218 LIVY, BOOK ONE

· the coc.trast, Tarquinio ••• Jiberatorem, tum this sentence into the passive.

1. 14. regnatum (est), impersonal pass.,' there were kings'. 1. 14. ab condita ••• Jiberatam. The perf. parties. pass. are to be

rendered here by English DOUDS : r from the foundation of the city to its liberation '.

1. 16. coDSUles. Actuallythesetwomagistrateswhotookoverthe functions of the kings were called praetors until the time of the decemvirate.

1. 16. comitiis centuriatis, 'at the assembly by centuries'. It is very doubtful whether this assembly was in existence at this time. See the notes on Chap. 43, ll. 30, 37, 43·

l. 16. a praefecto urbis. The praefectus is presiding over the election in the capacity of interrex. The latter name is actually given by one historian Dionysius ( V, 84) to Lucretius, father of Lucretia.

l. 17. ex commentariis, 'in accordance with the memoranda of S.T.'

l I I ' I I I n

Liv~ Q,oo~ \

VOCABULARY

(In the following vocabulary only irregular vwb5 are given thllir principal parls in fall. Othllrwise Iha ficuru (1), (2), (3), (4), foUowing a vwb d8nou that ii is a raplar exam pk of that conjucation. No conjucation numbw is given in Iha casa of -io vwb5 like capio. Refwmcu are lo section nos.)

' a, ab, prap. with abl., from, by ; on, in consequence of, after.

abdo, -ere, -t1idi, -cli\um (3), con­ceal, bide away.

abduco, -ere, -clmi, -cluc\um (3), lead away.

abeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go away, depart ; 'Withdraw.

abhorreo (2). shrink from. abigo, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), drive

away. ablego (1), send away. abnuo, -ere, -ui (3), refuse. abolesco, -ere, -levi (3). vanish, dis-

appear. Aborigines, -um, m. pl., the earliest

inhabitants of Italy. abrogo (1), cancel, take away,

abrogate. abaem, -mis, absent. abaolvo, -ere, -TI. -utum (3),

acquit. absonua, -a, -um, out of harmony,

incompatible. abatergeo, -ere, -Bi, -IUDl (2), wipe

away. abmneo, -ere, -ui, -en\um (2), fore­

go ; refrain from attacking. abatuli, 516 aufero.

ab81lm, -eae, afui, be absent, dis­tant.

abUDdans, -antis, excessive, super-fluous.

abundo (1), overflow. ac, 566 atque. acceclo, -ere, -cesai, -cessum (3), go

to, approach, be joined, added to. accendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), set on

fire, or ablaze, inflame. accemeo, -ere, -ui, -mum (2),

reckon among. acer, -eris, -ere, shalp, keen ;

fierce, violent. accingo, -ere, -mi, -nctum (3),

prepare for action. accio (4), summon ; invite (35. 3). accipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, re­

ceive, admit, adopt (32. 14) hear, be told.

acceptus, -a, -um, popular, wet. come, acceptable.

accola, -ae, m., neighbour. acc\180 (r), accuse • .Achivi, -arum, m. pl., the Greeb. acies, -ei, f., line of battle, pitched

battle, army ; acie, in the field. acr.iter, adv., keenly, vigorously. .Actiacu.s, -a, -um, of Actium.

Q 219

220 LIVY, BOOK ONE

ad, fmip. with acc., to, at, for, near: towards, until, in answer to : corresponding to.

adaequo (1), level. adclaro (1), manifest. adcresco, -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3),

grow, increase. addico, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3), (of

omen) give assent, be favourable. adduco, -ere, -:s:i, -ctum (3), bring

to, develop (into). adedo, -ere, -ecli, -eaum (3), eat up,

consume. adeo, adv .. to such a degree, so. adeo, -ire, -ii, -limn, approach. adequito (1), ride·up to. adfecto (1), aim at, aspire to : seek. adfero, -ferre, attuli, -J.atum. bring

forward ; strike (#en'or) into. adflcio, -are, -feci, -fectum, atiect ;

with poena, punish. adtlnitas, -tatis, /., connection by

marriage. adflnno (1), affirm, strengthen,

establish. adfilgo, -are, -xi, -ctum (3), afilict,

distress, crush. adgredior, -i, -gressum. attack :

advance. adhibeo (2), invite, apply: em-

ploy (7. 12). adhortor (1), encourage. adicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, add,

apply : tum (20. l). adimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),

take away (with dal.). adipiscor, -l, adeptus (3), obtain. adiectio, -ion.is, j., addition. adiungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3). add. adiuvo, -are, -iuvi, -iutum (1),

assist.

adlicio, -ere, -lesi, -lectum, allure. entice, attmct.

adloquium, -i, n., address, speech. adloquor, -i, -locutus (3), address,

speak to. . administro (I), administer, gowrn. admiratio, -ionis, f., admhation. admiror (1), wonder at, admire. admitto, -ere, -misi, -:missum (3),

approve. admodum, ad11., greatly, very. admoneo (2), remind. admonitus, -us, m., advice, in-

stance, suggestion. admoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum (2)

bring up. adnitor, -i, -lCUll (BUI) (3), strive. adnuo, -ere, -ui, -utum (3), nod. adolesco, -ere, -evi, -ultum (3),

grow up. adoperio, -ire, -ui, -erl1m1 (4), cover

up. adorior (4), attack. adorno (1), distinguish, hon01(r. adpeto, -ere, -ii (ivi), -itum (3), aim

at ; intrans., approach. adprobo (1), approve. adquiro, -are, -aivi, -aitum (3), gain.

acquire. adsclaco, -ere, -scivi, -scitum (3),

adopt. adsentio, -ire, -si, -1111Dl (4), agree. adsid111111, -a, -um, perpetual. adsoleo (2), only 3rd pws., be.wont. adsto, -are, -atili (1), stand before. adsuefacio, -are, -feoi, -factum,

accustom. adsuesco, -ere, -nevi, -suetum (3),

become accustomed. adsum, -esse, -fui, be present. help,

assist (oftsn with dal.)

VOCABULARY 221

adsumo, ._.., -mpai, -mptum (3), enrol : assume.

adulllllC8Dll, -Dtis, m., young man, youth.

adulter, -eri, ni., adulterer. adulterium,. -1, n., adultery. aduncus, -a, -um, hooked. advena, -ae, c., foreigner ; as adj.,

foreign. advenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (4),

anive. advantus, -us, m., anival, coming. adveraor (1), resist (oftsn with dat.). ad'7erBUll, -a, -um, facing, opposing;

advena pugna, defeat. adver&Ull, prap. with acc., and adv.,

towards, against, in face of (2. 4). advoco (1). summon. aecliflcatio, -ionis, j., building. aecliflcium, -i, n., building. aecliflco (1), build, build on. aedes, Of' aec1ia, -is, /.. temple : "'

pl., house. aeger, -gra, -grum, sick. aegre, adv., with difficulty ; with

pati. fern, to feel aggrieved or resentment at, to feel vexed at.

aegrltudo, -inis, /., mortification, melancholy.

aemulati.o, -ionis,f., act of rivalling. aemulor (x), aspire to. Aeneas, -ae, m., Aeneas. Aeneas Silvius, -ae, -i, m., Aeneas

Silvius. aeneua, -a, -um, of copper or

bronze. aequalis, .:.e, equal ; as noun,

friend (of same age). aequaliter, adv., equally. Aequi, -arum, m. pl., the Aequi

(Itali11n trib1J),

.Aequicoli, -orum, m. pl., the Aequi-coli.

aequo (1), equalise; equal, match. aequus, -a, -um, level, even ; equal. aes, aeris, n., copper ; money, asses. aetu, -tam, f., age, generation,

period, time, youth. age dum, ttrlerjeaion, come. ager, agri, m., land, territory, field,

country. agger, -erls, m., mound. agitatio, -ionis,j., play (of weapons). agito (1), ponder, think over or of. agman, -inis, n., colUIDD, band ;

procession (29. 5). agnosco, -ere, -novi, -nitum (3),

recognise. ago, ~ere, egi, actum (3), do, drive,

carry along (1~. 4) ; spend (of rrip, 32. 3); hold (of festival).

agrestis, -a, rustic ; as noun, peasant, countryman.

.Agrippa, -ae, m., Agrippa (Alban king).

aio, tkfecl. 11b., say. ala, -ae, /., wing. Alba, -ae, m., Alba (Alban king). .Alba Longa, f., Alba Longa. Albanus, -a, -um, Alban, of Alba. album, -i, n., white tablet. a1ea, -ae, /.. hazard. ales, -itis, c., bird. alias, adv., at other times ; other­

wise. alienigena, -ae, c., foreigner. alienus, -a, -um, of others, strange

(58. 7) : inappropriate (20. 3) ; as noun, stranger, alien.

alio, adv., in another direction. aliqu.amdiu, adu., for some timo. aliqU&Ddo, adv., sometimes.

:z:z:z LIVY, BOOK ONE

aliquanto, adv., considerably. aliquantum, adv., considerably. aliquanms, -a, -um, considerable ;

aliquan\um spatii. for some c:oll­

siderable distance (2s. 8). aliqui, -ae, -quod, some, any. aliqnis, -quid, some one cw thing. aliquot, indaclin., some, several aliquotillDll, adv., several times. allier, adv., otherwise. alius, -a, -um, other, difierent,

another ; alii ••• alii, some ••• others.

alluvies, -ei, f., Inundation, over-flow.

alo, -ere, alui, altum (3), support, keep, maintain.

Alp1111, -ium, f. pl., the Alps. alte, adv., deeply, deep ; on high. alter, -a, -um, one of two, other,

one's neighbour. altercatio, -ioniB, f., altercation. alms, -a, -um, high ; deep. alveus, -i, m., hollow vessel,

basket. ' ambagel, -ium, f. pl., riddle ;

tacitae &Dlbages, unspoken enig­mas ; baud per ambages, in uo euigmatical fashion.

ambigo, -ere (3), argue. &mbmo, -ionis, f., currying of

favour. ambitiose, adv., by canvassing. ambitioaus, -a, -um, canvassing. ambo, -ae, -o, both. &mllJlll, -ntia, frantic, infatuated. Ameriola, -ae, f., Ameriola (lawn of

PrUci Latinil. amicitla, -ae, f., friendship. amicwl, -i, m., friend.

· amigro (I), emigrate.

amitto, -ere, -mid, -miuum (3), lose.

amnis, -ill, m., river. amo (1), love, like. amor, -oris, m., love. amplector, -i, -plans, (3) cla.sp,

embrace. ampliflco (1), enlarge. amplimdo, -inill, f .. grandeur. amplius, adv., more (than). amp11111, -a, -um, large, grand. Amuliua, -1, m., Amulius (lri"f of

.i.llb11). an, or, whether (in ![1"slions). anceps, -ipitis, too swift for the eye

to follow (25. S) ; wavering (28. 9).

jncbius, -ae, m., Anchises (/allier of ;4ene11S).

ancile, -ill, n., sacred shield (of Mars).

anci11a, -ae, f., handmaid .Ancus Martilll, -i -1, m., AD.ens

Martius (4'h Iring of Roma). ango, -ere (3), distress, vex. anguis, -is, m., make. auimadverto, -ere, -ti, -111111l (3),

notice : punish (26. 9). animus, -i, m., mind, heart, pur­

pose ; spirit ; courage (2s. 3) : anger (26. 2 etc.) ; attention (28. S) ; pride (3+ 4) ; pl., affection ; resentment.

Allio, -ienis, m., .Anio (a tributary of Iha Tib1r).

annus, -i, m., year. annuUI, -a, -um, annual, lasting for

a year. ante, prsp. with ~ •• anl adv., be­

fore ; longa ante, far beyond. ante&. adu., before, formerly.

VOCABULARY 223

~o, -Ire, -ii, -itum, go before, take the lead (S9· 6).

Antemnates, -ium, m. pl., men of Antemnae.

Antenor, -ods, m., Antenor (11 TfTJj1111).

antiquitu, -tatia, f., :mtiquity, old times. ,--

antiquus, -a, -um, ancient, of first importance.

antmes, -m.. c., priest ; priestess. &DDlu, -1, m., ring. amilll, .... -um, anxious. •p=~ire, -ul, -tum, (4) open.

aperte, adu., openly. apertum, -1, fl., the open. apertu, -a, -um, open. Aplolae, -arum, f, pl., Apiolae. apparatus, -us, m., magnificence. appareo (2), appear, be plain. apparitor, -mis, m., attendant. appeDo (1). name, call; appeal to

(40. s). appono, -en, -pa111i, -podum (3),

place Of' set before. apte, adv., deftly. apius, -a, -um, suitable, suited. apwl, pnp. with acc., among, at

the house of, in presence of. with.

aqua, -ae, f., water, stream. aquila, -ae, f., eagle. ara, -ae, f., altar. arbiter, -tri, m., witness. arbfu'or (1), think. arbor, -ods, f., tree. Arcadia, -ae, f., Arcadia (district of

S.Gruu). .Arcadicul, .... -um, .ArcadiaD. Arcaa, -&dis, m., an Arcadian.

arceo, -ere, -ui, -ctum (2), repel, save.

arcesso, -ere, -ivi, -itum (3), sum-mon.

arcuatua, -a, -um, covered, tilted. .Ardea, -ae, j., Ardea. ardeo, -ere, -Bi, -111111l (2), burn. ardor, -ods, m., ardour, eagerness. area, -ae, f., open space, site (38. 7,

SS· 2). Argei, -orum, m. pl., -. "'111 on

21. S· argantum, -i, n., silver. Argiletum, -i, n., Argi1etum (dis­

lricl of Roma). argao, -en, -ui, -utum (3), allege,

charge ; censure (28. 6). Aricia, -ae, f .. Aricia. Aricinus, -a, -um, of Aricia. lilies, -etil, m., battering-ram. arma, -orum, n. pl., arms ; shields. &l'JDllJltum, -1, "·· herd. armiDa, -ae, f., bracelet. amw (1), arm ; armati, m. pl.,

armed men. in arms. aro (1), plough. arripio, -ere, -ui, -eptum, seize. A.mms, -ntia, m., Amms (son of

Demaralus and brother of L. Tar­pinius PrUcus).

an, artia,f., art, skill ; pl., qualities, studies.

act, arda,f., citadel, stronghold. .Ascanilll, -1, m., Ascanius (son of

A111111S). Asia, -ae, f., Asia (Minor). aspemor (I), disdain, reject. uylum, -i, n., sanctuary, place of

refuge. at, conj., but, still, theu. atque, and, and moreover.

224 LIVY, BOOK ONE

atqui, and yet, but. atrox, -ocis, fierce, revolting, hor­

rible (26. 5), frightful (58. 5). attonitus, -a, -um, bewildered,

annoyed. attribuo, -ere, -ui, -utum (3), assign,

deliver. Attus, -i, m., Attus. Atys, -yos, m., Atys (Alban king). auctor, -oris, m., instigator, pro-

poser, author, authority ; coun­sellor (1. 1), doer (58. 9), con­vener (51. 4) ; auctor fio, I authorise (+in +1JCc.).

auctoritas, -tatis, /., influence. audacia, -ae, /., boldness ; enter­

prise (46. 6) ; assurance (48. 1.) audeo, -ere, ausus sum (2), S11mi­

,up., dare, venture. audio (4), hear. aufero, -ferre, abstuli, abla\um,

take away, remove, steal (58. 8). aufugio, -ere, -fugi, flee away, run. augeo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (2), in-

crease ; strengthen. exalt. augur, -uris, m., augnr. augnrato, adv., after auspices taken. augurium, -i, n., augury. auguror (1), take auspices. augustus, -a, -um, reverend, majes-

tic; venerable (29. 5). Augustus, -i, m., Augustus. aureus, -a, -um, golden, of gold. aurora, -ae, /., dawn. aurom, -i, n., gold. auspicato, adv., after auspice-tak­

ing. auspicium, -i, n., auspice, omen. aut, or, either ; aut ••• aut, either

••• or. autem, but, moreover.

amilium, -i, n., aid, help. avarllia, -ae, /., rapacity, greed. aveho, -ere, -van -vectum (3).

cany away ; in ptJSs., ride away. Aventinum, -i, n., the Aventine. Aventinus, -i, m., Aventinus-(Alban

king). Aveminus, -a, -um, Aventine. averto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), tum

away; appropriate (7. 5). aversus, -a, -um, turned away ;

turned the other way (7 5). avidus, -a, -um, desirous, greedy. avis, -is, f., bird. avitus, -a, -um, of fL grandfather. avoco (1), summon away. avolo (1), fiy away. aVUilculUS, -i, m., uncle. avus, -i, m., grandfather.

baculum, -i, n., staff. bellator, -oris, m., warrior. bellicosus, -a, -um, warlike. bellicus, -a, -um, of or belonging to

war. bellum, -i, n., war. bene, adv., well beneflcium, -i, n., benevolent ac·

tion, benefaction, kindness, favour.

benigne, adv., kindly. benignitas, -tatis, / •• kindness. benignus, -a, -um, kind, kindly,

good-natured. bigae, -arum, f. pl., pair of

horses. bini, -ae, -a, two each. bis, adv., twice. blande, adv., courteously, graci-

ously. blanditia, -ae, /., flattery.

VOCABULARY 225

blandus, -a, -um, flattering, agree­able.

bonus, -a, -um, good ; n. pl., goods, property.

bos, bovis, c., bull, cow, ox. bracchium, -i, n., arm. brevi,· adv., soon. brevis, -e, short. Brutus, -i, m., L. J'llllius Brutus.

cacumen, -inis, n., top, peak. Cacus, -i, m., Cacus. cadul -ere, cecidi, casum (3),

caecus, -a, -um, blind. caedes, -is, f., slaughter, murder,

loss ; death (59. 8). caedo, -ere, cecidi, caesum (3) kill

slay. • ' caelebs, -ibis, munarried. caelestis, -e, heavenly, of or from

heaven ; divine ; in pl., tJS noun =the gods.

Caelius, -a, -um, Caelian. caelum, -i, n., heaven. Caeninenses, -ium, m. pl., men of

Caenina. Caeninus, -a, -um, of Caenina. Caere, n., indtJcl., Caere (town its

Etruria). caerimonia, -ae, /., ceremony; ob­

servance. Caesar, -aris, m., Caesar (liUti of lbs

Roman Emparors). Camena, -ae, /., Ca.mena (Italian

musa). Cameria, -ae, J., Cameria (town i1i

Lanum). campus, -i, m., plain. cano, -ere, ceclni, cantum (3), sing,

prophesy, sound.

Capena (porta), -ae, /., the Capene Gate (in Rome).

capesso, -ere, -ivi, -itum (3), take to (of flight).

Capetus, -i, m., Capetus (Alban king). ·

capillus, -i, m., hair. capio, -ere, cepi, captum, take, take

up, form or adopt (11 plan) ; capture ; choose.

capitalis, -e, involving life, capital. Capitolinus, -i, m., the Capitoline

(hill). Capitolium, -i, n., the Capitol. Capra, -ae, f., Capra (11 pool in

Campus Marlius). captivus, -a, -um, captive ; tJS noun,

captive. caput, -itis, n., head ; capital ;

leader. Capys, -yos, m., Capys (Alban king). carcer,.-eris, m., prison. caritas, -tatis, f., affection. carmen, -inis, n., formula ;

prophecy; hymn: Carmenta,-ae,/.,"'ca.n:iienta (Roman

goddess of prophscy) ." carpentum, -i, n., carriage. carus, -a, -um, dear. castigator, -oris, m., chider. castitas, -tatis, J., purity, chas-

tity. castra, -orum, n. pl., camp. castus, -a, -um, chaste, pure. casus, -us, m., fall ; chance,

destiny. eaten&, -ae, f., chain. cauda, -ae, f., tail. causa,-ae,/., cause; abl., causi,for

the sake (of). · cavo (1), hollow.

226 LIVY, BOOK ONE

oedo, -ere, C8111i, Olllll1Ull (3), retire, yield.

celeber, -bris, -bre, famous. celebro (1), celebrate; attend

(22. 5). Celeres, -um, m. pl., the Celeres

(bodyguard of RomultU). celeriter, adv., quickly. celo ( 1), conceal. ceua, -ae, j., dinner. ceno (1), dine. CllDll801 -ere, -ui, -JISUJll (2), rate,

take the census ; think, propose. C8DBWI, -us, m., census, rating,

rateable property. centesimus, -a, -um, hundredth. cen&um, hundred. ceJdmia, -ae,f., a century. C8Jlt1uiata, -arum, n. pl. (comitia),

iassembly by centuries. centurio, -iouis, m., centurion. cera, -ae, f., (waxed) tablet. cerno, -ere, crevi, cretum (3), per­

ceive. ceitamen, -inia, n., contest, struggle,

conflict. certatim, adv., with rivalry, en-

thusiastically. clllie, adv., at any rate. ceno (1), fight, vie, struggle. certus, -a, -um, certain, fixed ;

unmistakable ; unquestioned (23. 9).

C8110 (1), be dull, wanting. ceterum, conj., but. ceteras, -a, -um, the rest of ; rest,

remaining ; the others. cibus, -i, m., food. ciao, -ere, civi, citum (2), rouse.

pugnam ciere, to lead the fight­ing.

cingo, -ere, -xi,-ctum (3), surround. Circa, -ae, f., Circe. circa, pr,p. with ac&., afUl aria.,

around, on both sides ; near by. circamoerium, ' the part on both

sides of the wall' · Cireeii, -arum, m. pl., Circeli (town

in Lalium). circumago, ..... -egi, -actum (3),

wheel ; ·in pass., revolve. circumduco, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3),

lead around. circumdo, -are, -c1edi, -c1atum (I),

put or station round ; in pass., surround.

circumeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go round ; canvass (47. 7).

circumfero, -fmn, -'111i, -la&um, carry or lead round, parade (38. 4).

circumfumlo, -ere, -fudi, -fasum (3), shed or pour round.

circumBaepio, -ire, -si, -tum (4), fence round.

circumsiato, -ere, -steti or nw (3), surround.

circumspicio, -ere, -1pai, -lp8Chlm, look round for.

circumno, -an, -ateti (1), stand round, surround.

circumveDio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (.f), surround.

circus, -i, m., circus. cito (1), hasten; summon ; equo

citato, afUl in pl., at full gallop. citra, /mp. with ac&., afUl adv., on

this side oL civilis, -e, civil. civil, -is, c., citizen. chitu, -ta.tis, f., community, citi­

zenship.

VOCABULARY 227

a1a4es, -J,t, j., disaster. clam, aria., secretly. lllamlto (1), cry repeatedly. clamor, -oria, m., shout, cry ; up-

roar (41. 1). _ clandestinu, -a. -um, hidden. chmgor, -orii, m., scream. clarua, -a, -um, famous, glorious. cluais, -is, f., 1leet, class (in cni-

luriu). claudo, -ere, -al, -llUill (3), shut. clava, -ae, /., club. c1emem, -mis, merciful. clipeum, -i, n., or -us. m., (round)

shield. clinur, -f, m., slope. cloaca, -ae,j., sawer. C1oelii, -arum, m. pl., the Cloelii

(Alban family). muWus, -i, m., Cluilius (Alban king). muWus, -a, -um, of Cluilins. coalesco, -ere, -alui, -alitum. (3),

combine, become united. coepi, -iase, began. coepmm, -i, n., undertaking. coerceo (2), restrain. coetus, -us, m., gathering, class. cogitatio, -ionia, j., thought. copatu, -a, -um, kindred, related :

also as tlOlm, kindred. copmio,-icmis,j.,legalinvestigation. cognomen, -inia, n., (family) name ;

surname ; nickname. cognosco, -ere, -novi, -nitum (3),

learn, recognise. cogo, -ere, coegi, coac&um (3), col­

lect, compel ; force (58. 9). OoDatia, -ae, f., Collatia (a city). Collatinm, -a, -~ of Collatia ; as

tro11a, man of Collatia; in 57. 7, .. !arquiniu Ooll•'hms.

colligo (z), tie together. colligo, -ere, -legi, conlectum,

gather together, collect. collis, -is, m., hill colloco (1), place, station. colo, -ere, oolui, cultum (3), culti-

vate, study ; celebrate; serve. colonia, -ae, f., colony. ~olonus, -i, m., colonist. columna, -ae, f., pillar. comes, -itis, c., companion, com­

rade. comis, -e, courteous, biendly. comiaatio, -ionis, f., revelling,

carousal. comitas, -ta.tis,j., courtesy. comit&tu, -WI, m., attendant. comiw, atlv., courteously, politely ;

in a friendly spirit (22. 5). comWa, -iorum, ts. pl., assembly ;

elections. eommeatu, -WI, m., furlough. commentarim, -i, m., memoranda. commentum, -i, n., invention. commercium, -i, n., intercourse. commigro (1), settle at; remove

(intrans.). · comminus, atlv., at close quarters. committo, -ere, -misi, -:misaum (3),

entrust. commoditu, -ta.tis, f., convenience. commodum, -i, n., gain, advantage. communia, -e, common, shared. communiter, atlv., in common ; in

co-operation (45. 2). compar, -is, equal. comparo (1), make zeady; prepare

for (war) (36. 2) ; procure. compello, -ere, -puli, -p~ (3),

drive together ; concentrate. complector, -i, -ezus (3), embrace.

228 UVY, BOOK ONE

compleo, -ere, -evi, -etum (2) fill comploratio, -icmis, j., lamentation. compono, -ere, -posui, -positum (3),

compose ; ex compllllito, by agreement, by preconceived plan.

compoa, -otis, in possession "' enjoyment of.

comprehando, -ere, -di, -•um (3), Beize ; arrest.

comprimo, -ere, -preasi, -preuum (3), crush; quell (of riof).

conatua, -us, m., attempt. concedo, -ere, -ceasi, -cll8BUJll. (3),

yield. concelebro (1), celebrate or keep (11

festival). concieo, -ere, -ai'ri, -citum (2). col­

lect (11 crowtl), draw together; provoke (6o. 2).

CODcilio (1), win over, win. conc:ilium, -l, n., assembly, meet­

ing. concipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, con­

ceive ; draw up, formulate. concilo (1), rouse, whip up (28. 10). conclamo (1), shout; lament, wail

(58. 12). conconlia, -u, f., harmony. concora, -clis, in harmony or con­

cord. concupisco, -ere, -ii, -itnm (3), long

for, covet. CODCIUTO, -ere, -cuni, -cursum (3),

charge (25. 3) ; muster. cOD.CUrllUll, -us, m., rush, encounter. condemno (1), condemn; find

guilty (26. 8). cOJUtico, -ere, -mo -ctum (3), make

demands on. comlitor, -oris, m., founder ; ori­

ginator.

condo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), found; close.

confero, -ferre, -\uli, -latum, bring together, collect, compare ; con­tn'l>ute. signa conferre, to join battle.

confeasio, -iouia, /., acknowledg­ment.

confe&ti:m, adv., immediately. con!cio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, make,

accomplish; dispatch (25. 10). coufl.do, -ere, -&us ll1Ull (3), semi­

dap., feel confident, trust. conflagro (1), bum, be consumed

(wit/a jirt1). coDfligo, -ere, -mo -ctum (3). fight. coufl.uente&, -ium, m. pl., the con-

11uence of the Tiber and the Anio. confugio, -ere, -fugi, fiy, Bee for

refuge ; have recourse. confnndo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum (3),

confuse, merge. congero, -ere, -gesal, -gutum (3),

heap up. congredior, -i, -gressua sum, meet. congrego (1), collect; in pass.,

11.ock together. ccmgremnu, -us, m., meeting. congruo, -ere, -ni (3), agree. ccmicio, -ere, -ieai -iectum, hurl,

Bing ; se conicere, to plunge (12. 10).

conitor, -l, -nixna or nisuB (3), m:ert oneself fully. .

coniungo, -ere, -innm,-innctum (3), unite ; join on to ; make to touch.

conimrr, -iugis, c., husband or wife conimator, -oris, m .• conspirator. coniuro (1), conspire. conlaudo (1), praise highly.

VOCABULARY 229

ccmligo, SU colligo. c:onloquium, -i, ti., conference,

parley. conor (1), try, attempt. conqueror, i, -qU1Btua (3), complain

bitterly of. conquiesco, -ere, -qnievi, -qnietum

(3), remain at rest. eomaluto (1), salute, greet. consanguinitas, -ta.tis, /., blood

relationship. cOD.Bcendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3),

mount. cOD.BCisco, -ere, -scivi, -scitum (3),

approve. eOD.Bciua, -a, -um, conscious. conscm11o, -ere, -acriplli, -acriptum

(3), enrol consecro (1), consecrate. OCID.llllD.BU8, -US, m., unanimity, har­

mony, agreement. con&entio, -ire, -ai, -ll1Ull (4). agree ;

in pass., be agreed upon. cOD.Bequor, -l, -1ecutua (3), over­

take. COD.Blll'O, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), join;

manus COD.Berere, to engage in fight.

consido, -ere, -aedi, -1eaum (3), sit down, seat oneself.

cODllilium, -J, n., design, plan, measure, counsel ; contrivance.

comido, -ere, -stiti (3), take one's stand.

comocio (1), unite, assume as a body.

CODB01or (1), console. COlllp8Ctus, -us, m., sight. compicio, -ere, -IJIUi, -apectum.

behold : look an (47. 5). ccmspicuus, -a, -um, conspicuous.

constituo, -ere, -ni, -utum (3), determine, establish, institute ; settle (46. 5).

coD.Bto, -are, -stiti, -atatum, become static ; imp.rsonal, it is agreed or allowed.

construo, -ere, -mo -ctum (3), con­struct, build.

Oomualia, -ium, n. pl., festival in honour of Consus.

COD.BUUCO, -ere, -IUevi, -metum (3). ai:.custom;inperj., be accustomed.

COD.BU), -u]js, m •• consul. consulo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), con­

sult (+acc.) ; consult interests of (+dat.).

eonsullo (1), consider. consultus, -a, -um, lea.med. coniagio, -ionis, f., infection. contamino (1), pollute, stain. contemno, -ere, -tam.psi, -temptum

(3). despise. contemptua, -us, m., contempt ;

n~glect (56. 7). cc.ntendo, -ere, -di, -tum (3), con­

tend, assert ; hasten, fight. eontentua, -a, -um, satisfied. continena, -:atis, continuous, un­

broken. conlineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), hold in

check. contingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum (3),

befall, fall to one's lot ; osculo contingere, to kiss.

continuo (1), make continuous. continuus, -a, -um, continuous,

successive. contio, -ionis,/., meeting, assembly. contionor (1), address (a mt1eting). contra, f>rl/J. with acc. un4 adv.,

against ; on the other hand ;

230 LIVY, BOOK ONE

opposite; contra iutueri (16. 6), gaze on him face to face.

contraho, -ere, -trui, -tractum (3), draw together.

contumelia, -ae,f., indignity, insult. conubium, -i, n., marriage. convalesco, -ere, -ui (3), grow

strong. . convallis, -is, f., valley. conveho, -ere, -vui, -vectmn (3),

collect. convBDio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (4),

come together; ( +aci;.), meet; be agreed upon (3. 5, 24. 2).

converto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), divert, attract attention of.

convivium, -i, n., entertainment ; banquet.

coorior, -iri, -ortua (4). rlse. copia, -ae, f., plenty ; '" /Jl.,

forces. cor, cordis, n., heart. coram, prep. with abl., and adv., in

the presence (of). Corinthius, -a, -um, Corinthian, of

Corinth. Corinthus, -i, f., Corinth. comeua, -a, -um, of horn. comeus, -a, -um, of cornel-wood. comicen, -cinis, m., horn-blower. Comiculum, -i, n., Corniculum. cornu, -us, n., hom, wing (of an

army). corpus, -aria, n., person, body. corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -ruptum (3),

bn"be. corruo, -ere, -ui, fall (lifekss). cos, cotis, f., whetstone. cratia,-is,f.,hurdles. creber, -bra, -brum, thick ; thickly

(31. 2).

credo, -ere, -clidi, -ditum (3), be­lieve, trust ; believe in (oftm with dat.).

cremo (1), burn. creo (1), elect, appoint. creaco, -ere, crevi, cretum (3),

grow. Creuaa, -ae, f., Creusa (wife of

Aeneas). crimen, -inis, n., accusation. criminatio, -ionia, f .. incrimination. criminor (1), accuse. crinis, -is, m., hair. Croton, -is, f., Croton (S. Italian

Gity). cruciatua, -us, m., torture. crudelis, -e, cruel. crudelltaa, -tatia, f., cruelty. cruentua, -a, -um, bloody. cruor, -oria, m., blood, gore. Cruatumerium, -i, n., Crostumeri-

um. Cruatumini, -orum, m. pl., men of

Crustumerium. cubiculum, -i, n., bedroom. culmen, -inis, n., top, roof. culpa, -ae, f., fault, error. culter, -tri, m., knife. cultua, -us, m., worship ; style,

fashion (39. 3) ; use, occupation (44. 4).

cum, i;onj., when, since, although. cum ••• tum, not only ••• but

also both ... and. cum, prep. with abl., with, together

with. cumulus, -1, m., heap. cunctanter, adv., with delay or hesi­

tation. cunctor (1), delay, hesitate. cupiditaa, -tatia,f,, desire, ambition.

VOCABULARY

cupido, -inis, f., desire, ambition. cupidus, -a, -um, desirous. cupio, -ere, -ivi, -itum, desire. cura, -ae, f., care, anxiety, con-

cern, attention ; management ; foreboding (56. 4).

Cures, -ium, pl., m. or j., Cures (a Sabi1111 town).

curia, -ae, f., curia, ward ; senate­house.

Cmiatii, -orum, m. pl., the Curiatii. curo (1), carry out, deal with

(20. 7); heal (of.wounds). curro, -ere, cucurri, cursum (3), run. currus, -us, m., chariot. curaua, -us, m., running, rnsh,

phase; effuao CU1'llU (37. 4), in scattered rout.

Curtius, -i, m., Mettius Curtius (Sabi1111 Chia!).

curulis, -e, curule. custoaia, -ae, j., custody, protec­

tion. custoa, -oclia, e., guard, sentinel. Cypriua, -a, -um, Cyprius (name of

sired in Rome). ·

(daps) dapia, j., (nol found in sg.), feast.

de, prep. with abl., from, concern-ing, for, about.

dea, -ae, f., goddess. debeo (2), owe. decedo, -ere, -ceBSi, -CllBBUDl (3), die. decem, ten. deceo (2), impwson., it becomes,

befits. decemo, -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3),

decide, decide (Iha issua), fight it out ; decree.

decipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, de' ceive.

declaro (1), declare. declino (1), tum aside. decoro (1), adom; decoratua (26.

lo), trophy-laden. decorus, -a, -um, appropriate,

becoming, suitable. decuria, -ae, j., decury. decurro, -ere, -curri, -cursum (3),

run down. decuraua, -us, m., charge. decua, -oris, n., ornament, honour,

distinction. decutio, -ere, -cuaai, ,..cussmn, strike

oft. dedecua, -aria n., disgrace ; the

(threat of) dishonour (58. 4). dedico (1), dedicate, appoint. deditio, -ionia, j., surrender. dedo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), give up,

surrender ; devote. deduco, -ere, -duzi, -ductum (3).

guide, conduct ; (of eolonies) plant.

defectio, -ionia, j., revolt. defendo, -ere, -ell, -nsum (3), defend. defero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, carry

down or to ; ofter ; report. deflcio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, fail ;

fall away. deflgo, -ere, -bi, -hum (3), plunge;

overwhelm (29. 3). deformia, -e, hideous. defungor, -i, -functua (3), finish off

(with abl.). degenero (1), degenerate. dego, -ere, degi (3), live. dehinc, adv., from here. deicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, throw

or strike down.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

deiD, sae deinde. deiDcepa, adv., next, successively. deinde, adv., then, next; aftertbat,

therefore ; afterwards ; sub­sequently.

delabor, -i, -lapBUB (3), glide down. delenio (4), soothe, mitigate. deb"berabundus, -a, -um, plunged in

thought. deliberatio, -ionis, f., reflection. delictum, -i, n., sin, wrong. deligo, -ere, -legi, -lectum (3), se­

lect. delinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictum (3),

offend. Delphi, -orum, m. pl., Delphi (in

. Greece). delubnun, -i, n., shrine. demaDdo (1), entrust. Demaratus, -i, m., Demaratus. demergo, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), send

underground. demitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),

send down ; in pass., descend ; sink (34. 8). .

demo, -ere, dempsi, demptum (3), take away, remove.

demum, adv., at last. deni, -ae, -a, ten each. denique, adv., lastly, in short,

finally. denBUB, -a, -um, thick. depono, -ere, -posui, -positam (3),

lay down or aside. tleprehendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3),

seize. . descendo, :-ere, -di, -sum (3), de­

scend ; penetrate, (19. 5). descisco, -ere, -scivi, -scitum (3),

revolt. describo, su cliscribo, copy.

desero, -ere, -ui, -mm. abandon, neglect, desert.

deses, -idis, inactive. desiderium, -i, n., regret, loss. desido, -ere, -sedi (3), sink. designo (1), mark out. desiato, -ere, -stiti (3), desist. despondeo, -ere, -di, -sum (2), be-

troth. destino (1), destine. destimo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), desert,

baulk (51. 5). desuetwlo, -inis, f., disuse. desum, -ease, -fui, be wanting or

lacking. determino (1), mark oft, delimit. detineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), with-

hold, keep back. deus, -i, m., god. deveraorium, -i, n., lodging. deverticulum, -i, n., lodging. devinco, -ere, -vici, -1ictum (3),

defeat utterly. devolvo, -ere, -volvi, -volutum (3),

roll down ; in pass., sink. dexter, -tra, -trlun, right. dextra, or dextera, -ae, f., right

hand. dextere, adv., skilfully. Dialis, -e, of Jupiter. Diana, -ae, f., Diana. Diauium, -i, n., shrine of Diana. dicio, -ionis, f., sovereignty, power. dico (1), dedicate. dico, -ere, -:id, -ctum (3), say, call,

give name. dictator, -oris, m., dictator ; Alban

magistrate. dictito (I), exclaim. ' dictum, -i, n., word ; dicfio audiens,

obedient.

VOCABULARY 233

dies, -ei, m. or f., day ; in dies, day by day.

di1fero, -ferre, distuli, dilaWm, put off, postpone.

diflloilis, -e, difficult. difllciliter, adu., with difficulty. diflldo, -ere, -Jlsus sum (3), umi-

il8p., distrust (often with dal.). iligiius, -i, m., :finger. diguitu, -ta.tis, J., worth, rank, -

honour, dignity. dignus, -a, -um, worthy (ojt871 with

abl.). cligredior, -i, -gressus, depart. cligressus, -us, m., departure, with­

drawal. dilatio, -ionis, f., delaying. dimicatio, -ionis, f., contest,

struggle, fight ; trial of strength. dimico (1), fight. dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),

dismiss. dirigo, -ere, -e:D, -ectum (3),

m:range. dirimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),

break off ; put off. cliruo, -ere, -ui, -utum (3), pull

down, demolish. disceptator, -oris, m., arbitrator. cliscerpo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3), tear

in pieces. cliscindo, -ere, -scidi, -scissum (3),

cleave. disciplina, -ae, f., discipline, sys-

tem; insb-uction (28. 9). disco, -ere, didici (3), learn. cliscribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3), divide. discribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3),

~· ' ,, ... discrimen, -DWI, n., distinction ; decisive or critical point.

discurro, -ere, -curri, -cursum (3), dart.

dispar, -paris, unlike. clispenso (x), order. clispliceo (2), displease (often with

dal.). dissero, -ere, -ui, -tum. discourse,

utter. atgjmilis, -e, unlike. dissimulo (1), conceal. dissonus, -a, -um, discordant,

different. distendo, -ere, -di. -tum (3), stretch

out. disto (x), be separate or distant. clistraho, -ere, -:id, -ctum (3), pull

asunder. clistn'buo, -ere, -i, -utum (3), divide . clistn'butio, -ionis, f., distn'bu­

tion. dito (x), enrich; in pass., to enrich

oneself (57. 1). diu, adu., by day ; for a long time. cliuturnus, -a, -um, of long dura­

tion. divendo, -ere, -venditum (3), sell

piecemeal. diveraus, -a, -um, diverse, opposite. dives, divitis or clitis, rich. clivido, -ere, -Tisi, -vimm (3), divide,

allot. clivinitas, -ta tis, f.. divinity. clivinitus, adv., from the gods. dl:rinus, divine, sacred ; res divinae

(8, 1), worship of the gods. divinus, -i, m., diviner, soothsayer. clivisus, -us, m., a distn'buting. di'ritiae, -arum, f, pl., riches. do, dare, dedi, datum (x), give,

grant ; give away ; me obviam do (with dal.), I meet.

~ I I

'

134 LIVY, BOOK ONE

cloceo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), teach, tell ; explain (9. 14).

doctriDa, -ae, /.. teaching. documentum, -i, n., example. dolor, -oria, m., pain, grief, resent-

ment (40. 4). dolua, -i, m., deceit, stratagem : dolus malua (2+ 7), malice prepense. domasticua, -a, -um, domestic, pri-

vate. domicilium, -i, n., home, domicile. domina, -ae, /., mistress. dominua, -1, m., master, owner. domo, -are, -ui, -itum (1), tame,

snbdue. domua, -ua, /., home, house : loc.

domi, at home. donec, conj., until. dmmm, -1, "·· gift. dormio (4), sleep. domun, -1, n., ridge ; in dorso,

along a ridge. dubie, ado., hand dubie, unmistake-

ably. dubito (1), doubt. dubiua, -a, -um, doubtful ducenti, -ae, -a, two hundred. duco, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), lead:

marry ; deem : build (a/ walls). ductor, -oris, m., leader. duellum, altl Jami af bellum. dulcedo, -inis, f., charm, sweetness. dum, with indic., while : with subj.,

provided that. dummodo, conj., provided that. duo, duae, duo, two. duodecim, twelve. duodeni, -ae, -a, twelve each. duoclequadragesimus, -a, -um,

thirty-eighth. duplu, -ioia, twofold, double.

duplico (1), double. duro (1), last, endure. clnumviri, -arum, m. pl., duumvinl. dnx, ducis, m., leader.

e, u, prtJjJ. with abl., from, out of, in accordance with, in conse­quence of, after.

ea, ado., on that side. ecqui, -qnae, -qnod, intwrag. adj.

any. ecquis, -quid, any, anyone or thing. edico, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), make

proclamation. eclicmuD, -1, "·· proclamation. edo, -ere, -didi, -c1itum (3), bring

forth, produce ; perform, do; give out, name.

edoceo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), pre-scribe.

educo (1), rear, bring up. eclnco, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), lead out. efl'aro, -fern, mull, elatum, carry

out ; copy (32. 2.) efl'ero (1), make savage. efllcax, -acis, effective. efllcio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, make,

do; cause. efllgiea, -ei J., image, symbol etfor (1), pronounce. efl'ringo, -ere, -fregi, -frachun (3),

break open. effngio, -ere, -fugi, escape. efl'undo, -ere, -fwli, -fuaum (3),

pour forth ; in pass., stream out; efl'uaUI, scattered or headlong.

effuse, ado., in scattered :flight. egem, -antis, poor, needy. egeo (2), be in need (aftm with abl.). Egeria, -ae, f., Egeria (wife of Numa

and Raman mtu11).

VOCABULARY 235 Egeriua, -i, m., Egerins (n/JjJhew of

Lucumo). ego, L eg:redior, -f, -grusua, go out, leave :

land. egregius, -a, -um, noble, peerless,

goodly, outstanding. eicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, turn or

:fling out. elabor, -f, -Iapsua (3), slip out,

escape. elanguesco, -ere, -langui (3), grow

feeble, languish. elicio, -ere, -licuf, -llcitum, elicit. Eliciua, -i, m., Elicius (title of

Jupilllr). eludo, -ere, -Iii, -mm (3), mock at. elll'ries, -Iii, f., ovedlow, :Oood. emantior (4), lie, assert falsely. emergo, -ere, -Iii, -anm (3), extri-

cate ; in poss., get out, emerge (13. 5).

emineo (2), be prominent. emitto, -ere, -miai, -misaum. (3),

send forth : utter. emo, -ere, emi, emptum (3), buy. Eneti, -tum, m • .pl., the Eneti. mUm, conj., for. enimvero, ado., then indeed, of

course. eniteo (2), shine forth, be con­

spicuous. eo, ado., thither, there ; to such a

pitch. eo, ado., for that reason, on this or

that account. eo, ira, ii (hi), itum, go. eodem, adv., to the point or place. Ephesiua, -a, -um, Ephesian, of

Ephesus. eques, -ilia, m., horseman, knight.

Jl

eqnester, -tris, -tre, equestrian, of cavalry.

equidem, ado., indeed, truly, snrely. equit.atns, -us, m., cavalry. equua, -i, m., horse. erga, prep. with occ., towards,

for. ergo, adv., therefore. ergo, prep. with gen., by way of. erigo, -ere, -rm, -rectum (3),

rouse; excite (25. 2); raise on high (27. 8).

eripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, rescue. erogo (1), draw. errabundua, -a, -um, wandering. llll'o (1), err. error, -oris, m., wandering, con-

fusion. erwlio (4), educate. eacendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), ascend,

climb. Esqniliae, -arum, /. pl., the Es·

qniline or Esqniline Hill. Esquiliariua, -a, -um, Esqniline. Esqnilinus, -a, -um, Esqniline. et, conj., and : et ••• et, both ...

and: also. etiam, ado., also, even. Etruria, -ae, /., Etruria. Etrnscns, -a, -um, of Etruria,

Etruscan ; as 110tm, Etruscan. etai, conj., although, even if. Euganai, -orum, m. pl., the Eu­

ganei. Evander, -chi, m., Evander. evado, -ere, -Iii, -anm (3), escape;

turn out to be (39. 4). eveho, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), carry up

or away ; in poss., ascend. mmio, -ire, -veni, -•tum (4),

happen, tum out.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

eventua, -ua, m., issue, result : ful-filment (39• 1).

evoco (1), call out tW forth. u, 5'1e e. uaediil.co (1), complete building ot eyanimia, -a, lifeless, breatblesa. uaudio (4), bear clearly ; overbear. uauguratio, -ionia, f., deconsecra-

tion. uauguro (1), deconsecrate, with-

draw from consecration. escello, -are, -lui, -nm (3), excel. excelaua, -a, -um, lofty. ucidium, -i, n., destruction, de-

molition. excieo (2)}xouse, draw out, llUJI1· llXl:io (4) mon; attract (7. 9). excipio, -ere, -cepi, -captum, take

up, welcome : engage in (53. 4). u:cito (1), provoke, rouse. ucludo, -ere, -Ii, -sum (3), shut

out, exclude. u:curro, -ere, -(ou)mmi. -C1U'll1llll

(3), sally out. uemplum, -i, n., example, pattern,

type, exemplar. . ueo, -ire, -ii (hi), -itum, go out,

land; expire (of lf'UCll). uerceo (2), train ; conduct (49. 4) :

make to work (S6. 3). aercitua, -ua, m., army. u:bamio, -ire, -Ii, -&tum. (4), ex­

haust, drain out, cleanse. u:igo, -ere, -egi, -actam (3), drive

out. uiguua, -a, -um, small, meagre. uimiua, -a, -um, choice. aimo, -ere, -emi, -emp\um (3), take

away; waste (50. 8). exiDde, adv., thereupon. ulatimo (1), tbiDk.

aiWa, -us, m., ending, issu~ uonlium, -i, n., beginning. uorior, -iri, -ortus (4), rise up. ezpeditio, -ionia, .f., expedition. upargiacor, -i, -perrBllhs (3), a-

wake. uperiar, -m. -tua (4), try, test ;

experience ; perj. parl. in passive maaning (17. 3 : 3+ 12).

a:pen, -tis, without a share of; free from (oftm fllilh gen.).

upato, -ere, -petm (ii), -petitum (3), demand: inflict: intrans., fall

upio (1), atone for. mcplao, -ere, -evi, -mun (2), :fill up,

complete. a:plico, -are, -avi (ui) t -a\uJn {itmll)

(1), organise : deploy (27. 6). expono, -ere, -poaui, -poslium (3),

expose. • upoaco, -ere, -popoaci (3), unplore,

demand. upupo (1), storm. u:aanguia, -e, lifelesa. llDClibo, -ere, -psi, -p\uJn (3),

write out. asecror (1), cuxse. asequor, -i, -aeeutua (3), carry out!

pursue, punish. enigno (1), register, note down.

asilium, -i, "·· exile. aspecto (1), wait for. aspiro (1), breathe one's last. asto, -are (1), remain: may be

seen (25. 14). an), -ulia, c., exile. enu1o (1), be an exile. 11D11pero (1), overcome: exceed the

costs of (55. 9). ma, -orum, n. pl., vitals.

VOCABULARY 237

utemplo, adv., at once, on the in-stant.

eDem.ua, -a, -um, extemal, foreign. ~o (2), temfy. aka, prep. fllilh acc., outside ot ezt.raho, -ere, -ld, -ctum (3), draw

out. utremum, -i, "·• end. utremua, -a, -um, outermost, ex­

treme. eztiimllCUll, adv., outside. ualio (1), exult, triumph.

faber, -brf, m., workman. Fabius, -i, m., Fabius Pictor (his-

torian). · fabricor (1), construct. fabula, -ae, J., story. facesso, -ere, -i, -mun (3), intr.,

retire. faci111, -ei, J., :features. facile, adv., easily. facilis, -e, easy. facinorosua, -a, -um. bold, dar­

ing. faoinna, -oris, n., deed. facio, -ere, fec:i, factum, do, act ;

make, offer: appoint, create (26. 5).

fao&, -ionls,J •• faction, party. factum, -i, "·• deed : in pl., con­

duct. faculiaB, -iatis, J .• opportunity. fallo, -ere, fafelli, fa1sum (3). de-

ceive. falao, adv., falsely. falaua, -a, -um, false. fama, -ae, j., reputation, glory :

tradition : story, news : fami fern, to celebrate.

familia, -ae, J .• household.

famil!arla, -e, familiar, intimate ; as noun, a domestic, attendant.

familiaritaa, -ta.tis, J .• intimacy. fanum, -i, n., shrine. fas, indacl. "·· right : permitted :

religion (9. 13). fastigium, -i, n., top : downward

slope (38. 6). fastua, -a, -um. propitious for

speech. fateor, -eri, falllus (2), acknow-

ledge, confess. fatigo (1), weary, beset (u.2). fatiloquua, -a, -um, prophetic. fatum, -i, n., destiny, fate. Fauatulua, -i, m., Faustulus. fauama, -a, -um, favoured, blessed. fauior, -oris, m., supporter, patron. faveo, -ere, fa'ri, fau\uJn (2), be

favourable to (with dot.). favor, -ozia, m., favour, support. felis, -icis, successful, fortunate. femina, -ae, woman. fBDllllh'a, -ae, f., window. fera, -ae, f., wild animal ferculum. -i, ... frame. fare, adv., nearly, almost. Fmmtina, -ae, /., Ferentina (Latin

goddus). Femdua, title of Jupiter. feriae, -arum, J. pl., festival. ferio, -ire (4), strike. ferme, adv., about, pretty much. faro, fure, tuli, latum, bear, cany;

say : give out (30. 6) ; prae ae ferre, to assert : ad populum femt, bring or submit a proposal before the people.

farociter, adv., :fiercely, truculently. Farcmia, -aa, J., Ferbnia (Italian

daily).

LIVY, BOOK ONE

ferox, -ocia, bold, warlike ; high­spirited; aggressive (51. 7); emboldened: desperate (40. 5).

ferramenWm, -i, n., implement (of iron).

ferratua, -a, -um, shod with iron. ferrum, -i, n., iron, weapon, sword. feuus, -a, -um, weary. fesbo (1), hasten. fetialia, -e, fetial ; as noun, Fetial

priest. 1'icaDa, -ae, f., Latin city. l'iculea, -aa, f ., Ficnlea. Acus, -i (us), f., fig-tree. Melis, -e, faithful, trusty. l'idanae, -amm, f. iJl., Fulenae. Fidenu, -atis, of Fulenae ; Fiden-

ates, -ium, m. iJl., people of Fidenae.

Ides, -ei, f., trust, good faith ; allegiance ; loyalty ; pledge, protection : credibility ; reli­ability, honour (9. 13).

Aducia, -aa, f., confidence. Adu, -a, -um, faithful, reliable. Ago, -ere, -m. -:mm (3), fix, hangup. fDia, -ae, /., daughter. flliu, -i, m., son. fllum, -i, n., thread, band. bio (4)~ finish, limit, fix, fix upon. flnil, -is, m., boundary ; pl., terri-

tory. Animnus, -a, -um, neighbouring :

as noun, neighbour. Ao, fl.erl, factua sum, am made, am

held; am committed; ut; flt, aa happens, as is usual.

Jlrmo (1), strengthen. flmnu, -a, -um, strong, firm. flamen, -inia, m., Aamen, priest. flamma, -ae, f., Bame.

flebiliter, ada., tearfully, weeping. flecto, -ere, -m. -:mm (3), bend,

tum : viam flectere, make a cir­cuit.

floreo (2), flourish. fluduo (x), waver. fluito (1), float. flumen. -inis, n., river. tluvius, -i, m., river, stream. foede, ada., foully, hideously. foedim, -tiatis, f., hideousness,

horror. foedu, -a, -um, foul, detestable,

shamefuL .

foedu, -eris, 11., treaty. fom, fcmtia, m., spring. foras, or foria, ada., out of doom,

abroad ; outwards. forJB, -is,/., door. form&, -aa, f., form, beauty. formo (1), shape, model. formula, -ae, f., form. fon, fortis, f., chance ; fmte, by

chance, at haphazard. forslian, ada., perhaps. forlil, -e, brave, courageous. fomm&, -ae, f., :fortune, fate ; pl.,

property, state. forum, -i, ti., forum. forus, -i, m., bench. fOll&, -ae, f. ditch, tnmch. fragor, -oria, m., crash. fraugo, -en, fregi, fractum (3),

break. frater, -t;ria, m, brother. fraus, fraudis, f., deceit, harm:

fraude, treacb.erous1y (n. 9). fremo, -ere, -lli, -mun (3), murmur. frmum, -i, n., rein. 1requem, -11u, crowded, m. crowds

or 11umbers.

VOCABULARY 239

frequenter, adu., in large numbers ; comjJrw., frequentiius, more populously.

frequentia, -ae, f., large 11umber. fretum. -1, n., sb'ait, channel. frehl, -a, -um, relying on (with

abl.). frugifer, -era, -um, (fruit-bearing),

reunmemtive. fruor, -i, frwmu (3), enjoy (with

abl.). frustror (x), disappoint, cheat. l'nMlus, -i, m., Mettius Fufetius. faga, -ae, f., flight. exile. fugio, -en, fugi, flee. fugo (1), put to flight. fulgeo, -ere, -ai, -sum (2), shine,

gh1ter. fa1man, -inil, 11., lightning, thun-

derbolt. fmu1a, -ae, f., sling. fnndam1111'1lm, -i, n., foundation. fnndo, -ere, fudf, fasum (3), rout,

put to flight. funebris, -e, of funerals ; in n. pl.,

funeral rites. fungor, -i, funotiUI (3), (with abl.)

perform ; hold. funus, -eds, n., funeral, death. fmoa, -ae, f., fork ; props. furia, -ae, f., desire, frenzy;

avenging spirlt. l'mdus, -i, m., Spmius Fusius. futurus, -a, -um, fal. iJarl. of ll1UD,

future.

Gabi, -arum. m. fJl., Gabii. Gabbd, -ormn, m. pl., the men of

Gabii. plea, -ae, f., helmet. pudium, -i, 11., joy, rejoicing.

Oeganii, -orum, m. iJl., the Geganii. gamino (1), double. geminu, -a, -Ulfl, twin. gemmaa, -a, -UJ!l, jewelled. gener, -erl, m., son-in-law. gmdt;u, SIJll gigno, gem, gentis, /., tnbe, nature, race,

people, family. genu, -eds, n., kind, race. pro, -ero, gessi, gestum (3), do,

wage (of war) ; display (25. 3). Guyon, -oDia, m., Geryon. gigno, -ere, genui, genihun (3),

beget, produce ; genit;u, -a, -um, barn.

gladiua, -j, m., sword. globus, -i, m., body (5. 7) ; band

(12. 9), gang. glomero (1), form into a ball gloria, -ae, f., glory, renown. glorior (1 }, boast. Oraecia, -ae, J., Greece. Oraacus, -a, -um, Greek. Oradivus,titleofMa.rs. gradu, -us, m., step ; gradation

(43. 10). gramen, -inis, fl., grass. grando, -inis, f., hail, hailstones. gratia, -ae, f., affection, favour ;

gratiam inire, to win favour. gratias agere, to thank.

gratuitus, -a, -um, without pay or effect ; ineffective.

grat;nlor (1), congratulate (acc. of thing: dal. of person).

grahla, -a, -um, pleasing, dear. gravatim, adu., reluctantly. gravidus, -a, -um, pregnant. gra'ril, -e, heavy, weighty; for­

midable (40. 4)· pvo (1), burden, make heavy.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

gravor (1), be reluctant, regard as a burden (56. 1).

grex, gregia, m., troop.

habao (2), have, bold. habito (1), live, inhabit. habmm,-u,m.,bearlng; posses-

sion (42. 5). Jladriatoicus, -a, -um, Adriatic. haerao, -are, -Bi, ·llUJll (2), stick. haruspu, -icis, m., soothsayer,

diviner. haa&a, -ae, j., spear, lance. baud. ado., not. haudquaquam, adv., by no means. Helena, -ae, f., Helen. Heraolaa, -ae, f., Heraclea (a city). herba, -ae, /., grass. barhilhu, -a, -um, grassy. Herculas, -ii, m., Hercules. Benlcmiu, -i, m., Tmnus Her-

donius. hares, --. c., heir. Bemicl, -orum, m. pl., the Hernici. Henilia, -ae, /., Hersilia. hestemus, -a, -um, yesterday's ; of

yesterday. hie or hice, haec, hoc, this ; be,

she, it ; .pl., they ; the other (cf. ille).

hie, adv., here. hinc, ado., hence, from. here, on

tbiS side; hinc ••• hinc, on one side ••• on the other.

hoclie, ado., today. bocllemu, -a, -um, today's. homo, bominis, c., human being,

man. . honestu, -tatis, /., honourableness. honestua, -a, -um, honourable,

respectable.

honoro (1), honour. honoa, -oria, m., honour, advance-

ment ; respect ; rank (8. 7). hora, -ae,f., hour. Horatia, -ae, /., Horatia. Horatii, -arum, m. pl., the Horatil. Horatius, -i, m., Horatius (Publius),

(i) father of the three Horatii, (ii) the survivor of the three Horatil.

Horatius, -a, -um, of the Horatil. borrenclu, -a, -um, dread, dread­

ful horreo (2), shudder, dread. horror, -oris, m., horror, shudder,

awe. bortus, -i, m:, garden. hospes, -itil, m., host or guest ;

stranger. bospitalia, -a, hospitable ; used for

a guest. bospitaliter, adv., hospitably. hoapitium, -1, n., hospitality ; tie of

hospitality. hoatia, -ae, /.. victim. bostilis, -e, hostile, of the foe. hostiliter, ado., in hostile man-

ner. Hostilius, -i, m., Tullus Hostilius. Hoatilius, -a, -um, of Hostilius. bostis, -ii, c., enemy. Hoatiu, -i, m., Hostius Hostilius. hue, adv., hither. humanm, -a, -um, human, pro-

fane. bumilia, -e, humble, lowly.

iaceo (2), lie. iacio, -ere, ieci, iactum, throw, lay

(foundatians). lacto, (1), discuss,

·i

• i

I

I ' . I

I

VOCABULARY

iam, adv., DOW, already; then (6. l) ; lam ab ind.a initio, from the very first.

Ianiculum, -i, m., the J aniculum. Iazraa, -i, m., Janus. ihi, adv., there. ico, -ere, lei, ictam (3). strike,

smite ; foedu icere, make a treaty.

ic&UI, -u, m., blow. idem, eadem, idem, same, he too,

likewise. Ulmtidam, adv., repeatedly. igitar, conj., therefore. iparus, -a, -um, ignorant. ignavia, ..... /., cowardice. jgnia, -ill, m., fire. ignoro (1), not know igno'1111, ... -um, unknown.

·, DiDm. -1, n., Ilium (Troy). ille, iDa, illud, that ; he, she, it ;

the one (cf. hie). imago, -inil, /., image, likeness ;

mask. imbellia, -e, unwarlike. imhuo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), imbue,

impregnate. imitatio,~onis,j.,imitation. imitar {I), copy, imitate. immaturas, -a, -um, unseasonable. im.memor,-oria,m.,furgetful,un-

reasonable ; making no mention of (34. 3).

immemUll, -a, -um, infinite. immigro (1), penetrate. immineo (2), overlook; imminem,

impending, threatening. lmminuo, -ere, -i, -mm (3)

diminish, reduce. immitio, -are, -mild, -miaaum (3),

eead into, loose against.

immo, ado., on the contrary. immolo (1), sacrifice. immortalis, -e, immortal. immortalitas, -tatis, /., immortal-

ity. immunis, -e, exempt (from). impar, -paris, unequal, unlike. impedio (4), hinder. impello, -ere, -pull, -pulsum (3),

break. impllDI&, -ae,/., outlay. imp81188, adv., fien:ely, vehemently;

C11mflar., impensius. imperator, -oris, m., commander ;

emperor. imperfectus, -a, -um, unaccom-

plished. imparito (1), rule. imperitus, -a, -um, iguorant. imperium, -i, ,.., order, authority,

dominion; sovereignty, govern­ment, power.

impero (1), order, command (with dal.).

impetro (1), obtain (request). impetus, -m, m., attack, charge ;

pushing (41. 4). impie, adv., impiously. impiger, -gra, -grum, active, ener­

getic ; adv., impigre. impingo, -ere, -pegi, -pactum (3),

strike against. impius, -a, -um, undutiful, un·

natural. impleo, -ere, -plevi, -plemm (2),

fill, fulfil. impllco (1), involve. impono, -ere, -posui, -posimm (3),

place in or on. impudem, -antis, immodost. impudicua, -a, -um, nncbaste.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

impune, adll., with impunity. in, pr6f>. with abl., in, on ; with acc.,

into, on to, to, towards, for : over (in urbam).

inaediflao (x), build on. inambulo (I), walk in. iDaugmato, adll., after taking aus­

pices. iDauguro (1), take auspices; con-

secrate, instal, inaugurate. incalesco, -are, -ui (3), grow hot. incautus, -a, -11111, off one's guard. incedo, -are, -ceasi, -c811111Dl (3),

advance; (transit.) attack, seize. incando, -ere, -di, -1111Dl (3), set on

fire, inflame. inCeDBUB, -a, -um, not registered ;

as noun, unregistered person. incaptus, -us, m., undertaking,

beginning. incemu, -a, -11111, uncertain, in­

decisive ; as yet undecided ; illegitimate (+ 2) : bewildered (7. 6).

incllte, adll., impurely. incido, -ere, -cidi, -casum (3), hap-

pen; encounter. incipio, -ere, -capi, -ceptum, begin. incHo (1), incite, stir. inclamo (1), cry, call out to. incllDo (1), make to waver (58. 4);

predispose (51. 7); make to fall back (27. II) ; transfer (27. 6, 43• 9, 47• 12) ; pass., waver (12. 3) ; intrans., incline.

inclitus, -a, -um, famous. includo, -are, -Bi, -aum (3), shut up. incoho (1), begin. incolo, -ere, -ui (3), dwell, inhabit. incolumis, -e, unhurt, unharmed ;

unimpaired, intact.

incorruptus, -a, -11111, genuine, pure, incorrupttole.

incrementum, -1, 11., addition, growth.

increpito (1), speak angrily. increpo, -are. -m. -mun (1), clash.

speak angrily : upbraid (26. 3) : rebuke (27. 8) ; taunt (47. 6).

increaco, -ere, -crevi, -cretam (3), grow.

bu:urro, -ere, -cnmi, -cumun (3), charge.

inounio, -ionis, j., incursion. incuso (1), blame, protest against. . incu\io, -ere, -cusai, -cuaaum. strike

into ; inspire. inde, adll., thence, from that paint ;

then ; in consequence of that. indmc, -icis, c., indicator. indico (1), signify, show. inclico, -ere, -ld, -ctu:m (3), pro-

claim. declare. inclic\ua, -a, -ma, not pleaded. huliges, -etis, born in the country. imlignado, -ionia, /., indignation. indigDRu, -atis, /., indignity, out-

rage. indignor (1), be indignant at,

resent. bulignus, -a, -um, unworthy ;

shamefnl. indo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), place or

put on, give to. indolaa, -is, /., natural qualities,

character, capacity. induco, -ere, -zi, -ctu:m (3), draw

over ; in &Dim.um fnducare, make up the mind. ·

fndulgentia, -ae, j., indulgence ; solicitude.

induo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), put on.

' I t

' i i "!

j I 1 ·l :1

VOCABULARY 243

induatria, -ae, /., diligence ; ax or de iml., pmposely.

indutiae, -arum, f. fJl., trace. ineo, -in-ii, (hi), -mun, enter into ;

in gratiam inire, gain favour ; in "riam (rationem), adopt a method or plan; auJfragiuminire, to begin voting.

inmnia, ... unarmed. inerl, -tis, mieless. illfandus, -a, -um, unspeakable,

abominable. infam, -fanm, c., infant. infeliciter, adll., unsuccessfully. infeU, -icls, unfruitful, barren

(26, 6} ; unsuccessful inflDIUI, -a, -um, hostile. inferior, -us, lower. infemus, -a, -11111, of the tower

world. infero, -fezre, -tali, -Jatum, bring

on. to, inm. ae inferre, go ; arma inferre, attack ; bellum inferre, flJith dal., make war on.

infemu, -a, -um, hostile, danger­ous; in danger (47. 1); infestis armis, with drawn swords.

in8dus, -a, -11111, faithless. inflmus, -a, -11111, lowest, end of ;

foot of; ax inflmo, from the humblest beginnings.

iDflt, daftrcl. vb., begins to speak. infortimium, -1, n., misfortune. infra, prtrp. fl1ilh acc., and adu., be-

low. iDpnlum, -1, 11., nature, disposi­

tion; temper (57. 7). ingam, -tis, enormous, large,

mighty. ingjpo, -ere, -genui, -genitum (3),

implant ; iDgauiiua, innate.

ingmtus, -a, -um, displeasing. ingredior, -i, -giessus, enter. inhaareo, -ere, -Bi, -B11Dl (2), be

fastened. inhibeo (2), check, pull up. inhumanus, -a, -um, inhuman. inicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, fasten

on; instil inimicua, -a, -11111, unfriendly : as

"°""·foe. iniquus, -a, -um, uneven, dis-

advantageous. initium, -i, 11., beginning ; ab

initio, from the first. iniurla, -ae, j., injury, injustice,

outrage, injurious treatment. iniUllllU, adv., without orders or

election. iniustus, -a, -um, unjust. inligo (x), bind on to. bllucesco, -ere, -:Ii (3), dawn. bllustds, -e, clear. bmo:lius, -a, -um, innocent. innubo, -are, -psi, -ptum (3), marry

into. inopia, -ae, j., want, poverty ;

lack. inops, -opia, needy, poor. inquam (da/trel. v.), say; inquit,

he said. inquietus, -a, -um, restless. imito (1), provoke. inritus, -a, -um, in vain. inrumpo, -are, -mpi, -ruptum (3),

bmst in. illlanabilia, ... incurable. inscius, -a, -um, ignorant, un­

knowing. inaecatio, -ionia,/., attack; abuse,

railing. imepultus, -a, -11111, unburied.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

insideo, -ere, -aecll, -llBllllUll (2), abide with.

insidiae, -arum,/. pl., ambush. insidior (1), lay ambush (with dal.). inaigna, -is, n., distinctive mark ;

in pl., dress, insignia. hlsignis, -e, distinctive, distin-

guished, conspicuous, known. imitua, -a, -um, innate. imam, -mis, innocent. insperatus, -a, -um, unlooked for ;

u: imperato, unexpectedly. impicio, -ere, -apai, -apectum,

examine. instigo (1), stimulate, work upon. iDBtingno, -ere, -:si, -d1un (3), in­

cite, animate. instituo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), ap­

point. institute : establish (cw­lom) : lay down ; institutum, -i, n., institution.

imto, -are, -stiti, -IRatum (l), press on, insist ; press bard upon (with dal.).

instrncte, adu., magnificently. instruo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3), draw

up, marsball : train ; form, fashion.

Dasulto (1), trample on (with dal.) ; behave insolently.

insum, -esae, -fui, am in. intactus, -a, -um, untouched, un­

hurt. integer, -gra, -grum, intact, un­

wounded, unhurt ; ae integro, afresh.

1megro (1), renew. inteDigo, -ere, -lai, -lectum (3),

understand. intendo, -ere, -ell, -tum (sum) (3),

stretch deepen (57. 8); inj>rJSS.

concentrate : mtentus, eager !fr.' (with dal.) ; intent OD, engrossed in.

inter, prep. with acc., between, among, within, amid, in the midst of ; inter aa, together.

intercalarius, -a, -um, intercalary. interclwlb, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), cut

off. interdiu, adu., by day. bderdum, adu., sometimes, from

time to time. interea, adu., meanwhile. intereo, -ire, -ii (i'ri), -itum, perish. intarflcio, -ere, -feel, -fectum, kilL interlcio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, inter-

pose ; pass., lie between : inter­vene (58. l).

interim, adll., in the meantime, meanwhile.

interimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3), destroy.

interior, -us, inner. interluceo, -ere, -:si (2), shine be­

tween. interpono, -ere, -posui, -posi\um

(3), insert. interpres, -etia, c., interpreter. interpretor (1), interpret, explain;

lay it down. interregnum, -i, n., interregnum. interru, -regil, m., interrex. interrogo (1), ask. intanaapio, -ire, -Bi, -tum (4),

fence; hide from (27. 9). intemun, -ease, -fui, be between ;

take part in : be interested in : (affen with dal.).

intervallum, -i, n., interval, lapse. internnio, -ire, -mii, -vmtum (4),

interrupt (oftm with dal.). j J

VOCABULARY 245

intestinus, .... -um, domestic, in-testine.

intimus, -a -um, inmost. intolerabilis, -e, unbearable. int.ta, j>rllj>. with acc., within. inlro (I), enter. intueor (2), gaze at, look at, behold. innltus, -a, -um, unavenged. Inuus, -i, m., Inuus (name of

Lupercus). invado, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), attack. inveho, -ere, -E,-ctum (3), canyin;

in pass., ride into al' upon al' against : (So. 3) inveigh against.

inftllio, -ire, -mii, -vmtum (4), find.

invideo, -ere, -'ricli, -visum (2), be jealous.

in'ridia, -ae, f., jealousy, unpopu-larity ; discontent, resentment.

in'riao, -ere, -i, -um (3), go to see. in'riaus, -a, -um, hated, hateful inmo (1), invite, entertain. bnitus, -a, -um, unwilling ; with

reluctauce. invoco (1), call upon, invoke. involvo, -ere, -vi, -utum (3), wrap,

cover. iocu, -i, m., joke, sport. Iovem, sea Iuppiter. iple, -a, -um, self. ira, -ae, /., anger, animosity. iraacar, -i, iratus, be angered. iratus, -a, -um, angry. is, ea, id, he, she, it ; that ; such. Jne, -a, -1U1, that (of yours) ; this. istic, adu., there ; in your case

(47. 3). ita, adu., thus, so. Dalia, -ae, j., Italy. Ilalicus, -a, -um, Italian.

ilaque, conj., and so, accordingly. item, adv., likewise. iter, itineril, n., journey, route,

passage. item (I), repeat. iterum, adu., the second time,

twice ; again. iubeo, -ere, -iusai, -iussum (:a),

order, bid ; ordain ; elect. imlicium, -i, n., trial ; court ; iwlico (1), judge; find guilty of;

pass judgment upon. iugulo (1), cut throat of; kilL iugulum, -i, 11., throat. iugum, -i, n., yoke. Iulius, -a, -um, of Julius, Julian. Iulius, -i, m., (Proculus) Iulius (a

SBtlalOI'). Iulus, -i, m., Iulus (s011 of Amaas). iummtum, -i, n., carriage-horse. imago, -ere, -xi, -chm (3), join,

unite, link ; make (a treaty or alliatra).

iuniores, -um, m. pl., juniors. Iuppiter, Io'ria, m., Jupiter. iuro (I), swear. iure, rightly, justly. ius, iuria, n., right, privilege (56. 8),

law, justice; quasi adj., lawful (2. 6).

ius iuramlum, iuria iUI&JUli, n., oath; the sworn oath (21. 1).

imsus, -us, m., only in abl., by the order, election, consent (of).

iuste, adu., justly. iustitia, -ae, f., justice. iustus, -a, -um, just, regular. i1mmalia, -e, youthful iU'ftnis, -is, young ; as nO!fn, young

man, youth. invent&, -aa, /., youth.

,

' I

I r i I

I ' I !

I i

;ii l I ! i J

LIVY, BOOK ONE

iuventus, -utls, f., youth. iuvo, -are, iuvi, iutum, help, assist. hma, adv., equally.

labor, -mis, m., labour, toil. labor, -i, lapaus (3), glide, slip. laboro (1), work; be distressed or

in difficulties. lacer, -era. -l'llDI, tom. Jacrima, -ae, j., tear. Jacus, -us, m., lake. laetus, -a, -um. glad, re101cmg,

pleased; abundant (7. 4). 1aeva, -ae. f., left hand. Iaevua, -a. -um. left. lambo, -ere, -i (3), lick. Jana, -ae, f., wool languidua. -a, -um, languid. inert.

still lapicida, -ae, m., stone-cutter. lapldeus, -a, -um, of stone. lapis, -idis, m., stone. laqueus, -i, m., noose. lar, laril, m., household god. Larantia, -ae, j., Larentia (wif• of

Faustulus). largior (4), bestow lavishly. largitio, -ionis, f., grant, distn'bu-

tion. laacivia, -ae, f., merriment, frolic. late, adv., far and wide, 8Xtensively. latao (2), lie hid, lurk. Latme, adv., in Latin ; Latina scire,

to understand Latin. Latinus, -a, -um, of Latium,

Latin ; as noun, a Latin. Latinus, -i, m., Latinus (King). Latinus, -i, m., Silvius Latinus

(Alban king). Latium, -i, n., Latium. latro, -onis, m .• robber.

Jams, -eris, n.. side, ftank. lawlo (1), praise. Laurem, -tis, Laurentine. Lamantes, -inm, m. pl., the Lau·

rentes. Laurmtinus, -a, -um, Laurentine. Jaus, laudis,f., praise, honour. Lavinia, -ae, f., Lavinia. Lavinium, -i, n., Lavinium. lecmu, -i, m., bed. legatio, -ionis, f., embassy. legatus, -i, m., am.bassadn~. envoy. legio, -ionis, /., levy. legitimus, -a, -um, lawful. Iego, -ere, Iegi, lecmm (3), send,

select, choose, elect, enrol lego (1), cnmmission, bequeath. Ienio (4,) soothe. lenis, -e, -gentle, quiet ; stagnant

<+ 4). Ieniter, adv., gently. lmte, adv., slowly. lmtus, -a, -um, slow, tedious. letum, -i, n., death. levis, --. light, easy. leviter, adv., lightly. Jevo ( l), raise. lax, legis, /., law, terms. libenter, adv., willingly. liber, -era. -um, free. libera1is, -e, liberal, generous. liberaliter, adv., generously. liberator, -oris, m., deliverer. llberl. -orum, m. pl., children. libero (1), free. h1iertaa, -tatis, f., h'berty, freedom. libido, -inis, f., desire, lust. licentia, -ae, /., license, leave. 1ioet (2), imjm's., it is allowed. lictor, -orls, m., lictor. lipeua, -a, -um, of wood.

VOCABULARY 247 lignum, -i, n •• wood. Uman. -inis, n., doorway. lingua, -ae, f., tongue. liqueo, -ere, liqui (licui) (2), be clear. Jis, litls, f., dispute, suit. liUera, -ae, f., letter. liluus, -i, m., lituus (augu,.•s staff). loco (1), place, establish, pitch. locuples, -etls, rich. locua, -i, m., place, room, position ;

pl., loca, -oram, n. pl.. parts, site.

IODge, adv., far, by far ; longe ante, far beyond.

kmgiDquus, -a, -um, protracted. lcmgi&udo, -inis, f., length. loDglll, -a, -um, long. • loquor, -i, locutus (3), speak. 1mica, -ae, /.. cuimss. Luceres, -um, m. pl., the Luceres. Lum:etia, -ae, f., Lucretia. Lucretius, -i, m., Spmius Lucretius. luctus, -us, m., grief, mourning. lucubro (1), work by lamplight. Lucumo, -oDis, m., Lucumo ( =L

Tarquinins). lucus, -i, m., grove. J.wlibrium, -i, n., mockery (7. 2) ;

joke. Judi.cram, -i, n., show, sport,

festival. huliflcor (1), make sport of. Indus, -i, "'·· game. ludoa .facere, to

hold games. lugeo, -ere, -zi, -mum (2), moum. lumaD, -inis, n., light. lmaa, -ae, f., moon. luo, -ere, lui (3), atone for, expiate. 1upa, -ae, J .• she-wolf. J,.upercalia, -um, n. pl., festival of

Lupercus.

luatralis, -e, purificatory. lustro (1), purify. Iumum, -i, n., purification (o/ city). laBUs, -us, m., play, sport. lu, -cia, J.. light. prima bu,

dawn. luuria, -ae, f., luxury, indulgence. luxurio (1), be luxuriant or indul­

gent ; run riot. Imus, -us, m., luxury. Lycaeus, -a, -um, Lycaean.

Macedonia, -ae, f., Macedonia. machina, -ae, f., engine. machinator, -oris, m., contriver,

plotter. machinor (1), contrive, plot. maculo (1), stain. Jlaesius, -a, -um, Maesian. maestitia, -ae, f., sadness. maestus, -a, -um, sad, gloomy,

sm:rowful ; griefstricken (58. 5). magis, adv., more ; rather. magiater, -Vi, m., master. magistratua,-us,m.,m.agistrate. mapiflcentia, -ae, J., splendour. mapiflcus, -a, -um, splendid. magniiudo, -inis, f., greatness, size. mapopere, adv., greatly, very

much. magnm, -a, -um, great. maiestu, -tatls,/ .• majesty. maior, -us, greater ; maior Datu,

elder. male, adv., badly. ma1edictum, -i, n., abuse. J(alltiosa (Silva), the Malitiosa

forest. :malo, maDe, malui, ~er. malum, -i, n., curse, disaster. malus, -a, -um, bad, evil.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

llamilius, -i, m., Octavius Ma.milius. mamma, -ae, /., dug. :awulatum, -i, "·· cmmnission.

order. :mamlo (1), entrust. Dl&IUIO, "'8ftl, ma.mi, Dl&U8\lll1 (2),

remain, wait ; endure. Manes, -bun, m. pl., shades or

spirits (o/ thll daparld). manifestus. -a, -um, caught red-

banded (7. 9) ; ilagrant (26. 12). manipulus, -i, m., company. Manlius, -i, m., Titus Manlius. mano (1), spread: drip. manubiae, -arum, /. pl., pri7.e-

money. manus, -us, f., band : power. Jlarcius, -i, "'·· .Ancus :Marc;ius. ·lllarcius, -i, m., Numa Maicius (a

pontiff). lllarcus, -i, m., Marcus. mare, -is, n., sea. maritus, -i, m., husband. lllarB, )lartis, m., Mani (god of war) :

aequa\o Marte, OD equal terms. Martius, -a, -um, of Mars. mater, -trls,f., mother. materia, -ae, f., opportunity :

means : cause (39. 3) : stuff (46. 6).

maternus, -a, -um, maternal, mother's.

matrimonium, -i, n., umniage; in matrimonium ducere, to marry.

maturo (1), hasten, expedite: maturatum, prompt action.

maturus, -a, -um, ripe; quickly. :muime, adv., chiefly, particularly,

especially, mainly. muimua, -a, -um, greatest, very

great ; eldest.

medium, -i, n., midst, centre, middle.

medius, -a, -um, middle, midst of. Medullia, -ae, /., 'Medullia (town}. :melior, -us, better. melius, ado., (of abovs), better. membrum, -i, n., member, limb. lll8D1ini, -isae, remember. memor, -oris, mindful, remember­

ing. memoda, -ae, f., memory : re­

collection (S. 6} ; tradition. memoro (1), record, relate. mens,mentis,f., mind, heart, atten-

tion. mensis, -is, m., month. mentio, -ionis, f., mention. mercatwi, -ua, m., market. mercel, -edia, f. pay. mereor (2), earn, deserve: merims

deserved, due ; meritum, -i, n., serVice.

mergo, -ere, -al, -llUDl (3), plunge, drown.

meridiea, -ei, f., south. meta, -ae,f., goal; position t19. 6). Jletapontum, -i, n., Metapontum. metor, (1), mark. :Me\tius FufeQus, Mettius Fufetius

(Alban diclalor). memo, -ere, -i, -tam (3), fear;

(sorndimas with dal.). me'1lll, -us, m., fEar. ID8UI, -a, -um, my. Mergentius, -i, m., :Mergentiua. mico, -are, -ui (1), :flash. migro (1), migrate. milell, -itis, m., soldier. milia, -um, n. pl., thousaDds. militaria, -e, military : res milituis,

watfare.

VOCABULARY 249

militia, -ae, f., military service: modus, -i, m., manner, way. loc., milltiae, on active service, moenia, -ium, n. pl., walls, fortifi-in war, on the field. cations.

milito (1), serve as a soldier. moles, -ill, f., power, might; effort mille, thousand. (38. 5). mina, -ae, J., threat. molior (4), sbive for, plan, devise. miDar, -acia, threatening. momo (4), soften, mitigate. minima, adv., least, not at a1L mommtum, -i, n., weight ; mo-minb:nus, -a, -um, least, smallest; mentum facere, to exert influ-

youngest. ence. minister, -tri, m., servant, agent, moneo (2), warn, advise.

tool. monitus, -ua, m., advice, coumel. mini&terimn, -i, n., office, service. mom, montis, m., mountain, hill. minor, -us, less, lesser ; younger. mon11Jll8Jlium, -i, n., monument, minus, ado., less ; less than. memorial (12. 6) ; reminder. minuo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), lessen, mora, -ae,f., delay.

diminish morbus, -i, m., illness. mirabilia, -e, astonishing. moa'lnuulus, -a, -mn, dying. miraculmn, -i, n., marvel, miracle ; morior, -i, mortuua, die.

the supernatural. moror (1), delay, linger ; nihil mirandus, -a, -mn, wonderful. morari, pay no attention to mire, ado., wonderfully. (53. lo). miror (1), wonder, admire; be mon, mortis, j., death.

surprised. mortalls, -e, mortal ; !11 Pl., men. mirus, -a, -mn, wonderful, strange. mortuua, -a, -um, dead. millceo, -ere,-ui, -stumor-xmm (2), mos, morla, m., custom, manner;

mix, ~gle. unite; confuse observance; in pl., character. (29. 2). . motus, -us, m., movement ; rising

mi&erabilia, -e, pitiable, plaintive; (59. 5, 6o. l). deplorable. moveo, -ere, movi, motum (2),

:mi&eratio, -ionia, j., pity. move, agitate, affect, rouse ; miaeria, -ae, f., misery. numen movere, exert their divine mJssiliB, -e, for throwing. power ; arma movere, begin war. mitigo (1), soften. mm, adv., soon, presently. mitis, -e, gentle, mild, merciful. mugio (4), roar, bellow ; low. mitto, -ere, misi, :missum (3), send; muliebris, -e, of a woman, a wo-

throw, hurL man's. moderahs, -a, -mn, moderate, mulier, -ill, f., woman.

temperate. muWplu, -icis, manifold, multi-modicus, -a, -um, small. plied. modo, ado., only. muWplico (1), multiply.

250 LIVY, BOOK ONE

multitudo, -inil, /., population, people, populace : band (59. 6) : multitude.

mullo (1), fine, mulct, reprove: bonia multare, topunish by con­fiscation.

mullo, adv., much. mullua, -a, -um, much : pl., many. muDia, pl., only in nom. and ""-•

duties. mmWlce, adv., generously. mmWlcus, -a, -um, generous. munimentum, -f, n., fortification. m'llllio (4), build (8. 4) : strengthen,

protect. mUDitio, -ionis, f., fortification. munua, -eris, n., duty. KUICia, title of Venus. mums, -f, m., wall mUlsito (1), mutter, grumble. mum (1), change. mutuua, -a, -um, mutual, recipro­

cated.

nam, for. namque, for. D&Dciscor, -f, D&Ctus (3), obtain, get. D&llCOI', -f, natua (3). be bom, arise,

begin (9. 3) : natua, bom. utua, -f, m., son, child. u'ris, -u, / .. ship. lllavius, -f, m., Na.vius. ne, adv., not ; conj., lest, that ••

not ; ne ••• quidem, not even. -ne, mclilie jJflrlicla to im'otluce

di,11cl quastions : in indir11cl qwstions, whether.

nee. neque, not, nor, and not, but not ; neque ••• neque, neither ••• nor.

necdum, a.nd not yet.

necBllll&l'ius, -a, -um, imperative, necessary.

neceae, only in nom. acc., ling. tl8UI., essential.

neceuitu, -tat.is, /., necessity: inevitable course (42. 2).

necne, or not. neco .(1), kill, slay. necopinatua, -a, -um, 1U1expec:ted. necto, -ere, -xai (Ji), -xum, wea.ve,

concert (s. 7.). nef&ndus, -a, -um, impious, un­

na.tural. . nefu, n., indtl&l., impiety. Defutua, -a, -um, unpropitious for

speech. negligo, -ere, -eJ:i, -ectum (3),

neglect. nego (1), refuse, deny. negotiator, -orls, m., trader. negotium, -f, n., task, work. nemo, neminem, nulliua, nembll,

nullo, no one, nobody. nepoa, -otis, m., gra.ndson. llleptunua, -i, m., Neptune. nequaquam, adu., by no means. nequiqu&m, adu., to no purpose, in

VB.in. neuter, -tra, -tram, neither of two. neutro, adv., neither way, to neither

side. DBYI "' neu, nor, and not. nes, necis, /., dee.th. ni =niaf, unless. nihil, tl8UI. indtl&l., nothing nihilo, adu., by nothing, in no wise. nimbus, -f, m., cloud. nimil, adv., too much, too. nimius, -a, -um, excessive ; Dimio,

by too much, far • niaf, unless, if not; adu., except.

VOCABULARY

DO (1), swim. nobilis, -e, well-known. famous,

noble. nobilitas, -tatis, /., high fame, dis­

tinction : advancement. nobilito (1), make famous, obtain

wide cummcy for. noctumus, -a, -um, at night. nodus, -f, m., knot. nolo, no1la, no1ui, wish not, am

unwilling, refuse. noman, -inil, n., name, reputation ;

I8llOWil (9. 3) ; people bea.Iing a na.me ; race.

Jfomentum, -i, n., Nomentum. nomino (1), nominate. mm.not. nondum. not yet. nos, we. noaco, -ere, novi, notum (3), get to

know, 1ea.m ; novi, I know. noster, -tra, -tram, our. Doha, -a, -um, known, familiar. notitia, -ae, J., acquaintance. novacula, -ae, f., razor. DOY8Dl, nine. novendialis, -e, of nine days. noverca, -ae, f., step-mother. noma., -tat.is, J., strangeness,

novelty, newness. nO'fO (l), revolutionise. DDVUB, -a, -um, new, strange ;

in supm., novissimua, last. nor, noctls, /., night. no::ra, -ae, /., guilt. Dubis, -D, f., cloud. nubo, -ere, -pd, -ptum (3), marry

(ofwoma.nmarryingama.n), (with dat.).

nudo (1), expose; uncover (of :flank) (27. 7).

s

nudus, -a, -um, naked, exposed. nullua, -a,-um,no ; as noun, no one. llluma, -ae, m., Numa Pompilius. numen, -inis, n., deity, divine

power or will. num~ (1), count, reckon. D1IDllll'WI, -f, m., number. liumicus, -f, m., Numicus (a riu11r). liumitor, -oris, m., Numitor. nunquam, adu., never. nunc, tldu., now, to this day. nuncupo (1), call, name, solemnly

declale. DUDtia, -ae,j., (ftlmllla) messenger. mmtiua, -i, m., messenger ; news,

message. nuper, adu., lately. nupti&e, -arum, f. pl., maniage. nuptialia, -e, wedding (tJS adj.). nurua, -us, J., daughter-in-law. nusquam, nowhere. nukio (4), nurse, foster.

ob, prllf>. with acc., on account of, for.

obeo, -ire, -ii (ivi), -itum. discharge, perform.

obiclo, -ere, -iecf, -iectum, throw or oppose against.

obiratua, -a, -um, angered, a.ngry at (with dat-)

oblivio, -ionia, f., oblivion ; ob· Ji'ricmi dare, to consign to ob­livion.

obli'riscor, -f, oblitus (3), with gm., forget; be careless of.

obloquor, -i, -locutus (3), interrupt. olmoJ:ius, -a, -um, slave to. obnubo, -ere, -pd, -ptum (3), veil,

cover. oborior, -iri, -ortua (4), rise, well up.

UVY, BOOK ONE

obruo, -ere, ·I, -tum (3), over-whelm.

obsCIUl'US, -a, -um, obscure. obsequium, -i, n., obedience. obsero, -ere, -sevi, -situm (3), over-

grow. observantia, -ae, /., respect. observo (1), observe, respect. obsideo, -ere, -sedi, -118BBUDl (2),

besiege, blockade. obsidio, -ionis, /., blockade. obatino (1), set firmly; o'batinatuB,

resolute, obdurate. obsto, -are, -stiti, -datum (1), stand

in way of ; counteract, tell against (ofttm with dat.).

obstrepo, -ere, -ui,-itum (3), drown. obtentua, -us, m., cover, shelter. obtineo, -ere, -ui, -tentum (2), oc-

cupy, keep, maintain, secure. obtnmco (1), cut down, kill. obverso (1), present to; in pass.,

occur to (25. 3). obviam, adv., in the way : to meet

(with ire, 11tc.). obvi1111, -a, -um, in the way ; obvius

fieri OP' esse, to meet, encounter ; obvium ae dare, to meet (ofttm with dat.).

occasio, -ionis,/., opportunity. OCC8Sllll, -us, m., west. occido, -ere, -cidi, -caanm (3), fall,

set (of sun) ; disappear, perish. occido, -ere, -cidi, -ciaum (3), kill. occipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum (3),

begin. occulo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), bide. occultua, -a, -um, secret ; a:

occulto (37. 1), secretly. occumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubitum (3),

fall prostrate "" dead.

occupo (1), occupy; with infin., take the initiative, be the first to; occupatua, occupied.

occurro, -ere, -cuni, -cunum (3), meet (wilh dat.).

ocrea, -ae, f., greave. octillgenti, -ae, -a, eight hundred. octo, eight. octoginta, eighty. oculua, -i, "'·· eye. odium, -i, fl., hatred. offero, -ferre, obmli, oblatum, offer,

vouchsafe. ofB.cio, -ere, -feci, -feclnm, eclipse

(with dat.). ofllcium, -i, n., duty ; ofllcia

civilia, offices of state. olim, adv., formerly, once. omen, -inis, n., omen. omiHo, -ere, -mild, -miaanm (3),

dismiss. omnia, ...,, all, every. ODUB, cmaria, fl., burden. onustna, -a, -um, laden. opacna, -a, -um, shady, dark. opera, -ae, /., work, aid, service :

operae en, it is worth while. operio, -in, -ui, -tum (4), cover. operor (I), be busied. opifes, -flcis, m., workman. opimua, -a, -um, rich. opinio, -ianis, f., belief. opiD.or (1) think. oportet (2), it is proper: ought. oppuior (4), wait for, bide. oppidum, -i, n., town. opportunus, -a, -um, suitable. opprimo, -ere, -preai, -prelll1Ull (3)

crush, overwhelm, suppress, hold dOWD.

[opa], opis, j. (flOI •• flOm. ""'tlal.

VOCABULARY 253

ling.), aid ; energy, remedy ; in /JI., wealth, power ; 1111JDD1& ope (56. u), with all possi'ble care.

opt;imna, -a, -um, best. opalente, ado., comjJaY., opulentina,

on a richer scale. opnlemna, -a, -um, rlch, powerful opus, operis, n., work, deed, Jabour. opna, n., indacl., need ; opna en,

there is need of (with abl.). ora, -ae, j., coast, region. oraculum, -i, n., oracle. oratio, -irm.ia, f., speech ; orationem

habere, deliver a speech. orator, -oria, m., spokesman. orbia, -is, m., circle, cycle ; revolu­

tion ; orbia ierrarum, the world. orbitaa, -tatia, /., bereavement. orbua, -a, -um, orphan, childless ;

bereft (with abl., 54- ro). ordiar, -irl,-orsna (4), begin, set out. ordo, -inis, m., order, class, tank ;

aenatmial order (49. 6) ; racial strain ; ordine, in order.

arienl, -tis, "'·· east. migo, -inia, f., origin, foundation ;

pl., early history. ozior, -iri, odns (4), arise, spring, be

bom. ozimulna, -a, -nm, sprung cw de-

acended (from). amo (x), equip. oro (r), pray, beg, plead. onum, -i. n., beginning. oa, or1a, n., month. oaculum, -i. n., kiss. oa&ando, -ere, -c1i, -sum "" tum (3),

show, point out ; declare. a8 oatendere, to appear.

ostanator, -oria, m., displayer. ostanto (r), display, point to.

Ostia, -ae, f. cw n. pr •• Ostia. otinm, -i, 11., peace, rest ; fr:ie ,,,

spare time. ovo (1), rejoice, exult.

pabulum, -i, 11., food. pacisco, -ere, -pactns (3), betroth. paciacor, -i, pactua (3), agree;

peef. parl. us11d in pass. mean­ing.

pacataa, -a, -um, at peace. paco (x), make peaceful. pactum, -i, n., bargain ; way. paene, adv., almost. paenitet; (2), it repents, discontents. pagna, -i, m., district. palaJD, adv., openly. Palatinna, -a, -um, Palatine. Palatius, ·I, m., the Palatine Hill Palatium, -i, n., the Palatine Hill

(old name Pallantium, 5. 1). Pallantenm, -i, 11., Pallanteum (in

Arcadia). pallor, -oria, m., pallor. palor (x), struggle. palwlamantum, -i, n., cloak (mili-

tary). palna, -ums, j., swamp. Pan, Panos, m., Pan. paudo, "8Ie, -di, -DSUill (-llUJD) (3),

dishevel. pango, -ere, pepigi, pactnm (3),

1ix; bargain for (u. 8). papaver, -is, m., poppy. Papblagcmia, -ae, /., Paphlagonia. par, pads, equal, a match for;

steadfast (26. 12). parco, -ere, peperci (3), with dat.,

spare. parena, -ntis, parent, father. pareo (2), with dat., obey.

LIVY, BOOK ONE pario, -ere, peperi, parlum, gain,

win. pariter, adv., equally alike. paro (1), make ready, prepare, pre­

pare for ; paratus, prepared, ready.

parricidium, -i, n., parricide, mur­der of kin.

pan, partia, j., part, direction : branch (30. 2); ab UD& parte, in one respect.

paraimonia, -ae, /., frugality. particeps, -cipis, c., partner. partus, -us, m., motherhood (3. II) :

offspring. panun, adv., too little, not enough. parvus, -a, -um, small, little. passim, adv., in different directions,

everywhere. passus, -us, m., step, pace: mil1e

passus, mile. pastor, -oris, m., shepherd. pateo (2), be open (to), be evident. pater, -tria, m., father, senator. patemus, -a, -um, of a father,

father's. patientia, -ae, /., patience. patior, -i, passus, sufier, endme,

allow. patria, -ae, /., fatherland, home ;

native city. patricius, -a, -um, patrician. patrius, -a, -um, of a father, an-

cestral. patro (1), accomplish, execute. paucitas, -tatis, / •• fewness. paUCUB, -a, -um, few, small. paulatim, adv., little by little. paulo, adv., a little. pauper, -eris, poor. paupertas, -tatis, f., poverty.

pavidus, -a, -um, alarmed. pavor, -oris, m., fear, panic,

terror. pax, pacis, j., peace. peccatum, -i, n., sin. pecco (1), sin. pectus, -oris, n., breast ; heart. pecunia, -ae,/., money. pecus, -oris, n., cattle. pedes, -itis, m., foot-soldier ; pl., "'

in sing., infantry. pedester, -ttis, -tre, on foot ; in-

fantry. peior, -111, worse. peius, adv., worse. PelopODnesus, -i, m., the ~elopon­

nese. pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsum (3), drive

back. Penates, -ium, m. pi., the Penates

(gods of tlul slur6-chambw). pendo, -ere, pependi, pemum (3),

pay. panes, Jw6'/J. with acc., in power of;

with. penitus, adv., deep, deeply. penuria, -ae, /., want, shortage. per, pr6jJ. with acc., through,

throughout ; during, by, among, over.

perago, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), com­plete, :finish, accomplish : go through (24. 9) ; recite.

peragro (1), roam. percello, -ere, -culi, -culsum (3),

dismay. percontor (r), ask. percutio. -ere, -cussi, -cussum,

strike, smite. perdo, -ere, -dh1i, -ditu.m (3),

destroy.

VOCABULARY 255

perdUC10, -ere, -dmd, -dUC1tum (3), lead or carry through.

perduelllo, -ionis, /., high treason. peregrinlia, -a, -um, foreign ; as

"°""• a foreigner. '(Mll'llDDil, -e, perennial. pereo, -ire, -ii (ivi), -itum, perish,

be lost. pererro (r), wander through. perfero, -fern, -mli, -latum, con­

vey : in pass., reach. per!cio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, :finish,

complete. perJldla, -ae, j., disloyalty. perJl.dus, -a, -um, treacherous. perfugio, -ere, -fugi, escape, 1lee. parfmulo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum (3),

bathe; paralyse (16. 6). pergo, -ere, -rm. -reomm (3). pro-

ceed, hasten. periclitor (1), prove, test. periculosus, -a, -um, dangerous. periculum, -i, "·· danger. perimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),

destroy. peritus, -a, -um, skilled : in­

structed in (with gm.). perlustro (1), traverse, examine;

ocu1is perlustrare, to survey, glance over.

perm1"o, -ere, -misi, -missmn (3). entrust.

perobscurus, -a, -um, very ob­scure.

peropportune, adv., very oppor­tunely,

perpello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum (3), drive, urge.

perperam, ado., wrongly. perpetro (r), finish ; attend to (8. 1). perpehitu, -tatis, f., perpetnity.

82

perpetuus, -a, -um, perpetual; io perpetuity.

persaepe, ado., very often. perscribo, -ere, -acripsi, -acriptum

(3), write fully. persequor, -i, -aecutus (3), pursue. peraolvo, -ere, -aohi, -solutum (3},

pay, perform. perstringo, -ere, -strimi, -strictum

(3), graze; cbill, paralyse (25. 4). persuadeo, -ere, -suasi, -suasum (2),

persuade (with dat.). perterreo (2), terrify. pertineo, -ere, -ui (2), affect, belong

to, concern. perturbo (I), agitate, alarm. pervagor (1), wander through. pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (4),

anive,reach; extend. pes, pedis, m., foot ; foot ( = 1 z

inches) (35. 9). pessimua, -a, -um, worst, fouL pestifer, -era, -erum, deadly. pestilmtia, -ae, /., pestilence. peto, -ere, -ivi (il), -itum (3). seek,

attack, make for ; beg, beseech. piacularis, -e, purificatory, pro­

pitiatory. piaculum, -i, n., atonement, ex-

piation. Ph:tor, -oris, m., Fabius Pictor. pictus, SU pingo. pie, adu., rightfully. righteously. pietaa, -tatis,/., sense of duty, piety. piget (2), impwson., dislike, regret. pigritia, -ae, /., reluctance. pila, -ae, /., column. Pila Horatia, the Horatian Colnmn. pilleus, -i, m., or n., pilleum, (felt)

cap. • pjlum, -i, n., javelin.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

PiDarii, -orum, "'· pl., the Pinarii (Roman gms).

pingo, -ere, pimi, pictum (3), paint, embroider.

Piao, -onis, m., Piso (Roman his­torian).

pius, -a, -um, dutiful, righteous, religious.

placeo (2), be pleasing, find favour with (will& dal.) ; imjJtJrson., it is decided.

placo (1), appease. planus, -a, -um, plain, level. plebs, plebis, f., plebs, commoDS. plenUB, -a, -um, full ; completed :

crowded (of gates, 14. 8). plerumque, adv., for the most part. plermque, -aque, -umque, in pl.,

the most. pluo, -ere, -i (vi) (3), imjJMsm., it

rains. plurimum, adv., most, mostly. plurim1111, -a, -um, very many. plus, plmis, more. pl1111, adv., more. poena, -ae, /., punishment. poeta, -ae, m., poet. poeticus, -a, -um, of a poet. Polilorium, -i, n., Politorium. polleo (2), be powerful. polliceor (2), promise. pomerium, -i, n., the pomerium. Pometinus, -a, -um, of Pometia. Pompilius, -i, m., Numa Pompi-

lius. pcmdo, adv., by weight. poudus, -eris, n., weight. pono, -ere, posui, positum (3),

place, pitch, put; lay or set aside.

pom, pontil, m., bridge.

pontifu, -flcis, m., priest, high priest.

populabmidus, -a, -um, bent ou raiding.

popularis, -e, of the people. popular (1), lay-waste. populus, -i, m., people, nation ;

tribe. porcus, -1, m., pig. porrigo, -ere, -rui, -rectum (3),

stretch out : porrectus, extend­ing.

porro, adv., forward, onwards. porta, -ae, f., gate. portemto, -ere, -di, -mum (3), hold

out ; mean, portend. partemum, -i, n., portent. porticus, -us,/., colonnade. porto (1), carry. posco, -ere, poposci (3), demand. poaeuio, -innis, /., rlgbt of hold-

ing. posaideo, -ere, -sedi, -sessum (2),

hold, possess. pollllUll, poue, pohi, be able, can. pOBt, adv., and prep. with acc., after,

since. pOBtea, adv., afterwards. posterus, -a, -um, after, next : in

pl., posterity. pOBtmoclum, adv., afterwards. postmoerium, the part behind the

wall postquam, conj., after, when. pommo, adv., finally. pomemus, -a, -um, last. postulatum, -1, n., demand. poatulo (1), demand. potens, poW1til, powerful : rlcb

(33. S) : sui potemi, one's own master.

VOCABULARY 257

pot.estaa, -tam,/., authority, power; opportunity.

potior, -i1111, preferable. poticr (4), gain possession of (will&

abl.). potisaimum, most of all, especially. potiaalmus, -a, -um, most suitable. Potitii, -orum, m. pl., the Potitii

(Lalin g1111S). poti1111, adv., rather. poto (I), drink. prae, prep. with abl., before ; com-

pared with : prae se fern, assert. praelieo (2), afford, offer. praeceps, -cipitil, headlong. praecipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, in-

struct. praecipue, adv., especially. praeaipuus, -a, -um, special praeco, -onis, m., herald. praecla, -ae, f., plunder, booty. praedor (I), plunder. praefeetus, -1, m., prefect. praefero, -fern, -tuli, -la'1un, put

••• before, (acc. and dal.). prae!cio, -ere, -feai, -fecm.m, place

over, appoint. praefluo, -ere, -uxi, -uxum (3), flow

by. praemitto, -ere, -misi, -miuum (3),

send on in advance. praemium, -i, n., reward. praeparo (1), get ready beforehand ;

prepare. praepoDeo (2), be very powerful praesagio (4), have presentiment

oL praeB8D8, -ntis, present, in person :

of the moment, immetliate. praeses, -idis, c., protector, guar­

dian.

praesidium, -1, tt., protection, gnard ; garrison.

praesto, adv., ready, present. praesto, -are, -stiti, -sti.tum (sta&um)

(1), excel (will& dat.). praesum, -818e, -fui, preside over

(will& dal.). praeter, prtlJI. will& acc., besides,

except ; in addition to (57. 2). praeterea, adv., besides. praetereo, -ire, -ii (ivi), -mun. go by

or past ; pass : praeteritum, past.

praeteniuam, except ; praeterquam quod, besides the fact that.

praetata, -ae, f., (toga) praetexta. praeuro, -ere, -USBI, -ustum (3),

burn at the end ; harden in the :fire.

praevaleo (2), predominate. pra't'lt, adv., improperly. pra1'UI, -a, -um, evil, improper. pl'llC&tio, -ionis, J., prayer, entreaty. precor (1), pray, entreat. premo, -ere, pressi, pressum (3),

press hard (57. 3). premo (1), solicit. pretium, -i, n., price, value. [pm], prece, /., dafecl., prayer,

entreaty. pridem, adv., long since. primo, ad11., at :first. primonllum, -i, n., very beginning. primorea, -um, m. pl., :first rank

(12. 7) : leading men. primum, adv., :first, in the :first

place ; quam primum, as soon as possible.

primus, -a, -um, :first. prlnceps, -ipis, foremost : as noun,

chief man.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

pri:ncipium, -i, ti., beginning. prior, -us, former, first; last

(58. 8). priscnu, -a, -um, old, former. prius, adv., first. priusquam, conj., before ; after

t111g., until. privatim, adv., in private ; un­

officially. privatus, -a, -um, private ; as t10Ut1,

private citizen. pro, f>rejJ. with abl., instead of, for,

before; pro carto, for certain, as certain.

Procaa (l'roca), -ae, m., Procas (Albat1 king).

procedo, -ere, -ceui, -cessum (3), advance, succeed.

procella, -ae, /., storm, squall. proceres, -um, m. pl., chieftains,

leading men. proclamo (1), proclaim. procreo (1), beget. Proculus, -i, m., Proculus. procul, adv., far, from afar. procumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubmun

(3), lie down. procurq (1), arrange. prodeo, -ire, -ii (in), -itum, come

forward. procligium, -i, t1., portent. proclitio, -iODill, /., treason, treach­

ery. proditor, -oris, m., traitor. prodo, -ere, -didi, -climm (3), band

down ; set (an uample). proelium, -i, n., battle. prafecto, adv., certainly, assur­

edly. profero, -ferre, -tun. -latum, ex­

tend.

proflciacor, -i, -fectus (3), start. set out.

profluo, -ere, -Ji, -:mm (3), :flow forward.

profugio, -ere, -fugi, -fugimm (3), fly.

profugus, -a, -um, banished, an exile.

profmulus, -a, -um, deep. progenies, -ei, /.. offspring, de­

sceodants. prognatus, -a, -um, born, de­

scended. prohibeo (2), check, binder, pre-

vent. proinde, adv., accordingly. prolabor, -i, -lapsus (3), fall forward. proles, -is,/., offspring, stock. promiace, adv., without distinction. promiacuus, -a, -um, promiscuous. promptus, -a, -um, ready, bandy ;

bold (54. 2). prope, adv., and f>rlfl· wilh actJ.,

near, almost. prope diam, adv., soon. propera, adv., hastily. propinquitaa, -tam, / .• nearness. propinquus, -a, -um, near, neigh-

bouring ; as t1oun, relative. propior, -us, nearer. propitius, -a, -um, propitious,

gracious. propius, adv., nearer. propono, -ere, -poaui, -posi\um (3),

put forth ; display. proprius, -a, -um, one's own. propter, pr.p. wilh actJ., on account

oL propulso (1), repel. prospectus, -us, m., view. prDIPllf, -a, -um, successful.

VOCABULARY 259

protraho, -ere, -trui, -traohun (3). draw forth, produce.

pnrridentia, -ae,j., foresight, provi-dence.

provoco (1), appeal provolo (1), fly or rush forward.. prm:ime, adv., very near ; quam

proxime, as near as poSS1Dle. promnus, -a, -um, nearest, last;

very near. prudentia, -ae, j., knowledge. puber (pubes), -eris, grown up,

adult ; of manhood ; puberes, adult males.

pubes, -is, f., youth (young man) ; soldiery.

publica, adv., publicly ; at the pub­lic expense; officially (26. 13).

publicum, -i, t1., state or public treasury.

publi.cus, -a, -um, public, the nation's, official ; in publlco, in public.

pudicitia, -ae, /., modesty. puaDa, -ae,j., girl. puer, -i, m., boy. puerilla, -e, of a boy, boy'L pugil. -is, m., boxer. pupa, -ae, j., :fighting, battle, com-

bat ; attack. pupo (1), :fight. pulchmudo, -inis, j., beauty. pulso (1), beat; maltreat (14. 1), pulvia, -eris, m., dust. Punicus, -a, -um, Carthaginian,

Punic. purgamentum, -i, t1., refuse. purgo (1), clear, excuse; make

apologies (22. 6). purus, -a, -um, pure, clear ;

innocent.

puto (1), think, suppose. PylaemllDlll, -ae, m., Pylaemenes. Pythagoras, -ae, m., Pythagoras. PyUdcus, -a, -um, Pytbian.

qua, adv., where, on which side. quacumque, adv., wherever. quadrageni, -ae,-a, forty each. quadraginta, forty. cpadrifariam, adv., in four parts. quadrigae, -~ j. pl., teams of

four. quadringmti, -ae, -a, four hundred. quadro (1), square; quadratus, -a,

-um, squared, hewn. quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesitum

(3), seek, ask. qualia, -e, inllirrog., of what kind ;

t'tJlativtJ, as, (of such a kind) as. quam, adv., as, then, how; how

much. quamquam, conj., although. quamns, conj., although; however. qwmdo, when? qwmdo, ever (ajltJr si, nisi, ne, num). quandoque, qwmdocumque, when-

ever. quazims, -a, -um, how great or

much ; (as great) as. quartus, -a, -um, fourth. quasi, adv., as if, as though. quattuor, four. -que, and ; -que ••• -que, both •••

and. quercus, -us,/., oak. querella, -ae, j., lamentation. queror, -i, queatus (3), complain. qui, quae, quod, t'IJl, pron., who,

which, that ; what. ' qui, quae, quod, inllirrog. adj., what;

i"'14ftn. adj., any.

26o LIVY, BOOK ONE

qui&, conj •• because. quicumque, quae-, quod-, whatever,

whoever, whatsoever. quid, adv., why, how. quidam, quaec1am. quoddam, a cer­

tain. quidem, indeed ; ne ••• quidem,

not even. quies, quietis, j., rest, quiet, re-

spite ; hush. quietua, -a, -um, quiet, at rest. quWbet, quae-, quod-, any. quin; conj., but that ; that ••• not.

without; as adv., nay, why ••• not.

QuincW, -orum, m. pl., the Quinctii. quinquaginta, fifty. quinque, five. quippe, for, for of course. Quirinalis, .... Quirinal. Quiriu.111, -i, m., Quirinus {Romu­

lus). Qumtes, -ium, m. pl., the Quirltes

{=Romans). quis, quid, who? what? qui&, quid, indtsfin., anyone, any­

thing. quimam, quaenam, quidnam, who

(/way)? quisquam, quicquam, anyone, any. quiaque, quaeque, quidque (quod­

que), each. quiaquia, quicquid (quidquid), adj ..

quodquod, whoever, whatever. quo, whither?, to which? quo, ralal. adv., whither, to which. quoacl, adv., as long as. quad, t:lltlj., because, that ; quad

Iii, but if. quondam, adv., formerly; one day;

atone time.

quouiam, conj., since. quoque, adv., also, too, even.

:Bamnes (Ramn11D8811), -ium, tll. pl., the Ramnenses Of' Ramnes.

rapina, -ae, j., robbery, plunder. rapio, -ere, -ui, -tum, seize, carry

off ; whirl ; rapta, -Ol'UDlt n. pl., plunder.

raptim, adv., hmriedly, swiftly. raro, adv., rarely, seldom. rams, -a, -um, rare. ratio, -ionis, f., method. ratia, -ill, j., raft, boat. rams, from reor. rams, -a, -um, :fixed, valid ; ratum

affl.cere, to ratify. Bea, -ae, j., Rea Silvia. rebello (x), rebel, renew war. recens, -ntia, new, recent. recenseo, -ere, -ui, -um (2), review. receptaculum, -i, n., refuge, re-

ceptacle. recipero (r), recover. recipio, -ere, -cepl, -ceptum, re­

ceive, capture (55. I); 18 recipere, betake oneself, make one's way, retorn.

recito (I), read aloud, reconcilio (x), win back : in

gratlam reconcDiare, reconcile. recte, adv., justifiably, rightly. rectus, -a, -um, straight, right, up­

right, honest (27. x) ; c1eaJ: (2+ 7).

recuao (:i:), refuse, object. reddo, -ere, -c1idi, -c1lium (3), give

back, retorn : answer (7. 7, 56. xo) ; iura redden, administer justice.

redintegro (x), renew, begin afresh.

r

VOCABULARY

recluco, ·-ere, -zi, -chm (3), lead back.

nfello, -en, -i (3), prove fa1se, refute.

nfero, -ferre, rettull, relatum, bring back, report; reJat.e (59, IO) ; nferre gradnm (r+ 8), retreat.

relcio, -ere, -feci. -fectum, refresh (7. 4l : make (of tn1n141J1).

regalil, -a, regal regia, -aa, j., palace, royal house,

court. regio, -ionis, f., district, quarter. regi111, -a, -um, royal, of a king or

prlnce ; kingly. repo (x), reign, am king. npum, -i, n:, kingdom, throne

(46. 3), sovereign power ; royal power, reign, monarchy.

rego, -en, -zi, -chm {3), rule. reJigio, -ionis, j., religious scruple,

observance, piety ; in pl., wor­ship.

relinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictum (3), leave, abandon, give up.

reliquus, -a, -um, remaining. remeclium, -i, n., remedy. Bem111, -i, m., Rmnua. renovo (r), renew. reD'lliltio (x), report. rear, reri, rams (2), think, be-

lieve. repens, -ntis, sudden, fresh. repente, adv., suddenly. repatimu, -a, -um, sadden. repeto, -ere, -hi (ii), -limn (3). seek

back Of' again ; attack again ; demand.

repono, -en, -posui, -posilum (3), place back.

reputo (I), reflect.

requiro, -ere, -quisivi, -quilllimn (3), desire to regain.

res, rei, J.. thing, affair, matter, deed, government, state : pro­perty ; res repetere, to demand restitution or satisfaction : res mllitaris, warfare : rem divinam facere, to offer sacrifice.

reaervo (1), keep back. reserve. resid11111, -a, -um, remaining over

from (+cm.). resisto, -ere, -Bti.ti (3), resist ( +cial.);

rally; &top short (48. 6). respergo, -ere, -Iii, -sum (3), be­

sprinkle. respicio, -ere, -spezi, -apectum, look

back, regard. respondeo, -ere, -di, -sum (2), reply,

answer. reapomum, -i, n., answer. reatingao, -ere, -zi, -chm (3), ex·

tinguish. restia, -is, f., rope. re&ineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), detain,

keep. retro, adrJ., back, backwards. reua, -i, m., accused person. nvaho, -ere, -val, -nctum (3),

carry (home), bring back. revereor (2), stand in awe of. revoco (1), recall. ru. regis, "'·· king. rigo (1), water. ripa, -ae, f., bank. rite, adv., duly. mus, -111, m., rite, due form ;

ritual. riu, -ae, j., fight, quarrel robar, -orla, n., stren~. toughness. rogito {I), question, ask :frequently. rogo (1), ask ; propose (17. 9).

LIVY, BOOK ONE

Boma, -ae, /., Rome. Bomau:u, -a, -um, Roman. Bomularis, -e, of Romulus. Romulus, -i, m., Romulus. Romulus, -i, Silvius, -i, m., Romu-

lus Silvius. rudimentum, -i, n., beginning, first

attempt. rwlis, -e, uncivilised, unacquainted

with (7. 8). ruiDa, -ae, f., downfall ; pl., ruin,

desolation (29. 6). B.uminalis, -e, of Rumina. rumpo, -ere, rupi, ruptum (3),

break. ruo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), rush. ruptor, -oris, m., breaker. rursus, adv., again. B.utuli, -arum, m. pl., the Rutuli.

Sabinus, -a, -um, Sabine ; as noun, a Sabine.

sacellum, -i, n., chapel. acer, -era, -crum, sacred, holy. ucerdos, -otis, c., priest, priestess. ucerdotium, -i, n., priestly office. aacrarium, -i, n., sanctuary, shrine. aacratus, -a, -um, sacred. aacrlflcium, -i, n., sacrifice. aacro (1), consecrate. aacrum, -i, n., sacred rite, sacrifice,

religious observance. saeculum, -i, n., generation, age :

pl., period, age. aaepe, adv., often. uepio, -ire, -psi, -ptum (4), enclose,

hem in. uevire in, show no mercy to. uevitia, -ae,/. cruelty. ugmen. -inis, n., tuft {of sacred

herbs).

Salii, -arum, m. pl., the Salli. aalinae, -arum, /. pl., salt pits or

pans. saltUus, -us, m., leaping. saBem. adv., at least. aaliUI, -us, m., glade. saluhris, -e, healthy, salutary. salus, -utis, f., safety. salutatio, -ionis, j., salutation. saluto ( l), salute. aalveo (2), be well. salve, adv., well. salvus, -a, -um, safe. Samius, -a, -um, of Samas. sancio, -ire, -zi, -ctum (4), ratify,

solemnise. sanet1u, -a, -um, inviolable ; sacred

(28. 9) ; binding (8. 2). sane, adv., certainly, by all means. sanguinaus, -a, -um, bloody. sanguis, -inis, m., blood. satis, adv., enough, adequately,

well enough, sufficiently, quite. samm, -i, n., stone. aceleratus, -a, -um, of crime ;

wicked. acelus, -eris, n., crime, guilt. acilicet, adv., of course. acindo, -ere, acidi, acissum (3), rend. scio (4), know. aciscitor ( l), question, ask. acisco, -ere, acivi, acitum (3), re­

solve. scitum, -i, n., decision. acn'llo, -ere, acripsi, scriptum (3),

enrol : write. acriptm; -oris, m., author, his­

torian. icmum, -i. n., shield. ae, BUi, Bibl. 1e, rajla. fmmoun, him­

self, herself, itself, themselves.

VOCABULARY

aecemo -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3), separate.

88Cl'lltua, -a, -um, separate ; in aecmum, into a private place, apart.

aecundum, pr.p. with acc., after, next to ; following on, in accord­ance with.

.secnuulus, -a, -um, second, vic-torious.

aecu:da, -ii, f., axe, hatchet. Bed, but. aedeo, -ere, sedi, aeaum (2), sit. 1edea1 -ii, f., habitation, home ;

seat. aeditio, -ionia, f., insurrection :

civil commotion. aeditiosus, -a, -um, turbulent. aedo (1), calm. aedulo, adv., busily, diligently. aeguil, -e, inactive. aegrego (1), separate; break up ;

divide. aella, -aa, /., chair. 11811181, adv., once. lemeD, -inis, n .• seed, lineage. aemper, adv., always. 1111D&tor, -oris, m., senator. aenatus, -ua, m., senate. aenectus, -mtis, / •• old age. aeneaco, -ere, aenui (3), grow old,

decay, decline. 1ena, 1eaii, m., old man ; compar.,

senior. '8Jl.liJD, adv., gradually. llllDSUI, -tll, m., feeling. perception. 18Dtentia, -ae, /., opinion : in

118Jltentiam inire, to vote in favour of a proposal.

Nlltio, -ire, -al, -sum (4), feel, per­c:eive.

aepelio, -ire, -ivi (ii), -ultum (4), bury.

aepono, -ere, -posui, -positum (3), set aside.

1eptem. seven. aeptemrjo, -ionil, m., tuUally pl.,

the north. 1eptingenteaimt11, -a, -um, seven-

hundredtli. aeptuaginta, seventy. aepulcrum, -i, n., sepulchre. aepultura, -ae, /.. burial. nquor, -i, aecutus (3), follow, attend,

pursue. aerenus, -a, -um, bright. llBrius, -a, -um. serious ; n. pl.,

aeria, business. · aermo, -onia, m., laug'uage. lerUI, -a, -um, late. aerva, -ae, f., female slave. lleni1il, -arum, m. pl., the Servilil. aervilia, -e, slave-like. senio (4), be a slave. aervitium, -i, n., slavery. senitus, -"1tis, /., servitude. Bervius, -i, m., Servius. servo (1), save, keep, observe. 1ervua, -i, m., slave. 8888=18.

aeu=ain. BU, six. si, conj., if. lh'llylla, -ae, j., the Sibylla. lie, adv., thus, so. licco (1), dry, drain. Biccus, -a, -um, dry. Sicilia, -ae, j., Sicily. Siculus, -a, -um, Sicilian. aiaut, just as. llipia, -ae, J., Signia,, aigni4co (I), signify; indicate.

264 LIVY, BOOK ONE

aignum, -i, n., standard, sign, land- 1oleo, -era, lloliiu ll1lJll (2), am mark ; ad prima ligna, in the wont, accustomed. van, thick of the fray. 1olld111, -a, -um, complete.

Bilentium, -i, n., silence. aolitudo, -inis,j., desert, wilderness. Bilu, -icia, m., flint. aolium, -i, n., throne. ailu, -ae, f., wood, forest. aollemnia, -e, yearly, customary ; Silvius, -i, m., Silvius (Alban /ri"f)• ceremonial ; solemn. aimilia, -e, like (followed by tlal. a1ul aollemne, -is, n., festival, cere-• g~.). • • • mony: custom (31. 4).

aimiliiudo, -JDJS, /., likeness, llimi- aolllcito (1), stimulate; disturb, larity. in:itate.

Bimul. adu., together, at the same BOllicmu, -a, -um, distracted. time. aolatitialia, -a, solar.

aimulatio, -ionia, f., assumed ap- 1olum, -i, 11., grouml. pearance. aolum, ad11., only.

Bimnlo (1), pretend. 1011111 -a, -um, alone. aimuliaa, -tam,/., feud. aolvo, -era, -i, 1olutum (3), loosen, Bin, conj., if however. pay; discontinue (49. 7). line, prep. wilh abl., without. aonmus, -i, m., sleep. lingnli, -ae, -a, one each; one at a aopio (4), put to asleep; aopitua,

time (25. 7) ; individual. stunned (41. 5) ; asleep (58. 2). sinister, -tra, -trum, left. aopor, -aria, m., sleep. lino, -ere, aivi, llitum (3), bury aordidua, -a, -um, low, base,

(2. 6) ; let, allow; amu, placed. mourning (10. 1). linm, -us, m., bay, gulf. aoror, -oria,/., sister. siato, -ere, &ti.ti, atatum (3), stay, aororius, -a, -um, of a sister.

check, stop. 1ors, sortia, /., lot, inheritance, aitio (4), be thirsty. share; fate, chance (56. u) ; amu, -us, m., position, situation. pl., oracle. live (nu), or if: Bive (aeu) ••• Bive sospito (1), protect.

(seu), whether ••• or. spatium, -i, n., full course, space, eocer, -eri, m., father-in-law. period, respite. aocietu, -tatiB, /., alliance, assocla- speciu, -el, /., sight : pret~xt :

tion. beauty (7. 4). socius, -a, -um, allied ; as noun, speciOIUI, -a, -um, having a good

ally. appearance, plausiole. socorditer, adu., careleas1y; com- speataculum, -i, n., spectacle, sight;

par., aocordiua, less promptly. stand {al " shout, 35. 8). aocora, -dis, senseless, careless. spectator, -mil, "'·· spectator. socrua, -us,/., mother-in-law. specto (1), watch, view; a1io sol, eolia, m., sun. spectare, to have another bear-

VOCABULARY

ing ; apectatua, tested, proved ; spectatisaimum, the decisive proof.

spec1111 -1111 m., cave. apelunca, -ae, /., cave. apemo, -ere, sprevf, spretum (3),

despise, spurn. spero (1), hope, hope for • apes, spei, f., hope : spem facere, to

inspire hope. spirit11ll, -us, m., breath ; pl., spirits. spolio (1), spoil. spolium, -i, n., spoil. BpODIUll, -i, m., betrothed. sponte, ad11., of one's own accord. atabilia, -e, :firm, permanent. atabulum, -i, 11., stall, cottage. atagnum, -i, 11., pool atatlm. adu., immeruately. sWivus, -a, -um, stationary ;

caatra atatiTa, permanent camp. Stator, Statoria, m., the Stayer. ata\ua, -ae, /., statue. steluo, -ere. -i, -tum (3). set,

determine, assign. status, -111, m., state. 8'emo, -ere, B\ravi, B\ratum (3),

overthrow, breach (29. 2). atimuJo (I), stimulate, UJ'g8 OD,

provoke, goad. sti.pendium, -i, n., stipend, pay ;

sti.pamlia mereri, to serve cam-

paigns. • &ti.po (1), throng: atipatua, attended

{by). etirps (Btirpis), -is, f., family, breed,

stock ; offspring, issue. ato, -an, eteti, atatum (1), stand,

stand secure (29. 6). atragaa; -is, f., slaughter. etrenuus, -a, -um, active.

atrepitua, -us, m., noise, din. atringo, -era, -mi, -ctum (3), draw,

unsheathe. etruo, -ere, -:Ii, -ctum (3), draw up,

array. mulao (2), be eager, desire anxi­

ously. shullum, -i, n., eagerness, desire :

pl., learning (18. 2). mutitia, -ae,/.,folly; idiocy (56. 8). atupeo (2), be amazed, stunned. atupro (1), debauch. stuprum, -i, n., defilement. mb, prep. with ac&. and abl., under :

of tima, wilh ac&., just before, at. mbeo, -ire, -ivi (ii), -itnm, go up:

draw off to (28. 5). aubicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, put

under ; make subject ; suggest (sg. JI).

aubigo, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), com-pel

aubito, ad11., suddenly. llUbitua, -a, -um, sudden. aubllca, -ae, f., pile. aublicius, -a,· -um, resting on piles. aubllmis, -e, on high, aloft. aubmergo, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3),

drown. aubmitto, -era, -misi, -misaum (3),

let down, lower. aubeido, -ere, -eedi, -sllBIUDl (3), &it

down, lie. aubaisto, -ere, -etiti (3), stand :firm ;

encounter, face. mbeum, -eBBe, remain. aucoedo, -era, -ceesi, -c911BUJ1l (3),

retreat : succeed (48. 8). IUDC9llllUll, -us, m., advance. Sueua, -ae, PometiA, -ae, /., Suessa

Pometia.

266 LIVY, BOOK ONE

inllfragium, -i, fl., vote, voting, snfirage : baira ll1llf:ragium, begin voting.

nm, esae. fui, am, exist. l1UllJD&, -ae. f., sum : 11U1UD&

rarum. administration. 1111111DUS, -a, -um, top of, greatest,

supreme: mmma rarum. the most important undertakings (36. 6).

nmo. -ere. nmpsi, nmptmn (3), take, gain, undertake.

aumptua, -us, m., expense. auopte, -apte =no, aua. suontamilia, -um, n. pl., sacrifice

of pig, sheep, and bull super, adv., and prljJ. with acc., and

ahl., above, over, on. superbe, adv., haughtily. superbia, -ae, f. pride. auperbus, -a, -um, proud ; over­

bearing (So. 3). superior, -us, high, upper : for.

mer. supame, adv., from above, down­

wards. supero (1), cross, swpass. superpono, -ere, -posui, -positum

(3), place upon ( +tlal.). supemu, -mm. smviving. superstitio, -ionis, j., superstition. superaum, --. -fui, remain, sur-

vive ; be excessive. auppedito (1), suffice (55. 7). supplementmn, -i, n., accretion of

numbers. aupplex, -icis, suppliant. suppllcium, -i, fl., punishment. supra, adv., and fJrljJ. wilh acc.,

above, beyond. uprucando (3), climb over, pass.

BUScipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, un­dertake, adopt ; recognise as such (20. 7).

8118p8Ddo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), hang : SUBp8DIUll, anxious, in suspense (25. 2) : outspread (3+ 8).

snspicio. -ere, -spai. -spedum, look up to : suspectua, suspected.

smtineo, -ere, -tinui, -tentmn (2), support, hold firm : withstand (41. 4).

BUUS, -a, •um, his, her, their (own). nuspte, tJmphalic fonn of BUUB.

T.=Titus. tabema, -ae, f. shop. tabula, -ae, f., (writing) tablet. taceo (2), am silent; conceal

(56. II). tacitus, -a, -um, silent. taedet (2), itnptJrs., be wearied. taedium, -i, fl., weariness, loath-

ing. Talaaius, -i, m., Talassius. taiemum. -i, n., a talent. talis, -e, such. tam, so. tanum. nevertheless, however, yet. tamquam. as if. Tauaquil,-Dis,f.,Tanaquil. tandem. adv., at length. tango, -ere, tetigj, tactmn (3).

touch ; strike (S. 6). tantisper adv., meanwhile. tantus, -a, -um, so great. tantum,

adv., so much, only. Tarpeius, -i, m., Taipeius (Spurlus). 'larpeiua, -a, -um, Tarpeian. 'larquinia. -ae. f., Tarquinia. Tarquinli, -orum, m. pl., Tarquinii. 'l'arquinlus, -a, -um, of Tarquinii.

VOCABULARY

'farquinina. -1, m., Tarquinius ; (1) Lucius Tarquinius Priscus. (2) Lucius Tarqninius Superbus, (3) .Arruns Tarquinius, (4) Sextus Tarquinius, (S) Titus Tarquinius, (6) Tarquinius Coulatinus.

Tatius, -i, m., ntua Tatius. tectum, -1, ,.., house, building. tego, -ere, tal, tectum (3), cover :

protect (53. 8). tegumen, -inis, ti., covering. tegumentmn, -i, n., covering. Tellena, -arum, n. pl., Tellena

(Lalin city). telum, -i, n., weapon. temere, adv., without good reason

°'design. tameritaa. -tam. f., recklessness. tempera (1), regulate, discipline;

." spare (with tlal. , 29. 6}h tempeatas, -tam, f., season, time,

period ; storm. templum, -i, t1., temple. temp&o (1), attempt, prove. tempua, -aria, ti., time. tendo, -ere, tetamli, tenaum (3),

direct one's conrse. tenebrae, -arum, f. pl., darkness. teneo, -ere, tenui, tentmn (2), hold,

keep ; sail (1. 4), prevail (<J. 6). tennis, -e, thin, BCallty. teigum, -i, ... back, terga nrtere,

:flee. terminus, -i, ... boundary. Terminus, -i, m., Terminus. temi, -ae, -a, three each or apiece. taro, -ere, tmi, mtmn (3), wear.

waste : spend (of limtJ). tern, -ae. f., land, ground : in

terris, on earth.

terrestria, -e, of the earth. tenibilis, .... terrible. terror, -oris, m., terror, danger

(2. 3) : ad terrorem, to intimi­date.

tenius, -a, -um, third. testamemum, -i, ti., will. testia, -is, c •• witness. tenor (1), call to witness; make a

will (3+ 3). tetdcus, -a, -um, austere. 'l'iberinus, -a, -um, Tiberlnua. 'fiberis, -is, m., the Tiber. tigillum, -i, n., little beam. timeo (2), fear. timor, -oris, m.. fear. Titiamses, -ium, m., Titienses. Titus, -i, Tatius, -i, m., Titus Tatius. toga, -ae, f., toga. tollo, -ere, suatuli, 8l1blatum (3).

raise ; recover (32. 3) ; remove. tonitrus, -us, m., thunder. torpeo (2), be torpid, paralysed. tot, so many. totidem, just so many. totiem, so often. totus, -a, -um, whole, entire. trabea, -ae, f., robe of state. trado, -ere, -c1idi, -clif!um (3), hand

down or over, record. traduco, -ere, -dmi, -ductmn (3),

transfer. tragicnu, -a, -um, fit for tragedy,

tragic. tnho, -ere, trazi, tractmn (3), draw;

claim(7. 1), attract (30. 7). traicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, cross. traiec:tna, -us, m., crossing. tranquillus, -a, -um, calm, serene. transeo. -ire, -ii (ivi), -Hum, caoss :

desert (27. 5).

268 LIVY, BOOK ONE

trausfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, transfer, shift.

tramflgo, -ere, -1l:l:i. -hum (3), transfix, pierce.

transfugio, -ere, -fugi, -fugitum, ftee over to, desert.

transigo, -ere, -egi, -acmun (3), transact.

tramilio (4), leap over. tramitio, -icmil, f., desertion. trammitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),

send °" throw across. traDnemla, -a, -um. in flank. &recenti, -ae, -a, three hundred. trepidatio, -ion.is, f., alarm. trepido (1), be excited, waver. trepidus, -a, -um. agitated : alarm-

ing (48. 1); alarmed (6o. 1). ves, ma, trium, three. tribunus, -i, m., tn"bune. mbua, -us J., a tn"be. tnlnltum, -i, n., tax, tn"bute. triceDi, -ae, -a, thirty each. tricesimus, -a, -um, thirtieth. TricipWnus, -i, m., Tricipitinus. higeminus, -a, -um. triplet ; triple

(of spoils). triginta, thirty. mpudium. -i, n., dance. tristis, -e, sad, gloomy. mumpho (1), celebrate (11 lriumph). Troia, -ae,j., Troy. Troi&Il.us, -a, -um, Trojan : as

noun, Trojan. trucido (I), kill cruelly. tu, ta, tui, tibi, ta, thou. mbicen, -cinis, m., trumpeter. Tul1ia, -ae, J .. Tullia. Tu11ii, -orom, the Tullii. Tullius, -i, Bemus, -i, m.. Servius

Tullius.

Tullus, -i, m., Tullus Hostilius. tum, adu., then, on that occasion :

cum ••• tum, not only ••• but also, both • • • and.

tumultuarius, -a, -um, hastily levied.

tumulmose, adv., in °" with con­fusion : supiwl., with as much noise (as possiblts) (40. 5).

tumultuosus, -a, -um, noisy. tumultus, -us, m., uproar, rush,

tumult (29. 2), stampede, con-fusion (59. 6).

mnc, adv •• then. tunica, -ae, J .• tunic. mrba, -ae, J .• crowd, mob. mrbidus, -a, -um. stormy. turbo (1), disturb, throw into con-

fusion, violate. mrma, -ae, J.: squadron. Tum.us, -i, m., Tumus. Tusci, -mum, m. pl., Etruscans. 'fusculanus, -a, -um, of Tusculum. mteia, -ae, f., preservation, regency

(3. I). mtor (1), secure, keep. mtor, -aria, m., guardian. mm., -a, -um, safe. mus, -a, -um, your. tJramius, -i, m., tyrant, despot.

ubertaa, -tatis, f., productiveness. ubi, adv., where? ytilal. adv., in

which, where ; conj., when. ublcumqua, adv., wheresoever. ulciscor, -i, ultus (3), take revenge. Ulises, -is, m., Ulysses (Odys-

seus). ullus, -a, -um, any, ultimua, -a, -um, last, decisive

(15. 3), final; distant (29. 4) ;

VOCABULARY a6g

ad ultimuzn. at last (3<J. 5, 53• IO,

5+ 2). aBor, -oria, m., aV11Dger, revenger. uBra, prep. wilh aa;., and adv., be­

yond ; longer. ullro, adv., actually, of one's own

accmd. umems, -i, m., shoulder. umquam, adv., ever. unde, adv., whence ; nlal. adv.,

whence, from where : from this cause (31. 5).

undacim, eleven. undlque, from OJ' on every side. mdcus, -a, -um, unique. universm, -a, -um, whole, all

together. unua, -a, -um, one ; ad unum, to a

man. urblmna, -a, -um, belonging to OJ' of

the city. Urblus, -a, -um. (of) Urbius. urba, -Js,J., city. 1111J:1WDt adv., anywhere. UlllJ1181 adv., right on : uqua ad,

right up to, as far as, down to. UIUl'pO (I), exercise. Ullll, -us, m., employment (56. 3),

need. m, conj., as, when; (in order) that,

ao that. ytilal. adv., as, how. IU qui, as one who.

mcumque, however. utemilia, -ium, n. /Jl., utensils. IUar, utra, utrum, which of the two :

pl., which of two parties, sides OJ'

lots. IUarqua, -traque, -trumque, each OJ'

both (of two), both: in pl., each of two sides °" lots.

ati=ld.

utilia,-e,useful,expedient. utilitas, -ta.tis, f., advantage. utiqua, anyhow, certainly. utor, -i, UIUI (3), use, find (by

experlence) (9. 15) with abl. utrimqua, adv., on either side, from

°" by both sides. utroqua, adv., to both places. wi:or, -oria, f., wife.

vacuus, -a, -um, empty. vado, -era (3), go. vadum, -i, n., shallow, ford. vagRus, -us, "'·· crying, wailing. vagua, -a, -um, unsettled. valao (2), be strong, have inftuence,

prevail. Valerius, -i, m., (1) Marcus Valerius,

(2) Publius Valerius. validus, -a, -um. strong, power·

fu1. vallis, -is, J., valley. vanua, -a, -um, empty (8. 5), U!le­

less, untrue; weak (27. 1): groundless ; ineffectual (10. 4).

vario (1), vary: impwson., there is a difference of opinion.

vane, adv., variously. varlus, -a, -um, different : deinda

varlus, diverging from that point. vaa, n.sia, n., vessel: emblems,

badge (2+ 5). vaatatio, -ion.is, f., devastation. vaato (1), lay waste. vutua, -a, -um, vast. vates, -is, c., prophet, soothsayer. -ve, mdilic conj., or. '98hicu1um, -i, "·· carriage. veho, -ere, val, vactum. (3), carry. Vaiau, -mis, of V8ii: VeillDtes,

-ium, m. pl., men of Veil.

LIVY, BOOK ONE

val, either ; val ••• val, either ••• or.

'91llamen, -inla, 11., covering, band. Tela (1). veil, cover, bind round. velut, as if ; as it were. 1'8Der&bilis, -e, revered. 1'11Der&bundm, -a, -um, full of awe. VllJleror (1). worship; do honour to

(S. 2). Vaneti, -orum, m. pl., the Veneti. Tania, -ae, f., pardon. VBDio, -ire, Yeui, venium (.t), come. va.or (1), hunt. venter, -tria, m., belly ; 1'8Dtrem

fern, be with child. 1'8Dtus, -i, m., wind. Venus, -eris,/., Venus. verbena, -ae, f. sprig. Yel'ber, -eris, m., lash, blow. verbero (1), ftog. ftrbum, -i, 11., word. vere, adv., truly. Y8l'8C1lDdia, -ae, /., respect. "nridicm, -a, -um, truthful. Yel'O, adv., indeed, really. ftl'llO (I), turn, occupy. versus. prap. with acc., towards. Yerto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), turn;

V8l'llWI, facing; devoted (21. 2). Yerllll, -a, -um, true, genuine.

verum, 11. 6g. "' 11. pl., Tera, truth.

YerUtum, -i, 11., dart, javelin. nscor, -i (3), feed on. Vesta, -ae, /., Vesta. Vestalis, -e, Vestal, of Vesta; a.s

tlOll11, a Vestal virgin. vaster, -\ra, -tram, your. nstibulum, -i, 11., vestt"bule. nstigium, -i, ... footprint, trace. Y8Btia, -ill, j., clothing, robe, dress.

veteranus, -a, -um, veteran. veto, -are, -ui, -itum (1), forbid. vetm, -eris, of long standing,

ancient, old. ntustu, -tatis, /., lapse of time. vatustua, -a, -um, ancient, old. Tia, -ae,j., road, way ; means. Yicem, -is, -e, pl., -es, -ibus, office ;

in Yicem. in turn. Yicesimus, -a, -um, twentieth. Yicinus, -a, -um, neighbouring;

near. Yictima, -ae, f., victim. victoria, -ae, /., victory. 'rictar, -aria, conqueror, victorious. vicm, -icis, /ma. of Yillklr. vicus, -i, m., street. video, -ere, villi, Tisam, see ; pan.,

seem, seem good. Yidua, -ae, f., widow. Yidum, -a, -um, widowed. viginti, twenty. vigor, -aria, m., vigour. V"uninalis, -e, Vuninal. Yincio, -ire, -mi, -nctum (4), bind. Yinco, -ere, vici, Yictum (3), defeat,

outdo, overcome, be victorious. '9'inculum, -i, 11., chain, bind ; cord. vindico (1), h"bera.te; protect (+

3). Yinum, -i, ""· wine. viola.tu&, -a, -um, violent. Yiolo (I). violate. Yir, 'riri, m., man, hero ; husband. Yirginitu, -tatis, / •• virginity. Yirgo, -inis, f., virgin, maiden. virgultum, -i, n., bush ; pl., brush-

wood, thicket. 'rirlliB. -e, manly ; atirpis 'Viiilis

male issue, son. 'riritim, adv., individually.

VOCABULARY

virtus, -utis,f., worth (7. 14). merit, good quality, virtue; valour (1. 5).

Yia, Yim, vi, pl., Yins, f. pl., fon:e, quantity ; violence (attack) ; Yi et armis, by force of arms ; in pl., strength.

Yiao, -ere (3), view. Yiaus, -us, m., apparition (56. 5),

phenomenon. ma, -ae. f .. life. vitium, -i, "·· fault, vice. Tito (1), avoid. vivo, -ere, ..m, Yicmm (3), live. Yivua, -a, -um, alive, living. m, 4da., hardly, scarcely. TOCiferor (1),shout,ra.iseone's voice. 1'000 (1), call, summon. Voleslus, -i, m., Volesius, father of

Pablius Valerius (58. 6). volgo, adu., commonly, generally. YOlito (1), fiy (quickly). volo, valla, volui, wish, be willing;

TOleDS, gracioUI, willing.

Yolo (I), fty. Volsci, -orum, m. pl., the Volsci. voluntarius, -i, m., volunteer. Yoluntas, -tatis, j., will. wish,

desire ; opinion (28. 8). voluptas, -tatis, f., pleasure. Yolvo, -ere, -Yi, -utum (3), turn over

(o/ pag11). VOS, pl., you. votum, -i, n., vow. YOVl!O, -ere, -vi, -tum (2), vow. YOX, YOcis,j., voice, cry; pl., words,

expressions. Vulcanus, -i, m., Vulcan. valgo (1), make common (ro. 7) ;

prostitute (4. 7) ; vulgatus, com­mon.

Tulgo, adv •• =YOlgo. "flllgus, -i, n., common people, the

commons. Yulnero (1), wound. Tulnus, -eris, n., wound. Tulmr, -mis, m., vulture.

l'llDITJUI DI GJlllAT BRITADI BY RDlllDlT JIACUUIDSR AHD CO, LTJI.

ftlll 1JJIJV]lll!llTY P211SS, GLASGOW