Organising Committee

Dr. Erman AKILLI – CESRAN International, UK

Prof. Dr. Murat CEMREK – Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkey

Dr. Rahman DAG – CESRAN International, UK

Prof. Dr. Alpaslan OZERDEM – CESRAN International, UK

Dr. Husrev TABAK – CESRAN International, UK

Dr. Ozgur TUFEKCI – CESRAN International, UK International Scientific Committee

Assist. Prof. Emel Akcali – Central European University, Hungary

Prof. Hayati Aktas – Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey

Prof. Mehmet Arslan – Al-Farabi Kazakh National Uni., Kazakhstan

Assoc. Prof. Harley D. Balzer – Georgetown University, USA

Prof. Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer – Georgetown University, USA

Assist. Prof. Boris Barkanov – West Virginia University, USA

Prof. Mark Bassin – Södertörn University, Sweden

Prof. Li Bennich-Björkman – Uppsala University, Sweden

Prof. László Borhi – Indiana University, USA

Dr. Emre Ersen – Marmara University, Turkey

Dr. Ayla Göl – Aberystwyth University, UK

Assoc. Prof. Steven Ekovich – The American University of Paris, France

Prof. Catherine Evtuhov – Georgetown University, USA

Assist. Prof. Vugar Imanov – Istanbul Sehir University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Emre Iseri – Yasar University, Turkey

Prof. Kamer Kasım – Abant Izzet Baysal University, Turkey

Assist. Prof. Oleg Kobtzeff – The American University of Paris, France

Dr. Nadiya Kravets – Harvard University, USA

Assist. Prof. Robert Kusnierz – Harvard University, USA

Dr. Edward J. Lazzerini – Indiana University, USA

Prof. Sheripzhan Nadyrov – Al-Farabi Kazakh National Uni., Kazakhstan

Prof. Zenonas Norkus – Vilnius University, Lithuania

Prof. Gulnara Nyussupova – Al-Farabi Kazakh National Uni., Kazakhstan

Prof. Kerem Oktem – University of Graz, Austria

Assist. Prof. Oner Ozcelik – Indiana University, USA

Dr. Paul Richardson – University of Manchester, UK

Dr. Indira Sarsenova – Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan

Prof. Nazif M. Shahrani – Indiana University, USA

Dr. Stuart Shields – University of Manchester, UK

Assoc. Prof. Oktay F. Tanrısever – Middle East Technical University, Turkey

Assoc. Prof. Aigul Tokbergenova – Al-Farabi Kazakh National Uni., Kazakhstan

Prof. Frances Trix – Indiana University, USA

14:30-16:00

FR02: Friday | Panel | Theme: Geopolitics of Eurasia: Culture and Religion Chair/Discussant: İdris Demir, (Medeniyet University, Turkey)

Role of Religion in Politics and Society in Kyrgyzstan Yaşar Sarı (Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University, Kyrgyzstan)

Post-Kemalist Norms in the Outside Turks Locality in Kosovo: Kosovar Turks` Quandary with post-Kemalist Turkey

Hüsrev Tabak (CESRAN International, United Kingdom) Permanent Features of Tribal Behaviour towards the Ruling Regime in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

Valeria Ruggiu (University of Cagliari, Italy) Women in Suicide Operations: An Issue for Eurasian Security

Maria Alvanou (Catholic University-Milan, Italy)

16:00-16:30 Coffee Break

16:30-18:00

FR03: Friday | Panel | Theme: Energy Politics Chair/Discussant: Alaeddin Yalçınkaya (Marmara University, Turkey)

Energy Card In Turkish Foreign Policy İdris Demir (Medeniyet University, Turkey)

Energy Politics and Energy Security of Eurasia or Geopolitics of Eurasia Deniz Tören (Yıldız Technical University, Turkey)

The Tripartite Energy Game and Turkey’s Potential as a “Eurasian Energy Hub Göktuğ Sönmez (School of Oriental and African Studies | SOAS, United Kingdom)

Iran-Russia Energy Cooperation: Strategic Implications Omid Shokri Kalehsar (Yalova University, Turkey)

16:30-18:00

FR04: Friday | Panel | Theme: Historical Perspectives and New Issues in the Eurasia-Latin America Relations Chair/Discussant: Nilüfer Narlı (Bahçeşehir University, Turkey)

Towards the peripheries of the Western World: Russia, Turkey and Azerbaijan‘s policies to Latin America

Ariel Gonzalez (Koc University, Turkey / Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina)

Brazil, Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Notes on Ancient Relations and Recent Proximity

Monique Sochaczewski (Fundação Getulio Vargas, Brazil) Latin American Studies in Turkey

Ayşe Yarar (Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey) On Dynamics of Turkey’s Trade Relations with Latin America and Caribbean Region

Emine Tahsin (Istanbul University, Turkey) Brazil–Eurasia Relations

Ekrem Eddy Güzeldere (University of Hamburg, Germany)

1

LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES IN TURKEY

Introduction

As a regional research area, Latin America has not been much common in Turkey.

There are some reasons for this situation. First of all, geographical distance, lack of historical,

political and economic relations between Turkey and Latin American countries have detained

researchers to encourage them conducting academic studies about Latin American history or

politics. Caucasia, Middle East and the Balkans are important in Turkey’s historical

development. It means that researchers put heavy emphasis on Caucasian, Middle Eastern and

Balkan countries. Also as a technical condition, the necessity of knowledge of Spanish

language induced the researchers to avoid Latin American studies.

However, Latin American studies in Turkey are developing steadily in recent years.

Economic, social and political changes of Latin America have attracted the attention of the

Turkish social scientists. Also similarities between Turkey and Latin American countries

especially Mexico, Argentina and Brazil in terms of structural, social, economic and political

development processes have been accepted by many social scientists. For this reason

academicians have taken an interest in Latin America lately. Due to some technical issues

explained above, this interest has been growing slowly. Especially lack of Spanish language

education and Latin American political history in social sciences departments of universities

has apparently prevented students having a primary interest in Latin America. Even in

international relations departments of the universities, Latin American history or politics

courses are limited or not available. Also there is not any Latin American culture and

literature department for undergraduate students in Turkey. But Department of Spanish

Language and Literature at Ankara University gives some courses on Latin American

literature and history to the undergraduate students.

Ankara University has been one of the leading institutions trying to develop a Latin

American study area in Turkey. In order to carry out various studies and academic works

about the region, Latin American Studies Research Center of Ankara University was opened

in 2009. But also there are Latin American studies departments for graduate students at

Middle East Technical University in Ankara and Bahçesehir University in Istanbul. On the

other hand, there are some books, articles and thesis on Latin American history, societies,

politics and economies written by academicians, independent researchers, master and doctoral

students. Strategic Research Centers in Turkey have also Latin American Research

Departments. Thus Latin America as a region or Latin American countries one by one have

started to be examined especially in a comparative way with Turkey.

Universities, research centers and scholarly organizations where Latin American

studies are conducting, books and articles written about Latin America will be explained

below under the relevant titles.

2

1. Latin American Studies Research Center of Ankara University

Latin American Studies Research Center was founded on April 11, 2009. The aim of

this research center is to make scientific studies on Latin American countries, to determine

how the developments in Turkey are perceived in Latin America and the developments in

Latin America are perceived in Turkey, to train researchers specializing in Latin America, to

organize national and international conferences, seminars, workshops and meetings about

Latin American countries, to support the projects of the scientists who would like to make

research about the region.1

Latin American Studies master programme has been carried out in this research center

since the spring semester of 2010-2011 academic year. Latin American Independence Period,

Agricultural Policies and Rural Development in Latin America, Spain under the Catholic

Kings and Discovery, Indigenous movements in Latin America, Latin American Politics,

Military Regimes in Latin America during the Cold War period, Economic History and

Development of Latin America are some of the courses taught to master students. On the

other hand, a project was performed under the name of “The Beginning of The Relations

Between Ottoman State and Latin America In The 200th Year of Independence”. The Latin

American states that are the subject of this project are Mexico, Cuba, Brazil, Argentina,

Venezuela, Chile, Ecuador and Peru. This Project was published as a book in 2012 in Turkish,

Spanish and Portuguese. The name of the book is Ottoman Empire – Latin America (Initial

Period).2

The other activity of the center was Latin America Workshop that was organized in

Ankara, capital city of Turkey on 22nd-23rd of November, 2012 with collaboration of the

Turkish Cooperation and Coordination Agency and Latin American Studies Research and

Application Center. History of Latin America, its social and economic structure, governance

and its position in international relations were discussed in the workshop.

In addition to the academic works, Latin American Studies Research Center Library

was opened. It is the first one that established in Turkey for the researchers interested in Latin

American history, culture and politics. The outstanding works of Latin American literature are

found in this library; also there are many other works on Latin American history, culture,

economic and social structure and political life.3

2. Latin And North American Studies at Middle East Technical University

Latin and North American Studies at METU provides interdisciplinary academic

programme for the graduate students. Thus students have the opportunity to learn about the

history, culture, politics, society and economy of Latin and North America in a comparative

way.

1 http://latinamerika.ankara.edu.tr/?bil=bil_icerik&icerik_id=29

2 Mehmet Necati Kutlu, Şebnem Atakan, Erkan Yurtaydın, Özlem Kaygusuz, Nazan Çiçek, Gökhan Erdem

Ottoman Empire – Latin America (Initial Period) (Osmanlı İmparatorluğu- Latin Amerika -Başlangıç Dönemi),

Directorate of Ankara University Research Center for Latin American Studies, Ankara, February 2012. 3 http://latinamerika.ankara.edu.tr/index.php?bil=bil_icerik&icerik_id=25

3

There are two must courses of the program each provide a survey of Latin and North

American history, economy and politics. Aside from this common core courses students are

allowed to tailor their choice of courses according to their particular interests. Proficiency in

Spanish is required for the students. Students take at least three levels of Spanish courses

offered by the department of modern languages.4 Latin America: Past, Present and Future

Trends, Political Economy of NAFTA, Contemporary Issues in Latin American Politics,

Political Economy of Latin America and the Caribbean, Politics and Society in Latin America

are some of the courses given to the graduate students.5

Students under the guidance of their academic advisors concentrate on a topic and

undertake an investigation on a research problematique to complete the major requirements of

the program. Students can choose to a write a master thesis or a term project. If they choose

the latter they complete the program by taking two additional courses.6

In order to build academic linkages with institutions and scholars throughout North

and Latin America, bilateral exchange and cooperation agreements are established and

maintained with research institutions in the North and Latin America and the Caribbean,

thereby it is tried to facilitate transnational collaborative research.7 Also some seminars are

organized on special issues of Latin American Regions.

3. American Studies Center at Bahçeşehir University

American Studies Center at Bahçeşehir University aims to examine political, social

and cultural structures of Latin American countries and the USA. American Studies Center

tries to inform the public about cultural, social, political and economic dynamics of Turkey-

US relations and Turkish-Latin American relations via its academic works. American Studies

Center provides the researchers and academicians from the USA and Latin American

countries to come to Turkey to make academic works within the framework of academic

exchange programs.8

American Studies Center organizes national and international programs which aim to

equip its participants with theoretical and practical knowledge about the Turkish-American

relations and the current developments taking place on the American continent. Except

national and international certificate programs, American Studies Center runs various projects

and organizes round-table meetings which are becoming more and more important within the

last years.9

4 http://lna.metu.edu.tr/about

5 http://lna.metu.edu.tr/courses

6 http://lna.metu.edu.tr/about

7 http://lna.metu.edu.tr/about

8 http://www.bahcesehir.edu.tr/idaribirimler/amers

9 http://www.bahcesehir.edu.tr/administrative/amers/about

4

4. Strategic Research Centers

There are a considerable number of strategic research centers in Turkey. The aim of

these centers is to make analysis about regional politics, international relations, conflicted

areas in the world, current issues of world politics and bilateral, regional, and multilateral

international relations of Turkey. Turkish Asian Center For Strategic Studies (TASAM) is one

of them. Latin America and Carribean is one of the research areas of this center.

Academic staff or regional experts of TASAM have arranged some organizations

about Latin America. The analyses that have been made by the research experts are on the

website of the center.10

TASAM started to make Latin American and Caribbean studies with

the international congress in 2009. Then strategical report about the congress was published.11

TASAM has maintained Latin American and Caribbean studies since that time. Workshops

have been organized in Ankara with the participations of diplomatic mission officials from

Latin America and Caribbean and related institutions.

The Turkish-Latin American and Caribbean Congress was held in Ankara between the

23th and 25th of September of 2010 by the cooperation of Turkish Asian Center for Strategic

Studies (TASAM) and the Latin American Studies Research Center (LAMER) of Ankara

University.12

In the first and second sessions “Economic Integration and Institutionalization in

Latin America and Caribbean”, in the third and fourth sessions “Integration Institutions in

Latin America and Caribbean”, in the fifth session “Developmental Cooperation between

Turkey and the Latin American and Caribbean Region”, in the sixth and seventh sessions

“Integration Institutions and Cooperation Perspectives in Latin America and Caribbean” were

presented and discussed. In the 8th and last session of the Congress, which is titled as General

Evaluation and Closing Session, Director of the Latin American Studies Research Center,

Prof. Dr. Mehmet Necati Kutlu, Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Brazil Marcelo

Andrade de Moraes Jardim, Ambassador of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Raul Jose

Betancourt Seeland, Ambassador of the Republic of Cuba Jorge Quesada Conception,

Ambassador of the Republic of Chile Luis Kenneth Palmas Castillo, Ambassador of the

Republic of Ecuador Augusto Alejandro Saa Corriere, Ambassador of the United Mexican

States Jaime Garcia Amaral and Ambassador of the Republic of Argentina Armando Juan

Jose Maffei presented their evaluation speeches.13

10

Visit the pages for detailed information: http://www.tasam.org/en/Spektrum/9/Latin_Amerika_ve_Karayipler?

http://www.tasam.org/en/news?sp=9

http://www.tasam.org/en/comment?sp=9 11

For the detailed information:

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3283/first_workshop_final_report_quotthe_relations_between_turkey_-

_latin_america_and_caribbeanquot

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3284/turkish_%E2%80%93_latin_american_and_carribean_meeting 12

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3238/2nd_turkish-

latin_american_and_caribbean_congress_was_held_in_ankara Also visit the page:

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3241/2nd_turkish-latin_american_congress_in_ankara 13

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/3238/2nd_turkish-

latin_american_and_caribbean_congress_was_held_in_ankara

5

The other organization of TASAM was Brazil-Turkey Country Meeting. It was held

on the date of 8 - 9 of March 2012 in Rio de Janeiro, under the theme of “Turkey and Brazil:

Rising Powers in The Changing World Order”. The aim of the meeting was to describe each

country’s role and aim in the current international system, to set communications among the

politicians, academicians and analysts from both sides and to produce strategy. The discussion

topics were “Regional Policies”, “Economy”, “Social Policies”, “Foreign Policy”, “Energy”

and “Global Vision”.14

Also a report was published at the end of the meeting.15

Various

forums, workshops, meetings and congresses will be maintained to organize and reports to

publish by TASAM.

Wise Men Center for Strategic Studies is the other strategic research center in Turkey.

Latin America is one of the research areas of this center. Some of the research titles are as

follow: “Relations between Iran and Latin America”, “Brazil: Shining Star”, Turkey, Brazil

and New Geopolitics of the World”, “The Relations of Turkey and Latin America”,

“Integration Efforts of Latin American States and the EU Model”.16

Another research center

is Center for International Strategy and Security Studies where the researchers make analyses

about regional politics. There are also some analyses published on the web site of this center

about Latin American countries.17

5. Publications

Books:

Some of the books published in Turkey by Turkish writers on Latin American

countries, culture, economics and politics are below:

We Are Making Revolution Here, Señorita (Biz Burada Devrim Yapıyoruz Sinyorita)

written by Ece Temel Kuran was first published in 2006. Temelkuran tried to explain the

process of formation and development of the Bolivarian revolution under the leardership of

Hugo Chavez in Venezuela. She is giving her observations about Venezuela and Chavez just

after her trip to the readers.

I Would like to Melt at Heavens and Go (Göklerde Eriyip Gitmek İsterdim) written by

Ataol Behramoğlu was first published in 2011. Behramoğlu translated some poems of Jose

Marti in his book. Kuba Is Not Far Away – The Story Of Our Fidel (Küba Uzak Değil - Bizim

Fidel’in Öyküsü) by Dursun Özden was published in 1998. What's Happening in Venezuela?

Hugo Chavez And The Bolivarian Revolution (Venezüella’da Neler Oluyor? Hugo Chavez ve

Bolivarcı Devrim) written by Ali Mert was first published in 2005. He analyzed Bolivarian

14

http://www.tasam.org/en/Icerik/4656/brazil_-_turkey_country_meeting_in_rio 15

Visit the page to see the report: http://www.tasam.org/Files/Icerik/File/turkiye_-

_brezilya_raporu_yayimlandi_92c35ba9-3ebb-452b-a9c0-5c85c85f0d2c.pdf 16

http://www.bilgesam.org/tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=89&Itemid=128

http://www.bilgesam.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=89&Itemid=139 17

Visit the page for the analyses: http://www.usgam.com/tr/index.php?l=807&cid=1841&konu=0&bolge=0

http://www.usgam.com/tr/index.php?l=844&cid=1689&konu=0&bolge=6

6

Revolution process and Chavez’s policies in the book. The book is also consisted of Chavez’s

speeches and writings and interviews about Venezuela and Chavez.

History of the Revolt in Latin America (Latin Amerika’da İsyanın Tarihi) published in

2008 and Latin America: There Was Always Rebellion (Latin Amerika: İsyan Hep Vardı)

published in 2009 were edited by Sibel Özbudun. Struggle against Spanish colonialism and

neo liberal capitalism were explained in these books. Latin America Is Revolting (Latin

Amerika Başkaldırıyor) written by Temel Demirer, Sibel Özbudun, Cahide Sarı,

Subcomandante Marcos was published in 2005; The Return Of Mayas (Mayaların Dönüşü)

written by Sibel Özbudun and the others was published in 1998; Zapatistas: Rebels At The

World's Balcony (Dünyanın Balkonundaki İsyancılar: Zapatistalar) written by Sibel Özbudun,

Temel Demirer and Fikret Başkaya was published in 1996; Indigenous Movements In Latin

America (Latin Amerika’da Yerli Hareketleri) written by Sibel Özbudun was published in

2012. All of these books are about history and current politics of Latin America.

Hugo Chavez And The Revolution At Revolution (Hugo Chavez ve Devrimde Devrim)

first published in 2005, Bolivia: from Revolution to Revolution (Devrimden Devrime Bolivya)

first published in 2007 were written and The Boiling Veins Of Latin America (Latin

Amerika’nın Kaynayan Damarları) first published in 2004 was edited by Masis Kürkçügil.

Charm, Faith and Revolt: Latin American Literature From The Beginning To The 18th

Century (Tılsım, İnanç ve Başkaldırı: Başlangıcından 18. Yüzyıla Kadar Latin Amerika

Edebiyatı) first published in 2012 was written by Mehmet Necati Kutlu. It is about literal and

cultural works of Latin America. Necati Kutlu analyzed and presented important writers and

their works from Latin American region in a historical perspective. A Traveler Knight in

Turkey: Nogales Mendez (Türkiye’de Bir Gezgin Şövalye: Nogales Mendez) is the other book

of Mehmet Necati Kutlu. It was first published in 2000. Nogales Mendez was a Venezuelan

soldier, adventurer and writer. Necati Kutlu wrote the period that Mendez’s arrival and life in

Ottoman Empire during the First World War. Necati Kutlu is also one of the writers of these

books that Ottoman Empire – Latin America (Initial Period) (Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Latin

Amerika Başlangıç Dönemi) and Bolivar And Ataturk, Ataturk and Bolivar (Bolivar ve

Atatürk, Atatürk ve Bolivar). The other writers of the second book are Kaldone Nweihed and

Reinaldo Rojas. Ataturk and Bolivar are the liberators of their own regions. They are heroic

figures; Ataturk in Turkey and Bolivar in Latin America. Independence struggles and political

principles of them were analyzed and compared in this book. Latin American Stories of 20th

Century (20. Yüzyıl Latin Amerika Öyküleri) is the other book that was edited by Necati

Kutlu. It was published in 1999.

Relations between Ottoman Empire and Latin America in 19th and 20th Centuries (19.

Ve 20. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Latin Amerika İlişkileri) was written by Mehmet Temel and

published in 2004. In this book, economic, political and cultural relations of the Ottoman

Empire, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Haiti, Chile, Cuba, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras,

Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Bolivia's in the 19th and 20th centuries were examined.

Mexico Painting Renaissance of 20th Century (20. Yüzyıl Meksika Resim Rönesansı)

first published in 1993 was written by Mustafa Aytaç. The History's Back Room Of America

(Tarihin Arka Odası Amerika) first published in 2006 was written by Mustafa Balbay. Balbay

wrote about Brazil, Argentina, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Chile, Mayas and Neruda in the book.

7

The Warrior And The Poet: José Marti (Savaşçı ve Şair Jose Marti) first published in 2006

was edited by Orhan Tüleylioğlu. Life, works and thoughts of Jose Marti are the topic of this

book. The arteries Of Latin America (Latin Amerika’nın Atardamarları) written by Osman

Balcıgil is about four Latin American countries: Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia.

South America: The Sound Of Dance, Music And Revolt (Dansın, Müziğin,

Başkaldırının Sesi: Güney Amerika) written by Mustafa Andıç was published in 2009. He

wrote his observations and experiences in Latin American countries Brazil, Paraguay,

Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela. Understanding

Latin America (Latin Amerika’yı Anlamak) was written by Aylin Topal and first published in

2008. Similarities and differences between Latin American countries were analyzed in terms

of politics in this book. Military Dictatorship And Women in Latin America (Latin

Amerika’da Askeri Diktatörlük ve Kadın) was edited by Ümit Cizre and Serpil Üşür and first

published in 1989. Latin America From Bolivar To Chavez (Bolivar’dan Chavez’e Latin

Amerika) written by Cüneyt Akalın was published in 2008. Three Aspects of Cuba: Political

Representation, Education, Women and Men (Üç Açıdan Küba: Politik Temsil, Eğitim,

Kadın- Erkek) was written by Celil Denktaş and published in 2012. Growth And Stability On

A Knife Edge: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Israel, Turkey (Bıçak Sırtında Büyüme ve İstikrar /

Arjantin, Brezilya, Meksika, İsrail, Türkiye) was written by A. Suut Doğruel and Fatma

Doğruel. It was published in 2006. The writers explained economic structures, problems and

developments of Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Israel and Turkey in a comparative way.

Lands of The Sun (Güneş Toprakları) and Latin America -The Continent Under The

Hat (Şapkanın Altındaki Kıta Latin Amerika) are the books written by Oya Ayman Büber.

The first one was published in 1999. It is about daily life and economic, cultural and political

structure of Latin America. She wrote this book based on her observations during her trip in

Latin America. The last one was published in 2006. This book is based on the experiences of

the writer in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Mexico.

Articles:

Some of the articles on Latin America published in Turkey by Turkish writers are

below:

Missionary Activities in the 16th Century in Central and Southern America and Their

Effects on Natives (16. Yüzyılda Orta ve Güney Amerika’daki Misyoner Faaliyetleri ve Kıta

Yerlileri Üzerindeki Etkileri) published in Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters

with the 24th

volume and 1st number on June, 2007 was written by Pınar Türkecan.

Spanish Colonialism in Latin America and Simon Bolivar's Struggle For

Independence (Latin Amerika’da İspanyol Sömürgeciliği ve Simon Bolivar’ın Bağımsızlık

Mücadelesi) published on January 2013 in the History Studies International Journal of History

with Volume 5 Issue 1 was written by Ayşe Yarar.

Relations Between Ottoman Empire And Brazil in 19th and 20th Centuries (19. Ve 20.

Yüzyılın Başlarında Osmanlı-Brezilya İlişkileri) was written by Mehmet Temel in 2002 for

the Hacettepe University Faculty of Literature Journal, Volume: 19, Issue:2.

8

Labor Migration From The Ottoman Empire To Brazil And Argentina, And Socio-

Economic State Of The Migrants (1850-1915) (Osmanlı’dan Brezilya ve Arjantin’e Emek

Göçü ve Göçmenlerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Durumu 1850-1915) published in Marmara

University Journal of Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 28th

volume and 1st

issue was written by Hamdi Genç and İ. Murat Bozkurt.

Rafael de Nogales Mendez Under The Light of New Informations (Yeni Bilgiler

Işığında Rafael de Nogales Méndez) published in Journal of The Center for Ottoman Studies

Ankara University numbered 16 in 2004; An Answer To The Question of Why Latin America:

Gabriel García Márquez (Neden Edebiyat Sorusuna Latin Amerika’dan Bir Yanıt: Gabriel

García Márquez) published in Littera Edebiyat Yazıları Publication volume 22 on June 2008;

Venezuela: An Unusual Political-Social Event (Venezuela: Alışılmadık Bir Siyasal-Sosyal

Olay) published in Journal of Kamu Yönetimi Dünyası 1st issue of the first year on May 2000;

Venezuela On Labyrinth (Labirentindeki Venezuela) published in Journal of Kamu Yönetimi

Dünyası 10th

issue of the third year on June 2002 were all written by Mehmet Necati Kutlu.

Mexican Land Reform (Meksika Toprak Reformu) published in Ankara University

SBF Journal with 22nd

volume and 1st issue was written by Turgut Tan and Selçuk Yalçındağ.

Established Revolution vs. Unfinished Revolution: Contrasting Patterns of

Democratization in Mexico and Turkey published in Ankara University Faculty of Law

Journal 26th

volume and numbered 1-2 in 1969 was written by Ergun Özbudun.

The Problems of Latin America (Latin Amerika’nın Sorunları) published in Ankara

University SBF Journal with 22nd

volume and 3rd

issue was written by Ünsal Oskay.

The Requirements of Latin America’s Economic Development (Latin Amerika’nın

Ekonomik Gelişmesinin Şartları) published in Ankara University SBF Journal with 8th

volume and 1st issue was written by Cahit Talas.

The Effects of Neo Liberal Economic Policies on Latin America (Neo Liberal Ekonomi

Politikalarının Latin Amerika Üzerindeki Etkileri) published in Marmara University Journal

of Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 21th

volume and 1st issue was written by

Zeynep Zafir Benderli and Zeki İlker Görenel.

Global Financial Crisis And Latin American Economies (Küresel Mali Kriz ve Latin

Amerika Ekonomileri) published in International Economic Issues Journal numbered 32 was

written by Ece Öztürk Çil.

Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 And Turkey Under The Light of New Findings (Yeni

Bulgular Işığında 1962 Küba Krizi ve Türkiye) published in Ankara University SBF Journal

with 52nd

volume and 1st issue was written by Ayşegül Sever.

An Initial To 21st Century Bolivarian Socialism (21. Yüzyıl Sosyalizmine Bolivarcı

Paraf) published in Birikim Journal on March, 2006 was written by Tan Morgül.

9

Chavez's 13-Year Rule Until The Elections in 2012 (2012 Seçimlerine Giderken

Chavez’in 13 Yıllık İktidarı) published in Ankara University SBF Journal with 67th

volume

and 3rd

issue was written by Zeynep Ağdemir.

Effects of Left-Wing Uprising On Political Systems in Latin America (Latin

Amerika’da Solun Yükselişinin Siyasal Sisteme Etkileri) published in Mülkiye Journal with

the 36th

volume and 274th

issue in 2012 was written by Sonay Bayramoğlu Özuğurlu.

Argentinian Security Forces (Arjantin Kolluk Teşkilatı) published in Turkish Journal

of Police Studies with the Vol: 8 (3-4) was written by M. Murat Özer.

The Economic Instability History of Argentina: Downturns And Upturns (Arjantin'in

Ekonomik İstikrarsızlık Tarihi: İnişler ve Çıkışlar) published in Academic Sight International

Refereed Online Journal of Social Sciences on April-May-June 2010 numbered 20 was

written by Suzan Ergün.

Imperial Dreams in Turkish Press And Ottoman Clock Tower in Mexico (Türk

Basınında Emperyal Düşler ve Meksika’daki Saat Kulesi) was written by Aslı Odman on

November, 2007 for the journal of Social History (Toplumsal Tarih) numbered 167. Are The

Winds Blowing From The Left In Mexico? (Meksika’da Rüzgarlar Sol’dan mı Esiyor?) is the

other article written by Aslı Odman. It was published for Birikim journal on March, 2006.

Comparison Of Corporatist Populism in Mexico And Solidarist Statism In Turkey After The

Great Depression of 1929 (1929 Büyük Buhran Sonrası Meksika’da Korporatist Populizm ve

Türkiye’de Solidarist Devletçilik Karşılaştırması) was written by the same writer for a book

chapter that was published in 2006 under the name of Development of Capitalism In Turkey.

Latin America And Arab Spring (Latin Amerika Ve Arap Baharı) was written by

Evren Çelik Wiltse for the journal of Middle Eastern Analysis on October, 2012 as numbered

37. Declining US Influence and Rise of Latin America’s Regional Power: Some Lessons for

Turkey published in 2008 for the 39th volume; Hugo Chavez And Venezuela: The Story of a

Different Leader published in 2006 for the Türk Harb-İş Magazine; Hugo Chavez and the 21st

Century Socialism in Venezuela (Hugo Chavez ve Venezuella’da Gelişen 21. Yüzyıl

Sosyalizmi) published on March 2006 for the Birikim Journal; Lead Researcher: “Brazil and

Turkey: Emerging Nations in a Global World” published as a research report for Boğaziçi

University -TUSIAD (Turkish Industrialists and Business Association) Foreign Policy Forum

numbered DPF 2010-RR 01; Stuck Between Pot and Prostitutes: US Foreign Policy in Latin

America published on June 2012 for Economic Policy Research Foundation of Turkey; US

Foreign Policy in Latin America And Africa published for a book chapter (the name of the

book: US Foreign Policy pressed by Anadolu University ) in 2012 were all written by Mrs.

Çelik.

Anti-Emperialism from National Developmentalism to Neoliberal Globalization: Latin

American Experiences (Ulusal Kalkınmacılıktan Küresel Neoliberalizme Anti-

Emperyalizm:Latin Amerika Deneyimi) published on October 2009 in İstanbul University

Political Science Faculty Journal numbered 41 was written by Aylin Topal.

10

Conclusion

The future for Latin American studies in Turkey is bright. A small, but growing,

number of scholars, researchers, academicians are studying Latin America in Turkey.

Although the absence or lack of historical relations and ties between Turkey and Latin

America, it should be inevitable to study Latin American politics and history especially in a

comparative way with Turkey. Because when we look at the modernization and

democratization processes, civil-military relations, economic development and policies of the

countries of Latin America and Turkey, there are many similarities as well as differences

between them. It is definitely worthwhile to examine and evaluate both the similarities and

differences to understand the details deeply and to find some other facts not known in both

societies. For example we can understand much better the process of modernization and find

the difficulties of this process in non-western societies when we compare Turkey and the

other Latin American countries. Turkey and Latin American countries can be a good and

useful guide to each other.

It should not be forgotten that research activities always depends upon technical

conditions, such as the knowledge of the language, the availability of scholarships to go to the

relevant region and most importantly, the existence and intensity of diplomatic relations. Even

if geographic distance and low level of diplomatic relations of Turkey and Latin American

countries constitute a difficulty to study the region, researchers’ willing to study Latin

America are able to learn Spanish in the language courses to overcome the language problem.

Although there aren’t enough academic units of Spanish language in the departments of

Turkish universities, there are many good Spanish language courses in big cities of Turkey.

Also Mexican Government gives scholarship to the graduate students (in a limited number)

for master, PhD and research programmes every year. On the other hand, some institutions

like the Council of Higher Education (YÖK) and the Scientific and Technological Research

Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) provide scholarship to the researchers in Turkey for their

academic works abroad. Thus Latin America is able to be examined and studied much more

in academic works.