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1 November 2020

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RNI Regd. No. 61986/95 $<ë Á|üuÀ<Ûäø£ e÷dü |üÁ‹ø£

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- AL LL LA FR OO RF EAH

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Cooperative movement is an alternative to capitalism, socialism.- Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister

Volume: 26 November 2020Special Issue

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

2 November 2020

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Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

3 November 2020

On June 26, 2020, the Central Government brought in the Ordinance to amend

the Banking Regulation Act. The ordinance is unwarranted and appears to be

intended to privatise cooperative banks.

Since the beginning of the globalization of the Indian economy, the Indian Co-

operative movement has been demanding that there should be a separate

regulatory law for the Co-operative banks. In a cooperative bank, the user farmers,

workers, artisans are the owners and they are the customers also. For the benefit of

the farmers, the Co-operative banks are set up by the farmers themselves.

While Co-operative banks serve the farmers and other Banks are meant for

profit. So it is not right to have two types of banks under the same control authority.

Summary of amendments:

The Co-operative banks may sell equity shares through public issue or privately

with the prior approval of the Reserve Bank, as well as sell unsecured debentures or

bonds with a term not less than ten years. The Registrar of Companies should be

treated as the Registrar of Central Co-operative Societies / State Co-operative

Societies Registrar.

The concept of Cooperation is a system of User members established by

themselves for their benefit. It is a system which protects against exploitation of

private individuals and companies. The co-operative system is an alternative to the

private system. The Private enterprises take advantage of the needs of the people,

and are exploitative in character. The cooperative sector acts as a protector fulfilling

socio-economic needs of the people. This amendment seems to transform the

protectors into a exploiters. This is against the natural law. The shares in

cooperative organisations are not sold or bought. Investments by outsiders are not

taken into account. But the above amendment states that the co-operative banks

can sell shares. This is contrary to the principle of cooperation.

Our Constitution recognizes as a fundamental right that private individuals and

corporations may acquire wealth and property, and protecting them. This is a

fundamental right of citizens. Similarly, the user member's share in a co-operative

bank is his property. Can the government, and the law, direct another person to

invest in the business of one person / company? Not at all. Similarly, the

government can't direct through amendment in the Act to take others as business

partners in a co-operative bank. It amounts to violation of fundament right to

property of user members.

The Constitution of India gives due recognition to co-operatives and private

enterprises. The essence of Article 39 (c) is the result of cooperative economic

activities. Article 43 related to implementation of a co-operative policy in the rural

areas. The result of these constitutional directions leads to establishment of the

cooperative banks. An interesting analogy worth mentioning here is that while

buffalo is buffalo, the cow is cow. But what does this amendment say? The cow

turns into a Buffalo, is it possible?

Cooperative Economic Policy is a policy of economic and social development of

the weaker sections, small and marginal farmers and rural artisans. International

organizations like "International Cooperative Alliance" were formed reflecting this

policy. All the countries had enacted cooperative laws based on this premise.

Further, India is the co-partner in United the Nations Organization where has

cooperative subject in its charter. Hence any effort to change the main essence of

cooperative economic policy amounts to violation of international treaties. Co-

operative societies are registered by the Registrar of Central / State Co-operative

Societies, under the central co-operative Act and the states' co-operative Acts.

Permission to conduct banking business is obtained from the Reserve Bank as per

the Banking Regulation Act. But what the amendment says is that the Registrar of

Companies should be treated as the Registrar of Co-operative Societies. This

amounts to violation of the central / state cooperative Laws.

There is a need to create a new "Cooperatives Development and Regulatory

Authority” to address the issues and look after the development and regulation of

the cooperative banks in place of the ordinance. The Banking Regulation

Amendment Ordinance brought by the central government is inconsistent with the

Constitution. It is a violation of fundamental rights, co-operation laws and

international treaties (ICA & UNO). The ordinance must be withdrawn immediately.

Sambharapu Bhoomaiah

Convener

National Convening Committee

Sahakara Samrakshana Samithi

("The Cooperator" September 2020 issue)

PRIVATISING CO-OPERATIVE BANKS:A VIEW POINT

SAHAKARA PRABODHININovember 2020

Editor:Sambharapu Bhoomaiah

Volume: 24 Issue: 10

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Cooperative Awareness Programmeth thA Year Long, 14 Nov. 2020 to 20 Nov. 2021

th th 67 to 68 All-India Co-operative Week Celebrations - Sahakara Dharma Peetam

Common man assumption about the basic concept of our Constitution;

As common man, we are of the opinion that our Indian Constitution had given the

Fundamental Right to every man, whether he is a 'have” or 'have not”, to do the

business for his economic self reliant. And as a Citizen, we felt that by the activities

of Governments, the social and economic justice is done. Further we felt that the

democracy is the soul of our Constitution.

But the Banking Regulation (Amendment) Bill, 2020; Section 12(1) is proved the

concept was wrong.

Prior to this Bill:

The farmers, the rural artisans and agriculture laborers were, who had a

common necessities of “Credit” used to associate themselves as a User Members

of Primary Agriculture Cooperative Society (PACS) and federating these PACS as

the District Cooperative Central Banks (DCCB) at district level and federating these

DCCBs as State Cooperative Bank (SCB) as apex Bank at State level. These

SCB/DCCBs gets the refinance from the National Agriculture Bank for Rural

Development (NABARD) and distributes the Agriculture loan (necessities) to the

User Member of the PACS. It is the system of the Cooperatives that, 10% of his

necessities he gets, be kept as Share Capital (and 2% as a Thrift Deposit, which is

now discontinued since 1977) in the PACS. The PACS, DCCBs and SCB are run and

controlled, managed by the democratically elected Committee of the User

Members. So, the member is the User, is the Owner and the Benefiter. A minimum

interest is paid on Members Share Capital. The profit is distributed in accordance

with the business, the User member done with the Society, it is called patronage

dividend.

Through this Cooperative system the User Member is;

?Taking the services from his owned Bank.

?He is inculcated with the values, the ethics and the social responsibility and

stands for other members.

?He is trained in democratic functioning.

?The Share Capital which was pooled from his necessities (Loan) is became the

main Capital for the Cooperative Bank.

?The Share Capital gets only the minimum interest not dividend.

?The Cooperative Bank is of the User Member and User Member is the benefiter

and controller. It is called Users economy.

After this Bill:

?The User Members; the Small & Marginal farmers, Rural artisans and the

Agriculture laborers who had mere resources at their end, for that matter all the

Indian Citizens had lost their fundamental right to do the business of Cooperative

Banking services (Protective Measure from Private exploitation).

?The Cooperative Bank Share Capital is pooled from selling the Shares to non

members who reside in the area of operation of the Bank (Section 12(1)).

SAHAKARA DHARMA PEETAM

Sahakara Dharma Peetam is the pious dharmika Samstha. It beliefs that,

Sahakara Dharma is the goal of the Human being. Sahakara Dharma makes the man

a Human being. It serves the human kind in maintaining the peace and harmony

among the people and promotes them to lead the ethical life. Since, the Cooperative

system itself is an embodiment of Dharma. It will not allow itself to be exploited nor,

it will exploit others. It protects the User Members from the exploitation of the Private

sector.

Sahakara Dharma Peetam adds further to the Religious Peetam's aims, the

economic theory, where by the Man's material arrangement are addressed to,

through which He is satisfied and lives ethically and peacefully. This is the process

of "Each for all - all for each," there by the Man becomes a Social being and acts as

Human being.

Sahakara Dharma Peetam is aimed at propagation of the Cooperative Principles,

values and ethics, along with motivating the public in organizing the Cooperatives.

Aims of the Year long “Cooperative Awareness Program” of the

“Sahakara Dharma Peetam”

1. To impress the People of all walks of life about the Cooperative Sector that, it is

not only an Economic System providing the Services but also, making the User

member self reliant in economically and socially.

2. To impress the Members of the Societies; the Collection of “Thrift Deposit” from

the services, he gets from the Society, which is the main essence of the

Cooperative system and the concept along with the collection of the “Share

Capital”.

3. To impress the Cooperative Societies; the payment of 6% of minimum interest on

“Thrift Deposit” and “Share Capital” irrespective of the Society gets profit. It is an

charge to the “Profit & Loss Account”. Which makes the Member awareness to

actively participate in affairs of the Society.

5. To impress the Public representatives; to take necessary steps and actions

to;Restore the Fundamental Right to Profession of doing Cooperative Banking

business to the User Members; the Small & Marginal farmers rural artisans,

Agriculture laborers.

6. To impress the Public representatives; to bring an Act for the “Cooperatives

Development & Regulatory Authority”.

7. To impress the Governments and University Academicians to bring Cooperative

Subject be a syllabus from the Primary School to Post Graduate.

8. To impress the State Governments and Farmers Associations to Promote the

Agriculture Produces Processing and Marketing Cooperative Society for each

Mandal/Block.

Restore the Fundamental Right to Profession of doing Cooperative Banking

business to the User Members; the Small & Marginal farmers rural artisans,

Agriculture laborers:

AGENDA No. I

1. Restore the Fundamental Right to Profession of doing Cooperative Banking business to the User Members;

the Small & Marginal farmers rural artisans, Agriculture laborers. 2. Bring an Act for the “Cooperatives Development & Regulatory Authority”.

3. All the State Govt. should bring the Scheme “Cooperative Deposit Guarantee Scheme” for PACS in line with the Kerala Govt.

4. Promote the Agriculture Produces Processing and Marketing Cooperative Society for each Mandal/Block.

5. Let us adhere to the Cooperative Principles and Values. 6. Cooperative Subject be a syllabus from Primary School to Post Graduate.

Sahakara Dharma Peetam is planning to conduct the meets with the following dignitaries in every state:

1. The Cooperator 2. Bar Associations and Eminent Lawyers 3. Political Parties in the state 4. Farmers Associations

5. Economists 6. Intellectual Forums 7. Youth Organizations 8. Students Organizations

AGENDA FOR THE NATION

4

Restore the Fundamental Right to Profession of doing Cooperative Banking business to the User Members; the Small

& Marginal farmers rural artisans, Agriculture laborers

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

November 2020

Hyderabad 9 Nov. 2020: On the accession of the 67th All India Cooperative Week

Celebrations, The "Sahakara Dharma Peetam", Sevak Sri Sambharapu Bhoomaiah

released the press note.

?The Cooperative Bank becomes Private Bank, but uses the Cooperative word, it

may mislead the Depositors and the Public.

?The Share holder is the Investor not the User member.

After this Bill, the Small & Marginal farmers, Rural artisans and the Agriculture

laborers are deprived of:

?The Reserves, all these 75 years saved and protected, becomes the assets of

the Investors. It was ought to belongs to all the members of the PACS and even

the old withdrawn members.

?They have no fundamental right to run the Cooperative Bank to protect

themselves from the exploitation, he has to get the required loans from the so

called Cooperative Bank (Investors Bank).

The Depositors and the Public:

?Since the word “Cooperative” is not removed, the Depositors and the Public is

being misleaded.

The Cooperative Banks are not of the Governments or Public Sector, they are like

Private Banks but of the User Members, who had less resources at their end.

Could the Government have the power to snatch them away from the User

Members and hand over them to the Investors? Could do the Governments

snatch the Private Banks and handover them to other Investors? Is it not an

attempt to change the basic structure and the Preamble concept of our

Constitution?

It is common to bring amendments to the Banking Act. But this is not it. An

attempt is being made to change the basic structure, concept, and principles of the

Constitution of India.

The whole thing can be understood by examining the following points.

1. Our Constitution is allowing mixed economic system in India. Accordingly the

Five Year Plans incorporated the 1. Private Sector, 2. Public sector and 3.

Cooperative Sector in its Plan documents and allotted budgets.

2. The Constitution of India; Preamble; WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having

solemnly resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign Socialist Secular

Democratic Republic and to secure to all its citizens : JUSTICE, social,

economic…

3 Fundamental Right to practice profession..

4 The Legal Right to Property.

5 Article 39(c): The state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that

the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of

wealth and means of production to the common detriment.

6 Article 43: Directs the Governments to fallow the Cooperative policy in the

Indian rural economy.

7 Cooperation is a State Subject; Article 246(3), Schedule VII, List-2, Sl. No.32

8 Private Sector is regulated by the Companies Act of 1956 and the Partner Ship

Act. Mode of raising the Share Capital is dealt in these Acts.

9 Cooperative Sector is regulated by the Multi State Cooperatives Act-2002 and

the every State had its State Cooperative Act. Mode of raising the Share Capital

is dealt in these Acts.

10.Banking Regulation Act-1949 deals with the Reserve Bank of India's regulating

the Banks in India.

11. Differences between the Cooperative Sector and the Private Sector

Cooperatives Concept and its Noble ideals and its Status:

Shri Narendra Modi, Prime MinIster: “Cooperative Movement is an alternative to

Capitalism, Socialism.”

Smt. Indira Gandhi: “I know of no other instrument so potentially powerful and full

of social purpose as the cooperative movement.”

Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru: “My outlook is to convulse India with the Cooperative

Movement, or rather with cooperation; to make it, broadly speaking, the basic

activity of India, in every village as well as elsewhere; and finally, indeed, to make the

cooperative approach the common thinking of India.”

United Nations Organization UNO:

“The United Nations support Cooperatives. There is a growing consensus among

international agencies about their importance. The World Bank recognizes the role

of Cooperatives in revitalizing the agriculture sector and the rural economy. In

addition, an IMF survey in 2007 showed that “Cooperative Banks have become

important part of many financial systems, with attendant potential financial

stability”

“Cooperatives, as economic enterprises and as self-help organization, play a

meaningful role in uplifting the socio-economic conditions of their members and

their local communities… With their concern for their members and communities,

they represent a model of economic enterprise that places high regard for

democratic and human values and respect for the environment. .. it is increasingly

compelling to consider the model of economic enterprise that Cooperatives offer.”

Threats and challenges faced by Cooperatives in developed Countries:

“One of the biggest challenges to Cooperatives is lack of awareness of their

business potential among governments and the general Public. It also often leads to

mischaracterization of their interests.”

Cooperatives in transitional and developing Countries:

“In the developing Countries, the international efforts by ICA, ILO and the UN, have

been instrumental in the formation of new cooperatives that are independent of their

Governments. The ICA Identity Statement and Cooperative Principles, the United

Nations Guidelines of 2001 and the ILO Recommendation No. 193 on the promotion

of Cooperatives have served to guide Cooperative formation, as well as limit the role

of Governments to one of providing an enabling environment and level-playing field

so Cooperatives can operate on a sustainable basis alongside other types of

business. These mechanisms recommend that there should be an 'early and

complete disengagement of Governments from the internal affairs of

Cooperatives.”

USA Govt. constituted a Panel Group of six panels, each having prominent

members of the Cooperative community across the Country. The Panel Group

recommended as:

1. Cooperatives have also played an important role in rural communities, where

they are an integral part of the social fabric. They encourage democratic

decision making processes, leadership development and education.

2. The core Cooperative Principles enunciated in the 1987 report (user-ownership,

user-control and user-benefit) are still valid and are likely to remain so in the 21st

century. This makes the Cooperative a unique form of organization with distinct

characteristics, strengths and difficulties.

The Banking Regulation (Amendment) Ordinance, 2020

Issue and regulation of Paid-up Share Capital and Securities by

Cooperative Banks.

For Section 12, the following Section shall be substituted namely:

“12. (1) A co-operative bank may , with the prior approval of the

Reserve Bank, issue, by way of public issue or private placement,

(i) Equity shares or preference shares or special shares, on face

value or at premium; and

(ii) Unsecured debentures or bonds or other like securities with

initial or original maturity of not less than ten years,

To any member of such co-operative bank or any other person residing

within its area of operation, subject to such conditions and ceiling, limit

or restriction on its issue or subscription or transfer, as may be

specified by the Reserve Bank in this behalf.

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

5 November 2020

Private Sector

1. Association of Capital.2. Share Capital is an investment from the

income of an individual (Investor).

3. Investor's economy.4. Joint Stock Company form of business is its

main tool.5. Regulated by the Company Act and

Partnership Act.6. Profit distribution is in the ratio of their share

capital.7. Control vests in accordance with the size of

the share holding.8. Centralizes the 'Production', 'Marketing' and

the 'Wealth'.9. Exploitation is in its' nature.10. Economic rights of the people are

suppressed.11. Curtails the peoples economic democracy.12. The fittest only survives

Cooperative Sector

1. Association of Users.2. Share Capital is the portion set aside from

the User (member) necessities, not an investment from the income of the member.

3. User's economy.4. Federation of Primary Cooperatives is the

main tool and it is a backbone.5. Regulated by the Cooperatives Acts.

6. Surplus distribution; it is patronage dividend.

7. Control vests in the members equally and democratically controlled.

8. Decentralizes the 'Production', 'Marketing' and the 'Wealth'.

9. Principle action is to eliminate the exploitation.10 Promotes the economic rights of the people.

11.Seeks to establish the economic democracy.12.Makes all user members economically self-

reliant

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

6 November 2020

How the amendments of the B.R. Act changes the basic structure of the

Constitution:

India is following the mixed economic system, apart from the Public sector, the

Private Sector and the Cooperative Sector and plying their role in strengthening the

Indian economy.

1. Cooperative system is an Economic system:

?Article 43 of our Constitution directs the Governments to fallow the Cooperative

policy in rural India.

?Article 39(c) is the embodiment of the Cooperative system's results.

?Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi jee statement “Cooperative Movement is an

alternative to Capitalism, Socialism.”

?“The United Nations support Cooperatives.”

?The World Bank recognizes the role of Cooperatives in revitalizing the agriculture

sector and the rural economy.

?IMF survey in 2007 showed that “Cooperative Banks have become important

part of many financial systems, with attendant potential financial stability”

?USA Govt. Panel Group of six panels recommends; The core Cooperative

Principles enunciated in the 1987 report (user-ownership, user-control and

user-benefit) are still valid and are likely to remain so in the 21st century.

2. Cooperatives Banks are independent business organizations:

?Constitution provided the Acts, on which the Private Sector and the Cooperative

Sector had to ply. For the Private Sector, the Companies Act of 1956 and the

Partnership Act. For the Cooperative Sector, the Multi State Cooperative Act and

the concerned State Cooperative Act. So, it is clear that Cooperative Sector vis-

à-vis the Cooperatives Banks are independent business organizations as like

that of Private Banks( It is more clear in the above Table chart; Differences

between the Cooperative Sector and the Private Sector).

3. Cooperatives Shares are not Sold and Transferable:

?The Share of a Cooperative Society or Cooperative Bank can't be sold or

transferred as per the Multi states cooperative Act and the State Cooperative

Acts.

Ignoring the above three ground realities, the amendment to BR Act section 12

(1) provides for selling of Shares/debenture to non-members who resides in the

area operation of the Bank.

By these amendments;

The Cooperative Banks in practical becomes as Private Bank (Companies);

The Amendment is un-Constitutional. The Cooperative Banks are not Public sector

Banks to make them private. The owners are farmers, artisans, agriculture laborers

and the Urban middle class user members. The Governments assisted share

capital, if at all it does not want to fallow the Constitutional obligations, it is a different

issue. It can with draw the share capital but it can't make them private. Even the

members had no power to make them private, they can dissolve it, it is a lengthy

procedure, the common good fund and some reserve funds had to be transferred to

concerned State Cooperative Unions or National Cooperative union of India as per

the provisions of the State Cooperative Acts.

?The Constitution of India; Preamble; to secure to all its citizens; JUSTICE, social,

economic… is defeated.

?Since because, erstwhile the user member Farmer, rural artisan and the

agriculture laborers used to get their common needs through Cooperative

system had been lost, rather it is snatched away.

?His fundamental right to practice profession is foregone.

?Further his fundamental legal right to have asset or property in Cooperative Bank

is lost.

Bring an Act for the “Cooperative Development and Regulatory Authority”

Cooperative movement is facing a serious challenge from the misconceived

Policy makers of India in the present liberlised economic policies. Why because,

they are not taking into consideration of the Constitutional provisions and univocal

support of the Indian Political authority to the Cooperative movement.

India is following the mixed economic Policy. The Cooperative Sector is one of

them. The Cooperative Sector is an economic system just like the Private sector.

The Cooperative Sector materializes the end result of the Article 39(c) of our

Constitution. Article 43 directs the Governments to implement the Cooperative

Policy in rural India. None of the Political Party in India had disowned or pronounced

AGENDA No. II

against the Cooperative system, because Cooperation is not a Political issue. It is

the aspiration of the Indian People. These ground realities were being ignored by the

Policy makers, as a result the Section 12(1) in the Banking Regulation Amendment

Bill-2020 was came in, which is violated the Fundamental right of the User members

of the Cooperative Banks.

Further, in applying the NPAs concept to the Cooperative Banks, the Experts

recommendations were ignored.

1. The expert committee on Rural Credit headed by V.S.Vyas, recommended as

fallows:

The Banking Regulation (BR Act.1949) giving RBI/NABARD powers of

supervision should apply to Cooperatives, with appropriate modifications to

maintain their Cooperative character and this should have overriding status over

other acts.

2. The Narasimham Committee examined all aspects relating to the structure,

organization, function and procedures of the financial system of the Commercial

Banks and Private Banks only. He did not examined or study the Cooperative

Banks. Therefore in the Second recommendation Report in 1998, he

recommends vide Recommendation no. : “ 6.6 The Committee also

recommends that a distinction be made between NPAs arising out of client

specific and institution specific reasons and general (agro climatic and

environmental issues) factors. …”

Prime Ministers pronouncements were ignored:

?Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister: “Cooperative Movement is an alternative

to Capitalism, Socialism.”

?Smt. Indira Gandhi: “I know of no other instrument so potentially powerful and

full of social purpose as the cooperative movement. …”

The Cooperative sector denotes the “Inclusive Growth Strategy”, which brings

the sustainable development of the People in socially and economically.

The above narration proves that, the concerning regulatory bodies are not

patronizing the Cooperatives, but they are being used to down fall the Cooperative

Banking sector. The down fall of the Cooperative sector is not good for the Indian

economy. It has to be averted for the healthy economic development. It can be done

by bringing an Act to look after the Cooperative concept, its Principles, the

development of different types of Cooperatives and the proper regulation.

“Cooperative Development and Regulatory Authority”:

At the larger interests of rural economy, there is an urgent need to bring an Act

“Cooperative Development and Regulatory Authority”, since because the Banking

regulation Act deals with the Private sector protection and it development. It did not

recognizing the Cooperative sector as an economic sector. If the Cooperative

Banking regulation is further allowed under this regulation act, it is bound to close

the entire Cooperative Banking sector or made to hand over to Private sector. Which

would bring disharmony in villages among the communities and economic, social

tension becomes order of the day.

And on the part of the Cooperative movement, we had to re introduce the “Thrift

Deposit” from every user member and maintaining the statutory required

percentage of Share Capital from every user member/lonee. Let us reassess the

Member and lonee. We have to protect the Cooperative movement for justifiable

society and the Sahakara Dharma.

All the State Govt. consider to bring the scheme "Cooperative Deposit

Guarantee Scheme" for PACS in line with the Kerala Govt.

All the state Governments should consider to bring a scheme called the

"Cooperative Deposit Guarantee Scheme" for the Primary Agriculture Cooperative

Societies - PACS, which enables the confidence in the members to make deposit in

the PACS

Promote the Agriculture Produces Processing and Marketing Cooperative

Society for each Mandal/Block.

Promote the Agri. Processing and Marketing Cooperative Society (APMCS) in

every Block/Mandal with the Farmers of that area and assist the Share Capital. It is

the Primary Cooperative Society. The Govt. of India and the State Govt. jointly had to

provide infrastructure facilities like; Land, Godowns and also know how.

The Agriculture Produce Processing and Marketing Cooperative Society

(APMCS) may be federating in to the District Agri. Processing and Marketing Coop.

Society Ltd (DAPMCS). And assist the Share Capital.

AGENDA No. III

AGENDA No. IV

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

7 November 2020

The Primary (APMCS) Cooperative Society will pool the agriculture produces of

the member farmers and process it and packs them. Sells them at their Primary

Coop. Society outlet and sends to its District Federation (DAPMCS) for marketing,

who in turn, will market them Nationally.

Benefits:

?Farmer can get more price than the Govt. fixed rate, in due course of time the

Farmer can decide the rate of his Agriculture produce.

Let us adhere to the Cooperative Principles anShaAssd Values.

Cooperative Sector is one of the economic system in our Indian economy. We

are following the mixed economy, i.e., the Public Sector, the Private Sector and the

Cooperative Sector. Cooperatives are distinctive business organizations.

Cooperatives are association of human beings (users), not of capital. It

decentralizes the Production, the Marketing and the Wealth in tune with Indian

Constitution Directive Principles of Article 39 (c). The Principle action of the

cooperatives is to elimination of exploitation and to promote economic rights of the

people. It seeks to establish the economic democracy.

Definition

A co-operative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet

their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a

jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise.

Ranging from small-scale to multi-million dollar businesses across the globe, co-

operatives employ more than 100 million women and men and have more than 800

million individual members.

Values

Co-operatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy,

equality, equity and solidarity. In the tradition of their founders, co-operative

members believe in the ethical values of honesty, openness, social responsibility

and caring for others.

PRINCIPLES

1. Voluntary And Open Membership:

Co-operatives are voluntary organisations, open to all persons able to use their

services and willing to accept the responsibilities of membership, without

gender, social, racial, political or religious discrimination

2. Democratic Member Control:

Co-operatives are democratic organisations controlled by their members, who

actively participate in setting their policies and making decisions. Men and

women serving as elected representatives are accountable to the membership.

In primary co-operatives members have equal voting rights (one member, one

vote) and co-operatives at other levels are also organised in a democratic

manner

3. Member Economic Participation:

Members contribute equitably to, and democratically control, the capital of their

co-operative. At least part of that capital is usually the common property of the

co-operative. Members usually receive limited compensation, if any, on capital

subscribed as a condition of membership. Members allocate surpluses for any

or all of the following purposes: developing their co-operative, possibly by

setting up reserves, part of which at least would be indivisible; benefiting

members in proportion to their transactions with the co-operative; and

supporting other activities approved by the membership

4. Autonomy and Independence:

Co-operatives are autonomous, self-help organisations controlled by their

members. If they enter to agreements with other organisations, including

governments, or raise capital from external sources, they do so on terms that

ensure democratic control by their members and maintain their co-operative

autonomy.

5. Education, Training And Information:

Co-operatives provide education and training for their members, elected

representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to

the development of their co-operatives. They inform the general public –

particularly young people and opinion leaders – about the nature and benefits of

co-operation

6. Co-Operation Among Co-Operatives:

Co-operatives serve their members most effectively and strengthen the co-

AGENDA NO. V

operative movement by working together through local, national, regional and

international structures.

7. Concern For Community:

Co-operatives work for the sustainable development of their communities

through policies approved by their members.

Characteristics of cooperative Society:

?Association of Persons having common economic needs or aspirations.

?Share Capital gets only limited interest.

?Dividend is in proportion to the Member transaction with the Cooperative

Society.

?Thrift is inbuilt transaction in getting the Member self-reliant.

HENCE:

In the present competitive market oriented economy, to with stand the

Cooperative sector, it has to be strong enough in Capital base. Therefore the

Cooperative Society had to adopt the following amendments to its Bye-laws in its

Annual General Meeting and get it ratified by the Registrar of Cooperative Societies.

Thrift Deposit:

1) Collection of “Thrift Deposit”; Every Member who gets services /the loan, 2% of

loan disbursed to him, be kept as Thrift Deposit.

2) An interest of 6% p.a. the “Thrift Deposit” be charged to Profit and Loss Account.

3) The interest arrived at, to added to the Member Thrift Deposit amount on 31st

March of the year.

Individual Member Barrowing Power( IMBP):

The present Individual Member Barrowing Power (IMBP) be raised to

Rs. 5,00,000/-(Rupees five lakshs only).

Cooperative Subject be a syllabus from Primary School to Post Graduate

Cooperative Sector is an economic system. It denotes the “Inclusive Growth

Strategy”. It studies the micro economics at Primary Society level and macro

economics at Federated Society level. It is the User's economy. It makes all user

members self-reliant. Cooperative system decentralizes the Production, the

Marketing and the Wealth. Its principle action is to eliminate the exploitation and

promotes the economic rights of the People. It seeks to establish the economic

democracy.

Cooperatives became a part our life, particularly in the Villages. Every Village

had the following Cooperative Societies as per the different types of Artisans:

1. Primary Agriculture Coop. Society - PACS

2. Milk Producers & Processers Coop. society

3. Handloom weavers Coop. Society - HWCS

4. Joint Farming Cooperative Society - JFCS

5. Nayee Brahman Coop. Society

6. Rajaka Coop. Society

7. Labour Contract Coop. Society

8. Sheep Breeding Coop. Society

9. Thrift and Credit Coop. Society

10. Consumers Coop. Society

11. House Building Coop. Society

12. SHG Coop. Society, etc.

Nearly 95 % of Villages and 98 % of house-holds in rural India are covered by the

services of the Cooperative movement, in other words, Cooperative economy

represents the rural economy.

Hence the knowledge of the Cooperative concept, Principles and the theory had

to be in calculated in the rural masses, since because it is the part of their daily

routine work. The Cooperative Sector is one of the, our Mixed economy, we are

following. Article 43 of our Constitution directs Governments to implement the

Cooperative Policy in rural India. It is the embodiment of the end result of the

Articles 39(c). There for the Cooperative theory must be Subject of Education from

Primary School to University level.

AGENDA No. VI

The Industrial Revolution gave a birth for the Three Kids of economic systems,

i.e., The Capitalism, The Marxism and The Cooperative system. These three

economic theories are contemporary. Adam Smith put forth the Capitalism theory,

Marx put forth the Marxism theory and Rochdale Pioneers put forth the Cooperative

theory.

Interpretation of the “ Surplus Value” is the main content for identifying the

Economic theory.

Adam Smith representing the Capitalism, did not want to recognize the existence

of the “Surplus Value”. The group representing this thought says Surplus value is

the product of the Demand & Supply and the invisible hand, but not of the Work

Force. Hence the Surplus Value should be, belong to the Investor, who invested the

Capital. Pooling of incomes becomes the Capital.

Marxism theory says that the “Surplus Value is the product of the exploitation.

Hence through the proletariat dictatorship, the Surplus Value could be nationalized.

And the Government take care of all necessities of the People.

The Rochdale Pioneers representing the Cooperative system, recognized the

Surplus Value and also need of the Capital. The pooling of a portion from the User's

necessities, becomes the Share Capital. The theory says Capital should get a

minimum rate of interest, but not a share in the Surplus Value of the business. A

portion of Surplus is distributed in proportionate to the User member participation in

business activity of the Coop. Society. The remaining is belonging to the Society or

the Community of the User member. The Cooperative Society is democratically

managed.

In nut shell, the above are the Three economic theories were prevailed in the

Countries around the Independent India in 1947. Considering the Pros & Cons of

the theories and the ground reality prevailed in Indian Communities and Indian

demography, The Indian Constitution is presented to our selves, headed by

Dr.B.R.Ambedkar.

We decided to adopt Mixed economic system, by taking the good features from

the above the three economics theories. The Independent India should be developed

through the Planned economic system, by fixing Targets for the each Private Sector,

Public Sector and the Cooperative Sector for Five Plan Period.

The main criteria for selecting the field for economic Sector is the social and

economic status and their demography of different types of People.

Hence, to attain the goals enshrined in our Preamble of Constitution, the

economy of rural India should be developed through the Cooperative system.

Article 39(c): The state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing that

the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth

and means of production to the common detriment.

Article 43: Directs the Governments to fallow the Cooperative policy in the

Indian rural economy.

The Cooperative sector soon after independence, the share of the Cooperatives

in advancing credit and agriculture inputs to the Farming Community was 3%. And

it was increased to 67% up to 1985 to the period, we were contemplating to enter in

the World economy vis-à-vis the liberlised economic policies. As a results of Market

economic policies , the share of Cooperative sector services to the Farming

community is decreased to nearly 12%. The rural economy was not developed

comparatively to that of Industry & Trade development.

THE BEST RURAL “HRD” FORCE

India is predominately a rural country with 2/3 population and 70% of work force

residing in rural areas. It is the Best Rural human Resources Development(HRD)

Force. This HRD Force had to be properly utilized in Agriculture Products Processing

units in the Cooperative Sector.

Rural economy constitute 46% of national income, near about 20% of the

population getting only a share of 2 to 3% of the National Income.

21.9% of the population lives Below the National Poverty Line(BPL).

STEPS TO BE TAKEN:

To oblige the Constitution directions and to Honor the Coop. wing of the UNO

which advised for implementing “ Inclusive Growth Strategy”, the promotion of

Cooperatives in all activities of rural economy, for the social justice with economic

stability is the need of the hour. Since because Cooperative system stands for the

Inclusive Growth strategy.

1. A National Policy for promoting and supporting the Agriculture Processing Units

at each Mandal / Block level in Cooperative sector for each kind of products of

Agriculture for Processing and Packing. These are the Primary Coop.

Processing Societies.

2. The Mandal / Block level Primary Coop. Processing Units will be federated in to

District Level Marketing Society. This District level federation will look after the

marketing of the processed & packed products at District, State, National level

and even Internationally.

3. Governments had to provide the Technical Know-how, infrastructure facilities

such as roads and buildings and Godowns as that was providing to MSM Units.

4. Ban the transfer of Agriculture Lands of the Small and Marginal Farmers to

Companies/ Organisations of any type.

- Sambharapu Bhoomaiah, Director,

mail: coop.welfarecouncil@gmail.com

Sahakara Samkshema Samithi, An NGO. Hyderabad, Telangana.

(In memory of late Shri Ashok Bandhopadhy, the Veteran Cooperator, who

served as Chairman for NAFSCOB and West Bengal SCB)

Sahakara Prabodhini Special Issue

THE BEST RURAL “HRD” FORCE

Printed, Published and Owned by Smt. S. Hemalatha and Printed at 'Dharani Graphics', Khairatabad, Hyderabad - 4 and Published at

H.No. 222, Vemana Colony, Chandanagar, Seriligampally Mandal, R.R. Dist. Hyd - 500 050. Editor: Sambharapu Bhoomaiah

Sahakara Dharma Peetam Appealed for "Special Economic Package" in May, 2020

Govt. of India positively reacted and sanctioned Rs 20,000/-Crores for the New Agr.

Produce Processing Coop. societies and PACS Gowdown facilities in August, 2020.

The Memorandum focused on Agriculture labourers and the farmers of every entity

in rural India with the proposed fund of “ Special Economic Package” with a focus

on making India self dependent.

1. Promote the Labour Contract Cooperative Society in every Gram Panchayat

area with the Agriculture Labourers and assist the Share Capital of

Rs. 3,00,000/-(Rupees three lakhs only).

2. Promote the Agri. Processing and Marketing Cooperative Society (APMCS) in

every Block/Mandal with the Farmers of that area and assist the Share Capital of

Rs. 50,00,000/-

Federate these Primary Coop. Society (APMCS) in to District Agri. Processing and

Marketing Coop. Society Ltd (DAPMCS). And assist the Share Capital of Minimum

Rs. 10 crores.

The Primary (APMCS) Coop. Society will pool the agriculture produces of the

member farmers and process it and packs them. Sells them at their Primary Co-op.

Society outlet and sends to its District Federation (DAPMCS) for marketing, who in

turn, will market them Nationally.

Sahakara Dharma Peetam Enlightened the M.P.s and CMsSahakara Dharma Peetam appealed the Prime Minister and all Members of

Parliament of both house Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Individually submitted the

appeal requesting to withdraw the Two Bills regarding Farmer produces and

marketing and the Banking Regulation Amendment Bill 2020 on 27.07.2020 and

again on 28.08.2020 on Banking Regulation Amendment to postpone and conduct

Chief Minister Conference on the Bill but invain. Further we appealed all Chief

Ministers to impress the Prime Minister to convene the conference and withdraw the bill.

Public Awareness on Cooperation

Cooperation is the aspiration of the people. The awareness of the public on

cooperation will only influence the attitude of Government and the policy makers. As

our sincere endeavour, Sahakara Dharma Peetam took a year long cooperative

awareness programme starting from 14 Nov. 2020 to 20 Nov. 2021.