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KUHVA(Arecanut)

Chin Dan

Kuhva chanchin kan han ziahte hi Central Plantation Crops Research

Institute, Kasaragod, Kerela, India-in an buatsaih, Kuhva chingtute kaihhruaina

atanga lak a ni tlangpui a. Chu bakah a ziaktuin Mizoram hmun hrang hranga

kuhva chingtute a kawmna atanga ziah a ni bawk. Mizoram economic dinhmun

siamtha tur hian Plantation Crops: Kuhva, Coffee leh Rubber-te hi kan uar a tul a.

A bik takin huan neitute hian an thil chin hlawkna leh a hralhna an hriat hmasak

a ngai a. Chuvangin kuhva chin hlawkzia tawi tein han tarlang ila.

Kuhva hi Hectare khat (buh ]in 2.5 hmun vel)-ah kung 1400 vel a phun

theih a, a kung inkar hlat lam chu 9ft x 9ft ni thei se a ]ha ber. Kum khatah vawi

khat a rah a, kung khatah a tlem berah 300 vel rahin lo chhut ta ila. Kuhva kg1-ah

hian kuhva rah ro 104 a awm deuh ber a. Chuti a nih chuan kung khatah kg 3 a

tlem berah a rah a nih chu. Tichuan kung 1400 (1 ha.) hmun lo siam ta ila, kum khata sum che vel a

chhutchhuah dan lo thlir ila;

Kung 1-a rah zat - 300 vel (Kg.3 vel) Kung 1400-ah chuan - x3Kgs vel = 4,200 Kgs.

Kg.1 Rs.70/-a hralhin - 4200x70 = Rs.2,94,000.00

(A tlem thei ang berin chhut ila)

Hectare khatah Rs.3,00,000/- vel pawisa kan la lut dawn tihna a lo ni ta

a. A hmun thlawh leh enkawl nan sum lo hmang nual mah ila, lakluh chu tam

tak a la ni. Chhungkaw pakhat tan hectare hnih emaw kung 4000 vel hi

enkawl nuam tawk a ni.

A CHIN DAN LEH A ENKAWL DAN

Kuhva(Areca Catechu) hi Asia khawmualpui chhim lam ram India,

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan leh Nepal rama chengte hian an ei deuh ber a.

Mizoram-ah pawh hian Kuhva ei hi mipui tam zawk kan ni awm e. Hetiang

khawpa a eitu an tam avang hian kuhva huan siam tum tan chuan hralhna a

lungngaihthlak vak lo a ni.

Source

Kuhva(Arecanut)Chin Dan

Department of Agriculture

Page 1-16

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Kuhva chin nan kan Zoram boruak leh leilung hi duhthusam a ni a.

Amaherawhchu, zotlang sang leh boruak vawh ruihna hmunah chuan kuhva

huan siam hi a hlawk lo va, Mizoram-ah rau rau pawh tlema phai boruak lum leh

hnawng tamnaah huan siam theih chuan a ]ha ber. Tin, Mizoram tlang ram tui

tlin theih lohna leh tui luanral zung zung theihna angah hian kuhva chin hi

leilung humhalh nan leh sum dehchhuah nan a ]ha em em a ni.

1. KUHVA PHUN TUR THLAN DAN LEH SAWNGBAWL DAN 1.1. Kuhva kung a]anga chi lak :

Thlai kumhlun kuhva angah hi chuan kuhva rah tam chi ngei phun tur a

ni. Hetiang kuhva rah ram chi hi kuhva huana mi kan zawng chhuak ang a,

chuta mi chu vawthla mai mai lovin a lawhin kan lo tur a ni.

Hetah hian kuhva chite chu hnawng renga vawn an ni. Thla khat hnu atangin a chawr tir uingho a insiam leh siam loh en fo tur a ni. Chubakah a chi kan lak dawn chuan hengte hi hriat reng a tha ang.

a.) A rah bawr tam. b.) A rah lian. c.) A rah chhuah hma/a thar hma leh a kung hrisel. d.) A kung valai a]angin (Upa leh naupang lutuk atangin ni lovin)

1.2 Kuhva Chi Thlan :

Kuhva chi kan lakna tur kuhva kung

atang chuan a rah hmin chauh lak tur a ni.

Kuhva rah te leh chiangkuang mang lote chu

lak tur a ni lo. A tlangpuiin a rah lian tha kan

thlan zingah pawh tlema a chi dangte aia rit

deuh pawh a ]han a tha bik a ni.

Diagram-2 : Germinated Seed 1.3 Nursery: Kuhva hi awlsam taka kuitiah mai atheih lova, chuvangin, fimkhur leh uluk taka

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bul tan tur a ni. A hma lam kan sawi tawh angin kuhva kuitiah tur chu a kung a hrisel leh arah bawr tama mi a lawha lawh tur a ni. Hawlh thlak mai mai tur a ni lo. A rah hmin November-December vela lawh chu lei laihkhuar 6ft-a sei, 4ft-a zau leh 1 ft-a thuka a chi/a rah chu 3-4 inches vela chhahin chap ang che. A chite hi a khamphei zawnga muin, an vawkmut tur a ni. Khuar chhunga a chi kan dah chu di pan taka khuh a, di chu lei pan taka khuh leh tur a ni. Tichuan, ni 40 hnuah a rah kawr (serthlum rawng) chu a lo dum ta a. A khuhna chu hai hawngin , a chite chu a chawrna lamah I keu then a, a uingho a lo chhuak ta a. Heng kuhva rawn tiaktir hi nisa leh ruahsur nasa lutuk laka ven nan Nursery chu a chung dap emaw diin emaw siamsak tur a ni. A tiak tur uingho nei chauh secondary bed-ah sawnchhuah tur a ni a, tiak lo turho chu ei atan silfai mai tur a ni.

Secondary bed chu a tlangpuiin 150 cm emaw 5 ft-a zau ni sela, a sei lam

erawh chu phunsawn tur kan neih tam dan azir angin ni mai sela. Daihlim pe

tura Balhla kan lo phun hmasa anih chuan 2.7x2.7 mt. a inhlatin phun tur a ni,

kuhva a tiak kan phun sawnte chu 30x30cm-a inhlatin fur thlen dawnah

secondary bed-ah chuan dah tur a ni. A theih hram chuan secondary Nursery-ah

hian kuhva tiak phun sawn hmain bawng ek leitha tam tawk dah ni sela, a tha

khawp ang. Secondary bed-ah pawh hian kuhva tiakte chuan daihlim an

mamawh ve tho va, chuvangin kan sawi tawh ang khan balhla lo phun hmasak

tur kan tih tawh kha. Nursery bed-a a awm lai chuan tui pek thin tur a ni.

Nursery hi thlawhfai leh chawhphut fo tur a ni.

Kuhva chi hi polythene bag-ah pawh dah theih a, polythene bag chu lei

chunglang leh bawngek leh balu (7:3:2) chawpawlhin tikhat la, kuhva tiakte chu

secondary bed-a dah kher lovin polythene bag-ah chuan a dah theih a ni.

1.4 Kuhva tiak thlan dan : Kuhva tiakte chu thla 12 atanga thla 18 an lo tlin

chuan kuhva huan tur atana kan lo buatsaihah chuan a phunsawn theih ta

a. Kuhva tiaka hnah 5 emaw 5 aia tam neite thlan tur a ni. Kuhva tiak phun

chhuah tur san zawng hian a rah thar tamah kawngro a su hle a .

Chuvangin kuhva tiak sang deuh ai chuan tawilam chum tha bet bawt

thlang ang che. Kan hriat theih tur chu a tiak phun chhuah atana

duhthusam chu a hnah a tam thei ang ber ni sela duhthusam a ni. Kuhva

tiak kan phunsawn turte chu fimkhur takin lei tam tawk nen lak

chhuah/karphawn tur a ni. Polythene bag- a mite erawh chu hmun hla

deuh zawkah pawh a kalpui theih a ni.

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II. KUHVA HUAN SIAM 2.1 A phun hun :

Kuhva hi tui luanral zung zung theihna hmun angah chuan May, June-

ah hian phun ngei tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, lei ban (clay soil) awmna hmunah

chuan August-Septemner-a phun a pawi lova, tui erawh tlintir tur a ni lo.

2.2 Terrace :

Huan tlo leh ro tling tura ruahman nghal hi Soil and Water Conservation Department duhdan anih avangin, terrace kuhva hmunah chuan laih ngei tura

tih a ni. Ram a awihna hmunah hei hi a ngai zual a , hmun zawl zawkah chuan ,

contour trench siam mai a pawi lo, terrace zau tak hi atirah chuan a ngai lem

lova; 1.3 metres (4ft aia zau hret) a tawk viau a ni. Hei hi huante a lo puitlin a ,

mamawhnate a awm chuan, a laih zauh belh zel theih a ni. Terrace inkar hlat

zawng hi 2.73 metres (centre to centre) ni sela, spacing 9ft. kan tih nen a inang

tawk a ni. Terrace zawl zau lai takah khur 9ft. danah laihkhuar phei tur a ni.

2.3 A phun Dan :

Kuhva kungte hian nisa lutuk an tuar thei lova, chuvangin tlakdeng nisa

rum rut lakah venhim an ngai a ni. Awmze nei thlep thlawpa kuhva kungte hi kan

phun chuan ni sa lutuk, a kungin an tuar chu a ven theih a ni. Square system an

tih mai kuhva kung inhlat zawng 2.7x2.7m chhim leh hmar zawnga kuhva kung

phun tlar hian tlakdeng nisa lutuk lakah kung tam zawk a veng a, kuhva kung

hmatawng emaw line hmasa ber chhim lam leh chhimthlang lampanga awmte

chu kuhva kung changel hnah leh hnah hlai dangin emaw tuama daihlim pe turin

thing thangduang chi phun tur ani, a hmaa kan lo phunsa anih loh chuan.

2.4. A phun :

Khur 90cm x 90cm (3x3x3ft), a inkar hlat zawnga 2.7m x 2.7m (9x9ft)

laih tur a ni. Khur kan laih chu hengte hi chawhpawlh la, vur ang che : lei

chunglam hang tha, bawngek ro densawm emaw tihdip leh balu lei. Heng lei

chawhpawlh hmang hian khur chu 2ft-a thuk chhilh tur a ni. Kuhva tiakte chu

khur lai takah phun la, lei seh chin thlenga vur a, vur khah nghal a, kuta nem

muk tur a ni. Tui a tlin loh nan pawng deuh hlekin vur a pawi lo. Kuhva nisa laka

venghim tur leh kuhva an rah hmaa sum hailuh nan balhla phun bawk a tha.

2.5. Lei tha pek:

Kuhva englai pawha rah tam tur chuan kan kuhva huana leiah thlai

chaw (nutrients) a tam tawk tur a ni. Thlai kumhlun kuhva angte phei chuan

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kum tam tak an awmna hmuna lei a rin dawn avangin chaw tha an mamawh

reng dawn a ni. Kuhva chinna hmunte hi a tlangpuiin awihtlan leh ruahtui tlak

tamna ram a nih avangin nasa takin leitha a luangral a, kuhva kung tan chaw

tha a tlem phah thin a ni.

Kum khatah kuhva kung rah tawh tan hetiang hian pek thin tur a ni. Ran

zun leh ek (bawng ek leitha) 12Kgs. Nitrogen 100 gms. Phosphorous 40gms leh

Potash 140 gms pek thin tur a ni.

Mizoramte ang ruah vantla ring ringawt kuhva huanah chuan kan leitha

pek tur ang chanve kha April-May ah pek a, a la bang ½ chu Sept-Oct ah pek tur

ani. Kuhva huan thal laia tui pekna remchang nei tan chuan leitha pek tur hmasa

zawk hi April-May ah pek a, a la bang ½ chu Sept-Oct-ah pek tur a ni. Kuhva huan

thal laia tui pekna remchang nei tan chuan leitha pek tur hmasa zawk hi April-

May a pe lovin February thlaah pek tur a ni. Tin, bawngek leitha etc. angte kha

chu a vaiin September thlaah pek tur a ni. Kuhva kung la rah lo leh naupang

deuhte chu phun atangin ran zun leh ek, bawngek leitha emaw hnimhnah tawih

12 Kgs. Vawikhatah a pek theih a, leitha pek tur zat kan sawi hmun thuma thena

hmun khat (1/3) kum khatnaah pek bawk tur a ni. Kum hnihna (2)-naah chuan

2/3 pek a, kum thum (3) na atangin pek tur recommend zat a vaia pek theih a ni.

Kuhva chinna hmun tam takte hi leithur (Acidic soils an ni tlangpui a.

Mizoram pawh hi lei thur a ni deuh tlangpui a, chuvangin lei thur tihreh nan

chinai hman fo tur a ni. Chinai pek hian leihtur a tiziaawm a, thlai tana chaw tha

awm a tipung a, leihtur vanga phosphorous thlaiin a hman tangkai theih loh a

tiziaawm, lei chhunga thlai tan a tangkai, nungcha (micro-biological activity) a

tiphur a, chubakah calcium-a pe tel bawk a ni. Chinai mamawh zat hre tur chuan

kuhva huana lei kha a thur dan ‘test’ pawh a tha. Chinai kan pe anih pawhin

kuhva kung bulhnai velah chuan thal laia thehdarh a, lei leh hnan tur a ni. Lei

thur tan chuan rock phosphate/mussoori rock hman theih chuan duhthusam a

ni.

2.6 Tui Pek Leh Tui Paih :

Tui lak tur awmnaah chuan a lei leh khaw awmdan azirin kar khat (1)-ah

vawikhat tui pek ni se. Kerela chhim lam District ah chuan ruah vantla ringin

kuhva huan an siam deuh ber a, chuta an thil hmuhchhuah pakhat chu leitha

pek ruala tui pek nghal mai hian a let thumin a thar tam an ti a ni. Mizoramah

chuan tui lak tur remchang a tam loh avangin ruah vantla kan ring ber a,

chuvangin thal va ek char lai pawha kan kuhva huante a ro lutuk loh nan kuhva

kung leh bul velte hnimhnah leh remchang hmanga khuh a tha.

Hetianga kan tih chuan kan kuhva huana hnawngawmte kan humhalh a,

chu mai bakah lei sa lutuk tur a vawng dai a ni. Fur lai erawh chuan tui tling

hman miah lova an luanrual zung zung theihna dan tur kan ngaihtuahsak tur a

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ni. Kuhva huan hi ro thil anih avangin, leilung luangral laka venna siam nghal a

tha. Lei tihektu ber tuihawk luang tam lutuk hi paihna siam ngei a tha.

Agriculture hovin Contour Trench an siam ang hi, 50m danah laih ni sela.

Amaherawhchu contour chiah zulzui lovin, (non-erosive gradient) 0.5-1% a

awihin laih ni sela. Tuihawk chu kawrte hnai berah paihbo nghal ni rawh se.

Hmun zawl lutuk leh tui luanbo harsatna hmunah pawh tui paihna luankawr chu siam zel a tha.

2.7 Kuhva Huan Sawngbawl:

Fur reh tawh lam October- November thlaah kuhva huan te chu

bawngtuthlawh thuk vak lovin cheh chhuah tur a ni. Hei hian hnim a suat bakah

lei chunga leikhal insiam tur a tikehsawm a, thil tha tak a ni.

2.8. Kuhva Leh thlai Dang Chinpawlh:

Kuhva kungte kum nga (5) atanga kum riat (8) an rahna tura nghah an

ngaih avangin thildang/thlai dang chin pawlh a ngai thin a ni. Heng thlai kan

chinte hian lei luangral tur an ven bakah kuhva huanah lei tha an dah belh bawk

thin a. Thlai kan chin dawn pawhin thlai naran mai mai ai chuan be kawm nei

lam chi thlai chin a tha, a chhan chu be kawm nei thlaite hian boruaka thlai chaw

‘Nitrogen’ te leiah an hiplut a, chu chuan lei a titha lehzual a ni. Mizoramah chuan

heng thlaite hi chin a tha ang : bekang, French bean, bete leh thlai kawm nei chi

dangte pawh. Heng lei tithatu thlaite hi April/May thla fur thlen hma deuhah chin

ni sela, lei tithatu atana kan hman dawn chuan rah an chhuah hmain sahchhuma

kuhva huana thehdarh tur a ni.

Kuhvaten ei an tlin hma, mahse, huan enkawl leh thlawh fai a ngaih

reng si lai hian thlai dang chin ngei tur ani. Kan thlai chin turte chu a theih

hram chuan daihlim ngaithei leh kuhva hnan atanga ruahtui rawn luang do zo

thei ni se an tha ber a.

Chubakah, heng kan thlai chin turte hian kuhva tana thlai chaw an eipui

tam tur a ni lo. Kuhva huana thlai chin hi kuhva thar chhuahn tikiam chuan lote

chu hengte hi an ni. Balhla, Lakhuihthei, panhnah, pangbal, kawlbahra, Thialbal

(Arrowroot), Sawhthing, Black Pepper leh Aiengte an ni. Heng thlaite hi a tul

dan leh an tharchhuah hun azirin kuhva huanah awm reng thei sela, lei kan

hman tangkai bakah an hnah tawihten lei an tihthat bakah huan neituten

pawisa engemawzat an la lut thei dawn a ni.

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III. KUHVA KUNG DINHMUN 3.0 Kuhva Kung Tichhetu : Kuhva kung hi rannung tam tak leh rannung ni lemlo pawhin an tichhe thin a. Amaherawhchu, kuhva kung eichhetu zingah pawh hengte hi buaipui ngai zualte

an ni. Chungte chu Maimawm, Thlangdar chikhat (Spindle bug), vual (Root-grub)

leh a par eichhetu pangangte an ni. Rannung eichhetuten kuhva rah leh kuhva

par an beih hian kuhva rah tharchhuah a tlem phah a. Tin, rannungte kuhva

hnah, a kung leh a zungte an beih hian kuhva kung than a thu a, tharchhuah a

tlem phah a ni.

3.1 (1) Maimawm (Mites) :

Kuhva eichhetu maimawm hi chi hnih an awm a, chungte chu maimawm

var leh maimawm sen an ni a. Kuhva kung leh kuhva tiak tui hmu tha lo leh ni sa

lutuka awmte heng maimawmte hian an bei thin a ni. Hetianga kuhva hnah

hring an hip avang hian kuhva hnahte chu an lo eng a, an ro rep thin a ni. An

beih nasatna hmunah phei chuan kuhva hnah zawng zawng an tirovin an tiuai

vek thin a ni.

Heng maimawmte hi nipui laiin an inthlah pung duh deuh ber a. Furah

erawh chuan an tam vak thei lo. Heng maimawmte hian eitu chi hrang hrang an

nei ve a; entirnan : sava leh rannung chi dang te, damdawi hmanga heng

maimawmte hi kan khuahkhirh dawn chuan damdawi chikhat ‘Dicofol’

(Kelthane) pentui bur chhin khat tui litre khata pawlhin kuhva hnah hnuai

lamah kah tur a ni. Heng damdawi bakah hian damdawi dang ‘Formotion’

(Anthio 25 EC) pentui bur chhin khat lo deuh tui litre khata pawlhin heng

maimawmte hi a khuahkhirh (control) theih a. Heng damdawite hi ni 15 atanga

ni 20 danah kuhva hnah hnuai lamah kah thin tur a ni.

Heng maimawm chi hnih bakah hian, maimawm chikhat dang serthlum

rawng ang chiten kuhva rah an bei thin a. Heng maimawmte hian kuhva rah

sente an bei a, kuhva rah tla a awm phah thin a ni. Heng maimawmte hi

khuahkhirh dawn chuan kuhva rah bawr Dimethoate (Rogor 30 EC) pentui chhin

chanve tui litre khat pawlha kah tur a ni.

3.2 Thlangdar ( Spindle Bug) : Heng rannungte hian nasa takin kuhva kungah chhiatna an thlen thei a. Heng rannungte hi arualin emaw a khawmin emaw kuhva kung hnaih zik chhuakahte an awm a, a puitling leh a noteten kuhva zikno hnaha an lo khawr a, emaw alo invial thin a ni. An beih hnahahte chuan thil dum a awm thluah thluah thin a ni. Heng a hnah dum awmna kungte chu alo ro a, thliin a chhem tliak a, kawrawng a lo insiam thin a ni. An beih nasatna hmunah chuan kuhva kung an thang thei

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lova, a thente phei chuan an thih phah thin a ni. Heng thlangdarte hi fur lai leh favangah an tam thei hle a. A puitlingho chu rawng sen leh rawng dum inpawlh an ni a, an note chu rawng hring dang emaw a eng dang emaw an ni deuh ber.

Kuhva huante thlangdar awmlo tura kan duh chuan April thlaah kuhva

zik bul velah polythene bag hawlh kuak chek chek chunga ‘Phorate Granules’

(Thimet 10 G) gram hnih dah tur a ni. He damdawi hian thlariat chhung a veng

thei a ni. Hnah thar a rawnchhuah chuan hnah thar dang a rawn chhuah lehna

tur zik bulah khan a damdawi hi dah leh mai tur a ni.

3.3 Vual (Root Grub) :

Vual hi kuhva kung tana chhiat rupna thlen thei a ni ve a. A tlangpuiin

kuhva kung eichhetu vualte chu an taksa a varin a nem a, an ke erawh chu a sen-

uk emaw a buang emaw a ni. A hmasa berin kuhva kung zung no deuh deuh an ei

hmasa a, a dawtah a zung upa lam an ei leh thin. An neih nasatna hmunah chuan

kuhva kung leiseh chin hnuailam an eichhe vek thin a ni. Hemi avang hian a

kungin a thih phah thei a, an thih loh pawhin kuhva hnah a lo eng a, a rah a tla

thin ani. Kuhva zung an ei miau avangin a kung a nghet lova, thilten an

chhemthlu thuai thin a ni. Vualte hi a tlangpuiin hmun hniam leh fur laia tuitlin

thinna kuhva huanahte an che nasa ber a. Chuvangin vual khuahkhirh kan tum a

nih chuan tui tling lo tura kan kuhva huante kan enkawl a ngai a ni.

Vual khuahkhirh tur chuan an awmna lei atanga beih a ngai a. Kuhva kung

bul leiah Phorate granules (Thimet 10G) gram riat lehhnan tur a ni. Hei bakah

hian damdawi phut emaw dip emaw Chlordane 5% emaw HBC 5% emaw

Quinalphos (Ekalux 1.5%) hectare khatah 120 Kgs thehin vual hi a khuah khirh

(control) theih bawk. Heng damdawi hi kum khatah vawi hnih pek tur a ni a, a

vawi khatna chu fur thlen hma May thlaah ni sela, a vawi hnihna chu September

emaw October thlaah emaw a ni tur a ni. Vual tamnaah kuhva huan kan siam a

nih chuan heng damdawi hmang hian kum hnih kum thum chhung chu chawl

lova enkawl tur a ni.

3.4 Kuhva Par Eichhetu Pangang :

He rannung hi a par tichhetu a nih avangin a pawimawh zek a. A puitling

phengphehlepte chuan kuhva hnah leh zik khawimaw laiah an tui a. An lo keu

hnu chuan an note pangang kan tih maite chu kuhva par bawrah vak lutin a parte

an ei thin a ni. Heng pangangte hi awlsam takin an hmuh chhuah theih a, a chhan

chu an vah velnaah khan maimawm ril angin bu an siam a, tahchuan an tawm

thin a ni. Heng pangangte hi an awm chuan kuhva par bawr kha Malathion 50 EC

pentui chhin khat tui litre khata pawlha kah tur a ni.

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3.5 Kuhva Rah Sen Tla : Fur lai hian kuhva rah a la sen ho hi an tla duh viau a. Heng kuhva rah tlate

hi kan enchian chuan thil zum taka chhun pawhna kan hmu ang a. Hemi lo awm

chhan hi natna hrik vang a ni lova, thlangdar chikhat vang a ni. Thlangdar chuan

kuhva rah note chu an hmuia thil zum takin an zuk chhun pawp a, kuhva

chhunga chakna awmte chu an hip chhuak thin, hei vang hian kuhva rah a puitlin

hmain an tla thin a ni. He thlangdar hi a puitling chu dar rawng (bronze) ang an

ni a, a notete chu rawng dum an ni ber.

Kuhva rah tla hi venghim tur chuan kuhva rah bawr kha fur thlen dawn

tepah damdawia kah tur a ni. Vawikhat kah atanga ni 45 hnuah kah leh tur.

Behlawi hi he thlangdar hian awm nan an hmang a, chuvangin kuhva huan bul

velah behlawi a awm loh chuan thlangdar a awm lo ang a, kuhva rah tla pawh

a ziazawm ang. Dawmdawi hman turte chu hengte hi an ni. Endosulfan 0.05%,

Methyl Parethion 0.05% leh Fenvolarate 0.02%.

4.0 Kuhva Natnate :

Kuhva kung hi natna chi hrang hrangin a bei ve thin a. Natna thenkhatte chu hun bik nei ani a, thenkhat erawh chu kumtluanin an awm thung. Kuhva kung natna lo lanchhuah dan leh a enkawl dan tlem azawng han tarlang ila.

4.1 Kuhva Rah Tawih :

He natna hi natna hrik chikhat Phytophthora Aracea vanga lo awm a ni.

Kuhva chinna ram zawng zawngah a lar hle a. Kuhva huan neituten nasa takin

heng natna avang hian chhiat an tawk a ni. A natna hi a rahah thil pan tui angin a

awm a. He natna hi hmun hrang hrangah a lo darh a, kuhva rah pawh a rawng lo

inthlakin a rawng a lo hringduk thin a, he natna vei kuhva rahte chu a kuang tel

lovin an tla a. Boruak lum nisa leh ruahsur inkar thlak hian he natna hi a tizual

duh hle. A natna hi ruah, rannung leh thli avanga a darh chak em em a ni.

He natna hi damdawi 1 % Bordeaux mixture- in a enkawl theih a, a tlem

berah vawihnih kah angai a. Damdawia kah hmasak zawk hi fur zawh veleh

kah tur a ni. A vawihnihna chu ni 45 hnuah kah tur a ni. Ruahtui a tlak rei viau

chuan vawithum kah pawh a tul maithei. He natna hi damdawi hmanga enkawl

anih pawhin khaw thatniah chauh damdawi kah hi tihtur a ni. He natnain a

eichhiate chu lakkhawma halin a natna chamrei tur leh darhzau tur a veng ani.

Damdawi 1% Bordeaux Mixture Siam Dan : 1) Tui litre sawmngaah Copper Sulphate 1 Kg chawhsawm tur. 2) Tui litre sawmngaah Chinai 1Kg chawhsawm tur a ni. 3) Kuhva kung kah dawn tepah heng kan chawhsawm chihnih hi chawhpawlh

tur a ni.

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4) Kan chinai hman a that tawk loh chuan 1 Kg. bakah tlem azawng telh belh a ngai maithei. 5) Bordeaux mixture solution kan siamah chuan Copper a lo tam lutuk maithei a,

chutiang hriatnan chuan kan thil chawh pawlh tuiah khan chemte tle ver vawr

emaw, perek han chiah chhin la, copper a tam chuan chemte ah khan a tuiek

rawng a rawn lang ang. Chutianga a lo awm chuan a tuiek rawng a lan loh

thlenga a tul danin chinai pawlh tur a ni.

Bordeaux Mixture hi kuhva rah vengtu tha tak damdawi anih avangin

kuhva rah kan kap dawn anih pawhin a kahna hmawr sin chiin kuhva rah

pumpui hmaih nei miah lova kah tur a ni.

4.2 (b) Kuhva Hnah Eng Natna :

He natna hi Kerala chhim lam, Maharashtra tuipui kam, Karnataka leh

Tamil Nadu hmun thenkhatah a hluar hle. Mizoramah erawh chuan a la rawn

thleng lo niin kan hria a. He natna lo lanchhuah dan ber chu : Kuhva hnah hmawr

a lo eng a, he kuhva hnah hmawr lama lo eng hi a hnah chhung lamah lut zelin a

hnah pum a lo eng thin a. He natna avang hian kuhva rahte a lo dum a, kuhva

khawr atan pawh a tlak lo a ni.

He natna hi natna dang anga damdawi hmanga enkawl theih a ni lova.

Chuvangin hetiang natna kuhva huana a lo awm chuan leitha a hun takah hetiang

hian pek tur a ni.

a) 100gms Nitrogen, 160gms Phosphorous leh 140gms Potash kung khat zelah kum tinin.

b) Hnim hnah tawih 12 Kgs leh ran zun leh ek 25 Kgs chawhpawlha kuhva kung khat zelah pek tur a ni.

c) Thal laiin tui pek theih chuan ni li(4) danah vawikhat pek tur a ni. d) Behhlawi emaw thlai dang lei khuh tha tawk ching thin ang che.

e) He natna hi darhzau loh nan hetiang natna vei kuhva kung chu

kihthluka halral tur a ni. 4.3 A hma lama kan sawi tak, kuhva natna bakah natna dang a kung bul

tawih, a par ro natnate pawhin a bei thin a . Heng natnate hi enkawl dan tha ber

chu kan sawi fo tawh angin kuhva kung bula tui tlintir loh leh damdawi hmanga

enkawl a ni. Chubakah natna vei kuhva kungte chu kar phawh a, halral thin tur a

ni.

5.0 Nursery-a kuhva tiak natna :

Kuhva tiak hlim Nursery-a la awmte hian natna an vei duh hle a. An natna vei lar deuh deuhte chu hengte hi an ni :

5.1 Leiseh Chinah Kuhva Tiak An Tawih Thin :

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He natna hi Nursery-ah chuan a tam ber pawl a ni. He natna lo awm chhan

tlangpuite chu tuitlin vangte, tui paihchhuahna awm that loh vangte leh kuhva

hnah chunga chirh awm tam lutuk vangte a ni thei a. Kuhva tiak leiseh chin lai

velte chu natna hrikten an bei hmasa ber a, tichuan he natna hi a kungah leh a

chang chawrna tur velah a tawih ta zel thin a ni. Lei chhunga hrik te tak te te

Fursarium leh Rhizotonie-te hian he natna hi an tizual a, he natna avang hian

kuhva tiak tirte chu an lo thi thuai thin a ni.

Kuhva tiak heng natna veite chu lakboa an awmna khur ruak pawh

Bordeaux mixture 1% a tlenfai tur a ni. Fur laia tui paihna tha tak siam leh

chirh leh hnawk inkhawlkhawm paihfai zung zung hian he natna hi titlem

thei a ni.

6.0 Kuhva Hnah Natna :

He natna hi bacteria chikhat Xanthomonasaracea vanga lo awm a ni a, a

natna lo lanchhuah dan ber chu kuhva hnahah a lo dum thliah thliah a. He thil

dum emaw hnah ro anga lo lang hi a tlangpuiin a hnah bul lamah emaw a hnah

hmawr lamah emaw Tetracyline tui litre hnih-ah gram khat chawhpawlh a,

kuhva kungte kahin vawihnih kah tur a ni.

7.0 Kuhva Rah Keh/Khi :

Kuhva rah keh emaw kuhva rah khi emaw hi natna emaw vang ni lovin

piansualna chikhat a ni zawk mah a. He piansualna hi kuhva huan thenkhatah a

awm zeuh zeuh a, a tlangpuiin kuhva kung tlak deng lama awmte hian an tuar

deuh ber a. Kuhva kung leh a hnahte rangkachak rawng eng ang hian a lo awm a,

chu chu a hnuah a buangin a rawn inthlak thin a ni. Niin a lo emna laiah hian

rannung leh natna hrikten hmun an khuar duh a, thli na deuh a tlehin emaw a

thawtin emaw awlsam takin a tliak thin a ni. A chang chuan a pum keh bawk thin

a ni. Tui tling thei lova huan siamna hmunah he natna hi a tlem a, damdawi

Borax tui litre khatah gram hnih chawhpawlha kahin a natna hi a titlem a ni.

8.0 A Kung Tliak Leh Nisa Em :

Kuhva hnah nisa lutukin a em chuan a lo ro emaw a lo ut emaw thin a ni.

A tlangpuiin Kuhva kung tlak deng lama awmte hian an tuar deuh ber a. Kuhva

kung leh a hnahte rangkachak rawng eng ang hian a lo awm a, chu chu a hnuah a

buangin a rawn inthlak thin a ni. Niin a lo emna laiah hian rannung leh natna

hrikten hmun an khuar duh a, thli na deuh a tlehin emaw a thawtin emaw

awlsam takin a tliak thin a ni.

Tlak deng nisa tuar nasa lutuk kungte veng turin thing thangduang chikhat leh thing sang chi daihlim pe thuai thei tur chi kan phun tur a ni.

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IV. KUHVA CHI HRANG HRANG Kuhva kung hi kung chi hrang hrang a awm a. India rama kuhva kan

chin lar deuh deuhte chu hengte hi an ni.

1. Kahikuchi : He Kuhva chi hi India ram hmar chhak Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura etc-ah chin a ni deuh ber a. He variety hi a thar tam danah chuan a laihawl vel a ni.

2. Streamangala VTL-17 :

He variety hi Singapore atanga lakluh a ni a. Kuhva phun atanga kum sawmnaah chawhrualin kung khatin Kg.15.63 a thar thei.

3. Sumangala VTL-11 :

He kuhva chihi Indonesia ram atanga lakluh a ni ve thung a. Phun atanga kum sawmah chawhrualin kung khatin Kg. 17.5 a thar thei.

4. Mangala VTL-3 :

He kuhva chi hian thatna tam tak a nei a, chungte chu : A thar hma a, a rah bawr a tha a, a thar tam bawk a (chawhrualin kung khatin kum khatah rah 10 kg). He kuhva chi hi a san zawng chu a laihawl vel a ni a, ei atan leh hralhchhuah atan duhthusam a ni.

5. Sree Vardhan :

He kuhva chi hi Maharashtra tuipui kamah an ching deuh ber a. A rah hi artui pian ang deuh a ni a. A chhung laimu hi kuhva dangte aia a len deuh bik avangin kuhva ei thangte chuan tui an ti zawk a, bazarah pawh a man a to pawl a ni.

6. South Karana :

He kuhva chi hi Karnataka State chhim lam District leh Kasaragod District

Kerela-ahte an ching deuh ber a. He kuhva rah hi a lian tha a; tin, kuhva kung rah

pawh a rualkhai hle a ni. Chawhrualin kum khatah kung khatin Kg.7 a thar thei.

He kuhva hi Mizote’n kan ei dana a rova ei atan chuan a tha ber a ni.

Assam Variety Leh Syhlet Variety : Hengte hi kan kuhva chin uar ber ber leh a hringa kan ei tam ber an ni.

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V.KUHVA RAH LAWH

Kuhvate hi a hun taka lawh a pawimawh em em a, hmun thenkhatah

chuan a rah no an lova, thenkhatah chuan a rah no leh a rah hmin an lo bawk a. A

tlangpuiin a rah note chu July atanga December inkarah hian an lo thin a. Tin, a

rah hminte chu December atanga March emaw May atanga July inkarah an lo

thin. A lawh hun chhung hian vawithum vawili a hmin dan azirin lawh a ngai

thin.

Kuhva hi a rah hring emaw a rah hmin emaw duh zawk zawk a ei theih a,

a rah hring emaw a ro emaw a ro emaw a ei dan leh a siam dan chi hrang 150 lai

a awm a, chuvangin a hralhna tur azira lawh thiam a ngai a ni. Kuhva rah ro rei

zawnga kan buatsaih dawn chuan kan kuhva rah lawhte kha nisaah ni 40 atanga

ni 45 inkar pho ro tur a ni. Cement chhuata pho ro hian a hmuar a titlem a, tih

theih chuan tih hram a tha. Kan pho ro kuhvate chu inthuah ten tunin kan pho

tur a ni lo. Kar khatah vawikhat tal kuhva phote chu chawleh thin tur a ni.

Kuhva rah kawr hi chemte emaw hmanga kuta kheh a ni deuh ber a. Tun

hnai lawk khan kuhva kawr khehna khawl mawlmang an siam chhuak a. He

khawl that vena mai mai chu mi naran pawhin a hman theih a. Darkar riat

chhungin kuhva ro Kg.60 a kheh theih a, he khawl man hi Rs.1000/- bawr vel a

ni.

Kuhva rah mai bakah hian kan khehna kawrte chu paper leh boards siam

nante an hmang a. Tin, a kungpui hi phai ramah chuan eng eng emaw siam nan

pawh an hmang a ni. Kuhva sumchang thlai hlawk tak a nih avangain taimak a tul a. Pa sehhel

leh beidawng mai mai lote tana huan siam chi chauh a ni. Sum leh paiah Zoram a

lo intodelh ve nan leh kan ram leilung luangral tur humhalh nan kuhva chin hi

uar deuh deuh a tul a ni.