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The Water Supply & Sanitation Situation in Rural BangladeshThe case of the villages selected for the 2002-2003 WatSan programme of NGO Forum

Prepared byResearch, Monitoring & Evaluation Cell

M

LIBRARY IRCPO Box 93190, 2509 AD THE HAGUE

Te!.: +31 70 30 689 80Fax: +31 70 35 899 64

BARCODE: j library

+31 70 30 689 60+31 70 35 899 64

NGO ForumFor Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation

First published March 2002© NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or translated in any means without priorpermission in writing from the publisher

Cover Design: Rakibul Hasan TalukdarCover page Photography: Saiful Alam Khan

Top Photograph : Survey through interview method in progress in Jessore districtBelow Photograph : Survey through PRA method in progress in Chittagong district

Graphics: WaresulHaque

Printing Supervision: Development Communication CellResearch, Monitoring & Evaluation Cell

Published by: NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation4/6, Block-E, Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207, BangladeshE-mail: nqof@banqla.net,Internet: http//www.ngo-forum.net

Printed by : S. N. Printers22, Central road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205

Study Supervisedby

S.M.A. RashidMahmudur Rahman Chowdhury

Azahar Ali PramanikAvizit Reaz Quazi

Study Tools preparedby

Mahmudur Rahman ChowdhurySaiful Alam KhanAvizit Reaz Quazi

Data Entryby

BaharulAlamMs. Ummul Banim

Data Digitalisation Software preparedby

Ms. Shameem Akter Jahan Wrina

Data Analysisby

Mahmudur Rahman ChowdhuryMs. Shameem Akter Jahan Wrina

Avizit Reaz Quazi

Report preparedby

Avizit Reaz QuaziM.Phil., Ph.D.

Foreword

NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation has dedicated itself to ensure the basic needs of safepotable water, sound sanitation practice and maintenance of personal hygiene for the distressed humanity.

Partnership & Networking Approach is the functioning mode of NGO Forum's program. It works as the non-government apex coordinating and service delivery agency of local, national & international NGOs, CBOs(Community Based Organisation) and private sector actors who implement safe water supply andenvironmental sanitation programme at the community level in Bangladesh. Currently NGO Forum works in acountrywide decentralised mechanism through around 600 partner NGOs and private sector actors with totalmanpower strengths of more than 38,000 workers. NGO Forum has divided its entire working area into 14regions.

Since the year 2000 NGO Forum under Community Managed WatSan program has been following VillageCoverage Concept to improve the WatSan status of the rural poor within a period of two years. It has selected280 underserved/unserved villages from 58 districts of Bangladesh to ensure 100% WatSan coverage withinthe period of 2002-2003 under the Community Managed WatSan programme.

However, before NGO Forum's intervention, Research Monitoring and Evaluation Cell (RME) conducted abaseline study in these selected villages in the first week of March 2002 to apprehend existing WatSansituation to comprehend directions for programme intervention with the assistance of Field Operation. Iappreciate the role of RME Cell in conducting the study and preparation of report. The findings of this studywould be useful for monitoring the changes and impacts in these villages due to NGO Forum's WatSanintervention for next two years.

I am sure that this study report would be also useful for other organisations who are working in thedevelopmental sector of Bangladesh as it provides socio-economic, demographic information along with thepresent water & sanitation status of 58 districts of Bangladesh.

S.M.A. RashidExecutive DirectorNGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation

Acknowledgement

For the completion of this report we are indebted to many. We are grateful to Mr. S.M.A. Rashid who not onlysupervised the study but also provided guidance, advice and moral support to prepare the report.

We wish to thank Mr Ahazar Ali Pramanik, Saiful Islam Khan and Mr. Maksudur Rahman for their supports in reportpreparation.

We also thank Ms Shameem Akhter Jahan for assisting in processing and analysing raw data. We want to thank Mr.Baharul Alam and Mr. Ummul Banim who had initiated the whole report preparation process through shouldering thedata entry responsibility.

We also wish to thank Ms Amena Israt Jahan for editing grammatical errors. We also want to acknowledge Mr. XavierSku, Ms Jinat, Ms Farah Naz for providing literature on WatSan sector, which had helped us to prepare the report.

We also offer our gratitude to Ms Rehana Akhter, Mr Rakibul Hasan Talukdar and Mr Waresul Haque for their help indesign the cover page and assisting the report printing process.

Last but not the least many thanks to Regional colleagues and PNGO staff who had carried out the field survey.

Avizit Reaz QuaziM.Phil., Ph.D.

Mahmudur Rahman Chowdhury

Table of ContentsPage No.

List of Tables & Figures — ,.——— — _ /L/&I Ul /nn/fcyiiflll/ira*""""""""" "•"• • • • • • •""• • • •" " i f

Location Map of the Surveyed Area ///Executive Summary IVIntroduction: 1-6

Background 1Study Objective(s) 2Study Methods - 3Survey Area and location 3Data Collection Methods & process 4Status of Respondents 5Limitation & Constrains and steps taken to overcome 5Data Compilation and Analysis — 6

Findings 7-28

Section: A: General Information 7-9

Total Households & Population— 7Yearly income & Principal Earning Source 7

WatSan Knowledge 8

WatSan Status (Diarrhoea Incidence) 9 ;;

Section: B: Access to Safe Water Supply & Water related habits-—— 10-19 '•

Water Supply hardware status (Total number of TW/pump/plants,) 11

Distance between kitchen and nearest TW/pump/plant 14Available (perceive) Safe and unsafe water point 14Arsenic affected villages and water points 14Safe functional point: 16 •:;Drinking habit & practices 17Safe Water use for most of the domestic purpose other than drinking 18Section: C: The Issue of Environmental Sanitation 20-28

Latrine Hardware Status 20Reasons for not having hygienic latrine 22Access to Village Sanitation Centre 22Defecation Sites 23Place for Disposing faeces of under five children 24Hand wash before meal 26Hand wash after defecation 26Hand wash after cleaning the bottom of Children 27Disposal of domestic waste 27

Conclusion 29-30 jAppendices -—

List of Tables & FiguresPa

ListofTable(s)

Table: A.1 Number of Households and people covered by the survey 7Table: A.2 Yearly income and principal earning source 8Table: A.3 Educational Background —- 8Table: A.4 Village having secular educational institutions — 8Table: A.5 WatSan knowledge - 9Table: A.6 Incidence of Diarrhoea 9

Table: B. 1 Water supply Hardware Status 12Table: B.2 Technology wise collection source 13Table: B.3.1 Water supply Hardware Status (TW/pump) 13Table: B.3.2 Water supply Hardware Status (Plant) 14Table: B.4 Distance between kitchen and nearest TW/pump/plant 14Table: B.5.1 Village information regarding water difficulty issue 15Table: B.5.2 Information regarding water points in respect of Water difficulties 15Table: B.6 Drinking Water sources 17Table: B.7 Drinking Water Related habits: The issue of Purification 18Table: B.8 Safe water used for most of the domestic purposes other than drinking 19

Table: C.1 Latrine Hardware Status • — 21Table: C.2 Information regarding the Village Sanitation Centre 23Table: C.3 The status of the surveyed Villages in respect of Mason 23Table: C.4 Defecation site 24Table: C.5 Distance between House & Latrine 25Table: C.6.1 Hand washing before meal --- 26Table: C.6.2 Hand washing after defecation —- 26Table: C.6.3 Hand washing after cleaning the bottom of the children 27

List of Figure(s)

Figure: Status of the respondents 5Figure: B. 1,1 Technology-wise ownership pattern 12Figure: B.1.2 Ownership pattern in respect of overall TW/pump/plant 12Figure: B.2 Geo-hydrological Region-wise Percentage of improper platform 16Figure: B.3 Households keep drinking Water pot cleaned and covered 18Figure: C.1 Latrine (Pit/Pour-Flush/Septic) Ownership pattern 22Figure: C.2 Reason for not having latrine other than completely open & hanging type latrine 22Figure: C.3 Disposal of faeces of under five children 24Figure: C.4 Faeces noticed in the courtyard 25Figure: C.5 Households Keep Ash/Soap/Water near latrine 27Figure: C.6 Disposal of domestic waste 27

List of Abbreviation

CBO Community Based OrganizationGHA Geo-Hydrological AreaHH HouseholdHSA Hilly & Stony AreaLWTA Low Water Table AreaNGOF NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply and

SanitationNGO Non-Government OrganizationPNGO Partner Non-Government OrganizationRME Research Monitoring and Evaluation CellSWTA Shallow Water Table AreaTSA Total Surveyed AreaTW Tubewell ;VSC Village Sanitation CenterWatSan Water and SanitationWHO World Health Organization

• 1 :

l

II

BANGLADESH

Surveyed Thana

ThanaDistrict

H

A

Executive Summary

Since the year 2000 NGO Forum under Community Managed Watsan program has been following Village CoverageConcept to improve the WatSan status of the rural poor within a period of two years. It has selected 280 underserved/unserved villages from 58 districts of Bangladesh to ensure 100% WatSan coverage within the period of 2002-2003under the community managed WatSan program.

However, before the intervention, a baseline survey was conducted in these selected villages in the first week ofJanuary 2002 to apprehend existing WatSan situation to comprehend directions for program intervention. Nevertheless,following sample survey method the survey was conducted only in one village from each of the 58 districts. PRA andconversational interview methods were adopted to elicit information about WatSan hardware status and hygienepractices respectively. Observation was also made in few selected variables to overcome the limitations of PRA &conversational interview methods.

According to survey findings, the total number of household residing in the program-selected portion of 58 villages is17710 and the population is 96467. Moreover, apart from cultivation (37%), the highest percentage of households(29%) depends on the earning primarily coming from day labour. However, this percentage goes up to 40 % ifRickshaw, Van, & pushcart pulling, boat rowing and car driving are included. The primary earning source of the rest ofthe households is fishing related activity (3%), business (9%), working as household servant (1%) and Service (7%).

The principal earning sources (professions) implicate the poor economic status of the majority of households residing inthe survey area. According to survey 14.4 % households earn less than US $ 174 per annum, 22.7 % earn betweenUS$ 174 to 260, 17.2% earn between US $ 260-347, 17.6 % earn US$ 347 to 434. The rest 28.0% households earnmore than US$ 434. It implicates 54.3% households earn even less than one US dollar in a day.

The educational background of the people living in the surveyed area is as disappointing as the economic situation.23.9% of the population above 5 years of age are illiterate and 29.6 % only can write their name. People educatedbeyond class ten comprise only 6.1 %. Among them 3.4% have SSC/equivalent degree, 1.7 % studied up to HSC/equivalent, 0.8% have graduation and only 0.2% have post graduation level of education.

In spite of educational backwardness, the survey findings exhibit that the majority of respondents (65.3%) know thatconsuming surface water without any filtration and existence of improper sanitation are mainly responsible for diarrhoealdiseases. Nonetheless, findings regarding the diarrhoeal incidences indicate that knowledge on the reasons responsiblefor diarrhoea could not bring awareness about the same. The survey was conducted in the first week of March whendiarrhoeal occurrence remains relatively low in number. Still, 22.1% households experienced diarrhoeal incidence and3.8 % population above 5 years of age and 17.1% of under five children had faced diarrhoeal attacks with in a monthpreceding the day of survey conduction. This implies the existence of poor WatSan situation,

Nevertheless, the hardware status of water supply technology presents a better situation in the selected villages if thenumber of total TW/pump/plants is considered. The total number of TW/pump/plants found in the surveyed area is5064. 97.4 % of this falls in the suction mode category pumps which includes Number 6 TW (92.7%), Deep TW (2.1%), Conversion pump (1.7%) and locally made TW (0.9 %). The rest are force mode pump (deep-set fara-1.6%),plants (0.69%) and traditional well (0.3%). The locally made TW includes Darkol, mini-tubwell, and basherkol. However,one of the most noticeable findings is that one of the villages named Rajapuroi Bagerhat district situated in the coastalarea does not have even a single TW/pump/plants.

However, existence of considerable number of water points does not mean that every household has TW/pump/plantwithin their courtyard. In the entire-survey area nearly 26.6 % households have to cross more than 100 feet to getaccess to a TW/pump/plant. In the coastal and hilly & stony areas 46.5 % and 52.6% households do not haveTW/pump/plant within 100 feet respectively. Moreover, many Households residing in the coastal area, hilly & stonyarea, LWTA and SWTA cross 9000, 1200, 2000, and 2000 feet to get access to TW/pump/plants' water respectively.

However, a considerable percentage of households (62.2%) have access to TW/pump/plant within 50 feet. In thecoastal and hilly & stony area 42.8% and 40.7% households have access to TW/pump/plant within 100 feet respectivelywhile in the LWTA and SWTA, 66.5% and 70.9% households have access within 50 feet respectively.

The access to TW/pump/plant does not ensure access to safe water. TW/pump water may have arsenic, iron, salineand other mineral & chemical contamination. However, the findings show that people are not much aware about mineralcontamination of water available from TW/pumps. Majority (64.2%) respondents do not have any idea about the arseniccontamination. The findings regarding arsenic test of TW/pumps' water implicitly reveals the impact of thisunawareness. Survey findings show that water of 100% TW/pump has been tested for arsenic contamination only in7 % villages and not even a single water point is tested for arsenic contamination in 53% villages. It further shows thatin 7 % villages all tested-TW/pumps' water has unacceptable level of arsenic contamination while in 5.3% villages alltested TW/pumps' water is found to be safe.

However if focus is shifted from village to water point then findings show that water of only 23% TW/pumps had beentested for arsenic contamination and water of 49% tested TW/pumps has unacceptable level of arsenic contamination.The highest percentage of tested TW/pumps (80%) is found as unsafe in the coastal area while lowest percentagetested TW/pumps (21%) is found as unsafe point in the Hilly & Stony area. In the LWTA and SWTA, water of 33 % and54% tested TW/pumps are found having unacceptable level of arsenic contamination respectively.

Apart from arsenic contamination, iron contamination of water available from TW/pump also has to be taken care of inensuring safe water supply for the rural people. The Survey findings show that only in 25% villages 100% TW/pumpplant is reportedly free from unacceptable level of iron contamination. In respect of water point (TW/pump), water from25% TW/pump have unacceptable level of iron contamination. The highest percentage of iron contaminated waterpoints are located in the coastal area (46%) and the lowest percentage of iron contaminated TW/pump is situated in theSWTA. In the LWTA and Hilly & Stony area 25 % and 21% TW/pump plants reportedly having unacceptable level ofiron contamination respectively.

Besides iron and arsenic contamination, presence of high salinity is another important difficulty, which must beconsidered to assess the access to safe water supply. As per survey in the 50% villages of coastal area presence ofhigh salinity in the water of TW/pump are reported. However, it does not mean that all the water points in these villageshave high salinity problem. According to survey only 8% water points (TW/pump) are reportedly have salinity problem.All the water points situated in SWTA, LWTA & hilly & stony areas are reportedly free from high salinity.

Hence access to safe water supply cannot be ensured only through ensuring access to TW/pump but it has to be madesure that water available from TW/pump is free from high salinity, and unacceptable level of iron and arseniccontamination.

Survey findings shows that 6 1 % of the total functional water point that does not include Basherkol, Darkol & traditionalwell is free from high salinity, and unacceptable level of arsenic and iron contamination. Hence it can be said that 61%TW/Pump among the total available TW/pumps are safe functional points. However, geo-hydrological region wise,36%, 43%, 67% and 62 % functional water point is safe in the Coastal area, hilly & stony area, LWTA & SWTArespectively. However, not even a single functional safe point is available in the, Mahmud Kanda, Shreenathdi, Rajapur& Betagram villages located in the Coastal area.

The findings also implicates that in an average for 83, 54, 24 & 29 persons, a single functional safe water point isavailable in the Coastal area, hilly & stony area, LWTA & SWTA respectively. However, in the Gabrakhali village ofLWTA and Sheikh Hati village of SWTA for 1867 & 1616 persons a single functional point is available. In contrast, asingle functional safe water point is available for less than ten persons in Barunagaon village of SWTA, Barokona &Ragunathpur village of LWTA.

However, this situation cannot be accredited as real because all these water points, which were not tested for arseniccontamination, were identified as safe. Moreover, the presence of other minerals, except arsenic, iron and salt, are not

considered here. In addition, the bacterial issue has also been not taken care of. There is every possibility of bacterialcontamination of water available from TW/pump/plant. The survey shows that 50% households collect water from awater point, (TW/pump/plant) from which distance of latrine is less than 33 feet. In respect to bacterial contamination theminimum safe distance between latrine and water point is 33 feet. So survey findings does not present informationabout the average number of persons for single confirmed safe points but about the perceived safe points.

The presence of appropriate number of safe functional water points does not ensure the use of safe water. However, ifpeople are conscious about the necessity of using safe water they even cross long distance to get access to water thatthey perceive safe. The survey findings show that 81.4% households drink water collected from TW/pump/plant, whichare perceived to be safe and 13.3% from TW/pump/plants that are not safe. It means in the whole survey area 94.7%households drink water collected from TW/pump/plants. The rest of the households collect water from the traditionalwell/ponds (4.4%), river/canal (0.7%) and other sources (0.1%).

In the coastal area, 89.2% households drink TW/pump/plants' water but due to the absence of any TW/pump/plant inthe village 100% households of Rajapur village of Bagerhat district collect water from a sweet water pond. In the hilly &stony, and Low water Table area 96.7% and 95.6% households drink TW/pump/plant's water. However, it is the SWTAwhere the highest percentage of households (97%) drink water, collected from TW/pump/plants.

It is a very encouraging situation that even though the residents of the survey area are lagging behind in respect toeducation but a commendable percentage of households use TW/pump/plants' water. This shows the success ofawareness program carried out for decades by various government and non-government organisations. The successstory of awareness program regarding the use of water from TW/pump/plants become more revealing if one notices thedistance people are crossing to get access to TW/pump/plants. Survey shows that people even cross up to 9000 feet tocollect water from TW/pump/plants and nearly 11.8 % households cross more than 300 feet distance. However, thesame findings implicate the level of problem one is going to face to aware the people that even water available fromTW/pump is not always safe.

In contrast to drinking water habit, only 31.6%, 44.0%, 44.5% and 58.8 % households use water collected from safewater source for the purposes like gargling and mouth washing (during bathing, face washing, Uzu etc.), washing rawfood/vegetable and utensil, and for cooking respectively. This reflects the areas where awareness program has to bedirected.

The findings about the present sanitation situation of the selected villages reveal our nation's imbalanced WatSan effort& success. The survey explicitly implicates that rural people's access to safe sanitation is much lesser than the accessto TW/pump/plant.

During the survey two types of pour-flush (water sealed ring slab latrine & offset latrine) and one type of septic tanksystem latrine besides pit, open and hanging latrines were found in the entire survey area. All these six types of latrinetechnology are seen in all of the four hydrogeological areas. However, only the pour-flush type latrine popularly knownas wafer sealed ring slab latrine was found in the 100% surveyed villages. Nevertheless all water-seal Ring-Slabcategory latrine no longer can be called as hygienic latrine because 32% of them did not have proper water seal at thetime of survey. For 17710 Households only 2462 sanitary latrines are available. The number of hygienic latrines will beless than 2000 if the condition of the water seal is taken care of.

The survey findings further imply that only 4591 households (25.9%) have latrine, which include latrines that can beconsidered as hygienic (septic/water seal/ off set) or not completely unhygienic (pit). It means 12758 households (72%)do not have any types of hygienic/ semi-hygienic (pit) latrine and 361 households (2%)do not have independenthygienic/ semi-hygienic (pit) latrine but shared ones. During survey it was found that 54.8% of them are not able to usehygienic latrine due to financial constraints and 10.3 % due to lack of place. However, it was found that 63 % does notuse due to lack of awareness. (Total percentage is more than 100 because the question had multiple answers)

VI

Like the hardware situation, the findings about the use of hygienic latrine by the members of the households present adepressing scenario. According to the survey male members of 13.0%, 13.5% and 36.7% households of the entiresurvey area use hygienic latrine, pit and open/hanging latrine, respectively. The rest 36.7% households' male memberspractice open defecation. Whereas the male members of the highest percentage households (14.2%) use hygieniclatrine in the LWTA area, the lowest percentage households (10%) use it in the hilly & stony area. In the coastal andSWTA area male members of 13.7% & 11.7 % households use hygienic type latrine respectively.

The pattern of female defecation site is nearly the same as male. Females of 13.3%, 14.0% & 39.1% households usehygienic, pit and open/hanging latrine respectively. The rest 33.7% households' females practice open defecation, geo-hydrological region wise female member of 13.7%, 10%, 16.6% & 11.8% households use hygienic latrine in the coastal,hilly & stony, LWTA and SWTA respectively.

When the adults do not practice the use of hygienic latrine the better behavior cannot be expected from under fivechildren. The survey findings show that under five children of 6.2% households use hygienic latrine and 2.3% use pitlatrine. Among the rest 91.5% households 4.3 % use open/hanging latrine and 87.2% defecate in the openplace/courtyard/bush/other places. In the hilly & stony area majority of under five children of 92.7% households practiceopen defecation and in the coastal, LWTA & SWTA area 84.9%, 89.4% & 85.6% households' under five childrenpractice open defecation.

Only improving the hardware situation and ensuring the use of hygienic latrine do not eliminate the danger of impropersanitation related diseases. If one wants to reduce the rate of water & sanitation related diseases considerably,ensuring hygienic practice like proper hand washing, safe management of domestic waste and maintenance of hygienicenvironment is very much necessary.

The washing of both hands with soap before meal, after defecation and after cleaning the bottom of children can ensurethe decline of faecal-oral disease. However, the survey findings show that the present hand washing habit of the entiresurvey area is far behind than the needed one.

According to survey, members of 94.8 % households wash hand before taking meal. However, only 1.1 percenthouseholds' members wash both the hands with soap. However, the highest percentage of households' (87.7%)members washes one hand only with water. The members of the rest 2.0 % households wash one hand with soap. Thehand washing patterns of all the four geo-hydrological areas are nearly same. The members of 0.5%, 3,3%, 1.9 % and0.5% households wash both hands with soap in the coastal, hilly & stony, LWTA & SWTA respectively.

Washing of both hands with soap after defecation is very essential to avoid human excreta related diseases. The surveyfindings provide very depressing scenario. In the entire survey area nearly 5% households' do not practice separatehand washing after defecation and only 2.8 % practice both hand washing with soap after defecation. The highestpercentage of households (43.3%) practices the washing of one hand with only water. However, members of aconsiderable percentage (39%) of households washes one hand with ash/soil.

In many culture the excreta of young children are considered safe and are not treated with the same hygienic concernas the excreta of adult. This is totally wrong. Nevertheless, the survey findings shows that people of the surveyed areatreats the excreta of the children in the same way as they treat adults' one. Survey findings show that only 3.8%households practice washing of both hands after cleaning the bottom of the child while 6.6% wash one hand with soap.The majority of the households (55.4%) only wash one hand with only water. However, nearly 28% households'members wash one hand with ash/soil after cleaning the bottom of children.

The safe management of human excreta and related hygienic practice cannot ensure environmental sanitation if safemanagement of domestic waste along with industrial and other types of waste is not ensured. However, the surveyfindings reveal the unawareness of rural people in respect to disposal of domestic waste. According to survey majorityof household (53.5%) throw their domestic waste into any places and 10,2% households throw into water bodies. Only36.4% households dispose the domestic waste into fixed place/hole.

VII

The baseline survey of the selected villages shows that NGO Forum has to give relatively more emphasis on sanitationaspect. Sanitation intervention must show urgency on hygiene behavior than hardware intervention. In respect tointervention in the water sector, the test of water quality of all available functional water points, particularly shallow oneshas to be given more preference. Water related awareness program must emphasize on the danger of consumingarsenic contaminated water and the importance of using safe water for cooking, gurgling, washing raw food etc. Aboveail awareness program must be directed to initiate community level WatSan movement.

:•.,:.:?:»

VIII

Introduction

Access to safe and affordable supply of drinking water is universally recognised as a basic human need for the presentgeneration and a pre-condition for the development and care for the next. However, every year, millions of world'spoorest people die from preventable diseases caused by inadequate water supply and sanitation services. At any onetime around half of all people in developing countries suffers from one or more of the six main diseases associated withinadequate water supply and sanitation: diarrhoea, ascaris, dracunculiasis, hookwarm, schistosomiasis, and trachoma,1

Children and women are the main victims of inadequate water supply and sanitation.

Children are primarily vulnerable to preventable diseases, whichresults from lack of sanitation. Over three million children dieevery year from diarrhoeal disease and dehydration, and overhalf experience more than fifteen attacks of serious diarrhoeabefore the age of five. 2 In the year 2000, 16.7% under fivechildren have suffered from diarrhoea in Bangladesh.3

Besides Children, Women are the main sufferers of inadequatewater supply and sanitation as they ensure the water availabilityat home for domestic household needs, and manageenvironmental hygiene and sanitary services at the household.

Fetching and carrying water is part of daily routine for millions ofwomen around the world and they must endure the indignity,shame, and sickness as they carry water containers longdistances every day.4 Water container typically holds about 20litres of water and weights 20 kilograms. Carrying such a heavyweight on the head, back, or hip has severe health implicationsfor women, who commonly experience backache and joint pains.In extreme cases, curvature of the spine and pelvic deformitiesresults, creating complications in pregnancy and childbirth.5

With regard to sanitation, women often have different privacyrequirements from men. For example, in densely populatedsettlements without adequate sanitation, they are required to usepublic spaces in the cover of darkness in the early morning andlate evening, and can suffer health problems related to urineretention as a result.6

NGO ForumFor Drinking Water Supply & SanitationSince emergence in 1982 NGO Forum has,dedicated itself to ensure safe potable water%sound sanitation practice and maintenance of\personal hygiene for the distressed people ofBangladesh.

Partnership & Networking Approach is thefunctioning mode of NGO Forums program. It-works as the non-government apex coordinating^and service delivery agency of local, national <£gjinternational NGOs, CBOs (Community Basecif^Organisation) and private sector actors whd%implements safe water supply and]environmental sanitation programmes at thecommunity level in Bangladesh. Currently NGOForum works in a country-wide decentralisedmechanism through around 600 partner NGOs.iand private sector actors with a total manpower!strengths of more than 38,000 workers. NGCmForum's has divided its entire working area intci$14 regions. -|

The vision of NGO Forum is Improved Public?Health. Hence its mission is to contribute in theiimprovement of the public health status of thetjpoor and disadvantaged women, children and'men of Bangladesh.

NGO-Forum is an adaptive learning^organisation. Initially to fulfil its task follows),supply-driven approach but now it emphasizes'^on demand-responsive and community-,managed and shared services. Moreover itfbelieves in an integrated program in the form otintegration of Hardware (material) and Software,(training, Awareness program etc.) support.

The inadequate water and sanitation apart from health problem is also responsible for the aggravation of poverty of thepeople. The sickness increases the medical bill, decreases productivity of the person and eats up productive hours.Family also loses productive hours when family members have to collect water from long distances. All these ultimatelyput strains on the financial situation of a family and aggravate poverty.

1 DFID, "guidance manual on water supply and sanitation programmes,"'WELL, 1998, London, p-5.2 Ibid, p-7.3 UNICEF, "ProgotirPathey:2000,", Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics & UNICEF, Dhaka, 2000, p-654 DFID, opcit p-1.5 Ibid, p-45.8 ibid.

NGO Forum For Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (NGO Forum), an apex body of non-government organisationsworking in the WatSan sector, realising the importance of the need of adequate and safe water supply and sanitation inimproving the primary public health and abating poverty of the people of Bangladesh has confined operation only withinthe development sector of drinking water supply and sanitation. \NG0.Forum>s viUage 5 e / e c f i o n Criteria

• Village is located in the operational area ofpartner organization of NGO-Forum.

• At least 300 households inhabit in the villageand majority people are relatively poor.

• With regard to big village, a portion of thevillage will be selected for WatSan program

• In respect of WatSan situation the villageis an under/low coverage one,

• At present in the village no othergovernment & non-government organizationis working there on WatSan Sector.

••• In the village, maximum 25% householdshave hygienic latrine.

• Inhabitants of the village have lowWatSan awareness

• In the village tubewell water hasunacceptable level of Arsenic/ Ironcontamination or the village water is affectedby the intrusion of salinity or the village is,facing severe problem in: accessing theiground water due to lowering off-underground water or due to the existence ofstony and hard underground layer.

Being realistic, NGO Forum under the concept of "Communitymanaged WatSan program" has been following the strategy ofensuring 100% WatSan coverage with in a period of two years inlimited number of villages selected from each district ofBangladesh.7 For the sustainability of the WatSan achievement inthe selected villages even after phase out, village-communitiesare motivated and empowered to take a lead in the process toensure proper 'ownership of the intervention'. NGO Forumadopted 'selected village WatSan coverage approach', with thebelieve that WatSan achievement in selected village will initiatethe process of replication in the neighbouring locality.

In the first phase of " Community-managed WatSan Program"NGO Forum worked in 240 villages for two years during theperiod January 2000- December 2001. External Researchers,Shahid Hossian Talukder, Rahat Uddin Ahmed & M. A. Momindescribed the impact of NGO Forum's Community-managedWatSan Program in these 240 villages, in the following words:

The achievement of WatSan initiative of the NGO Forum in terms of Social mobilisation for creating impacts on the level ofawareness, knowledge, practices and habits of people with regard to WatSan are outstanding. Within a short span of time, NGOForum with its limited resources has been able to mobilise a large network of partners for launching WatSan as a social movement.In the process, not only the capacity of the PNGOs has been developed but also the community capacity to implement and managethe WatSan software and hardware has been developed to a large extent. PNGOs have learned and acquired organisationalmanagement competencies and are capable to plan and manage not only WatSan intervention but also poverty alleviation activities.WatSan is a visible program in the intervention areas and the community people consider WatSan as Step 1 in their struggle forchange to attain better quality life".6

NGO-Forum for the second phase of "Community-managed WatSan Program" has selected 280 villages from 58districts out of its 59 working area districts.9 Before intervention, NGO-Forum had conducted a survey to document thevarious aspects of WatSan situation of these selected villages. The baseline data acquired from the survey isdocumented and analysed in the present report.

Objective(s) of the Study:

• To have an idea about the status of water supplying sources and sanitation situation of the selectedvillages,

• To apprehend the status and pattern of WatSan habits and practices and WatSan awareness level of thepeople residing the selected villages,

• To apprehend directions for WatSan intervention in these selected villages.

7 NGO-Forum operates in the 59 districts among the 64 of Bangladesh. NGO-Forum does not work in Barguna, Patuakhali, Ragamati, Bandarban& Khagrachari district because other Danida components are there.

8 Shahid Hossian Talukder, Rahat Uddin Ahmed & M. A Momin, "Impact Study on Behavioural Changes Towards WatSan Practices," NGOForum, 2002, Dhaka

9 Chandpur district is left out from the programme phase as NGO-Forum's does not get capable and interested local partner NGO through which itcan implements Community-managed WatSan program in the district based on partnership approach.

Study method:

Sample survey method was followed to conduct the study. Survey was carried out in all of the 280 selected villages butin 58 villages to document the patterns of WatSan situation in 280 selected villages.10 These 58 villages were selectedthrough selecting one village randomly from each administrative district where NGO Forum is going to intervene duringJanuary 2002-2003 period under the 'Community Managed WatSan program'. Selection of one village from each districtensures representation of all the four geo-hydological regions as well as arsenic, iron, & saline problem prone areas.Thus these 58 villages not merely 58 individual villages but sample villages of all those villages that are situated in thesame geo-hydrological & water-difficulty areas. Therefore study findings of these villages not only reflects the patternsof WatSan situation in these 58 villages only but also the all other unserved and underserved villages situated in thesame geo-hydrological areas,

Survey period, Survey area and Location

The field survey was conducted in 58 villages of 58 districts of Bangladesh in the first week of January 2002. Thesevillages represent not only the 4 geo-hydrological regions of Bangladesh but also water-difficulty areas whereunacceptable level of Iron and Arsenic contaminated water is available from tube-wells. The locations of these 58villages are given in the following table.

Location of the Surveyed villagesGeo-

HydrologicalRegion

Coastal Area

Hilly & StonyTable Area

Low Table Area

Sample Village

West Tetulia

West Charsamaiya

Suktagoan

Mahmudkanda

Salam Nagar

Char Rohita

CharJabbar

Rajapur

Shreenathdi

Dakkhin Goaldi

Rajapur

Betaqram

Khalilnagar

Razar Bil Noyapara

Monoharpur

Bamonpara

Kadoya

Gongaprosad

Baratara

Hashimpur

Horinadi

Bekashahara Gararon

Charpara

Komorpur

Subdia

Mazhqram

Raghunathpur

Rahayla

Gabrakhali

Hatkundolee

Gaglajani

MohGsh Chandrapur

Union

Gabindapur

Charsamiya

Suktagoan

Matibhanga

7 No. Mato Bhuiya

4 no Char rohita

16 no. CharJabbar

Ramsheel

Kandua

Tulasar

Dhansagar

Maguraghona

Khalilnaqar

Fashiakhali

Sharifpur

Namuza

Tilokpur

Potazia

Baratara

Hashimpur

Sahilpur

Bormi

Jinardi

Majbari

Padmabila

Shilaidah

Amihupi

Koylag

Gazirvita

Kaliara Gobragati

Kalampur

Kolom

Thana/Upazila

Mehendiqonj

Sadar

Razapur

Nazirpur

Dagan Bhuiyan

Sadar

Sudharam

Kotalipara

Sadar

Sadar

Shorankhola

Dumuria

Tala

Chokoria

Kulaura

Sadar

Sadar

Shahjadpur

Khetlal

Chandanish

Sadar

Sreepur

Polash

Pangsa

Sadar

Kumarkhali

Sadar

Bazitpur

Haluaghat

Sadar

Nalitabari

Singra

District

Barisal

Bhola

Jhalokati

Pirojpur

Feni

Laxmipur

Noakhali

Gopalgonj

Madaripur

Shariatpur

Bagerhat

Khulna

Satkhira

Cox's Bazar

Moulvibazar

BograNaogaon

Sirajgonj

Joypurhat

Chittagong

B. Baria

Gazipur

Norshingdi

Rajbari

Chuadanga

Kushtia

Meherpur

Kishoregonj

Mymensingh

Netrokona

Sherpur

Natore

Total H/H ofselectedportion

321300270293254323325309300280324300288298304276276290280336265324312275278270310310381257385325

No. of Sampled H/Hfor conversational

interview

3230272925323331302832302930302828292834273231282827313138263933

A portion of the table in the next page

10 In the first week of April survey was conducted in the rest 222 villages to prepare NGO-Forum region wise reports only for the use of concerned

regional office and staff. These reports will not have much text but mostly tables.

Geo-Hydrological

Reqion

Shallow Table

Area

Sample Village

Dhumihayatpur

Kharerbari

Radhakantapur

Shatrumardon

Barkona

Dopakhali

Borkoit

DGonai

Baroikhali

Pukhuria

Narashundapur

Monsurabad

Atlia

Achintanagar

Bara Khari

Sheikh Hati

Matharpara

Chakir PasharPathak

North Battrish

Hazari

Kazipara

Shibu

Shadekpur

Borchalia

Kazipara

Borunagaon

Shahbajpur

Union

RanihatiNimpara

Dogachhi

Paschim Pagla

Khanpur

Dopakhali

Borkoit

Sanora

Baroikhali

Baliakhora

Kashipur

North Chand

Ganganandapur

Padmakor

7 no Moqhi

Sheikh Hati

Guridaha

Chakir Pashar

Chandrapur

Shoulmari

Kurshamari

5 No.Shadekpur

BiroshreeDhakkamara

Salandor

Shahbajpur

Thana/Upazila

ChapainawabganjCharqhat

Sadar

Sadar

Birampur

Modhupur

Chandina

Dhamrai

Sreenagar

Ghior

Sadar

Sadar

Jikorgacha

Sadar

Sadar

Narail

Saghata

Rajarhat

Kaligonj

Jaldhaka

Kawnia

Chunamghat

JokigonjSadar

Sadar

Sadar

District

NowabgonjRajshahi

Pabna

Sunamgonj

Dinajpur

Tanqail

Comilla

Dhaka

Munshigonj

Manikgonj

Narayangonj

Faridpur

Jessore

Jhanaidah

MaguraNarail

Gaibandha

Kurigram

Lalmonirhat

Nilphamari

Rangpur

Hobigonj

Sylhet

Panchagorh

Thakurgaon

Jamalpur

Total H/H ofselected portion

307268300312

290311325340340315357320315285269321340300

321

325329261283285325327

No. of Sampled H/Hfor conversational

interview

31273031

2931323434323632323327323430

32

33332628293333

TiB

Survey conduction/ data collection Methods and process:

During field survey in the 58 sample villages, Social, Resource and Hazard mapping techniques of Participatory RapidAppraisal (PRA) and conversational interview methods were applied to collect necessary data. Whereas conversationalinterview method was followed primarily to apprehend information regarding WaiSan habits, practices and awarenesslevel of the people, PRA method was adopted essentially to have an idea about the water supplying and Sanitationrelated hardware status. 15-20 villagers were the participants of PRA and 10% sample households of thevillage/selected portion of the village were respondents for conversational interview. Besides, PRA and conversationalinterview methods observational method was also adopted to get an idea about the actual hygienic status maintainedby the community households. During 10% sample households survey through questionnaire, interviewer also observedthe hygienic status of the sample households with the help of the observational part of the questionnaire,

Data collection tools:

A semi-structured checklist for PRA method and a structured questionnaire for conversational interview were used fordata collection. For observing the hygienic status of the sample households the observational part of the questionnairewas used. To ensure the effectively, tools were pre-tested and finalised before launching of the actual survey.

Major variables of the survey

Village, households and household-member category were the ultimate units of survey. Numerous variables wereused to gather qualitative & quantitative information regarding these units. The major variables of the survey were:

• Total population & households• Water supplying technologies (TW/pump/plant)• The water-quality of TW/pump/plants• Category wise Latrine coverage• Hand washing practices• Incidence of diarrhoea

Economic status of the HouseholdCollection sources &Ownership pattern of TW/pump/plantWater sources for domestic purposePlace of defecationWaste disposal places

Selection of PRA participants and interview respondents:

In the villages, the people of Bangladesh generally live in scattered way in small clusters. At the time of selection ofparticipants for PRA session this cluster characteristic of rural Bangla was kept in mind. At least one participant fromeach cluster of the village was selected. The size of the PRA participant varied between 15-20 based on the totalnumber of households resides in the selected portion of the village. Moreover, among the total participants for eachPRA session gender balance was maintained. Furthermore, to achieve study objectives, especial attention was givento select those people who generally have better knowledge about the village. Therefore, besides ensuring selectionof at least one union council member and a teacher, Gram Samity members of locally active NGOs were preferred asparticipants.

In respect of selecting respondent-households for conversational interview, 10% households were selected throughusing systematic random sampling from the total households of the village. Moreover, interval of 10 households wasmaintained between each consecutive sample households. During interview conduction housewife and young familymembers were preferred as respondent to ensure better information.

Particular's of the inter view respondents (findings)Among the total respondents 67.2% are female and the rest are male. In respect of household-membership itegory, thv'ihighest number of respondents belongs to Housewife category (50%.) The rest are Household-Head categon i.i.7%) and|Other-member category (15.6%). The educational background of the respondents is not very attractive < )nly 7.6%%responds have studied beyond 10 standard.

Educational Background

Post Graduation 0.4%

Illiterate 24.7% —

Graduation/Equivelarit 1.2%H.S.C./Equivelant 2%

S.S.C/Equivelant 3.9%6th to 10thstanderd 16%

so40

30

20

10

O

Household Membership Category

50.7%

33.8%

Up to 5th standard 17.1%

15.5%

Household Housewife OthersHead

Limitation & Constrains, and steps taken to overcome:

Methods used during survey have some limitations but these methods were adopted due to lack of manpower, andfinancial and time constrains.

The problem with interview method is that respondents are generally cautious in giving real information. Theyperceive the possibility of misuse of information that can affect the interest and image of the family. There alwaysexist the possibility of hiding the real situation by the respondents. Due to this reason, observation method is the bestmethod for any survey that particularly deals with the socio-economic aspect, & habit and practices level of thepeople. However, this method could not been applied for this present study as it demands lengthy survey period,

huge finance and involvement of large number of man power which is not possible under the present situation of theorganisation. Hence the interview method was applied for data collection.

Nevertheless, it was ensured that the data collectors during interview conduction also make some observation onsome variables included in the questionnaire to overcome some of the limitation of the method. Moreover,experienced persons who know how to win the faith of the respondent and have practical WatSan knowledge wereinvolved in data collection. Moreover they were given extensive orientation including field practice to ensure clarityabout the variables used in the questionnaire and enhance skill in interview conduction. In addition, as a co-datacollector a person who is very much acquainted with the survey area and people was involved in the process toapprehend the real WatSan situation of the sample-households. Thus, in each village two persons, one as main datacollector (main interview) and another as co-data collector (co-interview) were involved in data collection thoughconversational interview method. All the main data collectors were staff of NGO Forum and were assisted by the fieldstaff of partner organisation as co-data collectors.

Like the interview method, PRA method also has some limitation. The success of PRA method and techniquedepends upon the knowledge level of participants, active participation of the participants and on good facilitation ofthe session. Therefore steps were taken to ensure the success of PRA method. As a first step, PRA session wasarranged only after the completion of data collection from sample households through interview method. This hadhelped to select appropriate participants. During the two days of interview period, data collectors meet variouspeople, which had helped them to select just participants. Moreover, PNGO staff who has good ideas about thevillage people also had assisted the selection process.

In respect of facilitation, the quality was ensured by ensuing facilitation by the staffs of NGO-Froum. NGO-Forum'sstaffs not only have enough experience in facilitating PRA session but also received orientation, just before thecommencement of the survey, specifically on the conduction of this PRA session. In addition, the data collectorsduring the conduction of interviews had moved around the village and acquired general idea of the village that helpedthe data collector to facilitate the session in right direction. Moreover, facilitator also received assistance from thePNGO field staffs having good knowledge about the concerned villages.

Data compilation and analysis:

RME cell personnel of NGO-Forum were involved in data compilation and analysis. Data were compiled by using dataentry software that was developed with the help of Visual Fox Pro. After compilation, data were edited and analysedwith the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science).

The findings of the study are discussed in the next successive sections. However, the major findings are alsodiscussed in the preceding Executive Summary section of the Report. In the main part of the report, findings primarilyare discussed geo-hydrological area wise, however, village wise information is incorporated in the appendix section.

6

Section: AGeneral Information

(Introducing the Surveyed Area)

Bangladesh has a low-income economy. The estimated per capita income was only US$ 386 in 20001 and the annualGDP growth rate was 4.5% in 2001.2 As a result poverty is the prime socio-economic phenomenon of the people of thecountry.3 A considerable number of people are deprived of basic needs like adequate food, clothing, shelter, education,health facilities, safe and adequate water and sanitation etc. The findings of the present study also reflect this povertyphenomenon of Bangladesh though these surveyed villages are in privilege situation in the sense that local NGOs areactive in the area.4

Household's yearly income:(Estimated)

Survey findings show that majorityof Households earn even less thanper capita income.

14.4 % Households earn less thanUS $ 174 per annum, 22.7 % earnbetween US$ 174 to 260, 17.2%earn between US $ 260-347, 17.6% earn US$ 347 to 434. The rest28.0 percentage households earnmore than US$ 434. ( see Table:A.2)

Number of Household and people covered by the survey;The total number of household residing in the surveyed 58 villages is 40426 andthe population is 20,6482, However, the total number of household living in theNGOForum's WatSan program selected portion of these villages is only 17710and the estimated population is only 96,467 (for details see table A: 1). Theaverage size of the household residing in the selected portion is 5,4 persons and8875 (50,1 %) households have under five children.

Table: A

-Geo-

hydrologicalarea

:$6astaiSrea : •:;:::

Hilly & Stony area

Low Table area

Shallow Table area

Total (58 villages)

:1; Number of Household and people covered by the survey

The Entire Village

Totalhousehold

15571

865

14067

9923

40426

Totalpopulati

on

69945

5667

76258

54612

206482

WatSan Selected Portion of the Village

PopulationMale

9121

1406

17472

14827

42826

Female

8300

1608

15991

14482

40381

<5Children

2921

505

5696

4138

13260

Total

20342

3519

39159

33447

96467

HouseholdTotalhousehold

3887

602

6938

6283

17710

Having -

* 5 :•/.:;

Children

: 206S

213

3362

3232 :

8 8 7 5 , •

Principal Earning sources:

The patterns of the principal earning source of the households residing in the surveyed area reveals the major reasonfor the low-income background of the majority people of the survey area. 37% Households' principal earning come fromagricultural activity and the land owning pattern of the country shows that only tiny number of family have sufficientagricultural land that can provide adequate earning.5 Apart from cultivation the highest number of households (29%)depends on the earning primarily comes from day labour. If Rickshaw, Van, & pushcart pulling, boat roaring and cardriving are included then this percentage goes up to 40 %. The primary earning source of the rest of the households isfishing related activity (3%), business (9%), Household servant (1%), Service (6%) and other professions (2)% (seetable-A.2).

1 Current world Album, BCS Publication, 2001, p-802 In the same year'balance of trade US $1,65 billion,'foreign debt116.59 billion, . - .

-see http://www.wordinformation.com/World/Asia/Banqladesri/kevfacts.asp9countrv-8803 Poverty can be defined as 'the state of deprivation of basic needs like adequate food, clothing, shelter, education & health facilities etc. If poverty

is explained in its narrowest sense of calorie consumption than at present nearly 48% people of Bangladesh living below the poverty line (2100-2200 kilocalories per day). •- Pragoter Pothay, op cit, 8

4 NGO Forum follows partnership approach to implement its WatSan program. Hence, it selects only those unserved and under served villageswhere potential PNGOs are available.

5 According to Novib figures (1992 p. 15) in 1991 the top 10 per cent of landowners owned 60 per cent of the land. The bottom 60 per cent oflandowners had only 1 per cent of the land (compared with 25 per cent in 1960). It can be seen that a substantial proportion (between 50 and60 per cent) of rural households are therefore functionally landless-Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Policy, and operation and Evaluation, "Evaluationof Netherlands funded NGOs in Bangladesh," Ridderprint B V Ridderkerk, Internet version.

GeohydrologicalArea

CoastalHASLWTASWTATSA

Table: A.2: Yearly income and principal earning source (data inYearly income in US$ ( US$ = 57.50 TK)<174

8.528.812.518.614.4

174-260

16.133.922.426.122.7

261-347

16.88.516.419.317.2

348-434

19.78.521.013.617.6

434>

38.920.327.722.428.0

Principal EamincAgricUlture

3836383737

DayLabor

2647302729

HH percentage)SourceFishingrelatedActivity

0700010303

Business/Condratorship

1004090909

Rickshaw/van/pushcartpulling/boatroaring/ cardrivinq1005111311

Working ashouseholdServant

0100010201

Pottering

0000000000

Blak-smithing

0000000000

Gold-Smithing

0000000000

Sen/ice

0705060707

Other

0204030202

Educational Status:

The educational background of >5 years old population of the surveyed villages exhibits a very frustrating situation.23.9% are illiterate and 29.6 % only can sign. People studied beyond 10 standard are only 6.3 %. Among them 3.4%have SSC/equivalent degree, 1.7 % studied up to HSC/equivalent , 0.8% has graduation and only 0.2 have postgraduation.

Table; A.3: Educational Background (% in total >5 years old population)Geo-hydrologicalareaCoastalHASLWTASWTATSA

Illiterate

17.527.126.025.423.9

Cansignonly29.720.632.627.329.6

Upto 5th

Standard

29.133.218.023.222.9

6lh to 10th

Standard

18.013.817,616.517.2

SSC/equivalent

3.11,83.34.03,4

HSC/equivalent

1.30.91.82.01.7

Graduation/equivalent

0.81.20.61.00.8

PostGraduation

0.40.30.10.20.2

Other

000.9000.40.2

Besides the financial poverty and awareness, absence of adequate academic institutions plays major role forbackwardness in education. The survey shows that majority of the villages do not have educational institution wherepeople can study beyond primary level though 100% surveyed villages have religious institution (see Appendix-A, TableA.3). Only 2.3 % villages have college and only 20.5 % have higher secondary school. However, 90 % villages haveprimary school and 60% enjoy the privilege of non-formal primary education run by NGOs (see Table-A.4 and for villagewise information see Appendix-A: Table: E)

Geo-hydro-logicalarea

CoastalHSALWTSWTTotal

Table: A.NGO School(Non-formal primaryeducation)

No institution053.85026.13040

17.75034.82529.4

2>38.50039.14530.6

4 Village having secular educational institutionPrimary (govt.

No institution07.70021.7109.9

153.85065.27561

2>38.55013.11529.1

Junior High School

No institution084.610091.310094

115,4008,7006

2>0000000000

(data in Village percentaceHigh School

No institution069.210073.97579,5

130.80026.12520,5

2>0000000000

College

No institution010010095.79597.7

100004.3052,3

2>0000000000

Other*

No institution069.210095.78086.2

130.8004.30510

2>000000153.8

' Under the other category consider K.G School

WatSan Knowledge

In spite of educational backwardness the survey findings shows that majority people are aware about the bad effect ofconsuming surface water without any filtration and existence of improper sanitation. However, majority people do nothave any idea about the arsenic contamination problem. 65.3% respondents know that diarrhoea! diseases occur if

unsafe surface water is drunk and proper sanitation is not maintained but only 35.8% people have Arsenic-contaminated water related awareness.

Thus the present WatSan awareness level of the surveyed area demand extensive awareness program particularly onarsenic contamination problem (see Table: A.5, for village wise data information see Appendix-A Table-A.4)

Table:A.5 WatSan KnowledgeGeo-hydrologicalArea

CoastalHSALWTASWTATSA

Can name the diseases occur due to the use of unsafe water and improper Sanitation (Multiple answer)Diarrhoea

70.145.062.967.065.3

Dysentery

20,833,326.627.926,1

Typhoid

2.36.72.77.14.4

Jaundice "•

1.65.01.43.52.3

Skindiseases7.015.014,219,214.5

Worm

3.4...6.04,84.8

Can not nameany one

26.845,034.428.931,2

Arsenic contaminatedwater relatedawareness

32.523.336.038.735.8

The WatSan Status of the Survey Area:

Even though considerable number of people of the surveyed area have knowledge about the factors responsible fordiarrhoeal diseases, still a sizeable portion of households have experienced diarrhoea incidence in one monthpreceding the day of survey. The survey was done in the first week of ~~"January and during this season diarrhoeal occurrence remains relatively Hp><?* episodes of more than two timeslow in number. Still the survey shows that 22.1% households Woose or waterv stools P('r (1*Y- Bhod

experienced diarrhoea incidence and population wise 3.8% >5 )me with stool.

year old and 17.1% under five children had faced diarrhoeal attacks with in last one munth. mis reveais me poorWatSan situation of the surveyed villages. (See Table-A.6; for village wise data see Appendix-A ,Table-A.1)

Geo-hydrological Area

CoastalHSALWTASWTATSA

Table: A.6: Incidence of% of HH experienced Diarrhoea

24.243.317.623.822.1

Diarrhoea within last one month% of >5 population experiencedDiarrhoea3.88.03.14.23.8

% of <5 population experiencedDiarrhoea20.421.913.118.617.1

Conclusion:

The findings on socio-economic, educational & awareness level, and the degree of diarrhoeal incidence show thatalong with the intervention of awareness program the financial limitation of the people of the area have to be kept inmind during overall WatSan intervention.

Section: B

Access to Safe Water Supply and Water related habits

Water is the essence of all living being.1 Without water, survival, even for a day becomes difficult. Easy access toadequate and safe water supply is very much necessary for improved public health service.

However, millions of people living in the rural area of developing countries do not have access to adequate and safewater. Nevertheless, the situation is not same in all developing countries. Bangladesh had made commendablesuccesses in providing access to tubewell water. More than 90 % of rural population have access to a tubewell within150 meters of their homes and 95% of the rural people drinks tubewell water.

Traditionally, rural water supply in Bangladesh was largely based on protected ponds. However, schemes for thecollection of groundwater through handpump tubewells for community water supplies in rural Bangladesh were takenas 1928.2 Since then up to 1993 millions of tubewells particularly shallow suction handpump had been sunk in ruralBangla. Major reasons behind this upward trend of tubewell installation in Bangladesh were: the existence of tubewellinstallation friendly geo-hydrological environment, and people's preference on tubewell technology due to availability ofbacterial contamination free water and being low cost technology.

However, with the discovery of arsenic contamination intubewell water in 1993 the success of Bangladesh turned into agreat failure. According to a survey report 59 out of 64 districtshave arsenic contaminated ground water.3

Since arsenic contamination problem is exposed various sectorsworking on Safe Water supply area has been making attemptsto develop technologies that can provide safe and adequatewater as well as the cost remain within the reach of poor. Thedevelopment of alternative technologies like AIRP, RWHS,Ringwell/ dugwell & PSF is the result of this effort. One of themain objectives of the survey is to acquire information regardingwater-related difficulties of surveyed areas to determine thetypes and degree of WatSan intervention for the area.

; Definition(s):

Access: distance to the nearest water-point &per capita availabilityAdequate: amount of water one requires tofulfill domestic needsSafe Water: free of bacterial ah$unacceptable level of mineral & chemicalcontamination and does not have immediateor latency affect on the human health / |consumed or used. -

Safe Water supply: withdrawal or abstractionot either ground or surface water as well asharvesting of rainwater; its subsequenttreatment, storage, ifahsmisshn anddistribution for domestic use.

1 Water makes up 50 to 90 per cent of the weight of living organisms. Protoplasm is a solution of water and fats, carbohydrates, proteins, andsalts. Water acts as a solvent, transporting, combining, and chemically breaking down these substances. Water also aids the metabolicbreakdown of proteins and carbohydrates. See- WATER in Encarta® 99 Desk Encyclopedia © 1987-1998 Microsoft Corporation.

2 M Feroze Ahmed & Md. Mujibur Raham, "water Supply & sanitation: Rural and Low-income urban communities," ITN-Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2000,p-297,

3 Elizabeth M. Jones," Arsenic 2000: An overview of the Arsenic Issue in Bangladesh (draft final)," Water Aid, Dhaka 2000, p-1

Water supply hardware status

The geo-hydrological condition & water difficulty determine the type of affordable technology that can be use to tapadequate and safe water. The people of Bangladesh have been using different types of safe water supply technologiesto meet the existing hydrological diversity of the country.

Geo-hydrological condition of BangladeshBased on geo-hydrological condition Bangladesh is divided into four regions, these are:Shallow table Area: Area where the static water level of under ground water remains within 25 feet (suction limit) round the year.Low Water Table Area: Area where the static water level of under ground water does not remain within suction limit (25 feet)round the year.Coastal Area: Area within the reach of seawater intrusion. Basic characteristic of the surface as well as ground water available inthe area is high salinity:Hilly & stony area,'Area where water cannot be easily accessed due to hilly environment and the existence of rock and stone inl h e s G l 1 New water difficultiesBesides the problem of bacterial contamination in the surface water, high salinity in surface and ground water and existence ofhigh level of iron contamination in ground water, over the past few years Bangladesh are facing two new trends of waterdifficulties. These are: 1) gradual decline of the ground water table, which leaves growing number of suction pumps useless and 2)the arsenic contamination problem. :

Types & categories

During survey it was observed that besides traditional well, the people of rural Bangla use various types of TW/pump/plants to tap water for domestic purposes. In the survey area, 7 types of suction mode pump, 1 type of force modepump, and 4 types alternative water supply technologies were found. However, apart from no 6 shallow and deepsuction type TW, no other types of water supply technology were found in all of the four geo-hydrological regions. Thesurvey findings exhibit that whereas conversion Pumps, AIRP and traditional well are found only in the LWTA, thelocally made shallow tubewell and PSF is found only in the SWTA. Notwithstanding, RWHS is found in Coastal &SWTA and Ring/Dug well is found in SWTA and LWTA. (See: Table: B.1)

Tips on underground Water Supply TechnologiesSuction mode TW/pump• No 6 TW: The name of the TW is bated on its barrel diameter in inches. However, it is basically a suction handpump and can

extract water practically from up to a depth of 22-24 feet. This pump is most appropriate technology for SWTA where groundwater level even in the dry season remains with in the suction limit (22-24 feet) and free from Arsenic contamination problem.

• Conversion pump: No 6 TW that is converted into semi-deep set pump is called conversion pump. Due to the lowering trendof under ground water level in some SWT areas water level goes below the suction limit in dry season but remain with in 12m. Conversion pump is created by extending the piston of No 6 TW up to 6 meters,

• Deep TW: Tubewell, which can extract water from deep aquifer and penetrates more than one irtipermeable aquifer, is calleddeep IW. However, in Bangladesh, a TW that extracts water from more than 75 m dept is known as deep TW. It, like no-6TW works under suction mode. Arsenic, Saline and Iron affected areas are suitable for Deep TW, (see- M Feoze Ahmed & MdMujibur Kahrnan, p-419 op cit)

Force mode pump :• Deep-set (tara) pump: In dry season, in many places the groundwater table goes below the suction limit As a result, shallow

suction mode pump fails to withdraw water. In 1984 to overcome this problem Tara Deep set pump was developed to extractwater from up to 15-meter below the ground surface. It is a force mode pump, Piston of this pump operates below the staticwater level to eliminate the limitation of the suction mode pump.

Alternative water supply technologies :In some area, the conventional TW &pump are not successful to provide safe water due to water difficulties like Salinity andArsenic contamination problem. As a result, new types of technologies known as alternative technologies are developed to getsafe water even in the water difficulties areas. These alternative technologies are Shallow Shrouded Tubewell SST), VeryShallow Shrouded Tubewell (VSST), Pond Sand filter (PSF), Rain Water Harvesting System (RWHS), Arsenic Iron Removal Rump(AIRP), Ring well, Dug well, etc.

Total number

The total number of TW/pump/plants found in the surveyed area is 5064. 97.4 % of this belong to suction mode typepumps which includes Number 6 TW (92.7%) Deep TW (2.13 %), Conversion pump (1.7%) and locally made TW (0.9%). The rest are force mode pump (deep-set Tara-1.6%), plants (0.69%) and traditional well4 (0.3%). The locally

The traditional well in Bangladesh is known as Patkuah and Edara. During survey traditional well was found irrKomorpur and Gaglajani village of

Rajbari and Sherpur district respectively.

11

made TW includes Darkol,5 mini-tubwell,6and basharkol,7. However, one of the most noticeable findings is that one ofthe villages named Rajapur of Bagerhat district situated in the Coastal area does not have even a singleTW/pump/plants.8 (See table B.1)

GHA

Coastal

HSALWTASWTATSA

TW& pumpTable: B.1 Water supply

Shallow TWN06TW

no584

150220217574693

%86.6

98.6892.29592.7

localmadeno00

00004848

%00

00002.60.9

Conversionpump

no00

00850085

%00

003.6001.7

Deep-set(Tara)

no00

02592182

%00

1.322.51.11.6

Hardware Status

Deep TW

no88

000812108

13.1

000.30.72.13

Plant(types and number)

RWHS

no01

00000708

%0.14

00000.40.2

AIRP

no00

00030003

%00

000.1000.06

PSF

no00

00000202

%00

00000.10.03

Ringweli/Dugwell

no01

00160320

%0.14

000.70.20.4

Traditionalwel

no00

00150015

%00

000.62000.3

Total

674

152238818505064

Ownership pattern

The TW/pump/plants found in the entire survey area evinces diverse ownership pattern. During survey, three patterns ofownership were noticed broadly. These ownership patterns are private ownership, community ownership andinstitution's ownership. Whereas TW/Pump/plants owned by single or multiple households fall under private ownershippattern, the TW pump/plants distributed by government/ non-government organisations and cost was shared by bothbeneficiaries and distributing organisations fall in the community ownership category. And TW/pump/plants owned byinstitution like school, hospital, organisation, etc fall in the institution's ownership pattern.

Figure: B.1.1 Figure: B.1.2

Technology-wise ownership pattern

TW N06 local made Conversion DeepSet Deep TW Plant traditional well(Tara)

• private • community D owned by institution

Ownership pattern in respect of overallTW pump/plant

Community 14%Owned byInstitution-3%

Private 83%

The ownership patterns present encouraging as well as very frustrating phenomenon. The survey finding reveals that 83% (includes 77% & 6 % owned by single and multiple HH respectively) the total TW/pump/plants have private ownership,which is an encouraging phenomenon as it indicates- that people no longer wait for government/developmentorganisation's initiatives, but they themselves are realising their own responsibility in ensuring their access to safe watersupply. (See Figure-B. 1.2)

However, same findings imply very ominous future if new trends of water difficulties like lowering of ground water tableand Arsenic contamination are taken into consideration. The ownership pattern shows that among the total privately

5 Darkol was found in the Shadekpur village of Hobigonj district that is located in the Sallow Table Area6 Mini-tubewell was found in the North Battirish Hazari village of Lalmonirhat district located in the Shallow Table Area. Local workshops make thiscategory of tubewell.

7 Basharkol WAS found in the Shibu village of Rangpur district located in the Shallow Table Area.8 See-Appendix: A., Table B.2.1&B.2.2 : :

12

owned tw/pump/plant only 0.1 % and 0.4% are Deep TW and Plants (Ring/dug well) respectively which perceived to besafe technologies in respect of bacterial and Arsenic contamination. The rest are no 6 Shallow TW (96%), locally madeshallow TW (1.14%), Conversion TW(1.9%), deep set tara (0.02%) and traditional well (0.4%) which no longer trusted assafe and adequate technologies. So the ownership pattern implicates the possibility of enhancement of people'sdependency on government/developmental agencies for safe water supply. (See Figure-B.1.1)

Collection source

TW/pump/ plants found in the whole survey area collected mainly from three sources. These sources are Market,Government agencies and NGOs (NGOF and other Ngos). However, few 20 Ring/Dug well and all of the 15 traditionalwells are not collected from any sources but privately constructed and needed construction materials are collected fromthe market. According to the survey findings majority of the No6 shallow TW (86%) and 100% conversion pump arecollected from Market. In contrast, majority of the Deep-set tara (93%) and Deep TW (81%) are collected fromgovernment sources. Nevertheless the most interesting findings is that except Ring/Dug well 100% of other availablethree types of Alternative technologies, RWHS, AIRP and PSF are collected exclusively from NGO Forum (for detailssee). Collection source of locally made Shallow TW is not mentioned in the concerned table, however, all of them arecollected from local market. (See table B.2)

Table: B.2 Technology wise collection source

GHA

CoastalHilly &StonyLWTASWTATSA

Tubewell & PumpNo6 Shallow TWMarket

7983

898686

Govt.

169

111111

NGOF

11

011

OtherNGO48

122

ConversionMarket0000

10000100

Govt.

0000

00000

NGOF

0000

00000

OtherNGO0000

00000

Deep-set TaraMarket

0000

1.69001

Govt.

00100

89.810093

NGOF

0000

6.78005

OtherNGO0000

1.69001

DeepTWMarket

100

0083.310

Govt

9000

87.516.781

NGOF

100

00001

OtherNGO800

12,5007

PlantsGHA

CoastalHilly &StonyLWTASWTATSA

RWHSprivatelyconstructed0000

000000

Govt.

0000

000000

NGOF

10000

00100100

OtherNGO0000

000000

AIRPprivatelyconstructed0000

000000

Govt.

0000

000000

NGOF

0000

10000100

OtherNGO

0000

000000

PSFprivatelyconstructed0000

000000

Govt.

0000

000000

NGOF

0000

00100100

OtherNGO

0000

000000

R/D Wellprivatelyconstructed10000

93.83385

Govt

0000

6.250005

NGOF

0000

000000

OtherNGO

0000

006710

Operational condition

Among the total 5064 TW/pump/plant available in the survey area 91% TW & pump and 94% alternative technologyplants were found in functional condition at the time of survey. It means nearly 9% TW/Pump and 6% of Plants were indysfunctional conditional. This is not very encouraging situation in the sense that if this percentage is converted intonumber of TW/Pump/Plant in overall national context then number of dysfunctional TW pump/ plants will go beyondhundred thousand. (See Table B.3.1 & B.3.2)

Table: B. 3.1 Water supply Hardware Status (TW/pump)GHA

CoastalHSALWTASWTATSA

Shallow TW(no6]functionalNo49798205916564310

dysfun.No8752143101383

Conversion pumpfunctionalNo0000700070

dysfun.No0000150015

deep-set (Tara)functionalNo0002391859

dysfun,No0000200323

DeepTWfunctionalNo86000511102

dysfun.No200030!06

OtherfunctionalNo0000074552

dysfun,No0000080311

Total TW/PumpfunctionalNo585100219717424624

%8766929491

dysfunctionalNo8952191108440

%1334080609

13

GHA

CoastalHSALWTASWTATSA

Ringwell/ DugwellfunctionalNo0100140318

dysfun.No0000020002

Table: B.RWHS

functionalNo0100000708

dysfun.No0000000000

3.2 Water supply Hardware Status (Plant)AIRPfunctionalNo0000030003

dysfun.No0000000000

PSFfunctionalNo0000000202

dysfun.No0000000000

Total plantsfunctionalNo0200171231

%100008910093.9

dysfun.No0000020002

%000011006,0

Distance between kitchen and nearest TW/pump/plant

The survey findings show that a considerable number of water points are available in the survey areas. However, itdoes not mean that every body has TW/pump/plant within their courtyard. Nearly 12% HHs in the entire survey areahave to cross more than 300 feet to get access to a TW/pump/plant and nearly 27% HHs do not have TW/Pump/plantwithin 100 feet.

In the coastal and hilly & stony area 46.5% and 52.6% households do not have access to tw/pump/plant within 100 feet.Moreover many HHs residing in the coastal, Hilly & Stony, LWT and SWTA cross 9000, 1200, 2000, and 2000 feetrespectively to get access to TW/pump/plants' water. However, a considerable percentage of HHs (40.7%) has accessto TW/Pump/plant within 50 feet. In the Coastal and Hilly & Stony area 42.8% and 40.7% HHs have access toTW/pump/plant within 50 feet respectively while in LWTA and SWTA 66.5 % and 70.9 % HHs have access within 50feet respectively. (See Table: B.4)

Table: B.4 Distance between kitchen and nearest TW/pump/plant (data In HH%)GHA

CoastalHilly &StonyLWTASWTATSA

Distance between kitchen and concerned TW/Pump/Plant in feet1-50HH%42.840.7

66.570.962.2

51-100HH%10.66,8

12.310.611.1

101-150HH%4.06.8

5.84,44.9

151-200HH%5.26.8

4.93.74.6

201-250HH%2.300

1.01.51.4

251-300HH%3,78.5

4.03,53.9

300+HH%31.330.5

5.65.511.8

Highestdistance90001200

200020009000

Lowestdistance53

222

Available (perceive) Safe and unsafe point

Mere access to functional TW/pump/plant does not ensure access to safe water supply. Water available from TW/Pumpmight have unacceptable level of mineral contamination. So to ensure access to safe water supply one has to ensurethat the water available from accessed functional TW/pump/plant is free from unacceptable level of mineralcontamination as well as from bacterial contamination. Through survey, attempt has been made to get the total numberof available safe functional water supply point by identifying unsafe water point. However, in identifying safe and unsafewater supply point survey was restricted only with the issue of Arsenic and iron contamination and the presence of highsalinity.

Arsenic issue:

Survey findings show that among the 57 villages9, water of 100% TW/pump has been tested for Arsenic contaminationonly in 7 % villages and not even a single water point is tested for Arsenic contamination in 53% villages. It further

Rajapur village of Bharhart does not have any TW/pump/plant. So this village is not considered in this section and total survey village hereconsidered as 57 instead of 58.

14

shows that in 7 % villages all tested-TW/pumps' water is found as Arsenic contaminated while in 5.3% villages all testedTW/pumps1 water is found as safe in respect of Arsenic contamination. (See Table 5.1)

GHA

Coasta1Hilly &StonyLWTA

SWTATSA

fable: B.5.1 Village information regarding water difficultyVillage information in respect of Percentage of TW/pump/plant had Arsenic test

0%TW/Pump

VNO7

1

12

MO30

V%

58.350

52.25052.6

1-10%TW/Pump

VNO1

00

03

0105

V%8.3

00

13

_ 0 5 i8.8

11-25%TW/Pump

VNO1

00

02

0306

V%8.3

00

8.7

1510.5

26-50%TW/Pump

VNO00

1

01

0103

V%00

50

4,4

055.3

51-99%TW/Pump

VNO1

00

04

0409

V%8.3

00

17.42015.8

100°/TW/Pump

VNO2

00

1

0104

V%16.700

4.4

057

Villageswheretestedarefrom

allTw

free

Arsenicproblem

VNO00

00

02

0103

V%00

00

8.7

055.3

issueVillageswhere alltested TW'swater hasunacceptable level ofArsenic

contaminatio

n

VNO02

00

02

0004

V%16.7

00

8.7

007

Villageswhere100%TW/pumpIS

reportedlyfree from

unacceptedlevel of ironcontaminationVNO03

00

05

0614

V%25

00

21,73024.6

Villageswhere 100%TW/Pumpreportedlyfree fromhigh salinity

VNO06

02

23

2051

V%50

100

100

10089.5

However if focus is shifted from village to water point then findings show that water of only 23% TW/pumps had beentested for Arsenic contamination, The findings further implies that 49% tested TW/pump are unsafe water point as wateravailable from these points contain unacceptable level of Arsenic contamination. The highest percentage of testedTW/pumps (80%) is found to be unsafe in the coastal area while lowest percentage tested TW/pumps (21%) is found asunsafe in the Hilly & Stony area. In the LWTA and SWTA water of 33 % and 54% tested TW/pump plants is foundhaving unacceptable level of Arsenic contamination respectively. (See Table: B.5.2)

GHA

CoastalHilly &StonyLWTASWTATSA

Table: B.5.2: Informatfori regarding water points In respect of Water difficultiesArsenic tested TW/PumpArsenictestedTW/pump

No18748

4284951158

%2832

182823

TW/pump haveunacceptedlevel of Arsenic

No14910

142268569

%8021

335449

TW have lessthan/ free ofArseniccontaminationNo3838

286227589

%2079

674651

TW/pump havingunaccepted levelof Iron

No30832

5813461267

%4621

251925

TW/pump havingunaccepted levelof Salinity

No5700

000057

%0800

00001

Safe functionalTW/pump

No24665

160611493066

%3643

676261

Averagepopulation forsinglefunctional safepointNo8354

242931

Iron contamination & presence of high salinity issue:

Apart from Arsenic contamination, Iron contamination of water available from TW/pump is also hindering the effort ofBangladesh in ensuring safe water supply for the rural people. The Survey findings show that only in 25% villages 100%TW/pump/plant is reportedly free from unacceptable level of iron contamination. In respect of water point 25% haveunacceptable level of iron contamination. Highest percentage of iron contaminated water points are located in thecoastal area (46%) and lowest percentage of iron contaminated TW/pump is situated in the SWTA. In the LWTA andHilly and Stony area 25 % and 21% TW/pump plants reportedly having unacceptable level of Iron contaminationrespectively. (See Table B.5.1 & B.5.2)

15

Besides Iron and Arsenic contamination, presence of high salinity is another important difficulty Bangladesh is facing insome areas to ensure safe water supply. Survey findings show that the salinity problem is limited only with in coastalbelt. As per survey findings in 50% villages of Coastal area presence of high salinity in the water of TW/pump isreported. However, it does not mean that all the water points exist in these villages have high salinity problem.According to survey 8% water points (TW/pump) reportedly have salinity problem. All the water points situated inSWTA, LWTA & Hilly & Stony areas are free from high salinity. (See Table B.5.1 & B.5.2)

Safe functional water point:

A point is identified as safe if water available from the point is reportedly free from high salinity and iron contaminationas well as the presence of Arsenic contamination is not confirmed by chemical testing.

Survey findings show that 61% of the total functional point which does not include Basherkol, Darkol & traditional well isfree from Arsenic, Iron & high salinity. Hence it can be said that 61% of total available point is safe functional points.However, geo-hydrological region wise, 36 % , 43%, 67% and 62 % functional water point is safe in the Coastal area,hilly & stony area, LWTA & SWTA respectively. However, in the, Mahmud Kanda, Shreenathdi, Rajapur & Betagramvillages located in the Coastal area not even a single safe functional point is available. (See Table B.5.2 and for villagewise data see Appendix-A, Table B.5)

The findings also implicates that in an average for 83, 54, 24 & 29 persons a single functional safe water point isavailable in the Coastal area, hilly & stony area, LWTA & SWTA respectively. However, in the Gabrakhali village ofLWTA and Sheikh Hati village of SWTA for 1867 & 1616 persons a single functional point is available. In contrast, inBarunagaon of SWTA, Barokona & Ragunathpur of LWTA, a single functional safe water point is available for less thanten persons. (See Table B.5.2 and for village wise data see Appendix-A, Table B.5)

However, this situation cannot be accredited as real because all those water points, which are not tested for Arseniccontamination, are identified as safe. Moreover, the presence of other minerals except Arsenic, Iron and Salt are notconsidered. In addition the bacterial issue is also not taken care of. There is every possibility of bacterial contaminationof water available from these TW/pump/plant. The survey shows that 50% HHs collect water from a water point(TW/pump/plant) from which distance of latrine is less than 33 feet. In respect of bacterial contamination the safedistance between latrine and Water point is 33. So survey findings does not present information about the averageconfirmed safe points but the perceived safe points. (See Appendix-A, Table B.5)

Platform situation

Ensuring easy access to only the functional and safe TW/pump/plants is not enough to eliminate the complete sufferingof the people. It is very essential that every functional and safe TW/pump/plant have proper platform. A platform isproper when, any portion of the concrete platform and attached drain is not broken or cracked or any portion is gonedown; Katcha-drain is attached with concrete one; the TW/pump does not have dangling root, and the soil of thesurrounding area of the concrete platform is not eroded. The absence of proper platform not only createsinconvenience to collect water but also can originate bacterial pollution in the area. According to the survey nearly65.6% TW pump/plants do not have proper platform. (See Figure B.2)

Figure: B.2 Geo-hydrological Region-wise Percentage of improper platform

Geo-

100

80 64.1% 67.2% 65.7% : 65.6%

hydrological;• region wise 6(J

percentageof improper 4 0

'; 20

0Coastal Area Hilly & Stony Area Low water table Area Shallow Table Area Total Survey Area

16

Water related habit and practices:

The presence of adequate number of safe functional water points in any area does not ensure the use of safe water forall domestic purposes by the inhabitants. The use of safe water for drinking as well other domestic purpose dependupon the level of knowledge about need and benefit of using safe water, awareness as well as habit and practices. Iftrie people are highly conscious and aware about the need of using safe water people even crosses long distance toensure access to safe water.

Drinking habit & practices

The survey findings show that 81.4% HHs drink water collected from TW/pump/plant, which are perceived to be safeand 13.3% from TW/pump/plants that are not safe. It means in the whole survey area 94.7% HHs drink water collectedfrom TW/Pump/plants. The rest HHs collect water from the traditional well/ponds (4.4%), river/canal (0.7%) and othersources (0.1%).

GHA

CoastalHilly & StonyLWTASWTATSA

Table: B.6 Drinking Water sources: (HH wiseTubewell/pump/plantsConsideredSafe

79.495.084.278.481.4

Unsafe

9.81.711.418.613.3

TotalTw/pump/plants89.296.795.697.094.7

information)Traditional sourceRain Water

0000000000

TraditionalWell/pond

9.81.74.21.74.4

River/canal

11.70.30.90.7

other

0000000.30,1

In the coastal area, 89.2% HHs drink TW/pump/plants' water but 100% HHs residing in the Rajapur village in Bagerhatdistrict who do not have access to any TW/pump/plant collect water from a sweet water pond for the drinking purpose.In the Hilly & Stony, and Low water Table area 96.7% and 95,6% HHs drink Tw/pump/plant's water. However, it is theSWTA where highest percentage of HHs (97,0%) drink water that is collected from TW/pump/plants, (See Table B.6,For village wise data see Appendix-A Table B.6)

It is very encouraging that even though the residents of the survey area are lacking behind in respect of education but acommendable percentage of HHs use TW/pump/plants' water for drinking purpose. This shows the success ofawareness program carried out for decades by various government and non-government organisations. The successstory of awareness program regarding the use of TW/pump/plants become more revealing if one notice the distancepeople cross to get access to TW/pump/plant. Survey shows that people even cross up to 9000 feet to collect waterfrom TW/pump/plants and nearly 11.8 % cross more than 300 feet distance. However, this findings at the same timeimplicates the level of problem one going to face to aware the people that even water available from TW/pump is notalways safe. (See table B.4)

The issue of purification:

The survey findings reveal that 5.2% HH collect water from sources other than TW/pump/plant. The possibility ofbacterial contamination of the water available from well, pond, canal, river is very high (See table B.6). So it is veryimportant that one should drink water from these sources only after complete purification. During survey information wascollect, about this 5.2% HHs as well as about those HHs who normally collected water from TW/pump/plant but withinlast one year they had to collect water at least for once from sources other than TW/pump/plant to know their practicesregarding the needed water purifying issue.

17

Survey findings show that nearly 52% HHs whenever had collected water from sources other than TW/pump/plant haddrunk without any form of purification. However, 32.7% HHs had been used fitkeri as purifying method and 6.7% HH hadboiled water before drinking. The practice of using of purifier table is completely absent. (See table B.7)

GHA

CoastalHilly & StonyLWTASWTATSA

Table: B.7: Drinking Water Related habits: The issue of PurificationWhen water is collected from sources other than TW/Pump/plant

purifying methodspurifying throughBoiling

6.3002.914.36.7

Sedimentationthrough Fitkeri use

66.7002.94.832.7

Filtration throughusing filter

2,10000001.0

Purifying throughuse of purifierTablets0000000000

Filtering throughStraining

000023.5007.7

Drink only afterpurification

25.010070.681.051.9

Habit regarding keeping Drinking Water pot cleaned and covered

The collection and preservation of safe water does not ensure drinking of safe water. Safe water can be polluted duringpreservation if the water pot is uncleane*d & not covered. The survey findings show that during the observation Drinkingwater pot of 51% households were found covered and 72% were cleaned. It further implicates that people of coastalareas are more aware about the maintaining of hygiene condition. (Figure B.3)

Figure: B.3: Households keeps Drinking Water pot cleaned and covered

Coastal Hilly & Stony

HKHfe* Covered drinking water pot

Water use for domestic purposes other than drinking

LWTA SWTA TSA

Cleaned drinking water pot

Merely drinking safe water does not ensure the elimination of water related diseases. There exists high risk of waterrelated health hazard if the use of safe water at least for the domestic purposes like gargling and mouth washing (duringbathing, face washing, Uzu etc.), Raw Food/vegetable washing, Utensil Washing and cooks10 are not taken care of.

In contrast to drinking water habit, where nearly 81.4% HHs drink water collected from safe water source (SafeTW/pump/plant), only 31.6%, 44.0%, 44.5% and 58.8% HHs use water collected from safe water source for the purposes

During cooking water get boiled and killed bacterial germs but Arsenic contamination can not be solved through boiling. So to avoid Arsenicrelated health hazard even for cooking use of safe water is essential.

18

like gargling and mouth washing (during bathing, face washing, Uzu etc.), Raw Food/vegetable washing, UtensilWashing and cooking respectively. (See table B.8)

GHA

CoastalHilly & StonyLWTASWTATSA

Table B.8: Safe water used for most of the domestic purposes other than drinkingGargling & Mouth washingSafe sources

HH%3.425.041.338,931.6

UnsafesourcesHH%96.675.058.761.168.4

Raw Food/ Vegetable WashingSafe sources

HH%10.335.657.150.944.0

UnsafesourcesHH%89.764.442.949.156.0

Utensil WashingSafe sources

HH%12.933.357.051.244.5

UnsafesourcesHH%87.166.743.048.855.5

CookingSafe sources

HH%28.761.770.064.858.8

UnsafesourcesHH%71.338.330.035.241.2

Conclusion:

The survey findings of the Water supply Hardware Status and people's water related habits show that inhabitants of thesurvey area need hardware as well as software support. However, the first thing NGO-F needs to do is the testing ofwater quality of all functional water points and then providing the hardware support as per need. The existence ofsufficient number of ponds & chal (roof) (see Appendix-A, table E) implicates that technologies like PSF and RWHS issuitable for most of the surveyed villages. In respect of Software support three major issues have to be taken care of.First, to aware people that TW/pump/plants cannot be treated as safe till the water quality is confirmed as safe throughthe process of testing. Second, to aware people that the use of safe water for the purposes other than drinking is alsoimportant to avoid health hazards. Thirdly, need of purifying of water when it is collected from sources other than safeTW/pump/plant.

:£(

19

Section: CThe Issue of Environmental Sanitation

Absence of proper environmental sanitation is the main factor responsible for the sufferings of millions of people of theworld. WHO estimates that more than 3 billion people in the world are without adequate means of excreta disposal.1 InBangladesh in the year 2000, 44% households had sanitary type latrine and improper solid waste management is anenvironmental hazard especially in the urban.2 The impact of this poor sanitation coverage on the health, dignity, andquality of life of the poor is shaming.3

According to WHO 3.3 million people die every year fromdiarrhoeal diseases and at any one time there are 1.5million suffering from parasitic worm infections stemmingfrom human excreta and solid wastes in the environment.Besides the costs of healthcare and lost productivity,community as a whole has to bear greater cost due to thecontamination of rivers and aquifers by untreated humanwaste.4

Hence it is vital to meet people's basic needs for disposalof human excreta and other wastes in a manner, which issafe for them and the wider community. NGO Forumfollowing the national policy of Bangladesh has beenincluded hardware as well as software activities to improvesanitation in the villages selected for WatSan intervention.

In this section of the report the baseline survey findingsregarding latrine hardware status and hygiene practicelevel are incorporated.

The term environmental sanitation means thecontrolling of all the factors in the physicalenvironment, which may have deleterious impacts onhuman health. In developing countries, it normallyincludes drainage, solid waste management, andvector control, in addition to the safe management ofhuman excreta. However, in this report the termenvironmental sanitation is used in narrowest senseby restricting within the issue of management ofhuman excreta and household waste only. Itincludes both the hardware (latrine and sewers, anddustbin) and the software (hygiene promotion) thatneeded to reduce faecal-oral, disease transmission:

National Rural Sanitation Policy principle ofBangladesh

* The rural sanitation programme shall support andpromote a range of technology options for waterand environmental sanitation....

•Behavioural development and changes in usercommunities shall be brought about through socialmobilisation and hygiene education...

Latrine Hardware Status:

The environmental conditions like water availability, geo-hydrological condition, and the permeability of the soil of aparticular area determine the types of hygienic latrine that can be used to ensure safe management of human excreta.Presently, organisations working in the rural sanitation sector of Bangladesh are popularising the water-sealed ring slabLatrine (Pour-Flush) as the most affordable and suitable sanitary type Latrine for the poor people residing in the ruralareas.

Primary features of affordable hygienic latrine:

• Effectively isolates faeces from the environment• Control Odour• Control insectAssure at least minimum level of convenience and privacy

' DFID, opcit p-8.2 UNICEF, "Progotir Pathey: 2000," op cit, p-93 DFID, p-8-94 DFID, p-8-9

Types & categories .

However, during survey two types of Pour-Flush (water sealed ring slab latrine & Offset latrine) and one types of Septictank system iatrine besides pit, open and hanging latrines were found in the entire survey area. All these six types oflatrine technologies are seen in all of the four geo-hydrologica! areas. However, only the Pour-Flash types latrinepopularly known as Water sealed Ring Slab latrine was found in the 100% surveyed villages. Nevertheless all 15%water-sealed Ring-Slab category latrine no longer can be called as hygienic latrine because 32% of them did not haveproper water sealed at the time of survey. (See Appendix-A, Table-C.1)

Hygienic Latrine technologies: r ,,...•.„••..

• Simple pit Latrine: It consists of a manually dug hole into a ground, a seat or squatting slab, a superstructure erected over it andpit hole cover. The pit is simply a hole in the ground into which excreta fall. Urine and other liquids soak into the ground andsolid materials are retained and decomposed in the pit. To hatch the pit hole to control odour and insect an appropriate pitcover is used, pit latrine without pit cover can not be considered as hygienic latrine but better than hanging and open latrine.

Water seal Latrine; This latrine is build with the modification of simple pit by incorporating of Pour-Flush technology with the• simple pit latrine. The most vital part of it is the water seal incorporated between the squatting plate, which essentially prevents

unpleasant odours and insect from entering the latrine compartment. If the water seal is broken its no longer remain hygienic.In Bangladesh this latrines arc popularly known as Ring-Slab latrine. The problem with the latrine is that at least 5 litres/person/day is needed to keep the latrine clean. :

Offset Latrine: It is a Water seal latrine but only difference with the ring slab is that instead of direct pit a completely off-set pit• connected to the pour-flush pan by a short length of 100 mm diameter pipe.

Septic Latrine: Latrine has well built superstructure and connected to a completely off-set concrete tank that ensures partial• treatment of excreta through sedimentation and anaerobic decomposition organic reaction processes.

Unhygienic latrine:

• Open latrine: Latrine that is connected by pipe to an open place or water body is called open latrine. Moreover, all thoseseptic/pit/offset/water seal latrine that fail to keep excreta within the tank/hole due to damages and excreta come out in theopen place are treated as open latrine.

• Hanging latrine: Elevated latrine structure with an open area below allowing faeces to fall into a water body, or on the ground.Hanging latrine typically built around the edge of a pond, canal, or a ditch.

The highest percentage of Offset & Septic Latrine is found in the Hilly & Stony area (6%) and LWTA (6%), and lowestpercentage is found in the Coastal area (02%). However, in contrast lowest percentage of water-seal ring slab latrine isfound in the Hilly and Stony area (06%) and highest percentage is seen in the LWTA (16%) as well as in the SWTA(16%). In the Coastal area the percentage of water-sealed latrine is 14%. In the entire survey area 20%, 15%, 4% &61% latrines are pit, water seal ring slab, Offset/septic & open/hanging respectively. (See Appendix-A, Table-C.1)

So the findings show the gloomy picture of the surveyed villages in respect of sanitary latrine coverage. For 17710Households only 2462 hygienic latrine (ring-slab, offset &septic) is available. If the condition of the water seal is takencare of then the number of sanitary latrine will be less than 2000. (See Appendix-A, Table-C. 1)

GHA

CoastalHilly &StonyLWTASWTATSA

PitNo

389104

86811532514

%

1117

193020

Water seaNo

48837

7536171895

Table C.1: Latrine Hardware Status(Ring Slab)%

1406

161615

% of RingSlab haveproperWater seal(qooseneck)2925

353132

Offset & SepticNo

6834

293172567

%

0206

060404

Open & hangingNo

2608427

267819197632

%

7371

585061

TotalLatrineNo

3553602

4592386112608

HouseholdNo

3887602

6938628317710

21

Ownership pattern of latrine (Pit, pour-Flush & septic) . .

The survey findings implicate about only two types of ownership pattern. These are private and other categoryownership. Whereas latrine owned by single or multiple households falls under the private ownership pattern, latrineowned by institutions are categorised as other category.

According to survey 99.51 % pit/ pour-Flush & septic type latrine have private ownership and only 0.49% have othercategory ownership. Among the 99.51% privately owned latrine 92.3% latrines have single household ownership andrest 7.25% have shared ownership. (Figure C.1)

Figure: C.1 Latrine (Pit/Pour-Flush/Septic) Ownership pattern

Owned by multiple households 7.25%% 1 p

• " ( •BW""" !

Other category ownership 0.49%

Owned by single household 92,3%

Reason for not having latrine other than completely open & hanging type latrine:

The ownership pattern implies that only 4591 households have latrine, which are not completely unhygienic. It means12758 households do not have any types of hygienic/ semi hygienic latrine and 361 households do not haveindependent latrine but shared one. During survey it was found that 54.8% of them are not able to use hygienic latrinedue to lack of finance and 10.3 % due to lack of place. However, it was found that 63 % does not use due to lack ofawareness. (See Figure-C.2)

Figure: C.2: Reason for not having latrine other than completely open & hanging type latrine (multiple answer)

Due to lackipf Finance j

10.3

Out; lo lack

Access to Village Sanitation Centre:

Even if the people of a given place have affordability and awareness still the hygienic latrine coverage might remain lowif people do not have easy access to, place/market from where they can purchase hygienic latrine hardware, andmason who can construct hygienic latrine. Hence to improve the sanitation coverage of an area it ensures enough shopand Village Sanitation Centre as well as trained mason. The survey findings show that among the total 58 villages 69%villages does not have any VSC. Moreover 17.2% village do not have any VSC within 5 km and inhabitants of 1.7%villages even could been able to mention about any nearest VSC. However, 51.7% villages have VSC within 0-1.65km.Nevertheless, VSC located in the villages and in the nearest distance of the village are run by three running authorities.The survey findings show that 51% VSC are run by private authority and 26% VSC are run by NGOF supported NGOs

22

or private producer. Government (6%) and other NGOs (17%) are running rest of the VSCs. (See Table C.2 and forvillage wise information -see Appendix-A table: C.2)

GHA

CoastalHillyLWTASWTATSA

Village without VSC

No0702201140

%53.8100875569

Table: C.2 Information regarding the Village Sanitation CentreVSCs distance-wise villages

0-1.65km

No0700111230

%53,80047.86051.7

1.66-3.3

No0102070010

%7,710030.40017,2

3.4-4.95km

No0200030207

%15.400131012

4.96km>

No0300020510

%23008.72517.2

Running authority of the VSC situated in the village ornearest distancePrivate

No7011314

r 35

%5450505051

Government

No0000020204

%0000080706

NGOF_supportedNo0401050818

%3150192926

otherNGOsNo0200060412

%1500231417

Status of the surveyed Villages in respect of Mason

The presence of sufficient number of VSCs in a particular area and the awareness as well as affordability of theresidents do not ensure the easy WaiSan intervention if sufficient number of mason who can set up hygiene latrine arenot available in the area. The survey findings made it very clear that the WatSan intervention in the number of surveyedvillages will not be very easy one. Nearly 40% villages do not have even a single person who can set up hygienic latrineand only 15.5% villages have mason more than 6 person. (See Table C.3 and for village wise information -seeAppendix-A table: E)

Table: C.3 :The status of the surveyed Villages in respect of MasonGHA

CoastalHillyLWTASWTATSA

Villages as per number of Mason available<1No0601120423

%46.25052.22039.7

1-2No0400040816

%30.80017.44027.6

3-5NO0201040310

%15,45017.41517.2

6-10No0000020305

%00008.7158.6

10>No0100010204

%7.7004,3106.9

The Status of hygiene practice:

Merely having hygienic latrine does not ensure safe environmental sanitation. The success of hardware interventiontotally depends upon the hygiene practice of the user. However the survey findings show that the residents of thesurveyed area are also lacking behind in respect of hygiene practices.

Defecation site:

To have in-depth information regarding the defecation habit during survey information was collected from all themember-categories of each sample household. These household member categories are male, female and under fivechildren. The survey findings reflect the habit of the majority member of a category.

The defecation site of Male members:

According to the survey majority male members of 13.0% households of the entire survey area use hygienic latrine and13.5% households' male members use the pit latrine. Among the rest 36.7% households' majority male member useopen/hanging latrine and 36.7% practices open defecation. Whereas the male members of highest percentagehouseholds (14.2%) use hygienic latrine in the LWTA area, the lowest percentage households (10%) use in the Hilly &

23

Stony area. In the Coastal and SWTA area male members of 13.7% & 11.7 % use hygienic type latrine respectively.(See table C.4)

Table: C.4: Defecation siteGHA

Coastal

Hilly &StonyArea

LWTA

SWTA

TSA

Defecation Sites

Hygienic Latrine

(Septic/Offset/water

seal Ring Slab)

HH Member category

MHH%

13.7

10.0

14.2

11.7

13.0

FHH%

13.7

10.0

14.6

11.8

13.3

C<5HH%

7.000

6.56.26.2

Pit

HH Member category

MHH%

8.816.7

11.6

18.1

13.5

FHH%

9.516.7

12.5

18.1

14.0

C<5HH%

1.100

1.74.32.3

Hanging/open

latrine

HH Member

category

MHH

53.6

63.3

34,0

26.9

36.7

FHH

55.9

63.3

37.0

28.8

39.1

C<5HH

7.07.3

2.43.94.3

open place/ bush/

others)

HH Member

category

MHH

24.0

10.0

40.2

43.3

36.7

FHH

20.9

10.0

35.9

41.3

33.7

C<5HH

84.9

92.7

89.4

85.6

87.2

UseSlipper

HH%

28,4

11.7

32.4

31.3

30.5

Have

cleaned

Slab

HH%

27,6

50

39.6

32,0

34.6

Surrounding

area of the

latrine found

cleaned

HH%

25.9

50

42.6

34.7

36.3

The defecation site of Female members

The pattern of female defecation site is nearly same as male members. The survey findings reveal that majority femalemembers of only 13.3% household use hygienic latrine and 14% households' female members use pit latrine. 39.1%households' majority female member use open/hanging latrine and the rest households' (33.7%) females practice opendefecation, geo-hydrological region wise female member of 13,7%, 10%, 14.6% & 11.8% households uses hygieniclatrine in the Costal, Hilly & Stony, LWTA and SWTA respectively. (See table C.4)

The defecation site of under five children;

The survey findings show that majority under five children of 6.2%, 2.3% & 4.3% households hygienic, pit &open/hanging latrine respectively. The rest 87.2% households' under five children practice open defecation. In the hilly& stony area under five children of 100% households use unhygienic latrine and in the Coastal, LWTA & SWTA area91.9%, 91.8% & 89.5% households' under five children use unhygienic latrine. (See table C.4)

The disposal of faeces of under five children:

In Bangladesh a large number of under five children do not use latrine. Many of the them who can walk defecate in thecourtyard, in home and other open places. Infants those cannot walk defecate mostly in their cloths. So the issue ofwashing the dirty cloths of infants and disposal of children faeces arises.

According to survey 3.8% households dispose children faeces in to the latrine and 11.8% throw into a fixed hole and47.6% do not dispose at any fixed place and throw anywhere they want. 13.3% households throw into garden, 14.5%wash into water bodies and 2.5% on the site of TW/pump/plant. The rest 6.4% households left open. (See-Figure-C.3)

Figure: C.3: Disposal of faeces of under five children

Left open 6.4%At Latrine 3.8%

At garden 13.3%

At Fixed place/hole 11.8%

I

Any Place 47.6%

Wash in the Water bodies 14.5%

Wash on the side of TW/Pump/Plant 2.7%

24

This unhygienic practice by the majority households became more evident when interviewers made observation of thesurrounding areas of the surveyed houses. Interviewers have seen faeces in the courtyards of 18.8% households of theentire surveyed area. In four hydrogeological areas faeces were noticed in the courtyard of 17.9%, 30%, 20% &16.9%,households situated in the Coastal, Hilly & Stony, LWTA & SWTA respectively. (See-Figure-4)

TOO

80

60

40

20

—

—

17.9

Figure: C. 4:

30.0

Faeces noticed

20.0

in the courtyard

16.9 18.8

SA

Slipper Use at time of defecation & keeping the pan slab and surrounding area of latrine clean:

The use of only hygienic latrine does not ensure the elimination of diseases related to improper sanitation. Along withthe use of hygiene latrine the hygiene practices like use of slipper during defecation, keeping the slab and surroundingareas of the latrine are also essential.

The survey finding show that in the entire survey area members of only 30.5% households use slipper duringdefecation, 34.6% HH keeps their latrine slab clean and surrounding area of latrine was found cleaned in 36.3 %households, In the coastal area members of 28,4% Households use slipper during defecation, 27.6% keeps their latrineslab clean and 25.9% households keep the surrounding area of their clean. However, in the hilly & stony area 11.7%Households' members use slipper during defecation and 50% Households members keeps pan slab & surrounding areaof their latrine clean. (See table C.4)

The findings of LWTA & SWTA present a better situation than the coastal & Hilly & Stony area in respect of slipper usebut do lacking behind over the cleanliness of latrine. In the LWTA 32.4% households & 31.3% households in theSWTA practice slipper use during defecation but only 39.6 % households of LWTA and 32% of SWTA kept theirlatrine's pan slab clean. However, 42.6% and 34.7% households of LWTA & SWTA kept the surrounding area of theirlatrine clean respectively (See table C.4).

Distance between latrine and houseDistance of latrine from house have impact on the cleanliness of latrine and latrine use. If the latrine is build adjacent to

house then people are forced to keep their latrine clean and also feel easy to use the latrine for defecation. Surveyshows that 27.8%, 35.5%, 12.1% households have latrine within 15, between 16-30 and 31-45 feet. The rest havelatrine beyond 45 feet distance from house. 5.5 % households have latrine beyond 100 feet distance from house (Seetable C.5)

Table: C5: Distance between House & LatrineGHA

Coastal

Hilly &Stony

LWTA

SWTA

TSA

Distance between House & Latrine (feet)

up to 1516.0

51.0

24.1

35.8

27.8

16-30

39.6

47.1

35.531.4

35.5

31-45

18.8

00

11.9

9.612.1

46-6013.6

00

11.7

11.6

11.5

61-753.200

1,93.02.5

76-100

2.000

6.86.25.2

100+

6.82.0

8.02.55.5

Highest

500160

500500500

Lowest014

150

Average3819

433638

25

Hand washing habits

The washing of both hands with soap before meal, after defecation and after cleaning the bottom of children can ensurethe decline of faecal-oral disease. However, the survey findings show that the present hand washing habit of the entiresurvey area is very disappointing. The practice of the majority members of the household has been described as thehabit of the entire household.

Hand washing before meal

According to survey members of 94.8 % households washes hand before taking meal and the members of 5.2%Households doesn't wash at all. Moreover only 5.1 percent households' members wash both the hand but only 1.1 %wash with soap. However, highest percentage of households' (87.7%) member washes one hand with only with water.The rest 2.0 % households' members wash one hand with soap. The hand washing patterns of all the fourhydrogeological areas are nearly same. The percentages of households washing both hands with soap in the coastal,Hilly & stony, LWTA & SWTA are 0.5%, 3.3%, 1.9 % and 0.5% respectively. (See-Table: C.6.1)

GHA

CoastalHilly & Stony AreaLWTASWTATSA

Table: C.6Wash one hand

With only waterHH%84%93.388.588.587.7

with SoapHH%1.01.72.91,62.0

.1 : Hand wash before mealBoth hand

With only waterHH%2.31.73.36.04.0

with SoapHH%0.53.31.90.51.1

Total Hand wash

HH%87.910096.696,594.8

Doesn't Washhand

HH%12.1003.43.55.2

Hand washing after defecation:

Washing of both hands with soap after defecation is very essential to avoid human excreta related diseases. The surveyfindings provide a very depressing scenario. In the entire survey area nearly 5% households' do not practice separatehand washing after defecation and only 2.8 % practice both hands washing with soap after defecation. The highestpercentage of households (43.3%) practices the washing of one hand with only water. However, a considerablepercentage (39%) of household wash one hands with ash/soil. (See-Table-C.6.2)

GHA

CoastalHilly & Stony AreaLWTASWTATSA

WashWithwaterHH%63.161.738.534.543.3

one handonly with Soap

HH%5.25.07.96.06,5

Table: C.6.2: Hand wash

with Ash/soil

HH%18.626.744.446.839.0

after defecationBoth handWithwaterHH%1.01,72.73.12.5

only with Soap

HH%1.01.73.43.32.8

with Ash/SOi!

HH%0.53.30.62.21.2

Do not Wash handseparately

HH%10.6002.43.94.7

Among the four geo-hydrological areas the situation of coastal area is gloomier. Even 11% households do not wash anyhand separately after defecation. Moreover, 63.1% households practice only washing of one hand with only water. Only1% washes both hands with soap. The situation of the hilly & Stony area is also not very encouraging one. Only 1.7 %households' members wash both hand with soap and 61.7% wash one hand with only water. In the LWTA & SWTAmembers of only 3.4% and 3.3% households wash both hand with soap respectively.

26

During survey to understand the awareness level of the members of households in respect of hand washing afterdefecation interviewers observed whether water & soap/Ash/Soil were kept near the latrine or not. The findings showthat only 8.4% households had water & soap/Ash/Soil near their latrines. (See Figure C.5)

Figure: C.5: Households Keep Ash/Soap/Water near latrine

100

80

60

40

20

I—

—

o L-""

Hand washina

4.2

Coastal

after cleanina the

2.2 ,V:4 .• : : ; • • ' • • ; •

Hilly & Stony

bottom of children

11.3

LWTA

9.4 8.4

SWTA TSA

In many culture the excreta of young children are considered safe and are thus not treated with the same hygienicconcern as the excreta of adult. This is totally wrong. Nevertheless, in respect of hand washing after defecation thesurvey findings shows that people of the survey area treats the children in the same way as they treat adult one.Survey finings show that only 3.8% households wash both hands with soap after cleaning the bottom of the child while6.6% wash one hand with soap. The majority of the households (55.4%) only wash one hand that also with only water.However, nearly 28% households' members wash one hand with ash/soil after cleaning the bottom of children.

Table: C.6.3 Hand wash after cleaninq the bottom of childrenGHA

Coastal

Hilly & Stony Area

LWTA

SWTA

TSA

Wash one hand

With only

water

HH%69.7

79.5

53.9

42,6

55.4

with Soap

HH%3.5008.87.26.6

with Ash/soil

HH%18.4

5.130.7

35.0

27.8

Both hand

With only

water

HH%1.02.60.02.71.2

with Soap

HH%5.02.64.62.33.8

with Ash/soi

HH%1.010.3

1.33.02.2

Do notWash handseparately

HH%1.5000.77.23.0

Disposal of domestic waste:

The safe management of human excreta and its related hygienic practice cannot ensure environmental sanitation if safemanagement of domestic waste along with industrial and other types waste is.not ensured. However, the surveyfindings reveal the unawareness of rural people in respect of disposal of domestic waste. According to survey majorityof household (53.5%) throw their domestic waste at any place and 10.2% households throw into water bodies. Only36.4% dispose the domestic waste into fixed place/hole. (See Figure C.6)

Figure: C.6: Disposal of domestic waste

55.4 515

36.4

10.2

• At a fixed place/hole

[ 3 Into the water bodies

[ 1 Any place

Coastal Hilly & StOfly LWTA SWTA ISA

27

Conclusion: The survey finding implicate that most of the surveyed villages demand all types of sanitation coverageintervention. Initially, software activities should be introduced to improve the awareness level of the people of theseareas particularly about the need and benefit of use of hygienic latrine as well as on hygienic practices. Secondly,steps should be taken to ensure suitable number of VSCs in all of the selected villages. Finally the use of hygieniclatrine by the inhabitants of the selected villages must be ensured.

28

Concluding Remarks & Recommendation

The people residing in the surveyed area are basically poor, academically backward and do not have minimum level ofaccess to confirmed safe water supply technology and environmental sanitation.

Nearly 54% households earn per day even less than one US $. The educational background of the people of thesurvey area is very depressing. Only 6.1% crossed 10th standard and 23.9% are illiterate. However, a considerablepercentage of respondents (65.3) were found aware about the factors responsible for diarrhoeal diseases but only35.8% have heard about the issue of arsenic contamination of water.

Even though a sizeable portion of the respondents has diarrhoeal disease related knowledge, still 22.1 % householdshave experienced diarrhoeal incidents within the 30 days preceding to field survey. This reveals the poor WatSansituation of the survey area. For 17710 households less than 2000 hygienic latrines are available and majority male,female and under five children category members of 13.0%, 13.3% and 6.2% use hygienic latrine respectively. Thefindings on hand washing habit also presents a very gloomy scenario. The majority members of only 1.1%, 2.8% and3.8 % households wash both hands with soap before meal, after defecation and after cleaning the bottom of thechildren respectively.

However, in respect to access to water and drinking water related habit the situation of the people living in the surveyarea present far better picture than the sanitation situation. On an average for 83, 54, 24 & 29 persons single functionalsafe point is available in the coastal, hilly &stony, LWTA & SWTA respectively. Nevertheless, this situation can notascribed as real because the presence of other minerals except arsenic, iron and salt are not considered in identifyingthe safe points. Moreover all those water points, which are not tested for arsenic contamination, are identified as safe.There is every possibility that a large number of the non-tested TW/pump are unsafe because 51% tested TW/pumpsare found as unsafe. Moreover the presence of unacceptable level of arsenic contamination in at least one TW/pump isconfirmed in 93% villages where at least one water point is tested for arsenic contamination.

The water-related habits of the people of the surveyed area also present better situation than sanitation related habits.Nearly, 81.4 % households collect water from safe TW/pump/plant for drinking purposes but only 31.8 %, 44.1%, 44.7%and 59% collect water from safe sources for gargling/ mouth washing/ bathing/ Uzu, washing raw vegetables/ fruit,utensil washing and cooking respectively.

All these findings implicate that the surveyed villages demand hardware as well as software intervention like awarenessprogram. The intervention sphere wise recommendations are as follows:

Awareness program:

The awareness program should emphasise on:• Use of safe water for domestic purposes other than drinking which is as important as the use for drinking purposes;• Danger of drinking/ consuming arsenic contaminated water;• Benefit of using alternative water supply technology like; PSF, AIRP, RWHS & Ring/ Dug well;• Boiling water before drinking if water is collected from sources other than TW/pump/plant;• Preserving water for domestic use only in the covered pot and regular cleaning of it;• Importance of using hygienic type latrine by all members of the household for all the time;• The use of a fixed place for defecation by under five children;• Importance of keeping the latrine clean;• Importance of proper washing of both hand with soap after defecation and washing the bottom of children & before

meal;• The disposal of domestic waste at a fixed hole;• Maintaining hygienic environment in the house and surrounding area;• Health benefit as well as economic benefit of using safe water & sanitation;

• Need of community level WatSan movement because mere maintenance of hygienic situation in the householddoes not ensure the improve health if hygienic environment in the entire area is not maintained;

• Importance of shouldering the responsibility of the management of safe water supply and environmental sanitationby the community

Hardware related interventions:

NGO Froum's WatSan hardware related intervention programs should emphasise on:• The testing of water quality of all TW/pump available in the selected villages before any other type interventions;• The installation of alternative water supply technologies like PSF/ RWHS /Ring/dug well based on the suitability for

the area;• Access to safe water point within 100 feet from the kitchen by every households;• The training of caretaker of the TW/pump/plant to ensure that they have enough skill to ensure proper

maintenance of TW/pump/plant;• Ensuring at least one hygienic latrine for every households• Upgrading the unhygienic latrine to hygienic one if it is technologically and financially viable;• If possible ensuring the existence of at least one VSC in every selected village.

30

Appendix-A

A. General InformationTable A. 1: Location of the Survey area. Population, Sample size end Dlrrhoearlal incidence

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

NGOFRegion

BarisalBarisalBarisal.BarisalCorniilaComiJIaComiilaFaridpurFaridpurFaridptjrKhulnaKhulnaKhulna

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyChittasongSylhet

Concerned PNGO

BIKALPA UNNAYAN KARMASUCHI (BUK1GRAMEEN JANO UNNYAN SONGSTHA (GJUS)PALLI PUNARGATHAN CLUB (PPC)ESKANDAR WELFARE FOUNDATION fEWFlSOCIETY FOR U^ew* AAD RURAi APVANCEMENT fS J RAJ

TRIEEOI WOMEN & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCiATlOV

UNNAYAN POR1KOLPONAY MANUSH [UPOMAISTARANKUR POLLY UNNAYAN KENDRA (APUK)SARIATPUR DEVELOPMENT SOCIETY (SDSiAGRADUT CLUBPROVATIUTTARAN

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPiroipurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalqoniMadarfpurShariatpurEaqerhatKhulnaSatkhira

INTEGRATED SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT EFFORT <!SDE>PALLI UNNAYAN KENDRA

Cox's BazarMoulvibazar

Hilly S Stony Area as a WholeLow

Low Area as a

Shallow

BograBoqraEloqraBograChitiaqonqCorniilaDhakaDhakaFaridpurJessoreJessoreJessore

WymensinaftMymensingnRajshahiRajshahiRaishahiRajstiahiSylhetDinajpurTansaiiwholeComillaDhakaDhakaDhakaDhakaFaridpurJessoreJessoreJessoreJessoreRangpurRanopurRanqpurRanopurRanopu:SylhetSylhetDinajpurDinajpurTangail

MOTHURA ISLAMIC SHAMAj KAl iYAN ?ARI SOD (MISKFj

SAW PAPflOGRAMME FOR PEOPLES DEVELOPMENT IPPDjAHEAD SOCIAL ORGANIZATION (ASOiPOLLI PROGOTI SANGSTHA (PPS)CHANGEBANGLADESH EXTENTOJ ELXJCA7K3N SERVICE |B£E£|GRAM BIKASH SHAYAK SANGSTHA (GBSSiMOHILA SAMAJ UNNYAN SANGSTHAflURAL ECONOMIC & SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATION

ALOMANOB UNNYAN KENDHARAC-BangladeshADARSHA SAMAJ UHNYAN SONGSTHA (ASUS)COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (CDA)SRIZAN MOHILA SANGSTHA (SMS)PALLI KARMA SAHAYAK SANGSTHA (PKSS)JAGORANI JANO KALLYAN SANSSTHATRIBERTIGHT DEVELOPMENT COUNCILfTDC)SUCHONA SOMAJ KALLYAN SONGSTHAFRIENDS !N VIUAGE DEVELOPMENT BANGLADESH (FIVDBJ

UDBHABONSHEBA

Cev'ELOPMENT INITIATIVE FOR SOCIAL ADVANCEMENT <D-Sfl,\

SAMAJ-O-JATI GATHAN (SAJAG1GRAM KALLYAN SONGATHASOCK) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AGENCY I'SEDAISOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ISDO)AMRA KAJ KORI (AKK!RURAL HE-CONSTRUCTION CENTRE(RRC)ACTION IN DEVELOPMENT {AID)ASSOCIATION FOR SOCIA^ ACTION & IMPROVEMENTPALLI DARIDRA KALLYAN SONGSTHAUDAYAN SWABOLOMBE SANGSTHA (USS)UDDOM SONGSTHA

SWAPNAN; R BAHUMUKHI SAMAJ KAUYAN SCNSSTHA (S8SKS

&ANDHAN BAKJMUKHI SAMAJIK UNWYAN SONS5THA (BBSUS|

ENDEAVOURANIRBAN ADARSHA SAMAJ KALYAN SAMITYDUDUMARI GRAM UNNAYAN SANGSTHA (DGUSJJANANEE SEBA SANGSTHAPROGRESS

BoqraNaoqaortSirajgonjJoypurhalChittaqonoB. BariaGazipurNorshinqdiRaibariChuadanqaKushtiaMeherpurKcslweqonjMvmensinqhNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabqonj

Ra shahiPabnaSunarnqonjD na:purTarpqail

ComillaDhakaMunsh qonjMa-iikc-onjNarayanqoniFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaquraNarailGa band haKuriqramLalmonirhatNilphamariRanqpurHobiconfSylhetPanchagorhThakurqaonJamalpur

Til ana

viehendiqonjSadarRazapurNazirpurDaqan BhuivanSadarSudha^amKotalsparaSadarSadarShoranhhotaDumuriaTala

Union

GabindapurCha'sarniya3uk:aqoanMatibhanga7 No. Ma\C Bhutya4 no Chat rohrta16 no. Char JabbarRamsieelKand-jaTulasarDhansagarMaqufaqhonaKhali Inaqar

ChokoriaKulaura

SadarSadarShahjadpurKhetlalChandanishSadarSreepurPolashPanqsaSadarKumarkhaliSadarBazitpurHaluaghatEadarNahtabariSinqraCrcapainawabqanCharghatSadarSadarBirarnpurMoohupur

ChandinaDhatnraiSreenagarGhiorSadarSadarJifcorgadraSadarSadarNarailSaghalaRajarhalKaliqoniJaldhakaKawniaChunaruqhatJokigohjSadarSadarSadar

FasfiiakhaliStiarifpur

NamuzaTilokpurPotazjaBarataraHashimpurSahilpurBorrniJinardiMajbariPadrrabilaSh:laidariAmjhupiKoylagGazirvitaKaliara GobraqaliKala-npurKolcrrRanihatiNimparaDogachhiPaschim PaqlaKhanpurDopakhaN

BorkoilSanoraBaraikhaliBaliakhoraKashipurNorth ChandGanqanandacurPadmakor7noMoghiSheikh HatiGuridahaChakEr PasharClrandraptrShoulmariKurshamari5 No.ShadekpurBfroshreeDhakkamaraSalandorShahbaipur

Sample village

WestTeluliaWesi CharsamaiyaSukfaqoanMa.nmudkandaSalaam NaqarChar RohJtaChar JabbarRajapurShreenalhdiDakkhin GoaldiRaiapurBelagramKhali Inaqar

Razar3il NoyaparaMonoharpur

BamonparaKadoyaGonqaprosadBarataraHashimpurHonnadiBekast^hara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhqramRaqhunathptirRahaylaGabrakhaliHalkundoleeGaqlajaniKiot-esh ChandrapurDhjTiihayatpurKnare-bariRachakaotapurSnatrurnardonBarkonaDopakhall

BorkoitDeonaiBaroiktialiPukhuriaNarashuodapurMonsijrabadAtliaAchinianaoarBara KhariSheikh MatiMatharparaChaki Pashar PaHiakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunaqaonShahbaipur

Shallow Area as a wholeTolalSurvevArea ...';."•;"•-•.

Information ol theentire seleded

village

TolalHH

50O0447i 2 2

2 S3£54

425065060S784280

1298541544

1S5715O0365865276427290330

3500265324312300478650310500361257620437347268405

2700340350

t«67575412

1240315357357381265269TOO340393321484565261283505980900

392340426

Totalpopulation

150002227205013181464

22730520031704205144!645625172167

6994535002167566712762319'7502000

14700143915051433162933203250139243001867141437251925208212003105

1800016251000

7625834502072682013831851163926571254'•11435561355317016023200255216961682351055004500

54S12206482

Information of the portion oi the villageselected for WatSan program

Population

M

790642610591571730

1015757696624904669520

9121618788

1406572791750

10O0902557555596716523609638

1200680643987663815554

12031300720398

17472738694840637735764

1015602540745577915666395656747761550917673

1482742826

F

730602550556620698935714713574509557542

B30O

aa2726

16085817536507006335716656666814744925979O0629600963512567366901

1700509401

15991877710825596916689925534467683573900728645640721643596

10006C9

1448240381

<5

299338110171273299275219214243199169112

2921210295505125

78350300195311195181106154153157400558171375257160280375550159106

569S2161362421002003212651531071382C5230186290206228273330125130

4138132S0

Total

161915621270131814641727S225169016251441161213951174

20342171016093519127816221750200019301439150514331503115112541392250016671414232514321842120024793550138890S

3915918311540190713331651177422051294111416161355204516022120150216961682147620421412

3344796467

Household

Total

321300270293254323325309300260324300288

3837298304602276276290280336265324312275278270310310381257335325307268300312290311

69383253403403153573203152852693£1340300321325329261283285325327

62S317710

having<5

children162245

8096

152222189184151194152142

992088

1101032139978

25015016919777

12792

125109138200219156250214145

6575

26538

10433S2

20110216210O13019317112991

147185197175250176183180250105105

32328875

Information regarding incidence ofDiarrhoea withtn last one month

No. ofsurveyedsample

HH

32302729253233313028323029

386303060282829283427323.282827313138263933312730312935

6973234343236323233273234303233332628293333

6351780

HH%experien

ceddiarrhoe

a

3.16.711.113.828.021.969.732.310.025.015.646.727.624.240.046.743.317.932.10.03.6

44.125.912.535.521.47.118.522.66.57.93.8

20.512.16.53.7

23.36.5

10.358.117.653.114.732.46.3

38.940.69.40.0

37.012.55.910 037.560.639.426.917.910.315.26.1

23,822.1

% of populationexperienced

diarrhoea

5>

0.60.60.02.32.21.37.77.01.63.84.69.37.23.88.57.58.0£.28.10.00.06.32.01.36.03.51.02.32.21.42.20.02.42.90.60.03.21.71.6

15.53.1

11.13.46.70.75.93.70.80.06.54.20.61.8

10.78.07.32.81.42.41.40.64.23.S

<5

0.02.9

)5.04.5

21.145.052.323.515.814.3

0.037.521.420.415.828.621.96.30.00.05.9

34.527.326.722.735.7

7.125.022.2

0.05.64.3

15.45.65.6

11.112.9

0.04.3

43.813.150.0

0.08.34.6

25.033.3

7.70.0

40.020.012.5

9.118.832.627.316.716.73.8

16.75.9

18.617.1

Tabfe A .2: Principal earning source and yearly earning wise percentage

Hydra- geologicalArea

Coastal

Coastal Area as a

HBf i Stony

M l y i Stony Area

Low Area

Lour Area as a Wht

Shaltow Area

District

Barisal3holaJhatokaS^oipurFenfLaxmipurWsakhaSGopalgorJr/adaripurShariatourBaqertia!Khu'iaSatkniraVMeCox's BazarMrjutvibaza.'as a WholeBograNaoqaonSiajgonj^D'rDUftiatCliteqonqB EiariaGazicorNorshinodi

RajbaiiChuacanqaKush'iaMeierporJvs-anegoniM':rnensir>ghNe:rc'.cnaS-:=rpjrNa-areNbwatoori|FaishaiiPaonaSuramqoniCinair>JrTanqa:l

Sampa Village

* s ! TetjiiaiVe=* O-arsamaiyaSukiaaaanMa-rudkandaSalam NaqarCha- RcfiitaCha'JabbarRajapjrSnreer^tndiDaktehin GoaJdiRajapurBeiagramKhaiilnaoar

Rarar Bil NoyaparaMonsharpur

BamonparaKadoyaGoncjaprosadBarataraHashimpjrHoriryadiBekaahahara GararonCharparaKrynorpurSuodiaMazhgramRaqhunathpurRataylaGabrakhaliHatkundrjleeGaqlajaniMohesh C'lancrapurOhumihayatpurtoarerbariRaohakantapuiShatumardonBarkonaDopaihali

leC o r *DhateMiinsninonjMarikcwnf

NarajangKijFaricfcwrJessoreJhanaida^MaquraNaraiiSaibanonaKuriqramLalmonrrhaiNilpiiamariRanqpufHorxionj

SylhetPa-:naqorhTfiakuroacnJarrelpjr

Bor ir iDesna:6a.-o*-ialiPukhuriaNarasJiuncaDurVicisurabadAli.a£cmtanaqarBara KhariSheikh Hatf/atharparaCnakir Pashaf PathakNoit- Batlrish bazariKazipa'sShit,ShacekpurBorchaaa•vaziaaraBorunaaacT;Shahtijour

Sallow Area as a WholeTotal Survey Area

HHno.

2213032702932S43233253093002B0324330288

388729B30460227627629028033826532431227527827031G3103812573S53253u72S8300312290311

693332=-34C34G3 ' 54573203152352693213'030032132532S2612832S5325327

626317710

Pr raps l eamir>g sources

Agriculture

m%23312656

y-332765531952313838343636212441

Si35165549636321362626333C56'6347£8

163138372437515S41537043602923171753V9

•3

40323737

daily labour

HH1427273S13272535

919379

4230265043172;347

184166141632212257235713

1128293711423134303222

11611

3017

5

240

41574740223735316

o~2729

RsftreJatedac*ites

HK%31126425630C

10i

3. . T

0003005000108

a1

3000030052513

186

10700005031

00700033

Business*ccmractorship

HH%0

127

12119

127

16IS77

10103c

t211232

112S53644

11

S107

1023131

21!3695

271

126

a176

;317

4c

1145

IE1223

a9

9

Rickshaw.' va?Vpusrr-srt.1

bcfifpuiing icar driving

101295

1311121

21510141610365

? n

3418295

220651

3472

163

S740

121011

142

273T

178

1275

187

121111

c

1235500

1311

Working inWhefshouse

007003200

c1

33100000700232000030100

scn6261061

C0G30100u3

1G

C7230021

Potieiing

Km00000000000330000000000000000002000

c33000000

cG00000000

cG0080000

Black-smWng

HH%00300

00000001000u0000000000003000000101

c300000000I]

2310000000G00

GolrJ-smithing

HH%000000G301

0000000

c000000000000

cc0

030012

0CG30000002C13000000000

Service

S56

1013524

8131110

773S

1G4749

5941

111

3667

1396

16154

61319Ti

1420346

12223664b7

71

077

Others

Hrfii3

00

82

121

001123

5400002

C71£

0460000002O0

061

000000000

1300024L

1500022

Yearl

HH%12.50.0

11.10.0G.C8.0

53.029.00.00.03.20.00.08.5CO

39 317 J64 ;2.90.09.43.2

22.20.0

23.6C.C9.7

7.950.-3

7.70.03.20.0

13.36.5

17.2CO

12 53.12 3

23.40.00.03.10.C0.0

11.850.061.866.758.16.1

1;,600

53 6343.06.1

18.63.3

55.228.S14.4

earning wise HH % (in thousand taka j

10-15

HH%4C.63 j

22257.20.09.4

18.856.110.C10.70.0O.C

13316.11797.1

17J25.05.9

15.622.622.235.714851.G22 631226 941.09.1

25.829.646.7O.C3.1

22 622 4

9.40.05.9

3'.30.0

71.315.6CC7.4

25.032.426.725.660.613.8

3 317924 136.4

78.826.126.741.433.9217

15-20

HH%1881CG18527.60.0

29.118.86.5

16.732.19.7

16.713.816.835-721.413 f10.7

5.922.225.016.17.4

35.7

11.11S-416.15.37.7

28.215.212.90.0

13.39.7

24.11S.116.415 58.82.9

28.11 T.I15.656318 551915.62.93.39.7

21.221.923.136

13827.3

9.119.313.33.43.5

17.2

20-25

HH%9.4

40.022.217.226.012.5S.46.5

16-728 641.923.06.9

19.717.921.4

13.B0.0

11.829.618.832.314.87.1

14.83.2

29.034.27.77.7

45.545 240.713.36.5

24.138.721.021.955.926.56.32.83.1

15.645.518.53.12.9C.C3.33.33.1

26.90.0

20.715.200

13.616-70.0i i

17.6

25>

HH%13.816.725.937.!72.05B.C3.10.0

56.728.645.263^65.S38.=

28.61C.737.S0.0

73.537.03?.;25.i33.321.429.625 i22.618.47.7

15.430.;12.929.613.377.431.01S.427.750032435.334.436.1

6.312.56.1746 3CO3.36.59.1

15.646.22;.O

, _ 37.918.26.1

22.443.00.0

20.328,0

Table A.3: Educational Background

Hydro-geological Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample village

West TetuliaWest ClwsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NaqarChar RohitaCharJabbarRajapurShreenalhdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagramKhalilnaqar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajqonjJoypurhalChiuagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymonfiinqhNetrokonaShorpurNatoreNowabqoniRajshahiPabnaSunarriqonjDinajpurTangail

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBaraiaraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohe$h Chandrapur

DhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikqorijNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKuriqramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanaqarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaGhakir Pashar Pathak

North Baltrish Hazari

KaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbaipur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Total 5>population(Cal (ram10% HH)

166169144128137158207143129130174133125

194316-1161325115124159140222150

154149141101

129139139180107168140170118157172

127

142

3343171174194145238161121

153129

120167111

149125151144142123146180

30448655

Educational background of 5> (population wise %)

Illiterate

P 5>%25.318.97.66.316.115.816.429.411.619.28.630.123.217.531.123.027.114.821.023.96.45.926.05.219.567,421.835.726.622.313.946.752.4

20.035.652.227.918.124.626.0?4.020.79.8

19.34.6

44.123.120.923.320.029.318.020.138.443.027.147.923.619.941.725.423.9

Can signonly

P 5>%12.050.312.520.336.526.641.126.622.518.543.138.327.229.721.319.920.640.016.138.442.123.447.327.321.515.638.620.946.052.526.139.316.739.341.218.633.837.83B.635.232.621.137.420.643.424.B25.519.020.334.124.251.531.538.332.07.3

22.914.122.045.214.427.329.6

Upto 5thstandard

P%56.023.133.335.99.5

39.932.4

23.135.740.819.09.016.029.133.532.933.219.132.39.419.322.114.034.430.26.410.9S4.012.220.134.46.515.520,012.49.39.611.616.516.918.020.925.930.911.723.524.238.828.127.928.310.237.812.89.627.825.014.126.819.218.323.222.9

6th-10thstandard

P%4.87.7

36.12B.130.713.98.212.620.920.019.021.122.418.08.519.313.8

r 21.726.619.528.634.29.3

25.317.47.115.816.314.45.0

22.85.613.712.923.521.23.815.715.017.617.614.012.124.218.631.96.218.220.813.219.26.012.622.111.214.616.714,813.89.614.416.517.2

SSC/itsequivalent

P%0.60.08.37.0

2.91.91.04.23.10.84,01.58.03.11.22.51.81.72.4

4.42.17.72.05.24,02.15.00.80.7

0.02.20.00.64.32.46.80.65.28.7

4.23.35.83.46.73.410.10.00.0

2.60.8

5.01.80.0

1.33.24.64.20.07.3

4.18.3

4.03.4

HSC/itsequivalent

P%0.60.01.4

1.61.51.91.02.13.10.81.70.02.41.31.2

0.60.91.71.62.50.74.10.01.94.71.4

6.91.60.0

0.00.60.00.61.40.66.80.01.72.41.41.84.70.0

5.23.43.40.00.0

1.30.82.50.60.02.73.22.01.42.11.6

1.42.2

2.01.7

Graduation/its

equivalent

P%0.00.00.7

0.82.90.00.0

1.41.60.02.90.00.80.80.61.91.20.90.00.60.72.31.30.62.70.01.00.80.0

0.00.00.90.60.00.00.80.00.00.80.00.62.90.6

2.10.01.30.00.8

0.00.0

0.80.60.0

2.02.40.00.00.74.9

0.70.0

1.00.8

PostGraduation

/itsequivalent

P%0.60.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.71.60.01.70.00.00.40.6

0.00.30.00.01.30.00,00.00.00.0

o.o0.00.00.0

0.00.00.9

0.00.0

o.o0.80.00.00.00.00.10.60.00.50.0

0.40.00.00.0o.o0.00.0o.o0.00.00.70.70.00.0

0.00.6

0.20.2

Others

P%0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

o.o0.00.00.01.80.00.90.00.00.00.00.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

i O 0 _0.00.0

0.0

o.o0.00.0o.o0.00.00.00.70.00.02.16.30.0

0.00.0

0.40.2

Table A.4: WatSan Knowledt

Hydro-

geological

Area

Coastal

District

Barisal

BholaJhalokati

PirojpurFeni

j_axmipurNoakhaliGopalgonj

Madaripur

Shariatpur

BagerhatKhulna

Satkhira

e

Sample Village

West Tetulia

West CharsamaiyaSuktagoan

MahmudkandaSalam Nagar

Char Rohita

CharJabbarRajapur

Shreenathdi

Dakkhin GoaldiRajapur

Betagram

KhalilnagarCoastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's Bazar

Moulvibazar

Hilly & Stony Area as a Who

Low

Bogra

Naogaon

SirajgonjJoypurhatChittagong

B. BariaGazipur

NorshingdRajbari

Chuadanga

Kushtia

MeherpurKishoregonj

MymensinghNetrokona

Sherpur

Natore

NowabgonjRajshahi

PabnaSunamgonj

DinajpurTangail

Razar Bil Noyapara

Monohapur

eBamonpara

KadoyaGongaprosad

BarataraHasliimpur

HorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpur

Subdia

MazhgramRaghunathpur

Rahayla

GabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaylajani

Mohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpur

KharerbariRadhakantapur

Shatrumardon

BarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonj

Manikgon

NarayangonjFaridpur

JessoreJhanaidahMagura

Narail

GaibandhaKurigram

LalmonirhatNilphamari

RangpurHobigonj

SylhetPanchagorh

Thakurgaon

Jamalpur

Borkoit

DeonaiBaroikhali

PukhuriaNaiashundapur

Monsurabad

Atlia

AchintanagarBara Khari

Sheikh Hati

Matharpara

Chakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish Hazari

Kazipara

ShibuShadekpur

BorchaliaKazipara

Borunagaon

ShahbajpurShallow area as a whole

Total Survey Area

Diseases Occur (due to use of unsafe Water and improper Sanitation)Can Name the disease

Diarrhoea

HH%81.396.7

85.2

65.564.068.8

100.090.3

40.021.4

96.9

30.0

61.5

70.136.7

53.3

45.057.1

92.9100.0

92.961.8

96.375.0

58.157.146.4

11.5

35.5

51.678.9

23.113.2

66.780.6

59.383.3

61.3

93.154.862.9

93.8

76.597.1

81.325.0

56.390.3

87.988.9

50.039.4

90.0

100.018.2

39.453.8

32,055.2

97.066.7

67.0

65.3

Dysentery

HH%3.10.0

33.3

20.756.015.628.1

12.9

16.70.0

46.9

6.738.5

20.820.0

46.7

33.314.3

46.4100.057.1

41.233.3

21.932.3

28.6

7.1| _ 3.8

3.23.2

36.8

3.8, _ 5.3

21.248.4

25.936.7

3.220.7

19.426.6

62.529.4

61.8

46.916.7

3.19.7

21.244.4

6.36.166.7

12.518.2

15.23.84.0

41.4

66.718.2

27.9

26.1

Typhoid

HH%0.00.07.43.44,00.03.13.23.33.60.00.03.82.33.310.06.70.00.00.00.08.818.59.43.20.07.10.06.50.02.63.80.00.00.03.70.00.00.00.02.750.0

5.911.8

0.00.03.10.00.00.00.00.03.33.10.03.00.00.0

31.0

30.30.07.14,4

Jaundice

HH%3.10.07.40.04.00.03.10.03.30.00.00.00.01.63.36.75.00.00.00.00.00.03.76.30.03.60.00.00.00.02.60.00.09.10.00.00,00.06.90.01.4

25.05.98.80.00.03.10.03.00.00.00.06.70.00.03.00.00.010.3

3.00.03.52.3

s)

Skin Diseases

HH%0.00.011.13.40.0

31.36.30.00.00.00.0

26.7

11.57.013.3

16.7

15.03.6

28.662.10.014,7

29,6

6,322.6

0.010.7

3.86.53.215.8

0.00.03.0

64,518.5

23.30.013.8

0.014.2

87,529.4

58.8

3.155.6

0,019.4

18.2,_ 18.5

6.36.1

26.79.46.13.019.2

0.00.03.03.0

19.2

14.5

Worm

HH%0.00.011.1

0.00.00.00.0

29.0

0.00.00.00.03.83.40.00.00.00.014.317.20.05.9

22.2

0.06.50_0_0.00.03.20.018.4

0.0

_?JL_|15,2

6.511,1

3.30.06.93.26.031.3

0.023.5

6.32.80.00.00.00.00.06.13.30.00.00.00.00.017.2

3.00.04.84.8

Other

HH%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.30.01.70.00.00.00.02.90.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.1

Have no idea atall

HH%18.8

3.37.4

27.636.031.30.09.7

60.075.0

3.156.7

30.827.1

53.3

36.7

45.042.9

3.60.07.1

29.43.7

25.032.3

42.9

50.088.5

64.548.4

18.469.2

86.833.3

6,537.0

16.738.7

0.041.934.4

0.023.52.918,841.7

43,89.79.111.1

50.0

60.66.70.0

75.860.6

34.668.0

44.80.0

21.228.9

31.2

Know the HarmfulEffect of Drinking

ArsenicContaminated

Water

HH%15.626.7

48.1

44.875.018.8

29.00.0

26.77.1

25.0

66.751.7

32.5

3.343.3

23.328.6

21.458.6

39.334.477.8

46.941.9

28.635.7

11.1

29.09.7

78.9

11.5

17.960.667.7

48.1

3.332.321.4

12.9

36.054.8

35.364.7

40.6

61.1

15.671.9

62.533.3

21.9

2.930.0

18.8

21,245.5

42.321.4

13.863,6

45.538.7

35.8

B. Access to Safe Water Supply and Water related habits:

Table B 1.5: Water Supplying Hardware Status-TW and Pump (Point/Unit wise)

Hydra-geologicalArea

Ccastaf

Coastal Area as a W

Hilly S Starry

Hilly & Stony Area a

Low Area

Low Area as a W

StaffqwArea

DfeMct

BanalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipur

NsakhaliGopalCHH1

Madanpur

SKa-atp^rBaqerhatKhuina

Satkr-irahofe

Cox's BazaryoiAibazar

s a Whole

BograNaooaonSu2jfloni

JcvourhatChitlaqoneB. BariaGazipurND'ShirqdiBajba'iChuaclapqaKushtiaMeherpurKishoreqonfWymensinqhNetrc<onaSherpur

NatoreNowabqonflaishahi

PabnaSur^amcwniDinajpurTangailholeCorrillaDhakaMunshiqonManikqonNarav'anqo.ncaridpL-rJessoreJhanaidah

Mas-LiraNarailGaibarcdhaKurtpramLalmonirhal

Nilphama.nRanqpurHobiqonjSylhe!Paichaqortr^ la^rc.sonJama'our

Sample Village

West Telufa

West CnarsamaivaSjktacoan

fviahm.-dkancaS=la- Masar

CharRohitaChar Jatoar

Ra,apjrShreenattitfi

Dakkhin GoaldiRajapLT

BeiapramKhali: naqar

Fteza-1 3il Noyapara"onoharpur

iamonoaraKadova

GonqaprosadBarataraHastiimpur

HoJinad:

BekasrararaGararonCharpsraKomcpurSubdiaMazhqram

RaqhmairpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkurdoleeSaqlaia.ii

*.1ohesh ChandrapurOhumihavatpirKharertari

RadhakantapurShairumardonBarkonaDcpafcnali

BorkoilDeonai

BaroikhaliPiAiLria

Narashundapur.!jr=jrab-ada.tlia

Achntanagar3a'a KnaiiSheikh Maliniatia'para

Chakir Pasha- Paihak

J o n Battrish HajariKaziparaSnibuSfiadexpur

BorchaliaKaziparaBo'unaqaonShahoaiPL-r

Sallow Area as a WtioJe

Total Survey Area

Sa/kmTWiho-STW)

Functional

23

6345027148271057148497524696122

m•29

',5854

500725:

14Sso13112

36271191151366615212

16489

2059

74125133I K

9010712S

157563641

77213397714

229563

1656

4310

O/sfjnc:ional

No.408

14j l

09

'53400

1S7349621841

20

ei5536i

6305531

00319201432212311406145270

02231510

1013S3

Comerswn Pu:r D [sami

deep-set)

Furctonal

No.C000

a00000000D0000000006200a0a000o000008070000000000rj00o00000000

70

Dysfunctional

Mo.00000000

00

D

G00

0

00

00

000015000000000rj

0D000015000000000000000000aaa15

Tara (deep seijpunp

Furctonal

Nc3333•30000000000221

4

2

3012

402

a051303000000390

•o00000000000000000181859

Dysfunctonal

No.350t)000000000000D22420021001

001030000C112001a00000o000000000023

23

DeepTW

Functional

No.S153C2

1514913

10033

S6

000

000

01

000000000000000220503I15000rj

rj0

0000

aa ,aaa11102

DysfiincEiona'

Mo.01

1

a00000000020000000002000100000000c0

cc3accaaaaaaaaaaaa1aa00iG

Other TW.'Pump

Fureton-al

No.0

a0aC00

aaaaaaaaa0a0a00000700000000000000700

000

0000

00

030rj141

000

a4552

Dysfunctional

Mo-0000000000000000000000000200000060000000B000000orj

00

oo3aaaaa0a311

Total TWSPump

Functional

No.2916113452172123968105814653552481001231041331615551647656151641921737X119118140751521417489

2197

7=128105110951D7

131126

56964177

51331116

113

29581

17424S24

9455716310091619795Z9299879543668695%8887

93739392969197

8597S68998

9910010082M8^92

97

9890979988rco95SO95959286iBO98736417500989491

Dysfunctional

No-413143102153405

89316

52.20^52S84

24657

663

514

3200320211S123123i

140614527802381512

108440

%12E

452937093335aa1

13

613414

5412137277

aA

93

153141121

00IS1313g321031120523E5a14022736S302&9

Table B1.2 Water Supply Hardware Status-plant (Point/Unit wise)

Hydro-geological Area

^oasta!

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly S Stony

H i l l y * Stony Area ass Whole

Low A tea

Low Area as a Whole

Shallow Area

Qcjricl

iadsalHiolalhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoaktialiGopalgonjMadaiipurShariatpurBaqerfia!KnulnaSaikffina

Zox's Bazardojivibazar

BooraMaoqaonSirajgonjJoypurriatCWagcrgB.BariaGazipurNcrshirKfdiRajbariChuadanqaKushtiaMetierpurKistiofegonjrVtymensinghNshokonaSherpurNatoreMcwabponjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDi.najpurTar pail

ConillaD.iskaMunshigonjManiktjonjNarayanoorjFaridpurJess™J.ianaidahMaguraNarailGarbandhaKuriqramLalmonirhatNiiphamariRartgptirHobigonjSylhetPanchagortiThakurgaonJamalpur

Sample Village

WestTetuliaWest ChaisamaiyaSuktaqoanWaJimudka-idaSalam NagarCha-BohitaCha.'JabtarRajapujShieenathdiOakkhin GoaMiRajapurtetagramKhalilnagar

Razar Bil NoyapafaMonoharpur

SamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBaraiaraHasNrnpufHonnadiBs-ashahara Ga'aronCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaqhunainpuiHadaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMorssh ChandrarxjrDrumnayatpurKnars'bariRacha«antaourEharrynardonBarkor-aDopakhali

BorkoilDeonaiBaroiWianPukhuriaNaiashundapurMonsu/abadAfyAciintanaqarBara <hariSheik-i HatiMatharparaChakir Pasta PalhakNorth Batlrish HazatiKaziparaShibuShadekpu;BcrchaliaKajiparaBoruraqaonShahbsjpur

Sallow Area as a WlioleTotaJ Surrey Ama

Rinp/Xg Well

FuncGonaF

fto.00000000000

01000000000000010000004900001400000020000000000]

00318

Dystinciional

No-00000C0000000000000000000010000000100000200000000000000000000D2

RWHS

Functional

No.10000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000070000000D000078

Dysfunctional

No.00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

a

AIRP

Functional

No.0000000000000000D00200000000I0000000000030000000000000000000003

Dysfunctional

Ha.0

a00000000000D00D000000000a0000000000000

a0000000000000000000000

PSF

Functional

No.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000022

Dysfunctional

No.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Total Plant

Functional

No.100000000001020000020000000110000049000017000000290000000001001231

%100000000000000

1000000000 .000000

10010000000BO1000000«900000000000000000

10000

10094

Dysfuncftofial

No.0000000000010D00

a004000000f00000001000002000000218000000000000

a2

It00000000000000000000000000

10000000002000000110000000000000000000006

Table B 2.1: Coll

Hydro-geological Area

Coastal

Coastal Area as a Whole

H'llylStony

Hii lyiSionyAreaasaV

Low Area

Low Area as a Whole

Snallow Area

set on Sourci

Distrct •

Ba.nsal

JhaiokaiiPiropjrrenLajmipurNoakttalrGopalgonjMadanpurSKa.'iatourBagerhatKhu naSatkhlra

Ccxs BazarMou vioazar

VhdeBograNaogacnSirajgonJoypur Id

ChittaqonqB. EJana

Gaz ourNorshingdiRaibaHChuadangaKusitiaMeferpurKishcregonjMynens'nqhNetrokonaSherpurNatore

flaji laH~' '1hi

PaonaSunamqoniDinajpurTanga

ComillaDhakaMunshMan

gon|kgu i

Narayangonj-ardpurJessoreJhar aidahMaguraNararGaibar dhaKuiqramLalrr onimatNilphaman

SylhetPanchagcrh

JamalpurSallow Area as a Whole

i of the Existing

Sample Village

West Telulla

SiktagoanVanrudkanda^alarn NaqarChar HoniJaChar JabbarRaaDurSnreenalhrjiDakkhin GoakSRajaptirBetagramKnalilnaqar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMononarpur

BamonparaKadoyaGonqaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiESekashahara GsraronC'fiarparaKomorpurSibdiaMazngramHaghunathpurHahaylaGabrakriaBHatkurxloteeGaqlajaniMohesh Chandrapu'Dhumihava'purKharerbariKadhakaniapu;ShatrumardontiaftonaLtopakhali

BorkoitDewiaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarasbundapurMonsurahadAiliaAchintanaqarBara KhanSheikh HatiMatba'paraChakir Hasbar HaitiakNorth BatsnsbHazariKaspara

irfisdekpurBe-=haiiaKaz para

Shihbajpur

Total Survey Area

Water Supply Hard ware-Tube wel(/pump(s) (Poirrt/Unit wise}

Wa.-kEt

No.IB

63672

081

7363

0• 40

1414S1

44BO

12412793

103

1744731

56042

143

47150

4~332d

124110

£-3147

0161101

195464

1161019434

102124936189

672120

00

u

6215124047

%67

50758S

089

38634

0653579SO•34

S39189799676

57160767B928096

279263

10093

3197

0

saS339B491

BeB49264937587SB

0803161

000

98

it,66

S TW Ino6)Govt

No

212921

161112u

158

952

11

1312112686

184

151212117

110

1203

65

1522

r232

106587

13

4""51

912

~~717

92115

0

532

%26

132511

10011551316i)

A5

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12

9a

1i20

41033

4in22

a194

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3801

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11135

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uuuu00000

0d

41)

0—fi-"-fl

uuuu00

u0000(t

400L>0

uu

uu0

0

b1

Other NGO

Ho.0

000500100

o470

bib660i00

dddd000

400

——500000100000

00D

060000

0

dd

o4s

b

if00

330

b8000

ds00

00000

100

000

babQ00

00

1 B0000

130

ac000

6000

dd00

50050

97

Table B 2Hydirj-

geo»gjcal

Area

Joaslal

.2: Collection Source of the Existing Water Supply Hardware-Plant(s) (Point/Unit wise

DisWd

BarisalBho aJhaokal!->iroFerLaxmirjjr

Gopa°gonjNtadanpurSharialpuiBagertiatKhulnaSatkWra

1 Cox's Baza/Hl'ly &. Siony JMoulvibazar

Low Area

Low Area as

aograNaoqaonSJrajqonjJoypurhatUhiTiaqonqi. tiariaGazipurNorshinqdiRajbanCnuaaanga

Menerpur

Mymensinah

Sherpur

^wabqonj.HaishaJiiPabna3ur>3TigoniDiraipu/: anoailWhole

CC-TII la

Dha^aMunshigoniManikccni•varayanqonjFandpu-

JnanaicahV'aqura\ a railGaiDarchaKung;amLalmonirhatMlDhamanPanqpurKob qonj

Panchaqorh. haku-rqaonJa-nalpuf

Total Survey Area

Sample Village

West 1 etidaWest CharsamaiyaSuktaqoanMahmudkandaSalam Naga*Ohar HohiSa

RajaourShreenathdiDakkhm UoalcSRajapurBeraqra.TiKiiahmagar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonciarpur

BamonDaraKadoyaGonqapfosadBarataraHasniraurHovinadiBekashahaia UsraronOiarparaKomorpurSubdia

Faq.-iunathpur

Gabrakhali

Uaolaiani

UhumihayalpurKharerbariRadJiakantepufShatrumardonBaikonaDopakhali

BoikoitDeonaiBatrikhaliKuWiunaNarashundapurMonsirrabsdAtliaAchinianaqarBara KhanSheikti HatiMa:harparaChakir Pashar PathakNorlh Bartrisn HazariKaziparaShibuShadetourBcrchaliaKazparaBorunagaonShahba|pur

RWHS

Market

No.000000

00

600

to

toto

tototototo0

b001}

B

B

B

— B000

00000IJ

0000000

0

00

00000

0

%

to0

totototo

0

aa0

600

00

000000

6to

5

5

—o—if

0

a00G0G-G1

a\i000

aa0

aaaaaaaa0

aa

Govt

No.00000

0

00

6toto6b0

aa00000000

B

—o

—o

B0

60

toto0000

Q0000000000000000

0

to000

01)

tlt l

bI)0

60

6

000000

00

u0

0

u

u

tl0

bb0

a00t)

ati0

ati(j

abbatia0ti

a0

a0

0

NGOF

No.1

aD000

000

000

0

toto0

tototototoaaa5

5

if

0000

b00000U00

0700

fl0

0000

B0

0

s

%1G0

00000

aaaaa6

0

d

000

0000000

5

5

5

000

0toto0tototototototo

1C-0

0tototo

tototototo0to

100

OhetHGO

No.

aaarj

a0

0

0000

6

0

B

00IJ

u0000

0

—a—o

—o

—o0

a0

ato0333D3

totototo0

toto

tototo•3

a0

a

%00000

0

000

00

to0

6

0

tototototo0

tototo

a"

s

if

aaaaa0-3

aat>

aaa•3

aaaa

a•3

aaaaa

AIAP

Market

No.

aaaaa0

000

00

fl0

0

00000000IJ

u

u

o

o

g000

000000i j

000

uuu

0

00u000

0

%

aaaai)

a00i)

00

b

0

0

000

000000'J

0

0

u

u0

u00000000000000

u0

000000

0

Goal

No.000000

000000

0

u

000

0000000

0

0

0

000

000000000IJ

0000IJ

0

000

"B0

c0

%

u0

u0

uu

00

u000

0IJ

0

u000000

u0

IJ

IJ

ou0

00000

utou000

00

u0u00IJ

00

u0

u0

ll

NGOF

No.00000

0

000000

00

002

to0IJ

IJ

000

1

0

0

0000

003000

b00

000L)

6000000000

3

I)

aI)

atl

aaaI)

000

0

0

0D

1000Li0ll0LI0

1UU

—B

—B

—B06Ll0t)

100t)0

aLl0

a0

a(J

oaa0

(J

a

a'J0(J

aItXJ

Other N'GO

No.0

aaaa5

aaaaa• "

aaG0

aaaaa-3

aa

—if

0

a

—ifaaa03

aaaa(j

0000000000000000

0

%000

btob

to0

totototo

toto

0

tototo0000u0

0

0

IJ

uto000000

000000000

a0aaaaaaaaa

PSF

Private

No000000

0

00u00

—o0

B

00

b000000

0

•5

B

B000

b0u0

a00aa•i

toto0

to0

0000000

0

%

u0

u0

uu

u00IJ00

00

ubu0

uuu0

uLl

—B

o6

—BLl

bu0L-0I)

aati0(J00'J00u00

0

uu

uu

11

Gcvt

No.0

u0000

0

u0

u0b

tob

00000

00000

0

B

B

— oc00C1

00

oaantoatototo000000

00000

0

%000000

0

00000

0

toto00

to000000

u

—B

—B

—B0

b000000

oI'

ca0

a0

ato0000

• 0

0000

0

NGOF

No.O

aaaaaaaaaa• j

aaaaaaaaa000

0

—5

—B

—B0000u00

00Ll00

020

aaQ

0

tototo000

2

%

aG

nti

at;

auaV>j

to

j

a•j

•j

•J

•j

•j

J•j

u

o

o—o

uuu0u0

uUt)

IDU

tun(JtJ

a'J00'J0u0IJ

IJ

\w

Other NGO

Mo.

a

aaa0

to00

a00

—o0

00

toto00

tototo0

—B

—B

—B

—B0

60

000

aaaaaaa0000

uuL)t)LJL!LI

ll

%0000

d0

0L)

1I)L)

b

b0

B

TfcGG0

3

a

•3

0

0

0000000u00LJ00GGGL:33

•3

0a

a0tototo

0

F»D WellPrivate

No.0

00060

0

~bba

aaaaaa0

a0000

0

B

—B

D

00

b0

150

baaaa00

to0

o|o

U

u0u1LlV

\1

%t)

ai)Li

5t)

t)I)

atl

IWJ

a—g

au0u0

uuLJU0

IUU

0

o

0

~mIUU

0t)0

aaa0•3

a0

uu0u0

6uuul)LlI)

IUULltl

K

Govt

No.0aataaacg

i.

0

00

000

00

c60

b0

—B

0

aaaaaa0i•300

u0000000000aa0

aaai

%LlLi

t>t

aaat

aa

00

0

L

L

0cuu0uL)

U

0

6I)

ao33ti'JU(JUUUU

u0

u00

U

L>

t l

at)tltlt)

1

NGOF

No.0

c0

aa

a0

cfj

c0

000c0c00b0

D

D

aaaaaa000000000000

6000aaaaaa0

%i)tttcatit

a0

0u

I.

b

LU0LlLl

cLlG1)O

a1

"Tf

—if

—iftl

touu0

tluuuuubi)0

uti

atiaaaati(j

ti

6

Other NGO

No.0

c0000

0a((

r

0

c000000

c00

b

b

aafj

00000uu00002000

b0aaaaa0

ato

2

%0

c0000

0{

60{

{

j

atototo00

c0000

—B

• a

1—if

r aaaaa00000u00

100

000

baaaaaa0

a0

10

Table B.3: Ownership pattern of the Existing Water Supply Hardware- TW/Pump/plant (Point/Unit wise)

Hydro-geological Area

Coastal

District

Barisal

Bhola

jhaiokatiPirojpur

Feni

Laxmipur

Noakhali

Gopalqonj

Madaripur

Shariatpur

Baqerhat

Khulna

Satkhira

Sample Village

West Tetulia

West Charsamaiya

Sjktagoan

Mahmudkanda

Salam Nagar

Char Rohita

Char Jabbar

Rajapur

Shreenathdi

Dakkhin Goaldi

Rajapur

BetagramKhalilnaqar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvi bazar

Razar Bil Noyapara

Monoharpur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low Area

BoqraNaoqaon

Sirajgoni

Joypurhat

Chittagong

B. Baria

Qazipur

Norshinqdi

Rajbari

ChuadangaKushtia

MeherpurKishorequnjMymensingh

Netrokona

Sherpur

NatoreNowabgonj

Rajshahi

Pabna

Sunamgonj

Dinajpur

Tangail

BamonparaKadoya

Gonqaprosad

BarataraHashimpur

HorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpur

Subdia

MazhqramRaqhunathpur

RahaylaGabrakhali

HatkundoleeGaqlajaniMohesh Chandrapur

DhumihayatpurKharerbari

Radhakanlapur

Shalruniardon

Barkona

DopakhaliLow Area as a Whole

Shallow Area

ComillaDhaka

MunshigonjManikqonjNarayangon]

Faridpur

JessoreJhanaidahMagura

NarailGaibandha

Kurigram

LalmonirhatNilphamari

Rangpur

Hobigonj

Sylhet

PanchagorhThakurgaon

Jamalpur

Borkoit

Deonai

BaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapur

MonsurabadAtliaAchintanaqar

Bara Khari

Sheikh Hati

Matharpara

Chakir Pashar Pathak

North Battrish Hazari

Kazipara

Shibu

ShadekpurBorchalia

Kazipara

Borunagaon

ShahbajpurSallow Area as a Whole

Total Survey Area

Private

Owned by single household

No.18143661181

545104112940544671111279310017047317858511382415353314130110112691470

169101

1960

4811910194828611884416532424020108101

28962

14333909

%5562075736353556006587608069738985729375568971818734772587409891799297087928263918683857190645964745068619690698757777

Owned by multiple

householdNo.0040110001912001258013130030002206233700 _j6002500000

10416020516081614025140000000

116291

%0020013000191400890139002000220433190017001800000421020513 .06231403024000000066

Community

No.15151091115153520180228

1939152491733131623021129195152 1

141050117257

2641181114717113791111113103102215321245726

%4588501913886592202103552916151661524725420261962737554010401

1001361114691271482813112613530391100831

251314

Owned by institution

No.0123010254000182247020018105430312110640026014352223411062320024056138

%061060605550003423501002910362083290830023133422226110739200111033

Total

TW/Pump/

Plant

3317204883172338988506314967455971521431101381836355888263158701982038351331211427515217194110

2388

76131117113961211311327010143845933113112218

29683

1850

5064

Table B.4: Distance between kitchen and the TW/Pump/plant from where HH collect water for domestic purposes (feet)

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpiirBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest Charsamaiya

SuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil Noyapara

MonohapurHilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinqhNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBakashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaqhunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh Chandrapur

DhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikqonjNarayanqoniFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaquraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobiqonjSylhetPanchaqorhThakurqaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaCtiakir Pashar Pslhak

North BattrisH Hazarl

KaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunaqaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

TotalSample

HH

32302728253233243028030293482930592828282834273228282827313131263833302330312631

6773234343215313233273234303127322620293333

5971681

Distance between kitchen and the TW/Pump/planl from where HH collect water for domestic purposes(feet)

1-50

HH%9.46.714.857.188.028.124.237.550.078.60.0

43.389.742.848.333.340.771.478.696.4100.070.655.650.067.953.696.470.496.822.638.723.192.157.653.352.286.745.276.967.766.565.676.532.446.926.767.787.584.888.956.373.580.0100.081.593.830.855.086.2100.054.570.962.2

51-100

HH%9.416.73.717.94.015.63.016.710.03.60.016.710.310.610.33.36.8

21.414.33.60.017.618.59.43.6

21.43.60.03.219.425.80.02.618.220.026.110.012.911.519.412.36.38.88.818.820.016.112.56.13.715.620.613.30.07.43.119.25.06.90.0

21.210.611.1

101-150

HH%0.00.00.03.64.09.43.08.36.77.10.06.70.04.06.96.76.80.03.60.00.05.911.13.10.014.30.03.70.06.56.53.82.66.1

20.013.00.0

22.63.86.55.812.55.911.83.16.73.20.06.10.00.00.03.30.00.03.119.215.03.40,00.04.44.9

151-200

HH%3.116.73.710.70.06.36.18.36.70.00.00.00.05.210.33.36.83.60.00.00.00.00.06.33.610.70.014.80.012.96.5

23.10.03.03.34.33.312.97.70.04.93.15.92.99.40.03.20.00.03.712.52.93.30.03.70.03.810.00.00.09.13.74.6

201-250

HH%0.03.30.03.64.09.43.00.00.03.60.00.00.02.30,00.00.03.60.00.00.00.03.73.13.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.63.00.00.00.03.20.00.01.00.00.00.09.40.06.50.00.00.03.10.00.00.00.00.03.85.03.40.00.01.51.4

251-300

HH%0.06.77.43.60.00.09.10.06.73.60.06.70.03.710.36.78.50.00.00.00.00.07.412.510.70.00.00.00.03.216.134.60.06.10.00.00.00.00.03.24.03.10.05.93.113.33.20.00.03.73.12.90.00.07.40.015.410.00.00.09.13.53.9

300+

HH%78.150.070.4

i 3 i > _0.0

31.351.529.220.03.60.0

26.70.0

31.313.846.730.50.03.60.00.05.93.715.610.70.00.011.10.035.56.515.40.06.13.34.30.03.20.03.25.69.42.938.29.4

33.30.00.03.00.09.40.00.00.00.00.07.70.00.00.06.15.511.8

Highest

HH%1500900026805002101200160012001000500

02500

7590001200120012002504006050

600350100050020070

100065600500500250500500

2000200400200900

200010005002000144050030070500300120030020015

30015080030025015

50020009000

Lowest

HH%3030101471010101010055033636525510108510220101012455235523105101551010105

203283

20353320

Table B,5: Safe Water Poini Status (Point/Unit wise)

Hydro^ectogcal

Area

Coastal

Coastal Ares as

Hilly S Stony

Hll jS Stony Are

V

Low Area

Low Area as a Wt

Shallow Area

District

Barisal

Bhola

Jha.okati

^'ojpur

Laxmipur

Noakhali

Gopalcjoni

Madaripur

Shariaspur

Bagerhat

Khulna

Satkhira

Whole

Cox's Bazar

Moufvibazar

a as a Whole

Boqra

Naogaon

Siiajgoni

Joypumat

Chittaqonq

B Bare

jazlpurhflorshinodi

Raibari

Chuadanga

Ki.s-rSa

Meherpur

Kishoreqoni

dvrrensinc^i

Netrokona

Sterpur

Natore

Nowarxpnf

Rajsha-,1

Patina

Sunamqoni

Dinafpur

Tangail

wleComilla

Dhaka

AjnshkMnj

Manikgonj

Narayanceni

Faridpyr

Jessore

Jhanaidah

Magura

Narail

Gatandha

Kurigram

Lalmonrhat

Niphamari

flanspur

toWgoii

Sythel

Pancbaqorri

Thakjrqaon

amalpur

SampfeVlfage

West Telulia

West Charsama.ya

Suktagcan

Mahmudkanda

Salam Nagar

CnarRohrla

CharJabbar

Rajapur

Shrsenathdi

Dakkhin Goasdi

Rajapur

Betagram

KteBlnaijar

Razar Bll Wayapara

Mono-iarpwr

Bamonpara

Kadoya

Gongaprosad

Ba^atara

Hashimpur

Horinadi

Bekashahara Gararon

Giarpara

Kcmorpur

Sutaia

Mazhgram

ftagrwnarhpur

Bahama

GabrakhaK

Ha.t>Mdotee

Gaglajani

Mohesh Chandrarwr

Dhumiteyatpur

Kharerbari

Ra*.akantapur

Shaffiimardcfi

Barkcna

DopakhaS

Boiteit

rjeora

Baroikhali

Pukh.ria

Marashijndapur

Monsurabad

Atlia

Actiintaragar

BaraKnari

S*aknHa(

Mattiarpara

ChakirPashaiPathak

North Battnsh Hajari

Kazipaja

Shib-j

Shadekpur

Borchalia

Kazipaia

Borunatjaon

Shahbapur

Sallow Araa a s i Whole

Total Survey Area - ~ : -

Arsenic Tested Tubewells

TW having unaccepted lever d

arsenic

No.

S

0

0

2

oa2

0

85

0

0

54

0

149

0

10

to0

0

9

0

0

o0

0

32

14

16

7

0

0

0

2

0

20

40

0

2

0

0

142

o4

61

1

82

a72

35

o10

0

2

oo0

0

i

0

0

a266

569

%

100

rj

0

100

c0

9

0

87

0

0

93

0

80

C-

21

21

0

aeo0

0

0

0

0

100

70

62

100

0

0

0

2

0

16

68

0

!2

0

0

33

0

20

85

25

86

0

76

40

0

67

0

2

0

0

0

0

10

0

005449

TWtaing less than

unaccepted lertt/free &

ssenc CCTtaminale

Ho.

0

0

0

0

0

0

21

0

13

0

0

4

0

38

0

38

38

2

0

6

0

0

0

0

0

0

6

10

0

O

0

a118

0

109

19

0

15

0

1

236

0

(6

11

3

13

0

23

S3

12

5

0

Si

0

0

o0

9

0

0

(

227

589

%

0

0

0

0

a0

91

0

!3

0

0

7

0

20

0

79

79

100

0

40

0

0

0

0

0

0

30

38

0

0

0

0

98

0

84

32

0

88

0

103

67

0

80

15

75

14

0

2i

60

100

33

0

98

0

0

0

0

90

0

0

0

46

51

Total Arsenic Tested TW

No.

6

0

0

2

0

0

!3

0

98

0

0

58

0

187

0

48

482O

15

0

0

0

0

0

32

20

26

7

aa0

120

0

129

59

0

17

0

1

428

0

20

72

A

95

C

95

88

12

15

a84

fj

0

0

0

10

0

0

0

495

use

%19

0

0

4

a0

100

0

100

rj

0

94

0

28

0

49

321

0

51

0

0

0

0

0

59

13

38

4

0

0

0

94

0

94

89

0

103

0

1

18

0

15

62

4

99

0

74

72

17

15

0

100

0

0

0

0

45

0

0

0

28

23

HaviKj unaccepted level of Iron and Salt contamination

(reported case)

TW having unaccepted level

d Iron contai(iinaSk*l

No.

20

O

0

48

19

0

3

29

31

21

0

62

75

308

25

7

32

11

0

87

0

12

46

0

21

30

64

25

14

0

36

20

15

53

41

40

9

0

14

43

581

2

29

2

74

11

35

37

26

3

90

10

0

0

0

9

7

11

0

0

0

346

1267

%

63

0

0

100

23

0

13

76

32

25

0

100

M

46

45

7

21ac-

63

0

19

64

0

26

56

41

36

7

0

95

57

12

44

30

61

6

0

7

39

25

3

22

2

65

11

29

29

21

4

89

23

0

0

0

9

70

50

0

0

0

19

25

TW raving unaccepted

level o( saBniry

No.

15

1

10

24

0

0

1

0

0

6

0

0

0

57

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

ooo0

0

0

G

cc0

0

0

0

D

o0

0

rj

rj

0

rj

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

57

%

47

6

50

50

0

0

4

0

0

7

0

0

0

e0

0

a0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

o0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

o0

0

rj

0

0

0

0

0

0

D

1

Total TW

Spump

32

17

20

4i

83

17

23

38

98

65

0

62

KS

672

55

97

152143

110

138

183

S3

55

Hi

82

54

157

69

198

20

38

35

127

121

137

66

152

17

1S4

110

2357

76

131

117

113

96

121

129

123

70

101

«

B4

26

33

99

10

22

17

£96

83

1790

4971

Mo. of Safe water

point

Ho.

14

16

10

0

64

17

20

9

0

58

0

G

74

262

29

80

109

132

110

51

163

51

9

88

61

22

80

29

177

20

2

15

1'2

68

1:1

35

143

15

•m67

1761

76

{02

54

38

14

86

22

71

67

6

33

82

59

33

90

4

10

IS

296

S3

1244

3395

%

'2

94

50

0

77

100

87

24

0

65

0

0

50

42

53

62

72

92

100

37

100

81

16

100

74

35

51

41

09

103

5

43

84

56

?a47

94

88

93

61

74

too78

46

34

15

71

17

54

96

6

77

98

100

100

80

36

45

100

100

100

67

67

Ncofsafetecknal

water pent

No.

14

15

6

0

38

17

20

9

0

54

0

0

73

246

27

38

65

113

104

46

161

43

9

64

55

20

74

23

171

17

1

10

105

65

110

35

143

12

ISO

65

1606

74

99

44

38

13

72

22

65

53

1

31

75

51

33

53

3

a3

£95

81

1149

3066

%

42

88

30

0

46

100

87

24

0

64

0

0

49

38

49

39

43

79

95

33

68

63

16

73

67

32

47

33

86

85

3

29

79

54

77

47

94

71

ffi

59

67

97

76

38

34

14

60

17

49

76

1

72

B9

86

100

78

27

36

17

10C'

98

62

61

PopJatkmofthe

selected portonutlhe

village (Estimated)

No.

1819

1582

1270

1318

1464

1727

2225

1690

1625

!441

1612

1395

1174

HOA2

1710

1809

3519

1278

1622

1750

2KM

1930

1439

1505

1433

1503

1151

1254

1392

2500

1867

1414

2325

1432

1842

1200

2479

3550

1383

905

39159

1831

1540

1907

1383

1851

1774

220*

1294

1114

1616

1355

2045

1602

2120

1502

1696

1682

1476

2042

1412

33447

96467

Averace population for

single fjntfona safe

wattfccinl ^Estfniatedj

No.

130

105

212

0

39

102

111

138

0

27

0

0

16

83

63

46

54

11

16

38

12

45

163

24

26

75

16

55

B

147

1867

141

22

22

17

34

17

296

9

14

242516

43

36

142

25

100

20

21

1616

44

27

31

64

17

565

210

492

7

17

2931

% HH rewig TWpLjmrVplaiH in safe

^stance (cistance between TW & latrine

is mere to 33 feel)

HH%

71.4

16.7

30.0

50.0

16.7

78.9

62.5

50.0

14.3

20.0

0.0

84.2

70 4

55.7

10.0

0.0

5.6

86.7

0.0

20.8

0.0

61.5

47.6

31.6

63.6

77.8

50.0

41.7

72.2

20.0

50.0

EO.O

30.4

59.4

84.0

71.4

36.8

63.6

14.3

46.7

48.7

40.0

56.7

31.6

70.6

4.5

5.9

75.0

87.0

40.0

62.5

66.7

71.4

5.9

0.0

26.7

3O.0

50.0

44.4

26.7

81.0

48.7

48.3

Table B.6: Drinking Water Belated Habit

Hydro-

geological

Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokali,PirqjpurIcniLaxmipurNoakhahGopalgonjMadaripur•ShariaipurBagerliat

KhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWcM CharsamaiyaSukta^oanMahmudkandaSalan) NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiOakkhin CjoakliRajapurBetagramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's Ra/arMoulvibazar

Ra/.ar Bil NoyaparaMnnoliapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaon

SirajgonjJoypLirhatClnita^ongB. UariaCia/.ipurNorshingdi

RaibariChuadanga

KushtiaMchLTpur

KishoregonjMymcnsingh

Netrokona

SherpurNatoreNowab^onj

RajshahiPabnaSLinain£OnjDinajpurTangail

BainonparaKadoyaGongaprosadRaratara[ la^liiinpLirllojnmdiISckashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazh^ram

RaghunaLhpurRahaylaGabrakhali1 latkundoleeGaj'lajani

Mobesh ChandrapufDhuitlihayalpurKharerbari

Radliakaniapiir"LShaUumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area us u whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshiKonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigraiTiLalmonirhalNilpbamariRanppnrllobi;>oniSylhutPanchagorhTh:ikiugtion

Jamalpuf

BorkoilDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAil ia

AchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HuliMatharparaChukir Pashar Pathal<North Ballnsh HazanKa/.iparaShibuSliadckpurUoiclialiaKaziparaBorunagaonSliabbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal .Survey Area

Total

Sample

HH

3230

272'.)253233

3)3028323029

3883030602828292R34

273231

28282731

31382639333127

30302931

6963134

34323ft323233

273234

303233332fi

282933

33,6341778

Source of Drinking Water

1 ubewell/pump/pla

ntsSafe

HH%

96.9100.0100.093.11 ()().()96.9100.064.550.096.4

0.04G.796.679.496.793.395.096.4100.093.189.388.2100.093.8X0.678.682.1100,0100.0100,0

o.o100.094.9100.093.540.7100.093.365.564.5

84.296.8100.082.453.194.456.325.033.392.68-1.494.190.096,9b9.190.9!()().()71.441.4

100.093.978.481.4

Unsafe

HH%

3.1

0.00.00.00.00.00.012.950.0

3.60.0

53,3

3,49.80.03.31.73.60.00.010.711.80.06.39.73.617.9

o.o0.00.0

81.60.02.6

0.03.2

33.30.00.0

24.135.511,4

3.20.017.646.95.6

43.875.066.77,415.65.910.0

0.012.13.00.00.058.60.00.0IS.(,

13.3

Non-technological source

Rain water

HH%

0.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

o.o0.00.00.0

o.o0.00.00.0

o.o0,00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0,00.00,00.0

0.0

o.o0.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

o.o0.00.0

o.o0.00.0

o.o0.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.0

well/pond

HH%

0.0

0.00.06.90.03.1

0.09.70.00.0

100.0

0.00.09.80.03.31.70.00.0

0.0

o.oo.o0.00.09.717.9

0.0

o.o0.00.018.40.02.6

o.o3.2

25.90.06.710.3

0.04.2

0.00.00.00.00.00.00,00.00.0

0.00.00.03.118.2

o.o0.07.10.00.06.1

1.74.4

River/Canal

HH%

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.012.90.0

0.0

o.oo.o0.0

1.03.30.01.70.0

0.06.90.00.00.0

o.o0.0

0.0

o.oo.o0.0

0.0

o.o0.0

o.o0.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

o.o0.3

0.0

o.o0.00.00,00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

o.o0.00.021.40.0

0.00.00.90.7

others

HH%

0.00.00.0

o.o0.00,00.00.00.00.0

_ O O _ J0.00.00.00.00.0

o.oo.o0.00.00.00,00.00.0

o.o0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

o.o0.00.00.0

o.o0,00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.06.1

0.00.00.00,0

0,00.30.1

Drinking water-

pot was found

cleaned

HH%

83.382.8100.093.1100.086.784.267.727.6

61.596.995.592..182.056.777.S66.788.5100.092.9100.093.985.279.242.357.764.322.260.085,7X6.857.741.0100,096,613.690.979.355.252.970.841.488.281.893,862.977.328.169.777.X35.5

0.00.0

75.046.7

0.080.039.1100.00.0

90.966.472.0

Drinking water

pot was found

covered

HH%

96.755.292.689.7

loo.o80.052.60.0

27.642.393.895.5M.569.993.337.066,7

o.o93.828.684.684.866.75X.311.538.532.1

11.16.7

60.77X.930.823.1100.072.49.177,351.741.40.0

45.411.473.584.840.642.940.90,03.0

37.029.0

0.00.025.06.70.076.030.4100.00.0

57.641.3

51.0

Table B.7 Drinking

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

Water Related Habit-

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalqonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKriulnaSatkhira

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly 8, Stony Cox's BazarMoulvibazar

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagramKhalilnagar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BoqraNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittaqongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghN9trokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahPabnaSunamgonDinajpurTangail

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikqonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNiiphamariRangpurHobigonSylhetPanchagorhThakurqaonJamalpur

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh Chandrapur

DhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar Pathak

North Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

ssue of purification

TotalSample

HH

001201

5600

321

04810100

500003

500007011170031

340

010100000001

630

8100

21104

Information regarding the use of water from Non-technological source for drinking purposes

have used

Drank onlyafter

boiling

HH%0.00.0

100.00.00.0

100.00.00.00.00.0

3.10.00.0

6.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

0.0100.00.00.00.0

0.00.02.90.00.00.00.0

100.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00,012.5100.00.00.014.36.7

Used afterpurifying through

(Fitkeri)

HH%0.00.00.0

50.00.00.0

40.00.00.0

0.090.60.00.066.70.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.020.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

2.90.00.0

100.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.04.832.7

Used afterfiltering

through filter

HH%0.00.00.050.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.02.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.01.0

Used after purifyingthrough purifier

tablets

HH%0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00,00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Drank afterstraining

HH%0.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

100.00.0

100.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.0

23.50.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.07.7

Used withoutany form of

purification/ filter

HH /o

0.00.00.00.0

0.00.060.0100.0

0.00.0

6.3100.00.025.0100.00.0

100.00.00.0

100.00.00.00.00.0

100.080.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.0

100.00.0

100.00.00.0

100.0100.070.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

100.0100.0100.0

0.0

87.50.00.00.0

81.051.9

Table B.8:

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

Water sources for purposes other than drinking

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurGetagramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil Noyapara

MonohapurHilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadanqaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabqonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Garqlinq and mouth washing

Safe TW/Pump/Plants

HH /o

3.10.0

0.00.04.09.4

3.00.00.00.00.00.0

24.13.416.733.325.060.7100.03.4

60.72.911.128.167.721.478.63.7

90.316.10.03.892.315.283.918.590.09.765.522.641.33.1

94.15.9

43.827.86.325.033.392.63.147.110.093.857.666.77.70.037.9100.015.238.931.6

UnsafeSources

HH%96.9100.0100.0100.096.090.697.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.075.996.683.366.775.039.30.096.639.397.188.971.932.378.621.496.39.7

83.9100.096.27.784.816.181.510.090.334.577.4S8.796.95.994.156.372.293.875.066.77.4

96.952.990.06.342.433.392.3100.062.10.084.861.168.4

Raw Food/ VegetableSafe

TW/Pump/PlantsHH%3.110.00.00.0

4.012.53.09.76.710.70.010.065.510.320.051.735.685.7100.013.882.111.848.153.180.625.082.163.096.864.57.97.792.363.683.925.990.019.465.551.657.112.5100.011.846.930.653.125.033.392.631.329.490.096.963.687.930.80.037.9100.042.450.944.0

UnsafeSources

HH%96.990.0100.0100.096.087.597.090.393.389.3100.090.034.589.780.048.364.414.30.086.217.988.251.946.919.475.017.937.03.2

35.592.192.37.736.416.174.110.080.634.548.442.987.50.088.253.169.446.975.066.77.4

68.870.610.03.136.412.169.2100.062.10.057.649.156.0

Utensil WashingSafe

TW/Pump/PlantsHH%3.13.30.0

3.416.09.46.16.5

3.37.1

0.020.093.112.923.343.333.382.192.913.882.111.859.356.380.617.982.166.796.874.20.019.292.357.683.925.990.013.365.551.6S7.06.3

100.08.8

46.930.653.125.033.392.643.838.290.093.857.684.838.50.037.9100.042.451.244.5

UnsafeSources

HH%96.996.7100.09fi.684.090.693.993.596.792.9100.080.06.9

87.176.756.766.717.97.186.217.988.240.743.819.482.117.933.33.2

25.8100.080.87.7

42.416.174.110.086.734.548.443.093.80.091.253.169.446.975.066.77.4

56.361.810.06.342.415.261.5100.062.10.057.648.855.5

CookingSafe

TW/Pump/PlantsHH%9.483.30.03.44.059.427.39.7

23.321.40.036.789.728.756.766.761.796.4100.010.389.361.8100.084.480.625.085.774.196.896.80.0

42.394.9100.093,540.790.023.365.561.370.035.5100.029.453.130.659.425.033.392.662.594.190.096.966.790.992.310.741.4100.093.864.858.8

UnsafeSources

HH%90.616.7100.096.696.040.672.790.376.778.6100.063.310.371.343.333.338.33.60.089.710.738.20.015.619.475.014.325.93.23.2

100.057.75.10.06.5

59.310.076.734.538.730.064.50.0

70.646.969.440.675.066.77.4

37.55.910.03.1

33.39.17.789.358.60.06.335.241.2

C. Issue of Environmental SanitationTable C.1: Sanitation Hardware Status (Unit)

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

District

Bansal

Bhola

Jhalokati

PirojpurFnni

Laxmipur

NoaktialiGopalgonj

MadaripurShariatpyr

Baqerhat

Khulna

Salkhira

Sample Village

WesiTeiulia

West Charsamaiya

Suktagoan

MahmudkandaSalam Naqar

Char RohitaChar Jabbar

Rajapur

ShreenathdiDahkhin Goaldi

RajapurBct;iqram

Khahnaqar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's Ba2arMoulvibazar

Razar Bil Nqy_aparaMonoharpur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low Area

BoqraNaoqaon

Sirajgonj

Joypurhat

ChittagongB. BdFH

Gazipur

NprshingdiRajbariChuadanga

Kushlia

MeherpurKishorogonj

MymensinqhNetrokona

Sherpur

NatoreNowabgonj

RajshaliiPabna

Sunamgonj

Dinajpur

Tanqaii

BamonparaKadoya

Gongaprosad

BarataraHashimpur

Horinadi

Bekashahara GararanCHarpara

KomorpurSubdia

Mazhgram

Harjhunathpur

Rahayla

GabrakhaliHatkundolee

Gaglajani

Mohesh Chandrapur

Dhumihayalpur

KharerbariRadhakantapur

Shatrumardon

BarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a Whole

Shallow Area

ComiilaDhaka

Munshigonj

Manikgonj

Narayangonj

Faridpyr

Jessore

JhanaidahMaqura

Narail

Gaibandha

KurigramLalmonirhat

Nilphamari

Rangpur

HobigonjSylhetPanchagorh

Thakurqaon

Jamalpur

BorkoitDeonai

Baroikhali

PukhuriaNarashundapur

MonsurabadAtlia

AchintanagarBara Khan

Sheikh HatiMatharpara

Chakir Pashar PathakNorth Baltrish Hazari

Ka7iparaShibu

Shadekpur

BorchaliaKazipara

Borunagaon

Shahbajpur

Shallow Area as g Whole

Total Survey Area

Total HHol the

selected portion

321

300

270

293

254

383325

309

300280324

300

2883887

298304602276276

290

280336

265324

312

275

278

270310

310

381257

385

325307

268300

312290311

6938

325340

340315357

320315

285269

321340

300321325

329

261

283285

325327

6283

17710

PttUlrkie

No

0

0

350

511

0

0

00

29193

116389

599

104

4670

021

23187

15

37

29

154

95

0

100

150

103

0

95

0

1613

86810

112

7

190

0110

10367

1930

11

106

207

71197

0

100

201153

2514

%

0

0

130

4

30

00

022

6441

112

3317

17

12

00

6

9

58! 39

134071

7203

0

40

53

039

014

6

19

1540

2

60

064

635771

021

74776

31

850

5219

30

20

Number of Ring Slab

No

43

39

2567

37

309

226641

24

4144

488

24

133758

32

3168

1054

69

1312

20

5123

621

40

4018

35

515

2035

32

75331

42

26

58171

43

3034

54

55

42

232

151811

21

60

34617

1895

%

13

139

23

309

37

22

1518

1415

14

84

621

5511

80

312

21

M4

2724

17

56

591015

18

76

631

1516

48

15

B

1850

25

1829

2016

79

168

138

591

3132

16

15

Number of Septic/Offset

No

0

20

84

8

1

01

7

1

10

2668

2

323418

5

227

2214

21

101

247

141

0

0

00

55

63

1048

5

2936

8

14

85

02017

17230

0144

1

67

2

12

8172

567

%

0

10

3

33

0

00

31

39

21

11

67

9

88

756

26

033

3

111

0

0

00

28

81

342

2

6934

31

012

1014

9

0

010

151

339

6

84

4

Hanging and open latrine

No

278259210

21179

271

315287

233232

78

5699

2608267

160

427152

14

22010

188224

470

225

05

0

1P5350

28

330104

0

64

131

28215

164

2678

18

120

293

230333

3190

130

0285

000

93

135170

2043

1919

7632

%

878678

7463

85

97

93

7883

59

1935

7390

5371

55

2481

12

5685(5

082

02

0

9592

41

8685

0

8554

9013775828

43

86

7394

1000

80

084

00

080

5970

1041

50

61

Total latrine

No.

321

300270

286125

320

325309

300280

132

300285

3553298

304602

276

58273

85

336265

324

38275

73217

132

132381

68

385122

193

75244

312114

2144592

65282

340315355

320173

163118

270340

53143

26116

23023223

192

1053861

12608

Ring Slab latrine

have proper

Gooseneck

Unit%

2525

50

2925

3350

5017

25

50

2525

2950

0

25

0

3333

43

405057500

040

0

1000

50

2550

50

050

5050

0

353325

33

5050

020

2525

1740

2533

00

500

5033

3331

32

Table C.2: Ownership pattern wise Septic/Offset/Ring Slab/ Pit latrine (Unit) & information regarding Ring Slab Production centre

Hydro-gsoloijtcaJ

Area

Coasts!

Coastal Area as a V

HiByS Stony

Hlltyi Stony Area

Low Table Area

Low Area asaWhc

Shalknv Area

District

Sarisa!3hola

Jhalokaiiy\fo\pu>

-eni

Laxmipur

NoakhaliGooalgoni

Madaripu*Snariaipijr

Bagerfiat

<hulna

Salkhira

Sample Ullage

WestTetuSaWest Orarsamaiya

SuktaqoanMahrrudkandaSslam Naoar

Char RohitaChaiJabbar

RaiapurShrcertathdiDakkhin GoaSdi

flajapureetacram

KhalilnaqarVlwle

Cox's Bazart/sulvibazaras a Whole

BoqraNaogaonS rajgonjjcvpurhat

ChitiaqonqB. BariaGazbur

NorshnqCi•tejbanCnuatranga

KusiitiarteherpurKishcregonjf/ymensinqh

Ke:rokonaSnerpur

NaioreNowaboonj

Raishahi

Pabna

SunamgonjDinajpurTanqailleComiUaDhaka

MunsniocnjManikflonjNarayangcrj

FaridpurJessareJna.naidah

Waqu'a

MarailGaibandhaKuriqram

LalmonirhatNilphamari

RangpurHcSigonj

SyShetPanchagorhThakuroaon

Jamafipur

Razar Bil Noyapara

Monoharpur

3amonpara

<adcyaGonqaprosad

BaraiaraHashimpurHonnaGlSekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSutaia

MaztiqramRaqhunaitipur

RahaylaGabrakhafc

HattundolaeGaqlajaniMonesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpur

KharerbariRadhakanlapur

Shatrumard&nbarkcna

"opakiiali

BorkoitDsonaiBaroikryfi

PukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabad

MaAchintanagar

Bara KnanSheikh HatiMaLharpara

Chakit Pashar PathakNorth Battrsh Hszari

KaziparaShibii

ShadekpurBwchaliaKazjjaraBorunagaonStahtaipuf

Shallow Area as a WtiofeTotal Survey Area

Ownership wise SeptrtMsei'Ring Slab'Pil latnne

Total

4341

6075

4649

1022674864

244186945

31144175

124

44S375

14841

277

3850

73212132

7

3f'0

18153

11

113309960

1914

47162478522

1

173150

118270

5553

143262'i

95215

23172

621942

4976

Owned i y single K'H

Mo.352855663B47102260

<826

238

181656

31126157119445350

14733

272

293973

136131

729305513

1551t

113

309911

1775

«1i7

47

8320

0173124

i t :2286548

128261095

21223

17256

18034591

%816392919396

!0O:M93

10048969791

1008390%

1001M67

99939876

7B100

8899

1009475

10010060

100

too:w•00

94

939191

1009B910

100839684

1009190

10043too99

100too909332

Owned by muHpteH/H

No.S

1357800070

2765

860

IS1803G

251359

110

!61

0Q

1000

3S

a0003

1324

1502200

265

3705

150

900

005

125Ml

%1932

89

17

0

0

0100

50

2390

1310000

33172

24220

121

00

2500

200000679902900

174

14

09

100

39

000

0867

Other category

No.00000200001003000500

0000

000

00

0200000000070

00

001

00

05

0

00

04

03

0

01

1424

%000004000020000004

000

0•3

O

00

00

00

e000000000030000

10000020000

1701

00210

tn'orma"ion regarding Ring Slab production cenlre exit in Ihe village/nearest to Ihe village

VSC situated in

tne entire

Village

No.01

0

01

0

001

1

0

t1

6000

aaaGa0000i000t000000a1031

1

5100000201200010(0

1524

Distance between village

and nearest VSC (it the

village does not have

any VSC)

{In Miies)3a32014500

1000

282240232111

2

301

2

0622111204

37

00

0014

44

6

03

00

14

11

000

3

a109

Tne running authority ol ttie VSCfs) silualH) inttie village/nearest place

Total

No.

11

rti

1111

13112112

i

1112121111

261151

2

2112t

011

01-

2869

Prrvale

No.01

111

1

01

00

0•3

71011110111

00

u0011

\

1

0011

0

0

1131

a5o1010110120000001

1435

"k0

'00100100105100

0100

00

10000

54100

050

10010050

0

1C0ICCSCO

0

a3

a3

100

100100100

0

050

1000

010050

1000

1000

1000

500

33500

100100

00

00

00

too5051

Govt.

No.00000000000000000001o000

0000

000

001

0

0

0000

2000001001

00000000D0024

%0000

a00000000000000

50000c00000cQ

00

S30

00

00

a8a0a0a

50a0

330000000000076

NGOF Supported

No-1

1 .

5acc000i0

ii

4011

0

000

000

0

1

1

00

0

aa10000050331

110010001011010B

1B

%100

0

cc00000

1000

100100310

100500000

000

1000

100

tooIOC

0o0o0

10000o00

190o0

1000

605000

60000

1000

100100

0100

02926

Other NGO

No.00

0

00

01

01

00

0020r0

00

01

0

00

01

00

o000010101106010000011010000000004

12

%000000

1000

1000000

15000000

IOC0000

10000aa000

500

500

100100

0230

100000

00

100330

1000

00

00

0000

1417

Table C.3: Distance between House & Latrine (In Feet)

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetaqramKhaiiinagar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonJMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabqonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaquraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobiqonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BamonparaKadoyaGonqaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhaii

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

TotalSample HH

207262621292737532202725030215169

291034252914131416182796

243228142013714

41117272931343116232114614188162426101921

4051117

Distance between House & Latrinefln Feet)

Upto 155.0

28.611.511.542.920.77.40.0

42.920.00.015.025.916.046.757.151.00.066.769.030.038.248.013.814.37.7

28.618.811.17.4

22.20.0

20.821.910.70.010.038.528.6

_ZJ_j24.176.529.648.39.750.093.56.313.00.07.10.00.0

38.925.031.312.565.450.089.50.0

35.827.8

16-3030.042.919.250.042.941.463.066.742.960.043.830.022.239.650.042.947.150.033.324.170.029.444.051.750.053.828.631.316.733.344.466.716.721.914.335.745.053.828.664.335.517.625.937.941.950.06.5

68.830.447.628.60.035.761.125.050.025.019.230.05.34.831.435.5

31-4525.028.619.211.59.5

24.111.133.314.320.043.810.03.718.80.00.00.050.00.00.00.02.94.024.121.423.121.418.844.47.411.116.737.50.03.67.15.00.00.07.1

11.90.018.53.43.20.00.012.58.7

52.421.416.77.10.037.56.312.53.810.00.014.39.612.1

46-6040.00.034.619.24.813.814.80.00.00.06.35.00.013.60.00.00.00.00.06.90.02.94.03.40.015.414.325.011.129.622.216.716.715.610.721.410.00.0

42.914.311.70.022.20.0

29.00.00.06.3

34.80.0

28.683.328.60.00.012.58.33.810.00.019.011.611.5

61-750.00.07.73.80.00.0

i_3_Z_0.00.00.03.110.03.73.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.47.10.00.06.30.03.70.00.00.09.40.07.10.00.00.00.01.90.00.03.40.00.00.00.08.70.00.00.014.30.00.00.016.70.00.00.014.33.02.5

76-1000.00.07.70.00.00.00.00,00.00.03.10.07.42.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.011.80.00.00.00.07.10.011.111.10.00.04.215.617.928.610.00.00.07.16.85.93.73.416.10.00.00.00.00.07.10.014.30.012.50.08.37.70.05.3

38.16.25.2

100+0.00.00.03.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

30.037.0

i 6.83.30.02.00.00.00.00.014.70.03.47.10.00.00.05.67.40.00.04.215.642.90.0

20.07.70.00.08.00.00.03.40.00.00.06.34.30.07.10.00.00.00.00.016.70.00.00.09.52.55.5

Highest603510030060607040353595

50025050016024160452550303005015015050100701251505050

2005005001003001505080

5001001005001003030

20015045

20060803010050

20010050100280500500

Lowest15101012

L_108151710102505041014181051461010153107151020371030551515185510551010201540205151055853050

Average4025454222303229202539647738231619321516165520334032323347542832437715159752534334319323944171237433353534918382664202117843638

Table C4: Defecation site

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagrannKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgon]JoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

Low Area as a wholeShallow Comilla

DhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaquraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Defecation sites

Septic/Offset/RLatrine

ng slab

Member Category

M

HH%12.513.37.4

24.116.012.53.06.5

20.017.96.316.724.113.76.713.310.017.914.317.225.029.47.4

28.16.53.614.329.69.73.25.315.410.36.1

29.03.76.79.7

24.112.914.29.4'14.711.821.95.60.0

21.915.218.518.814.713.39.40.03.07.77.16.9

21.212.111.713.0

F

HH%12.513.37.4

24.116.012.53.06.5

20.017.96.316.724.113.76.713.310.021.414.317.225.035.37.4

28.16.53.614.329.69.73.25.315.410.36.1

29.03.76.79.7

24.112.914.69.414.711.821.95.60.0

21.915.218.521.914.713.39.40.03.07.77.16.9

21.212.111.813.3

C<5

HH%0.00.012.55.90.07.74.30.00.00.014.39.1

38.57.00.00.00.08.30.0

20.018.223.18.3

25.00.00.00.00.017.66.70.00.00.00.08.30.05.69.10.00.06.50.00.00.0

23.115.40.013.30.09.118.20.00.00.00.010.06,37.16.711.10.06.26.2

Pit

Member Category

M •

HH%0.00.014.83.44.03.10.00.00.00.09.4

50.031.08.83.3

30.016.714.33.60.00.05.97.4

50.06.514.314.344.425.80.02.60.05.10.0

35.50.0

30.00.06.93.211.63.1

35.32.96.30.00.031.336.418.559.40.03.3

31.39.13.0

26.967.90.0

30.36.118.113.5

F

HH%0.00.014.83.44.03.10.00.00.00.09.4

56.734.59.53.3

30.016.714.33.60.00.05.97.4

56.36.514.314.351.932.30.02.60.05.10.0

35.50.030.00.06.93.212.53.1

35.32.96.30.00.0

31.336.418.559.40.03.331.39.13.0

26.967.90.0

30.36.118.114.0

C<5

HH%0.00.012.50.00.00.00,00.00.00.00.00.00.01.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00,00.07.716.75.90.03.20.00.00.08.30.00.00.00.00.01.70.00.00.015.40.00.06.70.00.0

27.30.00.00.04.80.06.37.16.75.60.04.32.3

Hanging/open Latrine

Member Category

M

HH%62.573.374.158.636.071.978.845.270.060.721.913.327.653.680.046.763.339.37.1

72.47.152.974.112.50.064.30.00.00.0

41.978.911.576.927.30.029.633.377.43.4

41.934.06.332.476.562.583.387.50.03.00.00.0

73.50.00.00.0

27.342.33.60.06.115.226.936.7

F

HH%65.676.774.162.140.071.981.848.473.360.725.013.331.055.980.046.763.342.93.6

75.93.652.981.512.50.0

78.60.00.00.0

45.286.811.582.130.30.033.340.090.33.4

45.237.06.3

32.482.468.888.993.80.03.00.00.0

79.40.00.00.0

27.350.03.60.06.115.228.839.1

C<5

HH%13.30.06.311.80.07.78.70.00.00.0

28.60.07.77.015.00.07.30.00.00.09.17.78.30.00.00.00.00.00.013.30.06.30.00.00.00.00.04.50,00.02.40.00.021.130.815.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.94.3

Openplace/bush/others

Member Category

M

HH%25.013.33.713.844.012.518.248.410.021.462.520.017.224.010.010.010.028.675.010.367.911.811.19.4

JJ7.117.971.425.964.554.813.273.17.766.735.566.730.012.965.541.940.281.317.68.89.4

12.546.945.563.021.911.883.359.490.966.723.121.493.142.466.743.336.7

F

HH%21.910.03.710.340.012.515.245.26.721.459.413.310.320.910.010.010.021.478.66.971.45.93.73.1

87.13.6

71.418.558.151.65.373.12.663.635.563.023.30.0

65.538.735.981.317.62.93.15.66.3

46.945.563.018.85.9

83.359.490.966.715.421.493.142.466.741.333.7

C<5

HH%86.7100.068.882.4100.084.687.0100.0100.0100.057.190.953.884.985.0100.092.791.7100.080.072.769.283.375.0100.0100.092.383.376.580.096.893.8100.0100.083.3100.094.486.4100.0100.089.4100.0100.078.930.869.2100.080.0100.090.954.5100.0100.0100.095.290.087.585.786.783.3100.085.687.2

Table C.5:

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

Reason for not using hygienic latrine and hygiene related practices

District

BarisalBtiolaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBotaqramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & StonyCox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaqhunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhalf

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJossoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Reason for not using hygienic latrine

Due to lack ofspace

HH%15.40.00.05.6

50.010.08.30.00.00.00.00.00.05.80.04.22.0

22.712.512.515.85.9

13.30.04.3

17.611.123.5

0.00.05.94.50.0

12.50.00.06.9

60.721.710.011.511.17.1

10.314.337.90.09.14.30.0

25.910.740.022.2

3.03.6

13.34.30.03,8

20.712.310.3

Due to lackof finance

HH%61.552.260.033.3

100.030.029.274.130.469.630.00.00.0

45.334.683.358.059.129.2

0.042.117.673.392.369.676.544.488.265.214.361.872.732.145.843.814.879.360.765.235.049.950.092.948.352.451.768.877.378.368.866.796.4

100.066.775.871.473.360.990.523.110.364.754.8

Doesn't use septic/offset/ring slab latrine due toreasons other than lack

of finance and space(NotAware/others)

HH%53.847.840.061.10.065.066.7100.0100.0100.070.0100.0100.071.765.433.350.040.979.2100.042.194.126.77.791.376.544.458.834.8100.082.436.496.475.056.385.237.996.421.765.066.166.750.051.733.369.062.513.617.437.588.942.9100.063.021.264.346.7100.033.373.179.356.363.0

HHhadcleaned pan

slab

HH%50.050.050.014.325.025.00.00.016.720.033.322.242.927.650.050.050.066.725.040.085.741.750.044.40.00.050.012.50.0

100.050.025.00.050.044.40.050.033.342.925.039.633.320.050.042.950.00.0

42,920.040.014.320.025.033.30.00.00.00.050.042.950.032.034.6

HH kept thesurrounding areas

of the latrinecleaned (humanfaeces was not

there)

HH%50.025.050.014.325.025.00.00.016.720.033.322.242.925.950.050.050.050.050.040.057.150.0100.055-60.00.050.037.50,0

100.050.02500.050.055.60.00.033.342.925-042.633.340.025.057.150-00.0

42.920.040.014.340-025.033.30.00.050.00.050.028.650.034.736.3

Use slipper forgoing to latrine

HH%21.90.033.317.260.068.848.56.510.03.650.010.337.928.420.03.311.753.650.027.642.944.159.328.119.439.353.611.132.322.636.87.728.248.551.611.116.716.127.616.132.428.18.8

29.456.341.70.018.842.444.421.929.436.768.83.0

42.47.77.165.557.615.231.330.5

Table C.6:

Hydra-geological

Area

Coastal

Dispose Infants Faeces & Waste materials

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktaqoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a WholeHilly & Stony Cox's Bazar

MoulvibazarRazar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a WholeLow

Low Area as

Shallow

BograNaogaonSiraigoniJoypurhatChittagong8. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabqonjRaishahiPabnaSunamgoniDinajpurTangail3 wholeComiJIaDhakaMunshiqonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaquraNarailGaibandhaKuriqramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchaqorhThakurqaonJamalpur

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhqramRaqhunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HaiariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Dispose Infants Faeces

At Latrine

HH%0.00.05.90.07.10.00.00.00.00.030.87.70.03.55.39.57.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.0o.o9.115.40.0b.o0.03.36.30.06.70.00.00.00.08.30.02.40.014.35.650.036.411.10.00.00.00.016.70.00.00.00.00.08.30.00.00.05.13.B

At a fixedHole

HH%0.022.735.320.028.614.310.00.00.00.07.70.00.011.55.3

38.122.59.116.70.00.021.49.1

60.00.09.17.70.00.00.03.318.80.00.036.40.00.0

50.016.715.412.17.17.111.10.018.211.10.08.38.30.00.09.138.50.014.318.80.017.626.70.010.211.8

AtGarden

HH%64.727.35.9

40.014.342.925.013.357.116.715.461.550.032.00.00.00.054.50.00.00.07.10.00.014.30.023.10.058.30.00.00.011.10.09.114.30.015.08.37.79.10.00.00.00.00.00.025.033.358.311.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.70,06.213.3

Wash in thepond/river/

canal

HH%17.60.0

29.413,328.67.10.086.721.45.6

23.17.70-018.036.80.017.50.00.010.054.550.036.40.0

21.427.37.754.50.0

53.80.00.011.126.70.00.05.9

25.00-00.016.50.0

21.40.016.736.416.70.00.00.0

33.30.00.00.00.00.0

50.08.311.80-05.99.514.5

Wash at thesite of TW/

pump/ plant

HH%0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.033.30.00.07.10.010.014.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.033.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.00.014.30.016.70.05.612.58.38.30.00.00.00.00.0

21.40.00.00.00.00.04.02.5

Anyplace

HH%11.850.017.613.321.421.465.00.021.461.123.10.0

37.528552.652.452.527.333.390.036.40.054.520.050.054.546.245.541.738.576.775.00.0

46.754.585.794.110.066.776.950.585.742.983.316.79.1

33.343.841.725.055.683.390.961.591.364.312.583.341.260.094.157.747.6

Leftopen

HH%5.90.05.913.30.014.30.00.00.016.70.0

23.112.56.50.00.00.09.116.70.09.114.30.010.00.00.00.00.00.07.716.70.0

44.420.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.47.10.00.00.00.0

22.218.88.30.00.00.00.00.08.70.018.80.029.46.70.07.36.4

Faeces wasseen in thecourtyard

HH%9.423.314.817.212.028.118.245.213.318.59,413.86.917.923.336.730.07.13.610.310.723.523.19.419.417.917.911.519.412.939.565.438.515.26.518.513.322.634.512.920.065.65.911.83.119.49.418.89.115.46.35.913.318.833.315.27.7

25.020.79.1

24.216.918.8

Disposes Waste materials

At a fixedHole/place

HH%62.556.733.331.088.031.36.10.03.40.018.856.772,434.616.760.0

L 38.367.967.90.0

71.444.142.365.63.253.675.018.567.716.118.415.47.76.1

67.73.713.358.162.135.537.653.129.414.728.119.43.1

37.568.833.328.15.973.362.524.230.315.47.179.363.642.435.836.4

Canal/river/ lake

/pond

HH%3.10.011.13.40.03.10.093.524.13.60.06.70.011.633.30.016.710.70.00.03.611.842.30.00.00.00.00.00.045.20.03.835.939.40.00.00.016.10.012.910.10.014.72.90.0

63.937.50.00.00.00.00.06.70.00.00.015.414.33.412.10.08.810.2

Anyplace

HH%34.443.355.665.512.065.693.96.5

72.496.481.336.727.653.750.040.045.021.432.1100.025.044.115.434.496.846.425.081.532.338.7

L81JLB0.856.454.532.396.386.725.837.951.652.346.955.982.471.916.759.462.531.366.771.994.120.037.575.869.769.278.617.224.257.655.453.5

D: Hand Washing Practices:Table D1: Hand Washing Before Meal (Household wise)

Hydro-geological Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagrarnKhalilnaqar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & Stony Cox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJqypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadanqaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

BamohparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComiilaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChaklr Pashar Pathak

North Battrish Hazari

Kaz|p_araShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

TotalSample

HH

32302729253233313028323029

3883030602828292834273231282827313137263933312730312931

6963234343236323233273234303233332627293333

6341778

Wash One hand

With onlywaterHH%96.983.3100.096.692.078.1100.025.830.0100.0100.096.796.684.086.7100.093.371.492.989.760.782.474.1100.0100.082.1100.0100.0100.096.897.3100.051.378.8100.0100.0100.0100065.5100.088.590.682.494.1100.069.456.3100.097.096.3100.0100.096.771.993.997.096.277.896.657,6100.088.587.7

With soap

HH%0.00.00.00.00.09.40.00.00.00.00.00.03.41.03.30.01.710.77.110.317.90.018.50.00.03.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.90.02.90.00.08.30.00.00.03.70.00.03.36.30.03.03.80.00.00.00.01.62.0

Both Hands

With onlywaterHH%0.016.70.03.44.06.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.33.30.01.77.10.00.03.614.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.015.20.00.00.00.0

34.50.03.39.411.85.90.016.70.00.03.00.00.00.00.0

21.90.00.00.00.03.4

42.40.06.04.0

With soap

HH%0.00.00.00.04.00.00.03.20.00.00.00.00.00.56.70.03.310.70.00.017.92.97.40.00.03.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.00.00.00.00.00,00.01.90.02.90.00.05.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.51.1

Total Handwash

HH%96.9100.0100.0100.0100.093.8100.029.030.0100.0100.096.7100.087.9100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.089.3100.0100.0100.096.897.3100.051.3100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.096.6100.0100.0100.0100.0100.056.3100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.093.9100.0100.077.8100.0100.0100.096.594.8

Doesn'tWash

HH%3.10.00.00.00.06.30.0

71.070.00.00.03.30.012.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.010.70.00.00.03.22.70.0

48.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.40.00.00.00.00.0

43.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.10.00.0

22.20.00.00.03.55.2

Table D2: Hand Washing After Defecation (Household wise)

Hydro-geologicalArea

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalgonjMadaripurShariatpurBaqerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NagarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreonathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetagramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & Stony Cox's BazarMoulvibazar

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BoqraNaoqaonSirajqonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishorogonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgon^RajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

Hazar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara GararonCharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunalhpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohosh ChandrapurDhurnihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrumardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarai!GaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

Wash One hand

With onlywater

HH%15.653.377.858.640.087.575.871.053.396.484.473.331.063.160.063.361.742.928.655.225.038.222.228.16.5

46.43.63.70,0

41.997.496.223.712.129.088.920.096.83.4

71.038.571.982.435.33.1

30.668.80.00.051.90.0

58.860.00.06.1

21.269.275.044.80.030.334.643.3

With soap

HH%3.10.00.00.020.03.10.06.510.00.012.53.310.35.210.00.05.017.97.120.714.38.8

29.69.43.23.6

25.07.46.50.02.63.82.63.016.10.03.30.00.03.27.93.12.914.7

" 15.622.20.00.06.10.03.10.00.06.30.012.13.83.613.86.13.06.06.5

WithAsh/soil

HH%6.3

46.722.234.520.09.421.216.13.33.63.110.048.318.623.330.026.717.960.720.735.729.425.918.890.342.967.988.987.154.80.00.068.472.754.811.176.73.282.89.7

44.43.15.935.381.35.628.1100.084.840.796.941.236.787.536.463.619.23.6

41.451.566.746.839.0

Washing Both Hands

With onlywater

HH%0.00.00.03.44.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.91.03.30.01.77.10.00.010.711.811.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.10.00.00.00.00.016.12.79.40.011.80.036.10,00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.03.12.5

With soap

HH%0.00.00.00.08.00.03.00.00.00.00.00.03.41.03.30.01.77.13.63.414.311.811.10.00.03.63.60.06.50.00.00.00.06.10.00.00.00.010.30.03.49.42.92.90.05.60.00.06.17.40.00.00.03.10.00.07.70.00.0

21.20.03.32.8

WithAsh/soil

HH%0.00.00.00.08.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.50.06.73.37.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.60.00.00.00.00.03.40.00.63.15.90.00.00.00.00.03.00.00.00.03.33.10.03.00.00.00.021.20.02.21.2

Do notWash

separately

HH%75.00.00.03.40.00.00.06.5

33.30.00013.30.010.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

43.80.03.60.00.00.03.20.00.02.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.40.00.00.00.00.03.10.00.00.00.0o.o0.00.057.60.00.017.90.00.00.03.94.7

KeepWater/Soap/

Ash nearlatrineHH%3.80.015.46.98.33.60.00.03.80.00.010.03.74.24.00.02.210.018.210.333.39.414.83.40.011.516.712.50.06.55.90.00.037.514.80.04.810.057.10.011.34.512.59.4

38.75.60.00.00.04.80.00.035.711.10.00.04.00.0

40.021.19.59.4S.4

Table D.3: Hand Washing After Cleaning Children's bottom (Household

Hydro-geological

Area

Coastal

District

BarisalBholaJhalokatiPirojpurFeniLaxmipurNoakhaliGopalqonjMadaripurShariatpurBagerhatKhulnaSatkhira

Sample Village

West TetuliaWest CharsamaiyaSuktagoanMahmudkandaSalam NaqarChar RohitaChar JabbarRajapurShreenathdiDakkhin GoaldiRajapurBetaqramKhalilnagar

Coastal Area as a WholeHilly & Stony Cox's Bazar

MoulvibazarRazar Bil NoyaparaMonohapur

Hilly & Stony Area as a Whole

Low

BograNaogaonSirajgonjJoypurhatChittagongB. BariaGazipurNorshingdiRajbariChuadangaKushtiaMeherpurKishoregonjMymensinghNetrokonaSherpurNatoreNowabgonjRajshahiPabnaSunamgonjDinajpurTangail

BamonparaKadoyaGongaprosadBarataraHashimpurHorinadiBekashahara Gararon

CharparaKomorpurSubdiaMazhgramRaghunathpurRahaylaGabrakhaliHatkundoleeGaglajaniMohesh ChandrapurDhumihayatpurKharerbariRadhakantapurShatrurnardonBarkonaDopakhali

Low Area as a whole

Shallow

ComillaDhakaMunshigonjManikgonjNarayangonjFaridpurJessoreJhanaidahMaguraNarailGaibandhaKurigramLalmonirhatNilphamariRangpurHobigonjSylhetPanchagorhThakurgaonJamalpur

BorkoitDeonaiBaroikhaliPukhuriaNarashundapurMonsurabadAtliaAchintanagarBara KhariSheikh HatiMatharparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Battrish HazariKaziparaShibuShadekpurBorchaliaKaziparaBorunagaonShahbajpur

Shallow area as a wholeTotal Survey Area

TotalSample

HH

1822161614142315131813109

20120193911510121813131411121013143216111411516211113

306131419812151412129681124151611131417

263809

Wash One handWith only

waterHH%44.4100.081.375.00.050.087.080.0100.083.346.290.033.369.785.073.779.536.460.070.041.738.961.523.114.363.68.330.07.778.696.987.581.835.718.2

100.025.0100.027.369.253.930.871.421.112.575.073.30.025.058.311.150.075.09.1

54.226.7100.045.553.80.0

41.242.655.4

With soap

HH%0.00.06.30.07.114.38.70.00.00.00.00.011.13.50.00.00.027.320.010.08.311.17.723.114.318.216.710.015.40.00.06.30.00.018.20.06.30.09.17.78.815.414.35.3

25.016.70.00.08.30.00.00.012.518.20.06.70.00.0

23.114.30.07.26.6

WithAsh/soil

HH%38.90.012.518.87.128.64.320.00.016.753.810.055.618.45.05.35.118.220.020.016.722.27.746.271.418.275.060.069.221.43.16.318.250.063.60.068.80.054.515.430.730.87.1

42.162.50.0

20.0100.066.725.088.950.00.0

63.68.360.00.00.0

23.128.658.835.027.8

wise)Washing Both Hands

With onlywaterHH%0.00.00.00.07.17.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.05.00.02.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.015.47.115.80.00.06.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02.71.2

With soap

HH%0.00.00.00.071.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.05.05.00.02.6 j9.10.00.033.322.215.40.00.0

0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.014.30.00.00.00.00.07.74.67.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.08.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

28.60.02.33.8

With Ash/soil

HH%0.00.00.06.37.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.00.021.110.39.10.00.00.05.67.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.09.10.01.30.00.015.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.09.10.06.70.00.00.0

21.40.03.02.2

Do not Washseparately

HH%16.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

0.00.00.00.01.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.07.70.00.00.00.07.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.70.00.00.00.08.30.00.00.08.30.00.012.50.0

37.50.00.054.50.07.10.07.23.0

E: Supplementary Information for Hardware & Software Intervention

Hydro-geoJogicalArea

Coastal

District

BarisalBhoteJhalckatiPirosurFeniLaxmipur

GoralqoniMacaripu*SnariatpurBaqerhartKnulnaSat:h:r£

Sample Village

WeaTetnltaWesi CharsamaijaSuktagoanWahmurjfcartdaS a i n NaoarChar RohilaCharJabbarRaiapjrSnreeralrdiDa-:kriin GcialdiRaapurBe^qramKhalilnaqar

Coastal Area as a Whole

Hilly & Siony Cox's BazarMoulvibazar

Razar Sil Novaparaf.fonaharpur

Hil ly & Stony Area as a Whole

LowTabte

Low Area as a wiShallow Area

Bog faMaoqaonSiraiqonJopurhatChitlaosnc.B BansGai ourNorshi';qdiSaibariChUidanaa\jshlaMe-rerpLrKishoreoonjMymensiriqhNelrokonaShe-purNature\fowabqonRajshah;

PabnaSu^rr>qonjDinajwrTangailuleComitaDhakaMurxsh+qontMarikconjNa-ayarigcnjFar.dpu.-JessareJhanaicahMaduraNarailGaitendhaKungramLalmcr.irha!Wpha'nariRsngpjr-tobiconjSvlhel•^ancftaqorh

Thakurcaorcjamalptr

Shadow Area as a WildeTotal Survey Area

BamonparaKadoyaGooqapfosadBaralaraHashimpurHcinadiBefcasr-shara GararonCha-paraKorrorpurSubaiaMazhqram

BahamaGarxakhaliHatkurxidseGaqlajaniMohesr: CbandrapurDhumirayatpur^rarerbariRacrakantapur5-u=L'jmarrJon

BarkonaOcc£kriali

SorkoitOeoriaiSarcikhaliPuk'iunaNarasiun&pufWonsjrabsd

AtliaAchin'anaqarBa^a KnariShe < i HaiiVlarsrparaChakir Pashar PathakNorth Ba^risn HajariKajipsraSiibuSrtadeip*jrSomaliaK=;,paraSDrunaqaonShahKip:jr

Ecxaljfflial Inslifejfional

NGOSchoa

No-il

001

00272C

C30

1901

1!43235CC13t0

1

01203

C112

3423

3002112052311

00201

29S3

Primary

No.2220151£

1

1

11

120

1

34100150t1

011211111011

2

1

241121111112011120t111

2169

Junior High School

No.000000

\

0000C2000u00001000rj0

c00000010

a002

ccecc000000000000000

a4

High School

No-01

00100B0001

4•3

0

010

011000000001

000000101

61

01

00000

01

0000

a011

005

15

College

Mo.0000000r

0

r

1.

0

c000000000,000100

c0000000I.

0100•3

•3

00

a00I]

rj00000001

012

Madrasha

No.03210120

0

c11

1411

2511011

!

c0:

01

c1

010011

00

181

f0

00i

3131

acc1rj00109

43

Other

No.0CC

C01

001011

at

cc0

c0000000

aaa1000

c0000

c00

160000

a1

aa33

scc000000

1318

fleSgtae

Mosque

No.66c

22

17BB95L

102

3052

7521i

102£

31£

131

222r.

745;

763322253

23

A5226

3233

S3226

Temple1

churches

r*j.30

20000c

0021

a17

22C003

20I01

000

aa30

a00030i

14C0220

a0023101

a11211

a1750

For P S FMedium and big

size pone that havewater round the

year andappropriate for

PSF

No.3J

531105

14

06',

782

4

59i

anrj

364

164£

1101

17%

a2

322

022

03

1234

200

00341554200

18S21

561

275

For R W H S

Num- of Chal(Roof) that can

be use ascatchment

N!c.

is:1927C

18121162

3745SI9!1823

88712055

1652312271905C22

13211322

197

«1501ft2aI t3641

18921C

0'9940

10S101

24225

22676

1 «to

136379454

1742ES1223017«20

206

160170a5202

Human Resource

Number ofperson whocan repair/inslall T W

Mason

No.

31

00Ci

CBB10

10

1701

130

aaa0i

c1

c3

c01

0002.0t

052

23304

200

0302

1377001042

4566

Number of Masonwho can/ trained 10construct ring slab

No.0

16C22250

01i

aa

3205S201

00614

001

003000007

3233

634262002

15127

5

10102052

71171

Appendix-B

NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation4/6, Blook-E, Lalmatia, Dhaka questionnaire no.

QuestionnaireFor

Household Based Data Collection of the Villages Selected for 2002-2003 to ImplementCommunity Managed WatSan Program

General Information

• NGO Forum Regional office name

• Partner Organisation's name

• Name of the selected village

• Address of the selected village

Union Thana/Upazila District.,

1. Information regarding the respondent

• Respondent's name : Father/ Husband's name,

b. (Female) ~^\ c. Trans gender

b. (Housewife)

• Sex : a. (Male)

Respondent's profile: a.(Household head)

Respondent's Educational Background

a. Illiterate T

c. (Other member)

d. 6th-10th standard L J

g. Graduate Equivalent

2. Household's information:

• Household's population: a. Male

b. Only can signature

e. S.S.C/Equivalent

c. Up to 5th Standard

f. H.S.C/ Equivalent

h. Post Graduate/ Equivalent i. Other (specify)

b. Female c. < 5 Children d) Total

Educational background of 5> age members of the Household (write the category wise persons)

a. Illiterate b. Only can signature c. Up to 5th Standard •

d. 6th-10th standard e. S.S.C/ Equivalent f. H.S.C/Equivalent

g. Graduate Equivalent h. Post Graduate/ Equivalent i. Other (specify)

Principal earning source of the Household

a. Agriculture I I b. Daily Labour I I c. Fish related profession I I d. Business/ Contractorship V~

g. Potteringe Rickshaw/ Van/pushcart pulling/ boat roaring/ car driving

i. Goldingsmithing

f. Working in other's houses

h. Blacksmithing . Other professions

Early earning pattern of the Household: (in taka)

b. Between 10,000 to 15 thousanda. < 10000 c. Between 15,000 to 20 thousand

d. Between 20,000 to 25 thousand e. More than 25 thousand

2. Which sources of water do your household members generally use for the following purposes( * mark

Uses ofwater

DrinkingCookingUtensil washingGargling/ Uzu/ washing face/bathingRaw Vegetable/ Fruitswashing

?in the appropriate column

Sources of waterFubewell/pump/plants

Safe Unsafe (haveunacceptablelevel of Arsenic/Iron Salinity)

Pond well Danal/River Rain water Others

3. What is the distance between your kitchen and the TW/pump/plant from where your family collets water?

a. Not applicable because we do not collect water from TW/Pump/plant b. Distance (feet)

4. Which type of purification method you have followed to purify water if" you had collected it frompond/lake/canal/river/traditional well/rainwater within last one year?

a. Not applicable L J b. Haven't purified

d. Have filtered through straining

d. Have used Fitkeric. Have drunk after boiling

e. Have used Filter I I f. Have used purifying tablets

5. Where do your household members (age more than 5 years) go for defecation? (* mark in the appropriate column)

Householdmember category

MaleFemale

Defecation siteSeptic/Offsetlatrine

Ring slab latrine Pit Latrine Hanging/ openLatrine

Open place/bush/others

6. What are the reasons for which your household members (age more than 5 years) do not use pit/septic/ring slab/offsetlatrine ? (Might have multiple answers)

a. Not applicable because household members use pit/septic/ring slab/offset latrine

b. Don't know/ unawareness _

e. Others (specify)

c. Due to lack of space | | d. Due to lack of finance

7. Do your household_members always wash hands before meal?

a. Do not wash b. wash one hand only with water

e. Wash both the hands only with water

c. wash one hand with soap

f. Wash both the hands with soap

8. Do your household members always wash hands after defecation?

a. Do not wash b. wash one hand only with water

e. Wash one hand with Soap

g. Wash both the hands with Ash/Soil

c. Wash one hand with Ash/ Soil

f. Wash both the hands only with water

h. Wash both the hands with Soap

9. Do your household members always wear slipper during defecation?

a. Use slipper b. Do not use slipper

10. Where your household members dispose of household waste?

a. At fixed place/hole I I b. At water bodies (canal/river/lake/ponds) I I c. Any place

WatSan knowledge related information

11. Do you know what happens if arsenic contaminated water is drunk?

a. Yes b.No

12. What types of diseases might occur if surface water is drunk water filtration/purification and due to existence of

improper sanitation? (Might have multiple answers)

a. Diarrhoea | | b. Dysentery | ] c. Typhoid

] g. Otherse. Skin disease

b. Dysentery

f. warm

d. Jaundice

h. Do not know

13, Did any of your household members having age more than 5 years have suffered diarrhoeal attack within last one

month?

- b.Noa. Yes I I if yes than how many persons •

The following questions are only applicable for those whose household have under five children

14. Not applicable because household does not have under five children

14,1. Did any of your household members (children) having age less than 5 years have suffered diarrhoeal attack within

last one month?

a. Yes Q if yes than how many persons b.No

14.2. Where does the under 5 children of your household defecate?

a. Not applicable for children having 0-2 years age

c. At ring-slab latrine

b. At septic/offset latrine

f. At open place/courtyard

d. At pit latrine

I—I g. Any place/bush/others

e. At open/hanging latrine L J

14.3. Where do you dispose of faeces of your household's under five children?

a. Not applicable because household does not have under five children

c. At fixed hole [~J d. At garden

g. Wash on the platform of TW/pump/plant

b. At latrine

f. wash in the pond/canal/lake/river

h. any place i. Left open

14.4. Do your household members always wash hands after cleaning the bottom of <5 children?

a. Not applicable because children themselves wash

d. Wash one hand with Ash/ Soilb. Do not wash c. wash one hand only with water

e. Wash one hand with Soap

g. Wash both the hands with Ash/Soil

f. Wash both the hands only with water

h. Wash both the hands with Soap

Observation:

15. Whether the drinking water pot is cleaned?

a. Not applicable because the pot is empty I—I b. Yes

16. Whether the drinking water pot is covered

a. Not applicable because the pot is empty/ there is no pot Q

17. Distance between house and latrine

a. Not applicable because household does not have any latrine

18. Whether ash/soap/soil/water is preserved near the latrine?

a. Not applicable because household does not have any latrine

LJ c. No L J

• c. No

b.Yes

b. distance —

c. No

— feet

b. Yes

19. Distance between latrine and TW/pump/plant

a. Not applicable because household does not have any latrine or TW/pump/planti i r™^"l i ii—i

b. Less than 7 feet I—I c. 7-15 feet d. 16-32 feet D e. More than 33 feet

20. Whether the ring slab latrine has proper gooseneck (water seal)?

a. Not applicable because household does not have any ring-slab latrine

b. Yes Q c. No

21. Whether the pan slab of septic/offset/ring-slab is cleaned?

a. Not applicable because household does not have any septic/offset/ring-slab latrine | |

"I c. Nob. Yes

22. Whether the surrounding areas of of septic/offset/ring-slab is cleaned? (faeces are not there)

a. Not applicable because household does not have any septic/offset/ring-slab latrine

c. Nob. Yes

23. Whether human excreta is seen in the courtyard

a. Yes I I b. No

Name of the Data Collector (NGO Forum Staff):-

Name of the Co-data Collector (PNGO Staff) :-

Signature:

Signature:

NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation 14/6, Blook-E, Lalmatia, Dhaka f

Checklist 1For " • ' . • . ' J j

Baseline survey through WatSan Mappings of the Villages Selected for 2002-2003 toImplement Community Managed WatSan Program |

(Using 1, 4,5,17,18, 19 & 20 no variables collect information about the entire village and use rest of the variable to acquire data ,|about the Watsan selected portion of the village) )

Checklist for data collection through Social Mapping ." t

1. Information of the entire village:• Total population• Total Household

2. Information of the portion of the village selected for WatSan program• Population:

> Male ...> Female> under five children

• Number of Household:> Total households> Number of households having under five children

3. Principal Earning source wise Households figure:

Number of Households whose principal earning source is Agriculture |Number of Households whose principal earning source is day labour INumber of Households whose principal earning source is fish related economic activity 1Number of Households whose principal earning source is Business/ Contactorship iNumber of Households whose principal earning source is Rickshaw/Van/ Pushcart pulling or boat troaring or car driving |Number of Households whose principal earning source is working at others house JNumber of Households whose principal earning source is pottering INumber of Households whose principal earning source is the work of blacksmith |Number of Households whose principal earning source is the work of goldsmith |Number of Households whose principal earning source is service IOthers 1

Checklist for data collection through Resource and Hazard Mapping j

4. Number of school situated in the entire village ••••']NGO School |Primary School (up to 5th standard) :Junior High School (up to 8th standard)High School (up to 10th standard)College \ IMadrasha !Others : i

5. Number of school situated in the entire village• Mashzed• Mandir/ Church/ Pagoda :

6. Number of big & medium size ponds that can be use as catchment pond for PSF (Pond Sand Filter)(information about the Watsan selected portion)

7. Number of Roof that can be use as catchment for RWHS (Rain Water Harvesting System)(information about the Watsan selected portion)

8. Category and collection source wise number of functional and dysfuntional Tubewell/Pump/Plant availablein the the Watsan program selected portion:

• No 6 Tubewell (Shallow suction pump):> Government

. ' . . . . > Market> NGO Forum> Other NGOs

• Conversion Pump (Suction pump):> Government> Market

• ' • ' • > N G O Forum> OtherNGOs

• Deep Tubewell (deep suction pump):> Government> Market :

> NGO Forum '.> Other NGOs

• Tara Deep set Pump (Force mode pump):> Government> Market> NGO Forum •> OtherNGOs

• Arsenic Iron Removal plant:> Government> Locally made

' > NGO Forum> OtherNGOs

• Rain Water Harvesting System (RWHS):> Government

• > Locally made> NGO Forum ;> OtherNGOs

• Pond Sand Filter (PSF): . . . ' • •> Government> Locally made> NGO Forum> OtherNGOs

• Others:> Government

'• ' > Market/locally made> NGO Forum

> OtherNGOs

9. Ownership pattern wise number of Tubewell available in the Watsan program selected portion of the village:• Number of Private TW/Pump/plant:

> Owned by single household> Owned by multipale households

• Number of Community owned TW/pump/plant:• Number of TW/pump/plant owned by institution:

10. Number of TW/pump have tested for Arsenic contamination:• Number of tested TW/pump/plants' water have unacceptable level of arsenic contamination:• Number of tested TW/pump/plants' water does not have unacceptable level of arsenic contamination:

11. Number of TW/pump/plants' water reportedly have unacceptable level of Iron contamination:12. Number of TW/pump/plants'water reportedly have high salinity:13. Number of Safe TW/pump/plant situated in the Watsan program selected portion of the village

• Number of safe functional TW/pump/plants:• Number of safe dysfunctional TW/pump/plant

14. Number of TW/pump/plants does not have proper platform:• Number of TW/pump/plants does not have any platform :• Number of TW/pump/plants does not have drain• Number of TW/Pump/Plants' platform/drain have cracks .jy,

15. Category wise number of Latrine available in the in the Watsan program selected portion of the village ']l

• Number of septic/Offset latrine:• Number of Ring slab latrine: •'• Number of covered and uncovered pit latrine:• Number of open/hanging latrine u

16. Ownership pattern wise septic/offset/ring slab/pit latrine f• Number of Private latrine: f

> Owned by single household >!> Owned by multipale households ..£

• Others M17. Village sanitation Center related information:

• Number VSC situated in the entire village:• If there is no VSC in the entire village than the distance of nearest VSC (in Mile): '..:

18 Running authority of the VSC situated in the village/nearest one ,,N• Number VSC run by governmet: /'".<:• Number of VSC run by private producer 2• Number of VSC run with support of NGO Forum • *• Number of VSC run by other NGOs • j

19. Number of Mason available in the entire village who can make ring slab |20. Number of Mechanic available in the entire village who can repair/ install TW/pump/plants: j

%.