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Transcript of j - US Environmental Protection Agency
Darling Hill Project Lyndonville Vermont- j Project No 4905040
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J DRAFT WETLAND DELINEATION
J AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT
Q
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Prepared On Behalf Of
J The Darling Hill Task Group Lyndonville Vermcnt
Prepared By
Environmental Science amp Engineering Inc (ESE)
J Amherst New Hampshire
March 2 1992
- Table of Contenu
10 Wetland Delineation
11 Bacqround
12 Jnttoduction bull bull bull bull
13 Mdbodology
14 Results and Discussion bull
I41 Gencral Observations
142 Ami Characteristics
1421 Soils bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
1422 Vqetation bull bull bull 10
143 Study Ami (Ilelinealltd) Wetlands (Fiampun 3) bull 13
J 1431 Ami A bullbullbull bullbull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbull 13
J 1432 Ami L bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull 14
1433 Ami M bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 16
0 1434 Ami N bullbull bull 17
1435 Oilier (Non-ltlelinaled) WeiiJIIds 18
J 15 Nalianll Wetland lnYaltory (NWI) Moppina bull bullbullbull 19
16 ConclusionJ bullbull 20
20 Ecdocicll Aueosmalt bullbull bullbull bull bull 21
1 21 Potential Receplon bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 21
22 Natu~ and Extent of ContamiiWlU of Concern 22
221 Metals
2211 Surface Water c3
2212 Sediment bull 23
2213 SoiiiSurface Water Runoff 23
2 3 Significance of Nature and Extent 24 Uncertainty 26
30 Referonces bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING Hill PROJECr Dale
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10 Wetland Delineation
11 Background
On November 20 198S the Federal Regisler (SO FR 47946) published an EPA Memorandum
on CERCLA Compliance With Other Environmental Statutes One of these statutes is Executive
Order 11990 promulpled 10 insure the conservation of wellands
The lbove Elltocu1ive Order requires that action be liken 10 minimize the destrudion loss or
dqrodalion of wetlands and 10 _ and enhanoe the natural and beoefuial values of the
wellands The Order also emphasizes the imponancc of avoidinJ any activity in wetlands unless
there is no pnclicable aloemative and minimizing or mi1igating the harm to wetlands if the only
- ~ pnclicable aloemative requires activity in the wetland
J1eaioa I EPA bas reqllelled that a wellands ~ be performed for the Dulinamp Hill
Project A Wdlands delineation wu performed on Aprill3 and 14 1990 in acoonlanoe with
criteria and mothodolocY ciled in the RifFS Work Plan (ESE I990a) The followinamp are the
raulu of this lllldy
12 lnuoduction
The General Study Area (herein refened to as Study Area) islocaled berween the East and West
Branches of the Passumpsic River (Fiaure 1) Both branches of the river rnerae just north of
the town of Lyndonville Vermont (Caledonia County) The Study Area includes the Disposal J Area located on the western side of Darling Hill Road in addition to the several monitoring
weU locations (see Figure 1) The main ponions of the Study Area lie on the top and along the
western slopes of a ridge that lies between the two branches of the Passumpsic River Darling
Hill Road runs in a northeasterly direction across the top of this fairly steep ridge (Figure 3) -)
Areas that lie 10 the northwest of Darling Hill Road drain into the West Branchmiddot~
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
bull I bull
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Revision Dale
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Passumpsic River while areas lying to the southeast of this road drain into the East Branch --Only one location within the Study Area near monitoring well 117 lies below the river
Ir confloence This area drains dlrectly into the main stream of the Passumpsic River
~ It Hiamphest elevations [c BSO feet (National Gecdettic Vertical Datum)] occur on the top of the ridce lldjocent (east) of the Dispoal Ara (Fiampuro 3) The land slopes steeply to the northwest I I down to the valley of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River wbere elevations nnae form
7S0-72S feet (NGVD) The western slopes are biJectod by a number of Sleep ravines that often
emcl abruptly in Ilion bonches or in old river temccs (Ficuro I)
The romainder of the Study Ara lies alonamp the bltMtomlands usotiated witlt the Passumpsic
River and its bnncbes Elevations tluouampbout theae nnae from 7IO to 72S feet (NGVD)
13 MelltodoloiY
Sewn and refaoncel _ oonsultod in the COUI10 of detmnininamp the limits of lite
floodplainswetlands Theae include lite Interim Soil Surgtey of Caledonia County Vermont lite
USFWS National Wdlands Intory (NWI) map (Burke Vermont qlJldnnample) lite Federal
Emcraency Manaampement Alent) (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study (own of Lynden VT
community S00028)(FEMA 19amp8)atopocnphic survey prepared for the project and the USGS
7S minutetopOamprapbic aeries qulldnncles (Lyndonville and Burllaquo VT)
The field identification of jurisdictional wetlands is based upon the Federa1 three parameter
(vqetation soils and hydrology) methodology The criteria to be evaluated are outlined in the
d Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (FICWD 1989) A brief
synopsis of these criteria are presented below
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARUNG Hill PROIECT
)I Revision 2 Date 00127192 Page 3
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act fcdcnlly regulated wetlands are defined as follows
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or sroundwaur at a freshyquency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances does support a prevalence of vqelation typically adapled for life in saturaled ooil conditions [33 CFR 3283(b) In Federgtl Rqister ~1(219)41206-41260 1986)
Field idauification of wltIWxls 10 defined is ltleterminecl by whether or not U1 area -s all
throe of lhc followinamp criteria esoablishecl by lhc Federgtl lnteraampency Committee for Weiland
Delineotion (FICWD) in lhc Federal Manual for ldentifyinamp U1d Delineatinamp Juriadictional
Wetlands (FICWD 1989) _J
) The fint criterion vqaation clelines a welland u U1 on which lhc preclominant plant
species are hydngtphytilt Hydngtphytic species are thole plallu llw have physiolcJiical or morshy
pholopal adaplaliom 11w enable lhcm to survive U1d flourish in wet (anoxic) IOil conditiona
for a l1lljor J1llt of lhc rna ISIOII Soil anoxia (low ooil OXYampal lalsionJ) iJ primarily lhc
rault of periodic or permUlaUIampIUialion of lhc IOil u a rault of inunclation from tshy
or adjacalt sun- watltn
Many planu CUI be supported by more than one type of habitat Acxordincly lhc U S Fish
U1d Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed a clusification system llw usians a welland
indicator value to species accordinamp to the followinamp distribution
fLA1n AFFINrrY FOR WETLAND CONDITIONS
lJaaililtlligo
Oblipampe (OBL) Fultative Wee (FACW) FaaaiUve (fAC) FKUlwtive UplaDd (FACU) N011middotwtdud (UPL)
5 Occwnpce in Wetapck
gt 67-99 1-33 lt I bull
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
Paampe
The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
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2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
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r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
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by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
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r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
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I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
- Table of Contenu
10 Wetland Delineation
11 Bacqround
12 Jnttoduction bull bull bull bull
13 Mdbodology
14 Results and Discussion bull
I41 Gencral Observations
142 Ami Characteristics
1421 Soils bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull
1422 Vqetation bull bull bull 10
143 Study Ami (Ilelinealltd) Wetlands (Fiampun 3) bull 13
J 1431 Ami A bullbullbull bullbull bull bullbull bullbullbullbullbull 13
J 1432 Ami L bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull 14
1433 Ami M bull bull bull bull bull bullbull bull 16
0 1434 Ami N bullbull bull 17
1435 Oilier (Non-ltlelinaled) WeiiJIIds 18
J 15 Nalianll Wetland lnYaltory (NWI) Moppina bull bullbullbull 19
16 ConclusionJ bullbull 20
20 Ecdocicll Aueosmalt bullbull bullbull bull bull 21
1 21 Potential Receplon bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull bull 21
22 Natu~ and Extent of ContamiiWlU of Concern 22
221 Metals
2211 Surface Water c3
2212 Sediment bull 23
2213 SoiiiSurface Water Runoff 23
2 3 Significance of Nature and Extent 24 Uncertainty 26
30 Referonces bull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bullbull bull bull bull bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING Hill PROJECr Dale
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10 Wetland Delineation
11 Background
On November 20 198S the Federal Regisler (SO FR 47946) published an EPA Memorandum
on CERCLA Compliance With Other Environmental Statutes One of these statutes is Executive
Order 11990 promulpled 10 insure the conservation of wellands
The lbove Elltocu1ive Order requires that action be liken 10 minimize the destrudion loss or
dqrodalion of wetlands and 10 _ and enhanoe the natural and beoefuial values of the
wellands The Order also emphasizes the imponancc of avoidinJ any activity in wetlands unless
there is no pnclicable aloemative and minimizing or mi1igating the harm to wetlands if the only
- ~ pnclicable aloemative requires activity in the wetland
J1eaioa I EPA bas reqllelled that a wellands ~ be performed for the Dulinamp Hill
Project A Wdlands delineation wu performed on Aprill3 and 14 1990 in acoonlanoe with
criteria and mothodolocY ciled in the RifFS Work Plan (ESE I990a) The followinamp are the
raulu of this lllldy
12 lnuoduction
The General Study Area (herein refened to as Study Area) islocaled berween the East and West
Branches of the Passumpsic River (Fiaure 1) Both branches of the river rnerae just north of
the town of Lyndonville Vermont (Caledonia County) The Study Area includes the Disposal J Area located on the western side of Darling Hill Road in addition to the several monitoring
weU locations (see Figure 1) The main ponions of the Study Area lie on the top and along the
western slopes of a ridge that lies between the two branches of the Passumpsic River Darling
Hill Road runs in a northeasterly direction across the top of this fairly steep ridge (Figure 3) -)
Areas that lie 10 the northwest of Darling Hill Road drain into the West Branchmiddot~
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
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Revision Dale
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Passumpsic River while areas lying to the southeast of this road drain into the East Branch --Only one location within the Study Area near monitoring well 117 lies below the river
Ir confloence This area drains dlrectly into the main stream of the Passumpsic River
~ It Hiamphest elevations [c BSO feet (National Gecdettic Vertical Datum)] occur on the top of the ridce lldjocent (east) of the Dispoal Ara (Fiampuro 3) The land slopes steeply to the northwest I I down to the valley of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River wbere elevations nnae form
7S0-72S feet (NGVD) The western slopes are biJectod by a number of Sleep ravines that often
emcl abruptly in Ilion bonches or in old river temccs (Ficuro I)
The romainder of the Study Ara lies alonamp the bltMtomlands usotiated witlt the Passumpsic
River and its bnncbes Elevations tluouampbout theae nnae from 7IO to 72S feet (NGVD)
13 MelltodoloiY
Sewn and refaoncel _ oonsultod in the COUI10 of detmnininamp the limits of lite
floodplainswetlands Theae include lite Interim Soil Surgtey of Caledonia County Vermont lite
USFWS National Wdlands Intory (NWI) map (Burke Vermont qlJldnnample) lite Federal
Emcraency Manaampement Alent) (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study (own of Lynden VT
community S00028)(FEMA 19amp8)atopocnphic survey prepared for the project and the USGS
7S minutetopOamprapbic aeries qulldnncles (Lyndonville and Burllaquo VT)
The field identification of jurisdictional wetlands is based upon the Federa1 three parameter
(vqetation soils and hydrology) methodology The criteria to be evaluated are outlined in the
d Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (FICWD 1989) A brief
synopsis of these criteria are presented below
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARUNG Hill PROIECT
)I Revision 2 Date 00127192 Page 3
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act fcdcnlly regulated wetlands are defined as follows
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or sroundwaur at a freshyquency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances does support a prevalence of vqelation typically adapled for life in saturaled ooil conditions [33 CFR 3283(b) In Federgtl Rqister ~1(219)41206-41260 1986)
Field idauification of wltIWxls 10 defined is ltleterminecl by whether or not U1 area -s all
throe of lhc followinamp criteria esoablishecl by lhc Federgtl lnteraampency Committee for Weiland
Delineotion (FICWD) in lhc Federal Manual for ldentifyinamp U1d Delineatinamp Juriadictional
Wetlands (FICWD 1989) _J
) The fint criterion vqaation clelines a welland u U1 on which lhc preclominant plant
species are hydngtphytilt Hydngtphytic species are thole plallu llw have physiolcJiical or morshy
pholopal adaplaliom 11w enable lhcm to survive U1d flourish in wet (anoxic) IOil conditiona
for a l1lljor J1llt of lhc rna ISIOII Soil anoxia (low ooil OXYampal lalsionJ) iJ primarily lhc
rault of periodic or permUlaUIampIUialion of lhc IOil u a rault of inunclation from tshy
or adjacalt sun- watltn
Many planu CUI be supported by more than one type of habitat Acxordincly lhc U S Fish
U1d Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed a clusification system llw usians a welland
indicator value to species accordinamp to the followinamp distribution
fLA1n AFFINrrY FOR WETLAND CONDITIONS
lJaaililtlligo
Oblipampe (OBL) Fultative Wee (FACW) FaaaiUve (fAC) FKUlwtive UplaDd (FACU) N011middotwtdud (UPL)
5 Occwnpce in Wetapck
gt 67-99 1-33 lt I bull
--
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
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The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
I -
2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
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r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
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acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
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SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
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r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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of the docubullent
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
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200 0 200 00
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
l
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING Hill PROJECr Dale
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10 Wetland Delineation
11 Background
On November 20 198S the Federal Regisler (SO FR 47946) published an EPA Memorandum
on CERCLA Compliance With Other Environmental Statutes One of these statutes is Executive
Order 11990 promulpled 10 insure the conservation of wellands
The lbove Elltocu1ive Order requires that action be liken 10 minimize the destrudion loss or
dqrodalion of wetlands and 10 _ and enhanoe the natural and beoefuial values of the
wellands The Order also emphasizes the imponancc of avoidinJ any activity in wetlands unless
there is no pnclicable aloemative and minimizing or mi1igating the harm to wetlands if the only
- ~ pnclicable aloemative requires activity in the wetland
J1eaioa I EPA bas reqllelled that a wellands ~ be performed for the Dulinamp Hill
Project A Wdlands delineation wu performed on Aprill3 and 14 1990 in acoonlanoe with
criteria and mothodolocY ciled in the RifFS Work Plan (ESE I990a) The followinamp are the
raulu of this lllldy
12 lnuoduction
The General Study Area (herein refened to as Study Area) islocaled berween the East and West
Branches of the Passumpsic River (Fiaure 1) Both branches of the river rnerae just north of
the town of Lyndonville Vermont (Caledonia County) The Study Area includes the Disposal J Area located on the western side of Darling Hill Road in addition to the several monitoring
weU locations (see Figure 1) The main ponions of the Study Area lie on the top and along the
western slopes of a ridge that lies between the two branches of the Passumpsic River Darling
Hill Road runs in a northeasterly direction across the top of this fairly steep ridge (Figure 3) -)
Areas that lie 10 the northwest of Darling Hill Road drain into the West Branchmiddot~
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
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Revision Dale
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Passumpsic River while areas lying to the southeast of this road drain into the East Branch --Only one location within the Study Area near monitoring well 117 lies below the river
Ir confloence This area drains dlrectly into the main stream of the Passumpsic River
~ It Hiamphest elevations [c BSO feet (National Gecdettic Vertical Datum)] occur on the top of the ridce lldjocent (east) of the Dispoal Ara (Fiampuro 3) The land slopes steeply to the northwest I I down to the valley of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River wbere elevations nnae form
7S0-72S feet (NGVD) The western slopes are biJectod by a number of Sleep ravines that often
emcl abruptly in Ilion bonches or in old river temccs (Ficuro I)
The romainder of the Study Ara lies alonamp the bltMtomlands usotiated witlt the Passumpsic
River and its bnncbes Elevations tluouampbout theae nnae from 7IO to 72S feet (NGVD)
13 MelltodoloiY
Sewn and refaoncel _ oonsultod in the COUI10 of detmnininamp the limits of lite
floodplainswetlands Theae include lite Interim Soil Surgtey of Caledonia County Vermont lite
USFWS National Wdlands Intory (NWI) map (Burke Vermont qlJldnnample) lite Federal
Emcraency Manaampement Alent) (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study (own of Lynden VT
community S00028)(FEMA 19amp8)atopocnphic survey prepared for the project and the USGS
7S minutetopOamprapbic aeries qulldnncles (Lyndonville and Burllaquo VT)
The field identification of jurisdictional wetlands is based upon the Federa1 three parameter
(vqetation soils and hydrology) methodology The criteria to be evaluated are outlined in the
d Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (FICWD 1989) A brief
synopsis of these criteria are presented below
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARUNG Hill PROIECT
)I Revision 2 Date 00127192 Page 3
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act fcdcnlly regulated wetlands are defined as follows
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or sroundwaur at a freshyquency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances does support a prevalence of vqelation typically adapled for life in saturaled ooil conditions [33 CFR 3283(b) In Federgtl Rqister ~1(219)41206-41260 1986)
Field idauification of wltIWxls 10 defined is ltleterminecl by whether or not U1 area -s all
throe of lhc followinamp criteria esoablishecl by lhc Federgtl lnteraampency Committee for Weiland
Delineotion (FICWD) in lhc Federal Manual for ldentifyinamp U1d Delineatinamp Juriadictional
Wetlands (FICWD 1989) _J
) The fint criterion vqaation clelines a welland u U1 on which lhc preclominant plant
species are hydngtphytilt Hydngtphytic species are thole plallu llw have physiolcJiical or morshy
pholopal adaplaliom 11w enable lhcm to survive U1d flourish in wet (anoxic) IOil conditiona
for a l1lljor J1llt of lhc rna ISIOII Soil anoxia (low ooil OXYampal lalsionJ) iJ primarily lhc
rault of periodic or permUlaUIampIUialion of lhc IOil u a rault of inunclation from tshy
or adjacalt sun- watltn
Many planu CUI be supported by more than one type of habitat Acxordincly lhc U S Fish
U1d Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed a clusification system llw usians a welland
indicator value to species accordinamp to the followinamp distribution
fLA1n AFFINrrY FOR WETLAND CONDITIONS
lJaaililtlligo
Oblipampe (OBL) Fultative Wee (FACW) FaaaiUve (fAC) FKUlwtive UplaDd (FACU) N011middotwtdud (UPL)
5 Occwnpce in Wetapck
gt 67-99 1-33 lt I bull
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
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The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
I -
2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
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under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
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r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
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acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
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by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
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SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
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- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
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143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
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baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
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r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
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The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
bull I bull
r
I I
~ I Imiddot
Revision Dale
Paampbull
Passumpsic River while areas lying to the southeast of this road drain into the East Branch --Only one location within the Study Area near monitoring well 117 lies below the river
Ir confloence This area drains dlrectly into the main stream of the Passumpsic River
~ It Hiamphest elevations [c BSO feet (National Gecdettic Vertical Datum)] occur on the top of the ridce lldjocent (east) of the Dispoal Ara (Fiampuro 3) The land slopes steeply to the northwest I I down to the valley of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River wbere elevations nnae form
7S0-72S feet (NGVD) The western slopes are biJectod by a number of Sleep ravines that often
emcl abruptly in Ilion bonches or in old river temccs (Ficuro I)
The romainder of the Study Ara lies alonamp the bltMtomlands usotiated witlt the Passumpsic
River and its bnncbes Elevations tluouampbout theae nnae from 7IO to 72S feet (NGVD)
13 MelltodoloiY
Sewn and refaoncel _ oonsultod in the COUI10 of detmnininamp the limits of lite
floodplainswetlands Theae include lite Interim Soil Surgtey of Caledonia County Vermont lite
USFWS National Wdlands Intory (NWI) map (Burke Vermont qlJldnnample) lite Federal
Emcraency Manaampement Alent) (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study (own of Lynden VT
community S00028)(FEMA 19amp8)atopocnphic survey prepared for the project and the USGS
7S minutetopOamprapbic aeries qulldnncles (Lyndonville and Burllaquo VT)
The field identification of jurisdictional wetlands is based upon the Federa1 three parameter
(vqetation soils and hydrology) methodology The criteria to be evaluated are outlined in the
d Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands (FICWD 1989) A brief
synopsis of these criteria are presented below
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARUNG Hill PROIECT
)I Revision 2 Date 00127192 Page 3
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act fcdcnlly regulated wetlands are defined as follows
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or sroundwaur at a freshyquency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances does support a prevalence of vqelation typically adapled for life in saturaled ooil conditions [33 CFR 3283(b) In Federgtl Rqister ~1(219)41206-41260 1986)
Field idauification of wltIWxls 10 defined is ltleterminecl by whether or not U1 area -s all
throe of lhc followinamp criteria esoablishecl by lhc Federgtl lnteraampency Committee for Weiland
Delineotion (FICWD) in lhc Federal Manual for ldentifyinamp U1d Delineatinamp Juriadictional
Wetlands (FICWD 1989) _J
) The fint criterion vqaation clelines a welland u U1 on which lhc preclominant plant
species are hydngtphytilt Hydngtphytic species are thole plallu llw have physiolcJiical or morshy
pholopal adaplaliom 11w enable lhcm to survive U1d flourish in wet (anoxic) IOil conditiona
for a l1lljor J1llt of lhc rna ISIOII Soil anoxia (low ooil OXYampal lalsionJ) iJ primarily lhc
rault of periodic or permUlaUIampIUialion of lhc IOil u a rault of inunclation from tshy
or adjacalt sun- watltn
Many planu CUI be supported by more than one type of habitat Acxordincly lhc U S Fish
U1d Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed a clusification system llw usians a welland
indicator value to species accordinamp to the followinamp distribution
fLA1n AFFINrrY FOR WETLAND CONDITIONS
lJaaililtlligo
Oblipampe (OBL) Fultative Wee (FACW) FaaaiUve (fAC) FKUlwtive UplaDd (FACU) N011middotwtdud (UPL)
5 Occwnpce in Wetapck
gt 67-99 1-33 lt I bull
--
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
Paampe
The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
I -
2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
i
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
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r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
J
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
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SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
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- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
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baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
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Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
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PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARUNG Hill PROIECT
)I Revision 2 Date 00127192 Page 3
Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act fcdcnlly regulated wetlands are defined as follows
those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or sroundwaur at a freshyquency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal circumstances does support a prevalence of vqelation typically adapled for life in saturaled ooil conditions [33 CFR 3283(b) In Federgtl Rqister ~1(219)41206-41260 1986)
Field idauification of wltIWxls 10 defined is ltleterminecl by whether or not U1 area -s all
throe of lhc followinamp criteria esoablishecl by lhc Federgtl lnteraampency Committee for Weiland
Delineotion (FICWD) in lhc Federal Manual for ldentifyinamp U1d Delineatinamp Juriadictional
Wetlands (FICWD 1989) _J
) The fint criterion vqaation clelines a welland u U1 on which lhc preclominant plant
species are hydngtphytilt Hydngtphytic species are thole plallu llw have physiolcJiical or morshy
pholopal adaplaliom 11w enable lhcm to survive U1d flourish in wet (anoxic) IOil conditiona
for a l1lljor J1llt of lhc rna ISIOII Soil anoxia (low ooil OXYampal lalsionJ) iJ primarily lhc
rault of periodic or permUlaUIampIUialion of lhc IOil u a rault of inunclation from tshy
or adjacalt sun- watltn
Many planu CUI be supported by more than one type of habitat Acxordincly lhc U S Fish
U1d Wildlife Service (USFWS) has developed a clusification system llw usians a welland
indicator value to species accordinamp to the followinamp distribution
fLA1n AFFINrrY FOR WETLAND CONDITIONS
lJaaililtlligo
Oblipampe (OBL) Fultative Wee (FACW) FaaaiUve (fAC) FKUlwtive UplaDd (FACU) N011middotwtdud (UPL)
5 Occwnpce in Wetapck
gt 67-99 1-33 lt I bull
--
i
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
Paampe
The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
I -
2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
i
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
Pqe 6
r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
J
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
IJI
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
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n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
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n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
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FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
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middot~I fglbullbull
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~~-1l ~middotmiddot ~ I
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
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J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
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lolldltto40M
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middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
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mmiddot- rr~mmiddot1
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_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
--
i
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision _ DARLING IDLL PROJECT Date
Paampe
The facultative classes are further subdivided by the we of pluses (+)and minuses (-) ID
indicate cmoter or lesser hydrophytic affinity respectively within a class Additionally oome I species either have not been considered for inclusion (classified NC) or no agreement has been
fQChed on their indicalor class (classified NA) Species not known ID occur in wetlands within
a porticular region 110 not listed and thus m presumed ID be oblipte upland plants
Spcciea indicatDr values 110 contained in the USFWS Publication Natioaal U1t of Plant Spcciea
that Occur in WdlandJ Nonbeut (Rqioo 1) 1988 (Reed 1988) A similar lilt Natioaal
Ult of Plant Spcciea That Occur in WdiandJ 1988 Vermont is available fOI the State of
Vermont _
--) Wedand vqetation is defined U thole 110U that are shy
I) dominaled by oblipte (OBL) wetlands plants in allllllll
I -
2) more than 50 of all dominant spociea from all 111111110 clusishyfied u OBL FACW 01 FAC
3) the percent ueai covaaae of OBL and FACW species exceeds the percent ueai covaaae of FACU and UPL species
4) the prevalence index of the community is less than 30 and
l OBL FACW and FAC species comprise less than or equal 1D SO of the community dominants or the prevalence indel is equal ID or greater than 30 and hydric soils and wetland hydrology present
J Areas dominated by obligate upland (UPL) species are considered to be uplands Problem area
wetlands (disturbed or altered areas) may not suppon hydrophytic vegetation or may suppon
I) hydrophytic vegetation only during ponions of the year these areas must be carefuUy examined
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
i
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
Pqe 6
r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
J
I ~
DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
I I
~ I I
DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
IJI
I ~ I
~ I I middot
~~I r ~ 1bull~ Ifri l~tlI fbull(l
Ir
b
J J so TAJIUS
J -
J
IJ ~
bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
I ~
bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
~
1 i
eie
eeete
eeiiii
1 iiiiiiiii
I 3~~~~3 3~~~ ~~~~~33~3~3
----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
~ ~
~~~
~
~~333~
~ ~
~ ~
bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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~~~~333~
lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
~ ~
tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
~J
3a 1111
1 1
1
I I
bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
-_)
-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
I
l
SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
_- - __ - L
middot~I fglbullbull
~~1 ~-e~ bull o ll i~ilco~
~~-1l ~middotmiddot ~ I
l l
15
h ~~ ~~
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
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nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
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teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
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- barcode 561700
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUlNG Hill PROJECT Dare IJl27192
Page ~
under the procedures for problem area wetlands to determine whether the wetland vegetation
criteria is met or can be waived
The second crilerion soils defines a wetland as an area which the predominate substrates exhibit
hydric characteristics Field characteristics indicating hydric condiiions for mineral soils with
low to modera1e organic content are defined chromatically as IOil B horizons with a matrix
chroma leas 111an 2 if moaliJtamp is preoent or mauix c1uoma of I or less if no moaliJtamp is preshy
t Low cluoma values an an index of the dqroe of Oil reduction that is USUilly the direct
result of anoxio Oil conditions Additional field cJwacreristics include the praeoce of hislie
umbic and in 10me cues mollie epipedons
Coone textured ooils (sands loomy sands and oome sandy looms) often faiIO develop low ooi1
chromas Alremalively low chromu may -lt f1om acessive lelcllinamp of the A and B horimiddot
middot Tlleroforo the chromalie crireria may be~ for- ooils H_ lddlliooal crireria may be UJOd I) the praeoce of hiamph orpnic conrents in the upper portions
of the ooi1 profile and 2) the praeoce of orpnic llnilkinamp lluouampJiout the - middot Orpnic
nweria1 may accumulate on the surface as a result of the low decomposition rates that
accompony soil anolia The praeoce of Jarae amounts of orpnic material near the surface
leads 10 straltinamp in the lower horizons u partially decomposed oJIIllc material slowly moves
down the profile following lhe water table in summer and fall This streaking is often
accompanied by the formation of organic pans (B2h or spodic horizons) at a depth corresponding
to the average seasona1 high water table Dluvial horizons (B2h or spodic horizons) m~y alto
fonn at the point of groundwater salUration These horiwns are fonned where organic matter
iron and aluminum sesquioxides accumulate forming a dense semi-ltemented layer The depth
at which these illuvia1 horizons fonn is indicative of the average position of the seasonal high
water table in the sol urn Coarse textured soils are considered to be hydric if this spodic horizon
occurs within 18 inches of the soil surface
i
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
Pqe 6
r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
J
I ~
DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
I I
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
I I
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
I I
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
I r
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
I I
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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1iiiiiiiii
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
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__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
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bull I iiS
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li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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1 1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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middot~I fglbullbull
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
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(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
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middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
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taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
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middot_ ACUtW
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
i
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DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG Hill PROJECf Date 112121112
Pqe 6
r Toeether these two sets of criteria allow most soils to be classified as either hydric or nonshy
hydric Excqgtlioos ~ JOils thai are strongly colored due 10 heir pamgt materials and disturbed
IOils (such as found in excavated areas or fills) Thele JOils must be more carefully euminod
under he procedures defined for alypical soils in he Federal manual (FICWD 1989)
A list of he hydric ooils of he United Slates is coolained in he publication Hydric Soils of he
United Slates (SCS 1987) Addilionally a state list for Vennonl proporod by he Natioaal
Tocbnical Commiue for Hydric Soils (USDA) is available under he liUe Hydric Soils of he
Slale ofVcrmonl (SCS 1986) This publicalioo lists U 30ils rated u predominately hydric
u well u U 30ils thai eilher may be hydric in spocililt coodilions or Ullllppinamp uniiS thai
may coolain hydric 30il inclusions This list is supplemented by counl) opocific hydric 30ils lists
available dlrouaJt he Soil Conaervation District Offices thai refine he clusificalioo buod m
local coodilions or llllppinamp coovenlions Both SlaiC and counl) lists are periodically reviewed
and updated
The bini and filial aiteriltlll hydrolocy delina wetlands u - areu thai ehibil eilher a
W higll watltr table within 12 inches of he 30il surface or aalUIIOd or inundated 30ils for
at least 12S of he crowinc JJOUOO Evidence of weUand hydrolocy may be eilher c1ircct
(meuuremerll of deplh 10 standinamp watltr or ooil saUratim) or indiroct (evidence of poodinamp
floodinamp 30il mordinamp morpllolocical adaptalioos of he sunoundinamp vqe~alion)
Vascular plant species were identified usinamp appropriate botanical works for the rqion usinamp
nomenclature which conforms to the National List of Scientific Plant Names (USDAISCS
1982) Species abundances in both upland and wetland communities were visually estimated as
cover classes of the Braun-Blanquet sca1e (see Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg (1974) or
Barbour Burllt and Pitts (1980) for delails) Samplinamp quadraiS were nested circular piOIS wilh
dimensions delemlined by communi) slruclure canopy sttala were generally samplljl
r I middot(
r
J
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DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
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DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
IJI
I ~ I
~ I I middot
~~I r ~ 1bull~ Ifri l~tlI fbull(l
Ir
b
J J so TAJIUS
J -
J
IJ ~
bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
I ~
bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
~
1 i
eie
eeete
eeiiii
1 iiiiiiiii
I 3~~~~3 3~~~ ~~~~~33~3~3
----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
~ ~
~~~
~
~~333~
~ ~
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bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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~~~~333~
lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
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~~bulla~c 3~~~
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3a 1111
1 1
1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
-_)
-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
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taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
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lolldltto40M
AdiiiiM bulllllofolhbull ACAC+lfllrlcltoldlnrod I
middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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hrlllll lUI Jbullt _ ef Llle Cll-rtil CNty -t -H middot
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l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
~tndll1~lty
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
6118 C ilJ3
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- middot-middot j I bullbull bullbullc bulluuooouo uno middot
hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
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U 111111 oU HUll U- tU 0-111 middot 11- II- IU Olol II- Ull llfl II I II Ill- I I IICIII Ill UIIIUI- 0111
u bullbull bullbullurou bullmiddotoo-bullbullbulluouo nnbullbullbull bullbullbullbullouut middot
n=r middotmiddot I I I I
hililiimiddot l mtf iftl fitu fdllfHIHh[nnlfiHiamjllflflltl( j11 1fllhl i bullmbull il ebull-bullbull 11 Ulbull bull bullunu
mol~llid~ltlllod nootllllll Hr
hiih(i~ middot ~~ 1 IIUII middothihh Whhi hi lUll IUUUia-hiiUII
_ iihh middotiibWWihii ~~ -~bull bullbullaabullwm iiiiii
IIIIIIImiddotOIIilhMot i bull II -bull oolllllllolllollllllllllo 1 iliiii middot iibAi ilfiA Wfhii
mmiddot- rr~mmiddot1
11----~~UARnilmu~-bull~bull~Anu------------~~----~omnmiir-lmiddotftiimiii~A~o~unn-----------~~~middot II bullbull 1 ihhi middotWiiiii 11 ~ uuu I II tI 1 1middot middot Wihiii -Whiii 1 wruuiiiiibullii nn 11I hbull bullmiddotn -bullbullbullnmiddotbullbullbullu bull totu cu ou l
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hi IIOIIU IUIII Ul lfl II bullUbull lUI H Utllll II It 11UIUI 111111 IU ltlt bullbulloltl ttU _l o bull001bull I I UIIOUOIII UOIIIfl UUIUII to UIIO aU I I UifgttOOII I 11110101 UOU I I O Tot O oUt aUshyUUh OIU toot o middot middot- IUOICI UOU I IIUII ltU I 11 I tUIII OUt ltUO 011 01- I fl I I
l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
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j middot- middot~~~bull l
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11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
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I ~
DRAFT WEILAND$ AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING IDU PROJECT Date 02127192
Pqe 7
acre quadrats shrub and small tree stma in 001 acre quadrau and ground layers in 10 square
foolt (SF) quadrats These quadrat sizes are cenetally accqgtled as coooaininc minimal samplinamp
areas for eocll strata witltin the eastern forat biome (Shimwell 1971 Mueller-Dombois llld
EllenberJ 1974 Griq-Smith 19amp4)
Twmty-two poinu diJiribuiOd llucltJahout the Study Ana chooen for deloiled IDil llld
aaion delcriptionl Sample poinu clloten u beinamp _talive of the nap of
conditions found on the site Additional (unlogetl) IDil llld aaion olgttervations wae
ptllaetl u ~ to cmure adeq- 1C of the Study Ana
Soil borinamps wae tmn with I throe inch diamcoer bantlmiddotbdd buclrot auaer Profile delcriptionl
wae made followinamp the~ -lishod in Soil Tuonomy Aaricullllnl- 436
(USDA 197gt llld the Soil SUM) Manual (USDA 111$1)
Slto hydrolocy - - by obaervinamp soil propeniea surface fcalura depdt to IDil
llltlrllion or depdt to Slllldioamp Wiler u sudt eharottoristilt _atollld available
14 Resulu llld Discussion
141 General Observatioos
Rued on the above survey methodolocy wetlands and waters oocurrinc in the vicinity of
Disposal Area were identified The wetlandwater-upland boundary was marked with
sequentially numbered flags Where appropriate painted wooden stakes and flags were used to
indicate the boundary Observations of the location and extent of wetlands associated with the
weU locations in the Study Area (i e not in the immediate vicinity of the Disposal Area) were
made but no boundaries werlt marked in the field
I I
~ I I
DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
I I
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
I r
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
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bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
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bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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1 1
1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
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middot~I fglbullbull
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
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(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
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a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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hililiimiddot l mtf iftl fitu fdllfHIHh[nnlfiHiamjllflflltl( j11 1fllhl i bullmbull il ebull-bullbull 11 Ulbull bull bullunu
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAFI WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT ReviJion 2
DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale 0227192 Pace 8
A liJt of all vucular plant species oboerved alonamp with the estimated abundance of eacll species
in both upland and wedand communities in the Study Area u contained in Appendix A I
Four wedand areas in the immltdiate vicinity of the Disposal Ala (Fiampun 3) wae idelllifiltd and
ddinelted TMgt of lheoe areas (Ala Land M) small wedand ooeps and patdles locaiOd
lldjoceDI ID DarlinJ Hill Rcod The lhinl 1Ja of ddinelted wedand (AlaN) U I small formiddot
- - looolod in 1 nvine nrar the JOUth- comer of the Ili-I Aiel jiiiiiOUib of
IIIOIIiiDriq U 1()5 The 1ut wlaquo1anc1 is woeialed wilh the tlooclplain of the w llnDcb of
the Pusumpsic Ri_ (Ala A)
I) A1oDa the- and - sides of the canadian Pacific Railmiddot rood ript-of-way lldjoceDt 10 ao old ca-llow Jlouamph of the Pusumpsic Ri_ nrar IIIOIIitoriJIamp wdl 1081shy
2) On both sides of the nilruod ript-of-way neor monitoriq U 107
3) On the tlooclplain of the Ellt Bnocll of the Pulumpoic shyincludiftamp adj-110 moniiOinc wdlJ 114 201 and 202
4) On the tlooclplain of the main stram of the Passumpsic Ri_ nrar monitorinamp wdl 117 and
3) In a cultivated field just 1011thwest of monitorinamp well 110
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
r-rrow
lolldltto40M
AdiiiiM bulllllofolhbull ACAC+lfllrlcltoldlnrod I
middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
AOJ~
bull 1ll~llbullt- nerrowiNftoldlnrod
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oldflotden
~
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hrlllll lUI Jbullt _ ef Llle Cll-rtil CNty -t -H middot
h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
~tndll1~lty
o bull ttllt- eldllr lnf~IJ or wttll Ibull ~tndlll~lty
Tbull-lbull tbullllillllllfldlviUI cl_or_HPIItdl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
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J
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
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hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
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11--bull I nnn numbullbullbullbullaI 11064 0 bull ll l -l -~~~~middot
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Ul IIIUU lU l U Ullll oUt UIP llllfiiO II 1111111 IIlii II 1111 1111 UU II UoiUC II l e tbullIIbullIUI HOIIII UUIIIUIUOIIUIOII-IIIIUIOIIIUtll t i iUIIIIIII IIIUIUII I UIIIOI tOI
U 111111 oU HUll U- tU 0-111 middot 11- II- IU Olol II- Ull llfl II I II Ill- I I IICIII Ill UIIIUI- 0111
u bullbull bullbullurou bullmiddotoo-bullbullbulluouo nnbullbullbull bullbullbullbullouut middot
n=r middotmiddot I I I I
hililiimiddot l mtf iftl fitu fdllfHIHh[nnlfiHiamjllflflltl( j11 1fllhl i bullmbull il ebull-bullbull 11 Ulbull bull bullunu
mol~llid~ltlllod nootllllll Hr
hiih(i~ middot ~~ 1 IIUII middothihh Whhi hi lUll IUUUia-hiiUII
_ iihh middotiibWWihii ~~ -~bull bullbullaabullwm iiiiii
IIIIIIImiddotOIIilhMot i bull II -bull oolllllllolllollllllllllo 1 iliiii middot iibAi ilfiA Wfhii
mmiddot- rr~mmiddot1
11----~~UARnilmu~-bull~bull~Anu------------~~----~omnmiir-lmiddotftiimiii~A~o~unn-----------~~~middot II bullbull 1 ihhi middotWiiiii 11 ~ uuu I II tI 1 1middot middot Wihiii -Whiii 1 wruuiiiiibullii nn 11I hbull bullmiddotn -bullbullbullnmiddotbullbullbullu bull totu cu ou l
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hi IIOIIU IUIII Ul lfl II bullUbull lUI H Utllll II It 11UIUI 111111 IU ltlt bullbulloltl ttU _l o bull001bull I I UIIOUOIII UOIIIfl UUIUII to UIIO aU I I UifgttOOII I 11110101 UOU I I O Tot O oUt aUshyUUh OIU toot o middot middot- IUOICI UOU I IIUII ltU I 11 I tUIII OUt ltUO 011 01- I fl I I
l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
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I I I f I I f l
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11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I I
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENr Revision 2 DARUNG HIU PROJECT Dale 00127192
Jgtace 9
r 142 Area Charac1eristics
i 142 1 Soils
A modem ooii survey for the county is cumntly being compiled Interim mapping for only a
ponion of the site io available Bued upon this proliminary infomwioa the SCS bas idenlified
four ooii oeriea (Adanu loamy and Colton andy loom CtOJhtn loomy and and Duabury andy loom) and one mixdlaneousland type (Made Land) immediatdy adjaoentiO the ~
Ara The IDterim Soil Survey mapped - of the fioodplaiD of the East llnncb of the
Pusumpsic Riwt and the adjoiniDamp low slopes aboYe the fioodplaiD as Sunday loomy aands
Arou 10 the wat nonhwat and agtulllwat of Dulinamp Hill Road ue 1101 yet mapped
The Adanu Colton Cqban and Duaberry - deep 10 wry deep moderlldy well 10
OICOllively - andy ooils of Jlaciolluvial on Dacripcions of the oeriea (SOH Soil IDllrpnCation S-) ue incl- in Appendix B -of- oeriea ue lilted hydric IOila
nor ue any of- oeriea a- 10 oootain inclusions of hydric ooils (SCS 1988)
MiJcdJanoous land types ue used to map ueas willllittle or no llllllrll soil or where it is 1101
feasible to map exigttiJ11 ooils This unit (Made Land) is compoood of layen of truh debriJ
and soil with no uniform charac1eristics
The Sunday series consists of vrry deep excessively - alluvial deposits lllat ue found
J along the floodplains of major llJtlJIIS (Appendix B) The series I) is found in low lyina amu
2) often lies on floodplains adjacent to major streams and 3) is of alluvial oriampin However
it is not considered a hydric soil nor does it contain hydric inclusions (SCS 1988)
Earlier editions (1986) of the Interim Soil Survey mapped portions of the floodplain of the
Passumpsic River in the vicinity of the confluence of the East and West branch as
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
I I I I
shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
I r
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
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r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
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I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAfT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IIIU PROJECT Dale rnmm
PIJe 10
by the Fryeburamp series This series is not a rated hydric soil but may contain inclusions of
hydric ooils wilhin lhe ml(lping units (SCS 1988) The amollllpPOd as Fryeburg ooil includes
lhe lower portion of lhe west bank of lhe West Branch of lhe Passumpsic River lhe 1011th bank
of the Ease Branch of the Passumpsic River adjacent to the Municipal Wdl Field aod the eut
bank of lhe moin 1110am of lhe Passumpsic River ldjocent to lhe cndian Pacific Railrood filhtshy
of-way
1422 Vqetation
Community typeS identified wilhin lhe Study Ala included oorlhem 1lanlwoodHgtolll fir
forat oen1 woodllnds 1110am-side woodlot and thiclltet ((lolllllrine) poiiiilrine otised forat
- (-y) and early - (old fldds) maintained 0lt cultiVIled fiddsand polllllrine
-aent communities Brief deocriplions of hex various communities follow
NORTHBIIN HARDWOODS-BAUAM FIR FOREST Conopy clomiunts in this community
included quUina - ltliiDIbampIIIIIIIllla FACU) biamp- - ltliiDIbampIIIIJIIIidllllll FACU-) bolJim fir (Aalllllamla FAC) blaclc clleny ltlDIJullllllllilll FACU) and ydiow
binll ltJaiiia illlcllllialli FAC) Other lal tlbundant species oblorved wao llriped maple
ltAr1[ (ICIQYlvanjgbullm FACU) supr DIIPle (Ag[ ~ FACU) balsam poplar ltliiDYbll bllamim FACW) and American dm ltJllmliiiiiiiiCiilaaa FACW-) Eastern hemlock CIIIIp
lOIOidmlia FACU) wao commonly encountaed along lhe lower slopes of lhe ridampes obove lhe
West Branch of the Passumpsic River Shrub undencories were modcrale to spane consistinamp
larJdy of tree soplings and scatt=d thiclltets of beaked haulnut ltCilo1lU lXII1II1i EM)
Herb layers were generally sparse layers graminoids and ferns [eg Christmas fern ~
lW1iwn ~ NL-UPL) cruted fern ~ m1ampla FACW+) and evergreen
woodfem ~ inlcimcdia FACU)]
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
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I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
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~~~
~
~~333~
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bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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~~~~333~
lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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3a 1111
1 1
1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
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middot~I fglbullbull
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~~-1l ~middotmiddot ~ I
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15
h ~~ ~~
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
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bullbull
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IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
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(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
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I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
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a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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- barcode 561700
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Date [fll271l
Paampe II
SERAL WOODLANDS These stands oonsistltd of amos of early successional forest dominaltld
by black cbeny qualrinamp aspen biamp-toothed aspen and balsam poplar uoually with an undentory
of small tnes stqhorn sumac (lllw IYlllliDa NL-UPL) blackberries ltlllllnll spp) and beabd
bazdnut Ground ooven consistltd of denoe layen of gnsoes and fortgts from the Sl1lJUlllldinamp opat amos Common lgterblaous opecies includltd -II brome OlmJJnll inctmil NL-UPL)
meodow feocue ltfriDD llllallil FACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (111 llllallil FACU) Clnada
bhqrus (111 - FACU) wrinkled ampolderuod (Sgljdug 11111111 FAC) agtmm01t
llliJkwood CAIIIqiasUJilla NL-UPL) baymiddotooentod fem alamlallallil~ NL-UPL)
and _ (AIJr[ spp)
STREAMSIDE WOODLAND AND TIUCKET These woodlands wen compoood of a thin
canopy of rod llllqlle (Aim illlmllll FAC) Amltricon dm boa elder (Aim 111amp11111111 FAC+)
boiMm poplar black IIIII alllimllllilll FACW) quaJrinamp aspen and black cbeny with an
undentory of rod osier laquolmmiiiiiiiiiiiifrD FACW+ ) beaitod bazdllut willows ~ spp)
and blacklleny Oround layen wen variable but oftat includltd cinnamon fan Wlmlmda GiDIIIIDgga FACW) lelllitive fern and ledampes Vines such u poiJoa ivy ([mimdcnctmp
llllilllal FAC) llllllaropea (Yilil spp) which wen not abundant in moot of the upland forests
_ hiamphY abundant in lheJe polUJtrine Slanda aiona the Passumpsic Ri-
PALUSTRINE FOREST These forested amos wen qdy oaupiod by plwes of the nonhem
banlwoocls community but~~~Cm hydrophytic canopy species such u American dm rod maple
and balsam poplar abundant Alana the northern oections of the railroad right-of-way the
polustrine forests contained approciable numbers of black spruce ~ llliliiDI FACW-)
Undentories in these forested wetlands were usually dense layers of beaked hazelnut and red
osier Ground layers were sparse as in the upland nonhem hardwoods community
_
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shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I I I I
shyDRAFT WEIUNilS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Dale 0012712
Paampe 12
- RUDERAL AND EARLY SUCCESSIONAL COMMUNITIES These communities wen domishy
nated by herbaceous species with annuals and short-lived perennials dominant in the ruderal
communities and long-lived perennials dominant in the old field communities Woody species
were common throughout the old fields but the woody component consisted of scattered
individuals rather than a continuous strata Common herbaceous species included smooth brome
OlmmlJiioamiINL-UPL) mltadow fescue ltEaiJHampJIIIJalilFACU-) Kentucky bhqrus (lla
IIIIIIIJiil FACU) Canada bhqrus (lla ~ FACU) wrinlded Boldenrocl ~
llllll8 FAC) common milkweed ltAEIIIill UiiKamp NL-UPL) hay-IICalled fern 1Pmnqjyendtja
~NL-UPL)IIIduron AIJI[IJIII)
MAINTAINED COMMUNITIES AND CULTIVATED FIElDS These communities include
- ) pu111rqe IJid lllld in row crops Putura are dominaiCd by pllnled -llld folln includina
tall facue ltampalia lllllldiallla FACU) mltadow facue Kentucky bhqrus orthard 8fUS
ltDifaxJil amplaiDalampa FACU) lweel vernal ampJUS (Andwganfbum mkDbampm FACU) smooth
brome IJid-ltIIiflllillllliJIIIIII FACU-IIId I~~~~a~amp FACU-) Cultivated fieldsshy10 have - pllnled in eilber com or 1111111 pains
PALUSTRINE EMERGENT WETLANDS Open hettlacltous dominaled wellands wen of two
ampenetal types The lint wu compositionally similar to tile oeral communities (old fielcb IJid
rudenl lllnds) which surroundod tllem bul includod additional hydrophytic species such u
sensitive fern~ Klllilli1il FACW) meadowsweel ~ llliflllii FAC+) IJid sodaes
(Cml spp) The second ampeneral community type includes the grass dominated communities
of the floodplains Where the floodplains have been planted as pasture the communities were
identified by the increase in the abundance of sedges and rushes with the concomitant decrease
in the more xerophytic grasses In undisturbed areas eg along the West Branch of the
Passumpsic River these communities were dominated by fringed brome CBnuDuJ poundiJiampnamp1 tJ FACW) dwarf scouring rush (IQlliBIJJm ~ FAC) and sedges
bull
I r
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
I I
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
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FIGURES
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--- bull - shy
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I r
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECT Dare
Jaampe
143 Study Ana (Delineated) Wetlands (Figure 3)
1431 Ana A
A General Descriplioo
Wetland A (- 60000 SF) is located along the east bank of the West Branch of the Passumpsic River down slope of the Disposal Amo The ~ portioo of the wetland lies below the 725 foot (NGVD) coniDWline on the floodploin of the river The wetland CCI1IiJis of pliUJiriDe forat (PFOI04) on the 10e of the slope and of pliUJiriDe ClllaiCIIt (PEM) and pllllllrine ocrub-Jluub (PSSI) towan1s the river
B Soils
Upland ooiJ 111111ples (116 and 117) Ibn in the nvine to the - of Wetland A (Figure 3) show thin (2-4 inch) very dark brown (IOYR 212) A IMJrizons A IMJrizons 4-8 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) lllldy loom to loamy lllld B lMJrizons are 12-18 incha of unmotlled yellowiJh-brown (IOYR 518) fiDe lllldy loom and loamy fiDe lllld Neither showed ltllldinamp or rones of llUrltion
In contrast wetland ooiJ 111111ples (118 119 and 120) consiJted of thick (31-33 inch) layen of dark roddilh-arey (25YR 412) to very dark arey (IOYR 312) sands loamy llllds and silts Soil cluomas were hiampher (lOYR 413) in sample 18 but texture in this sample was significandy coarser than in the other two wetland samples The coarse texture of these alluvial deposits may contain insuffishycient organic material to develop low chroma soil matrices Mottlinamp wu generally absent in the upper horizons (with the exception of sample 119)
c Vegetation
Forested portions of the wetland were compositionally similar to the adjoining upland northern hanlwoods-balsam fir forest (cf 118 and 119 with 116 and 17) Canopy dominants included
2 02127192 13
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
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Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
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1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
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r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
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ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
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ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
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Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
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Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
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Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
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J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
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Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
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I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
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Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
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-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
IJI
I ~ I
~ I I middot
~~I r ~ 1bull~ Ifri l~tlI fbull(l
Ir
b
J J so TAJIUS
J -
J
IJ ~
bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
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bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
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FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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middot~I fglbullbull
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~~-1l ~middotmiddot ~ I
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15
h ~~ ~~
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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~ ~~
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
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nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
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(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
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(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
_l
J J I
J
I I
I
l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
6118 C ilJ3
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- middot-middot j I bullbull bullbullc bulluuooouo uno middot
hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
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ent
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IVE RECORD
f~l
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
l
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HIU PROJECI Dale
Pqe
baiSIIII fir yellow binh and American elm with a moderalely spane small tree understory The ampround rover of the wetland fmat however contained a number of hydrophytic species (frinamped brome ICOUring rush and Jeclges) that are lacking in the upland forest samples
The herbaceous and scrub-shrub wetlands adjacent to the river wetlands (120) were dominated by fringed brome in the ground layer and by a mixtun of hydrophytic shrubs (eg willows and red osier) and younc uoes
D Hydroloampy
Dinct evidence of wetland hydroloampy was not observed in the wetland samples Only one (120) of the lhne wetland samples had aturated soil at the time of the amptinamp but olllhne samples had indimt evidence of wetland hydroloampy (flooding or ponding) Neilhet of the two upland samples showed any evidence of wetland hydroloampy
- 1432 Arel L
A Genen1 Deacriptioo
Wetland L illocated a1oni the norlhem side of Dartinamp Hill Rood aome 400 feet west of the entrance 10 the Di~ Ana (- 5000 SF) This wetland lies on a small man-made tmace that probably is the rault of roadway construction The wetland appears 10 be the result of a combination of groundwalet ~e along an slowly permeable ooillayer runoff from the roadway and now from a drainage culvert
B Soils Upland soils sampled adjacent or downslope (in a small swale samples I middot 7) of the wetland had A horizons of 6 to 10 inches of black (IOYR 2 1) to dark brown (IOYR 33) fine loamy sand 10 fine sandy loam that was underlain by 10 to 18 inches of dark yellowish-brown (IOYR 34) 10 light olive-brown (2 5Y 56) fine
2 00121112 14
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
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200 0 200 00
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
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middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I I
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Date f12127112
Jgtaampe IS
Sllldy loom Tluee of the upland samplegt (3 4 ond 9) had mixed surface layers indicatinamp tome previous 10il disturbance (ee sample 9) Additionally hiamph ehroma moalinamp was observed in the B horizons of four of the samples (1-4) indicating some drainage restriction in this area However this mottlinamp was not accompanied by the low malril chromas indicative of hydric toils
The sincJe Weiland ample (18) was similar 10 the upland samples in having a low chroma dark A horimn but wu underlain by 1
aroy (SYR S1) beavily moctled uppa- B borizon indicasing that Wllltt wu beina l$inod dole 10 the IIUiface for 1 sipifieant ponioll of the powinamp IOUOO SubJOils in this sample cluomaliltally similar 10 the adjacent upland samples but the subloil had I finer lOll~ This increue in fines may ICIIO hold Wllet r hiamph in the profile for 1 sipificant portion of the powinamp lltUOII J
C Vegdllion
- upland ond Weiland alonamp Dulinamp Hill Rood occupied by 1combinaliooofruderal ouaasional (old fidd) ond - woodlol communities Wetland il cllariCierized byllhincaaapyof_ondiiIOdcnletolplnOsbnlblayorof
blacllt rupbeny -middotond beabd buolnut However the JIOUIId layer in the - diffen from that of the adjoininamp uplanda Upland JIOUIId layen are dominated by - bronte wrinkkd aolderuod Clnada Jolderuod - feocue ond hayshyocented fern This Wltlland contains few forbs I lower penagtlaJe of amprUJeS and Jiampnificant amounts of lelllitive fern
J D HydroJocy
No dinct evidence of Weiland hydrology was observed in any ofJ the samples Indirect evidence of Weiland hydrology (areas of ponding and seepage points) were observed
II
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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200 0 200 00
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAFT WIITLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG lUll PROJECT Dole 00127192
Jlampe 16
1433 Area M
A General Deocriplion l Area M isa small (-400 SF) isolaled IOCiled odjaccnt to the main access rood of the Disposal Area Hydrolocic input to the wetland appears 10 be throuamph a combination of runoff and a petCbod water table
B
Upland amplel (Ill 12 llld four unlogod 11111plel) waimilar to - )Riowly deocribod for the surroundinamp Area L with the acqgtCion tbat oil ooil amp1el - Area M had an indurated
- laylaquo of dork brown (IOYR ol3) very pavdly and llld loomy and II I c1cplh Of 14 to 27 incllel below the JUdace The liDcJe IIIIIJIIe (110) tabl1 in the centor of the had 1 dork upper- ) -but the ooil wu frozen below 1 c1cplh of 6-8 incllel
- c v-on
v-on in the surroundinamp uplands CXgtIIIiJu of om woodland
the - llld abandoned lie1d to the IOUib llld - middot Vepwionin thePconsilllofadeNetbicllaof- oeuiti fan llld blackiJeny wllich IWIOUIIds 1 small American dm
D Hydroloay
Slluratod zones were oblefod in samples II llld 12 at 38-41 inches below the surface where tbe zone of saturation coincided
1 with the indurllod horizoo Sample 10 (wetland) was frozen bdow a c1cplh of 6-8 inche3 due to the preoence of penhod wator Similar results were observed in other unlogged samples taken
J within the seepage area
I I
~ I I
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
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n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
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-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
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PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revisioo 2 DARUNG HILL PROJECT Date 00127172
Page 17
1434 Area N
A General Deocripion
The last delinealed wetland ( - 8000-IOOOOSF) is an isolated area of palustrine forost located at the distal end of a ravine (southwest of monitorinamp well 105) Wetland N is a small flat area that roceives runoff and _e from the steep slopes above Since the wetland is located oo the slope aome 15-20 feel above the floodplain of the West IInneii of the Pwumpoic it would be
-- to be effectively iJolated
B Soils
The wetland soil ample (114) had bull profile similar to the upland ample (113) but the wetland 111111ple commoniy had fine root tllOIshy
tleo in the B ltoriml (cf amples 13 and 14) Both 111111ples had dart- ltorimla wbiclt wero underlain by thin leoched horishymiddot B ltorimla in bodl profilelwero brown (IOYII513) to olive brown (25Y 414)
c Veplllion
Both the wetland and the adjcalt uploods occupiltd by plluea of northem hardwoodamp forat community Both communitioo llltaral bolsam fir u a canopy dominant Within the wetland however canopy dominants included bydrophytic species such as red maple and box elder rather than the supr maple aspen and biamp-toolhed aspen foond in the upland amu Shrub
J J layers in the wetland aenenlly deme than in the
adjoininamp uplands and compolitiooslly differed in the distributioo of large amounu of the bydrophytic red osier
D Hydroloay The wetland sample had saturated soils at a depth of fifteen inches Additionally portions of the wetland had saturated surface layers or stand inamp water present at the time of tbe survey Other indirect evidence of wetland hydrology within Arlta N included surface rooting and bole swellinamp observed in red maples and box elders
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
IJI
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Ir
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J J so TAJIUS
J -
J
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
I ~
bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
~
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eeete
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
~ ~
~~~
~
~~333~
~ ~
~ ~
bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
~ ~~3~~
~~~~333~
lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
~ ~
tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
~J
3a 1111
1 1
1
I I
bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
-_)
-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
I
l
SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
_- - __ - L
middot~I fglbullbull
~~1 ~-e~ bull o ll i~ilco~
~~-1l ~middotmiddot ~ I
l l
15
h ~~ ~~
ill r~
22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
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lolldltto40M
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middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
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lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
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(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
6118 C ilJ3
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- middot-middot j I bullbull bullbullc bulluuooouo uno middot
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J middot - n nflllaiiiiiP bull_ limiddot~middot~Tmiddotmiddot
11--bull I nnn numbullbullbullbullaI 11064 0 bull ll l -l -~~~~middot
-i-middot 1 - rmiddotmiddot ~~ ~ ~ ~ i ~
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I middotbullmiddot~ bull2UIU I rut UU Oilbull I OIIU I I Ill I ouooo II IIW bullIll
uo 1
middot~~middot-middot--middot middot 0101 1001 lUI IUICII 010 IU-110 aot 1 1 11
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NOnCEifthtti-1==-lo looo cloar than thlo notlco It lo duo to tho
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ent
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG HILL PROJECT Dale [122112
Paampe 18
143S Other (Non-delineatltd) Wetlands
Four areas of wetlands were observed on areas proposed for the installation of monitoring wells
or ocher sttuCIWOS (outside of the Study Area) Three of these four amos an within the flood shy
plain of the Passumpsic River and its branches The last area is a small depression located in
a cultivated field near monitoring well 110 Brief descriptions of these areas follow
A Wetlands Nonh of the West llnnch of the Passumpsic
Upland aras alonamp the railroad fiampbt-of-way a mixture of oml Sllnds and disturbance communities lionamp the soothem tions of the line (near wd1 108) but consilled of pure northem hardwoods to nearly monotypic stands of balsam fir in the northern ooction (near wd1 107) Wetland uas lldjacent to the railroad includeshnlb thickeu emeraent ~clominatod) wetlands and palllllrine forest No IOil 11mples Ioged in this 1101
B Wetlanda Alonamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic
UplandJ in the floodplain lionamp the Eut Bnnch of the Passumpsic laquolftsiJJod larJely of fallow cultivlled fidds or mainlained puturaampe Wetland areas contilted of either wet meadow with a opocies composition similar to that of the publra or consilled of low wet woodlands
Two IOil and vecetation samples (123 and 24) show the IOils to
consist of ckltp horizons of dark grey (2SY 31) to very dark ampreyish-brown (2SY 32) fine sandy loom that is prominendy mottled with strong brown (7SYR 44) root channels Neither sample had direct evidence of wetland hydroloay but boch anasJ sampled were subject co flooding and ponding
C Wetlands South of the Confluence
Areas of palustrine scrub and stream-side woodlands occur aJong the banks of the main branch of the Passumpsic in the area adjashycent to proposed well 117 A single sample taken in the wetland area (125) shows the soils to be the uniform layers of very dark
I I
~ I Imiddot
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Dale (]2J2792
Paampe 19
ampyish-brown (IOYR 212) but unmonled gravelly fine sands and silts typical of alluvium The sample was saturated 10 the surface at the time of sample and additionally showed evidence of frltquall flooding and ponding Vegetation in the area is typical of lllat prltviously deocribed for stream-side woodlands
D holaod Wellands
An ioolaod deprltssional wesland located in a cultivated field ooulllweat of monitoring well 110 was oboerved durinamp the field survey Since the would not impoct aocess to the well no IIIDplina wu conducted However two 111Dples (121 and 22) were taken to document the uplands in the vicinity of monitorinamp wells II0 and II I
U Nllional Weiland Inventory (NWI) Mappina
Tbe NWI mappina (FiampIIIO 2) identifies palustrine sluulgt-oaub (PSSIC) palustrine emeraent
(PEM) and palustrine fomted (PFOIY and PF04) weslands alonl the West Bruch of die
luaumplic River Tbe NWJ funher identifies die main chonnd of die Passumpsic and ill
- u riverine- (RJOWFH)
Tbe field survey qna willl die mapping of die NWJ but the field survey abo oboerved
emergent sluulgt-ocrub and fomted weslands in die valley of die East Bnndl of the Passumpsic
River Additional small areas (-400 to SOOO SF) of emergent and shrub-scrub wesland were
delineated aloog Darlina Hill Rosd These areas probably have ruulted from local impounding
of water close to die rosd and would be too small to be identified by the NWJ The foruted
wetlands delineated in the swale to the southwest of the dump and the forested wetlands along
I I the east side of the West Branch of the Passumpsic would fall within the wetlands as mapped
bull by llle NWI
II
DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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- barcode 561700
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DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DA RUNG HIIl PROJECT Dale f1212792
Paampe 20
16 Conclusions
The field Jtudy identified and delineated foor wetland areas on the main por1ion of the sioe ~
designated as Areas A L M and N Arlta A is an approximalely IS acn band of palustrine I forested (PFOl04) palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) and palustrine emergent (PEM) wetlands that
an lldjacent to the West Branch of the Passumpsic River Areas L and M an small (400 to
SOOO SF) Uolaled ~-ltlominated palustrine emerJent wetlands (PEM) localed on
_ areas to the nordl of Dar1inJ Hill Rolld Ilolh theoe areas fuDction most probably u
IOUOIIIl wlaquoltandJ with -wd hydroloampy beiDa prooent only in the bqinDinamp of the IJOWinamp __ The lui delineated wetland Arlta N is 1 small (8000-10000 SF) Uolaled polell of
palustrine forest situated 011 I kame temce aboYe the floodplain of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic Rivet Uke the ooepaae areas (Land M) this ana may ftmcti011as a wellaod only
- ) aeutlllllly
The raults of the field Jtudy with the idaltificalion of wetlands 011 the flooclpWn of the
Wat Branch of the Passumpsic River by the Nltional WelllndJ ~- The IIIIIIIer anu
(L M and N) wae 1101 Identified by the NWI probably due to the small lize of the aras
Additional wetlands al0111 the floodplain of the Passumpsic Rivet and its branches
identified and charactetiud but 1101 fonnally delineated These mas include palustrine
J
J forest (PFOl4) and acrub-shrub (PSSl) a10111 the north bank of the West Branch of the
Passumpsic RiVltr palustrine emercent (PEM) anc palustrine scrub-shrub (PSSl) oo the
floodplain of both the East llrgtnch and the main stem of the Passumpsic River and 1 sinale
small isolated depression in a cultivated field nw monitoring well 110 I I
bull None of the wetlands ob~rved along the main stem or the East Branch of the Pusumpsic River
were identified by the NWI the areas alons the West Branch of the Passumpsic River were
identified in the NWI mapping
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
IJI
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
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bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
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bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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3a 1111
1 1
1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
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middot~I fglbullbull
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15
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING lULL PROJECT Dale f12121ll
Paampe 21
20 Ecological Auessrnent
The Plwe lA Remedial Investigation (ESE 1991) provided an in-depth evaluation of the Study
ArQ Ugtpograplly geology and hydrogeology The nature and extent of the variow
Contaminants of Concern (COC) in Oil croondwater surface water and sedimlt~~t abo
-led in dellil As described in the Remedial Investiption Work Plan (ESE 19901) the
pwpooe of the first tier of the Eltolocical Auessmlt11t is to eva- the lli1Ure and extent of COC
idaltified in the various media (Oil surface water sediment runoft) durinamp the Remedial
lnveaiptioo (RI) A more deuiled wessment (-d tier) was to be performed ooly il any
of the COC found at a frequency and concentntion that indicale the ~ Arlta is a
IOUlCe of concernbull
This llltiiiMnt concludes bued on available dala and a site reconnaissance that there is no
apparent ldvene impiCl to the wetlands Jberefore a leCOOd tia uaeument wu DOC
performed - limited dala for melals in surface- runoff hom the~
Arlta 111Qes1 a potential for ecoloampical concem and consiclenlion lbould be Jiven to periodic
monitorinamp to address unltertaintiellhat ha been idaltified within this ltudy
21 Potential Reoepton
J J A description of the Study ArQ is _led in Section 2 of the preoeding Wellands Delineation
A brief sile reconnaissance performed during the fall of 1989 identified that Arlta A (see Section
40 Wetlands Delineation) the Passumpsic River and any animals that may use these wetlands
for forage or cover are the on y obvious environmental recepton downslope of the Dispraquoal I I Area Evidence of rabbit (scat) and deer or moose (disturbed hollow in grass) were observed
Caddisfly mayfly and slOtlefly larvae genera1Jy good indicators of clean water conditions
(USEPA 1989lt1) were observed upm examination of available subsUate within the Passumpsic
River (rubhle snags leaf packs)
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
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n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
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FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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1 l I J
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-----
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ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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lycopodleceM
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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i J
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I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
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IVE RECORD
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
i i~ DRAFT WEILANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
DARUNG HIU PROJECT Date oomm I Page 22
Genenlly speakinamp the area below the Disposal Area at the time of the reconnaissance was --I~ undisturbed with regard to human activity Visual inspection of tbe northern portion of Area I A did identify one isolated area of erosion (unstable soil near exposed tree roots) As this area
I_ is located at the bottom of a fairly steep swale this impact is most probably the result of surface
water runoff durinamp rain events
lmpocU due to the - of cbemical conotituatts that may have miplod from the Di-1 r Ala could not be obterved upon viJUII ewninltion Sfaininamp of aoils as a result of 1eoc11ate
(e oxides of imn1111ftamp11100) commonly- below municipol laodfiJJs or other disposal
areas wu not evident
- ) 22 Nalurollld Eltalt of CootamiJwus of Concern
S101ioos oeloclal for amplinamp surface Wiler (401 lfuouamph 404 407) oodiment (401 lfuouamph 404
407) and aoillsurface Wiler ruJgtOff (405 IIIII 406) -ted in Fipo middot No poaliddol
[ polydllorinallod bipbeoyl compouoda (PCB) bueneutnllacid exllldlble compouoda (BNA)
or volatile orpnic compoundJ (VOC) were clelecled at levels excoodinamp the Coolrlet Requimt
Deloclion Limits (CRDL) in aoiJs or oodimeot No pesticides PCB or VOC were defected
above the CRDL in Wiler BNAs were found infnqueody and at very low concentratioos (PAH
and phthalate esters were found in the low part per billion ranee ND bull 7 ~cfL) in one surfoce
water runoff sample (lt406-1) Consequently no advene impact to environmentaJ recepiOIS is
anticipated from the aforementioned COC and no tables are pmented here for the purpose of
data summary The reader is directed to the RI (ESE 1991) for tables presenting available data
bull (eg estimated values) Metals were detected in soils sediments and water samples and are
discussed further below
J_
I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
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bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
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bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
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----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
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bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
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lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
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tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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3a 1111
1 1
1
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
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middot~I fglbullbull
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h ~~ ~~
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
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~ ~~
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
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bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
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(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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hililiimiddot l mtf iftl fitu fdllfHIHh[nnlfiHiamjllflflltl( j11 1fllhl i bullmbull il ebull-bullbull 11 Ulbull bull bullunu
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hiih(i~ middot ~~ 1 IIUII middothihh Whhi hi lUll IUUUia-hiiUII
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I_ DRAFT WE11ANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 002792L Page 23
_ 221 Melals
2211 Surface Water
L Table 1 presents concentrations of metals in surface water samples taken from the West (6 ~~
samples) and East (I sample) Branches of the Passumpsic River calcium iroo and manganese ~~ melals that an typically pndominant in natural waters ~ the only melals olservcd above the ~doteclioo limit No trace melals ~ deloctod in 111y sample ~
~l I 2212 Sediment
Melal ooncattntions in oodiment 11111ples (takal at the 111110 time and location u deacribcd f IIbovlt) an paattcd in Tobie 2 Aluminum calcium chromium iroo lead Uum
_ nickel and zinc - oboeMid obove the doteclioo limit Cyonide was deloctod
once in the upmam (boclltpound) lll11ple Of theae only chromium lead nickel and zinc
an cunondy known to potentially afYect oodiment quality (Lonamp and Marpn 1990)c-- of theae melaiJ in the rapoctive oodimatt lllllples - well below leveiJ cited
u of potmtial concem to benthic fauna (op cit)
2213 SoiiSurfoce Water Runoff
Samplea of soil and surface water runoff (40S and ~) were takal immediately below the
Disposal Area Ficure 4) during a storm event Metal concentrations in these media a~~
presented in Table 3 Calcium ironlead mampampnesium manganese potaSsium sodium ard rinc
were deloctod in both of the surface water runoff samples Arsmic (63 ppb) and tymide (405
ppb) wen deloctod in sample 405 while sample 406 had cadmium (113 ppb) and barium (216
ppb)
Samples of soil were abo taken at locations 405 and 406 Aluminum calcium chromium iron
lead manganese vanadium and 1inc were detectcd in both of the soil samples
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
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-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Date
Page
were found within the ranee of soil concentrations typically found in the Northeutem United
SoaleS (Shacldeue and Boemgen 1984) Arsenic (27 ppm estimated) barium 1040 ppm
bull estimated) cadmium (38 ppm estimated) and magnesium (1600 ppm) w= alJO detected in
sample 406
23 Sipificanoe of Nature and Exlellt
Concentrllioru of -ral -Is (includinamp lead cadmium and cyanide) in llllface water runoff
from locations ltlOS and 406 are amprQter llw1 u- measured in the Pusumpsic River However
mUJl be 1a1lta1 in the inler)JieWioo of o- nsults for the followini reasons
I) o- data 110111 ooly one sampling period
2) with the OlcepCion of cyanide oome of the data points were ushyliampnod Vllidation codes of bullr as they did DOt meet QAJQC criteria for calibration or ll1llrix spiko recovery and
3) ll1llrix mcoa1J (cakium borium zinc) were al10 elevated enrershylaininamp the pouibility that bocauJe the sample wu DOl filtaod the 1evds of triCe -Is in surface water runoff may be a nsult of fioe suspended porticulale matlltr eg silt or clay
One miampht expect increased concentrllioos in runoff samples 1a1lta1 lmnotdUJiely downsuam
from the Disposal Area However -Is typically partition through pncipioatioo andor
complexation reactions into sediment downstream of a putative source (Horowitz 1991 Baudo
et al 1990 Boudou and Ribeyn 1989) Cooscquently one would al10 expect to oboerve
these constituents in the Passumpsic River sediments sampled downstream of the Disposal Area
As elevated concentrations were not observed it appears that the total mass flux of COC is not
glQt enough to pose a threat to the wetland environment This is most likely a reflection of the
disparity between the very large dischiJle of the Passumpsic River versus the very small dismiddot
charge seen during intermittent rainfall events
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
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middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
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DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARUNG IDll PROJECT Dale OOJ27192
Jgtaampe 25
A preliminary estimate of the impact on the Passumpsic Rjver for ltVeral constituents was
developed by calculalinamp lhe mass flux of those contaminants from lhe sioe and oomparinamp lhe
resullinJ insueam oonltenttation with Ambient Water Quality Ctiteria (AWQC)(USEPA 1986
1988amp J988b) This calculation was perlonncd usinc lhe lllltlrimwrl detcltud values for- cadmium cyanide and lead of 113 ppb 403 ppb and 21 ppb rospectively The drainaampe ma
of lhe landfill llioe includinamp lhe immediately adjiiCellt nor1hem ravine was rneuurod 10 be
opproximllely 9 aaa A meon maximum aoon intmsity of 0324 incbcslhour wu assumed
for compuative purpooeo The Rational Medlod (ACPA 1980) wu UJOd 10 calculaoe runoff
adoptina a C value of 046 This calculation pnMclltd atimaJes of contaminant nux from lhe
site dulinJ a Rmrt evatt u follows cadmium 4330 uBf cyanide 13110 uBf
and leod 810 middot -
- m lhe Juoe and AUJUSII991 Puaumpsic RiYa -nflow meuwanent data- in Table 3-13 (ESE 1990a) for Stalion JIB lhe reoeivina -n flow rate for lhe shy
maximum Rmrt oooditim evaluated wu atimated to be 170 eft Applyina lhe calculaoed site
nux valuea and maltiJta lhe OOOJallive wumpcion that ooncentratims within the ri- _
nqliaible the followinamp in- contaminant levels wtt projected cadmium 091 uBfl
cyanide 033 uBfl and leod 017 uBfl Acuoe AWQC limitatims usuminamp a hardness of 100
mafl ue as follows cadmium 39 uBfl cyanide 22 uBfl and lead 82 uBfl A compariaon
of lhese values indicaoes that lhe AWQC would not be exceodltd
Soil sample 406 taken from the southwestern drainage swale al10 had concentrations of trace
metals (barium cadmium lead and zinc) above those seen in a single background sample (107)
Zinc and lead were slightly above the background concet~tration for soil sample 405
The implications of these data are that oraanic COC do not present a threat to the wetlands or
lnorampanic oompounds particularly barium cadmium lead ~~
bull
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
IJI
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~ I I middot
~~I r ~ 1bull~ Ifri l~tlI fbull(l
Ir
b
J J so TAJIUS
J -
J
IJ ~
bull ~
------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
~~~~~~ a~~ ~~~~~~33~3~3
I ~
bull
Ibullbull iiiiiiliiiilii
1iiiiiiiii
3~~~~3 3~~~~~~~~~~33~3~~
~
1 i
eie
eeete
eeiiii
1 iiiiiiiii
I 3~~~~3 3~~~ ~~~~~33~3~3
----
NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
~-r
__111~-i --~~_ ~ -~ ~~ ~ n
n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
_ -- -W01001001 lampfWWWBIII1W1 __ )
~ ~
~~~
~
~~333~
~ ~
~ ~
bull I iiS
Iiloo
li ~middotHiilililililiiioill
~ ~~3~~
~~~~333~
lill lilililiiiili l=lililililililili~= ~~3~ 3~~~
~~
33
c~
bull bull I
~ ~
tlbull lilililli~llililili ~IEililiillilil ~~~~~c33~~~~a~3~aJ3~3c~~
JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
~J
3a 1111
1 1
1
I I
bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
t J HIHIUt] JIJHJamp
FIGURES
-_)
-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
l 1
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
~I)~ ~~HJJ bull1-bulll
_- - __ - L
middot~I fglbullbull
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15
h ~~ ~~
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22
LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
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f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
r-rrow
lolldltto40M
AdiiiiM bulllllofolhbull ACAC+lfllrlcltoldlnrod I
middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
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( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
a~ UIIII1tld middot pr-1 obtllltl -tnd pllfttl l JlbullclbullUIIt_ fttywltll loc~lorwl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
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ent
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DARLING rilll OUIIP lDIIIN
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IVE RECORD
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l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
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bullbull-- middot 1aut T illl fliia jdltlfHdihjnfHIIunjllltftiUbull bullJ mlll i r iiii em+ IIJ Ul II Ill a M
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I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
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11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
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1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
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~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
r 1-
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT
Revision Date Poampe
2 rrll2712 26
appear to be elevated in both surface water runoff and soil within the draiJiaae swale odjacent
to the Disposal Area However visual impoctS to the Weiland (eg vqeltative stress soil
Jtaining) were not evident
The pote11tial hazard that theoe metals in JOil or surface water runoff would pooe to indiJltnous
wildlife oiJO appear to be neaJiampible Metals in soils within the llllampe typically found in soils
for the Nortbeut (S-and Boentampen 1984) and would DOt be expocled to accumulate to
levels in planb that may pooea threat to babivora Similarly coruumpcicn of water from the
Pusumpsic River by indiJenoua wildlife would appear to be - caeraeticolly feuible thaD
from the aeep slope below the Disposal Area However IJiven that this po1e11tial scenario could
occur ooe miaht concJude the exposure by this (lith way to be a small fraction of the -r daily
- intake expocled from other sounes
- A final COIIJidaation is the pote11tial advene dfect(s) that surface water nutoff may bave m
aqllllic roceptcn It is _t that the _trations of cadmiumleod andor cyanide alibi
Sllljoa _ l~Tadjaoatt to the Dipooal Area oood AWQC even for the most COiliOIIIM
criterioo (e1 banloeu pater thaD 200 JIIII) However for this -t-shywithin the Pusumpsic River wm predieted to be below theoe criteris for ambient wattn In
other wonls the difference between the diJclwJe of the Passumpsic venus the -r diJclwJe oontributed by surface water runoff near the Disposal Area is siampnificandy qe This
combined with the expected buffering capacity of the soils and vqeltation between the Disposal
Area and the Passumpsic limit a real andor significant impact 10 fish or macroinvertebrates
within the river
- II
bull
24 Uncertainty
Although all requirements of the Phase lA Work Plan were fulfiUed uncertainty with regard to
the concJusions mentioned above should be acknowlcdccd As with any environmenoo ~~
I I
~ I I
I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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bullJl
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------~---------------------~~------------~--~
-middotshy
lliJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
_c~~-eou
~-~
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n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
nl ON n n n n n n shy n n n n n shy I oomiddot~a n IOlll bull OOootl I oomiddotont n n _ ~ -
n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
_
n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n ~~ ~ n n n n ml ON m n i~ n
middotmiddot--middotmiddot-bull -----middotmiddot-shy --------------- shy ~
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33
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JiibullJiililililililililililili lililililililililililili
~~bulla~c 3~~~
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bullltlbull li~lililillilili= Uiililililii~
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FIGURES
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-n tv~1 11~ - tgtll~ tbull
II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
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SH next page for leeend0 milbullbull
middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
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teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
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ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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i J
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middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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- barcode 561700
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I
r DRAFT WEILNDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2
middot ~ DARLING HIU PROJECT Dale fYl2792 Page 27
I survey the c~q of uncenainty is Jaraely proportional 10 the hmitatioos of time and effort
In this case the small number of samples combined with the lack of conventionaJ water quality ~ ponmeter measurements (pH Eh specific oooductiYity DO hlnlness llblinity diJclwie)
do DOt lllow a clear inlelpiltUlioo of the naiUR of the disclwJe in questicn Additioollly
oeuona1 cbanJes (inctalod runoff durinamp tnOW melt aoocbemical cllanampes within the debrio
mus) may alter the natuJlt of the runoff Theae uncenainties are mitiplltd IOIIIeWbat by the
limitltd amount of diJclwJe (loodinamp) expectltd from the Di~ Aloa rdalivc to that of the
Pwumpoic Riwz
J Periodio monitorinamp durinamp -tative -n events lllldor mow melt will aiieviale dliJ
UIICOitainty It is -dy anticipoled (ESE 1992) that oamp1eo will be oblainod at or oear the
CDIIII- of the drlinap IIWa1a and the Pwumpoic Riwz eootional_ (DO8 specific oooduclivity Eh pH -pentuJe) will be - in - the recdvinamp -and
J the - - runoff wbiio cbemiJiry will be performed Oftly oamp1eo - - tbe-middot
J
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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NOTICE if~ni-1- cltor thon thlo DARLI NG MILL OUPnotice It lo dU to tho AI)H I~ ISTRATIVE RECORD
of the docubullent
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n n n n n nl ON n n n n n -_
n n n n n n ~~~ n --shy ~I ~ n n n shy n n
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n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
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FIGURES
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--- bull - shy
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
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l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
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(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
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_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
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ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING Hill PROJECT
Revision Date Pace
30 Ref=shy
APCA 1980 Concme Pipe Handbook American Concme Pipe Association
Vienna VA (1980) pp 29 - 30
----1
Bubour MG lurk JR ond PiiU WD 1980 Tenattial Plano
EcoOC) llenjaminCumminampl Menlo Park CA
Baudo R Giesy J ond MuniiU H (edl) 1990 SedimmiiOianillry
and Toxicity of In-Place PollullniS -il Publilhen Inc
CheiJea MI
Booclou A and Riboyre F 1989 In Aqllllic EcologticoloiY
Fuadamallll Coacepll ond Medlaclolasia (Volume I) CRC Praa
Boca llaloa FL
Bumlwa Douamp (1992) PenonaJ Commuaicatioa Vermont Deporlmeal
of Enviroamanal Protection
1 -J
J IJ
Cowardia LM carter V Golet FG ond LaRoe ET 1979
Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United
Slates US Fish ond Wildlife Savice Biolopcal Savias
Program FWSOBS-793 1 US Government Printina Office
Washington DC
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
r DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DARLING HILL PROJECT Date 00127192
Paampe 29
Environmental Laboratory 1987 CorpofEngineen Wetland Delineation
Manual Teclmical Report Y-87-1 US Army Engineering IWaterway Experiment Station Vicksburg MS
ESE (19901) RIIFS Work Plan Volume I Darlinamp Hill ProjltCt
Lyndonville Vermont ProjltCI No 89-4049 May 24 1990
ESE (199lt1gt) Huud Identification DarliDg Hill ProjOCI Lyndonville
Vermont Projeot No 490S040 December 20 1990
-- ESE (1991) Draft Rcmedil1 Investiplioo Report Dar1inamp Hill Projeot
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 ~ 22 1991
ESE (1992) Reviled Fouibility Study DarliDamp Hill Project
Lyndonville Vermont Projeot No 490S040 Manll 26 1992
fltdrn1 Inoenamcy Committee for Wetland Delineation (FICWDJ 1989
Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurildictional
Wetlands US Army Colps of Engineen (USACOE) US
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) US Fish and
Wildlife Service (USFWS) and US Deportment of Agricultu~
Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Washington DC
Long ER and Morgan lG 1990 The potential for biological
effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants leSted in the national
status and trends program NOAA Technical Memorandum NOSmiddot OMA S2 Seattle WA
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
I J
J
bullJl
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n middotmiddot-middot nl --n middotmiddotn n n -- n middotmiddot-- n n n n n ~I ~ n n n n n on __ I oo~c -
n IOOICW -_ middotmiddot ---- middotmiddot-
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FIGURES
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WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
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nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
-----
DRAFT WETLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARUNG IDll PROJECT Date
Paampe
Mueller-Dombois D and EllenberJ H 1974 Aims and Methods of
Vegeoaticn Ecology John Wiley NY
ORNL 1986 User s Manual for Ecolocical RiJk Assessment Oak
Ridampbull National Laborgtlory Environmental Sciences Diviticn Oak
JUdampe T_ Publication No 2679
Reed PB 1986o 1986 Wdland Pilnt List Nonbast Rqioo US
FiJI Uld Wtltllife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 19861gt Wdland Pilnts of the Stile of Vermont US FiJI
and Wildlife Serviee St lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1918a Natiottal List of Pilnt Spociel that Occur in
Wdlands 1988 Vennont US FiJI and Wildlife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
Reed PB 1988b Natiottal List of Pilnts that Ocxur in Wdlands Re-
lion 1 Northeut (1988) Fish and Wtlcllife Serviee St
lota1burJ FL
J SCS 1986 Hydric Soils of the St2te of Vermont Auaust 1986 Northshy
oast National Technical Center Chester PA -
J
SCS 1987 Hydric Soils of the United States US Government Printing
Office Washingtoo DC IJ II
DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
I I
_ I Imiddot
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
Wtloy and Sons New York NY1 J
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Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
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- barcode 561700
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DRAFT WETIANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING HILL PROJECT Daoe
Jaampe
SCS 1988 County buod list of hydric soils for Cllodonia and Essex
Counti Vermont Xeroaraphic Copy Soil ConletVation
Semce St Johnsbury VT
Shackklte HT and Boemampen IC 1984 Chemical Analyoes of Soils
and Oilier Surficial Materials of the c-minous Uniled States
Open-File RqJort 81-197 US GS US Government Printinamp Office WISIinpa DC
ShlmU DH 1971 The Deocription and Clwification of Vq-
Uniwnity of Wuhinampfoo Pross Seattle WA
Sipple WS1988 Wdlandldentificationllld~Minual Volshy
umea I and D US Environmental Pr-ioo Apllcy WullinJshy
tonDC
Soli Surey Slalf 1988 Keys 10 Soil Tuonomy (fourth printinamp) SMSS
Technical Monoellph Number 6 Comdl Uniwnity Pross
Ithaca NY
Tiner RW and Veneman PLM 1987 Hydric Soils of New
England University of MassachusetU Cooperative Extention
Bulletin C-183 Amhent MA
J USDA 1951 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 18 US
Government Printing Office Washington DC
l
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
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Source ESampE Inc 1990
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT Revision DARLING 1DLL PROJECT Date Jgtaampe
USDA I975 Soil Survey Manual Agricultural Handbook 436 US
Government Printing Offilte Wubincton DC I USDAISCS 1982 Natiooal List of Scialtifilt Plant Names Volumes I
and 2 US Govemmeot Printinamp Offilte Wasllincton DC
USEPA I986 Quality Criteria for W- EPA 4405-Mgt-01 May
I986
USEPA I988a W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Criteria Cadmium Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 440-181014
USEPA 19881gt W- Quality StandlrdJ Criteria Summaries A
Compiiiiion of SIIIOIFederal Crilaia Leod Office of wshyJieampulalionl and StandlrdJ Crilaia and StandlrdJ Divisioo
WultiJtpn DC EPA 4405-881030
USEPA 1989a Risk Auessment Guidonee for Superfund VolumeD
Environmeotal Evaluation Manual (Interim Final) Office of
Emergency and Remedial Responoe Washington DC EPA54shy
011-191001
USEPA 1919b Supplemental Risk Auessment Guidonee for the Supershy
fund Program Pan I and 2 Final Draft US USEPA Region I
-~ Risk Assessment Work Group EPA 90115-19001
DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
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~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
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Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
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Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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- barcode 561700
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DRAFT WEJLANDS AND ECOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT Revision 2 DAIUJNG Hill PROJECT Date oomm
Pqe 33
r USEPA 1989c EAo1ocical Ament of llazanlous Waste Sites A
Field and Laboratory Rd Comllis Environmattal ~
~ Labontory Corwllis OR EPA 60013-891013
USEPA 1989d Rapid -middotProtocols for Uoe in Stroams and
Riwn Bendtic lolacroiltvetebratcs and FiJb Office of W-
EPA414-119-001
Vubl JL 1979 Tbe Nllurll Vepllliart of Norllt Amorica Joltn
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
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-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
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llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
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(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
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-----
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
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The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
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PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
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~w fiiOJbull fK w
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fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
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_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
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optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
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i J
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I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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h_ _ ~fAQIl
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r-rrow
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h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
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I
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
FIGURES
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II (l bull 1o J c ~
--- bull - shy
1
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middotshy~ ~ t i ~~~lbull IIJ Jlmiddot 1
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
r-rrow
lolldltto40M
AdiiiiM bulllllofolhbull ACAC+lfllrlcltoldlnrod I
middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
AOJ~
bull 1ll~llbullt- nerrowiNftoldlnrod
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h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
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wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
_l
J J I
J
I I
I
l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
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hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
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Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
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fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
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J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
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r-rrow
lolldltto40M
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middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
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~
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h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
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wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
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J J I
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
6118 C ilJ3
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hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
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l _ _ u
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J middot - n nflllaiiiiiP bull_ limiddot~middot~Tmiddotmiddot
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ent
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IVE RECORD
f~l
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- ~ I i 1 II II l1 ~ ---~ I
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~~~~jnmiddot-~~~~~~~~middot l r 1
I I i iI II I I
l l~=i=========~= l
bull ubull bullbullbullu tbull ntnt uou bullbull oou uuo
J ~ -~ middot
J
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U 111111 oU HUll U- tU 0-111 middot 11- II- IU Olol II- Ull llfl II I II Ill- I I IICIII Ill UIIIUI- 0111
u bullbull bullbullurou bullmiddotoo-bullbullbulluouo nnbullbullbull bullbullbullbullouut middot
n=r middotmiddot I I I I
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l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
i =ir~iimiddot rn1 -11i111middotmiddotmiddotimiddot11imiddotmiddot~=r~r====middot~~imiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - I I I I I I I I I I
bullbull-- middot 1aut T illl fliia jdltlfHdihjnfHIIunjllltftiUbull bullJ mlll i r iiii em+ IIJ Ul II Ill a M
j middot- middot~~~bull l
~ l
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I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
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mmiddot I
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- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
middot~I fglbullbull
~~1 ~-e~ bull o ll i~ilco~
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l l
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h ~~ ~~
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LCIIll
WTLUDS 1 SAMPLE
LOCATIONS
200 0 200 00
-
Figure 3 Delineated Wetlands and t~ hj~llt~ )Jt ~~Cf~)-l Sample Locations I e ~ ~ 1 f lt ~~ t (lI 1
Source ESampE Inc 1990
LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
e ORAINAGpound RUNOIT AND SEOIWNT SMPUNG LOCATION
IaEnvironmental Science bull
middot--Jnrineerin( Inc
ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
l
I I I
~ ~~
-I abull1- -tl
f~flf I
VEGETAT I ON OBSERVED IN TH STUDY UA
]
1 l I J
Jv J
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
ortlnt bullHt -lbullt et L_H ctldlrlle trNttl vr-t Apr 19910
llllllcter CodMkl-tlflc
-11) - _ -middot
lycopodleceM
l~hbull tuet-1a lftlnlntcl~ fACbullJACW floQI middot fAalL~~~~
(q~lltiC- IrtnaclrpoldM ~fK-ifllrwil fAOJ fACbull
(qIMtwi Y-11 KGWntrllfl fACbullfAOI- OUOcl- clr-f fAOlf~fPId_
ttybull-ctdfem hMiteldtiiP~CtiiDII fAOJJACmiddot
_1111 ttlwfwn twldl~lllflill- tlredlfem
tNt _ JIIQIfM middot~--middotshy _ middot- fACV-crtbulltetbull ---shyJ ~tlelll~ dNIIaMfenl lllfAC _ fACf141_ fiOImiddot fACVfie _
_ _eel Wiltbull
nortMmWiltecMwrtluJbull-1--bullttbull fiiCUmiddot fACU _ - J - cllleta -- fiJJf01 lllJMWshytwl UlUmiddotJKbullmiddotcue~middot -middotshyJ _ -middot- UOI fAQIbull
~w fiiOJbull fK w
__J (ntucqtbl fiOJfKmiddot
fAOI fACUtOCtylllll-111 wcMnltr
Tri_H_ _ lllfAOJ t_ -lAC
_tlttUbull fACIIltl
(1_ vdiNCM 11011 liiOCidr fACII f~ __ j terutc-rlt polt~tMbr_
teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
Lllltc-
J Alli18YIte c--tlc fAOJmiddot fAOJ
ticshyopttrlldlllttll bllt00111ed~ fAOJ middot fAOJ
optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
Poplt betlferbull bet-popter - fAOJfACV
crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
~ llllllutorClcltntUtc
I - _ _ _ shy Witt I (1)
i J
l ~-(-tl) fdl fofoOIQIIkNIInlttl tlottt~lflll pllpef blrdl fAOJfACUltshy_
middot~-AI-MfNIItl brookmiddot bulllbullbulltdef -l eMbull fACfAQIut-tcshy I ~ _ fACfAOIbullt-occlc~ntlllt
I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
-tM(IUt_lct old field -cltlll -fAQIfAC
h_ _ ~fAQIl
_hllrUlll blt ry WtcMtry-tiN l middot- fAQJ-fMTrlf~tttbull
_Y) fiiQI fAQIfbulll~rttcJ -- - typll lllfAOI -
fMll-fAQIbull-- AMrn~YlyenWII- ttrl_ -- --middot _ -- fiiCfiiCV J Wit
PACUfle+Yltlll_ _ OlnltMfl _ faal-fACraquotshy1 -shy_ J --- _ fAQI fiiC
Conul u fAC fNraquogt cr- c-tt middotshy_c_ Wllteaell middotmiddotshy fAOI fACVltshyfrulrunltrl btlaquobull- uctmiddotl~
J c-bullIIIIWMd AICIIM-18Ctl
taprlfoiiKshyYlbltft8rlaquootnl~ tllem arr-ood fAQI middot f~ lll fACVllltiuNicltJ u_
r-rrow
lolldltto40M
AdiiiiM bulllllofolhbull ACAC+lfllrlcltoldlnrod I
middot_ ACUtW
lolldlttocll candlltoldlnrod lolldlttotlt -tlltoldlnrod
AOJ~
bull 1ll~llbullt- nerrowiNftoldlnrod
Altrp I I
oldflotden
~
~Ia A l i lt ef WMOIIW p(Mt -ct wltllbulltlbulltelll ~In~- tl ~Itt It
hrlllll lUI Jbullt _ ef Llle Cll-rtil CNty -t -H middot
h
l lotbulll 1 --cteturbull conf- to of thl 11tl-l lilt of tcl~r~ttflc
ll~r~ta- CUIOIICS1912)
l 2 tndlcetot ~PfcIH ~ bulltIICI f_ dwi U I endlllldtlfl llfYICI I
lltl-1 lilt of lllrlt lplcIH t Mt occur Wtt- llortfllllt 11111on 1)
(llld1MII) ~1-lrellfOHOIII
( J bullbull Indlcetor vel f_ llld 1_ llt l- 1 lilt of lllrlt lpeclbull tMt Otclll In
wtt-1-w-r-t
l ( ) lndlcetorvet fn1916111tllndll~r~tlllt~tllllon
(llld 1916) fot epKIH bull lttld In llld 1 1tlllb
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~tndll1~lty
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
_l
J J I
J
I I
I
l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
ll I hopbull this provldbullbull thbull inforbullbulltion you nect If the SCS can bbull of furthbullr AbullststAncbull plbullAsbull All our officbull At r 802-748-38~I
Ro9bull G DbullKbulltt Soil Sc i bullnt ist SCS
i J J J
6118 C ilJ3
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- middot-middot j I bullbull bullbullc bulluuooouo uno middot
hi bullubull cu1 11 u ouo 1110 tuun bull-bullbull onut u obull bullmiddot IUIIU UHI u uu ouou bullubullt UIU UU IIUIH
Otto o oe t l I UUI II OUt UIIIII bullU- til U- _ Uot 01 I I n II IUIII II U- Ul OIOO-I U middotUshyII U 11-11 UU IUHO IIUI IOfl 0 OIIIIII bull Ubull o UIIOII UIU 0 IIUII IIIU 1 11
l _ _ u
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~ middot ~~ middotbullmiddot-middot II 11
J middot - n nflllaiiiiiP bull_ limiddot~middot~Tmiddotmiddot
11--bull I nnn numbullbullbullbullaI 11064 0 bull ll l -l -~~~~middot
-i-middot 1 - rmiddotmiddot ~~ ~ ~ ~ i ~
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LEGEND
6sUArAC( WATER AND 5(0[NT SAMPLING LOCATION
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IaEnvironmental Science bull
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ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DARLING HILL PROJECT LYNDONVILLE VERMONT
FIGURE 4 SURFACE WATER AND SEDIMENT
SAMPLING LOCATIONS TILE ECO-ASESDWG
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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teru lllv-IINII bltckmiddot tdltd c~ OJJ
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optl1r_lbull fAOJfACbull
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crtckvii i OIII fAC fACbull tlafrltlt
letlll shytoryl comute tMIId htrtl middot nu1 ~L fAOJ letulttlll- tt p l lbullblrdl fUV fAC
-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
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I _ l1tlf1U1 flitbullfACII
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
~ ~ ~ Thbull obvioue brbullAk in t hbull lAndeApbull bbulllow thbull du-sraquo is due to thbull influbullncbull of thbull PAsauapa i c rivbull middot This eoll is AlluviAl i ori9in And tbull iAllcl SundAy CltOJ
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- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
bullbull
-----
IllIa AI ~lit of__ pl- Ibull bulllUI bulltlbulltM _ ~~~ -- lllthM -Ittbull
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-----
ttr Ia A Lilt of -culv plMt 1bull with bulltlbullted _ In u -Ittbull Dwlll 1111 jt _ M L-wttte Clll crcy ~ 111990
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CALtollA COUJTY IJTDIM SOIL SUIYY SOIL SUIS DSCliPTIOIIS
I
_l
J J I
J
I I
I
l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
The solls in this area ere laciofluvlbulll in oriin These outNASh soils include tlbullbull Adbullbullbull (b) and Colton C32J ser i es I hAve included the Crohan and Oubullbury series in with the SOl 5 a These ere inchasiona in the Adbullbullbull And Colton
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PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
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PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
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- barcode 561700
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I I
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l April 18 1990 Soi 1 Conservation Service
P O bO M 374 FedefAl BldQ St Johnsbury VT 05819
l FROrh Ror1er DttKRtt SCS TO Kevin Douherty ESE
PfRPOSE l ScSil s infor~nbullti on f or the Dbullrl t n Hil l dump site
Dbullbullr llr Douhert y
PIbullbullbullbull fincl enclosed It cop i es of bull sol Is bull bullP of the bullrbullbulll the Adbullbullbullbullnaer the DbullrlinQ Hill dldlp And SOI 5 s for Colton Dubullbury Crovhan and IMtrldAy rlea The actual du-p itself libullbull not bn bullappeod For SCS purposes the bull r bullbull hasl bn d i sturbed and would have put bull spot sy-bol inclicetln bull duMP nile bullbullppin the bullrea bullround it
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I~ middot ~ hAii ltihIIIJ IIIUII middoto_ I bullbullmiddot _11amp1III I HUMbull lj n nlliiIIbullIIP bull middot-nbull 1 lmiddotmiddot j -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot shy
I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
I ~ I ~-middot- 11-_ middotmiddot II IIOIIII middot IIWIOII I-- II bull - 1~
_
J J
J
l l iii
j I I II l ~ 1 bullbullm bull lilfl 1iIIOIftblliJI~ tllllcl RIIHIIBimi
J middotbull middotmiddot ~rl I ti 1=~ ==1 1= 1= = 1 1==r == === == 1=1 = I= 1
4 r nMifPIAIDfil fBQturlilitt um
lm~~middot bullbullbull bullbullu J
N0 --middot-I __ r l 8
J J -
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
=-~~middotmiddot 1 I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
l
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J ~
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OOU bull
ooul n
uot
oou
o oot
nooou t middotmiddot
u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I I
- I I
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~II eUIUtono UUt bullono lUll
Ul IIIUU lU l U Ullll oUt UIP llllfiiO II 1111111 IIlii II 1111 1111 UU II UoiUC II l e tbullIIbullIUI HOIIII UUIIIUIUOIIUIOII-IIIIUIOIIIUtll t i iUIIIIIII IIIUIUII I UIIIOI tOI
U 111111 oU HUll U- tU 0-111 middot 11- II- IU Olol II- Ull llfl II I II Ill- I I IICIII Ill UIIIUI- 0111
u bullbull bullbullurou bullmiddotoo-bullbullbulluouo nnbullbullbull bullbullbullbullouut middot
n=r middotmiddot I I I I
hililiimiddot l mtf iftl fitu fdllfHIHh[nnlfiHiamjllflflltl( j11 1fllhl i bullmbull il ebull-bullbull 11 Ulbull bull bullunu
mol~llid~ltlllod nootllllll Hr
hiih(i~ middot ~~ 1 IIUII middothihh Whhi hi lUll IUUUia-hiiUII
_ iihh middotiibWWihii ~~ -~bull bullbullaabullwm iiiiii
IIIIIIImiddotOIIilhMot i bull II -bull oolllllllolllollllllllllo 1 iliiii middot iibAi ilfiA Wfhii
mmiddot- rr~mmiddot1
11----~~UARnilmu~-bull~bull~Anu------------~~----~omnmiir-lmiddotftiimiii~A~o~unn-----------~~~middot II bullbull 1 ihhi middotWiiiii 11 ~ uuu I II tI 1 1middot middot Wihiii -Whiii 1 wruuiiiiibullii nn 11I hbull bullmiddotn -bullbullbullnmiddotbullbullbullu bull totu cu ou l
Whill lii Uih Uiiilii-liih lhib Whiiij bullbull
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hi IIOIIU IUIII Ul lfl II bullUbull lUI H Utllll II It 11UIUI 111111 IU ltlt bullbulloltl ttU _l o bull001bull I I UIIOUOIII UOIIIfl UUIUII to UIIO aU I I UifgttOOII I 11110101 UOU I I O Tot O oUt aUshyUUh OIU toot o middot middot- IUOICI UOU I IIUII ltU I 11 I tUIII OUt ltUO 011 01- I fl I I
l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
i =ir~iimiddot rn1 -11i111middotmiddotmiddotimiddot11imiddotmiddot~=r~r====middot~~imiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - I I I I I I I I I I
bullbull-- middot 1aut T illl fliia jdltlfHdihjnfHIIunjllltftiUbull bullJ mlll i r iiii em+ IIJ Ul II Ill a M
j middot- middot~~~bull l
~ l
I~ middot ~ hAii ltihIIIJ IIIUII middoto_ I bullbullmiddot _11amp1III I HUMbull lj n nlliiIIbullIIP bull middot-nbull 1 lmiddotmiddot j -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot shy
I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
I ~ I ~-middot- 11-_ middotmiddot II IIOIIII middot IIWIOII I-- II bull - 1~
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J J
J
l l iii
j I I II l ~ 1 bullbullm bull lilfl 1iIIOIftblliJI~ tllllcl RIIHIIBimi
J middotbull middotmiddot ~rl I ti 1=~ ==1 1= 1= = 1 1==r == === == 1=1 = I= 1
4 r nMifPIAIDfil fBQturlilitt um
lm~~middot bullbullbull bullbullu J
N0 --middot-I __ r l 8
J J -
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
=-~~middotmiddot 1 I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
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OOU bull
ooul n
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
l
l -J
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J
J
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hi IIOIIU IUIII Ul lfl II bullUbull lUI H Utllll II It 11UIUI 111111 IU ltlt bullbulloltl ttU _l o bull001bull I I UIIOUOIII UOIIIfl UUIUII to UIIO aU I I UifgttOOII I 11110101 UOU I I O Tot O oUt aUshyUUh OIU toot o middot middot- IUOICI UOU I IIUII ltU I 11 I tUIII OUt ltUO 011 01- I fl I I
l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
i =ir~iimiddot rn1 -11i111middotmiddotmiddotimiddot11imiddotmiddot~=r~r====middot~~imiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - I I I I I I I I I I
bullbull-- middot 1aut T illl fliia jdltlfHdihjnfHIIunjllltftiUbull bullJ mlll i r iiii em+ IIJ Ul II Ill a M
j middot- middot~~~bull l
~ l
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I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
I ~ I ~-middot- 11-_ middotmiddot II IIOIIII middot IIWIOII I-- II bull - 1~
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J J
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l l iii
j I I II l ~ 1 bullbullm bull lilfl 1iIIOIftblliJI~ tllllcl RIIHIIBimi
J middotbull middotmiddot ~rl I ti 1=~ ==1 1= 1= = 1 1==r == === == 1=1 = I= 1
4 r nMifPIAIDfil fBQturlilitt um
lm~~middot bullbullbull bullbullu J
N0 --middot-I __ r l 8
J J -
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
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I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
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J ~
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OOU bull
ooul n
uot
oou
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
-middot bullUbullUUIII UUUbullUIUOt UU U111 IIUIU bull Utbull Utbull bulltllf UIIU
hi IIOIIU IUIII Ul lfl II bullUbull lUI H Utllll II It 11UIUI 111111 IU ltlt bullbulloltl ttU _l o bull001bull I I UIIOUOIII UOIIIfl UUIUII to UIIO aU I I UifgttOOII I 11110101 UOU I I O Tot O oUt aUshyUUh OIU toot o middot middot- IUOICI UOU I IIUII ltU I 11 I tUIII OUt ltUO 011 01- I fl I I
l l i~~iisect~~~i~-~hirmiddot-~fi1~~~i~imiddot~ i~middotj
i =ir~iimiddot rn1 -11i111middotmiddotmiddotimiddot11imiddotmiddot~=r~r====middot~~imiddot middotmiddotmiddotmiddot - I I I I I I I I I I
bullbull-- middot 1aut T illl fliia jdltlfHdihjnfHIIunjllltftiUbull bullJ mlll i r iiii em+ IIJ Ul II Ill a M
j middot- middot~~~bull l
~ l
I~ middot ~ hAii ltihIIIJ IIIUII middoto_ I bullbullmiddot _11amp1III I HUMbull lj n nlliiIIbullIIP bull middot-nbull 1 lmiddotmiddot j -middotmiddotmiddotmiddot shy
I middot aIIIMollloiiiiiiIIN 0 uu
I ~ I ~-middot- 11-_ middotmiddot II IIOIIII middot IIWIOII I-- II bull - 1~
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J J
J
l l iii
j I I II l ~ 1 bullbullm bull lilfl 1iIIOIftblliJI~ tllllcl RIIHIIBimi
J middotbull middotmiddot ~rl I ti 1=~ ==1 1= 1= = 1 1==r == === == 1=1 = I= 1
4 r nMifPIAIDfil fBQturlilitt um
lm~~middot bullbullbull bullbullu J
N0 --middot-I __ r l 8
J J -
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
=-~~middotmiddot 1 I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
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J ~
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OOU bull
ooul n
uot
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u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
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mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
J
l l iii
j I I II l ~ 1 bullbullm bull lilfl 1iIIOIftblliJI~ tllllcl RIIHIIBimi
J middotbull middotmiddot ~rl I ti 1=~ ==1 1= 1= = 1 1==r == === == 1=1 = I= 1
4 r nMifPIAIDfil fBQturlilitt um
lm~~middot bullbullbull bullbullu J
N0 --middot-I __ r l 8
J J -
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
=-~~middotmiddot 1 I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
l
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J ~
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_ II
OOU bull
ooul n
uot
oou
o oot
nooou t middotmiddot
u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
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mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
I I
~ I I
~ ) iflilbulllh 111 Liii]~~~~~ middot ~~ i j en ubull l bullbullbullu bullbullbull I I I bullbullbull ~ vw~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ l l l middot l middot 1 l I l I I I l I I I l I l I I I
I I I f I I f l
I i llnllimiddotu-lllir bullllilibullbull~e~ul middot
I I I
11111 llllll11111hllllillllllllllllllllmbull lllmwmll I I I ~middotmiddotmiddotmiddot- bullbullbull I ~ l
=-~~middotmiddot 1 I I I I
I I I I I I I I I I I I i ifiiiii1111middot1 ii lllillr1 Ui if bulltI eu rm I I I
II I I
I 1 J
1
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J ~
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OOU bull
ooul n
uot
oou
o oot
nooou t middotmiddot
u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700
_ II
OOU bull
ooul n
uot
oou
o oot
nooou t middotmiddot
u notbullbullbullbull- o middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot 11100111 middot u o o u- _ ouot uoto IIUII to o U -__
1 iiNjiiiil fiiiiiiii fJiifi Ciioii I JI j
I iif hi middot iihUI PliAIA I l Il I iihh -hiAIA Iiiihl lii Uiii I ~~ IImiddotmiddot IhiiUOIIAIA hiiQI I I raquoIAmiddotiibiii IAIWI IIIH Iii
_j I middot- ~IallllllliiiiiiiW- I I MM middotillfMmiAl mmiddot- middotJ li-mlI iiiiA middotAWhl - w Imiddot 1
UMoil hif iiiUI I IIIIII
mmiddot I
~]bullbull
~ = 8 N
- barcode 561700
- barcodetext SDMS Doc ID 561700