasta salad)

meals (includi

s with a higd in the weis are sorted mulated minigit codes a

weights werea high salesket item. Tgit GP codes

the major into considerequire infors of the gooceivable wit

P codes is de in compilin

of the inde of goods froted from theed to form 1, the degree

ndustrial

0

Aw

S

Sc

meat offal

on fish,

ables

oked and

on pasta

ing frozen

gh sales sigghting share in descendnimum of 60are combinee determines significan

The result of s or combin

data userseration addirmation on ods types wth some groesired. The

ng the baske

ex of produom the year e total of 5,1,343 baskee of coverage

as pe

Amounts in 1,weighting sha

ales 2015

ales omparison

655,858

118,266

322,683

343,311

161,844

1,435,742

3,037,703

gnificance are of the indiing order by

0 % of the sd to form o

ed for the ince of its ow the selectioations of 9-d

, in particutional wishethe price d

would actualups of good special wis

et of goods.

cer prices 2015. This 208 items o

et items. Whe is approx.

er: August 2

000 Euros, are per thousa

Weighting share (‰)

Weighting share (‰)

0.64

0.12

0.32

0.34

0.16

1.41

2.98

re selected ividual 9-digy their weighsales per 4-dne basket i

ndividual 9-wn, but the son procedurdigit GP cod

ular with thes of variouevelopmentlly be too lods that a moshes of the u

of industria basket is coof the GP cl

hen adding u 84% of dom

019

and

Basket of goods 2015

X

X

X

for each 4-git GP code.hting sharesdigit code istem. This isdigit codes.share in there is a list ofes.

e specialistus groups oft in specificow to justifyore detailedusers of the

al productsomprised oflassificationup the salesmestic sales

-. s s s .

e f

t f c y d e

s f

n s s

Method

Cha

C.2

5.14 codes acodes irepresenproductsrepresen

5.15 not contrepresensales an

5.16 basket ogoods. Ithe totanext higexcludeon the G

5.17 dishes, distributbasket ooverall distribut

Table 5.

Sales sta

WZ

1085

Productio GP

1085 11

1085 12

1085 13 1085 14

1085 14

1085 19

Total

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

Consequ

At the tre included n the currented directls, and the ntative of th

Once thtained in thnts the non-nd the total o

If, for inof goods, thIn assigningl of the wei

gher level. Wd 9-digit co

GP code or o

The exahow the weted proportiof goods. Insales are inted proporti

2: Proporti

atistics

Text

Prepar

on statistics

Goods

000 Preparoffal or

000 Preparcrustac

000 Prepar 100 Farinac

precoo 300 Other p

(e.g. pr 000 Other

frozen


mples

uences for t

ime the bas in the price

ent basket oly by a basprice deveese product

he sample oe basket of -selected prof productio

nstance, onhe price devg the weightghts of the Where sevedes are disttherwise pro

ample in theeights of theionally to thn the exampncluded in ionally to the

onal assign

ed meals and

type

ed meals andr blood

ed meals aceans and moed meals andceous produoked

prepared mearepared spagprepared d

pizza)


P

he weightin

sket of good survey. Theof goods issket item. Clopment of ts.

f goods has goods are aroducts. By on again.

ly a single gvelopment o, the 9-digit sub-indiceseral 9-digit ctributed, theoportionally

e table belowe 9-digit code 9-digit codple, the threthe basket e three item

ment of the

d dishes

d dishes bas

and dishes olluscs

d dishes basects, filled, a

als and disheghetti dish, pa

ishes and

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 10

ng scheme

s is compilee overall covs 84%. ThisConsequentf the goods

s been finallassigned to these mean

goods type fof this 9-digt code is givs must alwacodes are ceir assignm

y to the weig

w shows, fodes which wdes of the saee 9-digit co of goods.

ms included i

weights to t

ed on meat,

based on

ed on vegetabalso cooked

es based on pasta salad)

meals (inclu

ndustrial

0

ed, the deciserage of dom

s means thtly, no own types cont

ly determine the group o

ns, the bask

from a givenit code is re

ven the entirys be equacontained inent to the b

ghts of the b

r the goods were not incame class oodes with t The weigh

in the baske

the basket i

Amounthousa

Sales

3,037, Weighshare

meat

fish,

bles

and

pasta

uding

as pe

sion is mademestic salesat some of prices aretained in th

ed, the weigof goods whket items cov

n 4-digit codepresentativre weight of l to the weign the samp

basket itemsasket items

class 10 85luded in thef goods whihe highest hts of the oet of goods.

tems of the

nts in 1000 Eand

2015 Weig

,703

ting Bas201

0.64

0.12 0.32

0.34

0.16

1.41 2.98

er: August 2

e as to whics attained byf the produe collected he basket o

ghts of the 9hose price dver the enti

de is an eleve of the entf the 4-digit ght of the in

ple, the weis being base.

5 – Preparede basket of ch were inclweighting s

other 9-digi

4-digit code

Euro, weightin

ghting share

2.98

ket of goods5

X

X

X

019

h 9-digit GPy the 9-digitcts are notfor specificof goods is

-digit codesevelopmentre domestic

ment of thetire class of code, sincendex on theghts of theed primarily

d meals andgoods wereluded in theshare in thet items are

e (example)

ng share per

8

s Weight in ‰

0.81

0.40

1.77 2.98

P t t c s

s t c

e f e e e y

d e e e e

Method

Cha

5.18 carried oin new aggregaprice inenterpri

5.19 down todigit corepresen

Table 5.

GP no.

10-33

10 108 1081 : 1082 : 1083 : 1084 : 1085 1085 1 1085 11 1085 11 1085 13 1085 13 1085 19 1085 19 1086 : 1089 :

. Product

D.

5.20 have besurvey icombinefrom the

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

Hence, out. The disper-thousa

tes of the wndices coulses.

The folo the basketde 10 85 wnted in the w

3: Excerpt

Ind

Produ

Produ

Food p

OtherSugar

Cocoa

Proce

Condi

PrepaPrepa

Prepa 000 Prepa Prepa 000 Prepa Other 000 Other

Homo

Other

tion value is c

Selecti

Once theen assignedtems are coed method e production


mples

once the batribution of nd weights

weighting scd provide

lowing tablet items for gwas subdividweighting sc

from the we

dex of produ

ct

ucts of manufa

products

r food producr

a, chocolate

essed tea and

iments and s

ared meals aared meals aared meals aared meals aared meals aared meals a prepared dis prepared disgenised food

food product

confidential

ion of the e

he individuad to them, tollected on aof targeted

n statistics o


P

asket of goo the non-con

s per baskeheme must indications

e is an excgoods class ded into thcheme by th

ighting sche

ucer prices oWe

acturing

cts

and sugar c

d coffee

seasonings

nd dishes nd dishes nd dishes band dishes band dishes band dishes ba

shes and meashes and mead preparation

ts n.e.c.

enterprises

al products ohe selectiona monthly b selection a

of the base y

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 10

ods has beensidered 9-det item. It be kept con as to the

cerpt from t10 85 – Pre

hree 9-digit ose three 9-

eme 2015

of industrial eighting sch

2015 = 100

confectionery

ased on meaased on meaased on vegeased on vegeals (includingals (includings and dietetic

s

of the basken of firms isbasis. The sand cut-off pyear are use

ndustrial

0

en compileddigit GP codis then invnfidential. Te sales or

he final weepared meal

GP codes. -digit GP cod

products (deme 0

y

at, meat offalat, meat offaletables etables

g frozen pizza)g frozen pizza)c food

et of goods hs made fromample of reprocedure. Td as a data

as pe

, a revision es among th

vestigated wThis is the ca

price deve

ighting schels and disheHence, the

des.

omestic ma

Wot

or blood or blood

) )

have been d which the porting unitTo this endsource in ad

er: August 2

of the fine whe basket itwhich baskease when th

elopment in

eme 2015, es. The weige 4-digit cod

rket)

Weighting shoverall index thousand

determined aprices of thts is formed, the individddition to th

019

weighting istems resultset items orhe weight orn individual

subdividedght of the 4-de 10 85 is

are in the per

772,99

102,46

19,65 1,63

5,59

.

2,42

2,98 2,98 0,81 0,81 0,40 0,40 1,77 1,77

.

3,67

and weightse individual

d by using adual results

he weighting

s s r r l

d -s

s l

a s g

Method

Cha

scheme individu

5.21 item is drespectiwhethermajor donly a concententerpriinstancereportin

5.22 of the redecidedthe proConsequthere ismethod probabithan wit

5.23 basket iselectedreportinunits.

5.24 which gmanuallthe prodsales ofconcent

5.25 codes oobserveGP code

5.26 submittefrequentsubmit senterpriit simplother haper monof the reto strikeenterpri

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

and the baual producer

In the sdetermined ve type of g

r the price dispersion wsmall numb

tration can bses besidese price surveg enterprise

After theporting firmd is the prododuction stauently, only

s much fluc in compilinlity that unith local units

The inditem. The sed than was g units sub

Conseqoods of the ly for each bduction valuf this 9-digittration for ea

The prof the basketd. The selec

es.

At the ed by an ently happensseveral pricese is to be bifies collaboand, it shounth, as othereports and te the right bse.


mples

asket of goors for all 9-di

selection ofin a first stegoods (9-didevelopmen

was seen, a ber of entebe found in s which onlyeys are con

es is determ

he number oms to be inclduction valuatistics whi

y enterprisestuation par

ng the sampform price rs sized abov

dividual dataelection is m originally dmit regular

quently, the 9-digit codebasket itemues of the st GP code aach basket i

ocedure usedt item are mction of the

same time nterprise is s that thesee reports foburdened. Toration withld be ensurrwise the efhe willingne

balance betw


P

ods. These pigit GP code

f the reportiep. The totalgit level of

nt of the baslarger numbrprises opethe steel pro

y a few smalducted withined manua

of reporting uuded in thee of the entich, howevs with a certicularly in ple. When sreports can ve this cut-o

a items are smade using determined,reports to b

selected saes of the res

m, partially aselected entas possible. tem.

d in combinmerely comb

reported un

as the sele investigatee have beenr one baske

The advantah the reported that no s

ffort this invess of the coween the nu

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 10

production ses.

ing units, thl number of GP) is decisket item exber of price erates due oduction sell enterpriseh all enterprally for each

units per ba sample is mterprises. Th

ver, excludeertain minim

small localelecting a l be submitteoff limit.

sorted in dea top-down as for sev

be able to q

ample will inspective basalso taking rterprises sh The final co

ed basket itined here, anits is based

ection is maed. Particulan selected f

et item. In thge of havinging unit in single enterolves in the

ontact persoumber of en

ndustrial

0

statistics co

he number enterprises sive here. Fxhibited stro series is usto the mar

ector. This ses have smalises in this basket item

asket item hmade in a nehe data neee local unit

mum size arl units, it mocal unit whed with con

escending o approach. A

veral sectorsuickly comp

n all eventssket item arregional asp

hould cover overage wil

tems is simiand the prodd on the sam

ade, the totarly where lafor several

his case it mg one enterporganisation

rprise is reque enterprise ons to collab

terprises an

as pe

ntain the pr

of reporting with produc

Furthermore ong dispersseful. In somket structurector is domll market shsector. The

m.

as been detext step. Theded in this ts with fewe contained

makes senshich is belostancy for a

rder by prodAs a rule, ms it makes pensate for

contain there producedpects into c as high a pl vary depen

lar; the enteduction valume criteria a

tal number arge enterpbasket itemust be decid

prise submitnal and metuested to subecomes ve

borate may bnd the numb

er: August 2

roduction va

g firms for ection for sal it must be

sion in the pme economires. Exampl

minated by sares. In thes exact numb

termined, the basis on w regard are wer than 2d in the same to apply

ow the cut-oa longer per

duction valumore reportin

sense to hany losses

e largest en. The selectonsideratiopercentage nding on th

erprises of aues of all locas with the

of price rerises are co

ms or are reded to whatt several repthodical terubmit too mery high andbe impairedber of price

019

alues of the

each baskete within the consideredpast. Whereic activities,les of sucheveral largese cases forber of price-

he selectionwhich this isprovided by

20 workers.mple. Sincethis cut-off

off limit, theiod is lower

ues for eachng units areave reserveof reporting

nterprises inion is maden. All in all,of the totale degree of

all 9-digit GPcal units arepure 9-digit

ports to beoncerned, itequested tot degree theports is thatrms. On the

many reportsd the quality. The goal is reports per

e

t e d e ,

h e r -

n s y .

e f e r

h e e g

n e , l f

P e t

e t o e t e s y s r

Method

Cha

5.27 samplinchoice. targetedproductusually s

5.28 the framused safirst steselectioprocedu

E.

5.29 final steprice rep

5.30 sales coidentifiebasket i

5.31 observeselectedbasket idefine aprice repto ensucorrespoproduct versionsproduct in the re

5.32 descriptcomprischaracte

5.33 for 1,34represen

5.34 product reportinfacilitatespecificathe price

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

Since tg-related suAs most m

d sample prion activity show simila

A fundamework of reample and cep for estabn in the cou

ure is describ

Selecti

After thep is the selepresentative

A sales onditions. Ted by a uniqtem and an

When t certain crit

d product mitem is reprea fixed prodpresentative

ure that theonds to the selected as of the good to represen

eporting unit

Once thtion of the sed of produeristics of th

The cur43 basket inted with se

An exam definition og unit’s proe unambiguation, are ae-determinin


mples

he selectionurvey errors

markets are rovides reprregardless o

ar price deve

amentally nebasing. Thicontacting tblishing conurse of the bed in Chap

ion of the p

he basket of ection of sales.

event is theThe selectioque 11-digit additional t

the reportinteria. First o

must correspesented. Thuct from its

e should have product i general ma

as the priced not includ

nt the basket.

he reporting variant of t

uct descriptihe price repr

rrent sampleitems. Som

everal price r

mple of a deon the left-h

oduct range.uous identifi

n additionang character


P

n constitute. Enterprises characterisresentative pof the firm, selopments.

ew compilais involves che newly-sentact. Existnew electioter 9 – Inde

price repres

f goods and les events b

e unit compn is made bt processingtwo-digit con

ng units maf all, the forond to the e enterprise

s product rave a major as on the mrket conditi representa

ded in the prt item on be

unit has opthe good, iion and saleresentative,

e contains 6e enterprisrepresentati

etailed deschand side o. Informationcation. The

al element. Aristics is to b

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 10

es a targetes with majosed by exteprice data aso that the i

tion of the comparing telected firming reportin

on are releaex calculatio

sentatives

the sampley the report

rised of preby the repog number. Tnsecutive nu

ake their sermal guideliposition in

e hence usenge which h

and stable smarket for ons of this

ative in the rice observaehalf of all g

pted for a spincluding ines condition to which the

6,800 reportes only repives, either f

cription of aof the specifn on article sales condA more detabe found in

ndustrial

0

d sample, nor market sigensive transas a rule. Cindividual lo

sample of rthe current rs. A decisiong units whsed from thn.

e of reportining units. Th

cise producorting enterpThis numberumber.

election of ines must bthe goods cs the 9-digithas to be psales significa longer pgroup of go sample sh

ation. Consegoods from t

pecific salesnformation ons constitute reported p

ing firms whport a singlfor one or fo

sales eventfication prov numbers, pitions, indicailed discusChapter 6 –

as pe

no statemengnificance asparency anhanges usuocal units w

reporting unreporting un

on sent to thhich were nheir obligatio

g units havehese sales e

t specificatiprise. Each r consists o

price repree complied classificatiot GP positiorecisely specance withineriod and ods. The pr

hould be repquently, thethe same 9-d

event, this on the salees the so-ca

price applies

hich report ale price ser

or several ba

t is shown ivides for a product descated on thesion of the Data collec

er: August 2

nts can be are selectednd free comually concern

within a mark

nits only taknits with thehese enterpnot re-incluon to report

e been deteevents are re

ion and speprice repref the nine d

esentatives, with. For in

on system bon of the basecified. In an the enterpits price d

rice developpresentative

e aim is for tdigit GP cod

is followed es conditionalled price-ds.

a total of 10ries, whilst

asket items.

n the figureclear attribu

signations ae right-hand individual e

ction.

019

made as to in the final

mpetition, an the entireket segment

kes place ine previouslyprises is theuded in thet. The exact

ermined, theeferred to as

cification ofsentative is

digits of the

they mustnstance, they which thesket item toddition, the

prise. This isevelopmentment of thee of similarthe selectedde produced

by an exactns. The unitdetermining

0,100 prices others are

e below. Theution to thend versions side of theelements of

o l

a e t

n y e e t

e s

f s e

t e e o e s t e r

d d

t t g

s e

e e s e f

Method

Cha

Figure 5

F.

5.35 fundamereportinconditio

5.36 German sampleschangesthe calcweightincomposcorrectiorepresen

Sugaincluin 50

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

.3 Example

Dealing

Just as ental revisiog units and

ons and stru

In strict producer ps used. Hos take placeculation hasng scheme aition of the ons violate ntativeness

Firma XY-GmbH Hauptstr. 10 12345 Wiesb

ar, refined, categuding packaging su0kg-bags


mples

e of a compl

g with chan

the weightion in each r of the pricectural shifts

tly theoreticprice statistiwever, the

e within the s to be adjuand the bassample of re the Laspey in the index

baden

gory 1, urcharge,


P

eted price s

nges

ng scheme ebasing. The representas are taken in

cal terms, tics are basetheoretical

five-year tersted. The thket of good

eporting uniyres concepx calculation

r Prices of Inket)

Page 9 of 10

survey sheet

(cf. Chaptere regular up

atives takes nto conside

he index coed, requires constancy rm of a basehings that dds. However,its and the spt, they guns.

Chri

Tel.: Fax: chris

ndustrial

0

t

r 4), the indpdate of the place everyration in the

oncept accos constancy required ie period so

definitely do, ongoing coselection of uarantee a

ista Musterm

01010/1000-20 01010/1000-99

sta.mustermann@

M

Ra

Ex

Pa

50

At

8

as pe

ividual sam basket of g

y five years. e rebasings.

ording to La both in thes not feasithat the orig not change

orrections arprice represlargely cons

mann

@firma.de

anufacturer

ail freight

x factory

aper

0 kg

t least 10 but not

to 10 days witho

er: August 2

ples are subgoods, of th Changes to

aspeyres, one weightingible in pracginally-define in this pere made as

sentatives. Esistently hi

t more than 20 t

out rebate

019

bjected to ae sample of

o the market

n which theg and in thectice. Manyned basis ofriod are the regards the

Even if thesegh level of

ons

a f t

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Method

Cha

5.37 loss of areports. the prodreports individustructurasituationsection

5.38 of the mmarket winfluencrapidly,

5.39 Howeverepresenaccorda

5.40 deliberaof the prunit if attaken hecontradihas gainexchangcarried changes

5.41 raw matinnovatitechnolo

dical Guide oPr

apter 5 - Sam

Changea complete Consequenduction statare incorpo

ual reportingal change. ns are accoD.

Frequenmarket and ra

whose signice this trend it should be

In Germr, in the fntatives is vnce with the

An excately. If the oroduct becot all possiblere to ensuristinction toned significage. In this cout with th

s).

The staterials in paion potentogical progr


mples

es may occu reporting u

ntly, a replactistics. Nextorated in thg units areBy these

ounted for.

nt changes apid reactioficance incr

d. If the mare considered

man practiceframework overified on ae survey gui

hange of told product iomes imperale. This is dore that the n

o enforced reance as a foase, both phe aid of a

ability of thearticular, asial, show ess require


P

r for variousunit is possicement is loo, a decisione next calc

e deliberatemeans, theThe proced

are seen wins to chang

reases rapidket significad in the inde

e, no changof the reguan ongoing delines.

he price reis no longer

ative. In this one using thnew price reeplacementsollow-up proroducts are

appropriate

e samples vas well as se

extensive more freque

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 10

s reasons wble. In this oked for usi

n is sent to culation. Seely exchange changed ure used to

th the priceging demand

ly. New techance of a neex.

ges are madular price s basis. The

epresentativr produced o case, a rep

he procedureepresentativs, deliberateoduct or a n classified wquality cor

aries widelyemi-finished

constancy,ent adjustme

ndustrial

0

within the sa case it is nng the mostthis replacecondly, in a

ged, especiaframework

o select a n

e representad, new produhnologies anew product,

e to the basurvey, the reporting u

ves can be or has lost itlacement is e described e is classifiee replacemenew model awithin the srrection pro

y among the goods and, product ents.

as pe

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019

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6. Data A. B. C. D. E. F. A.

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on the 15th.hat no new earned on

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items of the recorded ong firm and ds descripti

019

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C.2

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Table 6.

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Type of

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Quantit

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Page 3 of 15

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essential ucts is provi is to descri

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019

qualitativeided on thebe the price

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C.4

6.16 the fram– and hanother

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6.18 items. Swith a frequentreportinfor whicunit. Alschangeslike oveproduct

6.19 list price

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6.22 informatcontact on the rpersons

dical Guide oPr

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Figure 6

6.23 specificamonth (report thmake su

6.24 to be repselectiodescriptthe chosthe descthe salejudging input fieis also developwhether

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

.1 Start te

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uestionnaire

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019

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escription oftant for therter finds anonth before

pecial priceay be stated

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Method

Chapte

Figure 6

6.25 entered with “Yebecomethe newthe prev

6.26 their nam

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6.28 online qdetailedcomplet

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6.30 statutoryFurthermprovide disclose

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er 6 – Data c

.2 Templat

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019

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6.31 need to passed manuallthe infoFederal

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6.37 online re

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In addit is also use

nally to norned from the observatio

s required by

Data ve

Have al

The datvia the InteStatistical O

me time, a cher has failed

nd the missied as tempo

Plausib

Individu

The conion must bewithin the ply, the deveroup of sim is dealt with

The indon. It is primle. In the ately. Whenately on rece

It is addeasons for a

report to t when the p

me in an indi


collection

ports do notso early.

he online inrocessed.

ative method

tion to direced for some rmal questihe internet. on in the sey law are an

erification

ll reports be

ta collectionrnet. An ini

Office. It is vheck is carried to submit ng price incrarily missin

bility

ual datasets

ntent logic o made here

price series. elopment of milar produch in section

dividual datamarily examin

event of evn the goodeipt of the p

ditionally exny price chahe process

price reportsividual serie


P

arrive until

nformation i

ds

ct price colle goods grouoning for aFurthermore

ector of powalysed. Data

een filed and

n is implemitial examinverified hereed out as to his/her repo

cluded. If it ing (cf. sectio

s

of the repor between tw To this end the price rets. The precE.2.2.

asets are chned here whvidently ims descriptiorice report w

xamined whanges. By lisor, conspic

s are first pres of prices,

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 15

l that date s

is received

ections fromups. Stock ea number oe some mor

wer supply tha from other

d are they co

mented on aation of thee whether a whether theort, the repois nevertheleon F.1.1).

rted price iswo different d, the informepresentativcise method

hecked whehether the emplausible don or saleswhether all t

hether the resting the pricuous develrocessed. If it must be

ndustrial

5

since the pri

at the Fede

m the enterpexchange prof collectionre prices arehe publicatir price statis

omplete?

reference de price repoall the necese entirety oforting unit isess not poss

s examined stages. First

mation of theves is to be d employed

en the repormerging pricdata, the res conditionthe informat

eporting unice reports olopments wextraordinaclarified wh

as pe

ces are freq

eral Statistic

rises, price rices are usn items whe searched oons of price

stics are also

date basis aorts receivessary data hf price reports contacted sible to asce

when chectly, the repoe individual considered in examini

rts are transce change aeporting uns have chation is comp

ts have madf the last mo

which come ry price chaether chang

er: August 2

quently not

cal Office, t

informationed as an al

hich as a ronline. For ees of the grio used as a

as per the 1d is carriedhave been prts has been by telephonertain a curr

cking the plaorted price ml datasets isd in the framng the price

sferred fromnd any reas

nit must beanged, it is

plete.

de remarks onths toget to notice

anges have ges have tak

019

available in

he reported

n from otherlternative orrule can beexample ford operatorssource.

15th of eachd out at theprovided. At received. If

ne, e-mail orrent price, it

ausibility. Amust appears examined.mework of ae reports in

m the onlineon stated is

e contacteds examined

with regardher with theare alreadytaken placeken place in

n

d

r r e r s

h e t f r t

A r .

a n

e s d d

d e y e n

Method

Chapte

the spedescriptable to determitelephon

6.44 proceduChapter discuss

6.45 these archecks tprice reused in

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

cification otion or the s evaluate thne the amone by the st

If the ures must ber 7 – Qualit the various

If reasore allotted ato the reportport and th Germany.


collection

r whether tales conditihe change. ount of theaff of the Fe

price-determe applied forty changes methods us

ons leading tan establishts and any a

he implemen


P

these are pions, querie These are price purederal Statist

mining char quality corand Chaptesed here.

to price andhed code whadjustmentsnted measu

r Prices of Inket)

Page 9 of 15

pure price cs may have necessary

e change. Ttical Office.

racteristics rrection in orer 8 – Produ

d/or quality chich is inpus easier, andures is guar

ndustrial

5

changes. If to be madeif the infor

The reportin

for a pricerder to deteruct replacem

changes aret into the d

d a uniform nranteed. The

as pe

changes tak to the repo

rmation is ig units are

e report harmine the pument and in

e noted in thata stock. T

notation of te following

er: August 2

ke place inorting unit ininsufficient e usually co

ave changeure price denclusion of

he price colleThis makes the particulatwo-digit co

019

n the goodsn order to be

in order toontacted by

ed, suitablevelopment . new goods

ection form,subsequent

arities of theode level is

s e o y

e . s

, t e s

Method

Chapte

Table 6.

Real pri

Wag

Mate

Mar

Ope

Stoc

Spec

Othe

No r

Change

Cha

Cha

Both

Change

Cha

Cha

Cha

6.46 processit easierand imp

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

2: Identifie

ice change be

ge (staffing) c

erial

ket situation

rating costs (

ck market quo

cial offer

er

reason

ed goods desc

nged goods d

nged contrac

h goods desc

ed goods desc

nged goods d

nged contrac

nged goods d

The woes a specifir to estimat

plausibilities


collection

ers for reaso

ecause of …

osts

(e.g. energy c

otation

cription with

description

ctual conditio

ription and c

cription/sale

description a

ctual conditio

description/ c

rk plan choc goods gro

te special ds occurring.


P

ns for price

costs, adminis

out price cha

ns

ontractual co

es conditions

nd changed w

Spe

Oth

ns and chang

Spe

Oth

contractual co

Spe

Oth

sen in the Fup, and henevelopment

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 1

changes

strative costs

ange as again

onditions cha

plus price ch

wage (staffing

Mate

Mark

Oper

ecial offer

er

ged wage (sta

Mate

Mark

Oper

ecial offer

er

onditions and

Mate

Mark

Ope

ecial offer

her

Federal Statnce obtains ts and to ta

ndustrial

5

s)

nst previous m

nged

hange as aga

g) costs

erial costs

ket situation

rating costs

affing) costs

erial costs

ket situation

rating costs

d changed st

erial costs

ket situation

rating costs

istical Office specialist kke a profes

as pe

month (100%

inst previous

affing costs

e provides tknowledge osional appr

er: August 2

E

E

% quality) Q

Q

s month (

W

V

X

that each stof this area. roach towar

019

E

E

P

M

L

K

B

S

U

O

Q

Q

W

V

X

(WVX)

W

P

M

L

K

S

U

V

P

M

L

K

S

U

X

P

M

L

K

S

U

taff member This makesds the data

r s a

Method

Chapte

E.2.2

6.47 context,basket individucarried several discretiothe latte

Table 6.

Descript

Prelimin

Price an

If the prreason m

The chathresho

6.48 observechangesprice repboth of error. Threleasedreport frwhetherthe reasthe avereach indcan the

E.3

6.49 examineobservechange productconside

6.50 reasonsconsult the prod

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

Dataset

The sec, only takes item are co

ual price repout by the rules which

onary and oer always ne

3: Excerpt

tion

nary price rep

d “data miss

rice in the cumust be state

ange of the ld.

Error md and no id

s are only pport may be the price an

he reason fod. A discretirom the thrr the price reson for the crage changedividual erro data be rele

Procedu

Unusuaed whether d within thhas taken s of this grored as a rea

The firs stated by

the reportinduct specific


collection

ts in context

cond step in place after ompared anorts lead to responsibleh automatic

obligatory ercessitate an

from the pla

orting may be

sing” code ca

urrent monthed for the pric

measureme

essages ocdentifiers areprescribed w

correct andnd of a reasor a lackingonary error,

reshold thateport is corrchange muse to the basor message eased and th

ure with imp

al price chanthese change basket iteplace in thioup, various

al price deve

t step in chethe reportin

ng unit. It mcations and


P

t

n the data v all individund automat an error mee officials ocally lead trrors, the forn adjustmen

ausibility rul

e submitted f

nnot both be

and the pricce change.

ent as again

cur automae noted for p

with the oblid the reporteon for a chag price mus by contrast

t has been rect, whilst ist be added.sket item ishas been pr

he index calc

plausibilitie

nges over timges are withems with als sector. If s possible clopment in t

ecking the cng unit. If thust also be whether adj

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 1

verification,ual price repically exam

essage makiof the Fedeto notificatirmer not nec

nt.

les for datas

for a maximu

e empty.

ce in the pre

nst the prev

tically with price changigatory errorsed price is inange is namst definitely t, is defineddeterminedit is possibl. The thresh

s determinedrocessed thculation tak

es

me are uncohin a comprll price repr the price ccauses are the index.

causes with hese are no clarified hejustments to

ndustrial

5

, namely veports have b

ined here fing it necessral Statisticon. There icessarily ma

sets in conte

m of 12 mont

evious month

ious month

all price see reasons. Cs. If the dev

nput into theed in the ta be identifie as an exce in advancee that an er

hold for devid for this forough an ad

kes place.

overed with rehensible raresentativeshange is unexamined c

noticeable dot available ere whether o the report

as pe

rification ofeen receivefor specific sary for indival Office. Ts a need taking proces

ext

ths.

h are not iden

exceeds a

eries with whCorrections oviation is a e further indble as an exed, otherwisssive deviate. In this carror has occuiations of a

or each 2-didjustment or

the aid of thange or not

s, it is presunusual in coonsecutivel

deviations c or are uncthe price reare required

er: August 2

f the individed. The price criteria. Devidual proce

The table beo distinguisssing neces

Disobl

Ob

Ob

ntical, a Ob

defined Dis

hich deviatiof prices or discretionarex calculatioxample of ase the datation of the case, it musturred or info price reporgit GP coder by identify

he plausibilt. If similar cumed that omparison tly before th

consists of clear, it is nport has chd.

019

dual data ine series of aeviations inessing to beelow showssh betweenssary, whilst

scretionary/ ligatory error

ligatory

ligatory

ligatory

scretionary

ions can be reasons forry error, theon. The lack

an obligatorya cannot becurrent price be verifiedormation ont as against

e. Only afterying reasons

ity test. It ischanges area real priceto the othere change is

hecking theecessary toanged as to

n a n e s n t

e r e k y e e d n t r s

s e e r s

e o o

Method

Chapte

6.51 companreal pricprice chprice chmay notChapter adjustm

6.52 in the automatthe bougroup cabe takenwithin th

6.53 the evenwithin particulaprocess changes

6.54 correctio

F.

F.1

6.55 represenentire re

6.56 distingusection section

F.1.1

6.57 it is conreport aprices bcomplet

6.58 with sui

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

Often cny reasons, sce changes ange may bange must bt be reasoner 7 – Quality

ments.

Certain German protically becomndaries for ean be norman into accouhe interval b

The assnt of implauthe producarities of th the price res, which are

All impon is require

Particu

Missing

It can hntatives in teporting unit

In ordeuished in a f

contains aF.1.2 deals

Tempor

Tempornceivable thany prices fo

ecause of hte reporting

If data itable extrap


collection

changes in tsuch as a chwhich muste caused bybe sub-divided by a quay changes w

intervals fooducer pricmes necesseach producal, whilst th

unt that it is boundaries.

sessment causibilities, sct group. Fhe individueports. The then consid

lausibilitiesed.

ularities

g data

happen withthe current pts are missin

er to determfirst step wha detailed dwith perman

rarily-missin

rarily-missinat no contra

or this sale oliday or int

firm.

are missingpolation ind


P

the prices change to thet also be iny a change tded into a qality deviatiowill deal wit

or plausible ce statisticsary to checkct group are is can be canot possible

arried out bysince they cFor this reaal goods ggoal with pl

dered in the

must be cla

h data colleperiod undeng.

mine the furthether the dadiscussion onently-missi

ng data

ng responsesacts were coevent. It is ternal probl

g only tempodicators; the

r Prices of Inket)

Page 12 of 1

can be explae wage, matput as they

to the goodsuality and aon; the indeth the spec

price changs; and whek the data an separately ategorised ae by these m

y the staff acan best estason, prodroups are dlausibilisati calculation

arified prior

ction that ner report. It i

ther procedata are missof how teming data.

s can have aoncluded inalso conceiems. In this

orarily, the e price repo

ndustrial

5

ained by spterial or eney are into ths descriptiona price compex only depcific possibi

ges are deteren the intend to consudefined sincas unusual wmeans to rec

at the Federtimate the muct speciadeployed inon is ultima of the index

r to release

no price repis possible

ure when rsing tempor

mporarily-mis

a variety of c the month,ivable that ts case, data

missing pricrt or the rep

as pe

ecial markergy costs. In

he price inden or the saleponent. A chicts pure prlities and p

rmined fromrval boundlt the reportce a small chwith other pcognise erro

al Statisticamarket and lists who

n the Federately only to x and input i

of the data

orts are rechere that in

esponses ararily or permssing data

causes. If it , and hencethe enterprimay be mis

ces in this pporting unit

er: August 2

et situationsn such caseex. On the

es conditionhange in therice changes

particularitie

m one periodaries are e

ting units. Nhange in the

products. It neous data

al Office is i the specialare familia

ral Statistica filter out thinto the ove

so that no

ceived for spdividual pri

are missing,manently. Th

are dealt w

is a single pe it was not se does no

ssing tempo

period are e certainly re

019

s or internals, these areother hand,s. Then, the price indexs . The nexts of quality

d to the nextexceeded itonetheless,e prices in ashould also to be found

mportant inl conditions

ar with theal Office to

he real priceerall index.

subsequent

pecific pricece series or

it must behe followingwith, whilst

price series, possible tot report anyrarily from a

extrapolatedmain in the

l e , e x t y

t t ,

a o d

n s e o e

t

e r

e g t

, o y a

d e

Method

Chapte

sample.Office oknowledfor indivpossible

6.59 of tempperiod cmakes scontractextrapoldevelopincreaseused aschangesEqually,presumecompetibeing resufficien6-digit Gincorporthe actu

F.1.2

6.60 Here toobeing mabroad o

6.61 enterprithe samfor replatake qudata deunit is replacemperiods,for the c

6.62 this pricthe samsuccesscontingegoods. Tnew prochained

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

Various mopts for onedge on markvidual pricee to estimate

If it is nporarily-misscan be adopsense if no t. The probalation meth

ped in a sime for the mis an indicatos in price rep the averaged here thition situatio

eceived for tnt, one may GP code or rated in the

ual report fro

Perman

In addio, one shou

missing. Lossor if the ente

If the rese to replac

me goods typacement areite some timlivery of thimissing tem

ment firm ca, or the pricechange in th

If an ince represent

mple and to sor models oent on the nThe price se

oduct. As sod with the o


collection

ethods are e of these ket conditioe representae a price wh

ot possible sing data thpted, or thisnew contra

ability that thod, by conmilar manneissing price or. The pricepresentativege price deat goods oon. This mehis basket it use the perof the 4-dig further inde

om this poin

nently-missi

tion to temuld distinguses of entireerprise goes

eporting unitce it. It is impe so that a e selected acme since cos new repomporarily. Tan be recruite developmee missing p

dividual pritative. Firstly find a replaor other suitew product

eries is extroon as first ld one with


P

available fpossibilitie

ns and prodatives to coich can be a

even with that can be as can be excts were cohe price ha

ntrast, it is r to the ext series is use developmees which areevelopment of the samthod is howtem. If the ncentage pricgit GP codeex calculatiot replaces th

ng data

porarily-misuish betweee reporting us bankrupt.

t is missing mportant heprice repres

ccording to tntact with arting unit, thThis meansted. To this ents of the brice series.

ice series isy, an attempacement wittable produ correspondapolated fo prices of th the aid of o

r Prices of Inket)

Page 13 of 1

for the extraes. As prodducts. It is fnsult the spachieved on

he aid of theachieved onxtrapolated oncluded in s remained presumed trapolation sed. Anotheents within e similar in tof the bas

me goods tywever conditnumber of prce developme. The price on. If a new he values ca

ssing data, ten the reporunits are ob

permanentlere that the sentative of the principlea new enterhe prices ar

s that the lend, either basket item

s missing pept should bthin the repct variants. ing to the re

or the transithe new serioverlap pric

ndustrial

5

apolation; tuct specialfrequently apecialist of the market

e reporting un the markeusing suitab the collecti constant is that the pindicator seer price repa reporting terms of theket item caype show tional on anrice represe

ment of a hig ascertained price repor

alculated via

there may arting unit be

bserved, for

ly, the Federreplacemen

the basket es describedrprise must re extrapolalast-reportedthe unchang or of a high

ermanently,e made to r

porting unit. Replacing aespective bational perioes are repo

cing. To this

as pe

the staff of ists, they clso helpful the price-re

.

unit to ascert, either theble indicatoon period,

s very high iprice of theelected whoort of the sunit are freq

e goods systan be usedsimilar pric adequate nntatives with

gher aggregad with the at of the prod

a the extrapo

also be permeing missininstance if p

ral Statisticant enterpriseitem can bed in Chapterfirst be esta

ated, similard prices areged price is

her aggregat

a replacemretain the ex The report

a product wiasket item ind until the

orted, the nes end, it is n

er: August 2

the Federacan make uwhen data eporting un

rtain a pricee price of th

ors. The firstor if it is a n such case

e missing pose average same enterpquently simtem can be

d as an indce developmnumber of phin a baskeate – for insaid of the induct is avaiolation meth

manently-mng and the production

al Office looke produces e found. Repr 5 – Sampleablished. Ur to when thre extrapola adopted fote are used a

ment must bxisting repoing unit freqithin a repo

n terms of thfirst price reew price senecessary fo

019

l Statisticaluse of theirare missingit, and it is

e in the casehe previoust possibilitylonger-term

es. With theproduct has percentage

prise can beilar, so thattransferred.icator. It is

ments in aprice reportst item is nottance of thendicators islable again,hod.

issing data.price seriesis relocated

ks for a newproducts of

porting unitses. This mayntil the firsthe reportingated until ar the furtheras the basis

be found forrting unit inquently hasrting unit is

he system ofeport of the

eries can beor prices for

l r g s

e s y

m e s e e t . s a s t e s ,

. s d

w f s y t g a r s

r n s s f e e r

Method

Chapte

both prregardedproceduunit is unew repthe furth

6.63 basket current within thimmedia

6.64 price securrent m

F.2

6.65 include considetempora

6.66 all to behere, amthe begicases. T

6.67 prices, mfluctuatiavailablavailabl

6.68 season ongoingand t1+1overall pelementevaluateexcludereal pricdifferen

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

oducts to bd as constit

ure in overlaunable to finorting unit.

her procedu

In ordeitems for wcalculation he basket iteately.

In geneeries or repomarket situa

Treatme

Particul products thrable price

arily-missing

In the ce found in thmongst otheinning of th

The prices fa

Price chmeaning thions. The pe; price chae on the ma

The folstarts in pe

g season is 12; the lastprice changt (pQ) and ae the qualitd from the r

ce change isce of the pro


collection

be availabletuting a qua

ap pricing annd a replace Until this hare is identic

r to make it which a mon

of the indexem are lost,

eral terms, aorting unitsation and th

ent of seaso

larities in thhe main salfluctuations

g data which

context of thhe clothing

er things. The season; n

all over time

hanges of aat the price

prices for thanges are harket once m

lowing figureriod t1. Thedetermined

t observed e p of p12-a price elemty differencreported pris calculated oduct of the


P

e in one peality differennd other posement prodas been founal with that

easier to renthly price rx, but they c these reser

an increasin, can be reat it makes

onal product

he data coles time of ws over the yh can be obs

e producer sphere. Batese productew product until the wa

a fixed baske changes ohis are extrhence not dmore.

re shows the prices grad

in t1+6. Thprice is extr-p6 is observent pure ane of the prce of t1+12 from the di new as aga

r Prices of Inket)

Page 14 of 1

eriod. The pnce. Chaptessibilities touct for the mnd, the price followed if a

eplace lost preport takescan be integrve reports c

ng number ogarded as a sense to re-

ts

llection can which is wityear. Seasoserved regul

price statistthing fashiots are chara lines and n

arehouse sto

ket are portrof seasonal rapolated inepicted unt

he typical pdually fall ine product irapolated uved at this td simple (roduct betw in order to ifference be

ainst the old

ndustrial

5

price differeer 7 – Qualo deal with missing price reports fora complete r

price series, s place. Thegrated at shocan be incor

of data lossa sign that -establish th

be observethin a limitenal productlarly each ye

tics, examplon items andcterised by

new designsocks are sold

rayed when products a

n the periotil the next

rice developn the follows not manu

until the nextime which pE). To this e

ween the peobtain a pritween p12 a season.

as pe

nce betweeity changes changes in ce series, it r the producreporting un

there are reese reports ort notice. Ifporated into

es, regardlethe basket

he samples b

ed with seaed period, os are freque

ear in a simil

les of seasod winter coaprices which

s are introdud off at the e

calculatingre also to bd during wseason as s

pment of a wing periods

factured in xt price repomust be su

end it is neceriods t1 ance that is cond p6, minu

er: August 2

en the two s discusses quality. If th is necessar

ct are also exnit is lost.

eserve series are not inpf individual o the further

ess of whetht no longer by rebasing

asonal prodor which areently a spelar manner.

onal productats could beh are freque

uced every yend of the s

g the index be input wit

which a prosoon as the

seasonal ps; the last p the time beort in perio

ubdivided incessary to asnd t1+12. Tomparable w

us the evalua

019

products isthe precise

he reportingry to seek axtrapolated;

s for severalput into theprice series

r calculation

her they arereflects the.

ucts. Thesee subject tocial case of

ts are abovee mentionedently high atyear in mosteason.

of producerth their realduct is not

e product is

product. Theprice for theetween t1+6d t1+12. Anto a quality

scertain andThis is thenwith p6. Theated quality

s e g a ;

l e s n

e e

e o f

e d t t

r l t s

e e 6 n y d n e y

Method

Chapte

Figure 6

6.69 thereforWith clodesign athe startcomparato meas

6.70 extrapolnext seareal pric

p6

p1

p1

dical Guide oPr

er 6 – Data c

.3

In ordere be first of othing, for inand style, cot of each seable. This is

sure the qua

In praclated unchaason, the rece change is

Price

6

12

1


collection

Treatme

er to ascertaf all clarifiednstance, theorresponds teason must s contingentlity share of

ctice, the anged at theegistered pri included in

Pric

t1


P

nt of season

ain the right whether or

e question ato a change be ascertain on precise

f a change.

usual procee end of the ice change the index c

e developm

t

r Prices of Inket)

Page 15 of 1

nal products

t way to der not the gooarises of wh in quality. Dned and eva product spe

edure with season; if tis sub-divid

calculation.

ment in sea

t1+6

∆pQ

∆pE

ndustrial

5

s

al with prodods are of thether a newDifferences aluated in oecifications

seasonal the new pro

ded into a q

asonal prod

t1+1

Q

E

as pe

ducts outsidhe same quaw fashion lin

between therder to makebeing availa

clothing isducts appeauality and a

ducts

12

∆p

er: August 2

de the seasality in the nne, entailinge individual

ke the two pable in orde

s that the ar on the ma price com

Ti

019

son, it mustnext season.g changes in products atroduct lines

er to be able

prices arearket in theponent; the

ime

t .

n t s e

e e e

Method

Chapte

7. Qua A. B. C. A.

7.1 the conperiod arepresencalculat

7.2 that thespecificanominalboth the

7.3 change

7.4 index si

7.5 high deproductsfor with time.

7.6 of produproductbe obseFirstly, twhilst, sto reasopossibil

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

ality chan

IntroduAdjustmWhen d

Introdu

To ascetext of the are providentatives areed from the

The price products ation and thl price chane price chan

The rep(pE) and a

[Formul

With

It is vitance this onl

In selecegree of reps over a lon which, whe

Changeucts. This is ion methodserved continhe reportingsecondly, coons for the lities to adju


y changes

ges

uction ment methdoes which

uction

ertain the inddata collecd to the Fee then inp prices obse

ce index is tare compa

he sales coge (meaningge and the c

ported price quality chan

la 7.1]

p : obs

Ep : realdete

Qp : pric

al here that y reflects th

cting the pripresentativenger period ere possible

es in quality for instancs or changesnually, musg firms reporonsiderable deviations.ust to quality


P

ods with quh method m

dex of the pction for defederal Statisut into the

erved in com

to depict a rarable, meanditions. Wg the price dchanged qua

change (p)nge (pQ), a

Epp

served price

l price chaermining ch

ce change ca

a change in e pure price

ce represenness, that tand are pro, no change

must nonee due to thes in customest be recogrt changes in price chang. Dependingy are applied

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 11

uality chanmake sense

roducer pricfined sales stical Office

e index calmparison to t

real price chaning that n

When price-ddifference bality.

) can be subnd can be p

Qp

change betw

ange betwaracteristics

aused by a q

the quality e change.

ntatives, thethe selecte

oduced at a es to the pro

theless be ae introductioers’ tastes o

gnised and n the produ

ges lead to eg on the nad.

ndustrial

1

nges e?

ces of indus events, thee. The measlculation. Tthe price of

ange over tino change

determining etween the

b-divided intortrayed by

ween two pe

ween two ps quality chan

of the produ

reporting ud sales eve similar quaoduct specif

accommodaon of new por in fashion

accommodact specificatenquiries beature of the

as pe

trial produce prices cursurements ohe individuthe base pe

me. It must has taken characterist

new and ol

to two eleme the followin

eriods

periods wit

ge between

uct may not

units are to eents are incality. Producfications are

ated over timroducts, to . These quaated when tions directlyeing made toe change, va

er: August 2

cts (domestirrently achieof the indiv

ual measureeriod.

t be ensured place in ttics have chd sales eve

ents, that isng formula.

th compar

two periods

lead to a ch

ensure, in acluded in thcts are theree to be antic

me with a lanew technolity changescalculating

ly in the mono the reportarious proc

019

12

10

c market) ineved in thevidual priceements are

d to this endthe producthanged, thents) reflects

s a real price

able price-

s

hange in the

ddition to ahe range ofefore lookedcipated over

arge numberologies, news, which can

g the index.nthly report,ing firms asedures and

2 0

n e e e

d t e s

e

-

e

a f

d r

r w n . , s d

Method

Chapte

7.7 specificaspecificaconditiochange charactevolume

7.8 events. product Statisticadjustmof data collectio

7.9 specificaseries. Dvarious rules anunits ma

B.

B.1

7.10 aid of wcomponchange reported

7.11 technicaspecificasales evcomparibe regarprices bmonth’sin the bthe basprevious

7.12 producecomparabase pri

1 In the e

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

A precoation for eaations may

ons. Examplein the mat

eristics of thsold or in th

The proWith each t or of the sa

cal Office. Thments are to

have beenon).

This chations in thDifferent postypes as tod requireme

akes sense.

Adjust

Overvie

Variouswhich a subnent. A chan

in quality. Td change ind

Quality al point of vation. The cvent had obing this pricrded as a q

by the markes price. This ase period i

se price, thes month.

The exed in period able previouice of the pr

example: p0 (


y changes

ondition forach individu be due eithes of the forterial compohe products.he freight ba

oduct speciftype of chanales conditiohere it is debe impleme

n compiled

hapter adde sample, assibilities of how they cents as to w

ment meth

ew

s methods ob-division cange in the pThis sub-divdividually.

correction view by asccomparable btained, or e with the pualitative coet. A fictitio states at wif it had unde comparab

ample in th t3, whilst prus month’s roduct A2 in

(A2) = 14/11


P

r the recogual price reher to chanrmer would bosition with. Changes in

asis for the tr

fications arenge in the sons, it is a mecided in eaented. This c

for the var

resses the and the conf quality adjcan be used

with what pri

ods with q

of quality coan be maderice index mvision is freq

in the Germertaining a previous mwould haverice report o

omponent sus base prihat price th

dergone the ble previous

he followingrice reports fprice in peri period t0 by

0*100 = 12.7

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 11

gnition of chepresentativges in the be an increa

h clothing. Tn the sales cransaction o

e determinedspecificationmatter for thach individucannot take rious items

various wnsequences ustment are

d sensibly. Cce changes

uality chan

orrection aree of the nommay only be quently diff

man produce comparableonth’s price

e obtained, of the originsince both pce is calcule qualitativ same prices month’s p

g table depfor product Aiod t2 is usey dividing by

73

ndustrial

1

hanges in te. In genergoods descase in the enThese are tconditions iobserved.

d by the repns, regardlese reporting

ual case acc place in ma of the goo

ways to dea for the meae shown, anChapter 6 – an enquiry

nges

e used in theminal price caused by

ficult and m

er price state previous me is understo

on the maral product, t

product variaated with thely-changed

e changes asprice is div

picts this mA2 can be a

ed for produy the measu

as pe

the quality al terms, chription or tongine powertherefore chnclude for in

porting firmsss of whethunits to rep

cording to wany cases unods basket

al with chaasurements d then exam Data collecand clarifica

e producer pchange intoa pure priceakes it nece

tistics is camonth’s pricood to be thrket in the the differencations were he aid of thd product wos the originaided by the

method. Proscertained ict A2 in ord

urement of p

er: August 2

is a detailhanges in to changes ir of a motor hanges to tnstance cha

s for the seler it is a ch

port them to which procedntil the indiv(cf. Chapte

anges in t of the indiv

mples are shction dealt wation with th

price statisto a price ane change, aessary to pr

rried out froce for the nhe price whprevious pece between accepted ae comparabould have bal product. Te measurem

oduct A1 isin periods t2

der to obtainproduct A1 i

019

led productthe productin the sales vehicle or ahe physicalanges in the

lected salesange of the the Federaldure qualityvidual itemser 6 – Data

he productvidual price

hown for thewith specialhe reporting

ics with thend a qualitynd not by arocess each

om a purelynew productich the new

eriod. When the two cant the stated

ble previousbeen offeredTo calculatement of the

s no longer2 and t3. Then a fictitiousn period t2

1.

t t s a l

e

s e l y s a

t e e l

g

e y a h

y t

w n n d s d e e

r e s .

Method

Chapte

The meawith pro

Table 7.

Period

Product

Product

7.13 on the qthem mavailablcorrectiofrom thecases.

7.14 price difa real pra sub-di

B.2

7.15 comparimeans fperiod tbe undepreviouswithout

Tabl

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

7.16 one pric

2 The com

case.

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

asurement ioduct A2 in p

1: Price

Price

t A1 10

t A2 12.73

The comquality corre

makes sensee. Also the on method. e market, a

When cfference p rice elementivision with

Direct p

The firsison. This sfor the exam2 to product

erstood as asly impleme there being

le 7.2: Direc

roduct A

roduct B

rement produ

In the ece series dep

mparable pre


y changes

in period t3 period t0 is t

e series with

t0

Measureme

1

1

mparable prection methoe in each in flexibility o If a new procombination

comparing th is to be subt (pE). It is pQ0 and

price compa

st possibilitimplifies by

mple in the t B in perioda complete rented witho

g an interrup

ct price com

uct A/B

example in tpicting a qua

evious month


P

for product he price asc

h quality cha

ent Price

00 10

00

revious monod used. Thendividual caf the marke

oduct is launn of quality

he price repob-divided fronecessary topE0.

rison

ty to sub-dy presuming table below

d t3 corresporeplacementout adjustmtion in the p

mparison

t0

10

(10)

100

the table, boalitatively-id

’s price calcu

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 11

A2 can hencertained by

ange

t1

Measuremen

100

nth’s price ce most impoase very larets exerts a nched as a change and

orts of the nom one perioo distinguis

ivide the pg that no quw that the tonds to a reat of productent. There

price series.

1

1

oth price sedentical prod

ulated by the

ndustrial

1

nce be calcuy retrograde

nt Price M

0 11

14

can be calcuortant methrgely depen major influreplacemen

d pure price

new and old od to the ne

sh between t

price increauality changtotal price dal price chant A and the is a substit

t1

10

00

ries of prodduct over all

described me

as pe

ulated. The extrapolatio

t2

Measurement

110

110

ulated in vaods are des

nds on the ence on the

nt for one wh increase ca

products inext into a quthe possibil

se is the mge is to be odifference nge. Hence, calculation tution of pr

t2

12

(12)2

120

ucts A and l periods.

ethod is state

er: August 2

value printeon.

t Price Me

-

15

arious ways,scribed belo

additional e decision fhich has bean be observ

n a period, thuality elemen

ities pQ=0

method of observed (p=1 from p

the new prof the priceroduct A by

B are comp

ed in brackets

019

ed in italics

t3

easurement

117.8

, dependingw. Which ofinformation

for a qualityen removedved in most

he observednt (pQ) and, pE=0 and

direct pricepQ=0). Thisproduct A inoduct B can

e index is asy product B

t3

13

130

iled to form

s in each

s

g f

n y d t

d d d

e s n n s B

m

Method

Chapte

7.17 be direca very slof clothiis howev

B.3

7.18 price chand probetweenbe obset3 and thpQ mus

Table 7.

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

7.19 the priceother wofrom proaid of thprice for

7.20 betweenanother

B.4

7.21 periods.It is for ispecial the packdivided

7.22 the prevthe evecomparaproduct

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

A directctly ascertainlight influening is manufver no longe

Chainin

Whilst thange at conduct B is can the perioderved from phe price of st not have a

3: Chai

roduct A

roduct B

rement produ

The exae which is oords no pricoduct A in t2

his presumpr product B,

The men the old an quality corr

Change

An adju. In this casinstance concampaign ckaging size into the pric

Volumevious monthnt that the able previou A1 from per


y changes

t price compned and if tce, on the pfactured at ter available

ng

the direct prnstant qualiaused exclus

s is to be aseriod t2 to pproduct A inan impact o

ining (price

uct A/B

ample in thebserved in p

ce increase t

2 to product ption, it is p and hence t

thod of chad new prod

rection proce

e in quantity

ustment is e, it is not tnceivable thcould be impis decisive

ce pure incre

e changes ch; by these m unit numbeus month’s riod t2, mult


P

parison makhe new prod

product qualthe same qubecause of

rice comparity, it is pres

sively by thescribed to

period t3 sincn period t2 in the ascert

increase int

t0

10

(15)

100

e table makeperiod t3 is ptakes place B in t3 is ca

possible by the measure

ining shoulducts, and noedure.

y

also necesshe quality oat larger or

plemented win ascertainease per item

an be takenmeans, the cer has chanprice for proiplied by the

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 11

kes sense if tduct differs lity. One exauality in the a new fashio

ison presumsumed in che change in pQ. The conce the differis caused bytained price

terpreted as

1

1

es it clear thpresumed to between peused by an retrograde ement to be

d only be uso additional

sary if the pof the produsmaller pacwhere moreing a unit pm and the in

n into accoucomparablenged. In theoduct A2 ine unit volum

ndustrial

1

the comparaonly in area

ample of thi new seasonon line.

mes that thehaining thatthe productsequence o

rence betwey a change index for pe

quality cha

t1

10

00

at, in the cao be the comeriods t2 andimprovemenextrapolatio used for pe

sed if there il information

prices relatect that has ckaging is us content is

price. An obsncrease bec

unt by multie previous me example c period t2 is

me of produc

as pe

able previouas which havs would be c

n, but the va

price differ the differen quality; thef this is thaten the pricein the quali

eriod t3.

nge only)

t2

12

(18)2

120

alculation fomparable pred t3 (pE=0)nt in the quaon to calculariod t3.

s a considen is availabl

e to differenchanged, bused for a cersold per salserved priceause of cha

iplication ofmonth’s pricecontained ins calculatedct A2.

er: August 2

us month’s pve no influeclothing, wh

ariant of the

rence is basnce betweee entire prict no price in

e for productity. This qua

or product B evious mont. The price ality of pQ=ate a compa

erable qualitle on the ap

nt volume uut the sales rtain producles unit. In

e increase mnged sales v

f the prices e can be ascn the table from the u

019

price cannotnce, or only

here an item last season

ed on a realn product Ae difference

ncrease is tot B in periodality change

t3

18

120

in period t2,

th’s price, inincrease p

=6. With thearable base

ty differencepplication of

units in two conditions.t; equally, asuch cases,

must be sub-volumes.

per item ofcertained in below, thenit price for

t y

m n

l A e o d e

, n p e e

e f

o .

a , -

f n e r

Method

Chapte

Table 7.

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

7.23 limited ca compalinear defixed prfunctionproduceto exist product

7.24 in someadditionfixed coproduct

7.25 when it significa

B.5

7.26 for boththe priceprevious

7.27 replacedto produ(pQ) anproductsthat the price dicomponproduct retrograin period

Table 7.

Period

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

4: Chan

roduct A1 (4 i

roduct A2 (5 i

rement produ

As simcases. Simparable priceependence rice elementn in very rareed at lower ubetween theion.

For thise cases. To tnal unit quasts of produion conside

This me comes to

ant when ma

Overlap

In the m products ine difference s month’s p

In the ed by productuct B in perind a real pris, products price differfference is

nent pure an A in periodde extrapolad t3.

5: Over


y changes

nge in quant

items)

items)

uct A

ple as this ply multiplyine. A mathemof the quants. With gooe cases. Dueunit costs ase price per u

s reason, a sthis end, th

antities incluuction are ered.

ethod of quaslight changajor changes

p pricing

method of ovn a period. B between thrice can hen

example in Tt B. All in alliod t3. This pice element A and B canence in thishence sub-d simple fro

d t2, a fictitiation. This is

rlap pricing


P

tity

t0

10

(12,50)

100

method mang the unit pmatical conntities from tods producte to the econs the amoununit sold and

somewhat ce resources

uded in the liminated fr

ality correctiges in the s occur.

verlap pricinBoth producem was acc

nce be direct

Table 7.5, pl, a price difprice differe (pE). Sinc

n be directly period is ca-divided intoom period t2

ous base prs used to fo

t0

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 11

1

1

ay seem, it prices with tnection is pthe price wittion, the conomies of scnt increasesd the unit vo

changed fors used for p calculation

rom the furth

ion is only aquantity, si

ng, the pricects have beecepted by thtly observed

product A is fference p=ence (p) mue in period

y compared waused by theo a quality

2 to period t3

rice of prodrm the basis

ndustrial

1

t1

10

00

can howevthe new quapresumed wthout accomost functioncale achieves. Therefore,olume which

m of this quroduction a with largerher calculat

applied in thnce further

e reports oveen on the me market as

d.

no longer p=6 can be obust now be t2 it was powith one ane quality dif component

3 of pE=1. Wuct B for ba

s for calcula

t1

as pe

t2

12

(15)2

120

er only be antities doeswhich as a fmmodating fu

is only chaed, in most c, a linear deh in most ca

uantitative are evaluatedr sales unitsions and on

he German p influencing

erlap, meanarket in par a quality di

produced inbserved fromsub-divided

ossible to caother in this

fference betwt, valuated With the aid ase period tting the mea

t2

er: August 2

put to senss not necessfunction profurther depearacterised cases, the p

ependence iases does no

adjustment d and their s. By these nly the varia

producer pricg factors be

ing that therallel for a cifference. A

period t3, am product Ad into a quaalculate prics period. It iween the prat pQ=5, a of the meast0 can be caasurement o

019

t3

18

144

sible use insarily reflectovides for andencies or by a linearproducts ares presumedot exist with

is preferredcost for themeans, theble costs of

ce statisticsecome more

re is a pricecertain time;comparable

and is to beA in period t2

lity elementces for boths presumed

roducts. Theand a pricesurement ofalculated byof product B

t3

n t a r r e d h

d e e f

s e

e ; e

e

2 t

h d e e f y B

Method

Chapte

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

7.28 divided attempt quality. they onl

7.29 in the pspecial which reconsequby differempty aand henprice cavaluatedideal caproducts

B.6

7.30 of whichobserveprice of are obsnumber higher-aserve aswhich a

Tabl

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Price pr

Price pr

Price pr

Price pr

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

roduct A

roduct B

rement produ

The adv by simple c should ther This is freqly report one

One asproduct life cprice policy

eplace one auence of thirences in qu

any warehounce the priceampaigns ond too low, aase, the tras are in a ma

Matche

In the mh has chan both produ the new proerved with of price ob

aggregated gs a referencell providers

le 7.6: Matc

roduct A1

roduct A2

roduct B

roduct C

roduct D

roduct E


y changes

uct A/B

vantage of calculation inrefore alwayuently not p

e price for ea

pect to be jucycle is not cy when introanother are s is that the

uality. If for use stocks oe increase bn the introdand hence ansition fromarket balanc

ed model

method of thged, whilst ucts in the oduct, the pthis metho

bservations groups. It ise for the pricof a product

ched Model


P

8

(11.33)

100

this methonto the elemys be made tpossible untach period.

udged as a dconsidered wducing or rehence not id

e special priinstance proon introductbetween t2 auction of pr

a higher pricm product Ace.

he matched m in contradisame perio

price conducd of quality in the grou presumed t

ce change oft can assert

t1

10

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 11

1

1

d lies in thments of theto overlap thtil enquiries

disadvantagwhen the pr

emoving a pdentical andice fluctuatioduct A hastion of the nand t3 will broduct B, thce increase A to produc

model, onceistinction to

od. In order ct developmy correctionup, these mthat the avef this produc similar pric

ndustrial

1

10

25

he fact that e quality chahe price reps have been

ge in this meroduct is cha

product; the d are not conons in the o a particularnew productbe assessede differenceis measured

ct B should

e more a proo overlap pr to calculat

ments of the . Depending

may be eitheerage percenct. This prese changes.

t2

12

(21/1.175

10

8

8

12

as pe

12

17

150

the price dange and theorts in the e made of re

ethod is if thanged. Man price mechnsidered in toverlapping rly low pricet B, pQ wil too low. By

e pQ betwed from perio take place

oduct is replricing it woue a comparother produg on the tyer the 9-digntage changsupposes an

5)

er: August 2

difference ce pure priceevent of a cheporters sin

he state of tny enterpriseanisms of ththe overlap period are oe in period tl be valuatey contrast, w

een the two od t2 to perie at a time

aced by oneuld not be rable previoucts in the gype of produgit GP codesge within then ideal good

t3

21

12

8

10

15

019

18

158.8

can be sub- change. An

hange in thece as a rule

he productses operate ahe products pricing. Theonly caused2 in order to

ed too high,with special products isiod t3. In an when both

e the qualitypossible to

ous month’sgoods groupuct and thes or indeede group cans market on

-n e e

s a s e d o , l s n h

y o s p e d n n

Method

Chapte

7.31 productsextrapolperiod tpreviousreports o

7.32 are not periods.developthe missapplied homogeof price correctioseries mprice seGP code

B.7

7.33 describequality valuatedoptions price ofqualitatproduct

Table 7.

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

7.34 against the comcharacte

3 In the eAverage [pB(t3)/pB

ComparapA2(t3)/ a

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

The exas B, C, D alation of thet2 is calculas month’s pof product A

It must subject to a. This would

pment that wsing price, a if a suffici

eneous price series withon. Depend

make sense eries are avae, would hav

Option

The use the changecharacterist

d in terms are individuf product A ively-compa B. This calc

7: Opti

roduct A

roduct B

rement produ

In the eproduct A a

mparable peristics of th

example: percentage p

B(t2)+ pC(t3)/pable previousverage perce


y changes

ample in theand E from e price takeated by pre

price in perioA1 and produ

be taken inany exceptiod be conceivwas untypicand would eent numbe

e developmein a producing on the g as a basis

ailable withive to be used

prices

e of the opes in qualitytics for theof price. In

ually valuate in period t

arable produculated price

on prices

uct A/B

example conat 3.5; after arevious mo

he new prod

price developmC(t2)+ pD(t3)/p month’s pric

entage price d


P

e table 7.6 s period t2 ts place from

esuming theod t2 to the uct A2 is ach

to account wonal price fluvable if an eal for this pexert a stronr of further ent can be oct group, thegeneral pric to ascertain an item od in order to

ption price y between th follow-up the event

ed with the ct2. Thus oneuct in perioe brings abo

t0

10

(12.92)

100

ntained in thadding this nth’s price uct.

ment = pD(t2)+ pE(t3)/pce product A2development

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 11

shows that to period t3

m product Ae same per observed phieved.

when using uctuations tenterprise o

product groung influencer price serieobserved wie matched me developmin the avera

of the goodso supplemen

procedure he old produproduct. Th

that producorrespondie receives t

od t2, the pout an overla

1

1

he table, the amount to t of 15.5 f

pE(t2)]/4 = 1.12(t2) = = 21/1.175 =

ndustrial

1

the average3 is transferA2; the comrcentage prrice in perio

the matcheto calculate operated a sup would alse on it. Furthes of this pithin this prmodel meth

ment within aage percentas basket, a hnt the compa

is contingeuct A and thhese changeuct B has aing prices, wthe comparrice of whic

ap of reports

t1

10

00

e additional the price of for product

175

= 17.9

as pe

e percentagerred to prodparable pre

rice change od t3. Thus,

ed model me the average

special priceso be input hermore, th

product is aroduct grouphod should na product grage price dhigher aggrearable previ

nt on the pe new proded featuresdditional eq

which in turnrable previoch can be ds for product

t2

12

(15.5)

120

options of pproduct A inB in perio

er: August 2

e price deveduct A23. Aevious mont from the an overlap

ethod that te price chane policy. Het into the cae method is

available anp. With a smnot be usedroup, at leaevelopment

egate, such ous month’

possibility tuct B as ind

s of producquipment itn are addedous month’sdirectly comt B.

product B arn period t2 ood t2 with

019

elopment ofA retrogradeth’s price incomparableof the price

he productsnge in thesence, a price

alculation ofs only to bend a largelymall numberd for qualityast ten pricet. If too few as a 6-digits price.

to preciselydividual newt B can betems, these to form the

s price of ampared with

t3

18

139.3

re valued asone receives

the quality

f e n e e

s e e f e y r y e w t

y w e e e a h

s s y

Method

Chapte

7.35 is frequethe stanOne migthe stan(linear c

7.36 characteevaluatilater. It equipmethat theinstallatreason, quality c

7.37 on the indispen

B.8

7.38 The basby an exagainst contingeto deterreports.

7.39 qualificareportindelimitatheir owsegmenestimateassessmopinion-possibilqualitat

Table 7.

Period

Price pr

Price pr

Measur

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

The optently replacndard equipght for instanndard equipmchange) or b

Problemeristics. In ton which wis presumedent constitu

e standard ition as stan frequently ocomponent.

In eachpart of th

nsable.

Expert a

A furtheis for this prxpert or grou

the originaent on the prmine a com

With thations and g the price

ated situatiown product t is normalle. This meth

ments of the-formers onlities exist toive terms.

8: Expe

roduct A

roduct B

rement produ


y changes

tion price med by a dire

pment whichnce think ofment of the y multiplica

ms are caushe case of t

were obtainad with this m

utes special nstallation dard canno

only a part o

case, the uhe price pr

assessment

er type of qrocedure is fup of expertal product ersons conc

mparable pr

his methodassessmen

e. For this ons; the expto improve

ly not subjehod is contine expert. Bec price deveo calculate

ert assessme

uct A/B


P

ethod is appect successoh must be ef side airbag new model tion (percen

ed in the methe automob

able in the omethod that wishes or sof certain et be compa

of the additio

use of this mrocessor. In

t

uality correcformed by ths which caninto a qua

cerned havinrevious mon

, the adjusts of a perreason, the

pert of the d quality ch

ect to any sngent on thecause of thelopments oa comparab

ent

t0

10

(13,33)

100

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 11

plied in pracor. The followevaluated segs or metalli must be assntage chang

ethod of opbile industryold model ast the additiostandard eq

equipment itared with theonal costs (i

method requntensive co

ction can tahe subjectivn sub-divideality compong both marnth’s price,

stment of rson or groe procedurereporting unharacteristicurprising flue respectivee great degrof a sector, ble previous

1

1

ndustrial

1

ctice in the aw-up model eparately asc paint becosigned price

ge).

tion prices y, for instans special eqonal costs aquipment. Atems causese installatioin practice m

ires a great ntact with

ake place wve assessme the changenent and a

rket and pro and hence

the price iup of persoe is only tnit will genecs. It is impuctuations we price proceee of subjecthis method

s month’s pr

t1

10

00

as pe

automobile mostly has to a neces

oming standes, either by

by the evaluce, options

quipment or are identical dditionally, s the cost p

on of an addmostly 50%)

degree of tethe respec

ith the aid oent and evalued price of tha pure pricduct knowle achieve ov

is completeons mostly o be recomerally attribportant abowhich theseessor being ctivity and dd should onrice of the p

t2

12

(16)

120

er: August 2

industry. He additional sary quality

dard. These ay adding a fix

uation of the can be incl

r which coull no matter w it is necessper item to ditional opti) is accomm

echnical undctive report

of expert asuation of prhe follow-upce componeedge in ordeverlapping o

ely depend belonging mmended iute a price

ove all that e experts ar able to unddependencenly be usedproduct whic

019

ere, a modelfunctions in

y correction.additions inxed amount

e additionalluded in thed be addedwhether thesary to notefall, so thation. For thisodated as a

derstandingting unit is

ssessments.ice changes

p product asent. This iser to be ableof the price

ent on theto the firmn narrowly- increase inthe market

e unable toderstand thee on specific if no otherch is new in

t3

18

135

l n .

n t

l e d e e t s a

g s

. s s s e e

e m

-n t o e c r

n

Method

Chapte

7.40 A in perprice of

B.9

7.41 The hedaid of aindividuportrayeprice-deindividuthat hav

7.42 to achiecorrespoobservet2 and t3

Table 7.

Period

Price pr

Price pr

7.43 methodsa regresto as shcharacte

7.44 the indebuilt updetermidetermicharactechange.

7.45 rapid teprice recharactecan alwrequires

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

In the eriod t2 and p product B in

Hedoni

All the qdonic methoa mathematual price-infed in mathemetermining cual periods bve actually b

As the eeve a doubonding period price of o forms the b

9: Hedo

roduct A

roduct B

To calcs. Firstly, the

ssion model,hadow priceeristics, and

It is alsex value for p which howning characning characeristics, the

The prochnological

eport of a eristics mus

ways only bes large amou


y changes

example in tproduct B in n period t2 o

cs

quality correod is charactical procedfluencing chmatical termcharacteristiby comparin

been observe

example in ble overlappods are calcne product

basis for the

onics

culate the fe procedure, in which th

es. They cond the calcula

o possible t a certain pewever depiccteristics ancteristics dee regression

ocedure of hl change anstandard p

st be quantie estimatedunts of high-


P

he table, the period t3 atf 16.

ection proceterised by p

dure. It is sharacteristic

ms with the aics. It becomng the hedoed.

the table shping of theculated for twith the res calculation

t1

10

fictitious pre of imputatihe regressionstitute the ation of the f

to use a timeriod is asccts not the nd the timeepict the m coefficient

hedonics isd with whic

product oveifiable, mea values whi-quality data

r Prices of Inket)

Page 9 of 11

e expert evat 4 (pQ=4);

edures descrprice and qusupposed hcs can be aid of a funcmes possibnically-calcu

hows, an atte price repothe old andspectively ca of price dev

rices, hedonion can be an coefficienprice evalu

fictitious pri

e dummy incertained. Al

price, but te. The indi

monetary vat for the tim

applied pach a reportiner several aning that thich require a and makes

ndustrial

1

aluated the q; this gives u

ribed aboveuality compere that wimeasured action depictible to calcuulated price

tempt is maorts. To this for the newalculated prvelopment.

t2

12

PB

nics in prinapplied. Here

ts of the indation of a cce of the pro

n calculatinglso with thisthe price chvidual regrlue of the

me depicts

articularly wng firm will periods. Fuhey must beconstant su

s major dem

as pe

quality diffeus a compa

have a highonents beinth the prod

and evaluating the pricelate the pus with certa

de with thes end, fictitw products. rice of the o

nciple provide, price P is dividual chachange in thoduct is carr

g the regresss procedurehange as a ession coefquality chathe assess

with producthence have

urthermore, e measurabupervision a

mands on sta

er: August 2

erence betwerable previo

h degree of sng ascertainduct specifited. The pre in dependre price cha

ain qualities

e aid of the ctious prices The compa

other produc

t3

PA

18

des two m calculated b

aracteristics he manifestaried out dire

sion model. , a regressio function officients forange of thement of the

ts which aree a hard tim

the price-dble. The pricand improveaff.

019

een productous month’s

subjectivity.ed with thecations the

rice can beence on theange in the with prices

calculationss P for therison of the

ct in periods

athematicalby means of are referredation of the

ectly.

In this way,on model isf the price-r the price-e individuale real price

e subject tome making a

determiningce functionsement. This

t s

. e e e e e s

s e e s

l f

d e

, s --l

e

o a g s s

Method

Chapte

7.46 calculatpresumpregardedand calhedonic

7.47 These aron priciclassificHence, makes sthe appquality problem

7.48 market) data pro

C.

7.49 decided

7.50 which aquality cOne muspecific others aviewed a

7.51 must bedifferenused asthe priceproduct series o

7.52 compari

7.53 conditioand theascertaistandardprovide

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

Hedoniion of the pptions haved as an opticulations a

c techniques

The indre therefore ng. Equally

cation of thone should

sense. Informpropriate me

correction tms of individ

When c in the Fede

ocessing app

When d

Sectiond which of th

Not eacadditional incorrection c

ust also take group takesare simpler and dealt w

If qualie individuallces in the s a replaceme reports by can thus bf measurem

An oveison, as wel

It is notons and the e environmen the best d products a rule regar


y changes

cs appears prices and o

e to be madmum solutiore needed

s is consider

dividual cha subjective e

y, the precise manifesta

d consider imation is prethod of qutakes placeual product

calculating ral Republicpliances and

does which

n B describehe methods

ch of the abnformation can be conse into consis place reguto implemeith individua

ty differencly examinedales conditi

ment or whet ascertainin

be connecteents is crea

erview of thl as a possib

t possible tosectoral par

ent. Each quprocedure iwhich are t

rding the me


P

to be an oof the indic

de in order on for each in order to

rable.

racteristics evaluations se sub-divisations of chn the run-uovided on th

uality correce with the as.

the index oc of Germanyd electronic

h method m

ed the varioare to be us

bove methodis available

sidered whicideration whularly or tendnt. It is alwally, regular

es occur wid, regardlessions. After itther it is a ng a comparad to the prited.

he advantable applicat

o determinerticularities uality changn each cas

to be foundethod to be u

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 1

objective meces. Since hto calculate case of qua reach an

are selected on which chsion of the haracteristic

up for whichhe various pction in secaid of hedo

of the prody, hedonics component

make sense

ous methodssed in which

ds fits eache. For manych accommohen selectinds to occur

ways importa contact wit

th the obses of whethet has been cew product,able previouice series o

ages and dion, is provi

e an optimumplay a majo

ge must be e. It is how

d in similar used in thes

ndustrial

1

ethod due thowever a ge the price fality correctioauthoritativ

d by the staharacteristiccharacteris

cs, is impleh precise prpossibilities tion C. Som

onics are d

ucer prices is largely usts.

e?

s of quality situations a

h situation. y product grodate the png the procerarely. Som

ant for eachh the report

erved pricesr these are clarified wh, the goal ofus month’s pf the origina

isadvantageded by Tabl

m method for role in mos regarded in

wever possibareas in the

se product g

as pe

o the mathgreat numbefunction, thon. A large ne function.

aff of the Fecs of the protics, meani

emented by roduct area of applicati

me special pescribed in

of industrised when as

correction.and in which

It is vital toroups only articularitiesedure whethe methods a

h case of quing units be

in the variodifferences ether the chf the variousprice. The pral product s

es of the ie 7.10.

or each prodst cases, in n isolation

ble to priorite product liroups.

er: August 2

ematical poer of comprohis method number of o The effort

ederal Statisoduct exert ang the eva

y the staff ias the use oion and the products w Chapter 10

ial productsscertaining t

. It should h product gr

o the selectispecific pros of the gooher an adjuare more labuality adjusteing necessa

ous periods in product

hanged prods methods irice changessuch that a

individual m

duct group. addition to in order to tise the proife cycle, an

019

ortrayal andomises andmay not bebservationsinvolved in

stical Office.an influenceluation andndividually.of hedonics decision onith which a0 – Special

s (domesticthe prices of

however beroups.

ion to knowocedures ofods groups.stment in aborious andtment to beary here.

s, the casesqualities or

duct may bes to overlaps of the new continuous

methods in

The market the product be able to

ocedures fornd hence to

d d e s n

. e d . s n a l

c f

e

w f .

a d e

s r e p w s

n

t t o r o

Method

Chapte

7.54 productsthat withbe usedproductwith cer

Table 7.

Method

Direct prcompari

Chaining

Quantita

Overlap

Matched

Option p

Expert a

Hedonic

7.55 This incor a funpossibleplannedapplicatrapid tedifferentBy thesecalculat

dical Guide oPr

r 7 – Quality

Overlaps can be soh the price d

d if the price. The metho

rtainty witho

10: Com

rice ison

g

ative change

pricing

d model

prices

ssessment

cs

It only mludes hedonction to calce to subseqd in advancetion of this iechnologicalt quality mae means, thed with thes


y changes

p pricing is old on the mdifference the-reporting od of qualityout additiona

mparison of t

Advantage

Simple ha

Simple ha

Simple maconnectio

Direct compossible

Takes accostandard dwithin a go

Direct evaquality difindividualpossible

Assessmewith markproduct kn

Mathematassessmequality chapossible

makes sensnics, which culate the inuently dete

e, and are res the field ol change. T

anifestationshe price indse products


P

the best memarket in onhe actual quenterprise iy correctional informatio

the quality c

e

ndling

ndling

athematical n is created

mparison

ount of development oods group

luation of thefferences of components

nt by expertset and nowledge

tical nt of the aracteristics

se to apply s because of ndex is onlyrmine the vaegularly useof data procehe individus and the prex with cha by mathem

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 1

ethod in moe period at

uality differeis unable to that comeson being ava

correction m

Disadvant

No qualitypresumed

No price c

Fixed costeconomieproductiondealt with

Overlap time of

problem

t

Special developin the pare not

sufficienseries n

e

s

Mass prodmore reasthan addit

s Subject difficult

Highly labmathematseeming o

some of thef the major ey used targetariables and

ed to continessing appli

ual productsrice-determinanged indiviatical mean

ndustrial

1

ost cases. W the prices snce is valua

o report a ps into questailable.

ethods

tage

y improvemend

hange presum

ts as well as s of scale in tn function are

p price needetransition

matic

price pments and sroduct life cyaccommodatnt no. of price

necessary

duction frequonably-pricedtional option

tivity t to understan

orious, tical formula objectivity

methods weffort involvtedly for sped weights, bually calculaiances and ss cannot bening charactidual price-ds.

as pe

With this adjstated. It m

ated. Overlaprevious montion next ca

Possib

nt Low e.g.: s

med Price-p, lae.g.: m

the e not

Specie.g.: f

d Changparalle.g.: t

tatus ycle ted e

Applichomodeveloe.g.: f

ently d

Indivievaluae.g.: m

nd Techne.g.: m

lends

Large determare que.g.: IT

with highly-sed in ascertecific produbut rather heate the pricesystems, wh

e compared teristics are determining

er: August 2

justment may hence bep pricing manth’s price

annot alread

ble applicatio

p, slight quaseasonal clot

-constant proarge quality cmachinery

al offer packafoodstuffs

ged product llel on markettoys

cation in prodogeneous pricopment foodstuffs, be

dual optionsated motor vehicle

nically-complmachinery

volumes of dmining charauantifiable T

pecific prodtaining a prct groups. Itedonic calcue changes. Ahich is chara over the p

e depicted ing characteris

019

ethod, bothe presumeday no longerfor the new

dy be stated

on

ality change thing

ducts, large hange

aging

lines

duction with ce

everages

can be

es

ex goods

data, price-cteristics

duct groups.ice functiont is also notulations areAn exampleacterised byperiods; then a function.stics can be

h d r

w d

. n t e e y e .

e

Method

Chareplace

8. Prod A. B. C. A.

8.1 calculatthe consample,

8.2 Changesadjustmbasket oterm of scheme

8.3 ongoingsection

8.4 of new g

8.5 five yeagoods sare ableon deminfluencthe origgoods o

8.6 goods spossibleas quicproductsThese sthe deveare no lorder tobasket oplace evrebasing

dical Guide oPr

apter 8 – Proment and in

new goods

duct repla

IntroduEvolutiAdjustm

Introdu

The Geed in accord

nstancy of a sample of p

This ths in the mar

ments, whichof goods, th the valid b.

Both otg basis. The D and for th

A specigoods, and t

With thars, the probample beco

e to adjust. Iand, whilst

ce the supplginal goods

r the sample

In ordestructure ofe. If the signkly as posss and produpecial priceelopment oflonger on th

o prevent thof goods as very five yeags, this adju


oduct nclusion of s

acement a

uction ionary and ments of th

uction

erman indexdance with tall bases foprice repres

eoretical corket structu

h in most caat is the sel

base year in

ther major method here sample of

al problem this is explo

e practice wblem arises

omes less upndividual p others chaly, and, duestructure che of the pric

er to guaranf the samplnificance of nsible. In mouct changes developmef the index. he market, tis, it is neca whole. By

ars, and repustment pres


and inclus

revolutionahe product

x of producthe Laspeyreor calculatioentatives) fo

oncept cannres (both ofses are carrlection of th

n the Germa

bases for cre is describef price repre

arises in thered in greate

which is cust as the per

p-to-date. Suroducts or e

ange or newe to the dynhanges overe representa

ntee the reple used to new productost cases, ds than with ents in certaIf there is nthis makes essary to o adjusting thlacing out-ossure is take

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 8

sion of ne

ary product sample

cer prices es concept. on (weightinor the durati

not be consf the goods ried out at the representan producer

alculation aed in Chaptsentatives i

e producer er detail in t

tomary in Griod increasupply and d

entire produw products anamic enviror time and iatives of the

presentativereflect the

ts on the madifferent pr products thain phases oo replacemethe samplebserve bothhe basket of

of-date proden into acco

ndustrial

ew goods

ts

of industria This meansng scheme,ion of the va

sistently adh and of the he time of ctative goodsr price stati

are adjusteder 5 – Sampn section E.

price statistthis chapter

ermany, namses since themand reacct lines disaappear. Newonment andis hence noe reference p

e nature of current maarket increasrice mechanhat have beof the produent of out-o

es obsolete h the individf goods in thucts within

ount in the G

as pe

al products – as to the , basket of alidity of a b

hered to focorporate m

conversion ts types, is kestics in add

d in line witples for the r

tics when it .

mely that a e base yea

ct flexibly in appear from w developm the existin

o longer depperiod.

the index, arket conditses, these mnisms can ben on the m

uct life cyclef-date produand the ind

dual price rehe context oexisting baserman prod

er: August 2

(domestic theoretical

f goods, repase period.

r a variety markets) reqto a new basept constandition to th

th requiremreporting un

comes to th

base periodar that in pa a market ec the market,

ments and teg market m

picted by th

it is necesstions as ac

must be accobe observedmarket for ae should be ucts or of prdex less meepresentativ

of rebasings,sket items b

ducer price s

019

124

market) is approach –porting unit

of reasons.uire regularse year. Thet during thee weighting

ments on anit sample in

he inclusion

d is valid forarticular theconomy and, dependingechnologies

mechanisms,e basket of

sary for theccurately asommodatedd with newa long time. reflected inroducts that

eaningful. Inves and the, which takebetween thestatistics.

2 4

s – t

. r e e g

n n

n

r e d g s , f

e s d w .

n t

n e e e

Method

Chareplace

8.7 environmproductsOne shdisappewith thedetail w

8.8 inclusioin relatievolutio

8.9 Section fitting breplacem

B.

8.10 revolutiocalculaton the abe adjud

B.1

B.1.1

8.11 An evolcause oAttributifulfils thgoods squality ongoingby growdecreas

8.12 washingdevelopcases epredece

dical Guide oPr


new goods

Changement. It muss disappearould distin

earing from te procedure ith the meth

In orden of new proion with ne

onary and rev

Followin C first of allasket item, ment in the

Evoluti

If new ponary produing the prod

assignment. dged individ

Evolutio

Definiti

Evolutioution has t

of this is in ion to a prodhe same pusystem. Thes

or the propg index with wing deman

ed, and whi

Examplg machine wpment on ex

volutionary,essor produc


oduct nclusion of s

es in the mast be recognr, and it musguish here the market ato be follow

hods to be u

er to descroducts, sectew goods avolutionary

ng on from l describes t and followinevent that th

ionary and

products apucts, dependucer price In order to f

dually and a

onary produ

ion

onary produaken place,most casesduct which rpose as thse new prodperties take the aid of qd; in most ich belongs

les of evolwith a morexisting prod, the VW Goct VW Golf V


arket conditnised if newst be decide between aand new pro

wed in case oused where p

ibe the exition B belowrising on thproducts.

this, this chthe possibilng on from the concomit

revolution

ppear on theding on theindex and infacilitate thittributed to

ucts

cts are prod, in other w new technois already oe original p

ducts are coes place. Evquality adjucases they to the same

utionary pr powerful o

ducts. Equalolf VII for inI.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 8

tions may bw or changeded how thesa qualitativoducts beingof changes iproducts or

isting possw first of all phe market.

hapter relatlities in whicthis informatant basket

ary produc

e market, their product n the treatmis distinctio the respect

ducts which words a furt

ologies, newon the markeproduct, andomparable wvolutionary stments in replace an

e goods type

roducts are or a more enlly, new monstance con

ndustrial

be caused bd goods appse changes ave change og launched. in quality; Cdata are mis

ibilities in provides infoTo this end

tes to the pch the new p

ation is prov item is alrea

cts

hey may be characteris

ment of the n, products ive group.

show a chaher developw materials et is possibld is hence iwith the orig

products cmost cases.

nother produe.

technologinergy savingodels in thenstituting a

as pe

by different pear on the are to be taof an exist Chapter 7 –

Chapter 6 – Dssing.

product repormation ond, a distinc

ossibilities product canided on the ady containe

sub-dividedstics. The fuproducts is which are n

nge as agaipment of an or changedle; the evoludentical to ginal ones; can hence b. These product the sign

cally-improvg motor whi

e automotivequalitative

er: August 2

reasons in market, or iken into conting produc– Quality chaData collect

placement n the precisection is mad

to adjust thnnot be assi alternativesed in the sa

d into evoluurther meth determinednew on the m

nst an originn existing pd market requtionary proit in the coan improvebe integrateducts are chnificance of

ved compuich constitue industry achange as

019

a dynamicif individualnsideration.

ct, productsanges dealsion deals in

and in thee definitionsde between

he samples.gned to anys of productmple.

utionary andod used in

d dependingmarket must

nal product.product. Thequirements.duct largelyntext of thement in theed into theharacterisedf which has

uters and aute a furtherare in mostagainst the

c l . s s n

e s n

. y t

d n g t

. e . y e e e d s

a r t e

Method

Chareplace

B.1.2

8.13 price repproduct principle

8.14 is studieseries. Bchangesavailablmethods

B.2

B.2.1

8.15 developproductsnew prorevolutiothemselshare ofthat thecompara

8.16 telephonwhich dtechnolo

8.17 items fothis prosample

B.2.2

8.18 other prthe newclassificrepresen

8.19 are not ascertai

dical Guide oPr


new goods

Possibi

Evolutiopresentative replaces ae does not p

If it is oed whether By these ms can be intee. To adjuss of quality

Revolut

Definiti

In compments of es that are a

oducts can inonary produlves or the f the correspe concomitaable produc

Examplne was not id not replaogical terms

Hence, or which theduct or thisby product r

Possibi

It is nore-existing pw product ccation. Withntatives out

If no mdirectly accnment of a


oduct nclusion of s

ilities for inc

onary produes. This is onother price

permit the in

observed tha and from weans, the segrated andst the chancorrection a

tionary prod

ion

mparison toexisting gooalready on tn most case

ucts, they artechnologieponding proant 9-digit Gt is containe

les of revolu a further dace an exists are not a su

it is not poe revolutions goods typereplacemen

ilities for inc

t possible troducts. It isan be attribout this attside of a reb

atching basommodated new baske


clusion

cts are imprnly possiblee representanclusion of a

at products wwhen these sample of th product losged quality re applied w

ducts

o evolutionods, but prhe market.

es not be usre not a folloes used are oduct group GP code waed in the sam

utionary proevelopmenting one. Equccessor pro

ossible to finary product

e is considet with qualit

clusion

o establish s important buted to antribution, a basing is no

sket item is d in the baset of goods.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 8

roved produe if a corresative of thisadditional ba

with an evol can be usehe price repsses compe

y of the newwhich are de

ary producroducts whi Quality adjsed as a repow-up produ completely may also h

as not selecmples.

oducts can t of a traditually, plasmoduct of CRT

nd a direct could be u

ered in the wty correction

a direct co for the furth

n existing b simple updt possible.

available, rket of good It is immat

ndustrial

ucts which sponding ba

s basket iteasket items

lutionary ched as replacpresentativensated for dw product aescribed in C

cts, revolutiich show sustments a

placement fouct. It is cony novel, whiave been socted for the

be found frional appar

ma televisioT appliances

predecessoused as a reweighting scn is not poss

nnection beher treatmenbasket item date and a

revolutionars until the nterial here w

as pe

hould be incsket item ism since the.

aracter becocement prodes is kept udirectly if repas comparedChapter 7 –

ionary produbstantial dre hence m

or an existinnceivable, fiilst on the oo small at the basket of

requently inratus; rathern sets shous.

r of the proeplacement. cheme, so thsible.

etween revont to clarify t

in terms odjustment o

ry products next rebasinwhether the

er: August 2

cluded in ths available ae Laspeyres

ome more sducts for ex

up to date. placement pd to the pr Quality chan

ducts are differences uch more d

ng price seriirstly, that thother hand he time of t goods, and

n the past. r it was a n

uld be name

oduct within Also, no what integrat

olutionary prthe questionf the systemof the samp

are includeng and the ce new produ

019

e sample ofand the news concept in

ignificant, itxisting priceSuch range

products arerevious, thenges.

not further as againstdifficult. Thees since, ashe products the markethe rebasingd hence no

The mobilenew producted, which in

the basketweighting for

ion into the

roducts andn of whetherm of goodsple of price

d, and theyconcomitantuct replaces

f w n

t e e e e

r t e s s t g o

e t

n

t r e

d r s e

y t s

Method

Chareplace

another the baskproduct

C.

C.1

8.20 product significathe existreatmecontainsrepresenmulti-stacannot possibil

8.21 (evolutiobelow sprocedu

Figure 8

C.2

8.22 adjustmascertaisample.

E

Ove

dical Guide oPr


new goods

one, the weket of goods is thus acco

Adjust

Genera

There a is launchedance, it mussting baskent of the ns all goods tntatives belage procedube attribute

lities for adj

It shoulonary produhows an ov

ure applicab

.1 Overviegoods

Basket

Before ments to th

ned here w

Evolutionary product

erview of the

Bask


oduct nclusion of s

eights for ths on the basommodated

ments of th

l

are various pd onto the mst be determt items in tew product types for whong to one ure – as desed to any bustments wi

ld be distinguct) or a neverview of thle.

ew of the po

item does n

a decision e samples,

whether or n

e method em

ket item doesexist

R


he individuais of domes in the samp

he product

possibilitiesmarket, and

mined in a fiterms of th are determhich the pricof these goocribed in Ch

basket itemithin a bask

guished in thew product he various p

ossibilities i

not exist

is taken on , the new not this can

mployed in t

s not

Revolutionaryproduct

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 8

al product grstic sales anple dependi

sample

s to carry oud if it is to birst step wh

he goods clmined usingces are colleods types ofhapter 5 – S

m in sectionket item.

he next step(revolutionapossibilities

n the event

the preciseproduct is

n be attribut

the event of new goods

New product

y

ndustrial

roups are red the produng on its sig

t adjustmenbe integratehether the passification

g this first sected on a mf the basketamples. The

n C.2 is des

p whether anary product)s of attribut

of product

e method an allocated ted to an e

product rep

t

Ba

Evolutionaryproduct

as pe

e-determinedction values

gnificance.

nts in the prd into the sroduct can . The furthe

sub-divisionmonthly bast of goods ae method regcribed; sec

n existing pr) included aing a new p

replacemen

nd the possinto the gxisting bask

placement a

asket item ex

y

er: August 2

d in the coms, and the re

roduct sampsamples becbe attributeer procedur. The baske

sis. The indind are ascegarding prod

ction C.3 dis

roduct is to additionallyproduct and

nt and inclu

sibilities in tgoods categket item of

nd inclusion

xists

Revolutionaproduct

019

mposition ofevolutionary

ple. If a newcause of its

ed to one ofres and theet of goodsvidual price

ertained in aducts whichscusses the

be replaced. The figure the further

sion of new

the event ofgories. It is the current

n of

ry

f y

w s f e s e a h e

d e r

w

f s t

Method

Chareplace

8.23 integratwhethergrowingprice dethe basindividu

8.24 products

Figure 8

8.25 weightinmarket material

8.26 and instwere carelementrun-up tsamples

dical Guide oPr


new goods

If no bion in the ir the new pro

g market sigevelopment e period in

ual goods typ

The fols of a non-e

.2 Method

Rebasinng up to datsignificancel thus obtain

This metallation serried out in tt of the basto this happs.

Inchange

Evolutionaryproduct

Ove

Baske


oduct nclusion of s

basket itemindex calculoduct is an

gnificance thof the new the contextpes taken in

llowing figuxistent bask

d with new p

ng is carriete. In partice in future,ned can then

ethod was urvices of mthis area. Siket of good

pening, so th

Rebasing

ntegration on eover to new b

Revy

erview of the

et item does nexist


m exists in lation of thevolutionaryhe index asproduct is it of rebasin

nto account

ure shows tket item.

products – B

ed out at reular if the n the price n be used d

sed prior to achinery annce it was ks after the nhat sufficien

base

volutionary product

e method in inclus

- Basket

not

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 8

the currene current by or a revolu

scertainmeninput into thng are the cand new ba

the individu

Basket item d

egular internew productsurvey shoirectly when

the rebasinnd equipmeknown at an next rebasinnt data were

the event osion of new g item does n

New product

ndustrial

t selection ase period

utionary prodt cannot be

he further cacurrent turnosket items f

ual steps w

does not exi

rvals in ordt is to be anuld be star

n rebasing h

ng to the basnt. In the p early stage

ng took place available t

of product regoods not exist-

t

as pe

to which is not poss

duct, even ine adjusted ialculations. over and prformed.

which are im

ist

er to keep nticipated torted regardlas taken pla

se year 2010previous sam that this sece, the priceto integrate

eplacement a

Basket item

er: August 2

the new psible. Indepn the event in such a w Only on chroduction va

mplemented

the samplo take on cless of thisace.

0 with the fiemple, no prction would

e surveys ste this field in

and

exists

019

product fits,pendently ofof a rapidly-

way that theangeover ofalues of the

d with new

es and theonsiderable

s. The price

eld of repairrice surveys become anarted in thento the new

, f -e f e

w

e e e

r s n e w

Method

Chareplace

C.3

8.27 items wcompospossible

8.28 goods cTo this erevolutio

Figure 8

8.29 purposepossiblenewly-lamarket methodsthe reporepresendetailedbe quanwas prev

8.30 revolutio

Ove

Baske

dical Guide oPr


new goods

Basket

Once it with concom

ition of weie to adjust o

If newlylassificationend, it mustonary produ

.3 Method

Evolutioe is unchane. The goal iaunched gooconditions s of quality orting firm ntative, and

d product spntified and rviously surv

Integratonary produ

erview of the

et item does nexist


oduct nclusion of s

item exists

has been citant price sghts and ba

or exchange

y-launched n, it may be t be ascerta

uct. Figure 8.

d with new p

onary produnged as agan the index ods into thechange succorrection dis best abl

d hence facpecificationsrecorded. Thveyed.

tion into theuct. A revolu

e method in

not


compiled, thseries, a weasket items individual p

products cpossible for

ained in a fi.3 clarifies th

products – B

ucts are chainst the p calculation e sample whh that the q

described inle to decidilitates an

s stated by the evolution

e ascertainmtionary prod

Quality adjustment

Product replacement

Evolutionaryproduct

the event of- Bas

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 8

he basket ofeighting sha cannot be cprice represe

can be attrir an adjustmirst step whhe different

Basket item e

haracterisedpredecessor is to depict hich have aqualitatively Chapter 7 –e which typevaluation the reportinary product

ment of an iduct is chara

Qualadjustm

Replacema price st

y

f product resket item ex

New product

Ba

ndustrial

f goods conare being atchanged unentatives wi

buted to anment of the p

ether the ne possibilitie

exists

d by a cha product. A the current ssumed inc

y new produ– Quality chpe of changof the new g units are can hence

ndex is moracterised by

Cathe

Ai

lity ment

ment of series

Rev

placement axists -

t

asket item ex

as pe

sists of an itributed to til the next thin a baske

n existing bproduct samew product s for the furt

nge in quaAttribution t market condreasing mar

uct replacesanges can bge has take product qualso used sreplace a pr

re complicaty not being a

lculation of base value

Additional nclusion

volutionary product

and inclusio

xists

er: August 2

identified liseach baske rebasing. Itet item.

basket itemple to be im is an evoluther proced

ality; the futo existing ditions and rket signific

s the previobe used. In en place fouality. To tho that the crice represe

ted when it able to be a

Rebasin

Integrationchangeove

new base

on of new go

019

st of basketet item. Thist is however

within themplemented.

tionary or aure.

undamentalproducts is to integrate

cance. If theus one, themost cases,

or the pricehis end, thechanges canentative that

comes to aattributed to

g

on r to e

oods

t s r

e .

a

l s e e e ,

e e n t

a o

Method

Chareplace

any of thof the gocollecte

8.31 of the pr

- Rep- In e- Inte

8.32 period. completproduct aspect iclassificreplace indepencompenreplacem

8.33 fluctuatilife cycleWhen a high priThese pthat reaintegratconsidehis/her

8.34 can alsoa new pwith mothe goomeasurethe timebasket iin turn cthe price

8.35 an exchas earlycalculatcompileSamplesperiod o

dical Guide oPr


new goods

he price seroods classifd price repre

There arice represe

place the preexceptional cegration of t

The numFor this rea

te exchange comes froms for the rep

cation as thethe price re

ndently of sated for w

ment, the pr

If indivions. The ree. The good new producces, or the particularitiesl price deveion. It murable markemarket and

In addito be integratproduct rapidobile phonesds classificements, a he between ttem. It is th

calculated ae series hav

If it is nange or an ay as the onion of a ba

ed using the s. It is immaor not. The s


oduct nclusion of s

ries currentlyfication beloesentative.

re three funntatives.

evious pricecases: addithe new prod

mber of pricason, a revoe of an existm the sameplacement pe original pr

epresentativrebasing. Q

with the aidrice series is

vidual produeason for thi

s are frequect is introduproducts ares of the pricelopments ast always

et significan product kno

tion to a 1-tted into the dly takes ons. In these cation, but it

hypothetical the base peus possible

after integratving increase

not possibleadditional inngoing basasket of goo sales and paterial here wsales signific


y found in thong to an ex

damental po

series and tional inclusduct in a new

ce series in olutionary prting price s

e reporting uproduct to croduct of the within a bQuality diffd of the qus linked by c

ucts are repis is the diffently subjecced, either me offered at

ce policy shoare depicted

be guarance. In this cowledge.

o-1 replacem basket itemn market sigases, the net is not a re base price

eriod and in to calculatetion as a meed.

e to integratnclusion, thee period, bods, weightproduction vwhether thecance of the

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 8

he sample. xisting baske

ossibilities t

use methodsion of a pricw determina

the sampleroduct may eries takes unit or anotorrespond te basket of

basket item.ferences beuality correcchaining whe

placed by nferent posit

ct to differenmonopoly p particularlyould be taked. It is hencnteed that context, the

ment of an em in exceptiognificance wew product eplacement is calculatetegration ofe a base valean value of

e a new proe alternativebut rather wting schemevalues descre existing pre products i

ndustrial

These are het item, but

to accommo

ds of quality ce series anation of the s

e in principl only be int place. It is ther reportinto the same f goods. Onl The sample

etween the ction methoere revolutio

ewer ones, ions of the

nt price mecprofits are sky favourableen into accoe decisive tthe newly

reporter is t

existing priconal cases.

within a baseis to be attr of an existed by assumf the price slue; the elemf the individ

oduct into the exists of nowhen rebase and sampribed in Charoduct has os vital to inc

as pe

ence new p are not dire

odate these

correction d calculatiosamples in t

le remains cegrated in t immaterial ng unit repo attribution ly by these e can be up old and

ods. In mosonary goods

there may individual p

chanisms in kimmed off b prices in ount when prto determine-integrated to be involv

ce series, anThis methode period, asibuted to a ing price se

ming the samseries as wamentary indedual measur

he ongoing iot including

sing takes pples, the pripter 4 – Wei

only been onclusion in th

er: August 2

products whectly compa

products in

n of a base the context o

constant duthe current here whethorts the dat in the systemeans is it

pdated by ththe new p

st events ofs are concern

be consideproducts in the individby charging rder to triggroducts are e the right t

product aved in the de

n additional d becomes s was seen fbasket item

eries. To deme averageas observedex of the barements, the

index calcug revolutionaplace. Withice represenighting and n the markehe basket of

019

ich in termsrable with a

the sample

value of rebasing

uring a basesample if a

her the newta. The vitalem of goods possible toese means,

product aref a productned.

erable pricethe productual phases. particularly

ger demand.replaced sotime for the

already hasecision with

price seriesnecessary iffor instance

m in terms oftermine the

e change ford within theasket item ise number of

lation usingary productsh each newntatives are Chapter 5 –t for a shortf goods and

s a

e

e a w l s o ,

e t

e t . y .

o e s h

s f e f e r e s f

g s w e – t

d

Method

Chareplace

selectiowhich pmarket s

dical Guide oPr


new goods

n as a pricepreviously wsignificance


oduct nclusion of s

e representawere not pare.


ative, so thart of the sa

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 8

at at the timamples, are

ndustrial

e of the reb integrated

as pe

basing also rin the selec

er: August 2

revolutionarction in line

019

ry products,e with their

, r

Method

Chapter

9. Inde A. B. C. D. A.

9.1 The basdetermiindices.rebasingreportincollectiomissing the indecalculat

9.2 show thBy theseprice chtreated a

9.3 (domest

9.4 index. Adevelopthat are

9.5 aggregaused, an

9.6 monthlyas a bas

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

ex calcula

IntroduElemenCalculaRebasi

Introdu

The abosis is formened for each The weightg. For the sg units. The

on; the meth data and nex calculatiion model to

Measure percentag

e means, thange is conas equivalen

In ordetic market),

In a firsAn element

pment of the not collecte

In the tes. The ca

nd for unsys

The folly index calcusis.


Calculation

ation

uction ntary indiceation of higng

uction

ove chaptersed by the wh basket iteting schemeselected bae precise dehod followeewly-introduion are heno compile th

rements are ge change oe quantitativverted into nt, regardles

er to calculthe individu

st step, the tary aggreg individual e

ed.

next step, talculation tastematic agg

lowing figurulation. The


P

es gher aggreg

s describe wweighting (m can be use and the sasket items,escriptions d in dealinguced goods nce complehe individua

formed fromof the reportve componea percentagss of price-d

late overall ual data of th

price reporgate hence elements of

these indiviakes place gregates, as

re provides completely

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 18

gated indice

what prelimi(Chapter 4) sed to aggreamples are price dataof the data

g with partic (Chapter 8)

etely-plausibal data.

m the individted price in ent of the sege change. Bdetermining

indices ofhe price rep

rts for a bascovers a

f the basket

idual elemeboth for dif well as for t

an overviewy-plausibilise

ndustrial

8

es

inary work is and the segate the ind

updated at a are collecta collection cularities su) is also desbilised price

dual price recomparison

elected prodBy using the characterist

f the produorters are ag

sket item arbasket item of goods re

entary indicfferent hierathe overall in

w of the coned data of t

as pe

s needed foamples (Chdividual pric regular inteted on a mare providech as qualitcribed in de

e data, as

eports to cal with the pr

duct is elimin measuremetics.

ucer prices ggregated in

e compiled m in each presenting f

es are aggrarchy levelsndex.

nsecutive sthe monthly

er: August 2

or the index hapter 5). Tce series to fervals in the

monthly based in Chaptety changes etail. Startinwell as a

lculate the inrice of the bnated and tents, price c

of industrian two steps.

to form an case, withfurther 9-dig

regated to fs of the cla

teps to be t price surve

019

127

11

calculation.The weightsform overalle context ofis from theer 6 – Data(Chapter 7),

ng points formathematic

ndex. Thesebase period.he absolutechanges are

al products

elementaryh the pricegit GP codes

form higherassifications

taken in theeys are used

2 7

. s l f

e a , r c

e .

e e

s

y e s

r s

e d

Method

Chapter

Figure 9

9.7 descript

9.8 be able intervalsand the in sectio

B.

B.1

9.9 desegreseveral be aggre

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

.1 Index cal

Sectiontion of the ca

Both th to portray cs of five yea index aggreon D.

Elemen

Overvie

An eleegation for w

items of priegated. For


Calculation

culation me

n B below walculation fo

e samples ahanges in th

ars in which egates are co

tary indice

ew

mentary indwhich explicice informatan elementa

of


P

ethod

will explore or aggregate

and the weighe market st both the weonverted to

es

dex is deficit weightingtion of the iary index th

Index ca

Monthpl

M

f the individ

Elem

of t

Agg

C

L a s p

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 18

the precise indices is p

ghting schetructures. Foeights and t a new base

ined as theg informationdividual p

he incorpora

alculatio

hly data clausibilisa

Measurem

dual price

mentary in

the basket

gregate in

a r l i i n d

e y r e s

ndustrial

8

e calculatioprovided in s

me are updaor this reasothe measuree year. The p

e index onon is availabrice represeted price re

on metho

collection ation

ents

representa

ndices

items

ndices

d e x

i n d e x

as pe

on of the esection C.

ated at regun, rebasings

ements of threcise meth

the level ble. Below t

entatives arepresentative

od

tives

er: August 2

lementary i

ular intervalss take place

he price reprhod for this i

of the mothe elemene available es are chara

019

ndices; the

s in order toe as a rule atresentativesis described

ost detailedtary indiceswhich mustacterised by

e

o t s d

d s t y

Method

Chapter

their beEqually,sampleselementproduce

9.10 implemeindex arto a fixestatisticformatio

9.11 The CarlThese acalculat

9.12 eliminatprice rebase, it receive i

1 A more

the indIndex M

2 Transitiindex.

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

eing largely the individ

s used. Thistary indiceser price stati

The comented by a vre presenteded base percs, a discusson is the pra

Carli indli index is a

are depictedion of the Ca

[Formul

With

By usinted from thepresentative makes senimplausible

detailed comividual metho

Manual: Theoivity applies i


Calculation

homogeneodual elemens means tha should bestics.

mpilation ofvariety of med below. Witriod, or to tsion takes p

actice in Ger

dex: scertained b

d by the mearli index IC

la 9.1]

itp : pric

0ip : pric

jn : no.

ng the price e price repores regardlesnse to use i results; the

mparison of thods of calculary and Practicif the direct in


P

ous productntary indice

at the classi similar. Th

f the individeans. The thth all mathethe respectiplace only amany1.

by forming tasurementsfor elementa

j

Cj n

I1

ce for produc

ce for produ

of price seri

relationshiprts. This facss of the ret. When cal

e Carli index

he indices deation, is provce” manual ondex calculat

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 18

ts, and henes should refication and

he 9-digit G

dual price rehree formulamatical formve previous

at a fixed ref

the arithmes of the pricary aggregat

ji i

it

j p

p

0

ct i in period

uct i in perio

es for eleme

ps for the inilitates a suported unitslculating by

x is hence no

escribed herevided in Chapof the Internattion leads to t

ndustrial

8

nce goods wepresent a d the level oP code leve

eports withiae used mosmulae, the cs period. In ference poin

tic mean of ce series of te j is carried

d t

d 0

entary index

ndividual elummary of ths. If the Car

y chaining inot transitive2

, including thter 9.B, pp. 2tional Monetathe same res

as pe

with a similuniform str

of detail of tel is used f

n an elemenst frequentlyurrent repor the contextnt in time, s

the individ a basket itd out accord

x j

ements, thehe price devrli index is cndividual re2.

he advantage213 et seqq. oary Fund, ISBult as the cal

er: August 2

lar price deratification lthe universafor this in t

ntary aggregy to form anrts can be ret of the pro

since this fo

ual price retem. The mding to Form

e volume covelopment ocalculated w

eport period

s and disadvof the “Produ

BN 1-58906-3lculation of th

019

evelopment.level of theal set for allthe German

gate can be elementary

elated eitheroducer priceorm of index

lationships.athematical

mula 9.1.

omponent isof individualwith a fixed

ds, one may

vantages of cer Price 04-X.

he chained

. e l

n

e y r e x

. l

s l

d y

Method

Chapter

9.13 The relaBy addinascertaicalculat

9.14 quantitacheaperchangedin the insame refixed ba

9.15 As a thigeometrfor elem

9.16 Jevons dramati

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Dutot inationship of ng the indivned and canion for the i

[Formul

With

For the ative delimitr ones whend when a vondex. In consult is obtai

ase.

Jevons ird possibiliric mean of p

mentary aggr

[Formul

With

The Jevindex is acally-falling


Calculation

ndex: average pric

vidual price n be compandex accord

la 9.2]

itp : pric

0ip : pric

jn : no.

use of the tations are un averages

olume changntradistinctioined by chai

index: ty, the elemprice relatioegate j is fo

la 9.3]

itp : pric

0ip : pric

jn : no.

ons index islways smal prices. The


P

ces is formereports withred with the

ding to Dutot

j

jDj

n

nI

1

1

ce for produc

ce for produ

of price seri

Dutot indexused within a

of the indivge occurs sion to the Caining the ind

mentary indenships or ofrmed accord

ji

JjI

ce for produc

ce for produ

of price seri

s also charaller than o Jevons inde

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 18

ed by calculahin an elemee average prt ID for elem

jii

j

jiit

j

p

p

0

1

ct i in period

uct i in perio

es for eleme

x, it is decisa group. Expvidual reponce the voluarli index, tdividual mon

ex can be cf average prding to Form

jn

j i

it

p

p1

0

ct i in period

uct i in perio

es for eleme

acterised by r equal to

ex always tak

ndustrial

8

ating the eleentary aggrerice of the bentary aggre

d t

d 0

entary index

ive that hompensive prodrted prices ume corresphe Dutot indnthly indice

calculated arices is form

mula 9.3.

j

j

n

jii

n

jiit

p

p

1

0

1

d t

d 0

entary index

transitivity. the Carli kes on the v

as pe

ementary indegate, the avase period.

egate j.

x j

mogeneous ducts take oare formed

ponds to thedex is transs as by calcu

s a Jevons ed. The inde

x j

By using thindex, and

value 0 if a p

er: August 2

dex accordiverage repo Formula 9.2

products anon a greater d. Equally, te weight of

sitive, meanulating the i

index. To thex according

he geometrid reacts seprice report i

019

ng to Dutot.rted price is2 shows the

nd standardweight thanhe index isthe producting that theindex with a

his end, theg to Jevons IJ

c mean, thensitively tois 0.

. s e

d n s t e a

e J

e o

Method

Chapter

B.2

9.17 level of weightinunits the

9.18 accordin

9.19 to form the prevcase if incorpor

9.20 methodstheoretithe pricedesegrelevel. HeThis homunusual

B.3

9.21 rule as tsub-divitimber, t

9.22 For lightlocationmeasurethe entelocationthe shar

9.23 into acc

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Calculat

In the G the individng level; it inemselves (c

For eacng to the fol

[Formul

With

These ielementary

vious perioda chained

rated into th

It emergs of the elecally better e developm

egation levelence, a highmogeneity il price devel

Particula

As descthe most deided in greathe mineral

Light fut fuel oil, diens, this spaement per eerprises of an by being ere that the fi

Productount when a


Calculation

tion method

German produal basket includes thef. Chapter 5

ch price replowing form

la 9.4]

itp : pric

0ip : pric

ndividual m indices acc

d. Hence, it index were

he elementa

ges when obementary in suited. Theent of the inl is highly dhly-homogens the subjelopments de

arities

cribed, elemetailed weigater detail t oil products

uel oil, dieseesel and moatial sub-diventerprise isa market locevaluated wiirm has of re

t changes aascertaining


P

in Germany

ducer price sitems (most individual p – Samples)

resentative ula, pi0 depi

itMZ

ce for produc

ce for produ

easurementording to Cais possible t

e used. Thery index wit

bserving thendex, whiche differencesndividual pridetailed in Gneous price

ect of considerogating fro

mentary indicghting level.han the 9-ds light fuel o

el and motortor spirit (ga

vision beings calculatedcation are coith firm weigefinery capa

nd changesg the elemen

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 18

y

statistics eletly 9-digit Gprice repres).

i a measuricting the ba

100*0i

it

p

p

ct i in period

uct i in perio

ts are summarli, referencto avoid the

e individual hout weight

e advantageh are explais however bice represen

Germany; su developmederable atteom the avera

ces at the le. For some pdigit GP codoil, diesel an

r spirit (gasoasoline), prig retained fd for each mollated to foghts. Each ecity in Germ

s in the qualntary indices

ndustrial

8

ementary indP code). Th

sentatives, w

rement MZ iase price of

d t

d 0

marised in thce always be index bein measuremting.

s and disadvned in sect

become lessntatives withubdivision isent within anention in thage are reco

evel of the 9products, th

de or the band motor spi

oline): ce surveys afor the furt

market locatorm an averenterprise re

many.

lity of the prs. An eleme

as pe

dices are as e goods typ

which are se

s ascertainethe product

he German peing made t

ng intransitivents of a b

vantages of tion B.1, thas extreme thhin an elemes effected dn elementarye context ognised and

-digit GP codhe level of tasket item. Trit (gasoline

are carried oher calculation. The varage measureceives its f

rice representary index

er: August 2

a rule calcupe is the moelected by th

ed on a mo i in referenc

producer prito the base ve, which wbasket item

f the variousat the Jevohe more hoentary aggreown to 9-di

ry aggregatef data plau examined h

de are ascehe elementThese are b

e).

out in individtion. An avrious measurement for efirm weight

ntatives muis always ca

019

ulated at theost detailedhe reporting

onthly basisce year 0.

ce statistics year, not to

would be them are hence

s calculationns index ismogeneous

egate is. Thegit GP code

e is the rule.sibilisation;

here.

rtained as aary index is

bread, sawn

dual marketverage priceurements ofeach market in line with

ust be takenalculated on

e d g

s

s o e e

n s s e e . ;

a s n

t e f t

h

n n

Method

Chapter

the basirepresen

9.24 price repof the comparaproduct measure

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

is of measurntatives:

[Formul

With

A precopresentativenew producable previou is calculateements of th

[Formul

[Formul

With


Calculation

rements whi

la 9.5]

itp : price

0ip : price

ondition herees. If by contct is not aus month’s ped accordinghe new prod

la 9.6]

la 9.7]

newp0 : Ficnewtp 1 : Co

oldtMZ 1 : MenewtMZ : Me

newtp : Pr


P

ich belong t

itMZ

for product

for product

e is that no trast a pricevailable in price is calcg to formulaeuct.

new

Mp0

newtMZ

ctitious base

omparable p

easurement

easurement

ice of period

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 18

o a basket i

100*0i

it

p

p

i in period t

i in period 0

changes or e representa most caseulated. Thise 9.6 and 9.

oldt

newt

MZ

p

1

1

100*0new

newt

p

p

e price for th

previous mo

t of the prev

t of period t

d t for the ne

ndustrial

8

tem. These

t

0

replacementive change

es to calculs means tha7 below and

0

he new prod

nth’s price f

ious period

for the new

ew product

as pe

relate to the

ts are obsers product orlate a meat a fictitiousd used for th

uct

from period

t-1 for the o

product

er: August 2

e base price

rved with thr quality, thesurement,

s base price he further ca

t-1 for the n

old product

019

of the price

e individuale base priceand only a for the new

alculation of

new product

e

l e a w f

Method

Chapter

C.

C.1

9.25 plausibiindividuaggrega(cf. Chapindividuthe over

9.26 possibilaccordinexplore

9.27 The weiLaspeyreindividuproportimathemacross t

9.28 conditiocompari

9.29 aggregagoods isfixed satime intperiods changes

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Calcula

Overvie

As was ilised price

ual basket itted indices;pter 4 – Wei

ual weights wrall index.

When lities are thng to Laspey below.

The Lasights for thes on the b

ual elementonate dome

matical calcuhe periods,

[Formul

With p

p

q

w

The Lason that theison to the b

Placingtes makes is composed

ales shares. tervals; thes ensures thes are depicte


Calculation

ation of hig

ew

described i series are tems. The in; the weightighting). An with which

it comes theoretically yres, the ind

speyres indehe individuabasis of thetary indicesestic sales ulation of th with consta

la 9.8]

itp : price fo

0ip : price fo

0iq : volume

0iw : sales s

speyres indee volume sbase period.

g the weighit possible td in all peri Because o

se take place direct comed in the ind


P

gher aggreg

n the sectioarithmeticadividual ele

ts of the ind index hencethe elemen

o the aggravailable. T

dex accordin

ex: al elementae domestic are incorpof the good

he index acant weights f

LI

or product i

or product i

e of product

share of the

ex shows hostructures o.

ting on theto observe pods of the f changing

ce in the comparability odex.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 18

gated indic

on above, thally averagedementary inddividual base depicts thtary indices

regation of The most u

ng to Paasch

ary indices sales of th

porated intods from theccording to from the bas

00

0

*

*

ii

iit

qp

qp

in period t

in period 0

t i sold in pe

product i in

ow the pricesof the inco

e basis of tpure price csame quanstructures, ntext of reb

of the prices

ndustrial

8

ces

he respectivd to ascertadices must bket items ae weighted

s are incorpo

the individusual formuhe and the in

are calculahe base yeao the overae base perio Laspeyres. se period.

0

*i

it p

p

p

riod 0

the total sa

s have chanoming good

the referencchanges withtities of thevolume adj

basings. Det. If goods qu

as pe

e measuremain the elembe summarire used for average of eorated reflec

dual elemeulae of aggrndex accord

ated in the ar. The weigall index, iod. Formula A fixed ba

00

00

*

*

ii

ii

qp

qp

les of all rep

ged as agais have rem

ce period toh constant ve individual ustments artermining thuality remai

er: August 2

ments of thementary indised to calcuthe further elementary ict their sign

entary indicregation are

ding to Fishe

formula aght w0, withs calculate

a 9.8 belowasket of goo

0

* ii

it wp

p

presented g

nst the basemained unc

o calculate volumes. Th products, dre necessar

he weights ons constant

019

e completelydices of theulate higheraggregationindices. Thenificance for

es, variouse the indexer, which we

ccording toh which thed from the

w shows theods is used

0i

oods

e period, onchanged in

the higherhe basket ofdepicted byry at certainover severalt, pure price

y e r n e r

s x e

o e e e d

n n

r f y n l

e

Method

Chapter

9.30 When caconsideweights

9.31 conditioperiod.

9.32 volumescalculatconsideof the vchange

9.33 As showindex achighly lacalculatindex.

9.34 combinicalculatby usingby volum

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Paaschalculating thred. As sho in the obse

[Formul

With

The Paaon that the

If the Pas sold, i.e. tion that is ared, on the

various periin the prices

Fisher iwn in Formulccording to aborious sine the Laspe

[Formul

With

The goaing two pricion of the F

g the Paaschme changes


Calculation

e index: he index accown by Formrvation peri

la 9.9]

itp : pr

0ip : pr

itq : so

asche indexvolume stru

aasche indethe turnoveradjusted to other hand ods are nots or from ch

ndex: a 9.10, the Paasche by

nce both infoeyres index,

la 9.10]

LI : In

PI : In

al of the Fisce indices, aFisher index he index, ch.


P

cording to Pmula 9.9, wod.

PI

rice for prod

rice for prod

old quantity

x shows howuctures of t

ex is used, itr of the varicurrent mar this survey t directly coanging volu

Fisher index forming theormation on as must th

F II

dex accordin

dex accordin

her index isand to mitig highly laboanges to th

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 18

Paasche, thewith the Paa

iti

itit

qp

qp

*

*

0

uct i in perio

uct i in perio

of product i

w the prices he period u

t is necessaous goods t

rket conditio is highly laomparable smes.

x uses both te geometric

n the volumehe sales qua

PL II *

ng to Laspey

ng to Paasc

s to retain thgate the disarious. The we index not

ndustrial

8

e changing pasche index

od t

od 0

in period t

have changunder report

ary to collecttypes. Whils

ons, since thborious in esince index

the price ind mean of th

es sold in thantities of t

yres

he

he advantagadvantages

weights of th being cause

as pe

production q the sales q

ged as againt had alread

t in each pest on the onhe respectiveach period. changes ca

dex accordinese two inde base periohe current p

ges of both c of both. Hohe elementaed by pure p

er: August 2

quantities ovquantities a

nst the basedy applied

riod informane hand thise market str. Also, the inan result ei

ng to Laspeydices. The caod must be period for t

calculation owever, thisary indices aprice change

019

ver time areare used as

e period, onin the base

ation on thes leads to aructures arendex valuesther from a

yres and thealculation isavailable tohe Paasche

methods bys makes theare updatedes , but also

e s

n e

e a e s a

e s o e

y e d o

Method

Chapter

C.2

9.35 for the cto the bindex. Tcalculatproductsamplesbelow sfor perio

9.36 index oelementof these

9.37 possiblethe clas

9.38 system. GP code(WZ 200codes.

9.39 Groupinserving

3 Produc

produc4 Counci

industrEC No.

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Calculat

In the Gcalculation obasket itemsThe basket ed every fivion and sas. They are ahows the co

od t.

[Formul

With

The prof producer tary indices,e weights is f

Merginge to distingusifications u

The firs In practice

es. Aggregat08) in sepa

The unsgs)3”, whichanalytical p

ts from produers of consuml Regulation (rial groupings L 142/26).


Calculation

tion method

German prodof the highes. The weighof goods ite years. By t

ales structuraggregated onnections b

la 9.11]

jn : no. o

itp : price

0ip : price

0jU : dome

jtEI : eleme

0jw : sales

oducts from prices of in, the weightformed by th

g the elemeuish here beused, and un

st include ain Germanyted indices rate levels

systematic ah are prescrurposes. To

ucers of intermer durables(EC) No 1165s (MIGS) last


P

in Germany

ducer price sr aggregatedhting schemself, as welthese meanres, and it to form ind

between ele

j

tPI

f price serie

for product

for product

estic sales o

entary index

s share of ba

elementary ndustrial pros being set he sales val

ntary indiceetween the ansystematic

aggregation, indices areare also calfor the sect

aggregationibed by the this end, fo

mediate good, products fro/98 concerniamended by

r Prices of Inket)

Page 9 of 18

y

statistics, thd indices. Th

me allocatesll as the wes, the basis

is ensuredices with th

ementary ind

j ji i

i

j p

p

n

1

s for basket

i in period t

i in period 0

of all goods o

x of basket i

asket item j i

indices andoducts (domfor the duraues of the in

es can lead taggregation

c aggregation

s by goodse calculatedlculated for tions, the s

s include th short-term

or instance,

ds, products om producersing short-term Commission

ndustrial

8

he elementahe level of ths an unambeights of ths for the calcd that the ihe aid of thedices and th

jj

j

i

it

U

U

0

0

0

*

t item j

t

0

of basket ite

tem j for pe

in the total s

d weights armestic markation of the vndividual go

to the forma levels sub-ns.

s aggregate by 9-digit G sub-divisioub-sections

he sub-divisstatistics rethe overall i

from produces of consumem statistics as Regulation (E

as pe

ary indices fhe elementaiguous weige individua

culation is andex is ba

e Laspeyres he higher-ag

j

jtEI *

em j in perio

riod t

sales of all r

re added oveket) is hencvalidity of a

oods types o

tion of a vardivided hier

s corresponGP codes, asn according, as well as

ions by the egulation4, andex not inc

ers of capital r non-durables regards the EC) No 461/2

er: August 2

form the staary indices cght to each l basket itedjusted to t

ased on rep formula. Fo

ggregated pr

jw 0*

od 0, 0jU

represented

er all baskece a weighte base period

of the basket

riety of aggrrarchically a

nding to ths well as by g to economs the 2-, 3-

MIGs (“Maias well as sucluding ene

goods, produes, energy. definition of

2012 of 31 M

019

rting valuescorresponds elementary

ems, are re-he changed

presentativeormula 9.11rice index PI

00 * jj qp

goods

t items. Theed mean ofd. The basist of goods.

regates. It isaccording to

e GP 2009 6- to 2-digit

mic activities and 4-digit

in Industrialub-divisionsrgy, and the

ucts from

f main ay 2012 (OJ

s s y -

d e

I

e f s

s o

9 t s t

l s e

Method

Chapter

overall icalculat

C.3

9.40 additionelementof the cThe weigelement

9.41 complieprice seare calcindividuweightinshare ofto one dmonth orounded9.12 bel

9.42 program

9.43 are violaall.

9.44 which acalculatpresent confidenaccountvalues welementother ele

9.45 ensuring

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

ndex not ined, for insta

Particula

Variousn to an overtary indices oncomitant ghts for the tary indices.

Roundied with with

ries, figuresculated as ual indices ang shares. Wf each baskedecimal poiof the previod indices, alow.

[Formul

With

The Germme. More p

The priated. In gen

Reasonre used to dion, the com in certain ntiality. Anat which are awhich primatary aggregaementary in

The anog the confid


Calculation

cluding minance price in

arities

s further agrall index. Th as the basis elementary sub-aggreg.

ng off rulesin all the ca

s are roundean average

are defined Whilst the eet item is stnt. The cha

ous year calcre also roun

la 9.12]

tPI : p

1tPI : p

rman produprecise inform

nciple applineral terms,

s for keepiderive the wmplete data

aggregatesalogously toalso subjectarily must bates, of whidex, as well

onymity of tdentiality of


P

neral oil prodndices for va

gregations he calculatis for the cal

y indices, anates are eac

are determalculations. ed to one de of the rouas a weight

elementary itated per thonge rates (Vculated fromnded to one

PI

PVR

price index o

price index o

cer price stamation on th

ies here thathe anonym

ng values sweighting sch are availab in the sou

o this, comp to barring i

be kept secch the weigl as of the ag

he data from the source

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 18

ducts is calcarious aggre

of individuaon of theselculation. Eand not usingch formed fr

mined for ea When asce

ecimal pointunded measted average indices are ousand withVR) as again

m the indicese decimal p

1100*1

t

t

I

PI

of period t

of compariso

atistics are chis is provid

at all data amity of the in

secret can rheme and tle, includingurces, the wplementary f as a resultret. If for in

ght of one isggregate itse

m the price statistics. F

ndustrial

8

culated. Furtgates of ma

al elementa higher agg

ach higher ag aggregate rom the tota

ach individuertaining thet, as is donesurements o of the rounrounded to

h two decimnst the prevs, in other woint and ar

100

on period

characteriseded in Chapt

are publishendividual da

result for inhe basket og barred valweight for values and

t of a publicnstance thers subject toelf, may also

survey is alFor this reas

as pe

thermore spnufacture of

ary aggregatregates is bggregate is indices thal of the weig

al calculatioe measureme for the eleof the elemded elemen one decimal points. T

vious monthwords the rele calculated

ed by a comter 13 – Diss

ed if no conatasets mus

nstance fromof goods. To ues. If indivthis aggreg

d aggregatesation conclure is a high

o confidentiao not be pub

so to be guson, individ

er: August 2

pecial compf machinery

tes are alsobased on the calculated wt are alreadghts of the c

on step, anments for the

mentary indmentary aggntary indicesal point, th

The indices ah and againslationship bd according

mprehensive semination.

nfidentiality st be guaran

m the sourco calculate thvidual barredgate is alsos are to beusions can bher aggregatality, the weblished.

aranteed indual elemen

019

ositions are.

o formed ine individualwith the aid

dy available.concomitant

d these aree individualdices. Thesegregate. Thes and of thee weightingare roundedst the same

between twog to Formula

publication

regulationsnteed above

ce statisticshe basis ford values are subject to

e taken intobe drawn onte from twoeight of the

addition totary indices

e

n l

d . t

e l

e e e g d e o a

n

s e

s r e o o n o e

o s

Method

Chapter

may onlare inclserve asthe indiguaranterespondaggrega

D.

D.1

9.46 as of vasales vaweights

9.47 necessitlonger rthe indineeded.reportinmainly nincorporthe sam

9.48 weightinweights and salereportin

9.49 the weigchanged

9.50 standardmeasure

9.51 also theelementof chancompara

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

ly be publisuded in thes a basis forces dependeed that no

dent enterprted level wi

Rebasin

Genera

The moarious sampalues of the and of the s

The wetated by cheflects the cividual elem. In particulg units and needs to berated into thples are re-d

Variousng scheme i of the indives values. Eg units and

Rebasinghting schemd market str

An upddised to theements mus

It is noe number of tary indices.nged elemeable with th


Calculation

hed if the re calculationr the calculas on whethe conclusionsrises. If thill be publish

ng

l

nthly index les (basket reference psamples.

eights and anging marcurrent prod

mentary aggar, the com the price re

e updated athe samples wdetermined.

s fundamentis primarily vidual elemeEqually, new the price re

ng, in other me and of thuctures are

ate of the be new base st be rebase

t only the c price series. By means oentary indicose prior to


P

reports of atn. Hence, n

ation of the her the anonys may be dras cannot b

hed.

calculation of goods, re

period are th

the samplerket conditioduction andgregates areposition of

epresentativt the time owithin exist.

tal tasks arascertained

entary aggrew samples apresentative

words a chhe samples,taken into a

base period period, mead to the new

compositions and henceof changed wces, the h the rebasin

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 18

t least threeot all price higher aggreymity of theawn as to p

be ensured

takes placeeporting unihe main so

es are updons and str sales distr

e out of da the basket

ves are updaof rebasing. ing basket i

re to be card for the newegates are caare determines (cf. Chapt

hangeover to, takes plac

account for t

leads to a saning that thw reference y

n of the base the numbeweights, of aigher-aggregg.

ndustrial

8

e price repre indices areegates. The data can bricing and thwith indivi

e on the basits, price repurce of info

ated when uctures. Ovibution of inte. Equally, of goods reated on an oOutside rebtems, other

ried out whw base perialculated dened both foter 5 - Samp

o a new base as a rule e

the current p

situation in hey are set tyear.

sket of gooder of the prica different cgated indic

as pe

esentatives e publishedlevel of detae ensured. Ihe price devdual price

is of the weipresentativermation for

a rebasinger time, thendustrial pro adjustmen

equires reguongoing basbasings, newwise inclusi

en a rebasiod (cf. Chap

epending onor the baskeples).

se year withevery five yeprice surveys

which all pto 100. This

ds which chce-reporting omposition ces are als

er: August 2

of different d; they howeail of the puIn particularvelopment oreports, on

ighting schees). The prod the compil

g takes plae weighting oducts; the

nts in the sular updatessis, the baskw products ion is not po

ing takes ppter 4 - Wei

n the currentet of goods

h a new comears. New prs.

price measurs means tha

anges in re units for th of the priceso no long

019

enterprisesever always

ublication ofr, it must beof one of thely a higher

eme, as wellduction andation of the

ace. This is scheme no weights for

samples ares. Since theket of goodscan only beossible until

lace. A newghting); thet productionand for the

mposition ofroducts and

rements aret the earlier

ebasing, bute individual

e series, andger directly

s s f e e r

l d e

s o r e e s e l

w e n e

f d

e r

t l

d y

Method

Chapter

D.2

9.52 weightinperiod awell as being lovarious the indiv

9.53 each rebweights final weimporta

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Method

Rebasinng scheme aare availablenecessitatin

ong after thtasks whichvidual steps

As descbasing. The of the indiv

eighting schnt user grou


Calculation

d followed in

ngs are carand the newe. Each rebang considerae new base

h have to be s. The greyed

cribed in Ch basket of gvidual baskeme is crea

ups, in partic


P

n Germany

ried out evew basket of asing requirable preparae year. The carried out d-out tasks a

apter 4 – Woods is form

ket items areated. The drcular the tra

r Prices of Inket)

Page 12 of 18

ery five yeaf goods starres coordinaatory work. figure 9.2 b in rebasingare subject

Weighting, a med on this e revised, araft of the bde associat

ndustrial

8

ars as a rulrts when theation work toThis also le

below show. More detaito coordinat

new weight basis. Whens shown in

basket of goions.

as pe

e. The worke required do be carried

eads to the ts in an appils are subsetion with the

ing scheme n compiling Chapter 5 –oods is coor

er: August 2

k to ascertadata from thd out with thtime of the proximate oequently proe users.

is firstly asg the goods – Samples, rdinated wit

019

ain the newhe referencehe users, aschangeoververview the

ovided as to

certained insample, the so that theth the most

w e s r e o

n e e t

Method

Chapter

Figure 9

9.54 comparefrom thethis itemnumber

We(

G(ba

Fi

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

.2 Rebasin

Once thed with the e future samm is removed of new item

eighting schem(all 9-digit GP

codes)

Goods sampleasket of good

inal weightinscheme


Calculation

g flow chart

he goods sa items of th

mple, a priced from the p

ms is additio

Appro

me -

e ds)

g

Re

Pr

d

B


P

t

mple has behe previous e survey on

price survey.nally includ

oximate

Publication programme

eporting unit be deleted

rice survey unrebasing

Release fromduty to report

Basket items tbe deleted

r Prices of Inket)

Page 13 of 18

een ascerta index basisly takes pla

. The lion’s sed in the go

e rebas

Rind

to

ntil

m t

Pre

R

Expric

N

to Pr

ndustrial

8

ined, the ins. For itemsace until theshare of basoods sample

sing pr

Database Genesis

Recalculation dex on new b

evious reportunit retained

ebasing to nebase year

xamination of tce representat

ew basket ite

Basket itemretained

rice survey unrebasing

as pe

dividual sel which are

e time of thesket items ree.

rocess

of ase

R

em

ting d

ew

the ives

Der

Fine

em

ntil Re

er: August 2

lected baskedeleted in te rebasing,

emains in th

… etc.

Reporting unisample

Retrograde extrapolation measuremen

Price survey

efinition of prrepresentativ

irst contact wew reporting u

moval from psurvey

019

et items arethis context after whiche sample; a

its

of ts

y

rice es

with unit

price

e t

h a

Method

Chapter

9.55 selectedof reporreasonsrebasing

9.56 the pricrespecti

9.57 this pronew basbase yebase priitems. T

9.58 months are rebaindividuFormula

9.59 year; thwhich d

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

Once thd, as describrting units. of represeg, when they

New unce developmve item of th

Ideally cedure is thse year. If par data for ice is missin

Thus a fictitio

If curren under repoased on th

ual month aa 9.13

[Formul

With

Thereupe indices aepicts the in


Calculation

he individuabed in Chapt

In this conntativenessy are release

nits that havment. Thesehe basket of

the reportinhat new selerice represethe calculang for measous base pri

nt measuremrt as from Jae new refe

are divided

la 9.13]

newtMZ : oldtMZ : oldBMZ 2 :

pon, the indscertained

ndividual ev


P

al basket itter 5 – Samp

ntext, a num. A price sued from the

ve been sele units havef goods.

ng units are ected baske

entatives fortion of the

surements foice is calcula

ments are avanuary of th

erence year.by the ave

newtMZ

measurem

measurem

average me

dex is re-caon the old

vents as they

r Prices of Inket)

Page 14 of 18

ems have bples. Rebasi

mber of repurvey contin obligation t

ected are inve to define

selected pret items havr new baskebase price or the missiated.

vailable for he new base. To this enerage measu

10*2

oldB

oldt

MZ

MZ

ent in perio

ent in perio

easurement

lculated onbase are re

y occur.

ndustrial

8

been compiing is used torting units

nues to takeo report.

vited by decprice repre

rior to the nve to be cal

et items are will be missing period a

all price repe year on thend, the meurement of

00

d t on the ne

d t on the ol

t in the base

the new baevised. The

as pe

led, the repto fundamens is removede place for t

cision to sensentatives t

ew base yealculated from selected aftsing. For pri

are calculate

presentativee basis of thasurementsthe new ba

ew base 2 =

ld base 1 = 1

e year 2 on th

ase from Jafollowing fi

er: August 2

porting unitsntally revised from the these until

nd a monththat corresp

ar. The mainm the beginfter the startrice represened using sim

es of the samhe old base s ascertainease year, a

= 100

100

he old base

nuary of thigure shows

019

s sample is the sample sample forthe time of

ly report onpond to the

n reason fornning of thet of the newntatives themilar basket

mple for the year, these

ed for eachs shown in

1 = 100

e new bases a timeline

s e r f

n e

r e w e t

e e h n

e e

Method

Chapter

Figure 9

9.60 months thereforbasis of

9.61 retroactgoods wthe basbetweendevelopdeviatiotime of January

Base

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

.3 Schedu

The pric January to re take the f the new cal

In Germively calcula

with the prevsis of the nn the begin

pment is comons are relat

rebasing. Ta 2015, calcu

Sch

e year 1


Calculation

ule of rebasin

ce index of tDecember ovalue 100. lculation ba

man practiceated on a nevious weigh

new weightning of the

mpared, calctively small,able 9.1 dep

ulated both o

hedule o

Base

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on b


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ng

the base peof the corresThe price dses with a n

e, when rebew base. Wi

hting scheming replace new base culated both, despite mapicts by wayon base 201

of the ind

year 1 = 10

culation and tion of the in

base 1 = 100

r Prices of Inket)

Page 15 of 18

riod, in othesponding ye

developmennew base pe

basing is caith the chan

me are calcu the previoperiod and

h on the old ajor time inty of exampl10 and on ba

dex calc

00

Base year 2January

dex

Re-c

ndustrial

8

er words theear, serves t in the foll

eriod.

arried out tngeover, no lated any lo

ously-calcula rebasing. S and on the tervals betwle the changase 2018 fo

ulation i

Base yea

2

calculation onrevision o

as pe

e average of as a new relowing perio

the course price indiceonger; the reated price iSubsequent new base. P

ween the nege rates fromr the 2-digit

in rebas

ar 2 = 100

Time of rebasing

Calcupublicatio

on bas

n base 2 = 10f the indices

er: August 2

the price ineference yeaods is depi

of the pricees for the ole-calculatedindices for

t to rebasinPractice sho

ew base perm July 2018t GP codes.

ing

lation and on of the indese 2 = 100

00 and

019

dices of thear and mustcted on the

e indices isld basket of

d indices on the periodg, the priceows that theiod and the

8 as against

t

ex

e t e

s f

n d e e e t

Method

Chapter

Table 9.

Sections

Total

05 Coa06 Crud08 Oth10 Foo11 Bev12 Tob13 Text14 Wea15 Leat16 Woo

of s17 Pap18 Prin19 Cok20 Che21 Bas22 Rub23 Oth24 Bas25 Fab26 Com27 Elec28 Mac29 Mot30 Oth31 Furn32 Oth33 Rep35 Elec36 Wat383 Rec

9.62 base pe

9.63 to variou

D.3

9.64 conversseries, a

9.65 new bas

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

1: Compar2010

of GP2002

al and lignite de petroleumer mining andd products

verages acco producttiles aring apparelther and relaod and of protraw and plai

per and papernting and recoke, refined peemicals and csic pharmaceubber and plaser non-metal

sic metals ricated meta

mputer, electrctrical equipmchinery and etor vehicles, ter transport e

niture er manufactu

pair and instactricity, gas ater and servicycling

No newriod; long se

Equallyus further ta

Formatio

Both thion of the in

and hence th

By virtuse period do


Calculation

rison of the

m and natural d quarrying p

ts

l ted products oducts of wooiting materialr products ording servicetroleum prod

chemical produtical produc

stic products llic mineral pr

l products, exronic and optment equipment n.etrailers and sequipment

ured goods llation servicnd district he

ces of distribu

w index calceries over th

y, a review oasks. User de

on of long se

he base andndex to a nehe index val

ue of this upoes not faci


P

change rate

gas products

od and cork; ls

es ducts ducts cts and pharm

roducts

xcept machintical products

e.c. emi-trailers

es of machineating supply ution of water

culation takehe base peri

of the publicemands are

eries

d the referenew base perue in this pe

pdating proclitate a dire

r Prices of Inket)

Page 16 of 18

es July 2018

except furnit

maceutical pre

nery and equis

nery and equiy r

es place food are form

cation progr taken into a

nce periods riod means teriod, takes

cess, rebasect comparis

ndustrial

8

8 vs. January

ture; articles

eparations

pment

pment

r the data ced by chain

amme is neaccount.

are updatethat the mea on the valu

ing causes son of the i

as pe

y 2015 on b

Base 2015

% 3,5

-1,6 -7,3 4,9 5,6 4,5 9,0 1,8 2,7 4,6

5,6 6,7 0,0

16,0 4,0 1,7 2,1 5,0 8,3 4,4

-0,6 3,5 3,8 2,1 2,8 5,3 3,8 6,9

-0,9 4,4 9,9

chronologicaing.

ecessary afte

ed when rebasurement oe of 100.

a caesura inndex values

er: August 2

base 2015 a

Base 2010

Dp

3,6

-1,6 5,5 5,4 5,7 5,5 7,7 1,5 3,1 4,9

5,9 7,3

-0,5 16,4

3,7 2,2 1,9 5,2 8,8 4,6

-0,2 3,8 3,8 2,1 2,5 5,0 3,9 7,0

-1,5 4,8

15,6

ally precedi

er rebasing,

basing takesof each indi

n the indexs with previo

019

and on base

ifference in percentage

points

0,1

0,0 12,8

0,5 0,1 1,0

-1,3 -0,2 0,4 0,3

0,3 0,7

-0,5 0,4

-0,3 0,5

-0,2 0,2 0,5 0,2 0,4 0,3 0,0 0,0

-0,3 -0,3 0,1 0,2

-0,5 0,4 5,7

ng the new

in addition

s place. Thevidual price

series. Theous periods

e

w

n

e e

e s

Method

Chapter

since thindividu

9.66 base pe

9.67 overlapp(rebasinoverlappcomparaaggrega

9.68 base be

9.69

9.70 period mfactors. with theweightin

9.71 depicts aggregawith con

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

he respectivual basket ite

In orderiod after re

Chaininping when cng to 2015ping periodable regardte indices

[Formul

With

The chafore January

Chainin

[Formul

With

Conversmakes it pos It should hoe original inng and samp

It shoul authoritativtes consist

nsiderably c


Calculation

ve samplesems.

r to still be ebasing, bot

ng of the icalculating t = 100 to. For those

ding its con

la 9.14]

2,1 BBiVF

2Bi JanI

1Bi JanI

aining factoy of the new

ng factors he

la 9.15]

2BtI :

1BtI :

2,1 BBVF :

sely, dividinssible to caowever be t

ndices on thple composi

ld be considve values ifof different

changed wei


P

s are compi

able to comh price serie

ndex valuethe price indok place fo items for wntents chai

V

: C

in

2Bnuary : In

in

2Bnuary : In

in

or shows by base year in

ence facilitat

2t

Bt II

index value

of period B

index value

of period Bchaining favalues with

ng the indiclculate an inaken into ache old baseitions.

dered in thef the contenelementary ight shares,

r Prices of Inket)

Page 17 of 18

iled differe

mpare the cues are chain

es of the vdices. The reor instance

which indicening factor

2,1Bi

BiBB

i I

IVF

haining fact

ndex values

ndex value i

ndex i

ndex value i

ndex i

y which factn order to ob

te simple as

2,11 * BBBt VF

e in period t

B2

e in period t

B1 actor for chh base 2

ces of the nndex on theccount here

e, since the

e interpretatnt of the n indices, or long series

ndustrial

8

ntly and ne

urrent price ed where po

various baseelatively lat

e in Augustes exist in rs are form

1

2

BB

BB

January

January

tor for chain

with base 2

n January of

in January o

or the indicbtain indice

scertainmen

t with t< Janu

t with t< Janu

aining of in

new base fr basis of th

e that the ind two index

ion of the loew and theif the individ should not

as pe

ew weights

indices withossible in or

e periods ie conversiot 2018) autboth base ped both fo

2

2

B

B

ning index v

for index i

f base year

f base year

ces must bes on the new

t and depict

uary of base

uary of base

dex values

rom Januarye earlier pedices thus cseries were

ong series the old basesdual basket be formed

er: August 2

are attribu

h those of trder to form

is contingen to the newtomatically periods andor elementa

values with

B2 on new

r B2 on old

e multipliedw base.

tion of long

e period B2

e period B2

with base 1

y of the newriod using tcalculated de formed wi

hat the calcs is compart items are inuntil higher

019

uted to the

he previous long series.

nt on timew base year

causes and which areary and for

base 1 and

base B2 for

base B1 for

on the old

series.

on the base

on the base

1 and index

w referencehe chaining

do not agreeith different

ulation onlyrable. If thencorporatedr aggregates

e

s

e r n e r

d

r

r

d

e

e

x

e g e t

y e d s

Method

Chapter

are avaiinterpre

D.4

9.72 technoloFundamelementcomposbe repreindex wo

9.73 series, it

9.74 only to aand theweightinto their the comcompos

9.75 counterpnoticeabinstancegoods gtheir signecessaaggregalevels. Halso be these vaconside

9.76 change the clascomparacompariexamineFor the productclassific

dical Guide oPr

r 9 – Index C

ilable. The ptations.

Problem

Rebasinogies into ental chang

ts of the pritions of we

esentative oould becom

Howevet must not b

In spitea limited de

e individual ng, it is poscontent bef

mposition of ed of other

It is epart prior tble if highee conceivabgroups weregnificance

ary when reted indices

Higher aggredepicted foalues, howered in the co

A fundaon which th

ssifications able to a resison of the ed to what dformation oion values

cation item c


Calculation

particularitie

ms

ng is the onthe basket ges in the crice survey. eighting schof the curren

e less autho

er, in additibe forgotten

e of the chaiegree if they 9-digit GP sible for bo

fore and afte the reportingoods types

equally posto rebasing,r-aggregatedle with revo

e not represhas increas

ebasing tak; no compa

egates coverr longer perever, the reontext of reb

amental prohe sub-divismeans that

stricted deg price indic

degree classof long pricis necessarcannot take


P

es of the ca

ly way to int of goods composition If no rebasemes and s

nt productiooritative and

on to the ne

ning of indi are chainedcodes are ith elementaer rebasing.ng units sams.

sible that , making chd indices alutionary prented in thsed over ti

kes place. Iarable indexr larger prodriods with thestrictions abasing and o

oblem ariseion by econt individual

gree. Individuces before ification iteme index ser

ry as a rule. place until J

r Prices of Inket)

Page 18 of 18

alculation m

tegrate new and to upd

n of the samsings were samples, aftn range of t

d less realist

eed to impl

ces to form d. Since witincorporatedary and high. With elememple may b

individual haining impre newly-int

roduct lines e old indexime and inn some ca

x of the preduct groupshe aid of theand sourcesof chaining.

es for the fonomic activit elementaryual productsand after rms agree acries, an ove. If this valuJanuary of th

ndustrial

8

ust be take

products andate the wmples are aimplementeter a certainthe producetic.

ement reba

long time sh rebasing ad into the oher-aggregatentary indice changed;

elementarypossible. Thtegrated in and newly-dx because onclusion in ases, chainievious base; hence, the

e long seriess of error th

ormation ofties and gooy indices ans are allocatrebasing moccording to terlap of 80 ue is not ache new base

as pe

n into cons

nd above allweighting straccommodaed, and henn time the inrs of indust

sings and t

eries price ia new baskeoverall calcuted indices es, the num higher-aggr

indices cahis problemthe weighti

developed teof their lesse

the weightng is poss

e period is ae price deves for aggregahat have be

f long serieods types isnd the highted to otherore difficulthe old and t% measurechieved, thee year.

er: August 2

ideration w

l new produructures of

ated, and thnce there wndices woultrial product

the significa

indices are et of goods ulation with to show dif

mber of priceregated indi

annot be am becomes ing schemeechnologieser market sting schem

sible only wavailable olopment canates. When

een describe

s if the clas based. Thier aggregatr areas, mak. In these the new clas

ed against te depiction

019

hen making

ct lines and the index.

hus becomeere no newd no longerts; the price

ance of long

comparableis compiled a changed

fferences ase series andices may be

allocated aeven more

; this is fors. Individualsignificance;

e becomeswith higher-n the lowern frequentlyinterpretinged must be

assificationss change in

tes are onlyking a directcases, it isssifications.he sales or of the new

g

d .

e w r e

g

e d d s d e

a e r l ; s -r y g e

s n y t s . r

w

Method

Chapter of In

10. Sp A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. A.

10.1 standardthe prodterms olems ocwhich acomplexurementchangeswith loncharactethese va

10.2 to use liindividusibilities

10.3 tailed prthe evenchange tion to caccomm

10.4 survey asuch asportant mation fsurvey bgoods ty

dical Guide oPr

10 – Speciandividual Pro

pecial pro

OvervieMineraMachinData pShips aRepair ElectricNatura

Overvie

It is difd sales eveducts form af sales. Sin

ccur when itre manufactx that they ct is made ms in productng productioeristics whicarious cases

In princist prices or

ual goods tys exist for m

Comparroduct descnt of price cin quality, echanges in t

modated.

This chaand index cas the Interndata for othfrom secondby questioniypes, and th


al Problems oducts

blems of

ew al oil produnery rocessing aand aircraft and installcity l gas

ew

fficult to imnts as prevan element ce however

t comes to ttured on a ocannot be cmore difficut and qualityon and delivch justify a ss.

ciple, there a price survepe and eachaking a pric

rable price ription whicchanges it ieach qualitythe physica

apter deals alculation. Wet, exchanghers. Chaptdary sourcesing the repo

hese are des


P

individua

cts

appliances t lation servi

mplement priously descof the bask

r no regularthe monthlyone-off basicompared ovult because y. Seasonalvery periodsseparate vie

are several pys for modeh individual

ce report and

measuremech contains as made pos

y change reql properties

with differeWith some oge and preser 6 – Data s. Some of torting units mscribed in th

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 12

al product

and electr

ices of mac

rice surveysribed. None

ket of goodsr, comparaby price surves or only at ver the peri of the prol products as. Certain pew in this ch

possibilitiesel products. l price surved which part

ents over sea precise dessible to disquiring adjuss, changed s

nt special pof these, usess publicati collection

the productsmonthly. Spe following

ndustrial

2

ts

onic compo

chinery and

for some petheless, pri because ofle purchasiey. These a certain timeods. With o

oduct particalso require roducts, in

hapter. Spec

s in the priceAn individu

ey with thesticularities m

everal periodefinition of tstinguish bestments in tsales condit

roducts whie is made ofons, whilst discusses ts discussed pecial formssections.

as pe

onents

d equipmen

products bice observatf their consing contractsre in most ces. Individu

other goods ularities sinspecial treaturn, are ty

cific solution

e survey. Foral decision e special pr

must be take

ds are alwayhe price repetween a puthe product tions must a

ich show paf secondary various ashe possibili here canno of collectio

er: August 2

nt

by monthly rtion is neceiderable sigs are conclucases special products types, the nce there aatment, as dypified by otns must be f

r instance, itmust be tak

roducts as ten into acco

ys contingepresentativeure price ch specificatioalso be reco

articularities sources of

ssociations ities of obta

ot be includeon are neede

019

1235678

10

reporting ofessary sincegnificance inuded, prob-ial products are also soprice meas-

are frequentdo productsther specialfound for all

t is possibleken for eacho what pos-unt.

ent on a de-s. Hence, inange and a

ons. In addi-ognised and

in the priceinformationprovide im-

aining infor-ed in a priceed for these

2 3 5 6 7 8 0

f e n -s o -t s l l

e h -

-n a -

d

e n --e e

Method

Chapter of In

B.

10.5 the devechanginhence a

10.6 holdingsopment

10.7 reportinvides inconsumket itemthe goodto varioplace wthe indivon a mo

Table 10

No. in Gcation 2

1920 21 1920 231920 251920 26 1920 26 1920 281920 291920 311920 31

1920 321920 42

. Weigh

10.8 are also

dical Guide oPr


Minera

The development ing supply anlso with min

The prics in domest is incorpora

When cg units therformation option cases

ms, above alds classificaus buyer grith the aid ovidual bask

onthly basis.

0.1 Ba

GP classifi-2009

D

1 000 M

3 005 L5 000 J6 005 D

6 007 F

8 005/007 F9 502 M1 001 L1 002 L

i2 000 E2 500 B

i

hting share is c

For moto published


al Problems oducts

al oil produ

velopment in the import

d demand sneral oil prod

ce survey fotic refineriesated in the o

calculating tre is close c

on typical tras which are l diesel fuelation systemoups. The dof informatio

ket items wit.

sket items f

Designation

Motor spirit (g

Light naphta et fuel (keros

Diesel fuel, so

Fuel oil, light,

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Ethylene, proBitumen fromnsulating and

confidential.

tor spirit (ga on a month


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cts (GP09 -

in producer prices for cstructures leducts on the

or mineral ois. Prices are

overall index

the weightscooperation ading conditthen used i and light fu

m. A distinctidistribution on from theth mineral o

for mineral o

gasoline), inc to whol from pe

(light distillatsine) old to whol to large from pe

, sold to whol to cons

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Page 2 of 12

- 19 2)

prices for mcrude petroleead to conside domestic m

il products te collected x.

s for the we with the Mtions (e.g. vn defining t

uel oil, thereion is madeof the weig

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oil products

cluding aviatiesale

etrol stations te for use in t

esale e consumers etrol stations

esale umers s), not used arbine oils or heating fue (propane/bu

lene, butadieoleum (blackhermoplastic

esel fuel, asn addition to

ndustrial

2

mineral oil eum. The inderable pricmarket.

takes place for various

ighting scheineralölwirtsolume bougthe price repe is a greate between sp

ghts among wirtschaftsve, the price d

(GP09 - 192

on gasoline

the petrochem

as refinery fee

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ne k or dark-brow material)

s well as ligo the price i

as pe

products deternational

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with those etypical sale

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ght and freigpresentativeer level of depecial consuthe individu

erband e.V. Tdevelopmen

2) - base per

mical industry

ed material

ane, chemicae in the petro

wn solid or s

ht fuel oil andices. The

er: August 2

epends verymarket conns in foreign

enterprises es events w

ompiling theand e.V. Theght basis) foes. With indetail than prumption casual types ofThe table bt of which i

riod 2015

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semi-solid

absolute avee informatio

019

y heavily onditions withn trade, and

which havehose devel-

e sample ofe latter pro-

or individualividual bas-rescribed byses applyingf case takeselow showss published

Weighting share per thousand

base 2015 10,57

8,03 2,54 0,81 0,82

12,97 3,94 0,78 8,25 2,15 2,02 0,13 0,45 1,70

.

0,16 0,34

0,55

erage pricesn is catego-

n h d

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f -l -y g s s d

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Method

Chapter of In

rised bymarket ltions regthis. Seplisted intionally

10.9 the evenindividudeterminationalcapacitiunit in taccordintions. Toue is use

10.10 calationin the av

C.

10.11 with conthis areason of drecurringcollectio

10.12 el produ

10.13 which cable effotions, mmarket iresents might be

10.14 the manproduct

10.15 disposations. Tdetermi

dical Guide oPr


y determinedlocations argarding the parate surve

n separate ta published a

When cnts are sub-ual sales evened by a nal weight of tes in Germathe respectingly calculato calculate ted.

Particul clauses. Fo

verage price

Machin

The mantracts and a, frequently

determined sg sales evenon.

Two meucts (model

Model pan be currenrt on the pa

must be comis to be asce the basket e possible to

Since thnufacturer ta can be repo

When cl. On the on

This goods ning charac


al Problems oducts

d customer gre differentia descriptioney sheets arables in the

as prelimina

calculating tdivided intoent is calculational firm the firm in qany. This meive market lted as an arthe average

larly the aveor instance, es of fuel oil

nery (GP09

anufacture oeach individy no compasales eventsnt is hence n

ethods are epricing) and

products arently achieveart of the enpiled for a fertained on item and tho sell this pr

his hypotheakes place foorted, which

compiling a ne hand, it itype has a

cteristics; th


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groups and ated. In contn of the price used for th

e monthly pury report ab

he average o sales to whlated from tweighting. question wheans that nolocations . Trithmetic me annual pric

erage prices the adjustm in the past.

- 28)

of many madual producarable produs of machinenot possible

essentially ud – where po

e defined in ed on the manterprises. Pfictitious sta a monthly bhe reportingroduct in the

tical producor productio

h is then inp

model prods possible t

already beenhe product

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Page 3 of 12

consumptiotradistinctio

ce representhe price surublication oout one wee

prices for liholesalers ahe market sEach price rhich correspo distinctionThe averageean from theces, the simp

s of fuel oil ament of gas

achines is frct showing cucts are manery really mae, and it is n

used in practossible only

the first mearket. The dPrecise prodandard prodbasis. One sg unit can ce period.

ct is not reaon, and afterut into the f

duct, the repto rely on ann produceddefinition a

ndustrial

2

on cases; witon to most otative for thervey. The moof the Federaek before th

ight fuel oil,and to the cosignificance report of a rponds to then is made be price for Ge average prple arithmet

are frequent prices was

requently tycustomer-spnufactured oanufacturednecessary to

tice in Germ in exception

ethod for whdefinition of duct specificuct, and theshould bear calculate on

lly traded or adding a purther index

porting unitsn actual prod and sold and the sale

as pe

th light fuel other baskete reporting

onthly resultal Statisticae publicatio

, two sales eonsumer. Th of the respereporting une share of thby the signifGermany perrices of the tic mean of t

tly used in coften coupl

ypified by thecific particover time, s is not poss

o rely on oth

any, namelynal cases –

ich the ente model prodcations, incle price that c in mind her a monthly

n the markerofit margin

x calculation

s have varioduct with reon the ma

es condition

er: August 2

oil additiont items, precunits are ne

ts on averagal Office. Theon date of th

events are dhe average pective repor

nit is weighthe firm in toficance of thr purchasing individual mthe twelve m

contracts wiled to the d

his taking pcularities. Paso that a prisible. The deher possibili

y the definit the use of li

erprise repoducts entailsluding the scan be achire that the p basis at wh

et, a cost ca the price fo

n.

us possibiliepresentativarket with tns are retai

019

nally variouscise instruc-ecessary for

ge prices areey are addi-e indices.

determined;price for therting unit asted with theotal refineryhe reportingg volume is

market loca-months’ val-

ith price es-evelopment

place in linearticularly ince compari-

efinition of aties of price

tion of mod-ist prices.

rts the prices considera-sales condi-eved on theproduct rep-hich price it

alculation ofor the model

ities at theirve specifica-these price-ned for the

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price reptime. A pother hahas sucachievaOffice.

10.16 tions arscriptionty, also portionaspecificahypotheproduct

10.17 with themade ofwhich ingrate a p

10.18 model pmodel foprice is developmarket spossible

dical Guide oPr


port althougprice which and, it is poch propertieble prices a

In usingre determinen contains ininformation

ate fixed cosations is it p

etical produc is necessar

Because price-deterf the methon most caseproduct into

List pricproducts. Thor which thefrequently n

pment in thesituations. Ne by other m


al Problems oducts

gh the prod can be achissible to de

es and qualare also det

g model proed in detail n addition t

n on workingsts, as well apossible to ct with one ry for each m

e of the marmining chad of model

es are indivio the price su

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e enterprise not a price ae medium teNonetheless

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uct is no loieved on thefine a hypotlity charactetermined on

ducts it is n and that tho the precis

g hours, macas the profitascertain coanother. A

monthly price

ajor effort inracteristics,products in dually manurvey which

dard modelle if the diffe can state a actually achierm since ths, list prices selected re

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 12

onger sold ine market is cthetical proderistics that

n a monthly

ecessary thhey remain se materials chine perfort margin of tomparable pnew calculae survey.

nvolved for t, as well as rare cases.ufactured, t is identical

ls are also uerent version basic price ieved on the

hese list pric are only usporting unit

ndustrial

2

n the originacalculated foduct which wt it could b basis and

at the produconstant ov that are to rmance, costhe enterprisprices and toation of all i

the reporting the monthly However, p

there is freq for a longer

used in somns sold on t as a startinge market, buces as a ruleed in excep.

as pe

ally-definedor this produwas not pro

be producedreported to

uct definitiover a longer be used, sta

st for designse. Only by do compare tndividual pr

g units in dy price dete

particularly wuently no o

r time.

me cases as he market ag point for put at least ree are adjusttional cases

er: August 2

form at latuct each mo

oduced in thd. In such

o the Federa

ns and the sr period. A dating volumen and compodeterminingthe price reprice compon

etermining erminations,with comple

other possib

an alternatare based onpricing. This eflects the mted to changs if a price s

019

ter points inonth. On theis form, buta case, the

al Statistical

sales condi-detailed de-e and quali-onents, pro-

g the preciseports for thenents of the

the product use is only

ex machinesility to inte-

ive to usingn a standard basic or listmarket priceged costs orsurvey is not

n e t e l

----e e e

t y s -

g d t e r t

Method

Chapter of In

D.

10.19 tronic coensure twhich bare repla

10.20 ment inoccur. Btions; nethat theproduct suitable

10.21 until latquate eweightin

10.22 market) fictitiouslapping,quality cquality cteristics

10.23 speed, ted by th

10.24 connect

10.25 procedumethod

dical Guide oPr


Data p

Rapid tomponent athat changeelong to theaced on the

Also, p the sector

Because of thew products

ere are no s specificatio

e quality corr

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early depicting in the ind

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rice change since the phe faster pros with other standard proons, in particrection proc

er problem i is only posion of thesedex.

ascertainingy, account icalculated hed in Chaptics, the regr

he individuaion.

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lowing formresumed.

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newer ones.

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e depends or the size ofas a functio

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Page 5 of 12

s and electr

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y not be posasing. Also is not poss

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n various chf the main mn of the vari

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e of the prodning charact

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period. This e EDP field ad.

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to the genern technical to consideralder goods.

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019

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ents, so that

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10.26 a monthhere. Thondary becausewards wenterpriup by owto furthebasket i

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0.2 Overview

bteilung

ectronic coments and boar

omputer eripheral eqent

ommunicatioquipment

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Goods

mpo-rds

2611 3

2611 3

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2612 2

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and quip-

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2620 1

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n 2630 2

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and aircraft

and aircraft bs is that in mon cycle maye generally

ods classes 3 calculatings regulation

or the two 4-


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kind

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30 800/940

20 000

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11 000

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calculated inigit GP code necessary f prices of wf the market research d

esalers and rnet. Here, trice indices.

t (GP09 - 3

belong to gomost cases oy span very lnot possibl

30 11 – Shipg the baske, no price s-digit codes

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 12

alculated by

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series are als. It would b

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y hedonic me

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data proceshousing at let and an out

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on equations used here.price policy h are collece market resketers are su

mentary indic

er motor veh small seriesontracts are urvey of comchts and 30 ghting. In cod in these sble for the ca

er: August 2

s

dynamic writ

tegrated circcomputer) milar cards f

essing machinnotebook commilar computssing machineast a centratput unit, wh

sing machine

machines them or a netwouting machin

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sectors, andalculation o

019

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es presented

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methods ons necessary

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particularityced. What isuded at longales events. and aircraftwith the EU there is no

of price indi-

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Table 10

Goods c

3020

3091

3092

3099

F.

10.29 tion WZequipmethe nati(GP 200the form9 classeprises sdivisionsion of thereforbeen ris

10.30 statisticare speccases thtion of mthereforreportinmainten

10.31 comparamainly t

1 Regulat

lishing (EEC) N

dical Guide oPr


use the me of effort be yet been do

The indadistinction 3011, 3012

0.3 Goods 2015 =

class

Repair

When th 2008 wereent (includinional classi

09). The newmer classifies (4-digit leervices of re is closely rmanufactur

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nance are oft

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tion (EC) No 1 the statistica

No 3037/90 a


al Problems oducts

thod of defcause of the

one in produ

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classes of t 100

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railway loco

motorcycles

bicycles and

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w built divisication, mai

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ce observatier prices as res. Only inservice is in or the like i-product for e to calculaten sold as a

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1893/2006 oal classificatioas well as cert


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fining modee considerab

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the basket

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s

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new division

ion in this d goods of di few cases demand ons often sold the producate a price a complete

ties and higomplete repobserve the

of the Europeaon of economtain EC Regul

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Page 7 of 12

el products,ble degree oatistics in Ge

0 is hence c, the primarained in the

of goods fr

rolling stock

riages

ent n.e.c.

ices of mac

f economic avision “repantroduced aterverzeichnes services wachinery an on the 9-digexcluding s

nding produas also bee

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nly of one cud as a comp

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gh burden fopair or insta price devel

an Parliamenmic activities

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2

which wouof complexitermany.

composed ory weights we weight of g

rom goods d

k

chinery and

activities NAir and insta

as well. Thisnis für Prodwhich had bd equipmegit level (“Gervice parts

ucts of the een assigned (GP 2009). unt of these

uite differentre pure serv demand of ustomer or iplete packaase it is verfor the ser

th the actua

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t and of the cNACE Revisioecific statistic

as pe

uld howeverty of the pro

nly of the fowhich would goods divisio

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been assignnt”. The neüterarten”).

s and similaconomic ac to section As the signi

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t from other vices. Norma more than n large time

age with thery difficult arvice. Even l product as

rting enterprices as deshis division

council of 20 on 2 and amecal domains.

er: August 2

r entail a coducts in qu

ollowing goo be attributeon 30.

- Other veh

nt (GP 33)

and the nativices of macso has beentistiken”, veed to other ew division. The divisioar products. ctivities and C of the Wificance of s

r goods obseally the serv one custome intervals. Te actual prond burdensservices in

s long-term g

rises to repocribed abov of goods.

December 20nding Counc

019

onsiderableuestion. This

ods classes.ed to goods

hicles, base

onal deriva-chinery and included in

ersion 2009 divisions in comprisesn only com- As the new goods divi-Z 2008 and

services has

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mer. In mostThe installa-duct and isome for the repair andguarantee.

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10.32 chargedmake a this pric

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10.34 sent 9 g

Table 10

Item

3311

3312

3313

3314

3315

3316

3317

3319

3320

. Weighti

G.

10.35 sales leves from

dical Guide oPr


The firsd for the staf

great share ce.

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0.4 Items chiner

m

Repair

Repair

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Repair

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cond alterna for a typica

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services of fa

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and mainten

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ve which is ded the servs price as a w

ative is morl service. Th

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abricated met

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ance services

ance services

ther equipme

s of industria

- 35 1)

with electricire gives a h

ption.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 12

the most pvice. The prewhole and a

re burdensohose typical s. But they aprices have ty be observedevelopmen

2015 encloonsist of 29

of section 3e 2015 = 10

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tal products

d optical equi

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s of other tran

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2

practicable econdition fare represen

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also can be the great aded. On the o

nt and the c

ses 32 item4 price serie

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case the reight really htotally artifivantage in cother hand components

ms on the 9-es of 277 dif

nd installat

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any at a varw of the ind

er: August 2

report the h is that the

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019

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Figure 1

10.36 Each sabasket i

Table 10

Basket

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AnnAnnAnnAnnAnnAnn

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dical Guide oPr


0.1 Sales lev

To calcles level reptems with e

0.4 Basket i

item

ity and servicity

sellers sold to house

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ectricity, bas

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Page 9 of 12

Germany

e index, prire invoiced m which sou

se 2015 = 10

d tariff tariff d tariff tariff rd tariff l tariff rs rd tariff l tariff

Wh kWh

municipal

s with elect

ndustrial

2

ces are collto the next lurces the pri

00

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tricity in Ge

as pe

ected at varlevel. Table ice informat

g share sand

Sou

99.18 78.64 23.82 Pro21.99 Re-

4.97 Re-0.06 Re-

13.74 Re-0.51 Re-1.18 Re-1.53 Re-4.45 Re-2.67 Re-1.78 Re-

28.38 10.77 Re-17.61

5.78 Re-8.75 Re-3.08 Sto5.22 Gri5.74 Gri9.58 Gri

Industrial

Specia(low vo

Pri

ermany

er: August 2

rious econo10.4 showstion comes.

urce

oducers (pow-sellers -sellers -sellers -sellers -sellers -sellers -sellers

-sellers -sellers -sellers

-sellers, prod

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l tariff based cus

al contract custooltage, high volt

ivate households

019

omic stages. the various

wer plants)

ducers

ducers ducers e

stomers

mers tage)

s

. s

Method

Chapter of In

10.37 closely sources the pricand the from theformed spot ma

10.38 chargestricity ta“OffshoPrices inpaymen

10.39 which re

10.40 sentativtariff anenterpriand the

10.41 EEG or Kbursemethe prodenterpri

H.

10.42 with elesurveyedoverview

2 EEG: R

Gz

KWK-La

3 Act on tLaw GaGazette

dical Guide oPr


The prilinked to t are used wes collected EPEX SPOT e homepagefor special-

arket are use

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ax. Furthermre-Haftungsnclude paymt for the acc

An exceepresents ab

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Renewable EnGazette [BGBzette Part I p.aw: Combined

Kraft-Wärmzette Part Part I p. 2

the Supply ofazette Part I pe Part I p. 280


al Problems oducts

ce developmhe price de

when calculad from energ are includede of the Enecontract cu

ed that are w

ce survey taces used for

more includeumlage” ac

ment for the counting and

eption is thbout 3.9% o

rises reportioduct groups according ng to the le

ursements, rre paid out ds and rebat, as these asumed the e

al gas (GP09

dex calculatmeans of prisurements fous sales le

nergies Act (G

Bl.] Part I p. 10 2532).

d Heat and Pome-Kopplung I p. 2498), la532). f Electricity an. 1970, 3621

08, 2018 I 47


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ment of eleevelopment ating the megy utilities, d in the inde

ergy Exchangstomers. To

weighted wit

kes place inr the calcula

ed are sharecording to tuse of the n

d costs of th

he Subindexof the index o

ng prices cp. Dependin to EEG- and

egal requirem

rewards and later cannotes are no sre no compo

electricity.

9 - 35 2)

ion of naturice surveys wformed on e

evels which a

Gesetz für den066), last am

ower Act (Gesg „Kraft-Wärmast amended

nd Natural ga), last amend2).

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 1

ectricity is ty of the reseasurementstock mark

ex calculatioge, with the

o this end mth the tradin

n principle ination of the ies that derivhe amendm

network, payhe emissions

x of power on electricit

hoose specg on the ch

d KWK may ments of the

d rebates onot be factoreubject to thonent of the

ral gas (diswhich are caeach econoare used as

n Ausbau Ernended by Art

setz für die Erme-Kopplungs

by Article 3 o

as (Energiewided by Article

ndustrial

2

ypified by fpective prims of the indet prices fro

ons. Prices ae aid of whicmonthly aveng volume.

ncluding all indices of elve from the

ment of the “yment for ths trade.

stock exchy (GP09-351

cific sales eosen sales differ betwee electricity

n the electried into the e concept o

e sales price

tribution) inarried out atomic stage. a basis in fo

neuerbarer Enicle 1 of the A

rhaltung, die sgesetz“) of 2of the Act of 1

irtschaftsgese 2 par. 6 of th

as pe

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consumptiolectricity (GP EEG and thEnergiewirtse operation

ange listing11).

vents for reevent the a

een the price tax law (Str

city tax or t current pricf price obse, but are pai

n Germany tt a variety ofFigure 10.2

orming the b

nergien) of 21Act of 17 July

Modernisieru1 December 7 July 2017 (

etz - EnWG) ohe Act of 20 J

er: August 2

over timesy source. Vce series. In opean Energes are called

x for exchan on the futu

on taxes anP09-3511) inhe KWK2 as schaftsgese of metering

gs (GP09-35

eporting thamount of eles reported romStG), th

the shares ace reports. Tervation as itid retrospec

takes placef sales levels2 provides abasket items

1 July 2014 (F 2017 (Federa

ung und den A 2015 (Federa(Federal Law G

of 7 July 2005uly 2017 (Fed

019

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gy Exchanged up for thisge prices isure and the

d parafiscalnclude elec- well as the

etz (EnWG)”.g points and

511 15 300)

at are repre-lectricity tax by differente EEG, KWK

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Figure 1

10.43 an overv

Table 10

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10.44 ed. No sstatisticvalue-adrespond

10.45 spot ma

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0.2 Sales lev

Indicesview on the

0.5 Basket i

item

gas (distribu

sold to hous

sold to trade

- annual cons

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sold to indu

sold to indu

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sold to indu

sold to indu

sold to powe

sold to re-se

k exchange lis

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extractors, importers


al Problems oducts

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are collectesurvey varia

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sumption 58,

sumption 116

stry

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er plants

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ulate the indnatural gas

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atural gas in

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tural gas (di

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150 kWh

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sold annually

sold annually

sold annually

sold annually

, fixed consected for sandex is used

ontained. Thes contain co

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EGI

es levels wi

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 1

Germany

et consump

istribution),

y 1,163 MWh

y 11,630 MW

y 116,300 MW

y more than 5

umption casale to privatd to calculat

he other meaonsumption

k exchange ange Powern

llers

IX

ith natural

ndustrial

2

ption cases.

base 2015

h

Wh

Wh

500,000 MWh

ses are prese householdte a measurasurements n taxes (natu

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gas in Germ

as pe

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= 100

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84.38

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5.74

2.87

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scribed for wds in the corement, corre are collecteural gas tax)

natural gas pd. The day a

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many

er: August 2

ng Table 10

g r d

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Re-seller

Re-seller

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Natural exchange

which pricesontext of prorected for aned directly fr.

prices of theahead spot m

Power plants

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de and commerc

vate households

019

0.5 provides

, importers

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10.46 ly still fonatural gand the developpublisheprice linlarge indthe oil p

10.47 oil. It shvelopme

Figure 1

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Jan

76Ja

n 77

dical Guide oPr


future priceare used for

The pricollows the dgas to the o importers w

pment of theed by the Fe

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Figure 1hows that thent of light f

0.3 Price de

Jan

77Ja

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n 80

Jan

81Ja

n 82

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3


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10.3 illustrate price deve

fuel oil.

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n 84

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J Jan

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n 90

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n 92

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n 94

natural gas (

r Prices of Inket)

Page 12 of 1

ly, seasonaand Gaspoo

ural gas is ae with a timeontracts beteed on in th

petition enerand produc

may also occower station

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(distributio

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n 95

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n 97

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98Ja

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(distribution)

ndustrial

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l and yearlyol.

lso subject e lag. This istween the mhe past. Herrgies (aboveer price indicur in certains). Howeve

ent for distris has aband

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J Jan

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light

as pe

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to fluctuatio a result of t

mostly foreigre, the gas pe all light fuices are matn supply co

er, in the rec

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fuel oil

Jan

05Ja

n 06

Jan

07Ja

n 08

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09Ja

n 10

fuel oil

er: August 2

(each for th

ons. In Germthe so-calle

gn natural gaprice was li

uel oil). Prodterial to this

ontracts (for cent past th

atural gas a and more t

Jan

11Ja

n 12

Jan

13Ja

n 14

Jan

15Ja

n 16

019

he following

many, it part-d linkage ofas suppliersnked to the

ducer pricess. Additional instance toe linkage to

nd light fuelhe price de-

Jan

16Ja

n 17

Jan

18Ja

n 19

g

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Page 1 of 11

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e times, henble. If the sig

er: August 2

us chapters esentatives) the index heoretically

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019

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d changes tomic market

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all index in trisk that thect the curr

the weightsbase 2010 a relation theo isolate thees of 2015.and a real sh

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bution, and erified.

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approximatecisive; distr

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019

the ongoinge weightingrent market

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Table 11

05 Coal a

06 Crude 08 Other m10 Food p11 Bevera12 Tobacc13 Textile14 Wearin15 Leathe16 Wood

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quarry24 Basic m25 Fabrica26 Compu27 Electri28 Machin29 Motor 30 Other v31 Furnitu32 Other m33 Repair

equipm35 Energy36 Water 383 Recyc

* c = con 11.9 taken inthe app

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

1.1 Weightireal sha

Di

nd lignite

petroleum anmining and q

products ages co products

es ng apparel er and relatedand of produs of straw anand paper pro

ng and recordand refined pcals and cheaceutical and

er and plasticsand glass pro

ying products metals ated metal pruter, electroncal equipmennery vehicles andvehicles ure manufacturedr, maintenancment y and services and services cling products

nfidential

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es of error

ing schemeares

visions of GP

nd natural gaquarrying prod

d products ucts of wood ad plaiting maoducts ing services etroleum promical producd similar preps products oducts, clay,

roducts ic and optica

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parts of mot

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s of distributi of distributios

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P

2010 and

P2009

s ducts

and cork, excaterials

ducts cts parations

manufactured

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or vehicles

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ion statistic deriving th

ng the indivi

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 11

2015, sub-

ept furniture;

d mining and

hinery and

s contain ne weightingidual basket

ndustrial

1

division of

Weight

2010 2p

1

c *

c * 3.76

98.31 16.50

5.90 5.90

c * 1.96

; 12.51 21.77 14.46

c * 51.85 12.40 37.79

d 24.10 54.95 63.70 28.98 39.12 68.21 97.65 10.63 12.29

9.31

25.69 207.61

10.81 8.72

o consumptg scheme. Fot items, the

as pe

the change

per thousand

2010 in rices of 2015

20

2 4

c *

c * 3.98 3

104.66 1017.22 16

6.64 46.17

c * 42.10

13.17 1321.79 2013.85

c * 52.05 4811.66 38.99 40

24.59 251.62 4963.40 7023.77 2639.50 3870.58 8096.16 10410.88 1412.94 1

9.63 10

26.88 2207.23 194

11.29 17.26 1

tion taxes wor this reaso correspond

er: August 2

e into price-

d Changagain

p

015 total

4 3 – 1

c *

c * 3.65 -2.92.46 4.26.18 -1.94.85 -17.85.60 -5.04.49 1.83 -6.6

3.81 10.30.94 -3.812.5 -13.5

8.25 -6.911.4 -8.00.45 7.0

5.37 5.29.54 -9.80.12 10.06.40 -8.98.25 -2.20.00 17.24.32 6.84.45 35.92.46 1.30.30 10.6

7.97 8.84.66 -6.21.38 5.22.71 45.7

which howevon, prior to

ding consum

019

related and

ges 2015 as nst 2010 in percent

of which

real

3 - 2 ./.

./.

./.

./.

3 -8.40 2 -2.10 4 -6.02 0 -26.94 8 -9.20

3 -13.00

9 4.83 1 -3.91 5 -9.74

4 -7.31 6 -2.24 4 3.73

7 3.17 5 -4.03 8 10.60 0 11.08 2 -3.17 8 13.35 3 8.49 4 32.85 8 -3.72 3 6.92

8 4.06 4 -6.07 7 0.80 6 75.06

ver must bedistributing

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d

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11.10 is proneresults ba combiFor this in this scan be t

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11.14 other gobeen coeven if tindividudegree tthe bask

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

ed to indiviStatistical O

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The inde to error, wby users of tination of cureason, no e

section whictaken to min

The samr 5 – SampleGP codes aree selection ocific product

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tirety. The mhments at ses with 20ket of goodsd on the Int

cal Office.

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mples are ces). The base determineof the enterpts are select

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t GP codes. the aid of wh

ated with thbe taken ints. The sampdures and tamination of tof error are

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compiled in ket of goodd for which prises whichted by the re

of error emn in the sam products so

e in deriving code leveworkers, andample of repe Fachserie

ues of the bthe aid of a P codes are ethod does nly small wedecision herng viewed iw rebasing tdevelopmenng from the

not to be inc

ment of thenot includedand the corchange befo

his cannot bnamely onlye goods clas

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 11

The basis fohich the bas

he aid of diffto account iples used in argeted selethe samplin implied in

each rebass is ascerta price surveyh supply prieporting unit

erge primarmple. In prod

old at homeg the sampll. These bad form the dporting unitsand in the q

base year are cut-off proc included un not make aeights are pre lies with ndividually.takes placet than the o basket of gluded in the

e individuald in the basrresponding ore the nextbe accommy on conditissification sy

ndustrial

1

or this is fosket items in

ferent sampn interpreta the producection; classg errors is pthe selectio

sing in a thined in a firsys are to beice reports ats with their

rily from theducer price se by domestes is informasic statistidecisive bass. Detailed iquality repo

e vital to selcedure. On tntil at least ll 9-digit GPplaced in otthe staff of Errors may. It would bone observegoods, or foe basket of g

basket itemsket of good weights remt rebasing isodated. It ion that thesystem.

as pe

rmed by then question a

les. Each typtions and in

er price statiical randomossible. It is

on procedur

ree-stage sst step. In d implementeas reportingr price-deter

e compositiotatistics, theic firms; the

mation on prics are as sis for selectinformation rt on the ho

lecting the inhe basis of t a 60% cum codes an ether goods the Federal y occur in te possible fed for the sor 9-digit cogoods.

ms must beds. Once thmain constas carried ouis also onlyse products

er: August 2

e fiscal statre adjusted

pe of sampln the furtheistics are de

m samples ars therefore ire and whic

selection prodoing so, reped. The nex

g units. In thrmining char

on of the ue universal

ey cannot beroduction vaa rule coll

ting the com on these stomepage of

ndividual bathe weightin

mulative covelement of thgroups, and Statistical Othese decisfor instance elected item

odes the sig

e representae basket of

ant for a lonut. If the sigy possible ts are to be a

019

istics of the.

le formationr use of the

etermined inre not used.nvestigatedh measures

ocedure (cf.presentativet step deals

he last step,racteristics.

niversal setset consistse covered inalues of thelected from

mposition oftatistics can the Federal

asket items.ng shares oferage of thehe basket ofd combinedOffice, eachsions which for product

ms from thenificance of

ative of thef goods hasnger period,nificance ofto a limitedattributed to

e

n e n .

d s

. e s ,

t s n e

m f

n l

. f e f

d h h t e f

e s , f

d o

Method

Chapte

11.15 terms ofdepictiochanges

11.16 index ovbasket oforming and auth

11.17 betweenlonger prebasingunless tperiod oproductsplace in

C.2

11.18 selectedsamplin

11.19 statisticThe numproduct those wwhen secoveredthe prod

11.20 Firstly, tprevente9-digit Gbe acco

11.21 a targetein the sein the ssubsidiemay earsmaller since smthe givea differe

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

This mef sales to n

on of extrems are not cle

It shouver a longerof goods be long time shoritativene

When cn topicality aperiod is mags, whilst onhe compilat

of five yearss (domestic most instan

Reportin

Once td in a secog error cann

The decs, which prmber of rep group and

with the highelecting to e by the ente

duction of th

This grthe numbered by using

GP codes bummodated w

Seconded sample. election; thisample. Fores within larn different enterprisesmaller and men basket iteent price dev


es of error

ethod makeot be includ

me price chaar until the

ld also be tr period onlefore and aferies; interp

ess of the lon

compiling aand compar

ade more din the other tion of the bs is set as ac market) – nces at regu

ng units

he basket ond step. Thnot be ascer

cision for trovide produporting unitsthe price dis

hest sales aensure that erprises in thhe basket ite

adual methr of reportin profound mt also the nuwhen determ

dly, the wronIn most casis means thar this reasorge enterpriprices and . If only themedium-sizeem) in ordervelopment t


P

es it possiblded in the ianges particrebasing sin

aken into ay makes lim

fter rebasingpretations arng series is

and updatinrability. On tfficult becahand the prasket of goon interval foand also folar intervals

of goods hhis selectiotained.

he selectiouction values for each bspersion ob

are definitely as high a phe sample; tem in questi

hod may leang units permethods. Adumber of enmining the s

ng enterprisees, the amoat it is primaon, there mises are notachieve difse large ented enterprisr to occupy mhan the reco

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 11

le for new pndex calcul

cularly in thnce then the

ccount in thmited sense g. These pare not alwayprovided in

ng the baskthe one hanuse of adjurice index noods is renewor rebasingsor most othes, the base y

has been cn is also a

n of individes for the inbasket item

bserved in thy included ipercentage athis frequenion.

ad to errorsr basket iteditionally, t

nterprises onsample size.

es may be sount of the parily the ma

may be distt taken into fferent priceterprises areses may focmarket nichorded trend

ndustrial

1

products witation for a e context o

e sample is r

his context t because ofrticularities ys possible. Chapter 9 –

ket of goodnd, the comstments caro longer depwed at regulas for the inder price statyears ending

compiled, tha targeted s

dual enterpndividual en

m is determihe past; the in the sampas possible

ntly depends

s and distoem can be she spread on the respec

elected. Theproduction vjor enterpris

tortions sinc account. A

e changes be representeus on manues. These s of the baske

as pe

th comparablonger periof product in

re-collated.

that the comf the differe must be ta A critical vie

– Index calcu

s, a comprparison of t

rried out to picts the curar intervals.

dex of produtistics in Geg in 0 or 5.

he respectivsample, so

rises is basnterprises atned from th enterprises

ple. Addition of the sales on the deg

rtions occuselected inc

of the price dtive market

e enterprisesvalue is a deses of the sece spatial dlso, sector-dy means of

ed in the saufacturing sppecial produet item.

er: August 2

bly high sigod, thus prentroductions

mparability ent composiken into acew of the coulation.

romise musthe price indthe basket rrent market For this rea

ucer prices oermany. Reb

ve reportingthat the ex

sed on the t 9-digit GP he market

s are selectenally, an effes of this gogree of conc

urring in sevcorrectly. Thdevelopmen of the bask

s are selecteecision-makector that cadifferences dominating f mass prodample, errorspecial products can cer

019

nificance ineventing thes. Structural

of the pricetions of thecount when

omparability

t be struckdices over aof goods int conditions

ason, a fixedof industrialasing takes

g units arextent of the

production code level.size of that

ed such thatfort is madeoods type iscentration in

veral areas.his is to bent within theket item is to

ed by takinging criterionan be found

and cross- enterprisesuction thans may occuructs (withinrtainly show

n e l

e e n y

k a n s d l s

e e

n . t t e s n

. e e o

g n d -s n r

n w

Method

Chapte

11.22 original particulatoo longregularlyaid of up

11.23 Each inaccommongoing

C.3

11.24 the reposelectedof indivconditioinformatfacilitatesheet anhoweveunambigcan act complet

11.25 the seleincomplequally specificado not pare examnecessarepresen

11.26 represenincludedproductssince onof the pand whe

D.

11.27 price reindividu

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

A furthe selection oar on markeg, distortiony examiningp-to-date inf

This madividual ba

modated. Errg price surve

Price rep

The pricorters to be d and what svidual salesons are hention on the e a clear idend contacts r not be exguous identin an advisote.

Possiblection of thelete, there i

possible tations are nportray the mined in th

ary, the stantatives by c

Anothentatives for d in the prics although tnly the repoprice represeere appropri

Data su

The datports to the

ual steps of


es of error

er source off reporting u

ets with a hins occur in g the selectioformation on

akes it clear asket item mrors made in

ey.

presentative

ce represen given clearsignificance events an

nce contain product defentification named at th

xamined in tification of ory capacity

e sources oe sales evens a risk thahat the rep

not unambigactual mark

he Federal Saff of the contacting t

r source otoo long. Th

ce survey. Intheir significrting units hentatives caate change

urvey

ta survey is e Federal St data transm


P

f error is thaunits can nogh degree othe calcula

on of the repn the produc

that no autmust be inn selecting

es

tatives are sr rules accoe this has fod instructio

ned in the finitions andwithin the e

he Federal Seach case specific sal

y here, and s

f error in thents. If the det prices for porting unitguous. This ket conditioStatistical OOffice strivhe reporting

f error conhe danger exn such casescance withinhave informaan be avoide the descript

carried out otatistical Ofmission, sta

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 11

at the seleco longer be of innovatioted price dporting unitsction values

omatic methdividually lthe reportin

selected by rding to whr the overal

ons on the survey guid

d the sales enterprise.

Statistical Ofsince each les events. strive to ens

e sample of escriptions o products ofts pass on should be ns. For this

Office as to ves to ensg units direc

nsists of thxists of new s, the reportn the enterpation on theed by regulations.

on a monthlffice. Possibrting with e

ndustrial

1

ction of the representatn. If the wroevelopments, in particus.

hods can beooked at ang units are

the enterprhich the repl index. Precspecificatio

delines. It conditions For this reasffice. The in price reporThe staff of

sure that the

f price represof the produf different q list pricesavoided wh reason, thetheir compure the cotly.

e reporting and high-sating unit conprise is fallineir productioarly request

ly basis by tble sources

rroneous in

as pe

reporting untive becauseong reportint. This is prlar for innov

e used to selnd particul

e highly labo

ises themseresentative cise require

on of the pis importanof the priceson, aids arformation frrter uses thf the Federae informatio

sentatives auct and of thquality are res or averagerever posse price-deteleteness an

omplete des

g unit retaiales goods sntinues to reng. This erroon structuresing the repo

the reportingof error canformation fr

er: August 2

nits is out oe of structurg units are

revented in vative marke

lect the repoarities and orious to co

elves. It is v sales eventments for throducts andnt to provide representare stated onrom the enteeir own de

al Statisticalon provided

are to be fouhe sales coneported ove

ge prices bsible since termining chand unambigscription of

ning out-ofspecificationeport pricesor cannot bes. However,orting units

g units passn be found rom the rep

019

of date. Theral shifts, inretained forpractice by

ets, with the

orting units. exceptionsorrect in the

vital here forts are to behe selectiond the salesde detailed

atives whichn the surveyerprises canfinitions forl Office onlyis clear and

und firstly innditions areer time. It isecause the

these pricesaracteristics

guity. Wheref the price

f-date pricens not being for uniforme prevented overageing to examine

sing on theirhere in the

porting units

e n r y e

. s e

r e n s d h y n r y d

n e s e s s e e

e g

m d g e

r e s

Method

Chapte

via proband erro

11.28 the plauwith thecorrect, explanadetailedinformatnoted smust bebe ableattachesseparatevalid prithe repoand hen

11.29 Federal online e

11.30 Statisticdetectedto the adjustmerror in restrictesubjectiit may hand indvariableprice repsegmenindex caidentifiecarried o

11.31 missingthere is be delivcalculatavailabl

11.32 replacemextrapolthe staf

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

blems with toneous plau

If one fusibilised dae reporting u and hencetory notes a

d product dtion in ordero that this

e made cleare to uncoves in this cone input tempice-determinorting unit cnce recognis

After thStatistical O

entry must b

The inscal Office fod. If unusuareporting u

ments to the data plausiedly with errve decision

happen occadeed are alses in the repports are net, no enquir

alculation. Oed are the out.

In addi. Missing re no price repvered until ion and the.

If a pricment as qulated with sff of the Fed


es of error

transmissiosibilisation.

follows the pata for the inunits themse cause an assumes condescriptions.r to clearly dcan be takerly aware of r each type

ntext to the cplate is dispning charactan at any ti

se and check

e prices havOffice. Heree user-friend

spection of or their respal price channit. Here, c reported daibilisation cror checks ws which req

asional that so not remeport, it is precessary. If ry is made oOnly when ureporting un

ition to plaesponses wport, the repit is too late price ser

ce series oruickly as pouitable meth

deral Statist


P

n, through t.

path taken bndex calculaelves. The p erroneous nsiderable s. The price-

describe theen into accothe significa

e of changecomprehens

played for eateristics areme underst

k erroneous

ve been fille too, possibdly in order t

the incomipective goodnges are repcauses are ata and to idonsists of t

which can buire conside erroneous edied. If theresumed thathe price ch

of the reportunusual chanits asked

usibilisationith individuporting unit te, it is posies are extr

r a reportingossible. In hods. The dtical Office.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 11

to errors in

by the priceation, the firprice report response. significance.-determining price represount in the ance of the pe and avoidsible designach individue noted. By and the pric and illogica

ed in by the ble causes to prevent p

ng price reds groups. Eported for in

enquired adentify the rethe fact thatbe clearly sperable markprice reporte reporting at there wehange is in ating unit, annges occur as to poss

n, it must ual price ser is contacte

ssible that trapolated w

g unit is pethe meant

ecision as tThere is a

ndustrial

1

system inp

e reports frorst potentialer can repoFor this re

. A central rog charactersentative. Efurther inde

precise defid erroneousn of the inpual price reprthe possibilces reportedal informatio

reporting fiof error sho

possible erro

eports is effErroneous ddividual pri

about in oreasons for tt in price stpecified. Theket and prodts are not di

unit has nore no, and an interval w

nd the reporto the priceible causes

also be claries can be d. Since the

the new repwith suitabl

rmanently lime, also io which metrisk of a me

as pe

put in the Fe

m the repor source of ert data whic

eason, the ole is playedistics must ach type of qex calculationitions since responses

ut templatesresentative, lity to call ud in previouon early.

rm, the dataould be minors.

fected by thdata entry ace represenrder to be he price chaatistics it ise processor

duct knowledscovered inot changed hence also which is cusrted price is es for which s, and nece

arified what either temp

e current priport is not ie methods

ost, an atten this casethod makesethod being

er: August 2

ederal Statis

rting unit to error can be ch are impreprecise formd here by co contain alquality chanon. The repe this is the

s. Decisive ss in the onlin on which th

up earlier ons periods u

a are transmimised. The

he staff of and implausntatives, a q

able to caange. A majs possible trs must freqdge. As a re

n the plausib the price d no adjustmstomary for included in no explana

essary adjus

to do wheporary or peice report mncluded in until new

empt is made the price

s sense hereg selected w

019

stical Office

passing on found to lieecise or notmulation ofomments onl necessary

nge must beorting firms only way tosignificancene survey. Ahe currently-nline prices,nder report,

mitted to thee process of

the Federalsibilities areuery is sentrry out anyor source ofo work only

quently takeesult of this,bility check,determining

ments to the this marketn the furtheration can bestments are

en data areermanent. If

may then notthe currentreports are

de to find a series are

e is taken bywhich is not

e

n e t f

n y e s o e A -, ,

e f

l e t y f y e , , g e t r e e

e f t t e

a e y t

Method

Chapte

optimal extrapol

11.33 productsselectedvalue ofestimatireports Statisticthe 9-difor the ewith sea

E.

11.34 Statisticthe samin Chaptevent ofmeasurehere thaAdjustm

11.35 advancedetermithat theprice cochange considereportedrepresenmakes iand conconspiccalculatenquirie

11.36 price elelead to quality ocomes tIf an incalculat

11.37 technicain the a

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

for the prodlation metho

In the cs, distortion

d. Also it is f the previoion proceduare availab

cal Office, angit GP code extrapolatedasonal produ

Quality

After thcal Office. Th

mple must beter 7 – Qualf changed qement of that changes

ments in both

In ordee that a chaning charac

e staff at theomponent. Iof the pricered in the fu

d price chantatives of t possible w

nsider a chauous price ion of the

es are made

Variousement. The satisfactory

of the additto the decisincorrect meion; this als

Quality al change. Hreas data p


es of error

duct group inods for certa

case of tempns may occfrequently m

ous year sinures. Price cble for a lon attempt is in order to bd prices of tucts is discu

y changes

he individuahis also ente taken into lity changes

quality into ae product sin quality m

h areas mus

r to determinge in qualiteristics aree Federal Stt may be n

e determininurther indexange variesthe basket

without remange in qualichange camindex that .

s methods a proceduresy results. Thional informions which athod is ap

so leads to d

adjustmentHedonics arerocessing a


P

n question. Tain product g

porarily-misscur if the mmore sensibnce the prevchanges maonger period hence madbe able to uthe temporaussed in Cha

l data have tails that ch account. Th. The aim he

a quality anince this is may concerst be implem

ne the correity has take

e normally retatistical Offnecessary tong characterx calculations significanitem witho

arks being fity. If howev

me to note wno changes

re conceivas are appliehe selectionmation availaare to be takplied in sp

distortions if

ts are freque therefore uppliances a

r Prices of Inket)

Page 8 of 11

This is prevegroups.

sing data, amethod to eble with a nevious mont

ay be depictd and only e to always se the pricearily-missingapter 6 – Da

been collecanged qual

he various pere is to alwd a price ela real pricen both the

mented with

ect method n place with

eported by tfice can subo make enqristics has bn. Enquiries ntly from thut an expla

forthcoming ver no reporwith a price s in quality

ble when sud at the Fe of the metable. Howevken. A check

pecific casef a method i

ently necesused at the

and electron

ndustrial

1

ented by rec

s is to be obextrapolate ew price reph’s values ted in the w estimate v have a suffi

e developmeg product. T

ata collection

cted, they aities in the

possibilities ways sub-div

ement. Only change. It product de

the aid of th

of quality ch the reporthe reporting

b-divide the quiries on thbeen reporte of the repohe price danation hav from the prrt has been representat can be ide

ub-dividing deral Statisthod dependver, there is k of correctns, this leads carried ou

sary with pr Federal Sta

nic compone

as pe

commendati

bserved for the price s

port to compwere only fwrong montvalues wereicient numbent of compaThe precise n.

re further prindividual pof quality co

vide the ovey the latter mshould also

efinition andhe methods

orrection, it ed productsg units on th price changhis with theed existing rting units aevelopmenting been gi

rice-reportinmade by thetive, it is pr

entified with

a price chantical Office ds heavily o always subness is not pds to errorst erroneousl

roducts whitistical Offic

ents. This at

er: August 2

ions being d

instance wiseries is nopare the indformed withths since noe used. In er of price sarable goodprocedure f

rocessed in price represorrection are

erall price chmay be refle

o be taken id the sales of quality co

t must be res. Changes ihe price survge into a que price repoprice changare only carts of the iven for thisg enterprisee reporting resumed forh this produ

nge into a q which moson the volu

bjective latitpossible in ms in the fuly.

ch are subjce for qualitttempts to e

019

drawn up for

th seasonalot optimallydex with theh the aid ofo new pricethe Federal

series withins as a basisfor instance

the Federalentatives ofe presented

hange in theected in thento account conditions.orrection.

cognised inin the price-vey form, souality and aorters. If noges are fullyrried out if aother prices. This alsoe to uncoverunit and no

r the furtheruct, and no

uality and at frequentlyme and theude when itmost cases.

urther index

ect to rapidy correction

evaluate the

r

l y e f e l

n s e

l f

d e e t .

n -

o a o y a e o r o r

o

a y e t . x

d n e

Method

Chapte

individuoccurrinquality objectivrelates fform of tone of th

F.

11.38 clarifiedindustrianotifies reporter

11.39 be replaconstanonly takreplacemseries.

11.40 ongoingaccommelementrapidly-goccurringoods developsince re

11.41 goods bbasket ireplacemnecessa

G.

G.1

11.42 two stepcombinethrough

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

ual quality cng with this

changes anve values, bufor instance the regressihe most pre

Produc

A furthd how to deal products this itself, rs because t

If out-oaced. This ist in the Fed

ke place withment produ

Also gog index calmodated andt of the baskgrowing ma

ng particularmay not p

pments and tbasings as a

Due to tbecomes lesitems is onments and ary.

Index c

Element

After thps. In the fied to form to the overa


es of error

components method is

nd the resuut this calcu to the selecion functioncise method

ct replacem

er problem eal with the (domestic or when thhey have no

f-date produs the only waderal Statisthin a base pcts may be

oods newly lculation. Itd revolutionket of goodsrket shares rly at the beprovide a rtechnologiea rule are on

the dynamics represently possible of the new

calculation

tary index

he data haveirst step, th an elemenall index of t


P

s of the pros that a maulting price. ulation is alction of the to be appli

ds, particula

ment and ne

is reports se missing market) mise staff of th

ot submitted

ucts are conay to keep ttical Office uperiod in ind included, w

appearing t is only onary producs. This methare not acco

eginning of prepresentatis may as a r

nly carried o

cs of the envative as thein the cont

w goods on

e become ae measuremtary index; the produce

r Prices of Inket)

Page 9 of 11

oducts with athematical Indices caso based onprice-determed. Quality

arly when it c

ew goods

missing for data. Whenssing data ahe Federal

d any reports

ntained in ththe selectionuntil the nedividual caswhich are th

on the maron rebasingcts with sufhod can leadommodatedproduct intrive picture result not beut every five

vironment ae interval to text of reba

n the marke

available in ments of the the secon

er prices of in

ndustrial

1

the aid of connection

alculated byn subjective

mining characorrection wcomes to dy

r entire pricn calculatinare either deStatistical Os in a period

he sample, tn representaxt rebasinges. Particulahen deploye

rket cannot g that the fficiently higd to a situat

d in the inderoduction ar of the me accommode years.

and the flexithe base yesing. If the

et increases

plausibilisee individuald step formndustrial pro

as pe

regression is suggest

y these meae assessmenacteristics owith the aid ynamic mark

e series. Ing the indexetermined wOffice make d.

these price ative. The ba; adjustmenarly with proed in place

always be changed m

gh productition in whic

ex until it is e not depictarket situa

dated in the

bility of the ar increasesnumber of

s, this is a

ed form, thel price serie

ms higher aoducts (dom

er: August 2

models. Oted betweenans appear nts and decr to the dec

of hedonicskets.

n this case, x of producwhen the re enquiries o

representatasket of goonts to the boduct losses of a pre-ex

accommodmarket conion values

ch products too late. Prted here; th

ation. Abov index until

markets, ths. An adjust the necess sign that

e index is caes of a baskaggregates fmestic marke

019

ne problemn individual to express

cisions. Thisision on the

s is however

it must beer prices ofporting unitof the price

tives shouldods remainsasket items

s, individualxisting price

ated in theditions arebecome an

which haveice changes

he basket ofve all, newit is too late

e sample oftment of theary productrebasing is

alculated inket item arefrom these,et).

m l s s e r

e f t e

d s s l

e

e e n e s f

w e

f e t s

n e ,

Method

Chapte

11.43 calculatbasket iprice-rep

11.44 the indivlower m

11.45 methodat the leare largeconditioSecondlrepresenare as adevelop

G.2

11.46 indices sales aelement

11.47 are detetime. Thsamplesvolumesindex thindividu

11.48 when rdisappeinterim marketsParticulait is precgoods.

11.49 out on thence d

11.50 expensiv

2 For a cricf. Chapt

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

The Cares the averatem. The indporting ente

By treatvidual firmsarket signifi

The imp. Firstly, the

evel of the bely homoge

ons. One mly, the sentativeness.a rule in co

pment of the

Aggrega

An elemare combinend producttary index is

The indermined in the weights rs are calculs. The aggreherefore takeual products

Throughebasing is

earance of oby the inde

s change ovearly when incisely these

This prothe occasioneviating ind

A furthve are repla

itical observater 9 – Index


es of error

rli index is uage of the mdividual pric

erprise.

ting the vars is not takeicance are in

pact of this e elementaryasket items neous as to

may thereforlection of . The select

ompetition w individual p

ation

mentary inded on the bion values calculated

dex is calculathe base peemain conslated. By thegation of te place with are not inp

h the use o carried ou

old productsex calculatioer time, but ntroducing r which are n

oblem shoun of the reb

dex trends.

er problem aced by che

ation of the Ccalculation.


P

sed when fomeasuremen

ce reports a

ious price sn into accounput to the s

potential sy indices are (as a rule 9

o their matere presume

the repored firms cov

with one anprice represe

ex is formedasis of the wof the ind

depending o

ated with thriod reflectitant until th

hese meanshe individu the same wut into the in

f the Laspeyut. Increasis and the apon. This runs reactions toevolutionarynot depicted

uld howeverbasings have

in using thaper ones,

arli index in c

r Prices of Inket)

Page 10 of 1

orming the ets by forminre weighted

series of a bunt. This mesame degree

source of ere formed on-digit GP co

erial compos a similar rting units ver the lion

nother. For tentatives is

d for each iweights of t

dividual gooon their sha

he aid of theing the signhe next reba, the index

ual elementaweights overndex calcula

yres index, ing market ppearance os the risk oo this are ony products, d if the new

r not be ovee so far onl

he Laspeyreand hence

comparison t

ndustrial

1

elementary ing the arithm equally, reg

asket item eeans that pre as price ch

ror is minimn as disaggredes). For thisition and aprice deve

primarily ’s share of tthis reason, similar in at

item of the he weightin

ods types; are in the ove

e Laspeyres ificance of t

asing, when shows theary indices r a fixed peration until th

adjustment significancof new onesof distortionnly possible special pric product is n

erestimatedly shown re

s index is tthe structur

o other calcu

as pe

ndex at the metic mean ogardless of t

equally, theice changes

hanges amo

mised in Geregated a levs reason, ths to the corlopment onstrives fo

the respecti one may pt least the m

basket of gg scheme. Tthe weightierall sales o

formula. To the individu a new weig pure price and the cal

riod; changehe next reba

s to the wece of prods, cannot bes since the

e at establisce developmnot yet an e

. Regular telatively sligh

that producre of the pro

lation metho

er: August 2

lower level2

of all price sthe sales vo

e market sigs of reportinng the mark

rmany by thvel as possihe price reprrrespondingn functioninr a high ive goods mpresume tha

medium term

goods. TheseThese are baing of each

of domestic p

this end, fixual basket itghting schem change wilculation of es in the sigasing takes p

ights are onucts, as w

e accommod structures hed times o

ments can blement of th

est calculatiht structura

cts which aroduction va

ods for eleme

019

2. This indexseries of theolume of the

gnificance ofg firms with

ket leaders.

he followingble, namelyresentatives

g productionng markets.

degree ofmarket. Theyat the price

m.

e individualased on the

h individualproduction.

xed weightstems at thisme and newth constant

f the overallgnificance ofplace.

nly possiblewell as thedated in theon dynamic

on rebasing.e observed;

he basket of

ions carriedl shifts and

re relativelylues can be

ntary indices

x e e

f h

g y s n . f y e

l e l

s s w t l f

e e e c . ; f

d d

y e

Method

Chapte

changedaccommare idenprice deOnly in awhen supossible

11.51 rebasinglimited c

dical Guide oPr

r 11 - Source

d. This formmodated if thntical with eevelopmentsa rebasing isubstitutionse, and are in

A new gs occur. Hecomparabili


es of error

m of substituhe index accach price le

s. It is not pos it possible

s occur acrondeed carrie

weighting sere, the indty of long se


P

ution, namecording to Laevel, even if ossible to dee to adjust thoss basket d out where

scheme andex in each beries which c

r Prices of Inket)

Page 11 of 1

ely the volumaspeyres is replacemenepict this fohe weights. items. Repl

e necessary.

d new sampbase periodcover severa

ndustrial

1

me change used. The font products orm of subst The describacements w

ples are cald is calculatal base perio

as pe

caused by ormula presare availablitution when

bed effect howithin indivi

lculated at ed on a diffods.

er: August 2

changed prsumes that tle which shon calculatinowever only idual baske

regular inteferent basis

019

rices, is notthe volumesow differentg the index. takes place

et items are

ervals when, leading to

t s t .

e e

n o

Method

Chapter qu

12. Or A. B. C. A.

12.1 several rebasinggoal of Laspeyrecombiniof a basout eversamples

12.2 data, intime schthe rebarequisitereliabilitconditio

12.3 produceorganisaschedulmeasure

12.4 (approxiimpleme

B.

12.5 updatedregularlystatisticend of tshown iinfluenc 1 Councilrecently ap. 26).

dical Guide oPr

12 - Organiuality assura

rganisatio

IntroduRebasiIndex c

Introdu

The indsteps. Somgs, whilst oascertaininges index is aing the elem

se period. Anry five yearss (basket of

The goacluding am

heduling of tasing. Everye quality at ty are guara

on of consist

This cher prices of ation of theing of deades applied b

The desimately eveented on a m

Rebasi

When rd. This meay, usually a

cs regulationthe new basin the figure

ce on the tim

l Regulation (amended by


sation and ance

on and qu

uction ng

calculation

uction

dex of produe of the wothers are im

g the indiceapplied, wh

mentary indin adjustmens on rebasin goods, repo

al of the Feongst otherthe individuy single act the scheduanteed, andtent quality.

apter succe industrial pe individual dlines. This by Federal St

scription is ry five years

monthly bas

ing

rebasing taans that boat five-year n1, these adjse period. Toe below. Th

ming of a reb

(EC) No 1165/ Regulation (E


ality assu

ucer prices oorking procemplementeds is to portrich uses coces. Quanti

nt of the weig. This invo

orting units,

ederal Statisr things the

ual working sivity must buled time. Ud correct int

essively discproducts (do working steis accompatatistical Off

broken dows) (weightingis for the ind

kes place, oth the wei intervals. justments ho this end, the greyed-oubasing, are d

/98 of 19 MaEU) No 461/2

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 9

urance

of industrialesses are cad regularly iray the purenstant weigitative changhting to thlves adjustm price repres

stical Office eir prompt asteps both ibe organiseUsers can onterpretation

cusses the omestic maeps, the ca

anied by a dfice.

wn into procg scheme, sdex calculat

the basis ighting scheDue to the

have to be imthree differeut steps, th

discussed in

ay 1998 conce2012 of the Eu

ndustrial

l products (darried out atn the month

e price deveghts of the bges are hene current mament both osentatives).

is to guaraand in-time in the monthd to enablenly make us of the calc

individual sarket). The fpacities needescription

cedures carrsamples, rection.

for the caleme and th provisionsmplementedent working he punctual

more detai

erning short-turopean Com

as pe

domestic mat longer intehly calculat

elopment . Fase period f

nce not consarket condit

of the weight

antee the qupublication

hly surveys ae publicatiose of the inulated resu

steps in ascfocus is on eded for theof the stand

ried out in tcalculation)

culation of he various laid down

d at the latesteps have processing l below.

term statisticmmission of 3

er: August 2

arket) is ascervals in theion of the i

For these pufor a fixed psidered withtions is as a ting scheme

uality of then. This requand calculatn of the resdex if its ac

ults is only p

certaining t the descripese purposdard quality

the context and the wo

the monthsamples ar

n in the EUest three yea to be imple

g of which h

s (OJ EC L 161 May 2012 (

019

116

certained ine context ofndices. The

urposes, theperiod whenhin the term rule carriede and of the

e publishedires precisetions and insults of theccuracy andpossible on

he index ofption of thees, and they assurance

of rebasingorking steps

hly index isre adjusted short-term

ars after theemented, ashas a direct

2 p. 1), most (OJ EU L 142

6

n f e e n

m d e

d e n e d n

f e e e

g s

s d

m e s t

Method

Chapter qu

Figure 1

12.6 quality oworkflowindicatio

Table 12

Working

1 Eva

Weighti(all 9

co

Goods(basket

Final wsc

dical Guide oPr


2.1

Variousof the indiviw activities.on of the res

2.1:

g step

aluation of sa

ng scheme -digit GP

odes)

s sample t of goods)

weighting heme


sation and ance

Approxim

s staff capadual workin. The followspective cap

Working

ales statistics

Ap

Publicaprogra

New bask

Basket retain

Basket itemdelet


mate rebasi

cities are neng steps is awing table spacity requir

g steps of reb

s, calculation

pproxim

ation mme

ket item

item ned

ms to be ed

r Prices of Inket)

Page 2 of 9

ng process

eeded to enassured in ohows an ov

rements in m

basing

of rough wei

ate reba

Long time se

Recalculationindex on new

Previous repounit retaine

Rebasing to nbase year

Examination oprice

representativ

Price survey rebasing

ndustrial

nsure that trganisationaverview of tman-months

ghts down to

exm

asing pr

ries

n of base

R

rting ed

new r

of the

ves

Dere

Car

until g

Re

as pe

the time schal terms by ihe various (MM).

Cap

o 4-digit

Retrograde xtrapolation of

measurements

rocess

… etc.

Reporting units sample

Price survey

efinition of priceepresentatives

alling upon newreporting unit

moval from pricsurvey

er: August 2

hedule is mimplementinworking ste

pacity require

1 MM

Reportid

Price sre

Releaser

e

w

ce

019

met, and theng standardeps with an

ment

ng unit to be eleted

survey until ebasing

e from duty to report

e d n

Method

Chapter qu

GP

2 Evadig

3 Sel

4 Coo

5 Fin

6 Dra

7 Sam

8 Ret

9 Cre

10 Bac

11 Re-

12.7 be carrieimplemeprovided

12.8 performrepresenof the inrequirem

12.9

To ascerof all evindividuwork, thcomparicomparithis convolume

dical Guide oPr


code level

aluation of prgit GP code lev

lection of bas

ordination of

al weighting

afting of the p

mple of repor

trograde extra

eation of mas

ckup for extra

-calculation a

The inded out at dented in a sd in Figure 1

Each oance. This ntative resundividual wments.

Step 1:

rtain the wevaluated. Thual goods divhe calculatioison with thison of the ontext the exis furthermo


sation and ance

roduction stavel

sket items

basket items

scheme

publication pr

rting units an

apolation of m

ter files for in

a work (e.g. in

and publicatio

ividual workifferent timespecific seq12.2.

of these wo is achievlts if they ar

working step

Evaluati 4-digit G

eights of thehe weights avisions and

ons being chhe rough strold and the

xtent to whicore investiga


atistics, calcu

s and of weig

rogramme an

d calling upo

measurement

ndex calculati

ntroduction o

on of the inde

king steps aes. Some cauence. An o

orking stepved by vare complied s and an ex

on of salesGP code leve

e weighting sare distribut from there hecked by aucture of th new approxch the obseated.

r Prices of Inket)

Page 3 of 9

ulation of fine

ghting scheme

nd coordinatio

on new units

ts for new ite

ion

of new classif

ex

are based in an be commoverview of

ps comprisearious qual within the rxplanation

s statistics, el

scheme, theted proportion the gooda second in

he previous ximate weigerved struct

ndustrial

e weights dow

e with users

on with the u

ms

fication system

part on onemenced conc the timing

es several ity assuran

rebasing. Thof the vario

calculation

e sales statiionally to thds classes. Odividual. Boindex base

ghts enablestural shifts

as pe

wn to 9-se

sers

se

ms)

another ancurrently, wof the indiv

tasks whicnce measuis is followeus concomi

of approxi

stics of the he domesticOne man-mooth this che contribute ts recognitionresult from

er: August 2

6 MM, everal staff m

6 MM

0.5 MM

1 MM

3 MM

24 MMeveral staff m

2 MM

2 MM

6 MM

2 MM

d consequehilst othersvidual work

h require ures which ed by a brief itant quality

mate weigh

new base yc sales, firstonth is requ

eck of the reto quality an of structur changes in

019

members

M

, members

ently have to have to being steps is

high-quality guaranteef descriptiony assurance

hts down to

year are firstt among theuired for thisesults and assurance. Aral shifts. In price or in

o e s

y e n e

o

t e s a A n n

Method

Chapter qu

Figure 1

12.10

The distthe 9-dieach 9-schedulseveral calculatfine wei

12.11

The sambasket goods tyGP codeeach 4-dthe prevadjustmindividuonly be be procedone in items wcompariselectioare sele

Step 1

Step 2

Step 1

Step 9

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8

Step 1

dical Guide oPr


2.2 Overv

Step 2:

tribution intogit GP codedigit GP coed with a cstaff membion requiremghts.

Step 3:

mple of gooditems are sypes (mostlye. In total, thdigit code isviously-calcu

ments, as proual 9-digit cocarried out essed indiv parallel by hose price dison with thn is guarancted which a

: t0+6

: t0+9

0: t0+24

9: t0+24

3: t0+12

4: t0+18

5: t0+20

6: t0+23

7: t0+18

8: t0+21

1: t0+30

t


sation and ance

iew of the w

Evaluati 9-digit G

o the individs from the pde is assigncapacity of

bers to enabments for all

Selectio

ds drawn froselected dey 9-digit GP hese cover as sufficientlyulated weighoducts withodes are commanually inidually. The several me

developmenhe old baseteed by theaccount for

t0 t


working step

on of prodGP code leve

dual weightproduction sned a shareapproximat

ble proceedil staff memb

n of basket

om the baskpending on codes) thatat least 60%y representehting schem low weight

mbined to fo accordancese activities

embers of stnt is observee facilitates cut-off proca large shar

Time st

0: E

tt0+6

r Prices of Inket)

Page 4 of 9

s in rebasin

duction statel

ts is carried statistics. The of the saltely six maing with thebers involve

items

ket of goodsn their salest are to be in

% of the domed. The basime. The formts are not inorm basket e with stands require captaff. The fin

ed represents quality incedure appre of domest

schedule foEnd of the new

t0+12

ndustrial

g

tistics, calc

out proporthe result of les. As this n-months. W

e next workid provides q

constitutess significanncluded in thmestic sales

s on which mation of thentegrated initems. Thes

dard requirempacities of sal result is

tatively for tspection, alied, since itic sales.

or rebasing base year

t0+18

as pe

ulation of

ionally to th this is the f procedure Work is carng step in t

quality assu

s a targeted ce. This invhe basket o of the 4-digthe basket oe basket of the samplee more in-dements. Eachsix man-mona basket ofhe entire dond the repn each case

g

t0+24

er: August 2

fine weight

he productiofine weighti is very labrried out in time. Usagerance in cal

sample. Thvolves detef goods for git code. Coof goods is goods reque of goods epth workin

h 4-digit GP nths. The wf goods with

omestic prodresentativene those type

t0+30 Mo

019

ts down to

on values ofng in whichorious, it is parallel by

e of uniformculating the

e individualrmining theeach 4-digitnsequently,compiled is

uires severaland several

ng steps cancode has toork is beingh individualduction. Theness of thees of goods

onths

o

f h s y

m e

l e t , s l l

n o g l

e e s

Method

Chapter qu

12.12

The comimportathe comextendinregard itnew basby theseinclude

12.13

Once thdigit GPuntil thesimilar ifinal weand intealso invweights items).

12.14

Rebasinintroducnecessaaccountthe resupublicatassuran

12.15

In additis takenconstiturepresenresults developthat weassuranto furthedistributwhich h

12.16

As the extrapolcarried requiresusage o

dical Guide oPr


Step 4:

mpilation of nt user grou

mpilation. Tng over a ret is importasket of goode means. In the German

Step 5:

e basket of P codes are e weights of in terms of ighting sche

egrating thevolves check must equa

Step 6:

gs entail chction of newary. The capat the additioults of the sttion programce.

Step 7:

ion to the sa on the basi

utes a targentativeness from the m

pment in theere not incl

ce in this reer enterpristed among e or she has

Step 8:

price repolation of meout retroac

s two man-mf standardis


sation and ance

Taking in

the basket ups are inforThis workingelatively lonnt that all re

ds. In additin addition to Central Ban

Final we

goods has bincluded in the exclude goods claseme. Quality

e results froking whetheal 1, weight

Drafting

anges to the classificatioacity schedunal notes ofatistics and

mme with th

Sample

ample of gois of the proeted sampl is assured

market conde past. This uded in the

egard, and inses where n

several mes gained ext

Retrogra

orts are receasurementsctively for amonths. Quased compute


nto account

items is carmed about g step has g period aselevant useron, the quao the trade nk and the F

ighting sche

been compi the basket

ed 9-digit GPsification. Oy is assuredm coordinater the basic of a higher

of the publi

e basket of gon systems.uled for this f the users. T the relevane previous o

of reporting

ods, the samduction state. In this within the b

ditions of t working stee sample wn addition, tecessary. Tmbers of stensive indu

ade extrapol

ceived froms dating bacll new repolity assuran

er programs

r Prices of Inket)

Page 5 of 9

user interes

arried out by the result. T to be schs response trs are involv

ality of the c and indust

Federal Mini

eme

iled, the wei of goods. T

P codes havOne man-mod by taking tion with us

c characterisr aggregate

ication prog

goods and t. As a result, work is threThis procedce of the pu

one constitu

g units and c

mple of the tistics. The sregard, it

basket itemthe individuep additionawith the oldhe members

This step is taff. Every estry-specific

ation of mea

m the new ck to Januaryorting unitsce is provid in ascertain

ndustrial

sts for the b

y the FederaThus they areduled withtimes may bved and canomposition try associatistry of Econ

ighting scheThe final wee been assigonth is requinto considesers in respstics of a w correspond

gramme

the weightin, a revision oee man-monure should e

ublication. Tutes the esse

calling upon

reporting unselection mais vital for s. The numb

ual sectors ally includesd base. Stas of staff che highly laboemployee prc knowledge

asurements

reporting y of the new or price reed by comp

ning the mea

as pe

asket of goo

al Statisticalre given the h a capacitbe long in sn give their o of the baskions, the reomics and T

eme has to beighting schegned to the uired for theeration the pect of the b

weighting schds to the to

g scheme, aof the publicths. This inc

ensure an eahe comparisential eleme

new reporti

nits for the iade by the F the qualitber of price and the d

s calling upandardised eck the retu

orious; it reqrocesses thoe from the m

for new item

units, the w base perioepresentativutational chasurements.

er: August 2

ods

l Office. The chance to cty of 0.5 msome instanopinion on tket of goodselevant grouTechnology.

be revised, eme is not basket iteme work to caprevious wobasket itemheme are m

otal of assig

and may invcations becocludes takinasy and cleason of the neents of quali

ing units

individual bFederal Statity of the s series per ispersion o

pon new repletters prov

urns and senquires 24 mose goods

monthly price

ms

method of od is fixed. Tves. This whecks of the.

019

en the mostcomment onman-monthsnces. In thisthe planneds is ensuredups of users

as not all 9-ascertained

ms which arealculate theorking stepss. This step

met (total ofgned basket

olve the omes ng into ar access to ew ty

asket itemsstical Office

sample thatbasket item

of the priceorting units

vide qualitynd decisionsman-monthsdivisions in

e surveys.

f retrogradeThis work isorking step results and

t n s s d d s

-d e e s p f t

s e t

m e s y s s n

e s p d

Method

Chapter qu

12.17

Once thcreate asample the newspecificaform thepublicatdiscove

12.18

A time bthat are concernsystemsassignmseveral s

12.19

Once althe resuearliest.those ofall incor

C.

12.20 require vnew basproceduindividuthe follo

dical Guide oPr


Step 9:

e weightingll the requisof price rep

w basket iteations of the basis for thtion of the red during t

Step 10

buffer of six not carrieds adjustmen

s. Conversioments of the

staff membe

Step 11

l preparatioults on the n. Two man-mf the previourporated dat

Index c

In contvarying capasis, index caures and staual steps of owing month


sation and ance

Creation

g scheme ansite master fresentatives

ems with thhe reporting he default eindex havehis process

0: Backup

man-month out in eachnts of the weons within price repreers to provid

1: Re-calcu

ons have benew basis a

months haveus index basta.

alculation

tradistinctioacities in thalculations

aff requiremthe index c

h.


n of master f

nd the indivfiles both fos and for the

he concomit units and tntries in the been creat are correcte

for extra wo

hs, which is h rebasing, eighting sch a classificsentatives.

de for quality

ulation and p

en completeare carried oe to be plannse serves th

n to rebasie period betare carried ents. The foalculation a

r Prices of Inket)

Page 6 of 9

files for inde

vidual sampr the manage calculatiotant weightsthe price ree online formted, extensed on a step

rk (e.g. intro

needed in tis included

heme and ofcation may Work is moy assurance

publication

ed, the re-cout 30 montned for this e purpose o

ngs, which tween the nout every m

ollowing figuand the time

ndustrial

ex calculatio

ples have begement of thn and publics, this alsopresentative

m. Once the ive test run

p-by-step bas

oduction of n

the event of in the schef the sample under cer

ostly carried e.

of the index

alculation oths after theworking ste

of quality as

are usuallyew base yea

month in accure 12.3 proe schedule i

as pe

n

een ascertaie sample ofcation of the involves aes. The datamaster files

ns are carriesis.

new classific

unforeseeadule for reb

es occasionertain circum out and ver

x

of the index e end of thep. A comparsurance, as

y carried ouar and the acordance wiovides a simin a given m

er: August 2

ined, it is nf reporting ue results. In

an update oa that have s for the calced out, and

cation syste

able work or basing. This ed by new clmstances rerified in the

and the pue new base rison of the does the fin

ut every fiveactual conveith pre-defin

mplified ovemonth under

019

ecessary tounits, for the

addition toof the exact been input

culation andd any errors

ems)

procedures particularlylassificationequire newse fields by

ublication of year at the results withnal check of

e years andersion to thened workingrview of ther report and

o e o t t

d s

s y n w y

f e h f

d e g e d

Method

Chapter qu

Figure 1

12.21 preparatis carrie

12.22 reports reportindownstrreports. reminde

12.23 made ofby the 8the evereplacem

12.24 plausibiunits, an14th of tmissing are calc

dical Guide oPr


2.3

The dattion of the dd out by the

Startingto the Fedg the curren

ream proced This includ

er or dunning

In the ef individual 8th of the folent of permment produc

When ilisation in cnd adjustmehe following price reporulated. Afte


sation and ance

Approxim

ta survey andata to be me 8th of the m

g on that daeral Statistint prices is dures. The indes checking procedure

event of incoreporting unllowing mon

manently-misct is found ra

all price context canents and cog month at trts is carrieder a last che

Approxim

Sub-st

Price rep

Preliminary

Plausibility ccontex

Calculation o

Publicat


mate index c

nd index calade availab

month under

ay of each mical Office o the 7th of tncoming insng whether e is initiated.

omplete infonits in the cnth. At the sssing data, apidly where

reports are begin. This

orrections arthe latest, th

d out by wayeck of the re

mate index

ep

port

y check

check in xt

of result

tion

r Prices of Inket)

Page 7 of 9

calculation

lculation forble by electror report.

month undeonline usinthe followinspection is c

each repor.

ormation anontext of th

same time, t calls on ne loss is per

e completes may againre carried ouhen the extr

y of suitableesults, the v

x calculat

app

Up

Up

Up

Froto 7

ndustrial

process

r the currentonic means

r report, theg the IDEV g month, si

carried out irt is comple

d implausibe preliminarthe reasons new units rmanent.

ly availabln necessitatut. The plaurapolation o

e extrapolativarious publ

tion proce

Schedule

prox. 20th of

to 17th of the

to 14th of the

to 8th of the f

m 15th of the 7th of the follo

as pe

t collection to the repor

e reporting u Internet poince later remmediately

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019

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Method

Annex(Germa Statutor

Annex 1

Annex 2

Annex 3

Collectio

Annex 4

Annex 4

Annex 5

Annex 6

Publicat

Annex 7

Annex 8

Annex 9

Annex 1

Data sou

Annex 1

Annex 1

Annex 1

Annex 1

Annex 1

dical Guide oPr

Annexes

x n version)

ry basis:

2

3

on documen

4a

4b

5

6

tions:

7

8

9

0

urces:

1

2

3

4

5


Federal S

Act on P

EU short

nts:

Price sur

Online fo

Informat

Informat

Press re

Subject m

Quality r

Leaflet o

Quality r

Quality rwater su

Quality r

Quality

Quality r


Statistics Ac

rice Statistic

t-term statis

rvey sheet fo

orm for mon

tion on statu

tion on how

lease from 2

matter serie

report on pro

on access to

report on tur

report on coupply, sewer

report on su

report on su

report on pro

r Prices of Inket)

Page 1 of 1

ct

cs

stics regulati

or the first s

nthly price re

utory basis o

to fill in the

2019

es from June

oducer price

o the results

rnover statis

st structure rage, waste

rvey on proc

urvey on gas

oduction sta

ndustrial

ion incl. Ann

urvey

ecording

of the survey

e survey form

2019

e statistics

stics

survey amomanagemen

ceeds and s

s sales and p

atistics

as pe

nex A

y (covering s

m

ong enterprisnt and reme

ales of elect

proceeds of

er: August 2

sheet)

ses of energdiation activ

tricity suppl

the gas ind

019

gy supply, vities

iers

ustry

Methodical Guide

Documents

Transcript of Methodical Guide