INTRODUCTION TO ASTROLOGY

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ISSN 1340-5306 Studia Culturae Islamicae 62 sy¯ ar Ibn Labb¯ an’s INTRODUCTION TO ASTROLOGY Edited and Translated by Michio YANO INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURES OF ASIA AND AFRICA TOKYO 1997

Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO ASTROLOGY

ISSN 1340-5306

Studia Culturae Islamicae 62

Kusyar Ibn Labban’s

INTRODUCTIONTO

ASTROLOGY

Edited and Translated

byMichio YANO

INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF LANGUAGESAND CULTURES OF ASIA AND AFRICA

TOKYO 1997

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矢野道雄
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Kusyar Ibn Labban’sIntroduction to Astrology

Text and Translation

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Introduction 3

In the name of God the merciful, the compassionate.

[1] Abu al-H. asan Kusyar bn Labban bn Basahrı al-Jılı 1 said:

I have collected in this book, from among the fundamentals of the art of judgments<of the stars>,2 its totality, the ways to free disposal in it, and its usage, what Ithought is sufficient in its meaning and what is enough to dispense others in mostmatters. I have taken in it the shortest way I know toward analogy (qiyas),3 andI have followed in it the clearest course I know toward correctness, since this is anart without proof; thus ideas and beliefs in it have free scope, and the discussionof those who speak nonsense in it is without proper limit and scope.

[2] I have made it contain four parts (maqala). The first of them is on theintroduction and the fundamentals, the second part is on the judgment of thematters in the world, the third part is on the judgment of the natives and therevolution of their years, and the fourth part is on the making of choices. I askedGod for right guidance.

1BFV place ‘al-Kiya al-Sa ↪ud’ before ‘Abu al-H. asan’. This appellation is also found in thems. of Kusyar’s book on the astrolabe, Chester Beatty 5354 fols. 162–187.

2B adds ‘of the stars’, but even without this modification s. ina ↪aT al-ah. kam ‘art of judgments’means astrology.

3The word qiyas, frequently used in this book, has a very significant meaning. See, forexample, 1.2.

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Translation I 5

Part I On the Introduction and the Fundamentals, in Twenty-Two Chapters

1. On the Undertaking of this Book and What it is Necessary to Describe fromamong the Introductory Matters2. On the Natures of the Planets3. On the Benefic and Malefic Planets4. On the Masculine and Feminine Planets

5. On the Diurnal and Nocturnal Planets6. On the Natures of the Planets according to their Remoteness from and Near-ness to the Sun7. On the Easterliness and Westerliness of the Planets8. On the Fixed Stars and their Complexions9. On the Tropical Signs, Fixed Signs, and Bicorporeal Signs10. On the Masculine and Feminine Signs, and the Diurnal and Nocturnal Signs11. On the Natures of the Signs12. On the Signs and the Degrees which Aspect Each Other13. On the Houses of the Planets14. On the Exaltation of the Planets15. On the Triplicities and their Lords16. On Terms17. On the Domain, the Joy, the Dasturıya, and the Dodecatemorion18. On Application, Separation, Reception, and Reflecting19. On the Powers of the Planets and their Rulership over Each Other20. On the Indications of the Places of the Sphere and the Positions of the Plan-ets in them21. On Lots22. On the Investigation of the Planet Having Mastery over a Place among thePlaces of the Orb

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Translation I.1 7

Chapter One: On the Undertaking of this Book and What it is Nec-

essary to Describe from among the Introductory Matters.

[1] The road to the science of the judgments of the stars is of two kinds; oneof them which is older is the science of the spheres of stars, their motion, thecomputation of their positions, and their conditions. This is the science which isgrasped by instruments and observation, and there are geometrical proofs fot it.One who is specialized in it is versed in the noblest and the most reliable of thesciences next to religious sciences.1 There already are two books by us concerningthis <science> which we called al-Zıj al-Jami ↪ and <al-Zıj> al-Balig.2

[2] The second is the science of effects coming from the stars, their powers,and their influence on whatever is below the sphere of the Moon.3 This is thescience which is grasped by experience (tajriba) and analogy (qiyas) and it isconfused with4 the first science. There is no way for its verification, nor is itgrasped at all in its totality, nor in its larger part, because the thing for which thisscience is utilized, namely, weather, individual persons, and all that are belowthe sphere of the Moon are characterized by change and alternation, and in mostmatters they are never fixed in one condition. A man has no perfect capability inconjecture, especially of the conditions which are in the temperaments (imtizaj)of the stars, and he falls into difficulty. The study in it is so difficult that somepeople rejected it, thinking that it is a thing whose uniqueness they cannot grasp.

[3] Most people who specialize in the first science are ignorant of the secondscience. They reject its usefulness and claim that it is something which occursby accident and that there is no proof for it. But we say: as far as accident isconcerned, when it lasts a long time or occurs in most circumstances, then thatis one of the proofs. As for proof, not everything for which there is no proof isto be abandoned

1‘next to religious sciences’ is omitted by BJV.2Kusyar refers to his own works on astronomical tables. See GAS VII, p. 182–3.3This division of the world is based on Aristotelian cosmology.4F: ‘it is in need of’ instead of ‘it is confused with’.

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Translation I.1 9

nor is its use to be neglected. By prudence, nay by intelligence, it should not bethe case that the use of oxymel in the soothing of gall be postponed until theproof of its effectiveness is established. Rather we should apply it and use it,while we limit its proof to whatever <it is> whose effect we see continuously andin most situations.

[4] We see and know well that the Sun warms, and the experience thatthe Moon makes humid has lasted a long time. The seasons of a year changeand their weather differs in heat, coolness, moistures, and rains according to theapplication (ittis. al)5 of the Sun to the planets, the application of the planets tothe Sun, and the application of one to another. Thus it is evident that it is notfeasible to throw it away even if there be no proof for it.

[5] The man who specializes only in the second science is the man whoenters into its details with evidences based on observation and discussion. Hethinks that there is a proof because of his ignorance of the method of proof andits nature. That which is necessary to be believed6 in this science is grasped<only> by experience and analogy. A part of it is that on which experiencehas lasted a long time and on which some people of the art <of astrology> haveagreed. Thus we have no right to consider it with a view contrary to it. A partof it is what is different in its experience and analogy. Thus some people agreedon one thing while other people agreed on what is contrary to it.

[6] We said7 that we follow what is nearest to regularity and system. Wedo not rely upon what are isolated differences, nor do we turn to them. Whena man is conversant in the natures of the stars and their powers, he has takenthem from successive reports which preceded him — like the knowledge aboutthe Sun’s power that it warms and about the Moon’s power that it makes humid,and likewise <about> the powers of the other planets.

5For the technical meaning of ‘application’, see Abbreviation 3.13.6B ‘to be grasped’ instead of ‘to be believed’.7Cf. Introduction of the Madkhal.

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Translation I.1 11

[7] The powers of conjecture in what is imposed by the temperaments whichbelong to each one of the planets have enabled him to know many conditionsbefore their occurrence, of those things which are dependent on the conditions ofweather concerning heat, coldness, winds, moistures, and rains, and <to know>

the conditions of a man concerning his goodness, his badness, his tempers, hisvirtues, and his vices.

[8] Concerning whatever is useful in this science, man has thoughtfulnessand common sense which lead him in the direction of being prepared for theincidents whose knowledge precedes their occurrence, like a man who knows be-forehand about the weather of his country and who can thus prepare for winterwith what keeps coldness away from him, and for summer with what keeps heataway from him.

[9] When he knows beforehand the occurrence of an illness, he resists itwith its opposing measures according to the characteristic power he has in hisbirth and according to what he gains from this art <of astrology>. Then if theinfluential power <of an illness> is stronger than the power resisting it, the illnessoccurs in accordance with the excess of its power. If the two powers (i.e., of anillness and that resisting it) balance each other, curing and moderation occur. Ifthe victory is on the side of the power resisting the occurrence of the illness withthe opposite measure, <curing and moderation occur> in accordance with theexcess of the resisting power.

[10] It might be possible to keep off some of the incidents which are char-acteristic to the individual himself if they are evil. He might confront them itwhatever is appropriate and suitable if they are good. Some of them (i.e., theincidents) are within the judgment of generality and become almost inevitable,like the change of weather into excessive rottenness which causes an epidemic.The illnesses, in some cases, can be prevented by resisting this rottenness. Orlike the change of a dynasty and the appearance of a <new> dynasty which isfound to be good in some years and bad in some years. This is the reason I wantto publish this book.

12 Part I Chapter 2–3

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Translation I.2–3 13

Chapter Two: On the Natures of the Planets1

The Sun warms and slightly dries. The Moon moistens and changes bodies intohumidity and putrefies them. Saturn cools and dries slightly. Mars dries muchand its natural power is burning because of its excess of dryness. Jupiter is ofa moderate nature and warms and moistens, and its heat is abundant. Venusmoistens and heats slightly. It is of a moderate nature. Concerning dryness,humidity, warmness, and coldness, Mercury is close to the nature of the planetto which it applies,2 the <zodiacal> sign in which it is, and its lord. It is airyand generates winds.

Chapter Three: On the Benefic and Malefic Planets3

Jupiter and Venus are absolutely lucky because of the moderateness of theirnature, and because of the heat and moisture in them. Saturn and Mars areabsolutely unlucky because of the excess of Saturn’s nature in coldness and Mars’nature in dryness. The Sun and Moon are benefic from trine and sextile andmalefic from conjunction, opposition, and quartile. Mercury shares beneficencewith the benefics and maleficence with the malefics in its application to them. Inisolation, it is dependent on the nature of the sign in which it is as well as thelord of the sign if no planet is aspecting it and if it does not apply to a planet.

1The topic and contents of this chapter are almost the same as those in Tetrabiblos I.4. Thenatures of the plants are summarized (those with an asterisk are ‘slightly’ so) as:

Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercuryhot humid cold humid dry humid dependingdry* putrefying dry* hot burning hot*

2For ‘application’ see 1.18.3Tetrabiblos I.5.

14 Part I Chapter 4–5

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Translation I.4–5 15

Chapter Four: On the Masculine and Feminine Planets1

The Moon and Venus are feminine because of the abundance of moisture in them.The Sun, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars are masculine. Mercury shares totally withthe two malefics since it is equally effective of dryness and humidity. It may bemasculine or feminine becuase of its position relative to the Sun: if it is easterly2

it is masculine, and if westerly it is feminine. It may be masculine or femininebecause of its position relative to the horizon: if it is between the ascendant andthe tenth place and in the opposite quadrant, it is masculine; in the remainingtwo quadrants, it is feminine.

Chapter Five: On the Diurnal and Nocturnal Planets3

The Moon and Venus are nocturnal because of the coldness in them. Jupiterand the Sun are diurnal because of the heat in them. Mercury shares in bothconditions together. It is diurnal in the east and nocturnal in the west. Theessence of Saturn and Mars is evil: Saturn is cooling, which they relate to theheat of the day, and Mars is drying, which they relate to the moisture of thenight, because if each one of them is in its domain4 its complexion is balanced. Ingeneral, the masculine planets are diurnal and the feminine planets are nocturnal,except Mars which is masculine and nocturnal.

1Tetrabiblos I.6. The topic of this chapter is summarized as:Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercurymasculine feminine masculine masculine masculine feminine both

2For easterliness and westerliness, see 1.7.3Tetrabiblos I.7. The topic of this chapter is summarized as:Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercuryday night day(heat) day night(moisture) night both

4Cf. 1.17.

16 Part I Chapter 6

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Translation I.6 17

Chapter Six: On the Natures of the Planets according to their Re-

moteness from and Nearness to the Sun1

[1] The Moon is especially effective of humidity from its first appearance to itsfirst quarter with respect to the Sun. From its first quarter to its fullness it iseffective of heat. From this to its second quarter it is effective of dryness. Fromthis to its conjunction with the Sun it is effective of coldness.

[2] The three superior planets2 moisten very much from the beginning oftheir conjunction with the Sun to their first station. From their first station totheir opposition to the Sun they heat very much. From their opposition to theirsecond station their nature is dry. From their second station to their occultation3

their nature is cold.

[3] Venus and Mercury moisten very much from their first conjunction withthe Sun to their first station.4 From that to their <second> conjunction withthe Sun, while they are retrograde, they heat very much. From that to theirsecond station they dry very much. From that to their conjunction with the Sunthey cool very much.

[4] When one planet cools and another heats, or one planet moistens andanother dries, there occur in the atmosphere different conditions according totheir temperament and according to the power of each one of them. It is herethat wise people differ concerning each item of these conditions. It is difficult todistinguish these powers from each other.

1The contents of this chapter are almost identical with those in Tetrabiblos I.8.2B adds ‘namely, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars.’3They are hidden under the Sun’s rays.4As JV add ‘while they are in the direct motion’, this conjunction is the outer conjunction.

18 Part I Chapter 7–8

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Translation I.7–8 19

Chapter Seven: On the Easterliness and Westerliness of the Planets1

When a planet rises before the rising of the Sun, it is easterly. When it sets afterthe setting of the Sun, it is westerly. Take <as> the easterliness and westerlinessfor the superior planets sixty degrees and for Venus forty five degrees and for Mer-cury twenty-five degrees approximately. These quantities for the two <inferiorplanets> are the limit of the distance of these two planets from the Sun.2

Chapter Eight: On the Fixed Stars and their Complexions3

[1] The fixed stars are many, and each one of them is in accordance with thetemperament of one or two of the planets. Of these the most conspicuous in effectare those which are of the first and second magnitude, and also the majority ofthose which are of the third magnitude. When they virtually coincide with <thedegree of>4 the ascendant or the tenth place from the ascendant at the nativityor at the beginning of an important enterprise, or when they virtually coincidewith the position of the two luminaries or the position of the lot of fortune,5

then they give abundant wonders according to the nature of the star, which isbased on the complexion of the planets. But there are many of them which arecharacterized by evil when they are malefic.

[2] Some of them are ‘cutters’6 which have the nature of the malefics, andtheir complexions are to cut life and to corrupt circumstances and matters, whenthe prorogation7 arrives, from its beginning, at these stars. When we need theapplication of the Moon or of the lord of the ascendant to one of the stars inquestion, we consider that one of these stars is united with the complexion of theplanet in question and that it (the fixed star) takes the place of the <planet>.

1The topic of this chapter does not make an independent chapter in the Tetrabiblos.2For the inner planets, this distance is the greatest elongation from the Sun.3The similar topic is found in Tetrabiblos I.9. Ptolemy classifies the fixed stars in three

categories, those in the zodiacal belt, those in the north, and those in the south. For details,see Introduction to the present edition.

4Supplied by BFJV.5For the lot of fortune, see 1.21.2.6qati ↪; this corresopnds to anairetes in the Tetrabiblos.7For prorogation (tasyır) see 3.20 and 3.21.

20 Part I Chapter 8

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27 L '�M� �(N; 26 67A �O � � � �.+ :MP � QR�

28 � �S� � �7�T !� [4]

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20 BV t uv wv � x yz{|21 B om. ; V puts t uv }�t } after t uv wv � x yz |22

B t ~ � | instead of t ~ � t u 23 B !�"#$24 B t � � � % �25

B &'(26

B )27 B add. u*+, u� � w� � xD��� w� uv � w� �z t ~-.�/01 � u �28

J om.; V puts this in the following order: 20, 21, 26, 29, 1 (margin), 10 (margin), 4, 3, 11, 27,

30, 2, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 28.29

FV om. headings throughout. Numbering and semicolons are added by the present editor.

30B�

(zero) instead of . � � � | . B uses numeral Hindu-Arabic numerals instead of abjad through-

out this chapter.

31G om. 2

32 FV add. � � t � � �33

B add. y3 � t y� � z x34

G om. u�35

G om.�

; B add. 4 � �� |�� u�>� � | u� ~36 F om. � ��t w � � t � � �56 � � �78 9 |�� x | u� ~37 BF u� 8 : � �� | ; J u� � � �{v � � |38 B om. t � u� ~ ; V � �;<=> v � � |N�e| u� � � x � |j ex3¡ uv 8 9 | ; F 1 � u �?<=> � �`�

� | instead of t � u� ~ � �?<@> v � � |

Translation I.8 21

[3] I have determined thirty stars from among these stars because of theirpositions, magnitude, the direction of their latitudes, their complexions, and amention of the cutters among them.As for their positions, they are for the begin-ning of the three hundred and sixty-first year of Yazdagird. For what <time> isafter this, fifty-four seconds in each year are added to them, that is, nine minutesin every ten years.8

[4] The stars.(1) Aries: The Hand of the Dyed One,9 in Aries 20◦ 50′, of the third magnitude,northern, the complexion of Saturn and Venus.

(2) Taurus: The Eye of the Bull which is called al-dabaran, in Taurus 25◦ 40′, ofthe first magnitude, southern, the complexion of Mars. Cutter.

(3) The bright star of the Head of the Giant, in Taurus 12◦ 40′, of the secondmagnitude, northern, the complexion of Mars and Mercury. Cutter.

(4) The Side <of Perseus>10 carrying the Head of the Giant, in Taurus 17◦ 50′,of the second magnitude, northern, the complexion of Mars and Mercury. Cutter.

(5) Gemini: The Head of the Tyrant, in Gemini 10◦ 0′, nebulous, southern, thecomplexion of Mars and Mercury. Cutter.

(6) The Right Shoulder of Orion, in Gemini 15◦ 0′, of the first magnitude, south-ern, the complexion of Saturn and Mercury. Cutter.

(7) The Left Shoulder of it, in Gemini 7◦ 0′, of the second magnitude, southern,the complexion of Saturn and Jupiter.

8B adds: ‘and for each hundred years one degree and half.’ This is the rate of precession,namely, 54′′/1 year = 9′/10 years = 1; 30◦/100 years (or 1◦ in 66 2

3 years).Since Yazdagird 1 = A.D. 632, the year for the longitude of the fixed stars are given for the yearA.D. 992, which seems to be the time of Kusyar. But when he gives the longitudes of the fixedstars, he has simply added 13◦ to Ptolemy’s longitude (except No. 18, see below). Accordingto his rate of precession, this corresponds to 866 2

3 years. Since the epoch of Ptolemy’s starcatalogue was AD. 137, July 20, Kusyar’s epoch should have been 1004.

9For the translation of the fixed stars I used L.P.Elwell-Sutton, The Horoscope of Asadullah

Mırza, E.J.Brill, Leiden, 1977. See the table in the Introduction to this edition.10This is supplied by B.

22 Part I Chapter 8

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= � � � > �# � � � ��� M � � �` �d] �� �" � � �� � � � � � � �� � � / 0�12 [� ��Q .�� �# � ; �4 �� � � � � � �( / �� >

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39 BJ om. this star.

40 BFJ � g h�41 J

i j k�� k42 V � g � l m no[p q43

V r g s tu no � � q v ���Khw44 B fx ty p q ; also in (15).

45 V add. s m tz p q v46

V add. { w l | } v47 V add. { w l | } v48

J om.~ � � q � g h�

49B add. h� � q

50F � � � j k ; B add. � kSqs h� � g h� } � q

51 F om.52 GJ om.

Translation I.8 23

(8) The Middle of the Belt, in Gemini 10◦ 20′, of the second magnitude, southern,the complexion of Saturn and Jupiter.

(9) The Left Foot, in Gemini 2◦ 50′, of the first magnitude, southern, the com-plexion of Jupiter and Saturn.

(10) The ↪Uyuq (Capella), in Gemini 8◦ 0′, of the first magnitude, northern, thecomplexion of Mars and Mercury.

(11) The Shoulder of the Reins-Holder, in Gemini 15◦ 50′, of the second magni-tude, northern, the complexion of Mars and Mercury.

(12) Cancer: The Southern Dog (Sirius), in Cancer 0◦ 40′, of the first magnitude,southern, the complexion of Jupiter and a little of Mars.

(13) The Northern Dog, in Cancer 12◦ 10′, of the first magnitude, southern, thecomplexion of Mercury and a little of Mars.

(14) The Head of the Foremost Twin, in Cancer 6◦ 20′, of the second magnitude,northern, the complexion of Mercury.

(15) The Head of the Hindmost Twin, in Cancer 9◦ 40′, of the second magnitude,northern, the complexion of Mars.

(16) The Manger, in Cancer 23◦ 20′, nebulous, northern, the complexion of Marsand the Moon. Cutter.

(17) Leo: The Shoulder of the Lion, in Leo 15◦ 10′, of the second magnitude,northern, the complexion of Saturn and a little of Mars. Cutter.

(18) The Heart of the Lion, in Leo 16◦ 10′,11 of the first magnitude, northern, thecomplexion of Mars and a little of Jupiter. Cutter. But I think its complexion isreverse, i.e., Jupiter and a little of Mars and cutter. It is in the shoulder of Leoalthough it was not said so.

(19) Virgo: The Overturned, in Virgo 7◦ 30′, of the first magnitude, northern,the complexion of Saturn and Venus.

(20) Libra: The Armed Rising Star (Arcturus), in Libra 10◦ 0′, of the first mag-nitude, northern, the complexion of Mercury and Saturn.

(21) The bright star in the Crown, in Libra 27◦ 40′, of the second magnitude,northern, the complexion of Venus and Mercury.

(22) al-Simak al- ↪azal (Spica), in Libra 9◦ 40′, of the first magnitude, southern,the complexion of Venus and a little of Mercury.

(23) Scorpio: The Heart of the Scorpion, in Scorpio 25◦ 40′, of the second mag-nitude, southern, the complexion of Mars

11This should be 15◦30′. Kusyar’s source must have given the wrong longitude, and thus heconjectures another star is meant.

24 Part I Chapter 8

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53 J � I JK L M N�� O P Q � � M54 B om. � P R� S JT L M:U RVWX L M RY Z55

FJ om. [ L \ L M � P R56

B add. ] ^_S `57

BFJ om. RY Z RY a P T b cd[>ceN>f M:g�b>cd[>c58 J � � h `i RjkM59 JV � � Mf60 B U RV l f M

Translation I.8 25

and a little of Jupiter. Cutter.

(24) Sagittarius: That which follows the Sting of the Scorpio, in Sagittarius 14◦

10′, nebulous, southern, the complexion of the Sun and Mars. Cutter.

(25) The Eye of the Archer, in Sagittarius 28◦ 10′, nebulous, northern, the com-plexion of Saturn and Mercury. Cutter.

(26) Capricorn: The Falling Vulture, in Capricorn 0◦ 20′, of the first magnitude,northern, the complexion of Venus and Mercury.

(27) The Flying Vulture, in Capricorn 16◦ 50′, of the second magnitude, northern,the complexion of Mars and Jupiter.

(28) Aquarius: the Mouth of the Fish, in Aquarius 20◦ 0′, of the first magnitude,southern, the complexion of Saturn and Mercury.

(29) The Tail of the Cock called al-ridf, in Aquarius 22◦ 10′, of the second mag-nitude, northern, the complexion of Venus and Mercury.

(30) Pisces: The Shoulder of the Horse, in Pisces 15◦ 10′, of the second magnitude,northern, the complexion of Mars and Mercury. Cutter.

[5] We do not record the misfortunes which are caused from these stars inaccordance with the mixed nature of a planet or two planets. It is necessary tobeware of the harm when the prorogations arrive at them. The one whose courseis nearer to the zenith is most obvious in its impression upon this horizon.

26 Part I Chapter 9

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Translation I.9 27

Chapter Nine: On the Tropical Signs, Fixed Signs, and Bicorporeal

Signs1

[1] Aries and Libra are equinoctial signs because when the Sun is at the beginningof these two the day and night are equal in all the inhabited places. Aries is thevernal equinox and Libra is the autumnal equinox.

[2] Cancer and Capricorn are solstitial signs because when the Sun is at thebeginning of these two it changes from one direction to another in respect to thenorth and the south. Cancer is the summer solstice and Capricorn is the wintersolstice.

[3] These four signs are ‘tropical signs’, and they are followed by the (four)‘fixed signs’, namely: Taurus follows Aries, Leo follows Cancer, Scorpio followsLibra, and Aquarius follows Capricorn. The ‘bicorporeal’ signs follow the fixedsigns, namely: Gemini follows Taurus, Virgo follows Leo, Sagittarius follows Scor-pio, and Pisces follows Aquarius.

[4] Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Capricorn are tropical signs, Taurus, Leo,Scorpio, and Aquarius are fixed signs, and Gemini, Virgo, Sagittarius, and Piscesare bicorporeal signs.

[5] Aries, Taurus, and Gemini are of spring, Cancer, Leo, and Virgo are ofsummer, Libra, Scorpio, and Sagittarius are of autumn, and Capricorn, Aquarius,and Pisces are of winter.

1These are topics in Tetrabiblos I.11.

28 Part I Chapter 10–11

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Translation I.10–11 29

Chapter Ten: On the Masculine and Feminine Signs, and the Diurnal

and Nocturnal Signs1

The signs are arranged from Aries as masculine-diurnal and feminine-nocturnal,due to the union of the male with the female and the day with the night; andthey gave precedence to the male and the day, because the male and the dayare first in power and in what they offer. Six signs are masculine-diurnal and sixsigns are feminine-nocturnal. Masculinity and femininity may be produced by theascendant:2 the ascendant is made masculine and the second place feminine andso forth in this arrangement. Masculinity and femininity may be produced ac-cording to the quadrants: the quadrant from the ascendant to the tenth <place>and the quadrant opposite to it (i.e., from V to VII) are masculine and theremaining <two> quadrants are feminine.

Chapter Eleven: On the Natures of the Signs

The signs are arranged from Aries as fiery, earthy, airy, and watery and in thisorder. The three fiery signs are hot, dry, and of the nature of yellow bile. Theyare Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius. The earthy signs are cold, dry, and of the natureof black bile. They are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn. The three airy signs arehot, humid, and of the nature of blood. They are Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius.The three watery signs are cold, wet, and of the nature of phlegm. They areCancer, Scorpio, and Pisces. The fiery signs and airy signs are masculine anddiurnal, while the earthy signs and watery signs are feminine and nocturnal.3

1The contents of this chapter are identical with those in Tetrabiblos I.12.2This opinion is also reported in Tetrabiblos I.12.3Although the topic of this chapter is familiar to Ptolemy, he does not offer a separate

chapter on this topic. The contents can be summarized as:fiery � � � hot, dry yellow bileearthy � � � cold, dry black bileairy � � hot, humid bloodwatery � � cold, wet phlegm

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Translation I.12 31

Chapter Twelve: On the Signs and the Degrees Which Aspect Each

Other 1

[1] The signs and degrees which aspect each other: whenever the distance betweentwo (planets) is six signs, <namely,> one hundred and eighty degrees, this is thedistance of opposition. Whenever the distance between two (planets) is foursigns, <namely,> one hundred and twenty degrees, this is the distance of trine.Whenever the distance between two (planets) is three signs, <namely,> ninetydegrees, this is the distance of quartile. Whenever the distance between two(planets) is two signs, <namely,> sixty degrees, this is the distance of sextile.Opposition is contradictory and hostile, and quartile is likewise but less so. Trineis harmonious and friendly, and sextile is likewise but less so.

[2] There are degrees which take their place in aspect but without aspecting.They are those degrees which are of equal distance from one of the two equinoxes,like the degrees of Aries in progressive order and the degrees of Pisces in regressiveorder. And also those degrees whose distance from one of the two solstices areequal. They are equal in the length of the day, like the degrees of Cancer inprogressive order and the degrees of Gemini in regressive order.

[3] <The degrees which are> equal in ascension: the degrees of Aries inprogressive order and the degrees of Pisces in regressive order; the degrees ofTaurus in progressive order and the degrees of Aquarius in regressive order; thedegrees of Gemini in progressive order and the degrees of Capricorn in regressiveorder; the degrees of Libra in progressive order and the degrees of Virgo in re-gressive order; the degrees of Scorpio in progressive order and the degrees of Leoin regressive order; the degrees of Sagittarius in progressive order and the degreesof Cancer in regressive order.

[4] <The degrees which are> equal in the length of the day: the degrees ofCancer in progressive order are <equal to> the degrees of Gemini in regressiveorder; the degrees of Leo in progressive order <to> the degrees of Taurus inregressive order; the degrees of Virgo in progressive order <to> the degrees ofAries in regressive order; the degrees of Capricorn in progressive order <to> thedegrees of Sagittarius in regressive order; the degrees of Aquarius

1The contents of [1] and [2] are from Tetrabiblos I.13, [3] and [5] from Tetrabiblos I.14, [4]from Tetrabiblos I. 15.

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Translation I.12 33

in progressive order <to> the degrees of Scorpio in regressive order; the degreesof Pisces in progressive order <to> the degrees of Libra in regressive order.

[5] The degrees which are from the beginning of Aries to the end of Virgoare called ‘high’2 because the day exceeds the night, while those which are fromthe beginning of Libra to the end of Pisces are called ‘low’3 because the nightexceeds the day.

Table of degrees which offers understanding of the correspondence

signs agreeing in ascension degrees signs agreeing in day-lengthcommon in course commanding / obedient4

Aries Pisces 1 29 Cancer Gemini2 283 274 265 25

Taurus Aquarius 6 24 Leo Taurus7 238 229 21

10 20

Gemini Capricorn 11 19 Virgo Aries12 1813 1714 1615 15

Libra Virgo 16 14 Capricorn Sagittarius17 1318 1219 1120 10

Scorpio Leo 21 9 Aquarius Scorpio22 823 724 625 5

Sagittarius Cancer 26 4 Pisces Libra27 328 229 130 0

2‘commanding’ in Robbins’ translation of Tetrabiblos I.14 (p. 75). The words, ‘commanding’(imra) and ‘obedient’ (mat. ı ↪) are found in the table.

3‘obedient’, in Tetrabiblos I.14 (p. 75).4Actually the six signs above are ‘commanding’ and the six below are ‘obedient’.

34 Part I Chapter 13–14

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F om. from here to the end of [1].14

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Translation I.13–14 35

Chapter Thirteen: On the Houses of the Planets 1

[1] Cancer and Leo correspond to the Moon and the Sun <respectively> in theirconditions. The two <signs> are as well closest among the signs to <our> zenith.Cancer was made the house of the Moon and Leo the house of the Sun. The twohouses of Saturn were put in opposition to the two houses of the two luminariesbecause they are contradictory to them in nature. Then to Jupiter which isbelow it in <its> sphere belong the two houses on both sides of the two housesof Saturn. Then to Mars which is below it belong the two houses on both sidesof the two houses of Jupiter. Then to Venus belong the two houses which arenext to the two houses of Mars. Then to Mercury belong the two houses whichare next to the two houses of Venus.

[2] Thus the two houses of Jupiter are situated in trine to the two lumi-naries and the two houses of Venus are in sextile to the two houses of the twoluminaries. The two houses of Saturn are in opposition to the two houses of thetwo luminaries. The two houses of Mars are in quartile to the two houses of thetwo luminaries. Because <a planet’s own> house is the place of peace, health,and welfare, people say that the opposite house is the place of detriment.

Chapter Fourteen: On the Exaltation of the Planets2

[1] People agree that the exaltation of the Sun is in nineteen degrees of Aries; theexaltation of the Moon is in three degrees of Taurus; the exaltation of Saturn isin twenty-one degrees of Libra; the exaltation of Jupiter is in fifteen degrees ofCancer; the exaltation of Mars in twenty-eight degrees of Capricorn; the exalta-tion of Venus is in twenty-seven degrees of Pisces; the exaltation of Mercury isin fifteen degrees of Virgo; the exaltation of the Head <of Dragon> is in threedegrees of Gemini; the exaltation of the Tail <of Dragon> is in two3 degrees ofSagittarius.

[2] The whole sign is the exaltation of the planet, but its power is in it<only> as long as <it is> within the number of degrees that make up its ‘body’.4

The exaltation is the place of greatness. They say that the opposite place isdejection and weakness.5

1Cf. Tetrabiblos I.17.2Cf. Tetrabiblos I.19. This chapter can be summarized in the form of a table:

Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury Head TailExalt. � 19◦ � 3◦ � 21◦ � 15◦ � 28◦ � 27◦ � 15◦ � 3◦ 2◦

Deject. � 19◦ 3◦ � 21◦ � 15◦ � 28◦ � 27◦ � 15◦ 3◦ � 2◦3According to BFJ, Sgittarius 3◦, which is standard.4For ‘body’ see 1.18.1. The Chinese translation gives detailed examples.5F’s addition : ‘The dejection is the fall and it is the place of harms, disasters, sorrow, and

36 Part I Chapter 15

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Translation I.15 37

Chapter Fifteen: On the Triplicities and their Lords 1

[1] The twelve signs are divided into four equilateral triangles. Each one of thetriplicities is of the nature of fire or earth or air or water. The inhabited part ofthe earth is divided into four parts. In latitude it is from the equator to sixty-sixdegrees <to the north>; in longitude from the remotest tract of the West to theremotest tract of the East is one hundred and eighty degrees of a circle of thesphere.

[2] The beginning of the inhabited part is taken sometimes from the CanaryIslands which are far away in the ocean and were populous in ancient times, whilesometimes it is taken from the coast of the ocean in the west. Between this viewand the first view is ten degrees of <a circle of> the sphere.

[3] The middle of the inhabited part is thirty-three degrees <in latitude>and ninety degrees <in> longitude. Of the places of which the latitude is less thanthirty-three degrees, if the longitude is less than ninety degrees it is south-west,and if it is greater than ninety degrees it is south-east. Of the places of whichthe latitude is more than thirty-three degrees, if the longitude is less than ninetydegrees it is north-west, and if it is greater than ninety degrees it is north-east.

[4] The first of the triplicities, which is fiery, is Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius,and its lord by day is the Sun and thereafter Jupiter, and by night Jupiter andthereafter the Sun, and their participant by day and night is Saturn, and thistriplicity belongs to the north-east quarter.

[5] The second triplicity, which is earthy, is Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn,and its lord by day is Venus and thereafter the Moon, and by night the Moonand thereafter Venus, and their participant by night and day is Mars and thistriplicity belongs to the south-east quarter.

confusion. The exaltation of the Head is in the three degrees of Sagittarius and the exaltationof the Tail is in the three degrees of Gemini. Their dejections are in the opposite places.’

1This chapter is from Tetrabiblos I.18. The division of the earth into quarters is fromTetrabiblos II.3.

38 Part I Chapter 15

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V puts from here to the end of [8] in the margin and the additional text follows. See the text

at the end.

Translation I.15 39

[6] The third triplicity, which is airy, is Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius, andits lord by day is Saturn and thereafter Mercury, and by night Mercury andthereafter Saturn, and their participant by night and day is Jupiter, and thistriplicity belongs to the south-west quarter.

[7] The fourth triplicity, which is watery, is Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces, andits lord by day is Venus and thereafter Mars,2 and by night Mars and thereafterVenus3 and their participant by day and night is the Moon This triplicity belongsto the north-west quarter.4

[8] Let it be known that I personally do not recognize the participants whichare with the lords of the triplicities, and Ptolemy, the authority in judgmentsomitted them. But most people of this science in ancient times established them,but in the last triplicity they put Venus before Mars. The right way in accordancewith analogy (qiyas) is to put Mars first, but all the people agreed on puttingVenus first.

[9] The rising of Aries and Libra in the half of the inhabited part belongsto Aries, the Sun, and Saturn, while the setting of the two belongs to Libra, theMoon, and Mars. The half between rising and setting in the southern directionbelongs to Capricorn and Venus, and that in the northern direction belongs toCancer and Jupiter, and Mercury is the participant for each one of the planetsin this way.5

V’s addition:

<This is> according to what Ptolemy thought, because Venus has already taken the

first position in the earthy triplicity and because in the other triplicities <the lord>

is the lord of the fixed sign in the day, and this is the case when Mars is put first. So

Ptolemy gives this triplicity to Mars, then he says that Venus assists it by day and the

Moon by night. The saying of Ptolemy is more inclined to the right answer.

2BFJV (and Chinese tr.) ‘Mars and thereafter Venus’.3BFJV (and Chinese tr.) ‘Venus and thereafter Mars’.4The correspondence of the four triplicities, and their lords can be tabulated as:No. element house Lord (Assistant) quarter

day night day-nightI fire � � � � (� ) � (� ) (� ) north-eastII earth � � � � (� ) � (� ) (� ) south-eastIII air � � � (� ) � (� ) (� ) south-westIV water � � � (� ) � (� ) (� ) north-westIV′ � (� ) � (� ) (� )

Note: IV′ is ‘according to Ptolemy’ as V’s addition suggests. cf. Tetrabiblos II.35The meaning of this passage is not clear.

40 Part I Chapter 16

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Translation I.16 41

Chapter Sixteen: On Terms1

[1] The terms are among those things on which opinions differ. Each people hasa variety of terms. Concerning the assignment of the terms they all assigned theterms to Jupiter in place of the Sun and the terms to Venus in place of the Moon,giving no role to the two <luminaries>.

[2] Each one of the men of this art <of astrology> adheres to the terms ofa people according to their reputation, namely, the terms of Ptolemy, the termsof the Egyptians, the terms of the Indians, and the terms of the Chaldeans.

[3] As for the terms of Ptolemy, Ptolemy does not ascribe it to himself, buthe says “I found the terms at the end of an old book”.2 He allowed that theterms of the Egyptians are these terms, and he reported something about theirregularity which is not discarded by investigators.

[4] As for the terms of the Egyptians, men of this art agreed on them withoutbeing confident in them, and there is neither regularity nor system in them.

[5] As for the terms of the Indians and of the Chaldeans, both of themhave regularity because the terms of the Chaldeans are based on the triplicitiesand their lord, and the terms of the Indians are based on the masculinity andfemininity of the signs and planets. But the two <systems> are entirely obsoleteand neglected. Those who used one of them were frustrated because they foundthemselves isolated and deviating from the common view, having little confidencein what was an isolated view, and also because there was no way to verify eitherof the two.

[6] So let it be assumed that we first follow the common view: they are theterms of the Egyptians which are used in our time.

1This chapter is from Tetrabiblos I.20 and I.21.2Tetrabiblos 1.21.47.

Translation I.16 43

Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo

6 8 6 7 6 7Jupiter Venus Mercury Mars Jupiter Mercury

6 6 6 6 5 10Venus Mercury Jupiter Venus Venus Venus

8 8 5 6 7 4Mercury Jupiter Venus Mercury Saturn Jupiter

5 5 7 7 6 7Mars Saturn Mars Jupiter Mercury Mars

5 3 6 4 6 2Saturn Mars Saturn Saturn Mars Saturn

Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricorn Aquarius Pisces

6 7 12 7 7 12Saturn Mars Jupiter Mercury Mercury Venus

8 4 5 7 6 4Mercury Venus Venus Jupiter Venus Jupiter

7 8 4 8 7 3Jupiter Mercury Mercury Venus Jupiter Mercury

7 5 5 4 5 9Venus Jupiter Saturn Saturn Mars Mars

2 6 4 4 5 2Mars Saturn Mars Mars Saturn Saturn

[7] There are 360 degrees: for Saturn 57, for Jupiter 79, for Mars 66, forVenus 82, and for Mercury 76 (degrees).3

F’s addition:Then the Chaldeans made the beginning of each sign belong to the dirurnal lord of thetriplicity, then the nocturnal lord of the triplicity, then the diurnal lord of the second<triplicity>, then the nocturnal lord of the <second> triplicity, then the lord of thethird triplicity. They made the shares of the lord of the first division of the sign eightdegrees, the the lord of the second division seven degrees, the lord of the third divisionsix degrees, and of the fourth <division> five ...4

V’s addition:

The men of the art <of astrology> in ancient times agreed on using the Egyptian

terms, and that which is adapted by Ptolemy is the terms of the people also. But there

are variations in them. The terms of the Egyptians, on which the men of the art <of

astrology> agree, is used in our time.

3Cf. Tetrabiblos I.22.fn.1.4The text is very corrupt, but it seems that the five numbers 8,7,6,5,4 are assigned to the

five divisions. According to K. Yamamoto’s personal communication, the word ‘irtifa ↪’ appearsin Abu Ma ↪sar’s Great Conjunction in the same context, but the meaning is not clear.

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Translation I.17 45

Chapter Seventeen: On the Domain, the Joy, the Dasturıya, and the

Dodecatemorion

[1] As for the domain, it is if a masculine diurnal planet is above the earth byday and below it by night, and if a feminine nocturnal planet is above the earthby night and below it by day.1

[2] As for the joy, it is if Mercury is in the ascendant and the Moon is inthe third place2 and Venus in the fifth, Mars in the sixth, the Sun in the ninth,Jupiter in the eleventh, and Saturn in the twelfth.3

[3] As for the dasturıya,4 it is when a planet is in one of its two houses andits distance from one of the two luminaries is the distance between the house ofthe luminary and the house of the planet in the same direction. For example,Venus is in Libra and the Sun is in Leo and the Moon is in Sagittarius; and againVenus is in Taurus and the Moon is in Cancer and the Sun is in Pisces. Ptolemycalls this method ‘confrontation’ and ‘illumination’ (al-inara).5

[4] Dasturıya among the common people: a planet is in its house or inits exaltation in a cardine and a planet is aspecting it from its house or in itsexaltation from a cardine. For example, Venus is in Libra in the ascendant andSaturn is in Capricorn, or Saturn is in Libra and Mars is in Capricorn.6 Whena planet is in one of the three configuration, i.e., domain, joy, or dasturıya, it ismost evident in effect and most powerful in influence.

[5] As for dodecatemoria, it is looking at the degrees of a planet in its sign(i.e., where the planet is). Then twelve degrees are taken for each degree andtwelve minutes for each minute, and what is obtained from the degrees of theplanet is cast out from the zodiacal sign of the planet

1Cf. Abu Ma ↪sar, Abbreviation 3.3.2For the technical use of ‘place’, see 1.20.3The wording of this sentence is exactly the same as that of Abu Ma ↪sar, Abbreviation

1.121.4For this Persian word, see Tafhım 486. Wright explains it as ‘position of authority’.5Cf. Tetrabiblos I.23.6In the first example, Venus is in one of its own houses (i.e., Libra), and its distance from

the Sun, i.e., two signs, is equal to the Moon’s distance from Libra. In the Second example,Venus is in in the other of its houses (Taurus) and its distance from the Sun in Pisces, whichis two signs, is equal to the Moon’s distance from Taurus.

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Translation I.17 47

thirty by thirty degrees. Then count the number <of signs>, and here (i.e. wherethe counting is exhausted) is the dodecatemorion of this planet.7

[6] Example: The ascendant is twenty-six degrees and fifteen minutes ofSagittarius. We multiply these degrees and minutes by twelve, and three hundredfifteen degrees are obtained. When we throw away thirty for Sagittarius and thirtyfor those signs which are after it, the dodecatemorion of the ascendant falls onfifteen degrees of Libra.8

[7] In this way the dodecatemorion of houses and of planets is obtained.When a planet is in the dodecatemorion of <another> planet, it (the former) isin application with it (the latter). When it (a planet) is in the dodecatemorionof a house in the diagram of the horoscope, it is the same as when it is situatedin this house. By the kindness and favour of God.9

[8] The signs and degrees facing the degrees are taken, and the degrees andminutes facing the minutes are taken. Then we add the resulting <number ofsigns> to the number of the sign of the planet, and what is obtained is the signof the place of the docecatemoria of the planet.

7For a similar definition of the dodecatemorion, see Abbreviation 4.32.8Since the ascendant is in Sagittarius 26◦15′,

26◦15′ × 12 = 315◦

315◦ = 10 × 30◦ + 15◦.Therefore the dodecatemorion of the ascendant is at the 15◦ of the 11th signs from Sagittarius,i.e., Libra.

9V adds ‘I have put a table concerning this concept so that it would be easy for us to getit.’

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Translation I.17 49

Table of dodecatemoria

degrees signs degrees minutes degrees minutes minutes degrees minutes

1 0 12 1 0 12 31 6 122 0 24 2 0 24 32 6 243 1 6 3 0 36 33 6 364 1 18 4 0 48 34 6 485 2 0 5 1 0 35 7 06 2 12 6 1 12 36 7 127 2 24 7 1 24 37 7 248 3 6 8 1 36 38 7 369 3 18 9 1 48 39 7 48

10 4 0 10 2 0 40 8 011 4 12 11 2 12 41 8 1212 4 24 12 2 24 42 8 2413 5 6 13 2 36 43 8 3614 5 18 14 2 48 44 8 4815 6 0 15 3 0 45 9 016 6 12 16 3 12 46 9 1217 6 24 17 3 24 47 9 2418 7 6 18 3 36 48 9 3619 7 18 19 3 48 49 9 4820 8 0 20 4 0 50 10 021 8 12 21 4 12 51 10 1222 8 24 22 4 24 52 10 2423 9 6 23 4 36 53 10 3624 9 18 24 4 48 54 10 4825 10 0 25 5 0 55 11 026 10 12 26 5 12 56 11 1227 10 24 27 5 24 57 11 2428 11 6 28 5 36 58 11 3629 11 18 29 5 48 59 11 4830 12 0 30 6 0 60 12 0

50 Part I Chapter 18

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Translation I.18 51

Chapter Eighteen: On Application, Separation, Reception, and Returning1

[1] The 3application of planets to each other in longitude is from eight places:conjunction, opposition, the two quartiles, the two sextiles, and the two trines.The number of degrees from which application begins is called ‘body’; they arefifteen degrees for the Sun, twelve degrees for the Moon, nine degrees for each oneof the superior planets, and seven degrees for both Venus and Mercury. But thereis a disagreement about Mars, and it is said that its ‘body’ is eight degrees.2

[2] When a planet (A)3 approaches <another> planet (B) wishing to applyto it, then if the distance between the two is the same as half of the <sum of> thetwo bodies, it is the beginning of its (A’s) application to it (B). If <the distance>between the two is the same as the body of the smaller of the two, then it is in thestronger <part> of its application. If <the longitudes of> the two <planets>are equal in degrees and minutes, then it has completed its application. If it haspassed over by one minute, then it has ‘separated’ from it, but it is <still> in itspower and authority until it passes over by half of <the sum of> the two bodiesor <until> it encounters another planet (C) which intends to go into applicationto it (B) on the condition which was described. The other applications andseparations are analogous to this.

[3] As for application in latitude,4 we do not need it except in conjunction,where the beginning of the application <in latitude> is just like its beginningin longitude, and its termination is just like its termination <in longitude>,according to what was said before concerning application in longitude, by theamount of the bodies, and by what is taken into consideration about application.The existence of two planets in two degrees which are equal in their ascension orin

1The topics of this chapter are discussed more in detail by Abu Ma ↪sar in his Abbreviation,chapter 3. The English equivalents of the technical terms in the present translation are mostlyborrowed from those of the Abbreviation. See also Tetrabiblos I.24.

2The degrees of ‘body’ of planets can be tabulated as:

Sun Moon Saturn Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury15 12 9 9 9 7 7

As Kusyar says, there is an opinion that Mars’ body is 8 degrees.3I have supplied A, B, C to facilitate understanding.4See Abbreviation 3.15

52 Part I Chapter 18

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Translation I.18 53

two degrees which are in agreement in the length of daylight is as we have saidin the twelfth chapter.5

[4] Another kind of application is called ‘translation’ (naql).6 It is when aplanet (A) separates from one (B) of two planets and applies to the other (C) ofthe two, and this planet (A) transfers the light of one of the two to the other.Example: Mars (B) is in Aries and Jupiter (C) is in Virgo, and Venus (A) inGemini separates from Mars and applies to Jupiter, and Venus transfers the lightof Mars to Jupiter and the application of Mars to Jupiter takes place.

[5] Another kind of application is called ‘collection’ (jam ↪).7 It is when twoplanets (A,B) together apply to another planet (C) and this planet (C) ‘collects’the light of the two. Example: Mars is in Aries and Jupiter is in Virgo, and thetwo apply to Saturn in Gemini, then Saturn ‘collects’ the light of the two, andthe application of Mars to Jupiter takes place.

[6] Among applications are ‘reception’ and ‘returning’. ‘Reception’8 is if aplanet (A) applies to a planet (B) from the house of the receiver (B), I mean,<the house of the planet (B)> to which it applies, or from its (B’s) exaltation, orfrom its triplicity or from its term entirely, then it (A) is received by the receivingplanet (B). If it (A) applies to it (B) from its own shares as we have said, this(A) is received by the receiving planet (B), although it is inferior to the firstreception. When the planet (A) is in those shares which we have said, and if itdoes not apply to a planet which is received in its place, and when it is in noneof its shares, it is ‘alien’.9

[7] ‘Returning’10 is when a planet (A) applies to a planet (B) which is inretrogradation or which is combust, then it (B) cannot receive its applicationand returns it. If it (B) is in retrogradation in one of the shares or in one ofthe cardines, then this returning is a favorable returning. If the retrograding<planet> is western in its position or in cadent places or in those succedent fromthe cardines, then the returning is a rotten returning.

5See the table in chapter 12.6See Abbreviation 3.23.7See Abbreviation 3.25.8See Abbreviation 3.52.9garıb, the sign which has no share.

10See Abbreviation 3.35.

54 Part I Chapter 19

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Translation I.19 55

Chapter Nineteen: On the Powers of the Planets and their Rulership

over Each Other

[1] The powers of the planets <of which there are three kinds>: <1> the essential,<2> the accidental, and <3> the beneficial.

[2] The essential power is if a planet is in one of its shares. The mostpowerful of the shares is the house, then the exaltation, then the triplicity, thenthe term, and then the decan. This is speaking generally. When we ask about thereport of authority and rank, the exaltation is more influential in this query thanthe house, and likewise <for the other queries>. It is because when a planetis in its own house, it is like a man in his castle and in his place of security;when it is in its exaltation, it is like a man in his power, honor, kingship, andrulership; when it is in its triplicity, it is like a man among his guards, helpers,and associates; when it is in its term, it is like a man among his relatives and hiskinfolk; when it is in its decan, it is like a man in his village; when it is in its‘joy’ (farah. ), it is like a man in his recreation ground and gaiety; when it is in its‘domain’ (h. ayyiz), it is like a man among his acquaintances and friends.

[3] Also among the essential powers is <the planet’s> ascent in the orb ofits apogee (i.e. eccentric circle). This is when there are ninety degrees or less thanthat between it (the planet) and its apogee in the direct order, on the conditionthat <1> the motion is swift and progressive, <2> <the planet is> easterly, and<3> ascending to the north in latitude.

[4] The accidental power is if the planets are in one of the cardines or itssuccedents. The most powerful of them is the ascendant, then the tenth place,them the seventh, then the fourth, then the eleventh, then the fifth, then theninth, then the third, then the second, and then the eighth. The sixth andthe twelfth are not considered <as powerful>. Again this is speaking generally,because when we ask about the connection with authority or what is similar toit, the tenth place is more powerful in this query than the ascendant, and in thisway <in the other queries>.

[5] If a planet is in its domain and if it is in its joy and beneficence and ifthe planet applies

56 Part I Chapter 19

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Translation I.19 57

to <another> benefic planet or the latter applies to it (the former) with reception,and if <the benefic planet is> surrounding it in its sign either from the secondor the twelfth sign, then the planets are made benefic and powerful in essenceand by accident. The planet which collects the most of these powers gives itspossessor1 a big kingdom or powerful prophetship. When it is contrary to this,it gives its possessor meanness and lowness until it drives him out of the realmof his people to the state of a beast who has no significance.

[6] When we consider the power of the body, its health, and the spiritualpowers which are intelligence, judgment, liberality of view and, in general, what-ever is good of internal qualities, then we look at the essential powers. Whenwe ask about high rank, authority, honour, and reputation, then we look at theaccidental powers. When we consider property, prosperity, good condition, andin general, whatever is good of external qualities, then we look at the decans ofthe benefic planets about which we have said.

[7] As for the superiority of the planets over each other, it is when a planet(A) is in the tenth <sign> from <another> planet (B) and also in the eleventh,except that it (A) is not in the tenth place or the distance of the planet (A) fromthe degree of the orb of its epicycle is less than the distance of the other planet(B). This knowledge is <obtained> from Zıjes.

1‘its possessor’ (s. ah. ib-hu) is the person who pertains to the planet.

58 Part I Chapter 20

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Translation I.20 59

Chapter Twenty: On the Indications of the Places of the Sphere and

the Positions of the Planets in them1

[1] The ascendant indicates the power by which one brings forth, completes, and

perfects an intended object and an undertaken matter. It is said to be the placeof life and soul.

[2] The second place indicates <the native’s> growth, his power, his ex-pansion of things which are in conformity with him. It is said to be the place ofproperty, living, support, and the reception of conditions and things.

[3] The third place indicates things which are fitting, suitable, and helpfulto him. It is said to be the place of brothers, sisters, relatives, sons in law, shorttrips, and movements from one place to another.

[4] The fourth place indicates the origin from which this beginning is broughtforth. It is said to be the place of fathers, grandfathers, chiefs of the members ofthe house, kings, estates, and the end of things.

[5] The fifth place indicates independence of status. It is said to be the placeof children, messengers, news, gifts, crops of landed estates, landed property, food,and drink.

[6] The sixth place indicates his damages, illnesses, and obstacles whichattack him. It is said to be the place of damages, illnesses, slaves, and femaleslaves.

[7] The seventh place indicates what opposes him in power and what as-sociates with him and antagonizes him. It is said to be the place of opponents,wives, husbands, and partners.

[8] The eighth place indicates his destruction and his failure. It is said to bethe place of fear, death, inheritance, the property of wives, affliction, and sadness.

1Ptolemy pays little attention to the twelve places beginning with the ascendant. For thetopic of this chapter, see Abu Ma ↪sar’s Abbreviation 1.106–120, and Al-Bıruni’s Tafhım, section462.

60 Part I Chapter 20

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�!���� � �� [11]

� � :����� ;����<��� �� �&3�/(��� ;�=� %��

�!���� �� ������ ���� �� ���

3 � ��� 26 &� � �/�� �2� ���� ���>? �������� %-6� ��

@ �A�� � �!���� � �� [12]G13b

28 �0� ��������, �(��� �� B� (���

'C(��� D $ /��� 27 ;� ��E��� '#� ���F���� ;�������

;������ �!���� �� �%� � 29 ��G � 3��� %-6� ����� � 0� ��� � � ��

� �0 ���� � � & �� �� � �%H 3 ���� [13]

I��� ���� ��� ���� 31 �J /�� �!���� I3�(�� 30� ��K89 � �!���� �� �(�� ��G

� ����� � �G � 3�� !� H L������ ��� � /M=�

�� NO�P��

� �0 ���� � � &�� '2 !� H� L��

��� 2 ��2�� � [14]

Q� 3 '2 %-6� ��@ �A�� � �!���� � � ��

� 1 � 32RS3 TM = '2 %A#H�� �� U�

��� � ��� �!���� � � �0�=� S3 '#��� �V�� � ���� %C��� � ���W �� �

��S � ��� 34 �!���� � � Q�

3 ��� 1 � 33RS3 TM = '2

�X���� ��G � 3��� �!���� � �

37 ���� %C��� � %#�� 36 ���

����/�� �1W� 35 �� Y%��� ��� I��� ���� '� ���/�� 1

� ������

23J������ ��

�24J add. J�/���25

G om.�0�12

����� ; V add. 0� ��K89 �

26BJ ���3� � ��

27BFJV

'#���F���� ;� ��E��� instead of ;� ��E��� '#�

��F����28

J add. % ��789 �29

J add.�!����

30J add.�!���� � �

31F add. D���� �!���� %-.�/���

32BJV

�0�=� S333

BJV�0�=� S3

34J add. %-6� ��BA� � �0 ���� � � %�� �� I��� ���� Z� �U

��� ; V add.

�0 ���� � � %�� �� I��� ���� &�� Z� ��

%-6� ��BA����

35JV �[\36FJ om. ��� ���/��37B

�& ��789 �

Translation I.20 61

[9] The ninth place indicates change in his conditions and exchange of places.It is said to be the place of travelling, religion, prophecy, opinion, and judgment.

[10] The tenth place indicates his victory and his power. It is said to be theplace of authority, activities, and mothers.

[11] The eleventh place indicates his friendship, his sociability, and his will-ingness. It is said to be the place of hope, happiness, friends, and neighbors.

[12] The twelfth place indicates his inconsistencies and what contradictshim and what harms him. It is said to be the place of enemies, opponents,misfortunes, griefs, imprisonment, captivity, meanness, and riding animals.

[13] We have described the powers of these places in the nineteenth chapter.If the place is the fourth it is the place of fathers, <if it is> seventh the place ofdiligence, <if it is> sixth the place of sadness, and so on by analogy to this.

[14] As for the position of the planets in these places, people agree that if<the distance> between a planet and the degrees of the place in the direction<of signs> is more than five degrees it is in the twelfth sign from this place, andif it is less than five degrees it is in this place. Proof is needed for this opinion,otherwise it is far from being deducible. I have no reason to accept it withouttesting.

62 Part I Chapter 21

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�!��.

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; F�G��� ����� C% 12� �� )�R$� I��4�� S� % <���& [3]

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; 14 ����� C% � �� ����� ��; ���@���

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;

1BV om. from here to �� �$456� ; J om. from here to �9�:��&�

2F"#�$������

3J om. > ��4F

�>� ����5B add. � �> �.� �Y��6J om. )�����7BV ZLL �8BFJV add. '���9BF

"#���LL�� "#���LL�� ; V"#���LL��

10F [ �� ; instead of N� �9 ; %���� ; V add. \%�&

11V add. 3�+,-�� )���� / �2 ����

12F in abjad in this context.

13B�EOC% "��� �� �T

.�� � ; F

�>OC% 0 ; J�>OC% "��� �� Q��@��

14B�>OC% � �� FP � �M#�56� ; F

�>OC% >�� ; J�>OC% � �� FP �

15V�>�P �

16V >��$� � �%U17F

����� C%18JV

I$��;

19FV"#���LL��

20BFJV om.

21FV"#���LL��

22BFJV om.

23V om. �24V ��

; ; F "& 'C% instead of "& ����� C%

Translation I.21 63

Chapter Twenty One: On Lots 1

[1] The lot is an indicator extracted from two indicators which indicate one thingjust as the twelve places do, and we use it instead of them. It is one of <thethings> indicating a desired object. The lots based on this method are many,but the powerful one which we cannot dispense with is the lot of fortune whichis the indicator of property and happiness, and the lot of the absent which is theindicator of opinion, religion, and the foretelling of things before their existence.

[2] The lot of fortune2 is taken from the Sun to the Moon by day andfrom the Moon to the Sun by night, and <the degrees> are cast out from theascendant. Its computation: when we take the <distance> between the Sun andthe Moon by day in the direct direction and by night in the opposite direction,we add to it the degrees of the ascendant, and thirty <degrees> are cast out fromthe ascendant <for each sign>, and then we count the number <of the degrees>,then the lot of fortune is found there.

[3] Example of it: The ascendant is ten degrees in Aries, the Sun is fifteendegrees in Sagittarius, and the Moon is ten degrees in Aquarius. Then there arefifty-five degrees between the the Sun and the Moon in the direct direction andwe add to it the degrees of the ascendant; then sixty-five degrees are obtained.Then we throw away thirty degrees for Aries and thirty degrees for Taurus, andwhat remains is five degrees of Gemini. This is the place of the lot of fortune inthis example.3

1The lots are not mentioned by Ptolemy, although the scribe of G ascribes some theory toPtolemy according to the information from Abu Ma ↪sar, as he puts in the gloss on [11] (seebelow). For Abu Ma ↪sar’s lots, see Abbreviation Chapter 6 and the list of lots on page 170.The full variety of lots are found in Al-Bırunı’s Tafhım 475–480. He lists 97 kinds of lots, andadds 11 + 8 + 24 + 18 = 61 other lots.

2Cf. Abbreviation 6.3; Tafhım 475.3Aquarius 10◦− Sagittarius 15◦ = 55◦.

Aries 10◦ + 55◦ = Aries 65◦ = Gemini 5◦.BFJ give different examples, but the result is the same:B (and Chinese tr.): Ascendant in Aries 10◦, Sun in Leo 20◦, Moon in Libra 15◦.FJ: Ascendant in Aries 10◦, Sun in Sagittarius 20◦, Moon in Aquarius 15◦.

64 Part I Chapter 21

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�� �,�� 32 �7��

�� .���8�� &� �9 31 �����# [6]

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�� �# �� �,

�� <��

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�� =�=��

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41 � �'��>? (�)��� # � ������ � ��� &��'�� ����

��&AB�� ��� 40��� ������.�==� !��"# [7]

� ������ � ��� &��'�� ���� ���%� ��� 42 � �C,� (�)� �# ��� ��� < ��

�==�# ���� �� !��"# [8]

<� �3)�# 43� ������ � ��� ��&AB�� ���� ����� ��� (�)� �# ��� ����� D�,� &�� EFG#B

� !��"# [9]

45 �H��I $��%�� ��� 2�')# � ���

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!��"# 46J&KL� !��"# ����� !��"# ���M=�=� !��"# D�KL� !��" (N�� .���8�� &� �9 ���

��# [10]

25G om. # $��%�� ; J # $��%�� ���26

V om. *27

B add. ���28

F 4� �� *++ �, ��� instead of � ������ � *++ �, ; JV (�)��� # ����� ��

�� &��'�� ��� ��� �����

&��'�� ���� ����� ��� instead of � ������ � � � � �� �,�� �

29B �� ���

30V add. �&1 ��31

BV ���� ��

32BJ � ����

�� ; V � ���� O� ���� instead of

�7����

33BFJV add. (�)� �#

34J om.�-3�� � � ����

35G 2�'��36

Hereafter V’s variants are too many to be noted.

37B �# �� �,�� and om. �:;

�� ; J �# �� �,

�� �:;

�� instead of �:;

�� �# �� �,�

38B om. � ������ � ���

39F 4� �� ; B ����� ���� (,@ ��� instead of � ������ � *++ �, ��� � �'��>?

40B puts ��� ����� after � ���

��� �41BFJ � ���

��� � *++ �, ���42BFJ om.

43BFJ om. � ���

��� � ����

44B ��� &��'�� ������&AB�� ��� (�)� �# ��� ����� : F � ���

��� � ��� ����� P����&AB�� ��� :

J ��� &��'�� ������&AB�� ��� instead of *++ �, ��

��

45BFJ $��%�� ��� �H�I instead of �H�I $��%�� ���46B om. J&KL� !��"

Translation I.21 65

[4] The distance between the ascendant and the lot of fortune is in the directdirection. By day it is same as the distance between the Sun and the Moon; bynight it is same as the distance between the Moon and the Sun.

[5] The lot of the absent:4 <The distance> between the Moon and the Sunby day in the direction <of the signs> and by night in the opposite direction istaken, and it is cast out from the ascendant as was the preceding case with thelot of fortune.

[6] As for the rest of the lots, they are taken from the lord of the place tothe place <itself> by day <and by night> in the direction <of the signs>, andwhat is sufficient is cast out from the ascendant, except that the lot of fathers5

is taken also by day from the Sun to Saturn in the direction <of the signs> andby night it is opposite, <namely> in the opposite direction.

[7] The lot of the mother6 by day is from Venus to the Moon in the direction<of the signs> and by night in the opposite <direction>.

[8] The lot of slaves and female slaves both by day and by night is fromMercury to the Moon in the direction <of the signs>.

[9] The lot of marriage7 of men by day and by night is from the Sun toVenus in the direction <of the signs>, and <the lot of marriage> of women is inthe opposite <direction>, and it is cast out from the ascendant in both cases.

[10] As for the rest of the lots, such as the lot of wealth, the lot of brothers,the lot of children, the lot of illnesses, the lot of

4Cf. Abbreviation 6.3.5Cf. Abbreviation 6.17.6Cf. Abbreviation 6.51.7Cf. Abbreviation 6.31 (men) and 32 (women).

66 Part I Chapter 22

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(+� /�� ���� � � �� � G� 57(H8:; � � ��= �

�� �IJD�K�� "LH ��� 56 6+� =���

�� 6

�� �A� ="5L'

� ��

61 �4�.�� �6 �+ 5��� 60 �K �5+ � 59������ �65

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�� �K Q � �3�� ���� � � 65�� � G' 2� �3 R�H 64 �6�A� �

�� 638= 62 ��:;� [2]G14b

S����� 67 4"L+� ��+� � ���� � +� =���

�� �43 ��P ="5L'

� �� 66 T

��Q �9�3 ��1�� 4 ��= (!IJ�D �UV5D �9�3 ��P

69 ��� � ,8�$:; +� >8BJD ��

�4"L5'�43 ��P (� (7�"�� �� '8W��� 68 6'/ XE

�43 ��1�� ��� 6 �� 9� "

�#+��L����#�:;� �8��

47B �� ��"����� instead of � ������� ����� � ����

��� �

48J ���� %&' instead of ���� � ����� ; B add.�� �.�8+

49BFJ om.

50BJ add. 2� �351F add. �,�8�� +�52J add. T�Q53B Y��#�+ %&' and ends this chapter. F puts [11] before [10].

54J ends this chapter here.

55J�98+� ��� ���+� � instead of Z�8� ��� (H8� ���

56B 6+� �,�

�� ; V

�6+� =�����

57JV (H�8:;�58JV add.

�9�3 ��P59

FGV �,�����

60BFV��L �5+ �

61B �.�� , also in the next case.

62B ��:; �

��

63BV om.

64F add. 2� �3

65BV add. 2� �3 ; V �� � G

�� R�H 2� �3 instead of �� � G' 2��3 R�H

66BFJV om. T�Q67J om. �68BJV om. from here to

��L���#�:;�69F ���

Translation I.21–22 67

the journey, the lot of work, the lot of friends, and the lot of enemies,8 theyare, according to what we have said, from the lord of the place indicating thismatter to the place <itself>, both by day and by night, and it is cast out fromthe ascendant just as we have said concerning the lot of fortune.

[11] The lot of death is taken both by night and by day from the degree ofthe Moon to the degree of the eighth place and is added to the degree of Saturn,and what results here is the lot of death.9

Chapter Twenty Two: On the Investigation of the Planet having Mas-

tery over the Place among the Places of the Orb

[1] When we search the <planet> having mastery over a house among the housesof the <zodiacal> circle,10 we pay attention to the possessors of the shares inthis house, and the richest of them in shares in this <house> is the foremost ofthem in it (i.e., mastery). It is not wrong to posit for the lord of the house fourwitnesses in this place; for the lord of the exaltation three witnesses; for the firstlord of the triplicity two, for the second <the lord of the triplicity> one, and forthe lord of the term one.11

[2] Some <lords> have twice as many witnesses, like the lord of the housewho, when he is in his own place, has eight witnesses.12 Then all these witnessesare added together, and the richest of them in witnesses is the foremost of them(i.e., planets) in this house and its organization.13 The one which is next to itin respect to the witnesses assists it. A retrograding planet, <even though> richin witnesses, is not entitled to be master according to the saying of the ancients.

8All these lots are found in the Abbreviation : lot of wealth: 6.14; brothers: 6.15–16;children: 6.22; illnesses: 6.28; journey: 6.42–43; jobs: 6.21; friends: 6.53; enemies: 6.54–55.

9G adds in margin: “The opinion of Ptolemy concerning the lot of fortune and of the absentbased on the record of Abu Ma ↪sar was reported in this book. As for Abu Rayh. an (al-Bırunı),he has recorded in his Tafhım that Ptolemy has used only the lot of fortune and nothing else.Abu Ma ↪sar said that the lot of the absent by day is the haylaj just like the lot of fortune is byday, and that the lot of the absent in the night ascendants is stronger in influence than the lotof fortune in the night ascendants. The opinion of Ptolemy about the lot of fortune and of theabsent is that the lot of fortune is taken from the Sun to the Moon, and the lot of the absent istaken form the Moon to the Sun, and <the result> is taken from the ascendant.” Cf. Tafhım

476.10Thus ‘houses’(buyut) in the present context is to be understood as ‘signs’.11For the lord of the house, the exaltation, the triplicity, and the term, see 1.13, 1.14, 1.15,

and 1.16 and the tables, respectively.12For example, since Mars has already four witnesses in Aries, if Mars is located in Aries, it

obtains eight witnesses.13tadbır: this word seems to be a general expression of exaltation, triplicity, and term.

68 Part I Chapter 22

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72 ������ � �'( )**����+,,��� �-.�

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�� 78 ������ � 9:;�� �< �!"4 7�� =

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�.;12� 78 �����BM�

/���,, @A� /B12 82 �N =�;&�� �< �!"4 9O �3 �FI /��

�,, 9:;� ������ � ��!P� �H,,�

�� �� 81 ���3� �� �!"4 �FI

�>�� ��12 � �QRA �� 86 �<����� � �'( �� ����%12 85�� 6S ��

�� 84T����� ��H �'(� �< �!"4 7�� =

� 83 >�

�'(� >/U� � V��

������ >/U� ���+� 87<� ��� � ��!P� ���

�,,

70J om.

71J�� �!"#�

72B add.

�-.�8�����12 � ��( )**����+,, V0��%&� ,, WB�.012 �

� 7XB� �� ���� ;

J add.�-.�8�����12 ���� �'( �����+,,��� Y�ZA� ,, ��B.�E�

�� �!"4 7XB� �� ����73

J add. 5:�� �-874FJ >�75

F �H� ; V add. �[&��

76BJ >����?

77F >� instead of �F'��; BJV om. J

78J�����BM

79FGV

�>�� �� �E�� ; F puts >� here.

80V �� ��?

81J om.

82F > =�;&�� ; J �N =�\�83B �FI84F T�����85J <� ��� � ��H �-8 � ����6( �B�� �8 �'( 5:]�� instead of �� 6S ��

��86

J om.�<����� � �'( �� ��

��%1287J �:�^ > ���0��+ >/U� � instead of <� ��� � ��!P� ; V add. �_�� �'( >/U� � ; FJV end this chapter

here.

Translation I.22 69

[3] If two planets are equal in witnesses, then the lord of the place is theforemost in what it offers. The planet which is located in the house, <even>

with few witnesses, can claim mastery over the house.

[4] Examples of this: Aries ten degrees: Mars, the lord of the house, has fourwitnesses; the Sun, the lord of the exaltation, has three witnesses; it is <also> thefirst lord of the triplicity by day and thus it has two more witnesses; Jupiter, thesecond lord of the triplicity by day, has one witness; Venus, the lord of the term,has one witness. Thus the foremost of them in this place is the Sun, because ithas five witnesses. Mars assists the Sun because it has four witnesses.14 Thismethod is applied in the search for the planet having mastery over the places.We conclude the first maqala with this book.

14This example can be tabulated as:

number of witnesseslord of lord of lord of lord of lord ofhouse exaltation triplicity(1) triplicity(2) term total

4 3 2 1 1Mars ◦ 4Sun ◦ ◦ 5Jupiter ◦ 1Venus ◦ 1

70 Part II

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Translation II 71

Part II On the Judgment of the Things in the World in Twelve Chapters

1. Introduction to this Part2. On General Conditions of Generations of Men3. On the Happenings on the Earth and in the Sky4. On Riots and Wars5. On Diseases and Illnesses6. On Heat, Coldness, and Winds7. On Moisture and Rains8. On Prices9. On Eclipses10. On the Indications of the Conditions of the Sky11. On Conjunctions12. On the Periods according to the Belief of the Ancients

72 Part II Chapter 1

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Translation II.1 73

Chapter One: Introduction to this Part

[1] The conditions of the higher world indicate their corresponding things in thelower world: exaltation <in the higher world indicates> high rank <in the lowerworld>, dejection <in the higher world indicates> decline <in the lower world>,ascent <in the higher world indicates> rising <in the lower world>, descent<in the higher world indicates> fall <in the lower world>, the benefics <in thehigher world indicate> happiness <in the lower world>, a retrograde <planetin the higher world indicates> return and decrease <in the lower world>. Theother conditions in the planets are analogous to this. They are numerous and adiscussion concerning their enumeration and counting would be lengthy.

[2] The forms which are in the lower world are obedient to the forms be-longing to the <zodiacal> circle. Scorpions <on the earth> are obedient to thefigure of Scorpio, snakes <on the earth> are obedient to the figure of Hydra, wildlions <on the earth> are obedient to the figure of Leo, and so on. Because ofthis, the makers of talismans depicted them at <the time of> the planets’ arrivalin them for what they wanted and operated.

[3] When the ascendant of the year is a fixed sign, the judgment for thewhole year is according to it. When it is a bicorporeal sign, the judgment forthe second half of the year is according to the ascendant of the arrival of theSun at Libra. When it is a tropical sign, the judgment for each season is fromthe ascendant of the arrival of the Sun at the tropical sign. For this division,Aries belongs to the spring season, Cancer to the summer season, Libra to theautumnal season, and Capricorn to the winter season. Judgment about all theseis <made> in one and the same way.

[4] One may judge the religions and the dynasties whose beginning is notknown. Then the ascendant of the year when this religion and dynasty becamemanifest is their ascendant. The planets of it (i.e., the ascendant) are the plan-ets of them (i.e., the religion and dynasty). One may judge the conditions ofCaliphs and authorities in them (i.e., the religion and dynasty) from the ascen-dants of their nativities, or from the ascendants of their sitting on the throne ofthe kingdom, or from the ascendants of their entering into the city and rulership,

74 Part II Chapter 1–2

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Translation II.1–2 75

provided that nothing is known of what preceded <it>.

[5] The place of the Moon at its conjunction with the Sun and at its oppo-sition to it and at its quadrature with it are called their centers (marakiz).

[6] A benefic <planet> in retrogradation and in combustion is weakened inits beneficence, and a malefic planet received in its place ceases to give harm.

[7] The cardines indicate the power of a matter, its appearance and itscompletion. The succedents indicate what one hopes to exist, and it is moderatein appearance and power. The declines, that is, the cadents, indicate what haspassed away, obscurity, and hiddenness.

Chapter Two: On General Conditions of the Generations of Men

[1] It is known that the revolution (tah. wıl) of the year of the world is the arrivalof the Sun at the first second1 of Aries, and that the ascendant of this time isthe ascendant of the year and the ascendant of the revolution. The ascendant atthe Sun’s arrival at the initial points of the tropical signs2 is the ascendant ofthe <respective> season. We have described in the preceding <chapter>3 thatif the ascendant of the year is a fixed sign, the judgment for the whole year isaccording to it; if it is a bicorporeal sign, the judgment for the second half of theyear is from Libra; and if it is a tropical sign, the judgment for each season isfrom its ascendant.4

[2] The majority of the conditions of the year are based on the nature ofthe most powerful planet in the figure of the horoscope of the year. One shouldjudge for citizens from the ascendant, from the planet ruling over it, i.e., the lordof the year (salkhudah), and from the Moon; one should judge for authority fromthe Sun by day, from the Moon by night, and from the midheaven and its lordby day and night; one should judge for scribes, ministers, and governors fromMercury; for the people of piety, peace, and religion from Jupiter; for the peopleof a noble family and elder masters from Saturn; for the army and all weaponsfrom Mars; for women

1‘second’ (thaniya) here is, of course, a sexagesimal time unit and 1/60 of a minute (daqıqa).2I.e., two equinoxes and two solstices.3See 2.1.3.4Cf. 2.1.3.

76 Part II Chapter 2

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Translation II.2 77

and females from Venus; for messengers and possessors of mail, messages, andnews from the Moon.

[3] For each kind of men one should look at his planet; for his health of bodyand mind, safety, and peace <one should judge> from the essential power <of theplanet>; for his honor, dignity, and reputation from the accidental power;5 forthe condition of properties and happiness from the benefic and malefic <planets>;for the condition of properties of citizens and their profits in business from thesecond place, its lord, the lot of fortune, its lord, and from whatever drives thesetwo to the lord of the ascendant and the reception of each other.

[4] One should look at the Sun’s arrival at the first points of the tropicalsigns, and if the lord of the exaltation aspects the place of its exaltation, itindicates the greatness of the conditions of the people and the abundance of theirgoodness in this season.

[5] The lord of the lot of fortune, the lot of the absent, and the rulers of thetriplicities of the two — when these are in the places of perfection and aspect eachother with friendly aspect, they indicate every goodness; when it (the situation)is opposite from this, they indicate the opposite.

[6] The lot of the absent indicates the intention of the authority, his view,and his management: when the lot is good, then the conditions due to the au-thority are good; when the lot is bad, the conditions due to him are bad. Whena planet or two planets or more planets are found in the house of their exaltationand they have many shares in it, the travelling of the people is frequent in thisyear.

[7] The first clime belongs to Saturn, the second to the Sun, the third toMercury, the fourth to Jupiter, the fifth to Venus, the sixth to the Moon, andthe seventh to Mars. When the planets are good, the condition of the clime isgood. When they are corrupted, the condition of the clime is bad.

[8] When Mars aspects the Sun or the lord of the Sun’s house6 from thefiery signs with an aspect of enmity, a king who is hated comes from the easterndirection; <when it aspects> from the airy signs he (the king) comes from thewestern direction; <when it aspects> from the earthy signs, he comes from thesouthern direction; and <when it aspects> from the watery signs he comes fromthe northern direction.

5For the distinction of essential and accidental power, see 1.19.6I.e., the sign where the Sun is.

78 Part II Chapter 2

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Translation II.2 79

[9] The degree of the ascendant7 at the revolution and its planets are movedto the benefic and malefic <stars — at the rate of> fifty-nine minutes and eightseconds in a day.8 One should judge for him (the native) in what happens fromthe genre of the benefic or malefic <star> at which it (the degree) arrives.

[10] In the previous chapter the king and dynasty whose beginning is notknown was mentioned.9 Then the ascendant of the year when the dynasty andits ruler appeared, the Sun and the Moon are moved to the malefics and the‘cutters’ (qawati ↪) <at the rate of> one degree of <oblique> ascension in everyyear. When it arrives at one of the ‘cutters’, then the king of the <dynasty> orthe leader in it will die. The most powerful <planet> from among the indicatorsin the base <nativity> which we have mentioned is the one which is most manifestin its effect and most powerful.

[11] Whichever planet is in the sign of the intiha’ from the ascendant ofthe dynasty at the revolution of the year indicates the death of the importantpersons of it in accordance with the nature of the planet: when it is Saturn, thechief of the chiefs; when it is Jupiter, the minister or judge or scholar; when it isMars, the commander; when it is the Sun, the king; when it is Venus, his princes;when it is Mercury, the scribe; when it is the Moon, the people in the house ofthe king.

7For the details of ‘the degree of ascendant’ which plays a role similar to a star, see 3.20 and3.21 on tasyır.

8This rate, 59′8′′ per day, is the mean daily motion of the Sun, and mentioned in 3.20 asthe fifth tasyır.

9Cf. 2.1.4.

80 Part II Chapter 3

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Translation II.3 81

Chapter Three: On the Happenings on the Earth and in the Sky

[1] When Mars is in the tenth <place from> the ascendant at the revolution orin the tenth <place from> the ascendants of the quarters or in the tenth <placefrom> the ascendants of the conjunctions and oppositions, it causes conflagra-tions and meteors in the sky. If the sign is airy it is more certain in indication. IfMercury is in opposition to it or in conjunction with it, it is <still> more certain.If the Moon is made unfortunate by it (Mars),1 it is <still> more certain.

[2] Saturn, in the fourth place from one of the ascendants of the beginningswhich we have mentioned, indicates earthquakes and a lunar eclipse. If the signis earthy it is more certain in indication. If Mercury is in opposition to it or inconjunction with it, it is <still> more certain. If the Moon is made unfortunateby it (Saturn), it is <still> more certain.

[3] When each one of Mars and Saturn is rising in the orb of its apogee, itis more powerful concerning what happens in what we mentioned. As for Mars itconcerns the occurrence of meteors, and as for Saturn it concerns the occurrenceof earthquakes.

[4] Mars in the cardine of the earth (i.e., the fourth place), when the signis earthy while the benefics are cadent from it and Mercury is applying to it,indicates earthquakes, the appearance of conflagrations from the earth, the abun-dance of quakes, and the pollution of minerals.

[5] When the tenth <place from> the ascendant of the revolution or quartersor the conjunctions or the oppositions is airy and malefics or the Moon are in itand it (the Moon) is made unfortunate, then it indicates happenings which appearin the sky, like comets and the appearance of meteors and storms of stars. Whenthe fourth <place from> one of the ascendants of these beginnings is earthy andthe malefics or the Moon are in it and the Moon is made unfortunate, it indicatesearthquakes and a lunar eclipse.

1Supplied by the Chinese translation.

82 Part II Chapter 4

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Translation II.4 83

Chapter Four: On Riots and Wars

[1] The opposition of Mars and Saturn at the revolution indicates riots and wars,especially when it (the opposition) is at <one of> the cardines. The time con-cerning this is <the time of> Mars’ arrival at the cardine by the prorogation,1

or the <time> distance between one of the two and the cardine, or between thecardine and one of the two in direct direction, or <the time of> the arrival of theascendant of the revolution at one of the two, or at its quartile and its opposition— these are all at the rate of fifty-nine minutes and eight seconds per day.

[2] Mars’s being under the rays <of the Sun> at the revolution of the yearor at the <revolution of> the quarters, or the conjunctions and the oppositionsindicates riots and wars in this part <of the year>, especially when it (Mars) isin a cardine and the sign is tropical.

[3] When the revolution is by day and Mars is in quartile to the Sun or inopposition to it and when it is in a tropical sign, it indicates a raid of foreignersagainst the king.

[4] When Mars is the lord of the year and retrogrades in a corrupt or alienplace, and none of the benefics aspects it, there is a disturbance of enemies againstthe authority and the actions of wars.

[5] When Mars aspects the lot of fortune and the lot of the absent with ahostile aspect, it indicates killings and an abundance of thieves, riots, and wars.

[6] One is informed of the matter of wars by two lots. One of them is takenby day and night from the degree of the Sun to the degree of the descendantand is cast out from the ascendant. The other <lot> is taken by day and nightfrom Mars to the Moon and is cast out from the place of the Sun. When Marsis with one of these two lots at the revolution of the year or at the <revolutionof> the quarters or at conjunctions and oppositions, it indicates riots and wars,especially when Mars is in a fiery sign.

[7] These informe one of the matter of wars and riots also the sign of intiha’

from the ascendant of the nativity of the authority of the country

1For tasyır motion, see 2.2, 3.20, and 3.21. In the present case the motion is equal to themean solar motion.

84 Part II Chapter 4–5

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Translation II.4–5 85

and its midheaven, or from the ascendant of his sitting on the throne of thekingdom and its midheaven, or from the ascendant of his entering the city andrulership and its midheaven — if it is made unfortunate by Mars from a cardine,it indicates riots and wars and disorder. God knows best.

Chapter Five: On Disease and Illnesses

[1] The ascendant of the revolution and the ascendant of the conjunction andopposition which precede the revolution, the lords of the two <ascendants>, andthe Moon — these are the places by which one is informed of the condition ofthe year concerning disease and health. The peaceful condition of the majority ofthem indicates health, while their bad condition indicates disease and illnesses.The ascendants of the quarters and the ascendants of the conjunctions and op-positions which precede the quarters do likewise.

[2] The application of the lord of the ascendant of the revolution or of thequarter or the lord of the ascendant of the conjunction and opposition whichprecede the revolution or the quarter to the lord of the sixth place with thecorruption of the Moon indicates disease and illnesses. If the application is tothe lord of the eighth place with the corruption of the Moon, it indicates manydeaths. The varieties of diseases are in accordance with the nature of the injuriousplanet.

[3] Saturn indicates chronic diseases, consumption, catarrhs, dissolution,shaking fever, pains of the spleen, illness of flesh, dropsy, and, in general, thediseases which are caused by coldness.

86 Part II Chapter 5–6

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Translation II.5–6 87

[4] Jupiter indicates diphtheria, pneumonia, apoplexy, contraction of a mus-cle, headache, heart disease, and, in general, diseases which are caused by exces-sive wind.

[5] Mars indicates lasting fevers which occur every other day, pains of theliver and stomach, discharge of the blood, miscarriage, and, in general, the dis-eases which are caused by excessive heat.

[6] Venus indicates diseases of the buttocks and kidneys, pains which movequickly, fistula, the harm of medicine, and, in general, the diseases which arecaused by excessive moisture and its curruption.

[7] Mercury indicates insanity, loss of sense, melancholic black bile, and<fear of> falling,2 epilepsy, cough and vomiting, and, in general, the diseaseswhich are caused by the excessive dryness and corruption.

[8] The Sun’s influence resembles Mars’ influence, and the Moon’s influenceresembles Venus’ influence.

[9] When Saturn aspects the lot of fortune and the lot of the absent with ahostile aspect, it indicates many deaths from human diseases.3

Chapter Six: On Heat, Coldness, and Winds

[1] The separation of the Moon from a planet and its application to <another>planet whose house is in opposition to the house of the first planet: this is called‘the opening of the door’. This is like the Moon’s separation from one of the twoplanets, Mars and Venus, and its application to the other; also like its separationfrom one of the two planets, Jupiter and Mercury, and its application to theother; also like its separation from one

2Supplied by the Chinese translation.3As the Chinese translation indicates, ‘human diseases’ (amrad. rajlıya) means calamities

caused by men.

88 Part II Chapter 6

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Translation II.6 89

of the two planets, the Sun and Saturn and its application to the other. We takeinto consideration the Moon’s separation from Saturn <too>, since Capricorn4

is in opposition to Cancer.

[2] The airy signs, the Sun, Mercury, and Jupiter — they are signs andplanets of winds.

[3] Saturn at the revolution of the year in the fiery triplicity decreases heat,and Mars in it increases heat. Saturn in the earthy triplicity increases coldness,and Mars in it decreases coldness. Saturn in the airy triplicity decreases heat,and Mars in it increases heat. Saturn in the watery triplicity increases coldness,and Mars in it decreases coldness.

[4] The gathering of two or three planets of winds in the airy signs indicateswinds.

[5] When Mars aspects the airy signs or enters them at the revolution ofthe year or <the revolution of> the quarters or conjunctions or oppositions, itindicates strong winds together with a red <sky> and conflagration. If the sameis the case with Saturn, it indicates cold winds in which is a raging sound. Whenthe same is the case with Jupiter, it indicates good winds, but they are strongerthan the winds of Saturn. If the same is the case with Venus, it indicates pleasantwinds which we like. If the same is the case with Mercury, it indicates soft winds.The direction of the winds is the direction of the planet’s latitude.

[6] When the Sun arrives at Gemini <and> we observe the Moon’s arrivalat Sagittarius, the winds which blow most on such days indicate the winds ofthe <whole> year concerning their harm and goodness and their advantage anddisadvantage.

[7] Saturn in airy signs and in watery signs causes coldness, fog, ice, anda dark cloud. Mars in them causes heat, burning, hot winds, shortage of water,and dryness of springs. Jupiter in them causes

4The houses of the pairs Mars/Venus, Jupiter/Mercury, Sun/Saturn are in opposition. Sat-urn’s house (Capricorn) is in opposition to the Moon’s house (Cancer).

90 Part II Chapter 6

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Translation II.6 91

gentle and moist winds in the sky. Venus in them causes gentle and peacefulwinds. Mercury in them causes moderate winds which change quickly.

[8] When Mars is easterly at the Sun’s arrival at the sign of Cancer itindicates excessive heat. When Venus is easterly at the Sun’s arrival at the signof Capricorn it indicates excessive coldness.

[9] When the Moon separates from the body of Saturn in the earthy signs itindicates excessive coldness and the falling of snow in its time. When it separatesfrom opposition to Mars which is in a fiery sign, it indicates excessive heat in itstime.

[10] When the opening of the door is at the Moon’s being in one of the fourcenters,5 what it indicates is this: if it (i.e., opening) is from Mars and Venus,then moisture and rains; if it is from Saturn and the Sun, then heat at the timeof heat and coldness at the time of coldness; if it is from the Moon and Saturn,then coldness and rain at its time, and decrease of heat and mildness of the airat other times; if it is from Jupiter and Mercury, then winds. The four centersare what we mentioned in the introduction <of this Part>6

5I.e., new moon, full moon, and two quadratures, called ‘central places’ in 2.1.56This is referring to 2.1.5.

92 Part II Chapter 7

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Translation II.7 93

Chapter Seven: On Moisture and Rains

[1] The signs of rains are the watery signs1 and Leo and Aquarius. The planetsof rains are the Moon, Venus, and Mercury.

[2] When the lord of the ascendant of the year or the lord of the ascendantof the season of the year or the lord of the ascendant of the conjunction andthe opposition is one of the planets of rains and it is in a sign of rains, and theother two planets are aspecting it, then it indicates abundant rains in the time<of rain>. If it (the lord) is the Moon, there are floods and rains widely andexcessively. It it is Venus, there are rains, fogs, and darkness. If it is Mercury,there are few clouds, winds, and rains <in its time>, and in other times thereare darkness, winds, and dust with few rains.

[3] Mercury, especially when it moves from one sign to another, causesmovement in the sky at this time. When it moves slowly where there is agitationof the fog and darkness in the sky even if the Moon or Venus is in <one of> thesigns of rains in this <occasion>, there are violent changes, and the rain in itsproper time is long lasting.

[4] When the Moon applies to Venus from the house of Mercury, it agitatesfog and rain, especially if Mercury is with Venus.

[5] The arrival of the planets of rains in the signs of rains indicates abundantrains in its proper time and winds, darkness, and dust in a time other than thatof rain.

[6] When the Moon is in one of the four centers which were explained inthe introduction <of this Part>, and there is the opening of door,2 then thereare indications of rains and winds; if the opening of the door is from Jupiter andMercury, there are winds; if it is from Mars and Venus, there are moisture andrains; if it is from the Moon and Saturn, there are coldness and snows.

1I.e., Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces.2See 2.6.

94 Part II Chapter 7

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Translation II.7 95

[7] When there is an aspect or application or translation or collection3

among the lord of the ascendant of the conjunction and the opposition and thelord of the seventh place (i.e., descendant), and there is the opening of a door,then it indicates rain in its season if the time is that of rains; it indicates windsif the time is that of winds; it indicates heat if the time is that of heat; and itindicates coldness if the time is that of coldness.

[8] Venus’ westerliness at the time of rain indicates abundant rains; if it isin the sign of rains while one of the planets of rains aspects it, it increases rains;if these evidences are diminished, then it decreases the rains.

[9] When the majority of the planets gather in Pisces and in its triplicity,there are so many rains that it damages the world.

[10] The Moon has indications of the increase of water: among them are<1> if it is increasing in speed, <2> if it is near a conjunction or full moon, and<3> if it is rising in the orb of its apogee — this is from its first quadrature withthe Sun to opposition and from its second quadrature with it to conjunction —;if one of these conditions occurs at the time of the revolution of the year or at therevolution of the seasons or the conjunctions or the oppositions, and the Moonis between the ascendant and the midheaven or between the descendant and thecardine of the earth (i.e., the fourth place), then it indicates waters in that yearor season of the year or the conjunction or opposition. If the Moon is differentfrom these, it indicates the opposite.

[11] When the lord of the year of the world is Mars and the planets are‘pushing’4 to it from the signs of water, and Mars is in the midheaven or it isbetween the ascendant and the midheaven in a watery sign, then it indicatesexcessive increase of water, and this becomes worse when it is retrograde andmade unfortunate. Likewise is it when Saturn is in this peculiarity, i.e., when itis descending in the orb of its apogee. When Jupiter and Venus and the Moonare in this peculiarity they indicate the same except that they are less than it(Saturn) and weaker in harming.

3For ‘application’, ‘translation’, and ‘collection’, see 1.18.4For ‘pushing, see Abbreviation 3.34.

96 Part II Chapter 8

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Translation II.8 97

Chapter Eight: On Prices

[1] The indicators of fertility and barrenness are <1> the ascendant of the con-junction or the opposition which precedes the revolution <of the year> and whichprecedes the <revolution of> the seasons of the year, <2> its lord, and <3> theMoon. Likewise is the ascendant of each conjunction and opposition, but thatwhich precedes the revolution <of the year> or the season of the year is morepowerful.

[2] The earthy signs indicate the foods <which are obtained> from whatevergrows from the earth; the watery signs indicate plants and water; the fiery signsindicate silver and gold and precious stones; and the airy signs indicate slaves,female slaves, cattle, and sheep.

[3] Saturn indicates drugs and everything which is black. Jupiter indicateswheat, barley, rice, grain which we eat, sweets, and cotton. Venus shares with it(Jupiter) every one of these, and on its own possesses the indications of silver,jewelry, perfume, slaves, and female slaves. Mars indicates pungent grain, iron,and weapons. Mercury indicates gold, painted and dyed things which are nomore than the colours of dyes. The Moon shares with Venus, and the Sun shareswith Mercury. Whichever planet is powerful and ascending in its orbs and in thehorizon, namely, in the decan of the ascendant, makes higher and more expensivewhat it indicates. Whichever planet is weak and descending in its orbs and inthe horizon makes cheaper what it indicates.

[4] When Jupiter is in the ascendant, namely, the ascendant at the conjunc-tion or the opposition which we mentioned

98 Part II Chapter 8

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Translation II.8 99

previously, it has dignity (muza ↪ima).1 <If> the lord of the ascendant appliesto Jupiter or Venus and the lord of the fourth place is free from the malefics,and when the lord of the second place is good to the lord of the ascendant, thenthe year or the season of the year or the part of the month is fertile. If they areopposite, the case is opposite.

[5] When the Moon applies to Saturn after a conjunction or opposition, andSaturn is ascending in the orb of its apogee or the orb of its epicycle — this isafter the second station to the limit of a hundred and twenty2 days — it indicatesa high price. This is stronger when Mercury is mixed with Saturn. The thingswhich are expensive are <known> from the nature of the sign in which Saturnis — one of the earthy, watery, fiery, or airy signs.

[6] When the lord of the ascendant of the year is in one of the cardines andwhen it is increasing in motion, it indicates an increase of prices in this year. Thisis the case if the planets which are increasing in motion are in cardines. If it (thelord) is in the ascendant, it indicates an increase of prices from the beginning ofthe year to the first quarter of it; if it is in the midheaven, from the first quarterof the year to the middle; if it is in the seventh place (the descendant), from themiddle to the third quarter of the year; and if it is in the fourth place, from thethird quarter to the end of the year.

[7] The Moon or the lord of a conjunction or an opposition is powerful ifthey are in the ascendant or in the tenth place or the eleventh place or the fifthplace, and when it is received in its place and increasing in motion or when it isin its exaltation or

1Cf. Abbreviation 1.3, 3.3, and 3.49.2This is the time from second station till conjunction with the Sun.

100 Part II Chapter 8

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Translation II.8 101

when it is applying to a planet. Such conditions of it (the Moon) indicate a riseof prices. If it is in the seventh or fourth place or is applying to a planet in <oneof> these two, then it does not increase prices but <it increases> demand, whenit is recieved in its place. If it is not received, there is no demand; if it (the Moon)is in the ninth or third place and it is received, then prices decrease and tradeincreases; if there is no reception then prices increase and trade becomes dull.In general there are demand and trade because of reception, and high price andexpensiveness because of non-reception of the place. If the opposite is the casewith each one of these, then the price is opposite.

[8] Concerning the majority of prices: Jupiter indicates cheapness, especiallywhen it is weak in power and condition. Saturn indicates a high price, especiallywhen it is very powerful in condition and the power is from its ascending. Itsposition in the cardines indicates a high rise and expensiveness. Its position inits shares and reception indicates demand and trade.

[9] When the <planets> dominating the cardines of the ascendant of theyear or of the ascendant of <one of> the seasons of the year are powerful, namely,if they are ascending in their orbs, in the cardines, in their shares, there are ahigh price and expensiveness of what the planet indicates. If, with its power, itis swift in motion, it puts an end to the expensiveness. If it is slow in motion,the price is fixed in its <normal> state. If its motion is decreasing, the pricedecreases.

102 Part II Chapter 9

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Translation II.9 103

Chapter Nine: On Eclipses

[1] What are looked for concerning eclipses are of seven kinds. They are (1) inwhich countries <the eclipse> happens, (2) what is the extent of the time of itsinfluence, (3) when is the time for the maximum of its influence, (4) which planetis in charge of the eclipse, (5) of which types does it take charge, (6) from whichtypes does the influence occur, and (7) the partial increase or decrease of thehappenings.

[2] As for the countries, an eclipse gives influence to the countries whoseascendant is the sign of the eclipse or the triplicities of this sign. This is thething which one can hardly understand and comprehend, because the ascendantsof the foundings of cities are not known to us.

[3] When an eclipse occurs, we see look to the sign of the eclipse, to whichtriplicity it belongs, to which quarter of the earth this triplicity belongs, andwhich countries are known in this quarter. Then we tell the influence in thisquarter in a general way, then we classify them according as we look at countrieswhich are related to each sign since ancient times in books, and then we say thatthe influence is in one of those countries. Likewise we tell about the sign whichis the ascendant of the eclipse.

[4] The fiery triplicity, which is Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius,1 belongs to thequarter which is between east and north. Its countries are: the land of the Turksand two sides of Sas, Fargana, and Khwarizm, and the river of T. abaristan, thecountry of the Bulgars, Khazar, Rus, and Armenia.2

[5] The earthy triplicity, which is Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn, belongs tothe quarter which is between east and south. Its countries are: the country ofthe Indians, the islands of the sea with all their different names, the land of Sind,Makran, a part of Khurasan, Fars, Kirman, the land of Hajar, Uman, the desertof the Arabs, and the land of Yemen.

1The division of the world and enumeration of cities and countries is the topic of Tetrabiblos

II.3.2For geographical names and locations, see Kennedy & Kennedy [1987], especially pages

448–449 for places names recorded in Kusya’s Zıj.

104 Part II Chapter 9

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Translation II.9 105

[6] The airy triplicity, which is Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius, belongs to thequarter which is between south and west. Its countries are: the land of Sudan,H. adham, the seashores of the western sea, the Syrian sea, the country which iscalled by the common name of the west.

[7] The watery triplicity, which is Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces, belongs tothe quarter which is between west and north. Its countries are: the country ofAndalus, Jalaliqa, Burjan, Afrinja, greater Rumiyyz, and S.aqaliba.

[8] As for the countries which are related to each sign: to Aries belongBabylon which is Iraq, Adharbayjan, the region of Armenia, Persia, Palestine,Ramla, and the country of Syria.

[9] To Taurus belong Hamadan, Mahan, the water of Kufa,the water ofBas.ra, the <country of> the Kurds, the region of Suwad to the mountains andthe two sides of T. arsus.

[10] To Gemini belong Daylam, Jılan,3 Egypt, Barqa, Jurjan, Muqan,Qayrawan, and Alexandria.

[11] To Cancer belong Lesser Armenia, China to the east of Khurasan,Marw, Marw al-Rud, the country of Ifrıqiya, and Byzantium which extends be-hind the routes of the frontiers.

[12] To Leo belong Sogdiana, T. us and what follows it, Nısabur, and fromthe cities of the Turks to the end of the inhabited world, the land of Antakiyyaand inner Armenia, and Bab al-Abwab.

[13] To Virgo belong Jaza’ira, the country of Maws.il, the country of Jaramaqa,the country of the sea coast which are the harbors of Mas.s.ıs.a.

[14] To Libra belong Kirman, Sijistan, Kabul, T. ukharistan, Balkh, Herat,the region of the west, and Upper Egypt toward the boundaries of Ethiopia.

3This is Kusyar’s birth place.

106 Part II Chapter 9

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��� ��

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�/� �,�%C�";P ��

�& 55S�56�����& �,�6�� �% ]U�% �� S�56� ^/����

38G om. �39F’s missing folio 34a ends.

40B add. ����� ���� �41V

�� � ���42B

������� ; J�������� ; V �������

43G������ ��� �

44B om.

45B� �������� ; F

�� �!���46G "� �#47F ��$ %��& instead of '($ ���� ; V for Pisces: )'

*� +& ,-./�� �����$� �� ����0��1

'($ ���� 2�$�� � 23�* ��� �45� �� %�6�� � ���� � �� �� � � ,�&'� ��7 �8 See note to translation.

48B om.

49J 9�� 9�� ; V 9�� instead of 9��� � � � :

50F ;<=!� �>� �# ; J ;<=!�51J om. 9�� � � ?� � +&52J hapl. om. from here to the next

�@�A�053FV om.

54J B�C��� instead of+��� � B�C��� D:�

55J om.

Translation II.9 107

[15] To Scorpio belong the land of al-H. ijaz, the desert of the Arabs, itsborder toward Yemen and toward T. anja, Qumis, and Rayy.4

[16] To Sagittarius belong Baghdad, Is.fahan, S. aymara, the country of al-Rus, al-Jibaliya, and the country of Yemen.

[17] To Capricorn belong the country of India, Ethiopia, Makran, Sindtoward Multan and toward Oman, al-Ahwaz, and the country of Kabul andGhur.

[18] To Aquarius belong Kufa, al-Sawad and its regions, the country of theCopts, the west of the land of Sind, and the back of al-H. ijaz toward Najd.

[19] To Pisces belong the desert of Barbar, the cities of al-H. azar, al-Sarırtoward the sides of the country of al-H. azar.

[20] These countries which are related to those signs are recorded in books,and, from previous experiences concerning <each> one of the countries and itssimilarity to one of the signs, the judgment on this country from this sign becomesmore reliable.

[21] The amount of time with regard to the influence of an eclipse: we lookat the hours of <the duration of> the eclipse from the beginning to the clearance,and we take one year for each equinoctial hour of a solar eclipse, and one monthfor that of a lunar eclipse.5 What results is the extent of the time of the influenceof the eclipse.

[22] The time with respect to the peak of its influence: the ratio of theseasonal hours which are between the place of the eclipse and the ascendant ofthe eclipse to twelve is the ratio of <the hours> which are between the beginningof the eclipse and the peak of its influence to the extent of the time of its total-ity. Thus we multiply the seasonal hours which are between the eclipse and theascendant of the eclipse by the time of the totality of the eclipse and we dividethe <product> by twelve. What results is the time from the beginning of theeclipse to the maximum <influence> in it.6

4The wording of this section is very close to that of Abu Ma ↪sar’s Abbreviation 1.56.5The same idea is found in Tetrabiblos II.6.6The idea is that the time interval (T ), in seasonal hours, from the place of an eclipse to that

of the ascendant is proportional to the time interval (t) from the beginning to the maximum ofits influence. Let the duration of the total eclipse be D, then the relation given is:

T : 12 = t : D

Therefore, t =T × D

12.

According to the Chinese translation, the time obtained is converted into the numbers ofyears and months in the case of solar eclipses and lunar eclipses respectively.

108 Part II Chapter 9

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�� �$�% �" '� �

�+>��% �*�\] ��� � ���� �$�%

56BJ �� � ��� �� �� instead of���� � ��� �� ��

57V ���� �

"

58BJ ����59

F om.

60G ����

61J hapl. om. from here to ���� before E�C0���62BV 4 56Z� 89� ; B add. �?!63

F om.

64V � �- �=

65J�$� �

66V ����

67V�$��� �

68J���H�F����

69B add. #����70FG

��1�P��� ; V��1�)�

71V #����

72BFJV ����

73FJ ���A� ���H� � ; V ��

�A�74

B om.

75FJV ��+�� � � @ �A �>�

76B om.

77FV 4���78

B om.�'�UMN � �$���CZ��%

79BFJV om.

80B add.�#� ��� � �

81FJ &� �H� � 82B add. K�DLMN 3� �- ��

�� ;'-�UMN �$�%83B �<���

Translation II.9 109

[23] As for the stars which are the rulers of an eclipse, they are the planethaving mastery over the sign of the eclipse and <the one over> the ascendantof the eclipse. If several planets are in the same place, the one which is aheadis the lord of the eclipse. Whichever is the planet which has this (lordship) isthe ruler of the eclipse. The planet which is near to it in witness helps it. Thefixed star which is in the degree of the eclipse or in the degree of the ascendant ofthe eclipse or in the degree of the midheaven of the ascendant of the eclipse, andthe superior planet which is easterly, nearly easterly, and progressive are effectivein this consideration. Sometimes <only> one planet becomes the ruler of theeclipse, and sometimes two planets or three planets, and a fixed star.

[24] As for the type in which eclipses give influence, one seeks information<1> in the sign in which the ruler of the eclipse is, <2> the figure of this sign,and <3> the figure in which the fixed stars are, from among the forty eightfigures.7

[25] If <the eclipse is> in a sign which has the figure of a human being,like Gemini, Virgo, Libra, Aquarius, and the first half of Sagittarius, then theinfluence is in human beings. If it is in the signs which have cloven hoofs likeAries, Taurus, and Capricorn, the influence is in cattle and sheep. If it is in thesigns of watery creatures like Cancer and Pisces, the influence is in the creaturesof the water. The same is the case if it is in the signs of reptiles like Scorpio, orin the signs of wild beasts like Leo. Likewise we see

7I.e., forty eight constellations of Ptolemy’s star catalogue. The following discussion issimilar to that in Tetrabiblos II.7.

110 Part II Chapter 9

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�� [29]

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� !�"#$ �87V om. *�

��88

BFGJ ()�� � �89

G om.�� �

90B ��� ��+�,-� )6��O� instead of )6��8#$ � ��!����

91J om. �

92B������ � !�"#$ � �� � *=; 9! instead of

� !�"#$ � ���%93BJV K �2 � ����� passim.

94V om. from here to G��2�����

95J G��2��)@#$ � instead of G�

�2����� H� �2��96B add. ()�� ; J hapl. om. from here to the next *�

�� ���% ����97B om.

��� ��� �� ������ �98

J om. <� � �F�� H� �2�� *�

�� �IJ� K �2 ��� �� L�+ � *�

1�� 7���M��

99BV om. S passim.

100JV ()��101B add. ���102J )�� ����

Translation II.9 111

for the fixed stars from among the forty eight figures.

[26] Again if the ruler is in <one of> the earthy signs the influence is inwhatever grows from the earth. If it is in <one of> the airy signs the influenceis in human beings, cattle, and small cattle. Again if <the ruler is> in <oneof> the watery signs the influence is in plants of water and its animals. If it isin <one of> the fiery signs the influence is in gold, silver, and mines of preciousstones.

[27] Again if the ruler is in a figure which indicates desert animals, and itslatitude is in the north, it indicates earthquakes and darkness. Again if <theruler is> in this figure, and its latitude is in the south, it indicates water and bigflood.

[28] Again if the ruler is in the sign of the vernal equinox the influence is inthe fruits of trees at their sprouting and the plants and the things which you getand use in the spring season. If it is in the summer solstice <the influence is> inthe fruits and plants and the things which you get and use in the summer season.If it is in the autumnal equinox <the influence is> in the fruits and plants andthe things which you get and use in the autumn season. If it is in the wintersolstice <the influence is> in the fruits and plants and the things which you getand use in the winter season.

[29] Again if the ruler is in <one of> the two equinoctial signs what happensis in temples and houses of worship. If it is in <one of> the two solstitial signswhat happens is a change of acts of devotion.

112 Part II Chapter 9

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�� [30]

��� ���# ���� &�'!" � ��

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(� ��� � �). /� �01��� ��������� ��� �����

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� ����C,- � 115<� �� 8��D ��.� � [32]

119 �E��F� ��� ;� :����� G� ���A �: �� ��� 118H0�� �� �EIJ0�� ��K� .� �)B� �L���� �. 117;� :��: �;���#

�A�M,- �� ��� �1�� 121�� �2���� �@� ��K� �. H0�� �� �EIJ0�� G� ���A �;DK� .� � ��� ����N 120 �O�0

� ��� �L�� �2 ��.G23b122 ��� #

�����)� ������ ��* � ;� �� P 125 ��'5+,- ��� �Q � L ���� � ��� ���� � ;� N�R 124 ���# � ���

123=�S [33]

��'���T�� U��.� �Q � (� ��� � ��

� ����C,- � ���# � ��� ���� �� 127 �V�M,- � 126��

WK+,- � ��'0 � ��.�� ����

103J om. 6

104B������ ��

���� ������ ��� =���� ���# instead of

������ ��� ��

105B�� �

� 106F 6�*:107V

������108BJ om. ; F <� �� =�

� ��

� : V �). ��� ��

� instead of �). =� � ��

� 109B

�� �#110B add. <� ��111BJV

�� ��112F 6�*:113

J ���

114J add.����C,- � 8��D

115B om. ; V 8��+,- �� instead of <� �� 8��D ��.� �

116V ��� �Q � instead of �)B�

117V ;� :�: ���� instead of ;� :��: �;���# ����

118V om. from here to G� ���A �;DK� .�119

J om. �E �F� ���120J =0 �2���� instead of �O�0 � ��

� 121

J �: ������122

B ���+,- � but �� # ���� in margin.

123BF =�K �

124V =�S ���# � ��� instead of���# � ��� =�S

125J

��'5+,- � ��� instead of

��'5+,- ���126

G ��W�K+,- �

127B ��� V�M,- � X� K+,- � instead of V�M,- � ��W�K+,- �

Translation II.9 113

[30] Again if the ruler is in <one of> the fixed signs it indicates influenceswhich happen in buildings. If it is in <one of> the bicorporeal signs it indicatesinfluences in people and kings. If it is in <one of> the tropical signs it indicatesinfluences in citizens and inferior people.

[31] Again if the ruler is westerly at a solar eclipse and easterly at a lunareclipse, then the influences are less of this type. If it is at a full moon <theinfluence is> within the limits of this type. If <the ruler is> easterly at a solareclipse and westerly at a lunar eclipse the influences are more of this type.

[32] As for the type of this influence, whatever is the nature of the rulingplanet is effective in the influence. If there are several ruling planets, <the influ-ence is> whatever is their mutual mixture. We have recorded <in what follows>the natures of the planets individually concerning their effect, so that we canjudge the mutual mixture of their natures with clear insight and an intelligentview.8

[33] When Saturn is the lord of the rulership and its term, then in generalit is the cause of corruption which happens from coldness. As for its partial andparticular effects, if its influence is in human beings, it is chronic diseases,

8The following classification according to the ruling planet is found in Tetrabiblos II.8.

114 Part II Chapter 9

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Translation II.9 115

tuberculosis, dissolution and injury because of moisture, diarrhoeia, quartanfevers, confusion, depression of the heart, fear, and stubbornness. When it isin useful animals the harm in them destroy them and diseases occur in them. Asfor the condition of the air, severe coldness occurs in it with ice and fog. The airbrings about it (coldness) until epidemics from the consolidation of mist, dark-ness, cloud, and snow-storm occur, and killing reptiles are born because of this.As for rivers, <when the influence is in> excessive increase and ruin of water, shipwreck in the sea, and difficulty of going by water. As for <when it is> in plantswhich are grown from the earth, poverty, shortage, and corruption spread overthem, and especially over those things which people need as necessities. Wormsand locusts spread, and there are abundant rains and severe coldness.

[34] When Jupiter is the lord of rulership and its term, then in generalit makes things flourish. Particular effects — as for <when it is> in people,<there occur> a rise in rank, good conditions, and health; As for <when it is>in prices, fertility and an abundance of things which people obtain easily, theirexcellence, and their cheapness; as for <when it is> in useful animals, <thereoccur> abundance, increase, and the utilization of them; as for <when it is> inair, <there occur> moderateness, soundness, and goodness; as for <when it is>in water and rivers, <there occurs> moderateness.

[35] When Mars is the lord of rulership and its term, then in general it isthe cause of the corruption which is from

116 Part II Chapter 9

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Translation II.9 117

dryness. Particular effects — as for <when it is> in human beings, < thereoccu>r wars, riots, sudden death, and diseases which happen together with feverevery other day, discharge of blood, and an abundance of robbers and highwayrobbery; as for <when it is> in the air, <there occur> violent heat and hotwinds, few rains, the appearance of conflagrations and meteors; as for <when itis> in the sea, <there occur> sudden sinking of ships by various and disorderedwinds; as for <when it is> in the water: its shortage, and a dryness of the eyes;as for <when it is> in fruits and plants, <there occur> disease and rotennessbecause of the heat or hot and foul winds.

[36] When Venus is the lord of rulership and its term, then in general itcauses things similar to those which Jupiter causes. Its particular effects are thedischarge <of menstruation> in women, an abundance of marrying and children,and much joy and amusement.

[37] When Mercury is the lord of rulership and its term, then in generalwhen it mixes with a planet it takes over the planets’ effects. As for its particulareffects, its moving of things is more abundant than <that of> of the rest ofthe planets. Its effects among people are keenness and subtle tricks, and itis the lord of highway robbery and stealing, the cause of drying and feverishdiseases which take place every day, coughing, tuberculosis, and exhaustion. Toit belong divination and prophecy when it happens to be in the ascendant or in theninth or tenth or eleventh <place> and is in most of its essential and accidentalpowers. The ninth in this group is the strongest. Because of the dryness ofits temperament and the swiftness of its motion there occur in the air violentwinds, thunders, lightnings, thunderbolts, and earthquakes, and corruption inuseful animals and plants which are needed.

[38] As for partial increase and decrease in the happenings, they are knownfrom the conjunctions

118 Part II Chapter 9

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Translation II.9 119

and the oppositions situated in the sign of the eclipse, or from the ascendantof the eclipse, or from the position of the planet ruling the eclipse. When theyare friendly to the ruling planet if this is benefic, or when they are hostile to itif this is malefic, <there is an decrease of the effects>9 . <They are known>

from the easterliness of the ruling planet or its westernliness or its station or itsopposition, while <the planet> is aspecting the ascendant of the conjunction orthe oppostion, and the ascendant of the conjunction or the opposition is situatedin whichever places we have mentioned, or <the planet> is aspecting the signof the eclipse or the ascendant of the eclipse. When it is easterly or stationarythere is an increase of occurrences from it; when it is retrograde or in oppositionto the Sun there is a decrease from it.

[39] The occurrence of an eclipse in <one of> the cardines of the ascendantof the native gives harm according to the cardine; for example, the eclipse whichoccurs in the ascendant gives harm to his body, or one in the tenth place givesharm to the condition of his master. This is the case with the other two cardines.

[40] The occurrence of an eclipse in the place of <one of> the two luminariesin the nativity or in <one of> their opposite places gives harm to the native. Asfor an eclipse of the Sun, it is in the place of the Sun in the nativity or at itsopposite place. As for an eclipse of the Moon, it is in the place of the Moon inthe nativity or at its opposite place.

9Supplied by the Chinese translation.

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Translation II.10 121

Chapter Ten: On the Indications of the Conditions of the Sky 1

[1] The natures of comets and heavy showers in the atmosphere take the placeof the natures of Mars and Mercury concerning wars, fires, earthquakes, andaccidents which are caused by them. One is informed of the regions in whichthese happenings occur by their places among the signs and by the places whichthese happenings reach toward the midheaven. When these things appear in theeast, what happens because of them is immediate; when they are in the west,what happens because of them is later. When the Sun rises or sets2 with nothingto cover it, it indicates cloudlessness; if its disk changes colour or turns to fieryred, and the rays of the Sun are spreading far, it indicates violent winds; if it riseswith a black colour or sets with clouds or if there is a halo around it, it indicateswind and rain in winter.3

[2] The position of the Moon three days before a conjunction or beforean opposition or before a half moon is to be examined: if it looks gentle andclear while nothing is around it, it indicates cloudlessness; if it is red or its disktrembles, it indicates strong winds; if it is black or green and coarse, it indicateswind and rain in winter.

[3] When we see a bright fixed star bigger than usual, it indicates strongwinds.4 If the shooting of stars and their degree is from one direction it indicateswinds from

1This topic is discussed in Tetrabiblos II.13.2BFJV add ‘and it is clear’.3Cf. Tetrabiblos II.13, page 213.4Cf. Tetrabiblos II.13, page 217.

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!gn ; :��� �� .? �� z�, / .< ; : ) # �@ z�z �5 ;' & � K : )I¥ :; �� �� .? �� k l�:/ .< ; : ) # �@ z�U �5 ;' & � K :

7 �¤� : G � K :�~ ' # 0�& r �� ' �¦q � � �� H �� : �56 �| ! " # �� � & �' ;G m �o � �' & . �� � K �� �og' # ! § K :¨| �}{H & ��©K �7 . L MªN GsK <«Q�¬ S�� < �1 & �� .? �� k l�: ) # �@ � �   �¡ : ! �@ 0 } $ � � � ­y� # t K �� .G �o k l�:®z T � � 2 r ¯°: G )*+ $ 0 � � �� $ �� : �9 & 8 : �0 :; < & 2 k � # <6& �o �' <�5 ' # �}IH �9 : ! �@ ) # �@ �7 �@�G{K :6± K & p & ��©K ~ .wx² �� ' # 0�& � ' # �� < z - �1 & �' : ! �o K : �5 " # ' � z 4 ) # �� K : �5 " # ��£��K : < q & .' # ;�� : 0 } $

z J�� � # �o ² ��£K & ' � } ³ ! K & ' � �� �o .?¢r �� k l�: � � ´ µ : G � ; : )I+ $ ¶ G �@�GsK :�z O �� ' ��G{r ³�< � � H ! ." # � ;G § � � K �5 " # � � � G � K :�9 : ! �o K : �1 & � � 3�G )I+ $ : G � � � < �9 : ! �o K :�± K & p �9 : ! �o K : &   · # �@ � �o .�� ' # ) # �� K : �� ��£��K :u± K & p : G{?vrs= �@ Q�¸ S¹ �Iº��

� � »�����

��� � ¼ ½ ¾°¼¿ ¼!"# ¼$ % & ¼' ( )*+ ,-./012134567 869:; ¾ ¼' ( )*+��< » =")*>�*? »�@ ; ¾��A � �

�¼B ( CDE 56010F, GHI

��J » �K LM NO�PA» 86GHIÀ » 86GHI� ÁQ@eÂR�

� &( S ½ L

O Â 86GHI� »TU � = ¼VWXYZ [

L NT\ ] _ ½ L� Á 86GHI<  ¿ ` a ( bcd Z ¼e f ��86GHI ¿ ` a? » 86GHI \ ]^g N U

� =¼VhXYZ [ L �i j f �kl mno �p j ,-./0F2q34567 869 \ ]^g N U

� =¼VrXYZ [ L �i j

A���86GsI�( �` L = ¼� =turvwx ¼¿qy`z{{ y` ¼' ( ¼� N MÃà L�| S ` a � ��� N

J  �i ` � =tu}vwxÀqP » 86GHIÀAÀ » �i M` ( b ½ L �K L = ¼! ½ L �~� LM ( j ¼¿ y$ # y$ jÀF�Ä»6 86GHIÀ1O » ( ) S � � j f @ ( ) S � L � j 56./7^� 86�F� 34�42q0:560 l m ) S � L � j ,-. G 5 �F� ,-. IÀ � Á 86GHIÀ1�  �i V � �` L = ¼! ½ LÀ1< » =tuq� S ½ NÀF? »���$� ¼! � ¼$�½ L N ,-./012134567 869 ��$ � ¼! � ¼$�½ ( ` a

Translation II.10-11 123

this direction. If it is from several directions it indicates winds without order.

[4] When a rainbow appears when there are no clouds, it indicates air andrains in the winter. If it appears in the time of the winter air, it indicatescloudlessness.

Chapter Eleven: On Conjunctions5

[1] Many people of this art have another method in general judgment. It is bymeans of the conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn. The Persians are the wisest ofthem in their conviction, and the most devoted to bringing together happinessand misfortune through it, according to their claim, from the conjunctions ofthese two planets. They set in motion each one of Jupiter and Saturn with theirmean motion and they lay down the following scheme — the two <planets> maketwelve conjunctions in each triplicity and sometimes thirteen conjunctions; whatis between two conjunctions is roughly twenty years. They fix chronology by itfrom the conjunction occurring at the beginning of a triplicity to the conjunctionoccurring at the beginning of another triplicity.

[2] If this method were correct for us, we could spare much trouble in wor-rying about the equations of the planets and their correction. When there isdependence on the corrected positions of the two <planets>, the number of theconjunctions of the two <planets> in the triplicities could not be grasped, neithercould the days and years which are between the conjunctions nor the ascendantof the time of the conjunction of the two planets be obtained, because of the slow-ness of their motion and because of the difficulty of inquiring into their conditionswhich are dependent on precise observation.

[3] Thus they made the ascendant of the year in which the conjunctionoccurs the ascendant of the conjunction, and they judged what things are causedby the conjunction

5This topic is a new development of Persian-Arabic astrology.

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¥ ! ¦ " #$%% & '( )¥ * § '+ ,¨¨-./ " '+ 0 1 ©2 ª 0- ¥«¦ § 3$45& 6 " 7 8 9 : ';-<- § 1 = 8 >? , @ ©?-AB ¦ ¬�§ 0 '­ 0, CD6 " 0 '­ @, ';- E ¦ § 3$45& 6 ¬ " 7 8 ';-AF § C-AG ¬ '( ) 6 H '( )IJKL M�7NO 0, PQR 4 # S T PQR &-<U " #$%% & V W-A! ¦ ¬ 3$45&XY Z[\ '] 0 1 ©; ^ '_ `ab ª '­ 6 § 3$45&cY Z�\ '] 0 1 ©; ^ '_ `-A* ¦ ¬�§ " b '_de�ª 0QC fI_ 8 e�ª 0BA/ ¦`¬�§ "ag Vhi[j kl0Be¥ § 1lm '_ ? 8Bn- ¦ ¬�§ " #$%K% &I@ '_ : ©;B<B ¦o#$%K% & '+ 0 1 ©2 ª 0 @ \ p 8 '; '+ Vqr ? 8 7 8 ©s ª 0B E ¦o#$%K% & 7 8 ';B<F ¦ ¬�§ "ag Vhi[j k 0B<G § ©®�_ 8 : tuv ª 0 w 0 Vhx ,¨¨ 0QCBnU § " '( ) ,¨¨ 0 C y zh{ | } @ ? zB<! ¦ ~ V � } 0 C�� � m ª @ _ z ';B<* " #$%% &��n@ ��'� ª @ ? zE / H�PQR 4 # S.T PQR 6 § " '( = 8 � : � ª 0

Translation II.11 125

from this ascendant, just as judgments are made concerning the other things thathappen from the ascendants of the beginnings of these <happenings>. When weare true to ourselves we know that this ascendant is artificial, but we follow thepeople in their opinion, and we are polite to them in associating <with them>

and we support them concerning their belief, and we do not think it utterlyimpossible that a conjunction of the two spheres of the orbs of the epicycles oftwo has influence in the world. Thus we choose from their sayings what is closerto <our> thought and what is more inclined to analogy (qiyas).

[4] If a conjunction in mean motion happens to occur, we see, at the time ofthe conjunction, which <of the two> has mastery over its (i.e., the conjunction’s)lord, which is nearer to the highest point of the orb of its epicycle. Whichever isruling in its place at the time of their conjunction is the ruler of this conjunction.If it is Saturn, it indicates distress, anxiety, want of rain, many griefs, sadness,and helplessness in businesses. If it is Jupiter, it indicates fertility, joy, peace,and happiness.

[5] Then we look at the ascendant of the conjunction, i.e., the ascendantof the year, which of the planets in it is greatest in power and most abundantin witness, and we judge this conjunction by general knowledge of the nature ofthis planet. If it is Saturn, we judge, according to what we have said, helpless-ness, anxiety, difficulty in business, many griefs, and the conditions belongingto Saturn. If it is Jupiter, peace, fertility, many joys, and easiness of things oflife. If it is Mars, injustice, oppression, robbery, bloodshed, invasion, and fire.If it is Venus, power in the matter of women and eunuchs, many amusements,wealth, marriage, and enjoyment. If it is Mercury, power in the matter of scribes,traders, and masters of arts, slaves, and female slaves. It it is the Sun, power inthe matter of authority and nobles

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& F $ �?- 6 #¡' � 2>¢, ! 2# %£W � v¤�$ d e # $ 23 ."& l 6 � � !�L�A 23 N^_ % ! 2? 6 % - � � RG� ! #P' VV W � $ /+ 3 h 1 l � + k ' �

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#²² � $ % & ' ( ) �*$� + ³,- . / 0 ' 1� 2 ³ 3 & 4 # ��5� ±6789:9 ;<= . ´/ 4 >> ?@$ 78A:9 B8CD;E= . ´F & ´G $� H µ 3I= J K L # �� M ±6N:7 O:P�;QB8CR;QS!TUB8C N:V T VWX B XYNZV[A:V\] X ´¶_J 0 1`� · �� a�± T V O V\78XYb�´c � d e · �� f ± g J 0 h ij� $ ´¶ k J 0 k lJ�· �*$ m K ln o · �*$� p ³ � ´c � q 0 �� rsHtu ±6789:9 ; g<? = lJ ´J¥· �*$ 78A:9 B8CR; X�N:V<A:V\] X ´c � vwxy $HD¯°³zN:7 O:P�;QB8CR;QSxTYB8C NZV T X B XYNZV[A:V\]^Xz{ | 1H\+ ± B8CR;H52 ± } ~ 0 ' � ´q $H � ±6789:9 ; � q 0 �Zh � ´ $H5H ±6789:9 ; � w 0 4 � e ( ) � $H5M ±6789:9 ; l� =# lGH\a ³ ¶ ' #q ²²�¸H5f ³ � � ln:�H5pt��B8CD; $Mtu ³ � w 0 q K n ´qMD¯ µq³j� � q K

Translation II.11 127

and kings, and their relatives and those who are boasting of them. If it is theMoon, power in the matters of subjects, servants, health and soundness andpower of body, and the coming of news from <all> directions.

[6] If two planets are mixed we judge according to their mixture.<Examples:> The mixture of the Sun and Jupiter: they indicate kings who arefair, righteous, and kind to servants and subjects. The mixture of the Sun andMars: they indicate the oppression of kings, their lack of fairness and <lack> ofmercy to their subjects, and weakness in their rulership. The mixture of Venusand Mars: they indicate immorality and adultery. The mixture of Mars andMercury: they indicate slanders, tricks, and lies. The mixture of Jupiter and oneof the malefics: they indicate evil hearts in men of piety and justice and in thosewho are believed to have righteousness. The mixture of Venus and the Moon:they indicate many births and much good news. The mixture of the Moon andMercury: they indicate eloquence, quarrels, sharpness of thought, and excellenceof ideas and mind. The mixture of Venus and Mercury: they indicate the sayingof mottos, the study of songs and melody, and the plucking of strings. In generalwhen Mercury mixes with one of the planets, it makes its indication stronger andit (Mercury) helps in its (the planet’s) effectiveness and it (Mercury) participatesin whatever influence it (the planet) causes.

[7] In this the ascendant is considered concerning the conditions of the socialclass of men just as we mentioned before in the second chapter of this book. Inthat way there is no difference between the two, except that the judgment in this<chapter> is more general in its indications and longer in its period while theindications in that <chapter> is more specific and shorter in its period.

[8] We carefully note the ascendant of the conjunction and the sign of theconjunction — each year has one sign. Then the ascendant and the sign ofthe conjunction are the two indicators of the first year. The second place fromthe ascendant and the second sign from the sign of the conjunction are the twoindicators of the second year. <For the rest one proceeds> in this manner and inthis order. Thereafter we examine, in each year, the two signs of the intiha’s andthe lords of the two <signs>, and what is in association with the two concerninggood fortune and misfortune.

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O � %= #$ H , a %Fm! � H , #� 4x� v w s ! � "�EJZ #$ ~ /G< %&R! � H , #� 4x� Fm �! � "1 , H D af#= u v w � � v %w 0 1 , ! � %Fx! � " a � � � ! � UfW X�;� 2 � � %= N� no! �

� � Fm ��D #$ N& D y�a Fm! � " #$ N& D #H � %� ! �.�J� / #= a |A } O � U D %= � & , } / } %Y � a #p ! � ) ! � * #� � / b U D %= � %H �VT , " U #^ 0�\j����]aJr � � Fm! � " ) ~ � #&�! � EJh U D %= E k $�F y / 0�" � � � N#� MM � E�E " O � a � %&'! � H ,�$�- � � � #H " a���� MM � 1 ,K} � / � ! � a |A } O �� / ��� � , � %& � � _ � F y O � � 4x� �! � " aJr�s X k c U D %� � |&9! � " |1 ! � |&j! � U D %= " / #= O ��) ! � d ! � " aJr9s X D 4x� 2 � � "u � O � %S�0 %Y � e � v w D 8 H D � 0 k : " O � 4x� #H " OMM � U D %= %Y � e k ` %Y �O

%= 1 , } / � ! � #$7Fm& D & , * %S�0 %Y � a #p ! ��� ! %4 U D %= 1 , N8 %F #& 0� 8 #&7! k Z � %H � & , 0 %Y � e � 4x� �! � " a r9s X U D %� � |&'! � " ) ~ � #&�! � " |1 ! � |&j! � U D %= %Y � e %Y �O " #��aJr�� � 2 � � k 6 #$ N8 B �J� " #$'! " � ! �#+ � #H /G& D & , ! ��u � O � %St0 a � %&'! � � & D #= 4 � / %FK! � � & D F H , k 5 � ��&D9� %Y � e u T�� � ! %4 %Y � e %Y �O

%= #$ N8 B �J� k Pt" O ��#$'! " � ! �%Y � e %Y �O " #$7& D 8 2 � ��� %� v � , � O&'89< #& 0 " O � �    �o! � " ¡ � /G! � u � O � %S�0 %Y � e D a #A ¢ B � � %Y � e %Y �O " #$ B C D � #p ! �

��� £ ��� � �� ¤ !"#$ ¥ %& ' � ( �)�*+ , ¦§ �� - ¤ � . , % / 0 �1�*2 , 3 ( 456 0 1 7�*� ¨©¦§�¤ " 8ªª ��9«¥ ,:� ; 0 1 7�*< , =>?@? A BCDEF ¤ GH 81 ªª I 1 7 B J ( K LM GH 81 ªª ¬�*N ¨ ,OP>Q�A�R9ST ¥ , ¦U B V �) "9 ­ ¨ ¦U B V �) " ¦§W� ( �) � X ¦§ Y B ¦) " Z![\]S^_�=>? P>a ¦§ Y B ¦) " ¦§W� ( �) � X ¦§ �� � �) "9*� ¨ b J ( c d ( $ , B J ( �e9f+ ¨ BCDgF ¤ � 1 7 B J ( K LM 9 . ¨�£®¥ ,OP>QhA ¦§ ijk ' ��R¤ � 1 7 ¦UJ¬ � 0l- ¤ "9f2 ,OP>Q�AmaEnSP>Q o\` n `p^ P q 7 1 ( B ¦) H r s t � r �s u9f� ¥ "9*9«£®¥ "9f< ¥ P>QhA U9fN £ P>QhA<fT £v3 ( �w � x��¤

3 ( �)" ¦§ x1yzz x��¤ Z![\]{^{`�=>? P>a 3 ( �w � x�'¤

" xq ¤ � x�j¤ <�­R¥ P>QhA�R<��«¨�£®¥ , "<*+ £ ¦§ | c } �" 8 < . £~� � � ( �1 � � 7 u<*2 , "<*� ¨�=>?\? A B J ( � 7 �

Translation II.11 129

Then we judge for the year in accordance with this and in accordance withwhat is necessary because of the ascendant of the year and the lord of the year(salkhudah).

[9] Let it be known that, in judging this, when some of the indicatorsare mixed with others and the benefics mix with the malefics, then it requiresintelligent thought, clear insight, and good talent in order to distinguish thepowerful from the weak. Then one should judge according to the power of themost predominant of them, when the unhappy one is received by the happy one,the strong one by the weak one, the fortunate one by the unfortunate one, onewith witnesses by one without. When the indications of the happy one or theunhappy one are more and the indications of the opposite are less, then thejudgment of the master and the ruler among them is easy and simple.

[10] When we find in the figure of the ascendant of the conjunction a planetwhich has the most essential and accidental powers, and with which most of otherplanets are friendly and mixing with it by aspect or application — its position isstrongest in the ninth, the tenth, the eleventh, and the ascendant, and weakestin the third, twelfth, and sixth <places> — then we judge the appearance ofthe ruling conqeror in this conjunction from the nature of the planet. Then if it(the conjunction) is in <one of> the cardines or the succedents, he is from thefamily of a dynasty and a settled religion. If it is in the third or ninth or twelfthor sixth, there is a building of that dynasty or religion. If it is Saturn, he is thehead of a tribe (saikh) with great profundity and precise insight from a familyof old houses. If it is Jupiter, he is from a family of piety and righteousness oradorned with these ornaments. If it is

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VR< - ) �77 ��� 0 �$ 0 V y $ 0z9 C DR� � 2 � $ ! & C D � * VR{ | } e �~ � - ( 0 �TY 0 � m �X�) 2 � e (f �% 77 � s - % & � j (% 59 (8 � 1 & 53 �� (! C DE��� 0 �Q� �J�^�� �� � (j 5! " �% � C D�� (L � �! 53 �! C DE� ^ " �8 | } . - \ " k ) ��6 9 % & �X \ " ! & w 9 x 0 � �X % " �$u. (L � �% � - (8 VRV + �$Z. � V ; `abc��d

t,]�t Y % & S �77 � (L � �! 53 �! C DE� t�]R] 2 � � ( �% ��

�� ��� � � � ������ � ��� �� �� � ���� �� � ��4� � ! "�#$��%&'( )'*+,-.�/0,-1234.�/ &56 3 678 . 84&'69:'6�;<8%=>? � � @�R����� A B ���C � A B � @��D E =Z� � FG��� H � IJK �� �!��L EM.�/N,OP QRS��T � U � � V W �X@ � � YZ:'[\8+6�(�] .�1�U � � V W � @�� �^YZ: / ( 3\_ YZ: 1234.�/ &'6 3 678 . 8+&'696�:'] .�1`a � ��b ,��� � .�/0,ca � ��b (�:']d6�:5]'[`8+&'YZ[ef#&'( ) 8+6 3 &'6 3 6 ,��� �g(�]'] , �h i � j�+$�$�� .�/0,X��� k �l �! �� mno �� @ ��p� q �! � V W ��+$E� �^6�:']'[e84&'YZ[ef#&'( ) 846 3 &56 3 6 , �^(�]'] , �� r �l s � � h �UtS �u � � q � �! �v w q ���� � �v w q �� r �l s � � m q

�� x �%(�]'] ,Xy @ U z { � ! "

Translation II.11 131

Mars, he is wrong, unjust, a killer, and a bloodshedder. If it is Venus, he is pious,a worshipper, and decent. If it is Mercury, he is eloquent, clear in language, aprophet, a possessor of miracles and wonders. If it is the Sun, he is an authorityand powerful. If it is the Moon, he is a man who annihilates men.

[11] The time for this is <measured by> what is between the ascendant andthe place of the conjunction or what is between the ascendant and the place ofthe <ruling> planet, on the condition that each sign is one year and each degreeis according to its particularity. The ascendant of the year in which are seen thematter of this ruler and his power, and the sign of the intiha’ from the ascendantof the conjunction of the two (i.e., Saturn and Jupiter) is like the starting pointand the birth of this matter.

[12] These are the conjunctions of these two planets in their mean motionin the watery triplicities and up to the end of the four triplicities.

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O ! '�P( '��Q % NR6 � DS! T +UV B 0 W B X 1 � QW � � � ? % Y Z + � 3 � �� ��� %G [ �\Q I 7 W I 7 ] G Q [ ������� � I 7G 3 � ^ ! � W ? Y [ ? ��� � � WB 6 [ ? ? B � 3 ! � � Z_� � ��� B

� +� 3 G ` 7G [ ! + � W ^ � a 4 +L � Z_� � � ��� ^G 3 6 � b 7 � ! � ; % ! � c ��� � � � ;B b 7 3 G � ? ? Y [ b 7 [ ! d � � ��� ?

G [ ? X � W c 6 3 Y a � � � � � � cG 3 b 7 Q 4 L � ! � � � � 3 Y [ ����� � � �B � Z + ! d ? � � ee 6 + b 7 � � � � � � �� [ Y [ G [ W ! � V��� � + V�� ! ? I 7 � ��� � � ! �� 3 � f 6 [ ! � b 7g � X � 4 L � � � � � � � � b 7h �^ G � 4 [ ? Y ZA� 4 Q ] B � � � � � Y ZA�

�� � � DS! +�iQ % �� '� �( '� " #)% * � +, - . / 0j1 � 2 3 4�5 6 7 * � �� 0 89: " # % ; < =>? +@ % 0 �,+@ % 6 ' � � ! �, B C�DEB CF; 0 7 B G H +@ % 6 ' � � ! �, B �I ! HJ! 5 � K +L G ` 7 N ! � � � % B G H

O ! '�P( '��Q % NR6 � DS! T +UB 0 W B X 1 � Q� [ " 4 Q % B % % b 7 3 X � � � � ��� G �� 3 B B � I 7 G [ Y Z + ; ��� � � � � �^ ] ; c W X 3 B [ � � � � � 6 �� [ � + c B B � � 6 � � � �#� � � X �� 3 [ ! � � ^ Y a X [ b 7g[ � �� � � � Z �; 6 3 Y ZA� c ; � + � a ! � � � � � � 4 L �6 [ ! � 6 � B ? � Z � +@ � ������� � [6 3 6hQ � Z � � c ! 3 % G � � � � � ! d; I 7 ! d c � W Y ZA� W � ��� � � b 7k[6 [ X [ Y [ B � � � [ G [ 6 � �$� � � � � Y [6 3 b 7 + � [ % � ! � 4 3 �\Q ^ � �� � � � G [; � Z�� � [ c b 7 � ! � X 3 � Z_� �&���&� ��� � [

V l m '() m *(+ ,-. / , 012 n+ 34 5 6 7 m '() m *(+ , 8 9 5:; < = > ?@ABCDE�F�G�H I�J m '() m * K , o" p m% pqr\o! p L p L

Translation II.11 133

Tables added by BJV:

Conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter in their mean motionin the Watery Triplicity

No. Days before the hours min. sec. No. signs deg. min. sec.noon of the Tuesdayof Yazdagird

1 22400 9 45 53 1 7 0 10 32 15150 20 34 30 2 3 2 35 243 7901 7 23 7 3 11 5 0 444 651 18 11 45 4 7 7 26 4

After it5 6598 18 59 38 5 3 9 51 246 13848 8 11 1 6 11 12 16 447 21098 21 22 23 7 7 14 42 48 28347 10 33 46 8 3 17 7 249 35596 23 45 9 9 11 19 32 44

10 42846 12 56 31 10 7 21 58 411 50096 2 7 55 11 3 24 23 2512 57345 15 19 17 12 11 26 48 4513 64595 4 30 39 13 7 29 14 5

Conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter in their mean motionin the Fiery Triplicity

No. Days after the hours min. sec. No. signs deg. min. sec.noon of the Tuesdayof Yazdagird

14 71844 17 42 1 1 4 1 39 2515 79094 6 53 24 2 0 4 4 4516 86343 20 4 47 3 8 6 30 517 93593 9 16 10 4 4 8 55 2518 100842 22 27 33 5 0 11 20 4519 108092 11 38 55 6 8 13 46 620 115342 0 50 18 7 4 16 11 2621 122591 14 1 41 8 0 18 36 4622 129841 3 13 3 9 8 21 2 623 137090 16 24 25 10 4 23 27 2624 144340 5 35 49 11 0 25 52 4625 151589 18 47 11 12 8 28 18 6

矢野道雄
矢野道雄
Correct: 21097

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L ? #�8$ #��M " KN4 5 � �O? P )Q@ . R @ S / � M4 T U V � W " D M X ) = �� � � � 4 T4 1 Y R " F 6 4 )5 � ? Z ��� � � S T= D M W � R 2 I � ? Z � � � ����� TS T 2 )I = W @ [ 6 1 [ 6 M U T � � �� 2 TS 1 D T � � " W W D 1 [ 6 5 � ��� � � \= )> [ 6]5 � � : S T � )5 " � � � �� � MS T � 5 � � 5 � W = )> : � 5 � ����� ��� � [ 6 MS 1 K S 5 � " Y U X � X � @ ��� � � � U ^= : T � � _ �`M 2 T S 5 � � � ��� D MS T !! [ 6 T W � � X ) K : ������� � �`M V 4 )5 D T " ? 5 � ? Z [ 6 )5 2 I � � ������ � 4aMY [ 6 T S T � [ 6 5 � U V R � � � � � S M T S 1 2 T W U X � : � 5 � [ 6 T ��� � ��� ^

�� �� � 5 " 4 b c " �� #� �$ #� % &'" ( � )* + , - .d/ � 0 1 2�3 4 5 6 ( � �� .'7e9 % & " : ; < = )> " . �*)> " 4 #5 � 5 ? �* @ A��B@ AC: . 5 6 @ D E )> " 4 #5 � 5 ? �* @ �F ? EG? 3 � H )I D J 5 6 K ? �5 � " @ D E

L ? #�8$ #��M " KN4 5 � �O? P )Q@ . R @ S / � M V [ 6 5 � F 6 F 6 " 2 T 4 T ? 5 � � � � � � 2 MY ^ @ � � F 6 ? )5 S M � � � � ����� K T R = : R D 5 � 2 1 U Xf� � � � � � ? 1 V T � F 6 @ S M � R � � � � � [ 6 1Y D )5 ? 5 � � � W � [ 6 5 � 4 5 � � ��� U V T 2 I � D 5 � : : [ 6 T U T W � �� ���� D 12 1 D 1 4 5 � F 6 = � 1 D M X � � � � � � � 1� � � 2 I � � � Y Y 4 1 : � � � � � 4 12 T ! �`M ? Z : � \ S )5 X�� �"� � ��� S 12 1 � D T # F 6 � � U X ) Y � � �" � � � V� 4 T 4 T � � ? 5 � 4 5 � T U T � � ��� �� 2 12 T $ ? )5 � T : [ 6 5 � ^ !! [ 6 5 � ��� � � )>

_ g���h! gij`h# g k$ g % &'

Translation II.11 135

Conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter in their mean motionin the Earthy Triplicity

No. Days after the hours min. sec. No. signs deg. min. sec.noon of the Tuesdayof Yazdagird

26 158839 7 58 34 1 5 0 43 2627 166088 21 9 56 2 1 3 8 4628 173338 10 21 19 3 9 5 34 729 180587 23 32 42 4 5 7 59 2730 187837 12 44 5 5 1 10 24 4731 195087 1 55 27 6 9 12 50 732 202336 15 6 50 7 5 15 15 2733 209586 4 18 13 8 1 17 40 4734 216835 17 29 35 9 9 20 6 735 224085 6 40 58 10 5 22 31 2736 231334 19 52 21 11 1 24 56 4837 238584 9 3 43 12 9 27 22 838 245833 22 15 6 13 5 29 47 28

Conjunctions of Saturn and Jupiter in their mean motionin the Airy Triplicity

No. Days after the hours min. sec. No. signs deg. min. sec.noon of the Tuesdayof Yazdagird

39 253083 11 26 29 1 2 2 12 4840 260333 0 37 51 2 10 4 38 842 267582 13 49 14 3 6 7 3 2842 274832 3 0 37 4 2 9 28 4843 282081 16 12 0 5 10 11 54 844 289331 5 23 22 6 6 14 19 2845 296580 18 34 45 7 2 16 44 4946 303830 6 46 8 8 10 19 10 947 311079 18 57 30 9 6 21 35 2948 318329 10 8 53 10 2 24 0 4949 325578 23 20 16 11 10 26 26 950 332828 12 31 38 12 6 28 51 29

矢野道雄
矢野道雄
矢野道雄
20 in V.
矢野道雄
7 ?

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� �� 34 $ 5 .6! 78 �� 74 5 � �9�%&':) * ; < �=>? ! 3� $ /@@ 0 7A6" 7A B $ 7� 0 % �C D 0 7A B $ � - ! "��E, � - . / 0 � �� �4+D ! ��

� 7F #G, � - . / 0 � ���4 $ 7� ! �� � 7F � %&'() *H� 7F ! �4 7 �� 0 � �� �C 4 $ �8 I � %&':) * � JKL 0/ � �� *H!5 �9�%&'() *

� M N ��� � N �O� P - "Q. ��� R . J D 0 7A6" 1 2 S 7T 4 $ � - ! "�� ��+, � - 0 . � 7F � % '() *H��� 74 5 7A B $ ,U4 - 5 � �V

�� �� � �� /� 1 2 ,U< �= WXY * P - "Z � $ J N ��� J " � � ��� [ \ ] ^ 0 R % � - W $ 78 7F 0 % �C D 0 7F ! _ �?Q# � $ .a! S 7b � c 7= 7A6" #GD d D e f �� �C 4 $ �8 I ��� # N �� *H! 5 7A � $ %&':) *H� ! " # � $ ��� 7A � $ %&':) *H� �V

�� �� ��� �� /� ! "����� ! " # � $ 7A B $ , � - . / 0 � �� �� �� �� ��� Ig! � $

Z � - ��� �� 74 5 h 3� / 0 i $ j 7L ?Q# � $ 7A6"�� 7F ! 78k# l D 0 ��� ?Q# � $ ���, \ e ^ 0

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@@ 0 WXx 0/ �� 34 $ /� ! t uy0 �� �43s �4 t u&0 v 0

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Translation II.11 137

<BJV’s addition:>What is between two conjunctions in days is nineteen Persian years three hundredand fourteen days thirteen hours eleven minutes twenty-two seconds forty thirds andtwenty-four fourths.6 The distance between them are 242 degrees and 25 (minutes),20(seconds), 7 (thirds), 6 (fourths).7

There was a conjunction in the sign if Aries 0 (degrees) 44 (minutes) 24 (seconds)17 (thirds) and 42 (fourths) in nine hundred and seventy-three years one hundredtwenty-three days twenty hours 26 minutes 43 (seconds) 39 (thirds) 36 (fourths)8 fromthe noon of Friday of <the era of> the Flood. And from Thursday of the first year bythe increase of forty three days.9

<V’s further addition:>

The day is counted by the increase of seven thousand two hundred and forty nine

days thirteen hours eleven minutes and twenty-three seconds10 , and in truth the third

<sexagesimal place> follows in this table of conjunctions of the two planets in their

mean motion and from the watery triplicity until the termination of the four triplicities.

6These numbers Δt = 19Y P 314d13h11′22′′40′′′24′′′′ are from JV.B: Δt = 19Y P 314d13h21′20′′40′′′24′′′′.7B gives 35 instead of 25 minutes. V omits the unit of minutes and gives 25 instead of 20

seconds.8Aries 0◦44′24′′17′′′42′′′′ is the place of the 50th mean conjunction after the Flood which

took place in 973Y 123d20h26m43s39′′′36′′′′.J and V give different numbers for days — J: 973Y 13d, V: 973Y 113d.9J adds ‘We have provided for you fifty conjunctions in this table.’

10V gives here a round number : Δt = 19Y P 314d13h11′23′′.

138 Part II Chapter 12

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Translation II.12 139

Chapter Twelve: On the Periods according to the Views of the Ancients1

[1] To the ancients, who were the foremost people in this art concerning the judg-ment of great events, there was a foundation and basis which they called periods.The period consists of three hundred and sixty solar years. They regarded a yearas consisting of four seasons.

[2] The beginning of the first season is from the time when the Sun enterstwenty degrees and fourteen minutes of Pisces. In this place the anomaly of theSun is nine signs exactly according to the old Zıjes.2 Its mean <longitude>is eleven signs and eighteen degrees,3 and here occurs the maximum equationwhich is additive to the mean. The Sun begins rising from the mean <distance>of its orb toward the place which the apogee follows.

[3] The beginning of the second season is from the time when the Sun enterseighteen degrees of Gemini. In this place the Sun is at its apogee, the anomalyis zero, and there is no equation belonging to it.

[4] The beginning of the third season is from the time when the Sun entersfifteen degrees and forty-six minutes of Virgo. In this place the anomaly of the Sunis exactly three signs according to the old Zıjes, and its mean <longitude> is fivesigns and eighteen degrees. The equation is at the maximum and subtractive fromthe mean <longitude>. The Sun begins descending from the mean <distance>of its orb toward the place which the perigee follows.

[5] The beginning of the fourth season is from the time when the Sun enterseighteen degrees of Sagittarius, and in this place the anomaly of the Sun is exactlysix signs, and there is no equation belonging to it, and the Sun is in the perigeeof its orb.4

1The first part of this chapter (up to the end of [12]) was edited, translated, and discussedin Yano [1984].

2‘Old Zıjes’ here seems to mean some astronomical tables of Indian origin.3This means that the solar apogee is located at 348◦ − 270◦ = 78◦, which is the standard

value of the Sindhind derived from the Brahmapaks.a of Indian astronomy.4The relation of the four seasons and the solar longitude can be tabulated as:season first second third fourthanomaly 270◦ 0◦ 90◦ 180◦

equation +2;14◦ 0◦ -2;14◦ 0◦

mean longitude 348◦ 78◦ 168◦ 258◦

true longitude 350;14◦ 78◦ 165;46◦ 258◦

140 Part II Chapter 12

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Translation II.12 141

[6] The first season consists of eighty-seven degrees and three quartersapproximately,5 and the days are in this number, and likewise is the secondseason. The third season consists of ninety-two degrees and a quarter and thedays are in this number,6 and likewise is the fourth season. Exactly in this man-ner they established the periods and the parts therein, while a day of a season ofa year <corresponds to> a year of a part of a period.

[7] Then they deemed the conjunction as having taken place two hundredand seventy-six solar years before the Flood, and they regarded the beginning ofthat year as the beginning of the period according to what I have said. Theymade the ruler of the <first> period Saturn with the sign of Cancer, and <infact> Saturn was then in Cancer. In this period there was the Flood after theexpiration of two hundred and seventy-six years. The tasyır reached the signof Cancer since the motion in each year since the beginning of the period wasone sign.7 The motion of the periods is again one sign and one planet for eachperiod. The ruler of the second period was Jupiter8 with the sign of Leo, andthe ruler of the third period was Mars with the sign of Virgo, and so on in thisarrangement.

[8]9 From the beginning of the period to the entry of the Sun into twentydegrees and fourteen minutes of Pisces in the three hundred and eleventh Persianyear of Yazdagird, there expired four thousand and three hundred and twenty so-lar years, <namely> there expired <exactly> twelve periods belonging to twelvesigns and twelve planets.10 The period arrived at Mercury with the sign ofCancer.11

[9] They thought the first part of each period belonged to Mars togetherwith the ruler of the period, the second part to the Sun, the third part to Mercury,and the fourth part to Saturn.12 The ascendant of the period is the ascendantat the Sun’s entry — <into> the place of Pisces which we mentioned13 — ateach beginning of a period. The ascendant of a year is the ascendant at its entryinto this place

5 � 18◦ − � 20◦14′ = 87◦46′ ≈ 87 34

≈ 87 34 days.

6 � 18◦ − � 15◦46′ = 92◦14′ ≈ 92 14

≈ 92 14 days.

7Since 276 is divisible by 12, the sign after the expiration of 276 years is the same that ofthe first year of the period.

8The order of the seven planets is that of concentric spheres.9The order of our text is based on G and F. BJV’s order is [9][10][11],[12′],[8]. G’s order

seems to be original. BJV have put [12′] first and then [8] as another example.10The beginning of the period was assumed to be 276 years before the Flood, i.e., -3377 (3378

B.C.). Thus 4320 years after the beginning of the period falls in A.D. 943, which is Yazdagird311 as Kusyar says.

11Since 12 = 5 (mod. 7), the fifth planet from Saturn in our order is Mercury.12Thus, not only the period, but also each of the four parts consisting one period has a ruler.13I.e., Pisces 20; 14◦.

142 Part II Chapter 12

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Translation II.12 143

in each year.

[10] That degree and minute are set in motion from Pisces in degrees of theequator, one degree in every solar year. This is called the degree of the qisma.That degree of the ascendant of the period is set in motion in the rising-times ofthe city,14 <at the rate of> one degree in every year; and from the ascendant ofthe period, one sign in every year. What comes out is the tasyır from the degreeof the ascendant, and what comes out of the signs is the sign of the intiha’ fromthe ascendant.

[11] It may be accepted15 that one year out of the years of a period takes asign and five minutes, so that the turn arrives at the next sign at the terminationof the period,16 as is the common practice in <cases> other than this. Itscalculation: the years elapsed within a period is divided by twelve, one degree istaken for each one of the divisions, and what does not fill twelve is multiplied byfive, and <the product> is the fraction of the degrees (i.e., minutes). We add<the result> to the beginning of the sign of the intiha’ belonging to the nextyear.17

[12] Example:18 Two hundred and seventy-six years have expired. Whenthey are divided by twelve, then the quotient is twenty-three. Then the intiha’

at the expiration of these years in Cancer is twenty-three degrees. <The rest is>like this, and God knows best.19

[13] When the ruler of the period is benefic or made benefic and powerful,it indicates happiness in this period and power of the dynasty in it. If the ruleris malefic or made malefic, it indicates miserable condition in this period andthe trouble of the dynasty in it. The change from one part to <another> partindicates the change of the dynasty from one people to

14I.e., oblique ascension.15B adds ‘nay necessary’.1630; 5◦ × 360 = 30◦ (mod. 360).17Let the years expired within a period be y, the quotient and the remainder after the division

be Q and r, respectively, then,y

12= Q +

r

12= Q +

5r

60.

18This text and translation are based on FG. For the reading of BJV, see [12′] at the end ofthis chapter.

19When y = 276 in the formula above, then Q = 23, r = 0. Since the sign of this periodis Cancer, at expiration of 276 years, i.e., at the beginning of the 277th year, the place of theintiha’ is Cancer 23◦. The Chinese text gives an example of Yazdagird 615th (current), i.e.,4623 years (expired) since the epoch. Since 4623 = 12× 360+ 303, 303 is put for y above. Theresult is Cancer 23◦15′.

144 Part II Chapter 12

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V �6`"

Translation II.12 145

another. If the ruler of the period is a superior planet, the transfer of it (i.e.,dynasty) is to a foreign people, and the subjects are not those subjects, nor arethe customs and conduct <their> custom and conduct.

[14] If the ruler, i.e., the ruler of the period, is an inferior planet, the transferof it (dynasty) is from one family to <another> family of the people of thatdynasty, and <there are> killings and riots. Then if the ruler of the periodis made fortunate in the base <nativity> and powerful, the dynasty does notshift at the revolution of the seasons and it is stabilized in the family of the<dynasty>. Then if the ruler of the part in it is made fortunate and powerful,the dynasty increases in power and happiness. If it is made unfortunate andweak, the dynasty is disturbed and made unhappy until extinction and deaththreaten it. If the power is related to two periods or three periods and the rulersof the parts are safe from the unpleasant harm, the dynasty continues in thatperiod.

[15] When the ruler of the period is a superior planet with one of its twohouses which is suitable to it, namely, a masculine planet with a masculine signand a feminine planet with a feminine sign or its exaltation, it indicates a longlife, the maintenance of influence, a long duration of the monarch, especiallywhen the ruler is Saturn with the sign Aquarius or Libra.

[16] When the ruler is an inferior planet with the sign which is not suitableto it and the ruler is weak or in an alien palce or in combustion or with a malefic,it reduces the life-span, the duration of the monarch, and the maintenance ofinfluence.

[17] When the ruler of the period is a superior planet with the sign whichis its house or its exaltation and one or more of the superior planets are in thehouse of the ruler or in its exaltation and aspecting it (the ruler) and receivedby the ruler, it indicates the appearance of a king who rules all or most climes.This is just like the case when Mars rules the period with the sign of Capricornand the ascendant

146 Part II Chapter 12

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� � �

Translation II.12 147

of the period is Aries, Mars is in Capricorn, and Jupiter and Saturn are in Scorpio;or just like the case when Saturn rules the period with the sign Aquarius andthe ascendant is Aquarius, Saturn is in it or in Libra, Mars is in Capricorn, andJupiter is in Aquarius or in Libra.20

[18] When the ruler of a part is <also> the ruler of the period, the dynastyis powerful in this part. This is like the case when the ruler of the period isSaturn: then another dynasty which is stronger than the first appears, becauseSaturn has both the rulership of the period and that of the part.21 When theruler of the period is Mars, the first dynasty is stronger than the second one,because Mars has both the rulership of the period and that of the part.

[19] When the ruler of the period and the ruler of the part are powerful andthe tasyır or intiha’ has arrived from the ascendant of the period, or from thedegree of the qisma, at the body of Mars or its rays are in quartile or opposition,and Mars has the rulership of the year, it indicates exile in a foreign country inthis year and the king remains <there> for ten years or more, and thereafter hecomes back to his family.

[20] When the tasyır or intiha’ or qisma has arrived at Mars’ rays in anairy sign and Mars is the ruler of the year with the ruler of the period whichis in an airy sign, there occur conflagrations and meteors appear in the sky and<ominous> symptoms appear in it. Then if Saturn takes the place of Mars andits rays are in watery signs, it causes floods and submergence; in earthy signs,eclipses and earthquakes; in airy signs, coldness, snow, and violent winds.

[21] When the ruler of the period is Saturn or Mars with one of their twohouses and the qisma or tasyır has arrived at the rays of the malefic, then itindicates universal happenings in all the climes. As for the happenings which areallotted city by city, they are the occurrences of eclipses in the sign which belongsto that city, namely, the sign of the ascendant of the city, or in the place of itslight (i.e., in conjunction)

20Two examples are given here:(1) Ruler: Mars with CapricornAscendant of the period: AriesMars in Capricorn — Mars’ exaltationJupiter in Scorpio — Mars’ houseSaturn in Scorpio — Mars’ house(2) Ruler: Saturn with AquariusAscendant of the period: AquariusSaturn in Aquarius/Libra — Saturn’s house/exaltationMars in Capricorn — Mars’ exaltationJupiter in Aquarius/Libra — aspecting the ascendant

21According to 2.12.9, the Rulers of the parts of a period are I. Mars II. Sun III. MercuryIV. Saturn. Because Saturn is powerful in the fourth parts, the dynasty belonging to the thirdparts is defeated by the next dynasty. Likewise the dynasty of the first period with the rulershipMars is stronger than the dynasty which follows it.

148 Part II Chapter 12

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���� ��RS� 4 �:�� ��� 8�(���� � and ends Part II here.

131B om.

132BF add. �*+

��133

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���� ��@A� 4 �:V� ��� ; V add. (D� and ends Part II here.

B add. 4� �� �N;� and ends Part II here. J further add. E�$ @A� �=T� �� and ends Part II here.

134This is BJV’s example. J om.

����F� 135

J�0.���)� ����)� ; V

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����HI;� ��F�77F�141J om. B$��

Translation II.12 149

or opposition or quadrature; or if the eclipse is in the rays of a malefic and themalefic is the ruler of the year; and the sign at which the year arrives is corrupting;and the lord of the year is corrupt; and the Moon is made malefic in the ascendantof the year.

[22] The foremost conjunction — at the beginning and the birth of thematters of the world, and in which dynasties and kingship appear — is theconjunction which coincides with the beginning of the period, namely, in theyear in which there is the end of the period or the year in which there is thebeginning of the period.22

BJV’s example:

[12′] Example: Two hundred and seventy-six years have expired. When one sign is

taken in every year, the intiha’ has arrived in the two hundred and seventy-seventh

year at Cancer. When one degree is taken from them (i.e., the degrees of Cancer) in

every twelve years, twenty-three degrees are obtained; thus the intiha’ has arrived at

the beginning of the two hundred and seventy-seventh year at twenty-three degrees in

Cancer. At the end of the years of the period the intiha’ arrives at Leo. Then the

prorogation (tasyır) is corrected and it is worked out in this way.23

22 BJLV add ‘We close the Third Book with this chapter. The God is certainly praised’.23The BJV’s difference from G is that the former have added the example of the motion of

one sign in every year.

150 Part III

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5F add.������<����

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Translation III 151

Part III On the Judgment of Nativities and the Transfer of their Years inTwenty-One Chapters

1. Introduction to this Part2. On the Beginning of the Formation of the Embryo and the Description of itsConditions before Birth3. On the Knowledge of the Degrees of the Ascendant at Birth4. On the Raising of the Native5. On the Figure of the Body, the Complexion and the Temperament of theNative6. On his Life-Span7. On Accidental Harms and Illnesses of the Body8. On the Conditions of the Soul9. On Mental Diseases10. On the Conditions of the Parents11. On the Description of Siblings12. On Property and Good Fortune13. On the Craft and Work of the Native14. On Marriage15. On Children16. On Friends and Enemies17. On Journey and Absence18. On the Condition of Death19. On the Division of the Time of the Native20. On the Revolution of the Years of the Natives and the Prorogation of theIndications Pertaining to the Base Horoscope and the Revolutionary Horoscope21. On the Calculation of Prorogators

152 Part III Chapter 1

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Translation III.1 153

Chapter One: On the Preface of this Part

[1] The science of the stars concerns happiness and misfortune. Wherever you seethe benefics, you should foretell happiness; wherever you see the malefics, youshould foretell misfortune.

[2] Trine and sextile indicate the smoothness of things and goodness ofspirit. Quartile and opposition indicate difficulty and hindrance. Complete re-ception indicates the completeness of matters, medium reception indicates halfcompleteness, and no reception indicates expectation and ambition and nothingmore. Judgment on a matter should never be made on the grounds of <only>

one witness.

[3] When <several> indicators of one matter apply to or aspect each other,they indicate the power of this matter, its completion, and its long duration.When they are opposite they indicate the opposite. A benefic which is retrogradeor combust weakens beneficence, and a malefic which is received in its place isprevented from harm.

[4] Cardines indicate the power of a matter, its appearance, and its com-pletion. Succedents indicate expectation and partial completeness. Cadents anddejection indicate escape.

[5] The easterliness <of the planets> takes the place of cardines, and thewesterliness takes the place of succedents. Entering under the <Sun’s> rays takesthe place of cadents. The Moon’s departure from it (i.e., a planet)1 indicateswhat has passed among matters, and application to it indicates what is coming<in the future>. The Moon’s house2 indicates the end of matters just as thelord of the fourth place indicates it.

[6] Application of a planet to <another> planet is like the beginning ofsearching a matter from it (i.e., the other planet) and asking for the matter in it,just as the application of the lord of the ascendant to the lord of the second placeindicates searching for fortune and an effort in it, and <also as> the applicationof the lord of the second place to the lord of the ascendant indicates the arrivalof fortune spontaneously without much searching.

[7] When the benefics occupy the place of fear3 they bring forth calamitiesto one who is blameless. When the malefics occupy the place of fortune theybring forth good things to one who is unfortunate. This is also the case when

1The Chinese translation explains thus.2I.e., the sign in which the Moon is.3Cf. 1.20.8.

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Translation III.1–2 155

the malefics occupy the place of harm, or the benefics the place of happiness.

[8] The Sun gives harm in conjunction with Mars and in opposition toSaturn. The Moon gives harm in conjunction with Saturn and in opposition toMars.

[9] A malefic planet, when it is easterly, <indicates> harm; when it iswesterly, illness; the harm occurs suddenly, and the illnesses occur one after theother.

[10] An evil omen is rougher to the two luminaries if the two malefics risebefore the rising of the Sun and after the rising of the Moon. The Sun issuesanimal power. The Moon issues natural power. Saturn issues restraining power.Jupiter issues growing power. Mars issues irascible power. Venus issues libidinouspower. Mercury issues recollecting and reflective power.

[11] When the ascendant of a wife is the lord of the seventh place from theascendant of <her> husband, the ascendant of a subject is the sixth from theascendant of <his> king, and the ascendant of a servant is the tenth from theascendant of <his> master, the days of the one with the other last long. Likethis <in other cases>.

[12] When a malefic attacks, at the birth <of a person>, the place of abenefic in the nativity of another, it indicates adversity which afflicts whateverbenefic is in the one’s nativity, and whatever malefic in the other’s nativity.

[13] Wherever we say ‘the lord of the house is such and such’, we mean the<planet> ruling in it.

Chapter Two: On the Beginning of the Formation of the Embryo and

the Description of its Conditions before Birth

[1] The beginning of the formation of the embryo is called ‘the setting of thesperm in the womb’. It resembles dough when it sticks to an oven, and it iscalled the first thing which changes the sperm from its first condition. Then itresembles a seed when it (seed) is cast onto

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Translation III.2 157

the earth. Between these two times the time <interval> is not known exceptthat its maximum is twenty-four hours which is <the time of> one rotation outof the rotations of the sphere <of the heaven>.

[2] The conditions of the mental powers and natural dispositions whichcharacterize a man are dependent on the beginning of his formation and theascendant of this time. They agree that each month of the months of the totalityis ruled by one of the seven planets. It indicates the nature of the condition ofthe embryo in this month.

[3] Saturn rules the first month. No remarkable change is manifest in thesperm, and Hippocrates calls it ‘sperm’ (nat.afa). If Saturn is in the ascendant ofthe beginning or powerful by itself, the native in it (the beginning) is profoundand thoughtful in matters and his eresults are honest and sincerity to love.

[4] Jupiter rules the second month. Clear redness appear in the sperm whichthe blood of menstruation covers and it becomes similar to solid flesh and growsa little, and a hot spirit trembles in it. Hippocrates calls it the walad (offspring).If Jupiter is in the ascendant of the beginning and powerful in this month, thenative is excellent, outstanding, and learned.

[5] Mars rules the third month. The chief organs, namely the brain, heart,and chest are separated from it (i.e. the walad), and for the rest of the organshidden marks appear. Hippocrates calls it the janın (embryo). If Mars is in theascendant of the beginning and powerful in this month, the native is bold, strong,audacious, and reckless.

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Translation III.2 159

[6] The Sun rules the fourth month. The remaining marks of the organsappear and they become strong and hard, and breath flows in it and it moves.Hippocrates calls it, in this state and thereafter, ‘boy’ (s.abı). If the Sun is inthe ascendant of the beginning and powerful in this month, the native is, in hisnature, authoritative, conversant in administration and in governmental matters.

[7] Venus rules the fifth month. The body parts are divided, and the figurebecomes manifest, and hairs grow. If Venus is in the ascendant of the beginningand powerful in this month, the native is intelligent, neat, beautiful, possessinga good shape and beauty.

[8] Mercury rules the sixth month. His tongue unfolds and his formation iscompleted. If Mercury is in the ascendant of the beginning and powerful in thismonth, the native is moral and eloquent.

[9] The Moon rules the seventh month. The boy become strong and power-ful. If the Moon is in the ascendant of the beginning and powerful, the native isconversant with the matters of agriculture, lands, and water and their arrange-ment. If he is born in this month, some people judge that he can live because hisformation is already complete and the natures and powers of planets have fullycontributed (to his development).

[10] Saturn rules the eighth month for the second time. The boy becomeslike a solid <object> and becomes heavy in the wombs, and he is deprived ofswift and light motion. If he is born in this month, he does not live because ofthe condition which we have mentioned.

[11] Jupiter rules the ninth month for the second time. The boy gains powerand health and natural movement for emerging.

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Translation III.3 161

Chapter Three: On the Knowledge of the Degrees of the Ascendant at

Birth

[1] The time of birth is an important beginning for a man because he gains, at thismoment, something which did not exist for him before — fortune and misfortunein this world. Also he gains the essence of character and mental powers. Thedetermination of the time of his emergence to the light of the world can only beachieved by an astrolabe with which is taken the altitude of the Sun by day andthe altitude of the stars by night just when the boy is separated from his mother.

[2] As for the time of birth which is obtained by the time instruments ofclepsydras and others, there is much accidental divergence and deviation. Thebest known of them are water instruments, but there are differences in thembecause of stoppage of the water and irregularities of its flowing, which is fromthe bottom <of the clepsydra>, because of accidental causes.1 When one failsin the determination of the time of birth, then he has failed, and there will be noway to find it correctly. But people made efforts in approximating closely whichthey call the namudhar.

[3] The namudhar most used is ascribed to Ptolemy.2 He is not the authorof the Almagest but another Ptolemy who was conversant in the natural sciencesand astral judgments and who was known as the master of judgments.3 Manypeople of <this> art believe him to be the author of the Almagest. The othernamudhar is known as the ‘namudhar of the falling of the sperm’. Ptolemydescribed it too.

[4] The namudhar of Ptolemy. We approximate the time <of birth>. Wemake sure that it is before or after the <true time of> birth within the limitof half an hour.4 We <first> determine the ascendant and cardines, and wearrange the planets and the degree of the conjunction and the opposition whichoccured before the birth5 in the <following way:> if the opposition is by day wetake the degree of the Sun; if it is by night we take the degree of the Moon.

1Tetrabiblos 3.2.2Cf. Tafhım 525.3Kushyar thinks that the author of the Almagest is different from that of the Tetrabiblos.

The Almagest which was available to him was mentioned in his Zıj.4Thus the approximation within the limit of ±0.5 hour is presupposed.5The Chinese translation explains ‘when it is the first half of a month it is the new moon,

if it is the second half, it is the full moon.’

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Translation III.3 163

Then we find the planets to which belong in this <horoscope> the sign anddegree, a share of house, exaltation, triplicity, and term. Then we look intothe approximate ascendant and we find the degrees of whichever planet of thoseplanets that is nearest to the degrees of one of the cardines of the approximateascendant, and we regard the degrees of this cardine as equal to the degrees ofthis planet.6

[5] We already know that the <true> ascendant of the birth is greater orless in degrees than the approximate ascendant, so we make the degrees of thecardine according to it (i.e., the nearest planet). We derive the ascendant fromthis <cardine>. If there is a number of planets which are close in degrees, oneto the other, we take that <planet> which has more shares. In this namudhar

there are conditions and confirmations, all of which correspond to the generalitywhich we have mentioned.

[6] The namudhar of the falling of the sperm:7 we approximate the time<of birth>. We make sure that it is before or after the birth within the limit ofhalf an hour. We determine the ascendant for this time and the place of the Moonat it. Let it be known that the basis in this namudhar is that <1> the Moon’splace at the time of the birth is the ascendant of the falling of the sperm, <2>the Moon’s place at the time of the falling of the sperm is the ascendant of thebirth. The stay of the native in the womb is nine months which is what is amongthree times approximately. The shortest of them is nine and a half rotations ofthe Moon,8 its days being approximately two hundred and fifty-nine days andthirteen hours and a third <of an hour>. The mean of them is ten rotations,its days being approximately two hundred and seventy-three days and five hoursand fifteen minutes and thirty-eight seconds.

6The Chinese translation gives two examples: (1) the most powerful planet is 20 degreesand one of the cardines is 25 degrees, (2) the most powerful planet is 25 degrees and one of thecardines is 20 degrees.

7Cf. Tafhım 526.8Three numbers given here are:

‘medium duration’: 10 sidereal months = 273d5h15m38s ≈ 273.2189 days

‘shortest duration’: 9.5 sidereal months = 259d13 13

h

‘longest duration’: 10.5 sidereal months = 286d21h.

164 Part III Chapter 3

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Translation III.3 165

The longest of them is ten and a half rotations, its days being approximately twohundred and eighty-six days and twenty-one hours.

[7] When we take what is between the ascendant and the Moon, if theMoon is below the earth, we divide it by the daily motion of the Moon, i.e.,approximately thirteen degrees and eleven minutes, and the result consisting ofdays and hours is added to the mean duration. The result is approximately theduration. When we take what is between the Moon and the ascendant, if theMoon is above the earth, it is divided by the daily motion of the Moon, and theresult is subtracted from the mean duration. There remains approximately theduration.9

[8] 10 When this duration is obtained we subtract it from the time of thebirth which is approximate, and we locate the Moon according to what remains,and we look at its place; if it (the Moon) is in the sign which is the ascendantof the birth and is near the approximate degrees <of the ascendant>, yet weconsider in which day it is like this, <namely> whether it is the day before orthe day after, and we will look in that day at the rising of the Moon’s place at thetime of birth, whether it is by day or by night. If it is by day we locate the Sunat noon and we subtract the rising-time of the Sun’s degree from the rising-timeof the Moon’s place. What remains is the rotation of the sphere from sunrise tothe rising of the Moon’s place. If it is by night we locate the Sun at midnightand we subtract the rising-time of the point which is diametrically opposite tothe Sun’s degree from the rising-time of the Moon’s place. What remains is therotation of the sphere from the time of sunset to the rising of the Moon’s place.Then we know the hours of the rotation

9The approximate duration (p) of pegnancy is obtained from the longitude of the Moon(λm) and that of the ascendant (λh) at the approximate birth time, and the mean daily motionof the Moon (vm):

(1) when the Moon is below the horizon: p = 10m + λm−λh

vm

(2) when the Moon is above the horizon: p = 10m− λh−λm

vm

where 10m is given in the previous paragraph and vm ≈ 13◦11′. Since m = 360◦

vm, the two

extreme cases when |λm − λh| = 180◦ are(1) p = 10.5m (when the Moon is below the horizon and close to the descendant)(2) p = 9.5m (when the Moon is above the horizen and close to the descendant)

which are given in the preceding paragraph.10The procedure in this paragraph is summarized as:

Since λh, p, and approximate time of birth (Tb0) are given, appproximate time of conceptionTc0 = Tb0 − p is obtained.The Moon’s longitude at conception is λm(Tc0). If λm(Tc0) ≈ λh, then λm(Tc0) is the ascendantof the birth. If λm(Tc0) �= λh, we proceed to the next step: find the time (Tc1) when λm(Tc1) =λh(Tc1). The rest of the procedure is to rotate the sphere by certain time degrees in order tolocate the Moon at the ascendant, since ‘the Moon at the time of conception is the ascendantof the birth’.

166 Part III Chapter 3

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Translation III.3 167

and we locate the Moon according to them. Thus the place of the Moon at thismoment becomes the ascendant of the birth, and the place of the Moon at thetime of birth becomes the ascendant of the beginning of the <native’s> existence.

[9] The namudhar of the tasyır.11 We observe the phenomena which occurduring the life span, either fortunate or unfortunate. We look at the nearest ofthese two comformable to the ascendant which was derived from one of the twonamudhars. If the phenomenon pertains to the arrival of one of the cardines toa malefic or benefic, we go back from it to the cardine by the amount of thetime which occurs; if the cardine is the tenth <place> or the fourth <place>,then by the rising-time of sphaera recta; if the cardine is the ascendant, then bythe rising-time of the city;12 if the cardine is the seventh <place>, then by therising-time of the diametrically opposite <point> — for each year one degree andfor every six days one minute.

[10] If the phenomenon pertains to the arrival of the haylaj13 to a beneficor a malefic, we take from the known time a degree for each year and a minute forevery six days. What results is the corrected rising-time. Then we take what isbetween the prorogator and the malefic by the rising-time of the equator and ofthe city, and we preserve each one of the two, and we take the difference betweenthe two.14 We call it the ‘difference of the two rising-times’. Then we takethe difference between the corrected rising-time and the one rising-time which isbetween the prorogator and the malefic — if the prorogator is between the tenth<place> and the ascendant, then by the rising-time of the equator, and likewiseif it is in the quadrant which faces it; if the prorogator is between the ascendantand the fourth <place>, then by the rising-time of the city; if the prorogatoris between the seventh <place> and the tenth, then by the rising-time of thediametrically opposite point.15

[11] What results is the equation of the rising-time. Then we multiply the

11The topic is almost identical with that in 3.21.11–13. The aim of this chapter is to find theascendant from a tasyır arc. This tasyır is the ‘slowest one’ (see 3.21.3), i.e., 1◦/year ≈ 1′/6days.Thus the first step is to convert the given tasyır arc into time degrees (αT ).

12The ‘rising-time of the city’ is the oblique ascension (ρ) of the locality in contrast to theright ascension (α). In this paragraph three special cases are explained where the haylaj (H)conincides with one of the cardinal points. It has arrived at some point (M) by the amount oftasyır by diurnal rotation. See the figure on page 235. The three caes are:

(1) αH = αM − αT when H is the midheaven or lower culmination,(2) ρH = ρM − αT when H is the ascendant,(3) ρ(H+180◦) = ρ(M+180◦) − αT when H is the descendant.13Cf. 3.6. This paragraph gives the general case where H is no more one of the cardines.14Here Δω = ωH − ωM was obtained, where ωH = αH − ρH and ωM = αM − ρM .15Here the difference of the two ‘equations’ (Δω′) was obtained and it was approximated to

the distance of H from the cardine (cf. 3.21.5). The three cases are:(1) Δω′ = (αH − αM ) − αT (midheaven and lower culmination),(2) Δω′ = (ρH − ρM ) − αT (ascendant),(3) Δω′ = (ρ(H+180◦) − ρM ) − αT (descendant).

168 Part III Chapter 3–4

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Translation III.3–4 169

equation of the rising-time by six and divide it by the difference between thetwo rising-times. What results is the corrected distance from the cardine. Wemultiply it by the degrees of the hours of the place of the prorogator and wesubtract it from the rising-time of the prorogator either in <the rising-time> ofthe equator or in <that of> the city in accordance with the place of the prorogatorin the quadrants. What remains is the rising-time of one of the cardines of theascendant. Then we look at the nearest in altitude to it by day or by night. Thuswe extract from it the ascendant in question.16

Chapter Four: On the Raising of the Native

[1] The native who cannot be nourished does not live three days, and who cannotgrow does not complete four years.

[2] When one of the two luminaries is in one of the cardines and one of thetwo malefics is with it or ruling it or in opposition to it, then the native is notnourished. We said in the introduction <of the third Part>17 that the Sun givesharm in conjunction with Mars and in opposition to Saturn and that the Moongives harm in conjunction with Saturn and in opposition to Mars.

[3] If the ascendant is enclosed by the two malefics, and the benefic doesnot aspect it, and the ruler of the place of the luminary to which the period(nawba)18 belongs is malefic or made malefic, then the native is not nourished.

[4] The indicators of growth are (1) the ascendant, (2) the lord of the ascen-dant, (3) the two luminaries, (4) the lot of fortune, (5) the lords of each one of thetriplicities. The strongest of them concerning it are the lords of the triplicitiesof the ascendant and the luminary to which the period belongs. If the major-ity of them are in cardines or in succedents and in their shares, or if they aremade benefic or are uninjured by the malefics, <then> one judges completeness,goodness, and safety of upbringing. If they are in the opposite <situation> fromall of this, one judges that he will have no upbringing. If they are in what isbetween them, then according to this weakness is judged weakness of upbringing,and according to the maleficence <is judged> his hardship.

[5] The benefitting of the Moon on the third day and the seventh day fromthe nativity indicates an abundance of milk and honey(?), and the injury <of theMoon> indicates scarcity of <milk> and its stoppage.

16The distance of H from M in hours: h = Δω′×6

Δω.

This is converted into distance (d) in degrees, when the horary magnitute (m, the length ofone seasonal hour) is known, by: d = h × m.

Then the right ascension of the ascendant is obtained by αh = αH − d, from which is foundthe longitude of the ascendant: λh = f(αh).

17See 3.1.8.18Cf. Tafhım 459.

170 Part III Chapter 5

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Translation III.5 171

Chapter Five: On the Figure of the Body, the Complexion and the

Temperament of the Native

[1] These are known from the ruler of the ascendant, the ruler of the Moon’splace, and the planet which is the most powerful and abundant in shares in itsplace. The one of these three which is the most powerful and the most abundantin shares is the most suitable for the management <of these matters>.

[2] When Saturn is the governor of the management and easterly, the com-plexion of the native looks like the colour of honey; his body is fat; his hair isblack; the hair of his chest is thick; his eyes are medium; his bones are balanced.Dominant in his complexion are heat and moisture. If it is westerly, his complex-ion is feeble; his body is small; his hair is long; he is thin; his figure is handsome;and his eyes are black. Dominant in his complexion is dryness.

[3] When Jupiter is the governor of the management and easterly, his com-plexion is of white colour; his hair is fair; his eyes are medium; his figure is goodand large and has dignity. Dominant in his complexion are heat and moisture. Ifit is westerly, <the native> is white, but he is not of good complexion; his hairis long; his eyes are medium; and his body is small. Dominant in his complexionis moisture.

[4] When Mars is the governor of the management and easterly, his com-plexion is what is between white and red; his size is good; his body is fat; his eyesare blue; his hair is medium. Dominant in his complexion are heat and dryness.If it is westerly, <the native> is of a red complexion; the size of his body isshort; his eyes are small; his hair is thin, lank and red brown. Dominant in hiscomplexion is dryness.

[5] Venus’ effects are like those of Jupiter, but those which are caused byVenus are more beautiful and his (the native’s) friendly receptions are many andhis beauty is like that of a woman; his figure is handsome; his body is tender; abluish colour of the eyes is added to them.

[6] When Mercury is the governor of the management and easterly, hiscomplexion is like the colour of honey; the size of his body is medium; his figureis handsome; his eyes are small; his hair is medium. Dominant in his complexionis heat. If it is westerly, it is between tawny and yellow; his voice is weak; hiseyes are hollow; his pupils are like those of a goat. Dominant in his complexionis dryness.

172 Part III Chapter 6

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Translation III.5–6 173

[7] The two luminaries help the <five> planets. As for the Sun it helps infigure and beauty and fatness of the body; as for the Moon it gives the effects ofmoderateness, slenderness and moisture of nature.

[8] When planets are easterly and near easterliness they make the bodieslarge. When they stay at first station they make them powerful and strong.When they are retrograde they make them moderate. When they stay at thesecond station they make them weak. When they go forward they make themmiserable and give them illnesses — which are long lasting when the lord of theirascendant is in the apogee of the orbs of their epicycles, and which last a shorttime when it is in the perigee of the orbs of their epicycles.

Chapter Six: On his Life-Span

[1] This is known from the places of the prorogators and the planets governingthem, and from the places of the killer (qatila). As for the places of the proroga-tors they are the midheaven, then the ascendant, then the eleventh place, thenthe seventh place, then the ninth place, and <the degrees of> the term of the as-cendant, as we have said in the first Part,1 from the degrees above the <eastern>

horizon to five degrees before the second house (i.e., place), and likewise for therest of the houses.

[2] The prorogators are four: the Sun, the Moon, the ascendant, and the lotof fortune by day; the Moon, the Sun, the lot <of fortune>, and the ascendantby night. The governing planet of the place of the prorogator is the ‘governor’(walin) and the ruler (mudabbir) when it (ruler) is aspecting it (the place ofprorogator). When the prorogator is one of the two luminaries and when there isno governor in its place which is more suitable than it, then the prorogator is alsothe governor. From both the prorogator and the governor the life-span is known.If there is a prorogator which has no governor we neglect this (prorogator) andwe seek <another> prorogator which has a governor; if we cannot find <theprorogator>, then again the prorogatorship (haylajıya) belongs to the degree ofthe ascendant.

[3] The places of the killer are <1> the degree of the descendant <2> <thatof> the conjunction of the two malefics and the two luminaries, <3> <that of>their quartiles and oppositions, and <4> the places of the fixed stars which are‘cutters’ (qawati’).

1See 1.20.14.

174 Part III Chapter 6

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Translation III.6 175

[4] An abundance of the prorogators and their power and the aspect of oneto the other — these indicate the health of the native, his intelligence, his caution,and the generosity of his mind.

[5] When the prorogator or the governor is between the seventh place and thetenth place and we move it toward the degree of the descendant so that we take,from the degree of the ascendant to the opposite point of the prorogator in therising-time of the city, then what results is one year for each degree and six daysfor each minute approximately. This movement is in the opposite <direction>

from the succession <of the zodiacal signs>. When the prorogator or the governoris in the other quadrant it always moves in the <direction of> the succession.

[6] When the prorogator or the governor is between the seventh place andthe tenth place and we move it toward the degree of the descendant in the opposite<direction> from the succession <of signs>, <the result is> the years of life.Then the benefic planets in application to it increase it and the malefics decreaseit. The amount of the increase and decrease: we look to the degrees of an hourof the benefic or malefic in its place and we diminish them by the amount ofthe hours of its distance from the ascendant — for each hour of distance a halfof sixth, i.e., a twelfth part, and what remains of the degrees of an hour is theincrease and decrease.2

[7] When the prorogator or the governor arrives by prorogation at a malefic,namely at the places of the ‘killer’ in one of the years, and this prorogator orgovernor is injured by this malefic at the revolution of the year or during theyear, and the malefic is in one of the cardines of the ascendant of the revolution,<then> the cutting frightens him (the native). Then if a benefic which is strong inthe base <nativity> aspects the place of the cutting, it pushes back this cutting,and harm and illness are overcome. Likewise if the prorogator or the governor inthe base <nativity> is weak, the condition is improved at the revolution <of theyear>; if the condition is good in the base <nativity>, it becomes weak in therevolution and this disturbance becomes trivial.

2Let A be the basic length of life in time degrees, ρd and ρg be the time degrees in obliqueascension of the descendant and the governor respectively, δ be the amount of increase anddecrease due to the aspects of the planets, and h be the time difference in hours of the planetfrom the ascendant, then the corrected length of life A′ is obtained by the following process:

A = ρd − ρg → δ = A − h12 · A → A′ = A ± δ

It is evident that when the planet is in the ascendant, i.e., when h = 0, its effect is full andwhen it is in the descendant, i.e., when h = 12, the effect is null.

The Chinese translation gives an example of obtaining A from the ascendant (λh = 42◦) andthe governor (λg = 252◦), and gives ρh = 23; 54◦, ρg+180◦ = 54; 37◦; thus A = 30; 43◦, whichcorresponds to ‘30 years 8 months 18 days’. These two oblique ascensions are incompatible,because from the first we get φ ≈ 43; 43◦, while from the second φ ≈ 33; 14◦ as the geographicallatitude.

176 Part III Chapter 6

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"�� instead of � �>?��

Translation III.6 177

[8] The lord of the eighth <place> is one of the injurers which terrifies <thenative> by its calamity, especially if it (the lord) is malefic or made malefic inthe base <nativity>.

[9] Many people of this art have another method concerning this subject. Itis this: they regard the Sun as the prorogator <both> above and below the earthwhen it is in a masculine quadrant or in a masculine sign except in the twelfth,sixth, and third house (place); and they regard the Moon as the prorogator aboveand below the earth when it is in a feminine quadrant or in a feminine sign exceptin the twelfth, sixth, and ninth house. The order by day is: the Sun, then theMoon, then the ascendant, and then the lot of fortune; and by night: the Moon,then the Sun, then the lot of fortune, and then the ascendant; the <planet>aspecting it among the lords of its shares is the kadhkhudah. They regard thatit has its great years, middle years, and small years without knowing the methodnor providing it with proof.

[10] If <the kadhkhudah> is in the cardine, it gives as the years of life theamount of its great years,3 and if it is in a succedent, the amount of its middleyears, and if it is in a cadent, the amount of its small years. When a beneficplanet aspects the kadhkhudah from trine or sextile it increases the amount of itssmall years; if <the planet is> in a cardine, the full amount of its small years; ina succedent two thirds of its small years; in a cadent one third of its small years.Likewise a malefic applying to the kadhkhudah decreases <the years>.

[11] When Mercury is mixed with the benefics, it is benefic; if it is mixedwith the malefics it is malefic.

[12] The two luminaries are benefic <when aspecting> from sextile andtrine, and they are malefic <when aspecting> from opposition and quartile.When the kadhkhudah is weak or injured, the matter of life becomes weak, andit gives hardship and fear to the native at each

3See the table on the next page.

178 Part III Chapter 6

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Translation III.6 179

misfortune which it encounters or which the prorogator encounters, especially ata half or two thirds or a third of the years of the kadhkhudah.

[13] The years of the kadhkhudah: half the sum of the great years and smallyears is equal to the middle years for the planets except for the Sun.4

planets Sun Venus Mercury Moon Saturn Jupiter MarsGreat 120 82 76 108 57 79 66Middle 391

2451

248 661

2431

2451

2401

2

Small 19 8 20 25 30 12 15

G’s gloss in margin:A manuscript: and the years of the kadhkhudah. For the Sun, twelve, which isthe number of the signs, is multiplied by the the first <place> of tens (i.e. thedecimal system) which is ten. For the Moon <1>2 is multiplied by the limit of theunits which is nine. For the rest of planets it is by the amount of the degrees intheir terms according to Ptolemy. As for the middle years they are the sum of thegreat years and small years halved. As for the small years: for the Sun it is froma conjunction until the return to a conjunction in the same degree in nineteenyears;5 for the Moon it is from a conjunction to the return to a conjunction atthe same time of the month, which makes one period in twenty-five rotations ofthe rotations of a year.6 For the rest of planets it is by the amount of the yearsof the return of each one of them from their conjunction with the Sun to one andthe same place.

4G adds in the table ‘the great years of the Moon in the books other than this is 39 andhalf as that of the Sun.’

5I.e., Metonic cycle.6I.e., the cycle of 25 Egyptian years.

180 Part III Chapter 7

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Translation III.7 181

Chapter Seven: On accidental Harms and Illnesses of the Body

[1] This is known from the <planets> having mastery over the descendant andthe sixth place, from Saturn and Mars, and their application to the <planet>having mastery over the ascendant, and from the sign from which it is applying, inthe <following arrangement:> Aries belongs to the head and face; Taurus to theneck and throat; Gemini to the shoulders and upper arms; Cancer to the chest,breast, and lungs; Leo to the stomach and heart; Virgo to the belly, intestines,and navel; Libra to the lower part of the navel toward the pubes; Scorpio to thebuttocks, genitals, and penis; Sagittarius to the thighs; Capricorn to the knees;Aquarius to the shanks; Pisces to the feet, and similarly is it according to thisarrangement from the ascendant to the twelfth <place>.

[2] To Saturn belongs the right eye from among the external parts of thebody, the spleen from among the internal organs, and the backbone and phlegm.To Jupiter belong touch, the temple, the mustaches, and semen. To Mars belongthe left ear, the liver, the Achilles tendon, and the penis. To the Sun belongseeing, the brain, the stomach, sinew, and all the right limbs. To Venus belongsmelling, flesh, the kidneys, and the buttocks. To Mercury belong the tongue,speech, thinking, and the gall bladder. To the Moon belong taste, the lungs,the alimentary canal, and all the limbs of the left side. Whichever planet amongthese is damaged, then harm and illness are in the organs which it indicates. Wehave said in the introduction1 that when a malefic is easterly it causes harm andif it is westerly it causes illnesses.

[3] Saturn indicates much phlegm and substances which go to the limbs,ulcers in the intestines,

1Cf. 3.1.9.

182 Part III Chapter 7–8

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Translation III.7–8 183

jaundice, cough, exhaustion, colic, and pain in the womb for women.

[4] Mars indicates saliva of blood, melancholic fevers, leprosy, itching, sub-stances which go to the calf, burning and fiery ulcers, and consumption in thewomb.

[5] Mercury cooperates with both of them (Saturn and Mars) in nature sothat it increases it (the illness) and makes the matter concerning it more serious.

[6] A purgative belongs to the character which the two luminaries have inmost matters when they are not aspecting the ascendant and injured planets donot enclose the cardines.

[7] When there is an illness while the Moon is in the sign in which a maleficplanet is in the nativity or in its quartile or its opposition, then it (the illness) isdifficult. It is more difficult when the illness is due to the nature of the maleficplanet.

[8] We should watch the lot of illness and its lord, just as we should watchthe indications which were explained.

Chapter Eight: On the Conditions of the Soul

[1] The conditions of the soul are divided into that which is intellectual and thatwhich is moral. As for the intellectual, Mercury is in charge of it; as for themoral, the Moon is in charge of it. Thus according to the strength or weaknessof the two planets and their beneficence and meleficence there occur condition inthese two matters, so that a man is between the intelligent man and the prophet<on one side> and the ignorant and the fool <on the other>.

[2] We look at the sign in which are Mercury, the Moon, and the <planet>having mastery over the places of these two. Then if it is tropical, it makessouls fond of the matters of association, people, and cities, fond of laudation andpraise, adherent to matters of religion, intelligent, praised in action, possessing theknowledge of judgment by means of stars and omens. If it is bicorporeal, it makesthe souls many-sided, quick in change which is difficult to stop, inconsistent, andclever. Then if it is fixed, it makes the souls fair, not cheating, serious, quick-witted, steadfast, and fond of toil.

184 Part III Chapter 8

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Translation III.8 185

[3] If the master over the place of Mercury and the Moon is Saturn, his(the native’s) condition in its essence is powerful and praised, and in accidentalcondition it (Saturn) makes the native powerful in thought, far in deepness, andunique in his view. If Saturn is different from these, it makes the native stingy,resentful, vile, low-minded, not distinguished, idiosyncratic in his view, a coward,isolated from men, naughty, and having no happiness.

[4] Then if Jupiter helps it, it, namely Saturn, while in its good condition,makes him (the native) good, noble because of dignities, peaceful, outstandingin his thought, helpful, distinguished, great-minded, quiet, and quick-witted. IfSaturn is in a bad condition, it makes him not accustomed to good things, offaded intelligence which deals with the matter of demons, a master of trickery,hateful to children, not associating with men, with no one putting faith in him,and wicked in choice.

[5] Then if Mars helps Saturn while it is in its good condition, it (Saturn)makes the native not distinguished, careless, unsteady between courage and cow-ardice, difficult in social life, having mercy towards none, negligent in whateveris useful to people, rough, bold in his mind, fond of troubles, cheating, a tyrant,angry, hateful to people, a master of work and effort, and he is sound in general.Then if Saturn is in a bad condition, it makes the native a stealer, a highwayrobber, wicked, of small profit, not afraid of God; he has no love, he is evil, akiller, a grave digger, and he is in general bad in his condition.

[6] Then if Venus helps Saturn in its good condition, it makes the native ahater of women, fond of dignities, bad in meetings, not fond of prestige, hatingbeautiful matters, envious, hard to associate with, disliked

186 Part III Chapter 8

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Translation III.8 187

by people, isolated in his view, a soothsayer, an adherent to the matters of God,chaste, of many tricks, protective of his soul, and jealous towards women. Thenif Saturn is in its bad condition, it makes the native greedy for sexual inter-course, bad in all his conditions, ill-fated, a perpetrator of infamous things, notdistinguished, a heavy drinker, fond of meeting with a man who is advanced inage.

[7] Then if Mercury helps Saturn in its good condition, it (Saturn) makes thenative an inspector, a scholar, fond of medicine, sharp-minded in hidden matters,having wonderful things, clever, bitter in his soul, inquiring, watchful, fond ofintelligence, and having sound judgment. Then if Saturn is in a bad condition itmakes the native full of hatred, exhausted, a hater of relatives, fond of misery, arobber, a fortune teller, a diviner, an enchanter, a master of spells and cheating,faithless, and without sound judgment.

[8] When Jupiter has mastery over the place of the Moon and Mercury whileit is in its good condition, it makes the native great-minded, generous, havingdignity, fond of people, handsome, serious in his affairs, honest, modest, uniquein his works, compassionate, charitable, friendly, and a master of policy. When itis in a bad condition, it makes the conditions of the soul similar to the conditionswhich we have described, except that they are weaker and more sluggish andwithout deliberate intention; for example, a squanderer instead of being liberal,a coward instead of being shy, vain instead of being modest, and haughty insteadof being strong and high-minded.

[9] If Mars helps it while it is in a good condition, it (Jupiter) makes thenative tough, antagonistic, a fighter,

188 Part III Chapter 8

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Translation III.8 189

a leader, unsubmissive, fond of victory and leadership, victorious, great-minded,irritable, a ruler, and a commander. If Jupiter is in a bad condition, the nativeis imprudent, confused, wicked, quickly changing, weak, regretful, not staying inone thing, having no discretion, having no opinion, and he is in general of varyingin his character and agitated in his conditions.

[10] Then if Venus helps it (Jupiter) while it is in a good condition, it makesthe native pious, enjoyable, fond of cleanliness, works, wealth, and buying, of agood nature, loving men of goodness, of peaceful mind, friendly, and he is ingeneral extremely happy. Then if Jupiter is in its bad condition, the nativeis luxurious, delighting in life, of feminine mind, loved by women, passionate,enjoying much sexual intercourse, preoccupied, shameless, injurious, and his mindis like a women’s mind, but he is faithful, good in situations in which he behaves.

[11] When Mercury helps Jupiter while it is in a good condition, it makesthe native one who has many insights in books, a master of the knowledge ofastronomy ( ↪ilm al-hay’a) and geometry and arithmetic, insightful, intelligent, anorator, praised for his opinion, good in advice. If Jupiter is in a bad condition,the native is raving, having many faults, mean, bitter in his soul, thinking himselfas wise when he is without intelligence, vain, cunning, agitated in his action, anda master of education.

[12] When Mars has mastery over the place of Mercury and the Moon whileit is in a good condition, the native is powerful, a chief, irritable, fond of weapons,a master of slander, bold in his soul, not modest, confused, bold, courageous,overcoming, a master of management and mastery. If it is in a bad condition, thenative is imprudent, harsh, blood-shedding, fond of troubles, a robber, merciless,wicked in action, agitated, and mad.

190 Part III Chapter 8

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Translation III.8 191

[13] Then if Venus helps Mars in its good condition, the native is friendly,of good manners, delighting in life, happy, a master of love, quickly inclined tothe perpetration of taboos, but he is prosperous, careful, sensible, discriminating.If Mars is in a bad condition, the native enjoys much sexual intercourse, beingpreoccupied with it, diverse in his conditions, a mocker of men, a liar, a swindler,unjust, quickly inclined to greed, wearied, having love, a master of intelligence.

[14] When Mercury helps Mars in its good condition, the native is a leader,shrewd, a corruptor of a governor, quick in his movements, a master of tricks,wicked in his actions, quick in understanding, deceitful, a hypocrite, but he isprosperous, and in general he is harmful to his enemies and charitable to hisfriends. When Mars is in a bad condition, the native is wicked, bold, regretful,perplexed, confused in his movements, a liar, a robber, an instigator, known forhis sin, a highway robber, deceitful, and a juggler.

[15] When Venus has mastery over the place of the Moon and Mercurywhile it is in its good condition, the native is calm, happy, helpful, joyful, clear,reflective, strong in his zeal, hateful of sin, fond of crafts, thinking about God theExalted, nice in his figure, conditions, and way of acting, prosperous, and he is ingeneral inclined to matters of sexual intercourse. When it is in a bad condition,the native is weak, a master of love, feminine, his conditions being similar to theconditions of women, and dull in masculinity.

[16] When Mercury helps it in a good condition, <the native> is fond ofcrafts and knowledge, sharp-witted, intelligent, of good nature, understanding,fond of tricks, intellectual, good at guessing, right in method, studying spon-taneously by himself, intimate with people of credit, imitating the best men,refraining from association with women, inclined to young men, and zealous.When it is in a bad condition, he is evil, having many tricks, absurd in speech,two-faced

192 Part III Chapter 8

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Translation III.8 193

and two-tongued, bad in thought, deceptive, profound in evil, a master of blame,satire, and much defamation.

[17] When Mercury has mastery over its place and the place of the Moon inits good condition, the native is clever, intellectual, a master of profit, attempts,and concideration, sharp-witted, good in conjecture, a master of the knowledgeof astronomy, geometry, and arithmetic, keeping secrecy, and prosperous. If itis in a bad condition the native is cunning, stupid, deceitful, weak, insignificant,quickly changing, foolish, ignorant, making many mistakes, a liar, confused in hisconditions.

[18] The similarity of the two luminaries to these planets: these two ina good condition increase in goodness what the planets indicate and decreasewhatever badness they indicate. If the two are in a bad condition, the twodecrease the goodness and increase the badness. Then, according to what wasdescribed above, <the matter> is to be measured out, judged, and used withclear consideration and good intellect concerning the natures of the planets andtheir good and bad associations.

[19] The aspect of the Moon to a planet makes the native movable in whatthe planet indicates. Then if the planet is powerful in its essence, it indicateswhat was described above concerning them, and if <the planet is> weak, itsmovement is stronger than what is known of it.

[20] When the ninth house (i.e., place) is made fortunate it indicates virtue,piety, faith, and goodness of conduct and intention. If it is injured, it indicatesthe opposite of all of this. Likewise with respect to the lord of the ninth house,the lot of the absent, and its lord.

194 Part III Chapter 9–10

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Translation III.9–10 195

Chapter Nine: On Mental Diseases

[1] If Mercury and the Moon are not aspecting each other and they are not aspect-ing the ascendant, and if the malefics are injuring them, then in its characteristiccondition the soul gets diseases from the nature of the injuring planet.

[2] Those who have epilepsy in many cases are those in whose nativities theMoon does not aspect Mercury and those two do not aspect the ascendant and,moreover, Saturn by day and Mars by night are in a cardine.

[3] Those who are insane are those in whose nativities the condition of theMoon and Mercury is like that of those who have epilepsy, and Mars by day andSaturn by night <are in cardines>, especially when they both are in Cancer,Virgo, or Pisces.

[4] Those who are possessed by a demon, namely, those whose heads are hitby moisture — they are those for whom Mars is in a cardine by day and those forwhom Saturn is in a cardine by night and it has mastery over the Moon’s place,and the Moon is coming out from under the rays <of the Sun> or plunging intoopposition.

[5] The men who have excessive masculinity and the women whose natureis inclined to masculinity have the two luminaries in masculine signs. Then if,in addition, Mars or Venus is in a masculine sign, <the masculinitu> clearlyincreases in each one of these two. If the two luminaries are in feminine signs wereverse what we have said, and likewise if Mars or Venus has witness as long asthey are in the feminine signs.

Chapter Ten: On the Conditions of the Parents

[1] The indicators of the father are the Sun, Saturn, the fourth house (i.e. place)and its lord, the lot of the father and its lord. The foremost by day is theSun and by night Saturn. The indicators of the mother are the Moon, Venus,the tenth house (i.e. place) and its lord, the lot of the mother and its lord. Theforemost by day is the Moon and by night Venus. The conditions of their strength,weakness, beneficence, and maleficence indicate the conditions of the parentsin their strength, weakness, happiness, and unhappiness <respectively>. Theforemost of these indicators is the strongest and most influential in indications.

196 Part III Chapter 10

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Translation III.10 197

[2] If the aspect of the indicators of the father to the indicators of the motheris a good aspect, it indicates agreement between the parents, and inclination ofeach one of them to the other and the pleasantness of their life.

[3] The aspect of the indicators of the each one of these two (the parents) toeach other, whatever the aspect may be, indicates long life, but when the aspectis good it indicates long life with pleasantness of life, and if the aspect is bad itindicates an unpleasant life without much joy in it.

[4] The enclosure of the benefics around the foremost of the indicators in-dicates a good condition, a rise in position, and high rank. The enclosure of themalefics is the opposite to it. Of the planets enclosing the indicators one hasmore degrees than the indicator and the other has fewer degrees, and <one is>in the second (sign) and <the other> in the twelfth (sign) from it (the indicator).

[5] The safety of the indicators or the majority of them from the injuriesindicates the safety and health of the body, and their injury indicates illness andunhappiness from the nature of the injuring planet.

[6] When the lot of fortune and its lord aspect the indicators of one ofthe two (i.e., the parents), it indicates his (i.e., the native’s) wealth, easiness,abundance of joy, and happiness.

[7] When the Sun aspects Saturn with a good aspect, with Jupiter or Venusaspecting the Sun, it indicates a long life for the father. Likewise <when> Venusaspects the Moon with a good aspect, with Jupiter of Venus aspecting the Moon,it indicates a long life for the mother.

[8] One looks for the condition of ancestors from the seventh, <namely>,the fourth from the fourth,1 and for the condition of paternal uncles from thesixth, <namely> the third from the fourth.2 This was already described in thefirst chapter.

1Since the fourth is the place of father, the fourth (inclusive) of the fourth, i.e., seventh, isthe place of grandfather.

2Since the third is place of brothers, the third (inclusive) of the fourth is the place of uncle.

198 Part III Chapter 11-12

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Translation III.11–12 199

Chapter Eleven: On the Description of Siblings

[1] The indicators of siblings1 are Mars, Mercury, the third place and its lord,namely its master, and the lot of brothers and its lord. Then whichever of theseindicators which aspects the ascendant and its lord indicates the <expected>

existence of siblings if <the native has> no siblings, and <it indicates> theiragreement and disagreement with him if he has siblings. The goodness of theseindicators and their aspect to each other indicates the conditions of the siblingsin power and happiness. Whichever is opposite to them indicates the oppositionand fewness of his siblings.

[2] Mars indicates older siblings and Mercury younger ones.

Chapter Twelve: On Property and Good Fortune2

[1] The indicators of property are the second house (i.e., place) and its lord,Jupiter, the lot of fortune and its lord, and the lot of Property and its lord. Oneof these indicators and their aspect or the aspect of the most powerful of them tothe ascendant and its lord and their aspect to each other indicate the existenceof property and its abundance. Their beneficent association indicates the ease ofits acquisition. What is opposite to this indicates deprivation and smallness ofproperty or difficulty in gathering property.

[2] The enclosure of the benefic planets around the most powerful of theindicators of property and the aspect of the two luminaries to it with good aspectindicate an abundance of fortune.

[3] The power of the indicators and the power of the <planet> having mas-tery over the lot of fortune in particular and their beneficence indicate propertyand good fortune. When the most powerful of the indicators for wealth is Saturnit indicates that the property is <obtained> from building and cultivation; if it isJupiter, from honesty and administration or from the management of an estate;if it is Mars, from leadership and policy; if it is Venus, from the gift of friendsand women; if it is Mercury, from knowledge and trade.

1The word (ikhwa) here means both brothers and sisters, as the Chinese translation suggests.2Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.2.

200 Part III Chapter 12

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Translation III.12 201

[4] When Saturn aspects the lot of fortune in good aspect and if Jupiterhelps it in aspect, it (Saturn) indicates property from the inheritance he inheritsif it is possible; if it is not possible, then it is by means which he does not expectnor know.

[5] <When>3 the lord of the second <place> in the ascendant is received

in its place, the property comes spontaneously to him without effort and withouttrouble. If it is not received, there are expectation and hope; so take it intoaccount. If the lord of the ascendant is in the second <place>, it indicatespursuit and effort for it. If it is received in its place without the malefics, he willobtain what is searched and he will possess <it>. If it is not received he will get<it> by effort and toil. If it is received and injured, he will get but miss it. If itis received and made fortunate, he will get and use it. The rest of what happensis to be judged in the different ways analogously.

[6] When two luminaries are in masculine signs and in cardines, or the Sunby day and the Moon by night are above the earth and the other planets aresurrounding it or aspecting it from cardines, then the native will be very impor-tant and a great master. If the surrounding planets are benefics and powerful intheir essence, he is even greater. Whatever is diminished from these conditions,by that amount is there diminishment from his wealth until the planets are inopposite <conditions> to all that we have mentioned; so the native will be inextreme misery and backwardness.

[7] When the fixed stars of the first or second magnitude fall actually inthe cardines or when they are with one of the two luminaries or with the lotof fortune, <the native> will obtain greatness and leadership according to thetemperament of the planet or <that of> the two planets whose temperament ortemperaments it is. That <star> which is of the third magnitude has been usedexcept it is below the first and second <magnitude>. If it is according to thetemperament of the malefics, the outcome is ruin and misfortune.

3Supplied by B.

202 Part III Chapter 13

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Translation III.13 203

Chapter Thirteen: On the Craft and Work of the Native1

[1] The indicators of the craft are the sign of the midheaven and its lord, Mars,Venus, Mercury, and the lot of work and its lord. The most powerful of them is theruler concerning work. If it is Saturn, it indicates ploughing, tillage, engineering,digging canals and rivers and all the delicate works which involve slowness, force,and excess.

[2] If it is Jupiter, it indicates judgment, mediation, science, and whateverpeacemaking is there between men.

[3] If it is Mars, it indicates all the works which use fire and iron, andleadership and administration.

[4] If it is the Sun, it indicates the extraction of gems from mines and worksof judgment by fire.

[5] If it is Venus, it indicates magic, perfume, dying clothes with colours andother things, the games of chess and backgammon, painting, and lovely works.

[6] If it is Mercury, it indicates writing, counting, business, and reciting ofpoetry and what resembles this.

[7] If it is the Moon, it indicates a runner, a messenger, letters, and culti-vation also, and the management of water and the matter of the earth. To eachone of these indications is connected what resembles it in accordance with themixtures of the planets which belong to it and by whatever benefits it or injuresit.

[8] If the master of the matter of the craft is the lord of midheaven alone,or <if it is> one of the <three> planets of the craft which is not received in itsplace and it is mixed with none of the planets, then the native is unemployed, hehas no works and no craft.

1Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.4.

204 Part III Chapter 14–15

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Translation III.14–15 205

Chapter Fourteen: On Marriage1

[1] The indicators of marriage for men are the seventh house (i.e., place) andits lord, Venus, and the lot of marriage for men and its lord. The indicators ofmarriage for women are the seventh house (i.e., place) and its lord, the Sun, andthe lot of marriage for women and its lord. When these indicators or the mostpowerful of them aspect the ascendant and its lord, the native marries. If theyare cadent from the ascendant and its lord, he does not marry.

[2] When the indicators or the most powerful of them are in cardines, hemarries into famous families. If they are benefic, he marries into rich families. Ifit is the opposite from this, then the opposite. When the indicators or the mostpowerful of them are in a bicorporeal sign or they aspect more than one planet,he marries more than one <woman>.

[3] When the Moon at the nativities of men is between conjunction andopposition (i.e., waxing), he marries in his youth or in his adolescence. Whenthe Sun at the nativities of women is between the ascendant and the descendantunder the earth, she marries in her youth or in her adolescence. When the Moonor the Sun is in the remaining half, he marries in his middle age or old age, andshe marries in her middle age or in her old age.

[4] When the ascendant of a wife is the seventh <place> from the ascendantof <her> husband, their days together last a long time. I have said this beforein the introduction.2

Chapter Fifteen: On Children3

[1] The indicators of a child are the fifth sign (i.e., place) and its lord, Jupiter,and the lot of the child and its lord. If between them or the most powerful ofthem and the ascendant and its lord there is an application or aspect, there is achild. If they are cadent from the ascendant and its lord, there is no child. If theapplication or aspect is from trine or sextile, there is agreement and love betweenhim (native) and his children.

1Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.5.2Cf. 3.1.11.3Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.6.

206 Part III Chapter 15–16

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Translation III.15–16 207

If it is from quartile and opposition they (his children) disagree with him. If theindicators or the most powerful of them or the majority of them are benefic, theyare happy.

[2] When the indicators or the majority of them are in bicorporeal signs orin signs which have many seeds, i.e., Pisces, Cancer, and Scorpio, the children aremore than one. If the malefics overcome the majority of the indicators and theyare in signs of barrenness, i.e., Leo and Virgo, they indicate a lack or scarcity ofchildren, and a scarcity of the happiness which is in one of them. If the indicatorsor the majority of them are in masculine signs or are easterly, those who are bornare male. If they are in feminine signs or are westerly, those who are born arefemale.

[3] The planets assigned to children are the Moon, Jupiter, Venus, andMercury, especially when it (Mercury) is easterly. The <planets assigned to>the deprivation and scarcity of children are the Sun, Mars, Saturn, and Mercury,especially when it (Mercury) is westerly.

Chapter Sixteen: On Friends and Enemies4

[1] The indicators of friends are the eleventh house (i.e., place) and its lord, andthe lot of friends and its lord. The indicators of enemies are the twelfth sign (i.e.,place) and its lord, and the lot of enemies and its lord.

[2] The existence of the lord of the ascendant in the eleventh <place> whileit is received in its place, or the existence of the lord of the eleventh <place>in the ascendant while it is received in its place, or the application between thelord of the ascendant and the lord of the eleventh <place> or the lord of the lotor the falling of the lot into one of the cardines, while the lord of the ascendantwith it is received in its place — whichever of these happens, <the native> isa possessor of friends and beloved ones. Consideration concerning the matter ofenemies is likewise except that a reception decreases and weakens the enmity.

[3] The existence of the two luminaries together in one sign in the twonativities or in their own signs indicates strong friendship between them. Trineand sextile <indicate> likewise, but they are less than that (conjunction). If thetwo luminaries exist together

4Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.7.

208 Part III Chapter 16–17

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Translation III.16–17 209

in two signs which are in opposition in the two nativities, they indicate strongenmity between them. Quartile <indicates> likewise, but it is less than that(opposition).

[4] The existence of the lot of fortune in one and the same sign in twonativities indicates friendship between them due to a desire for profit.

[5] The existence of the ascendant of the two nativities as one sign or in trineor sextile indicates friendship with pleasure, company, and intimacy. Oppositionand quartile in this <case> indicate hatred.

Chapter Seventeen: On Journey and Absence 5

[1] The indicators of a journey are the ninth house (i.e., place) and its lord, Mars,and the lot of journey and its lord. The application of these indicators to thelord of the ascendant or their aspect indicates abundance of journeys, and theircadence from the ascendant and its lord indicates a paucity <of journeys>.

[2] The existence of the indicators of a journey in cardines and the existenceof the lord of the ascendant in cadents from the cardines indicate a journey.

[3] The cadence of the Moon from cardines indicates emigration and jour-neys, and likewise does the existence of Mars in cardines.

[4] The beneficence of the indicators of a journey indicates success of thenative in journeys and benefit in whatever he aims for and his return from anabsence to what he loves. Their maleficence indicates the contrary.

[5] The lot of fortune and its lord or one of these two in the ninth house(i.e., place) indicate an abundance of journeys and their usefulness in accordancewith the amount of the beneficence of the lord of the lot <of journey> and theaspect of the benefics to it.

5Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.8.

210 Part III Chapter 18

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Translation III.18 211

Chapter Eighteen: On the Condition of Death1

[1] This is known from the lord of the eighth <place>, from the lot of death andits lord, from the malefic stars which cut life whether wandering or fixed, and thedegree of the conjunction and opposition which precede the birth or one of thecutting <stars>.

[2] If <the indicator is> Saturn, the occurrence of death is from chronic dis-eases, consumption, catarrhs, dissolution, the fever with which occurs trembling,pains of the spleen, dropsy, the illness of wombs, and all the diseases which arecaused by an attack of coldness.

[3] If it is Jupiter, death is from diphtheria, pneumonia, apoplexy, contrac-tion, headache, heart disease, and all the illnesses which are caused by excessivewind.

[4] If it is Mars, <death is> from fevers which are long lasting and whichoccur every other day, from damage which is caused suddenly, pains of the liver,illnesses of the discharge of blood, eruptions from veins, the miscarriage of foe-tuses and babies, and all the illnesses which are caused by an excess of heat.

[5] If it is Venus, <death is> from illnesses of the buttocks and kidneys,swellings which spread, fistula, drinking drugs, and all the illnesses which arecaused by an abundance of moisture or its corruption.

[6] If it is Mercury, <death is> from possession <by demons>, loss ofconsciousness, black melancholy, coughing, the discharge <of blood>, and all theillnesses which are from an excess of dryness.

1Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.9.

212 Part III Chapter 18–19

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Translation III.18–19 213

[7] The effect of the Sun in this <matter> resembles the effect of Mars, andthe effect of the Moon <resembles> the effect of Venus. When these planets aremade injured by a malefic planet and by a cutting fixed star, or <when>one of thecutting <stars> is in the eighth degree <of the eighth place>,2 and <when>

malefic planets witness it, <then> the manner of death is the evil one whichdiffers from a natural death as well as from death by illness. Natural death is notfrom illness but is the dissolution of powers bit by bit until <the native> passesaway and ceases to exist.

Chapter Nineteen: On the Division of the <Life>time of the Native3

[1] The Moon is in charge of the matter of the native for four years from hisbirth, because the body of the native at that time is humid, quick in growth, andhaving much watery nourishment.

[2] Then Mercury is in charge of it for ten years. The perceptive faculty ofhis mind is strengthened, the seed of instruction is planted in this <period>, andthe foundation of his character and the peculiarities of the activities from whichscience and culture occur become manifest.

[3] Then Venus is in charge of it for eight years. In this <period> therunning movement of semen begins in its fullness and he moves toward the mattersof sexual intercourse and love and cheating.

2Supplied by the Chinese translation.3Cf. Tetrabiblos IV.10.

214 Part III Chapter 19

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Translation III.19 215

[4] Then the Sun is in charge of it for nineteen years. His mind comes to beoccupied by important works and it changes from joking to seriousness and fromamusement to dignity and the maintenance of the soul.

[5] Then Mars is in charge of it for fifteen years. There occurs difficulty ofliving, anxiety, and reflection, and he begins to notice decline and he increases inhis desire.

[6] Then Jupiter is in charge of it for twelve years. He retires from thepursuit of works by himself and from hard works and troubles. He adheres to thegoodness of faith and the acquisition of a nice reputation.

[7] Then Saturn is in charge of it until the end of life. His body has coldness,cracking, difficulty of the motions of carnal appetite, quickness of decline, andsmallness of tolerance.4

[8] Whatever planet is strongest or most benefic in the base nativity is mostinfluential, and what it indicates in the period of its turn is most manifest andevident.

[9] The men of this art <of astrology> agree on these years and the amounts,and the Persians call them ‘periods’ (afardarat).

[10] From what was said before in the chapters of this Part, the revolution ofthe years is necessary for the distinction between the indications of the base andthose of the revolutions, and which of the revolutions agree with the base, andwhich disagree with it, in order to make judgment on him (the native) accordingto this, if God wishes.

4Thus the periods of man’s life governed by planets are:Moon — from birth to 4Mercury — from 5 to 14Venus — from 15 to 22Sun — from 23 to 41Mars — from 42 to 57Jupiter — from 58 to 69Saturn — from 70 to death

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Translation III.20 217

Chapter Twenty: On the Revolution of the Years of the Natives and

the Prorogation of the Indications Pertaining to the Base Horoscope

and the Revolutionary Horoscope1

[1] The revolution is the return of the Sun to its place in the base2<nativity>

in minutes and seconds. The ascendant of that time is the ascendant of therevolution. We have explained how to derive it in the two Zıjes, the Extensiveand the Abbreviated.3 When we want to know how many years have expired forthe native, we take the years of Yazdagird <coinciding> with the year in whichthe birth took place and we subtract it from the year in which the revolutionfalls. Then what remains is the complete years which have elapsed for the native.The revolution belongs to the beginning of the next year and to the ascendant ofthe nativity and to the indicators <of the nativity>.

[2] There are several kinds of tasyırs. Among them are the tasyır of thedegree of the ascendant in the rising-time of the city, that of the degree ofthe descendant in the rising-time of the diametrically opposite point <to theascendant>, and that of the degree of the midheaven and <that of> the cardineof the earth, <both> in <that of > the rising-time of the sphaera recta. As towhat is in between both cardines, with respect to its place, it is just as we shallexplain in the chapter following this. The degree at which a tasyır terminates iscalled ‘the degree of the qisma’ from the ascendant or from midheaven or fromsuch and such a planet. The lord of the term of this degree is called the qasim

(divisor). It presides over it in accordance with the amount which remains of itsterm, each degree in rising-time corresponding to one year.

[3] An example of this: The ascendant is the tenth degree of Cancer. Fromthis the tasyır reaches the eighteenth degree of Cancer after some years. Thisdegree is the degree of the qisma from the ascendant, of which the term belongsto Mercury according to the Egyptian terms. It is the qasim. There remaintwo degrees and twenty-two minutes in rising-time of <Mercury’s> term, whichcorresponds to two years and one hundred and thirty-two days.4

[4] Among them the tasyır of the sign of the ascendant and the other indi-cators <move> one sign in each year. The sign at which the tasyır arrives is thesign of the intiha’ from the ascendant or from midheaven or from such and sucha planet. The lord

1Cf. Tetrabiblos III.10.2The word ‘base’ always refers to the time of birth.3Referring to his own two works.4According to the Egyptian system of terms (1.16), Mercury is the ruler of the five degrees

from Cancer 14◦ to 19◦. Since the tasyır of this example is in the beginning of Cancer 18◦, thereremain two ecliptic degrees, which, as Kushyar says, corresponds to 2◦22′ of oblique rising-time.Thus the local latitude was assumed to be about 35◦N, which is close to the latitude of Jılan.Since 1◦ is one year, 2◦22′ corresponds to 2 years and 132 days, provided that one year = 360days. B: ‘four months and twelve days’ instead of 132 days.

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Translation III.20 219

of the sign of the intiha’ from the ascendant is the salkhudah.5

[5] An example of this: The ascendant is the tenth degree of Cancer, and tencomplete years have passed for the native, and the eleventh year is the muh. awwala

(year of the tah. wır). Eleven signs are counted from Cancer, and <the tasyır>

reaches Taurus. Then Taurus is the sign of the intiha’ from the ascendant in thetenth degree at the beginning of the revolution. Venus is the salkhudah and thegreatest credit belongs to it in the revolution.6

[6] Among them the tasyır of the sign of the intiha’ and the indicators<move> one degree on the equator in twelve and one sixth days approximately.7

At the completion of a year it completes thirty degrees, and in the second year itreaches the next sign in the same degree and minutes. This is called the yearlytasyır. It arrives at the bodies of the benefics and malefics and their rays whichare between the degree in the sign of the intiha’ and the same <degree> inthe next sign. If there is the body of a planet or its rays in <this> degree, thenjudgment of the degree is with respect to it. If there is not, then <the judgment>is with respect to the lord of the sign until <the intiha’> reaches the body of aplanet or its rays.

[7] An example of this: The intiha’ is in the tenth degree of Taurus andJupiter’s rays are in the sixteenth degree of it (i.e., Taurus). Then judgmentof it (the degree) is with respect to Venus until it moves from the tenth to thesixteenth degrees in seventy-three days. This is the product of six degrees byand twelve and one sixth. Then <judgment> is with respect to Jupiter until itreaches the body of another planet or its rays analogously.8 I have set down

5This Persian term means ‘the lord of the year’.6Because Taurus is the house of Venus.730◦/365 days = 1◦/12 1

6 days.8Since Taurus is the house of Venus, Venus is strong, but after Taurus 16◦ where Jupiter

aspects, its Jupiter’s turn.

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(L/ " #�%& X�� '/I+ m " � 3 - ./ 0 �^� ( #�>R� ./ '/ 3�5 � ! 6 7 " #�� 8 9 " :5 ; < " .= > � 3�8 9 " .@ A " B9�CC B9'( 'M / "L'=yO .@�A "IJ � .2 >�u^��� d Jx'Z � 8 9 " :5�S #�� � ! G j % 8 j >�� � 'c 8 / " 9 G > 5 9 " 8�g '/ #$%wP�#�� i '()* QRO H A "Y/ "VJx'Z � � .! 3 >[\���]

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(L/ "Vp 0 :� - 9 " � ` ¦ K G j 8 j :5 ; > 'K 7 " 9 G :5 ;­®¯��°���� ± ¯�°.@ 3 '( ./F� < " .= � + m . > & % - d � <�z %& � � &c � � '! .9 � 9 G '()� 8 + m . > & % '1 O � d J Z G 'K .9 .O & %h% .O %& '(²:/ "Yp s &EE % 5 &9 EE - #$%N\I£¤£�]� ��9 G UW�L.=�8 #�%�P '= > '( ./)J #$%�� p '9 5 9 " 8 + m ' O � '9 > & % .@ 3³- '9 > < " .= � � ¨ - 2 & � 9 G 'n - J .= > & % 'n - d � : _ � B .@ A " ./)J #$%� 3 > � >R� � '/ 3 ´ Q � 0 8 µ .= � ./Fp '= � � j 5 9 " 8fg '/ #�% ( # - � ! � Z "¥_ #�> 5 s &EE % ( 9 G .r .O�8 9 " .r & %x� :3 & � .= ( 9 G 'K .9 .O & %� � � '/�* % !�� ./ ¨ .r 8 � 9 " .r & % E :E %& ��# .O .@ 3 :" T & % 8 µ .=³5 s &EE % ( # - � ! � Z "³_ #�> 5 9 " 8fg '/ #�% ( 9 G u � .r .O &8 9 "

(L/ " .= H 3 &EE %fu ~ - :j & � '/ 9 " ��# .Ot- ./ d .=¶O � '9 > &EE % .@ 3 5 &9 EE O > - ¨®% 8 �� � © :p)+ m ' � � : .c �& .= � � ��� § :'Z %·> & % � ¨ H¤ ./ 9 G O�8 d J #$% � � � 'n - � !#$�% .O %& '(L:/ "Ip 9 " 8 + m ' > '(¹:/ "Vp s & % '(oJ g ./ 3 :5 ; \I£¤º�]

� � © / "Vp)+ m ' .@ 0 � � ��H d / " .= u � � .M d�� - d J #�% > '(²:9 " 8 '= '()J g ./ ` ¦ %fu } .r 8 � '9 .r & % E :E %&% »&'()*+,-% . /�012�3%4%5'67 ¼8 9 : ;% < /=> : ¼8 - ½% ?@'AB C9 ¾ B D ;% E ' /�FGHGIJK13 B LMN: ¾ ½&O1PQIJR5S TUV : W : X ¼Y - ½ CZ�[% \ ] 012�3 TUV : W : X ¼Y - ½ CZ�[% _ ¿ ` - ; B CW ¼9<@a ] ' ¼` b X ¼N<�À ' Cc d e f9g;<W» ] Cc ½ h f9<4. ¿ '() i4j4kL¾ ½< % '(l ;mn o p<4< / CZq[ Cn Co ¾h9 : rstUK&IJR�O1uv01P�Áwh x hy9 p<4?@' Cc C ¾ B 9 :<5E&/zn { ¼9 ¾h|9 :<4\ / Cc h { 9 :<4_@'(} W : b D ~�/ B C� W : b D?@a ' ��� b W : C�

Translation III.20 221

a table for this tasyır for every thirty days and for each day in order to make iteasy to obtain it when it is needed.9

[8] Among them the tasyır of the sign of the intiha’ and another indicatormove approximately one degree and four minutes every day. At the beginning ofthe next year it passes by all the planets in the ascendant of the <preceding>revolution and their rays, and completes a rotation, and one sign in addition toit, and it reaches the sign of the intiha’ belonging to the next year at the samedegree of the base <nativity>. This is called the monthly tasyır. I have set downa table for this sort of tasyır also for every thirty days and for each day in orderto make it easy to obtain it when it is needed.10

[9] Among them the tasyır of the degree of the ascendant of the revolution,its house, and its planets move fifty-nine minutes and eight seconds every day.The operation in this becomes easy because of the tables of the mean <motion>

of the Sun in the Zıj.11

[10] The tasyır of the sign of the intiha’ from the ascendant and its degreeamong the <various> types of tasyırs <indicate> the conditions of the bodyand whatever concerns it; <that> from the sign of the lot of fortune and itsdegree <indicate> the condition of happiness and wealth; <that> from the signof the Sun and its degree <indicate> the matter of rank and honor; and <that>from the sign of midheaven and its degree <indicate> the conditions of worksand crafts. In this <way> each place and each planet is <used> for what itindicates.

[11] When the indicators of the base <nativity> announce good luck orill luck by their arrival at a benefic or malefic <planet> in one of the years,they become good or bad because one of the two (i.e., a good or a bad planet)<is> in one of the cardines of the revolution of this year <and> there is afulfilment of what was announced by it (indicator). As to the thing which thebase <nativity> announces and which the revolution does not witness as we havesaid, this hardship can be overcome. That which the revolution announces andwhich the base <nativity> does not witness is more insignificant than it, unlessthere is a gathering of witnesses there and of indicators from the cardines and sothat the matters in it are confirmed.

[12] When the benefics witness all the malefics of the base <nativity> andof the revolution by their aspect or by their application, then they undo <theireffects> unless the malefic planets are powerful and the benefic is weak so thatit is unable to undo <their effects>.

9See the first table of this chapter.10See the second table of this chapter.1159; 8◦ per day is the mean solar motion. The Chinese translation gives this table for twelve

months.

矢野道雄
矢野道雄
矢野道雄

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Translation III.20 223

[13] Many astrologers go into details concerning the operation in the revo-lution so that they revolve it month by month, week by week, and day by day.Even if this is part of the art <of astrology>, it is one of the branches which arefar from the bases, and generalization of the teaching in it concerning its judg-ment is impossible but they are dependent on coincidences, even though papersare filled with them. Many foolish talks concerning it occur according to themaster of the revolution, and the bulkiness of the details and the abundance ofthe papers without usefulness coming to him or any result depending to it pleasehim. I wish we could fulfil what we have described in this chapter and complete,so that we may carry out its truth. We need to distinguish between its goodnessand its badness, happiness and misfortune, and the mutual reception of witnessescommendable and blameworthy so that we might summarize what is evident ofwhat the cutting can do to him.

[14] If one desires that the the months revolve, one should derive the as-cendant at the Sun’s arrival at the same degrees of the base <nativity> in eachsign. This is the ascendant of the month. The planets which are reckoned for thistime will be the planets of the month. Make the ascendant of the revolution andthe sign12 of the intiha’ the two indicators of the first month. And the second<place> from the ascendant of the revolution and the second sign of the intiha’

and the ascendant of the second month are the indicators of the second month.And in this order <continue> up to the end of the twelfth month of the year.

[15] The tasyır of the indicators of the month is on <the assumption> thatto one sign belong two and one third days,13 and it judges about the fortune andthe misfortune in it for two and one third days, and the second sign for (another)two and one third days after it, and analogously in this manner until the twelvesigns are exhausted in approximately twenty-eight days. These days are equal tothe tasyır of the month which I have mentioned before,14 and this is for eachday one degree and four minutes approximately.

12G’s original hand ends here. The following text and translation are mainly based on F.13This is approximate. Actually this tasyır moves 390◦ per 365 days, thus 30◦ per 2 5

13days.14Cf. 3.20.8.

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Translation III.20 225

[16] If we understand the revolution we make its computation. Its operationsare based on what we have explained in the Zıj.15 We know the signs of theintiha’ and their lords on the basis of what we previously mentioned. And wereckon the planets of the revolution and we know their rays and we derive thelot just as we derived it in the base <nativity>. Then we draw the lines of thediagram (za’iraja) and we separate the twelve houses for each of the following: theascendant of the base, the sign of the intiha’, and the ascendant of the revolution,just as we have drawn in the example which comes at the end of this chapter afterthe table.

[17] We assign the first of the three divisions to the ascendant of the base,and its planets by the computation of what is located to them. The second divi-sion is for the sign of the intiha’ only, and the third division is for the ascendantof the revolution and its planets. This is the foundation of the diagram. Then weplace it between our hands, and we concentrate our attention on it, and we judgeabout it according to our effort and ability. We are helped by God the Exaltedwho is powerful and great and we receive Him and ask Him for guidance and inHim is success, the guidance to correctness. The table of tasyırs follows.

[18] An example of using these tables: the intiha’ is Taurus twenty degreesand the remainder of the year is three months and ten days. The intiha’ is atthis <time> at Taurus 28◦13′ by the yearly tasyır, and by the monthly tasyır itis at Virgo 6◦50′.

15Cf. Kusyar’s al-Zıj al-Jami ↪, Fatih 3418, fol. 28b–30b, Berlin 5751, p. 24.

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Translation III.20 227

Yearly tasyırs 1 sign per 1 solar year16

months deg. min. days deg. min. days deg. min.

1 2 28 1 0 5 16 1 192 4 56 2 0 10 17 1 24

3 7 24 3 0 15 18 1 294 9 12 4 0 20 19 1 345 12 19 5 0 25 15 1 39

6 14 47 6 0 30 21 1 437 17 15 7 0 34 22 1 48

8 19 43 8 0 40 23 1 539 22 12 9 0 44 24 1 58

10 24 40 10 0 49 25 2 3

11 27 7 11 0 54 26 2 812 29 35 12 0 59 27 2 13

In a solar year 13 1 4 28 2 18which is 365 and 14 1 9 29 2 231/4 days, 1 sign 15 1 14 30 2 28

Monthly tasyırs, 13 signs per 1 solar year17

months sig. deg. min. days sig. deg. min. days sig. deg. min.

1 1 2 3 1 0 1 4 16 0 17 62 2 4 6 2 0 2 8 17 0 18 10

3 3 6 9 3 0 3 12 18 0 19 144 4 8 13 4 0 4 16 19 0 20 185 5 10 16 5 0 5 20 20 0 21 22

6 6 12 19 6 0 6 24 21 0 22 267 7 14 22 7 0 7 29 22 0 23 31

8 8 16 26 8 0 8 33 23 0 24 359 9 18 29 9 0 9 37 24 0 25 39

10 10 20 33 10 0 10 41 25 0 26 43

11 11 22 36 11 0 11 45 26 0 27 4712 12 24 40 12 0 12 49 27 0 28 51

In a solar year 13 0 13 53 28 0 29 55which is 365 and 14 0 14 58 29 1 0 591/4 days, 13 signs 15 0 16 2 30 1 2 3

16First three columns give the motion of tasyır for each 30 days.365d : 30◦ ≈ 30d : 2; 28◦

365d : 30◦ ≈ 360d : 29; 35◦

The remaining 25 minutes are for the five day epagomena.The next six columns give the daily motion of tasyır.

Since 365/30 ≈ 4.93, the difference in adjacent lines is sometimes 4 instead of 5.17The first four columns give the monthly tasyır; 365d : 390◦ ≈ 30d : 1s2◦3′.

During the epagomena it moves 5◦20′.The next eight columns give the daily tasyır; 365d : 390◦ ≈ 1d : 1◦4′.

矢野道雄
矢野道雄
51

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Translation III.20 229

Lordsof the

the Triplicities

eighthfromthebase ninthfromthebase tenthfromthebase

eleventh

fromth

ebase

twelfth

fromth

ebase

ascendan

tof

the

base

second from the basethird from the basefourth from the base

fift

hfr

omth

ebas

esi

xth

from

the

bas

ese

venth

from

the

bas

e

fourthfromtheintiha’

fifthfromtheintiha’

sixthfromtheintiha’

seventh

fromth

ein

tiha’

eighth

fromth

ein

tiha’

nin

thfrom

the

intih

a’

tenth from theintiha’

eleventh from theintiha’

twelfth fromthe intiha’

sign

ofth

ein

tiha’

seco

nd

from

the

intiha’

thir

dfr

omth

ein

tiha’

ascendant of transfersecond

thir

dfo

urt

hfift

h

sixth seventh eighth

nin

thten

theleven

th

twelfth

planet

planet planet planet

planet

planet

V’s variant example:Its example: the intiha’ arrived from the Sun at the beginning of the eighteenthdegree of Taurus which is the term of Jupiter. Then we know the rising-time ofthe beginning of the eighteenth degree and the rising-time of this twenty-seconddegree which is the end of <the term of> Jupiter in accordance with the Sun’sdistance from a cardine. We subtract the smaller of the two rising-times fromthe greater of the two, and what remains is one year for each degree and six andone sixth days for each minute.

230 Part III Chapter 21

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�%(@� �% �A B1� instead of�%�A �%(@� BC�

16JV T�5 ��� passim.

17J �?�� �--

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Translation III.21 231

Chapter Twenty One: On the Calculation of Prorogators 1

[1] This chapter belongs better to a Zıj, and we have mentioned it there <in theZıj>. We intend to mention it in this book so that it might be comprehensivewhen it is needed.

[2] There are different kinds of tasyırs, all of which are easy to handle andclear in their operations except this one kind, that is, for each year one degreein rising-time. It is called the greatest tasyır because it is the slowest and theheaviest of them. It is necessary to treat first the computational introduction,i.e., the knowledge of the seasonal hours which are between a cardine and thestars.

[3]2 Should the planet be between the tenth <place> and the ascendantor between the seventh and the fourth, we take its distance from the tenth orfrom the fourth by <the rising-time> on the equator. Should <the planet> bebetween the ascendant and the fourth, we take the its distance from the ascendantin the rising-time of the city. Should it be between the seventh and the tenth,we take the distance of its <diametrically> opposite point from the ascendantin the rising-time of the city. Then, if the planet is above the earth, we dividethe distance by the <equinoctial> degrees of an hour of its degree. If it is underthe earth, we divide the distance by the <equinoctial> degrees of an hour ofthe opposite place to the planet’s degree. What results is the <seasonal> hoursof the distance <of the planet> from the cardine, and the distance of whateverprecedes it (i.e., the cardine).

[4]3 As for the degree of the tenth <place> and the fourth and whatever isin them, we move them by the rising-time of the equator, then we subtract therising-time of one of the two cardines from the rising-time of the degree to whichwe have moved, in the rising-time of the equator, and what remains is: for eachdegree one year, and for each minute six days. As for the degree of the ascendantand whatever is in it, we subtract its rising-time at the city from the rising-timeof the degree to which we have moved. As for the degree of the descendant, wesubtract the rising-time of the ascendant from the rising-time of the opposite ofthe degree to which we have moved.

[5] If the degree is between two cardines, we take its rising-time in theequator and <that> in the city, and we multiply

1The Arabic text of this and the following chapters is mainly based on F. This is the reasonthat present translation is a little different from the previous one in Yano and Viladrich [1991].

2In this section the distance (d) in space of a point (simply called ‘star’ or ‘degree’ in thischapter, but according to some authors mutaqaddima), is converted into temporal distance (h)by h = d/m, where m is the horary magnitude, i.e., the length of one seasonal hour. Cf. 3.3.11.See the figure on page 235.

3This section gives the special case where the ‘degree’ coincides with one of the cardines.See 3.3.9.

矢野道雄

232 Part III Chapter 21

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Translation III.21 233

their difference by the <seasonal> hours of the distance of the degree from thecardine, and we divide it (the product) by six. What results is the equation.4

[6] If the degree is between the ascendant and the tenth or in its opposite,and <thus> the excess belongs to the rising-time of the equator, we subtract theequation from it; otherwise we add the equation to it. If the degree is betweenthe ascendant and the fourth or in its opposite, and <thus> the excess belongsto the rising-time of the city, we subtract the equation from it; otherwise we addthe equation to it.5 What results is the rising-time of this degree depending onits location.6

[7] Next, we obtain the rising-time of the degree to which we have moved itby exactly the same operation,7 or <we use the seasonal> hours of the distanceof the ‘first degree’ from the mentioned cardine. Then we subtract the rising-timeof the first degree from the rising-time of the second degree. What remains is: foreach degree one year and for each minute six days approximately, and 5 secondsof a day exactly.8

[8] If the time is known9 and we want to know where the intiha’ has reachedfrom the assumed degree, <then the following computation is made>. If thedegree is the degree of the tenth or the fourth or the degree of a planet in them,we add to it the rising-time on the equator in the known time <in such a mannerthat there is> one degree for each year, one minute for every six days plus 5minutes of a day. What is obtained we make into an arc in the rising-time of theequator. And it is the intiha’ from that degree.

[9] If the degree is the degree of the ascendant and whatever is in it or thedegree of the descendant or whatever is in it, we add to the rising-time of theascendant: for each year one degree and for each six and 5 minutes of a day oneminute. What is obtained

4See the figure on page 235. The ‘equation’ (ta ↪dıl) of H (= C′D = ω′

H) and that of M (=C′M = ω′

M ) are obtained by:ω′

H = h6 × ωH , and ω′

M = h6 × ωM ,

where ωH and ωM are the ascentional difference of H ad M, respectively. See Yano et.al. [1992].5This sentence is omitted by J.6In this operation the rising-time of H = (αH ± ω′

H) was obtained.7The ascention M = αM ± ω′

M .8tasyır= H′C′ = (αH ± ω′

H) − (αM ± ω′

M ).9The following is just a reverse problem, i.e., getting the arc of tasyır from a given span of

life. The process is again divided into three special cases and one general case.

234 Part III Chapter 21

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instead of *#�M��� � � � %)P���� �

Translation III.21 235

we make into an arc in the rising-time of the city. And it is the intiha’ from theascendant, and its opposite is the intiha’ from the descendant.

[10] If the degree is between two cardines, we add to each one of its rising-times, <that> in the equator and <that> in the city the excess which we havementioned, and we make each one of them into an arc in its rising-time. Then wetake the difference between these two arcs and we multiply it by the <seasonal>hours of the distance which belongs to the degree from the cardine and we divideit by six. What results from the division is the equation.10

[11] If the degree is between the tenth and the ascendant or in the oppositeand the excess belongs to an arc of the rising-time of the equator, we subtract theequation from it; otherwise we add the equation to it. If the degree is betweenthe fourth and the ascendant or in the opposite and the excess belongs to an arcof the rising-time of the city, then we subtract the equation from it; otherwisewe add the equation to it. What results is the intiha’ from that degree. We havefinished the third Part with this chapter. Success is in God, who inproves us andis pleased with His representative.11

10ω′

M = h6 × ωM .

11 I have attached a figure to facillitate the understanding.N: North on the horizonS: South on the horizonP: North PoleM: mutaqaddima

H: haylaj

HS N

EF

X X′

P

H′

C′

M′

D MC

Figure

236 Part IV Chapter 1

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Translation IV.1 237

Part IV On Choices in General in Three Chapters

1. On Choices in General2. On the Division of Choices According to the Arrangement Proper to theTwelve Places3. On the Conclusion of this Book

Chapter One: On Choices in General

[1] A ‘choice’ is the goodness of the selected time, its suitability for the desiredobject, and its being mixed with the lord of the ascendant in a good mixture.

[2] When the choice is not in agreement with the base <nativity> or therevolution, [the benefits from it are scarce],1 and when <the choice> is injuredin the base or in the revolution it gives harm to him together with what is notuseful to him, and for this reason only one choice, the one without the other,benefits him. The two (the base and revolution) are close to each other in beingready to receive the efficiency of the choice.

[3] The proper condition of each one of the choices is based on the goodnessof the Moon and its reception, the goodness of the lord of <the Moon’s> house,the goodness of the house of the desired object, the goodness of its lord, thegoodness of the planet of the intended object, the goodness of the lord of itshouse, the goodness of the ascendant and its lord, and the goodness of the fourcardines.

[4] Every matter that has a time when it is done every day or every weekor every month — <for such matters> it is customary that there is no need ofmaking choices.

1Words in [ ] are omitted by B.

238 Part IV Chapter 1

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Translation IV.1 239

[5] Those matters which we want to get out of quickly and whose long-termduration we do not want — for such <matters> we choose the ascendant and theplace of the Moon among the tropical signs, out of which the swiftest in change isCancer. Let them be made fortunate <and> let there be a change of the mattertoward goodness. <Those matters> which we want to do, then we come backto again — for them we choose the bicorporeal signs. <Those matters> whosestability and duration we want — for them we choose the fixed signs, out of whichthe most effective in stability is Leo. Let there be <planets> made fortunate or<ones> not injured.

[6] The diurnal signs are more suitable for the choices by day, and thenocturnal signs are better for the choices by night. This is when they (i.e., thesesigns) are ascending or <when> the Moon is in them.

[7] The Moon in the ascendant is bad in all choices except in buying andselling when it is made fortunate.

[8] There is no hindrance to choices <when> the malefics aspect from trineand sextile and the benefics aspect from quartile and opposition.

[9] The cadence of the lord of the Moon’s house from the cardines as wellas its maleficence indicate the badness of the consequence of each choice, and itis not benefitted much by the goodness of the Moon’s condition.

[10] When the lord of the house of the <intended> object is a malefic, itdoes not influence it from the cardines, but it effects it in the eleventh or ninth orthird or fifth <house> except when the choice is concerning a search with harm,riots, and wars.

[11] When there is no goodness of the Moon in the choice, we cause oneof the two benefics to be in the ascendant or midheaven in the place of it (theMoon).

240 Part IV Chapter 2

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V ����� ���� instead of���6�� ��

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�� ; V follows this construction throught this

chapter.

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Translation IV.2 241

Chapter Two: On the Division of Choices According to the Arrange-

ment Proper to the Twelve Places

<Ascendant>1

[1] Bathing: the Moon’s being in <either of> the two houses of Mars orJupiter is desirable on entering a bath. The Moon’s being in <one of> the waterysigns <is desirable> at the time of shaving one’s hair, unless the Moon is in <oneof> the signs which have no hair or in Virgo.

[2] Cutting out clothes and dressing in them: concerning the cutting out ofnew clothes and dressing in them, the Moon’s being in <one of> the fixed signsis undesirable, the worst of them (i.e., fixed signs) being Leo. Such is the case<when the Moon is> with the body of the malefics, in quartile with them, andin opposition to them. Its application to Venus is desirable.

<Second place>

[3] Molding gold and silver: concerning the molding of gold and silver, whatis desirable is the Moon’s being in <one of> the fiery signs, and <the Moon> isaspecting the Sun from trine or sextile or <aspecting> Mars in the same way, or<aspecting> the two benefics, whatever the case may be.

[4] Buying: concerning buying, what is desirable is that the Moon be ap-plying to the benefics or to the lot of fortune in a house of Jupiter, and the twobenefics aspect it from cardines or from a good place.

[5] Selling: concerning selling, it is desirable that the Moon be separatingfrom a benefic <and> applying to <another> benefic. The Moon’s applying toa malefic does not harm the buyer.

[6] Partnership: concerning partnership, the Moon’s being in a bicorporealsign, applying to the benefics, and being received by them are desirable.

[7] Transfer of property: concerning the transfer of property for trade, whatis desirable is the Moon’s applying to Mercury,

1Headers for twelve places are supplied by V.

242 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 243

its being received by it, the goodness of the second house (i.e., place) and its lord,and the goodness of the eleventh <place> and its lord.

<Third place>

[8] Riding a horse: what is desirable concerning <riding a horse> is theMoon’s being in <one of> the tropical signs in trine or sextile from Mars, andaspecting Jupiter.

[9] Disclosure and the revealing of matters: concerning this what is desirableis the Moon’s being in <one of> the tropical signs and aspecting to the Sun, andboth of them (i.e., the Sun and the Moon) aspecting the ascendant, and theascendant being made fortunate.

[10] The hiding of things and secreting them: concerning this the Moon’sbeing under the <Sun’s> rays, its moving into conjunction, or the lord of theascendant being similarly <situated>, and the two luminaries not aspecting theascendant — these are desirable when there is secrecy. When someone wants tokeep a secret, then what is desirable in it is the separation of the Moon from theconjunction, while it is under the <Sun’s> rays or above the earth, applying to abenefic under the earth, and the lord of the ascendant being similarly <situated>.

[11] Writing books: concerning the writing of books the Moon’s being in<one of> the tropical signs, its applying to the planet which is the indicator ofthe nature of the man to whom it is written <are desirable>. If <the writing is>to the governor <its applying to> the Sun, and if <the writing is> to a scientistor a judge, <its applying> to Jupiter <are desirable>. Let <the Moon> bereceived by it. Analogically <in other cases>.

[12] Moving from place to place: concerning this the Moon’s being in thethird <place> while the third and its lord and the ascendant and its lord aremade fortunate are desirable.

<Fourth place>

[13] Building: concerning building, that is, when bricks are laid for raisingup <houses>, what is desirable is the Moon’s being in <one of> the earthy signs,applying to a planet in its exaltation or in an airy sign, the Moon’s latitude beingnorthern, ascending and increasing, the planet’s latitude being similarly while theplanet is easterly. Concerning the building of a fort, Saturn’s being in Libra orAquarius

244 Part IV Chapter 2

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J om.

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J \��;

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J <��-7 ; V�966��-5�

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J �� instead of �

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65J �3 ��7

Translation IV.2 245

while it is eastern and in midheaven <are desirable>.

[14] Pulling down: concerning the pulling down <of houses> what is de-sirable are the Moon’s separation from a malefic and its application to a beneficwhile the benefic is easterly or the Moon is above the earth applying to a planetunder the earth, the Moon’s latitude being southern and descending. Concern-ing the pulling down of a fort, the injury of the Moon, its being in its dejection,Saturn’s cadence from the cardines, its weakness, and its injurye <are desirable>.

[15] Buying land: concerning the buying of land what is desirable is theMoon’s being in <one of> the earthy signs, applying to the benefics, being re-ceived by them while the fourth house (i.e., place) and its lord are made fortunateand the Moon is in sextile or trine to Saturn and Saturn is received in its place.

[16] Digging canals and rivers: concerning digging canals and rivers whatis desirable is the Moon’s being in the third or fifth <place> in a watery sign,applying to Saturn from trine or sextile while Saturn is easterly, direct in motion,and the watery signs being made fortunate.

[17] Planting trees: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’s being in<one of> the fixed signs or bicorporeal signs while the ascendant is a fixed sign,its lord being easterly, the Moon and the lord of the ascendant applying to thebenefics, and the benefics being in the airy signs.

[18] Sowing and seeds: concerning them what is desirable is the Moon’sbeing in Cancer or in Virgo or in Capricorn or in Taurus applying to the beneficswhile the ascendant is one of these signs and its lord is made fortunate.

<Fifth place>

[19] Seeking a child: concerning it what is desirable is the Moon’s being ina masculine sign in trine to the Sun

246 Part IV Chapter 2

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BF ����/ %%"��� omitting � ��� ���71

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J =<� 4&73

V add. ?����� �';�� � �74FJ =<� 4&� ; V 23��4& �

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Translation IV.2 247

while the ascendant and its lord are in masculine signs which have been madefortunate and safe from the malefics, and the cardines are likewise.

[20] Foster relationship: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’ssafety, and its application to Venus which is in direct motion and increasing invelocity without being injured.

[21] Weaning <a baby>: concerning weaning what is desirable is that theMoon is safe, being far from the Sun’s rays, applying to the lord of its housewhile the lord of the ascendant or the lord of the Moon’s house (i.e., sign) are in<one of> the earthy signs which are indicators of plants.

[22] Putting a child to education: concerning this what is desirable is theMoon’s being in <one of> the signs which have the form of a man, namely, theairy signs, Virgo, and the first half of Sagittarius, conjoining with or applyingto Mercury, both of them (the Moon and Mercury) being aspected by maleficswhile Mercury is easterly and the lord of their house aspects them safe frommaleficence.

<Sixth place>

[23] Treatment of the head by vomiting and gargling: concerning the treat-ment of the head by vomiting and gargling what is desirable is the Moon’s beingin Aries or Taurus, the ascendant being one of these two while the Moon iswaning, is made fortunate, and is safe from maleficence.

[24] Treatment of the sick by medication: concerning this what is desirableis the Moon’s being in a sign which is opposite to the nature of the disease,applying to a planet similarly, while this (planet) is aspected by a benefic.

[25] Giving an enema: concerning it the Moon’s being in Libra or Scorpio,applying to the benefics, and increasing in light are desirable.

[26] Purgative medication:2 concerning it what is desirable is the Moon’sbeing in <one of> the watery signs, southern in its latitude, descending in it(i.e., southern latitude), being above the earth and applying to a planet whichis below the earth except in the fourth <place>, and being made fortunate byVenus.

2F: ‘Drinking of the purgative’.

248 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 249

It does not matter if it is in trine or sextile to Mars. <The Moon> quickens theaction of purging if it is not conjoined with Jupiter which weakens the purgingin its action.

[27] Touching the eyes with iron:3 what is desirable concerning touchingthe eyes with iron is the Moon’s application to Jupiter or Venus, both of whichare above the earth while the Moon is increasing in light, distant from the raysof Mars and in a fortunate aspect from the Sun.

[28] Bloodletting and cupping: concerning this what is undesirable is theMoon’s being in the sign of the limb which is touched by the iron except when abenefic is powerful with <the Moon>. Aries belongs to the head, Gemini to thehands, Taurus to the throat, and Leo to the back. Let the Moon be safe frommaleficence or let it be made fortunate, decreasing the light. It does not matterwhether it is in trine or sextile from Mars.

[29] Circumcision:4 concerning it what is undesirable is the Moon’s beingin Scorpio with the aspect of Mars from wherever it is. So let the Moon be in <asign> other than Scorpio, decreasing in light, applying to Jupiter or Venus. Itdoes not matter in this case if it is in trine or sextile to Mars. As for the aspectof Saturn, neither <does it matter>.

[30] Buying slaves: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’s being in<one of> the signs which have the form of a man while the ascendant is likewise.Let the Moon and the ascendant and the lords of the two be safe from maleficence,the lord of the sixth <place> of the temperament of the lord of the ascendant ina good temperament while the cardines are free from the malefics.

[31] Freeing white slaves: what is desirable concerning it is the Moon’sincreasing in light, applying to a benefic while the benefic is easterly, and theascendant and its lord are made fortunate.

3Probably removing of cataracts.4Paragraphs [29] and [31] are missing in the Chinese translation.

250 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 251

<Seventh place>

[32] Marriage contract: what is undesirable concerning marriage contractis the Moon’s being in a fixed sign, even if it is in the twelfth, sixth, or eighth<place> and in Aries, Cancer, Capricorn, Aquarius, or in a sign in which one ofthe two malefics is. Let this be when the Moon is applying to a benefic — Venusis the fittest <of the benefics> — I mean a benefic in a good place.

[33] Marriage with wife: what is desirable concerning this is the Moon’sbeing in Taurus, Leo, Gemini, or Virgo, while it is aspected by Venus, and Venusis in a good place without injury.

[34] Expedition to war: what is desirable concerning this is the Moon’s beingin a tropical sign when the ascendant is one of the houses of the superior planets— the most powerful of them being the two houses of Mars — and Mars is in trineor in sextile with it. Let the lord of the ascendant be in a fixed or bicorporeal<sign> or in the ascendant or in the tenth or eleventh <place>. [Its being in thefourth, seventh, eighth <place> is most dangerous unless it is powerful.] 5 Causethe lord of the seventh place to be in the ascendant or in the second <place>without being received or applying to a planet which is cadent and which is notreceiving. What is undesirable is that <the lord of the descendant>6 is in thefourth <place>, because here is its power. Also it is undesirable that the lord ofthe second <place> is in the eighth <place>. What is desirable is the lord ofthe eighth <place> being in the second <place>, because the second <place>belongs to the helpers of those who go forth and the eighth <place> belongs tothe helpers of enemies[, definitely from the more suitable of the stars of combat,Mars, and Mercury.]7 The rulership of the lord of the ascendant over the lord ofthe seventh, the application of the lord of the seventh to the lord of the ascendantfrom trine or sextile — these are welcome to those who want peace. Mars’ beingin the tenth <place> when the benefic which has a share in the ascendant is withit <is welcome> to those who want killing when this benefic has no witness inthe seventh. The power and beneficence of the lord of the house of the lord ofthe ascendant are desirable even if it is easterly. What is undesirable is that

5JV (also Chinese tr.) omit the words in [ ].6Supplied by to the Chinese translation.7JV omit the words in [ ].

252 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 253

the lord of the house of the lord of the seventh is in this situation.

[35] Search for fugitives: concerning the search for fugitives what is desirableis the Moon’s aspect to the lord of its house (i.e., the sign where the Moon is),applying to it from trine or sextile while it is above the earth and injured by amalefic.

<Eighth place>

[36] Advising a sick person: concerning advising a sick person what is de-sirable is the Moon’s being in a fixed sign while the ascendant and its lord aremade fortunate, and the cardines are free from the malefics.

<Ninth place>

[37] Journey on land: concerning journey on land, namely, when one beginsgoing out of his place, what is desirable is the Moon’s being in <one of> thesigns which are wild and dry — a tropical sign is the best fitted for this —the goodness of the ascendant, its lord, the indicators of the journey, and theindicators of the thing desired on this journey, and their beneficence or theirsafety from the malefics, especially from Mars.

[38] Journey on the sea: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’sbeing in <one of> the watery signs, its safety from the malefics, especially fromSaturn, and the beneficence of the ascendant, its lord, and the cardines.

[39] Entering a city: concerning entering a city what is desirable is thebeneficence of the Moon, the beneficence of the second <place> and its lord, thebeneficence of the ascendant and its lord, their being in the good places fromthe ascendant, and the lot of fortune’s being in the ascendant or in midheavenaspecting the lord of the ascendant. Let the lord of the second <place> be abovethe earth, and the Moon be either above the earth or applying to a planet abovethe earth, except when the entry is <to be made> secretly; then (i.e., when it issecret) one causes the Moon to be separating from the conjunction without goingout from under the <Sun’s> rays, applying to a benefic below the earth exceptin the fourth <place>.

<Tenth place>

[40] Recognition <as a king> and sitting on the throne of a king: concerningrecognition and sitting on the throne of a king,

254 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 255

what is desirable is the existence of the Moon, the ascendant, and its lord inone of the two houses of Jupiter in Leo and Scorpio, and the benefics being inthe cardines, especially in midheaven, while the lord of the house of the lord ofmidheaven is made fortunate, powerful and easterly and the beneficence of theSun or its safety from the malefics.

[41] Hoisting a flag: concerning this what is desirable is the ascendant, itslord, the Moon, and the lord of its house (i.e., sign) <are good>,8 their beingin good places, direct in motion, swift, and easterly. If one of these three planetsis in trine to the Sun, or if Mars is received by the two, it is better.

[42] Lowering a flag: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’s being ina bicorporeal sign in the cardines, being received by <one of> benefics, increasingin light and ascending to the north, while the ascendant is also a bicorporeal signand made fortunate. If one desires that it should not be hoisted after this (i.e.,after lowering) for the person for whom he had hoisted it, then let the Moon bein a fixed sign and the ascendant likewise, and let the Moon be in the twelfth<place> or in the sixth <place> uninjured by some of the malefics.

[43] Introducing taxes: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’s beingin one of the two houses of Saturn, and its application to Saturn from trine orsextile, while midheaven is a fixed sign.

[44] Promoting a needed person to government: concerning this what isdesirable is the Moon’s being in a fixed sign or a bicorporeal sign in trine orsextile to the ascendant. It does not matter if it is in quartile when the ascendantis a fixed sign or

8‘are good’ is supplied by J.

256 Part IV Chapter 2

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Translation IV.2 257

a bicorporeal sign, the lord of the ascendant is in trine or sextile of the ascendant,at the time of the conjunction and a benefic is in the ascendant or in the seventh<place> with the lot of fortune — these are good for asking for the jobs withthe government; similarly at the time of the opposition when a benefic is in theseventh because the lot of fortune happens to be with a benefic. If there is amalefic in place of the benefic, it is harmful.

[45] Appealing to authority: what is desirable is the Moon’s being in whatis between the <first> quadrature to the Sun up to opposition while the Moonand the ascendant are free from the malefics and the lord of the ascendant is in agood place, to which the lord of the seventh place is applying, or is in the tenth<place> from the lord of the seventh <place>. Let the Moon be separating fromit, powerful from applying to it, and the lot of fortune be in the ascendant ormidheaven.

<Eleventh place>

[46] Agreement: what is desirable is the Moon’s being in a fixed sign, freefrom the malefics while the cardines are free from them, the lord of the eleventh<place> aspects the ascendant or applies to the lord of the ascendant from trineor sextile, and the Moon is applying to a planet which belongs to the genre offriends; if <the genre> belongs to female, it is Venus, and if it belongs to childrenor scribes it is Mercury, and <so on> analogously.

<Twelfth place>

[47] Buying animals: concerning this what is desirable is the Moon’s beingin a fixed sign except Aquarius and Scorpio while the ascendant is a bicorporealsign, the Moon is applying to a benefic, direct in motion and easterly.

258 Part IV Chapter 2–3

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Translation IV2–3 259

[48] Setting out for hunting on land: concerning setting out for hunting whatis desirable is the Moon’s being in a bicorporeal sign and similarly the ascendantwhile the lord of the ascendant is powerful and fortunate, the lord of the seventh<place> diminishing in motion in a succedent, the Moon is separating from Mars,Mars is in a good place from the ascendant, and the lord of the Moon’s house(i.e., sign) aspects it. What is undesirable is the Moon’s being “empty” in motionand its being in a tropical sign and in the last part of <one of> signs, the cadenceof the lord of its house from it, and its application to Saturn.

[49] Hunting in the sea: concerning this what is desirable is the ascendant’sbeing a bicorporeal sign except Pisces while its lord is in a watery sign, theMoon is in a watery sign aspecting the lord of its house (i.e., sign), the lord ofthe ascendant is aspecting the lord of its house, and the Moon is increasing inlight. What is undesirable is <the Moon’s being> “empty” in motion, applyingto Mars, and the ascendant’s being a watery sign.

Chapter Three: On the Conclusion of this Book

[1] Since we have collected in this book a sufficient amount of the fumdamentalsof the art <of astrology> and its branches, and we have pointed toward theway of managing and applying them, speaking about them. What is sufficientwithout them is a the good disposition, intelligent ideas, and clear view aresatisfied without theological discussion (kalam) on it, we intended to cut off thediscussion belonging to it.

[2] When one of the matters which are dependent on the art has camesto us, we have corrected the view of it, and we have distinguished between thebeneficent

260 Part IV Chapter 3

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Translation IV.3 261

and the injured and between the strong and the weak. We have contrasted goodevidences and bad ones with each other, so that we may outline the greater partso that we may make a judgment upon it.

[3] We do not ever give a judgment on a matter unless there are two strongwitnesses, nor do we believe in a judgment except after long reflection, extensiveexamination, and clear consideration. We conclude the fourth Part (maqala) withthis chapter, and this book (kitab) with this Part.

[4] Thank God, the lord of the two worlds. His grace be upon the prophet,our leader Muh. ammad, revealing evidence, his companions, the wonders of thesky and the stars. May there be guidance, blessing, and long lasting peace untilthe Day of Faith. God improves us and is pleased with His representative.

Appendix 1

Chinese Text of the Ming-yi tien-wen shu

• The following text is based on the two printed versions of the Ming-yi tien-wen shu, one

the Sibu congkan edition reprinted in Taiwan1 and the other published in Beijing.2

• In principle the readings of the Taiwan reprint have been entered in the main text and

the variant readings of the Beijing edition have been placed in the footnote with the

sigla B.

• The numbering of parts, chapters, and paragraphs in [ ] corresponds to that of the

Arabic text and English translation. Those paragraphs marked with [*] have no corre-

sponding ones in the Arabic text.

• When the difference of the Chinese text from the Arabic is remarkable an asterisk (*)

was added after the paragraph number.

• For the punctuation marks the Taiwan reprint edition have been followed in most cases.

• As far as possible the older forms of Chinese characters have been used.

1����������� ��� ������������������������

,no date.

2 !" �#$#�#�%�&�#�#'#(�, date is give only as

‘the year of yi-hai ( )*+ )’, i.e., the 11th sexagesimalcycle

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[4.2.41] �()*+,-.�� 8 . 7B�0�8����F � .

��� T F�O ��� 9-M .4-�

. ������-G�����. ��KB�-� � J-� U�� � � . B��G8; V .

� +�� ; V . ����F 4- . ����6 ��

� . � ���� ����9�M 4�� . ����G���� � .

2�� +��<=�� .

[4.2.42] ��/�.�� � . 7������,:#W �� �� . ��K��B��� J � � � .� ������:�W

�� � � . �#� ���� 9BM .

[4.2.43] ��/�X >�0 . 7������,� �� Q,#�

� �� . ��� ��5 F? � .

[4.2.44] ����1,Y � Z�$ . 7������ � �#:W �#���� /��� �� . � � �� .

����� � ��:�W .

[4.2.45*] ����2�3 . 7��R����:BW . � �

�-G���R� ��H � � . @���� � � . ���G���R� �-3 � � . @��� � � ��A F . 4����5�$ .

3 [#6�\#]�7 . �6�7��1� � . 7���/�� ��8 . *^1 ��8 . ����� ��9 S .�I:

. ;BS��� � . B . S�� � ��<���S � ���= M .

[4.2.46*] ��C�D�>�? . 7�� �8� # . � �

�'���; � C�D %@A ' � . � T � ���� 9�8 .B �C���� 1 ��8 . ��� ��5 ��F ���� �98. �� �����98 4� .

[4.2.47] �#_D�E . 7��B�9��)�* �18�

�� ��9�8 . 6 � � 4�� . ����G � � . ����6��� ��FG . ���� �#����FG .

[4.2.48] �#7HI*J�� 8 . ���-�+��F�G .�

������F-G .#��� ��� �-8 . ��� = M .

��� ��A F "�#� � �KL���� . E�E � ` . ����-�&��� J-� 9 IM � . �-�+�� ����N M �98

.M � ��� . ��� � ) .

B ��� � ��98. � B �-�6� �� . .����� ���� � 9�8 .

� B�O ��98 .

[4.2.49] ��P�Q�R(S �#a . ��������R�T�� J� #���9��� /��� � 8 .B 1 ��8 .

� ��FG .

B ��RT . ,����N ���R�T . �9�8

. �,� "��� ��R�T . �R�T "��� �8.B )�R�F � M ��9�8 .

N ��)�R�F � ��� 98 .

� ;UV W�C�]�@�6�b���X[4.3] 4�Y�0�c-Z�[R��G�^1,��X . \�]�^�< .d_�`_

. �ab�e . [�6�b�c���]�d*e�F . ���5�d*f � $��-1 .

� � [ = Ggh � . i8��j�k� . 4�S��� � .

� e-l�m��nd . S�R1 � .�

e�l-m^1�d . H � ; = � 1 ��9o . f . d�B1&� .

Appendix 2

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation

This index is arranged in the order of the Arabic alphabet. The reference numbers are

in the order of part, chapter, and paragraph. In some short chapters (1.2, for example)

no paragraph break was introduced. Words with a common radical are put together and

separated by a slash (/). Feminine forms and/or plural forms are also put together under the

corresponding masculine singular form. Only plural or dual form is listed when its singular

form is not attestable in our text. Since the Chinese translation is not always consistent,

Chinese equivalents are not always found in the referred paragraphs. Geographical names

have been ommited from this list, because they appear only in one chapter, i.e., Madkhal

2.9.

æ

eleventh place�������

/�������

1.17.2; 1.19.4; 1.19.7; 1.20.11;

2.8.7; 2.9.37; 2.11.10; 3.6.1;

3.16.1–2; 4.1.10; 4.2.7; 4.2.34;

4.2.46

�� ����������� �

earthy ��� 1.11; 1.15.1; 1.15.5; 2.2.8;

2.3.2; 2.3.5; 2.6.3; 2.6.9; 2.8.2;

2.8.5; 2.9.5; 2.9.26; 2.12.20;

4.2.13; 4.2.15; 4.2.21

� ���� !"#$% &

Leo '�( � 1.8.4; 1.9.3–5; 1.11; 1.12.3–4;

1.13.1; 1.15.4; 1.17.3; 2.1.2;

2.7.1; 2.9.4; 2.9.12; 2.9.25;

2.12.7; 3.7.1; 3.15.2; 4.1.5;

4.2.2; 4.2.28; 4.2.33; 4.2.40

)�* % &

base/base nativity +�, 2.2.10; 2.12.14; 3.6.7–

8; 3.19.8; 3.19.10; 3.20FIG;

3.20.8; 3.20.11; 3.20.16–17;

4.1.2

)�- ./0 1 &23456% & 783456% &

horizon 9:;�< 1.4; 1.8.5; 2.8.3 => ? % &clime @�A 2.2.7; 2.12.17; 2.12.21 B � � - � C? % & 7 B � �DE C? &

%instruments FGH�IJK�L�MGN 1.1.1 CO:PQR &

298 Appendix 2

time instruments ������� 3.3.2 �� � ��� � � � ��� �clepsydra ���� 3.3.2 � � � � � ��� �feminine/female �� 1.10; 1.17.1; 2.12.15; 3.15.2 �� � �� ��

� � �� �� � �feminine �� 1.4; 1.5; 1.10; 1.11; 1.16.5;

3.6.9; 3.9.5

���� �� ����

apogee ����� 1.19.3; 2.3.3; 2.7.10–11; 2.8.5;

2.12.2–3

����� � �

beginning of eclipse ��� 2.9.22 �� � � ! � � � � � �" � � �body #$% 1.19.6; 2.2.3; 2.9.39; 2.11.5;

3.5.2; 3.5.4–7; 3.7.2; 3.10.5;

3.19.1; 3.19.7; 3.20.10

�& � � � � � � � �& � � �

cold/coldness ' 1.1.4; 1.1.7–8; 1.3; 1.5; 1.6.1–

2; 1.11; 2.5.3; 2.6.3; 2.6.5;

2.6.7–10; 2.7.6–7; 2.9.33;

2.12.20; 3.5.2; 3.18.2; 3.19.7

� ��() � � � �* � � � � � � �* � � � � � � � � � �

cooling *** 1.2 � � � � ) � ��sign

�passim � � � � � � � � � � � �

fixed sign � � 1.9.3–4; 2.1.3; 2.2.1; 2.9.30;

4.1.5; 4.2.2; 4.2.17; 4.2.32;

4.2.34; 4.2.36; 4.2.42–44;

4.2.46–47

�� � � � �� � � � � �

feminine sign � � 1.10; 1.11; 2.12.15; 3.6.9;

3.9.5; 3.15.2

� �� �� � � � � � � � � �� � �� ���� � � � � �

masculine sign + � 1.10; 1.11; 2.12.15; 3.6.9;

3.9.5; 3.12.6; 3.15.2; 4.2.19

�(, �� � � � � � � � �, ��-� � � � � �

equinoctial signs (du.) *** 2.9.29 �. ) � � � � �" � � � ��/ � � � �solstitial signs (du.) *** 2.9.29 �. ) � � �01 �2 ��� � � ��/ � � � �tropical (moving) sign 3 � 1.9.3–4; 2.1.3; 2.2.1; 2.4.2–3;

2.9.30; 3.8.2; 4.1.5; 4.2.8–9;

4.2.11; 4.2.34; 4.2.37; 4.2.48

� � � �2 �" � � � � � �

lightning 45 2.9.37 6 � � � �proof *** 1.1.1–5 �. ) �78 �� � � � �& � 8 � � �geometrical proofs *** 1.1.1 �9 �" � � � �" 8 �. ) ��8 �� � �slow in motion :; 2.8.9 �<) � � � � �=> �?@AB �Ptolemy CD�EFGH 1.15.8; 1.16.2–3; 1.17.3;

3.3.3–4

I � " �JK � @LB �

Hippocrates *** 3.2.3–6 M �� �2 � �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 299

country/city ��� 1.1.8; 2.4.7; 2.9.1–13; 2.9.16–

20

� � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �

phlegm *** 1.11 � �� � � �

house/place�

/����

1.13.1–2; 1.17.3–4; 1.17.7;

1.18.6; 1.19.2; 1.22.1–4; 2.2.6;

2.2.8; 2.6.1; 2.7.4; 2.12.15;

2.12.17; 2.12.21; 3.1.13; 3.3.4;

3.6.1; 3.6.9; 3.8.20; 3.20.9;

3.20.16; 4.1.3; 4.1.9–10; 4.2.1;

4.2.4; 4.2.21–22; 4.2.34–35;

4.2.40–41; 4.2.43; 4.2.48–49

�� � � � � � ��� � � �

(planet’s) own house � � / �� � 1.17.4 � � � � � � ��� � � �

under the rays � ���� 2.4.2; 3.1.5; 4.2.10; 4.2.39 � � � � � � ��� � �quartile ���� /

��� � /���

���1.3; 1.12.1; 1.13.2; 1.18.1;

2.4.1; 2.4.3; 2.12.19; 3.7.7;

3.15.1; 3.16.5; 4.1.8; 4.2.2;

4.2.44

� � � � � � ��

ninth place����

/�����

1.17.2; 1.19.4; 1.20.9; 2.8.7;

2.9.37; 2.11.10; 3.6.1; 3.6.9;

3.8.20; 3.17.1; 3.17.5; 4.1.10

� � � ��

trine ��� 1.3; 1.12.1; 1.13.2; 3.6.10;

3.6.12; 3.15.1; 3.16.5; 4.1.8;

4.2.3; 4.2.8; 4.2.15–16; 4.2.26;

4.2.28–29; 4.2.34–35; 4.2.41;

4.2.43–44; 4.2.46

�� � � � �� ��

third place� � /

� � � 1.17.2; 1.19.4; 1.20.3; 2.8.7;

2.11.10; 3.6.9; 3.10.8; 3.11.1;

4.1.10; 4.2.12; 4.2.16

�� � � ��

triplicity ��� 1.15.1; 1.15.4–8; 1.16.5;

1.18.6; 1.19.2; 1.22.1; 1.22.4;

2.6.3; 2.7.9; 2.9.2–7; 2.11.1–2;

2.11.12; 3.3.4; 3.4.4

�� �� �� ��

earthy triplicity �� 1.15.5; 2.6.3; 2.9.5 �� �� � �� � � � �� �� �� ��

watery triplicity !� 1.15.7; 2.6.3; 2.9.7; 2.11.12 �� �� � �� � �� �� �� ��

fiery triplicity "� 1.15.4; 2.6.3; 2.9.4 �� �� � � � �� �� �� �� ��

airy triplicity #� 1.15.6; 2.6.3; 2.9.6 �� �� � �� � � �� �� �� ��

300 Appendix 2

snow � 2.6.9; 2.7.6 � � � ��eighth place

���

/���

1.19.4; 1.20.8; 1.21.11; 2.5.2;

3.6.8; 3.18.1; 4.2.32; 4.2.34�� � � ��

second place� ���

/� ��

/ 1.10; 1.19.4–5; 1.20.2; 2.2.3;

2.8.4; 3.1.6; 3.6.1; 3.10.4;

3.12.1; 3.12.5; 3.20.14; 4.2.7;

4.2.34; 4.2.39

� �� � ��

second � 1.8.3; 2.2.9; 2.4.1; 3.3.6;

3.20.1

� �� � �� � �� � � �� � ��

twelfth place�������

/������

1.17.2; 1.19.4–5; 1.20.12;

1.20.14; 2.11.10; 3.6.9; 3.7.1;

3.10.4; 3.16.1; 4.2.32; 4.2.42

����� ��� � �� � ��

dodecatemorion� � �

/ �� �� �

� 1.17.5–7 �� �� � � � � � � � �� �� �

Taurus ����

1.8.4; 1.9.3–5; 1.11; 1.12.3–4;

1.14.1; 1.15.5; 1.17.3; 1.21.3;

2.9.5; 2.9.9; 2.9.25; 3.7.1;

3.20.5; 3.20.7; 3.20.18; 4.2.18;

4.2.23; 4.2.28; 4.2.33

� ��

Capricorn �� � � � � �

body *** 1.14.2; 1.18.2 � �� � � � � � � �experience � 1.1.2; 1.1.4–5; 2.9.20 �� � � � � � � �time degree ������ 3.6.6; 3.21.3 �� � � � � ! � � �� �Canary Islands *** 1.15.2 �� � � ! � �� � � � �� � �� � � � �body *** 2.6.9; 2.12.19, 4.2.2

�"# � � � � � � � �drying � 1.2 �� � � � � � � �ice ��� 2.6.7 � � � � � �clearance from eclipse $�� 2.9.21 �� ��� ! � � � � � � � �collection ���

%� 1.18.5; 2.7.7 ��� � �

conjunction, new moon � 2.1.5; 2.3.1; 2.3.5; 2.4.2; 2.4.6;

2.5.1–2; 2.6.4; 2.6.5; 2.7.2;

2.7.7; 2.7.10; 2.8.1; 2.8.4;

2.8.5; 2.8.7; 2.9.38; 2.10.2;

2.11.1; 3.3.4; 3.6G; 3.6G;

3.14.3; 3.18.1; 3.20.11; 4.2.10;

4.2.39; 4.2.44

� � �� � �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 301

embryo � 3.2.1–2; 3.2.5 �� � � �� � �southern ������� 1.8.4; 4.2.14; 4.2.26 � � � � � �� � �

Gemini ����

1.8.4; 1.9.3–5; 1.11; 1.12.2–4;

1.14.1; 1.15.6; 1.16.6; 1.18.4–

5; 1.21.3; 2.6.6; 2.9.10; 2.9.25;

2.12.3; 3.7.1; 4.2.28; 4.2.33

� �� � � �

term�� � / 1.16.1–6;

1.18.6; 1.19.2; 1.22.1; 1.22.4;

2.9.33–37; 3.3.4; 3.3.6; 3.6.1;

3.20.2–3

� � �� �

descending ��� 2.8.3 � � � � � �perigee ��� � 2.12.4–5; 3.5.8 � � � � �perigee of the epicycle ��� ����� 3.5.8 � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �heat � / � 1.1.4; 1.1.7–8; 1.3; 1.5; 1.6.1;

2.6.3; 2.6.7–10; 2.7.7; 2.9.35;

3.5.3; 3.5.6; 3.18.4

�� �� � � �� ���� � �� �

wars ��� 2.4.1–2; 2.4.4–7; 2.9.35;

2.10.1; 4.1.10; 4.2.34

� � � � �� � � �

combust � ���� 1.18.7; 2.1.6; 3.1.3 � � �� � �combustion � ���� 2.12.16 � �� �� � �computation ��� 1.1.1; 3.20.16–17 � � � � �enclosed �� 3.4.3 � � � �share ��� 1.18.6–7; 1.19.2; 1.22.1; 2.2.6;

2.8.8–9; 3.3.4–5; 3.4.4; 3.5.1;

3.6.9

�� � �� � � �� �

judgment *** 0.1–2; 1.1.10; 1.15.8; 2.1.3;

2.2.1; 2.9.20; 2.11.1; 2.11.7;

2.11.9; 2.12.1; 3.3.3; 3.19.10;

3.20.6–7; 3.20.13

� � � � � � � � �

judgments of the stars *** 1.1.1 � ��� � �� � � � � � � � �Aries � !

�1.18.4–5; 1.21.3; 1.22.4; 2.1.3;

2.2.1; 2.9.4; 2.9.8; 2.9.25;

2.11.12; 2.12.17; 3.7.1; 4.2.23;

4.2.28; 4.2.32

� � �

Pisces "�#�

�� � �revolution/transfer $�% 0.2; 2.2.1; 2.2.9; 2.2.11; 2.3.1;

2.3.5; 2.4.1–2; 2.4.6; 2.5.2;

2.6.3; 2.6.5; 2.7.10; 2.8.1;

3.6.7; 3.19.10; 3.20.1; 3.20.11

� � � � � � �

302 Appendix 2

domain�

����

1.5; 1.17.1; 1.17.4; 1.19.2;

1.19.5

�� �� � �

equator � � 1.15.1; 3.21.8 � � � � � � �� ��anomaly ��� 2.12.2–5 � �� ��autumn/of autumn � / ��� 1.9.1; 1.9.5; 2.1.3; 2.9.28 � � � � � �� � �� � � � ��lunar eclipse ��� 2.3.2; 2.3.5; 2.9.31 �� � ��Caliphs *** 2.1.4 � � � ��moral ����� 3.8.1 � � ��formation (of embryo) �� 3.2.1–2; 3.3.8 � � ��empty *** 4.2.48–49 � � ��fifth place

�����/�����

1.17.2; 1.19.4; 1.20.5; 2.8.7;

3.15.1; 4.1.10; 4.2.16

� � ��

(place of) fear � � / � � 1.20.8; 3.1.7 �� � ��choice ��� 0.2; 4.1.1–4; 4.1.6–11 � � � � �� �

ruler *** 2.9.23–4; 2.9.26–32; 2.9.38;

2.11.4; 3.8.9; 3.13.1; 3.20.2

� �� � ���

degree � / � � passim � � � �pushing *** 2.7.11 � �� � �minute

�passim � � � � �

indicator *** 1.21.1; 2.2.10; 2.8.1; 2.11.8–9;

3.1.3; 3.4.4; 3.10.1–6; 3.11.1;

3.12.1 –3; 3.13.1; 3.14.1–

2; 3.15.1–2; 3.16.1; 317.1–

2; 3.17.4; 3.19.10; 3.20.1;

3.20.4; 3.20.6; 3.20.8; 3.20.11;

3.20.14–15; 4.2.37

� � � � � � ��� � � � �

indication *** 2.3.1; 2.3.2; 2.7.10; 2.8.3;

2.11.6–7; 3.13.7; 3.19.10

� � � �

Aquarius ��� � ��� �blood *** 1.11; 2.5.5 �� �period ��� 2.12.1; 2.12.6–11; 2.12.13–15;

2.12.17–22

� � � � � � � � � �

dynasty *** 1.1.10; 2.1.4; 2.2.10–11;

2.11.10; 2.12.13–14; 2.12.18;

2.12.22

� � � � � � � �

religion *** 1.20.9; 1.21.1; 2.2.2; 3.8.2 � �� � � � � �� � � �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 303

apogee of the orb of the ��������� 2.11.4 � � � � � �� � ��� � � �� � ��epicycle

pl. of the above ��������� 3.5.8 � � � � � � �� � ��� � � � ��masculine/masculinity �� 1.4; 1.5; 1.10; 1.11; 1.16.5;

1.17.1; 2.12.15; 3.6.9; 3.8.15;

3.9.5; 3.12.6; 3.15.2; 4.2.19

� � ���� � �� ��

Tail (of Dragon) ��� 1.14.1 � � �� ��bicorporeal

� � �1.9.3–4; 2.1.3; 2.2.1; 2.9.30;

3.8.2; 3.14.2; 3.15.2; 4.1.5;

4.2.6; 4.2.17; 4.2.34; 4.2.42;

4.2.44; 4.2.47–49

�� � � � � � � �� � � �� � � ��

Head (of Dragon) � 1.14.1 � � �lords of the triplicities *** 1.15.8 �� � �� �� �� � � ��� � � � � � �spring/of spring � / � � 1.9.5; 2.1.3; 2.9.28 � � � � � � � � � � � � � fourth place

� � �/� � �

1.19.4; 1.20.4; 1.20.13; 2.3.2;

2.3.5;

2.8.4; 2.8.6–7; 3.1.5; 3.3.9–

10; 3.10.1; 3.10.8; 3.21.3–4;

3.21.6; 3.21.8; 3.21.11; 4.2.15;

4.2.26; 4.2.34; 4.2.39

� � � �

retrogradation/retrograde ��� 1.6.3; 1.18.7; 2.1.1; 2.1.6;

2.4.4; 2.7.11; 2.9.38; 3.1.3;

3.5.8

� � � � � � � �

quakes �� 2.3.4 �� � �� � � returning � 1.18.7 �� humid ��� 1.11; 3.19.1 � ��� humidity ��� 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.6.1; 3.5.2–3;

3.5.7

�� � � � �

humidification *** 1.2 � � � � � � ��thunder � 2.9.37 � � � Sagittarius ��� � � � �

�centers ��� 2.1.5; 2.6.10; 2.7.6 �� �� �wind � 1.1.7; 1.2; 2.5.4; 2.6.2; 2.6.4–

7; 2.6.10; 2.7.2; 2.7.5–7;

2.9.35; 2.9.37; 2.10.1–3; 3.2.4;

3.18.3

� � � � ��� � �

304 Appendix 2

Saturn ��� passim � � ��dignity *** 2.8.4 �� � �� �earthquakes ��� / ��� 2.3.2–5; 2.9.27; 2.9.37; 2.10.1;

2.12.20

��� ��

Venus ��� passim �� � � ��increasing in motion ������� 2.8.6–7; 4.2.20 � � � � � � ���� � � ��diagram *** 3.20.16–17 �� � � � �� ��cadence *** 3.17.3; 4.1.9

� ��cadent � � 1.18.7; 2.1.7; 3.1.5; 3.6.10;

3.17.2

� � �� � � � ��

Zıj *** 1.1.1; 1.19.7; 2.12.2; 2.12.4;

3.20.1; 3.20.9; 3.20.16; 3.21.1

� �� � ��

al-Zıj al-Balig *** 1.1.1 �� � � � � � � �� � �� � al-Zıj al-Jami ↪ *** 1.1.1 � � � � � � � �� � �� �

seventh place� � �

/� � �

1.19.4; 1.20.7; 1.20.13; 2.8.6–

7; 3.1.11; 3.3.9–10; 3.6.1;

3.6.5–6; 3.10.8; 3.14.1; 3.14.4;

3.21.3; 4.2.34; 4.2.44–45;

4.2.48

� � � �

nebulous �� 1.8.4 � � � � � � ��warmth/warming � 1.2 �� � � �� �� � �� �� �sixth place

���

/���

1.17.2; 1.19.4; 1.20.6; 1.20.13;

2.5.2; 2.11.10; 3.1.11; 3.6.9;

3.7.1; 3.10.8; 4.2.30; 4.2.32;

4.2.42

� ��� �

sextile ��� / ����� 1.3; 1.12.1; 1.13.2;

1.18.1; 3.1.2; 3.6.10; 3.6.12;

3.15.1; 3.16.3; 3.16.5; 4.1.8;

4.2.3; 4.2.8; 4.2.15–16; 4.2.19;

4.2.26; 4.2.28–29; 4.2.34–35;

4.2.43–44; 4.2.46

� � � � ��

occultation *** 1.6.2 � � ! " �� � Cancer ��

�1.8.4; 1.9.2–5; 1.11; 1.12.2–4;

1.13.1; 1.14.1; 1.15.7; 1.15.9;

1.17.3; 2.1.3; 2.6.1; 2.6.8;

2.9.7; 2.9.11; 2.9.25; 2.12.7–

8; 2.12.12; 3.7.1; 3.9.3; 3.15.2;

3.20.3; 3.20.5; 4.1.5; 4.2.18;

4.2.32

�� � � ��! �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 305

swift/swiftness � 1.19.3; 2.8.9; 2.9.37; 3.2.10;

4.2.41

�� � � � � � � � � ��� �

benefic �� 1.3 and passim � � � � � �beneficness � 1.19.5; 1.20.11; 2.1.1; 2.1.6;

2.2.3; 2.11.4; 2.11.9; 2.12.13–

14;3.1.3; 3.1.7; 3.4.5; 3.10.1;

3.11.1; 3.17.4–5; 3.20.11;

3.20.15; 4.1.1; 4.2.38–39

�� �� � �

fortunate/made fortunate � 2.12.13–14; 3.4.4;

3.8.20; 3.14.2; 3.15.1; 4.1.5;

4.1.7; 4.2.9; 4.2.12; 4.2.15–

16; 4.2.18–19; 4.2.23; 4.2.26;

4.2.28; 4.2.31; 4.2.36; 4.2.40;

.4.2.42; 4.2.48; 4.3.2

� � � �

price ��� 2.8.6–7; 2.8.9; 2.9.34 �� � � � � � � � � � �journey ��� 1.21.10; 3.17.1–5; 4.2.37 � � �� � � � � � �� �cadence 3.17.1; 4.2.14; 4.2.48 � � �� �cadent � � 1.18.7; 2.1.7; 2.3.4; 3.1.4–5;

4.2.34

� �� � �

conception ��� 3.3.3; 3.3.6 � � � � � � �� � �

hour 2.9.21–22;

3.2.1; 3.3.1–2; 3.3.4; 3.3.6–8;

3.3.11; 3.6.6; 3.21.2–3; 3.21.5;

3.21.7; 3.21.10

�� � ��� � � �� ��� �

equinoctial hour *** 2.9.21 �� �� � � �� � � �� ��� �seasonal hours *** 2.9.22; 3.21.2 �� �� � �� � � �� �� � ��� �oxymel *** 1.1.3 � � � � � � � � �� � � �inhabited places *** 1.9.1 � � � � �

authority � / ��� / � � / �� / ���

1.18.2; 1.19.2; 1.19.4; 1.19.6;

1.20.10; 2.2.2; 2.2.6; 2.4.4;

2.4.7; 2.11.10; 4.2.11; 4.2.45

�� � � � �

salkhudah/lord of the year *** 2.2.2; 2.11.8; 3.20.4–5 � � �� � � �hot wind ��� 2.6.7 � ��� � �

zenith *** 1.8.5; 1.13.1 � � �� � � �� � � �

Virgo ����

1.8.4; 1.9.3–5; 1.11; 1.12.3–4;

1.14.1; 1.15.5; 1.18.4–5; 2.9.5;

2.9.13; 2.9.25; 2.12.4; 2.12.7;

3.7.1; 3.9.3; 3.15.2; 3.20.18;

4.2.1; 4.2.18; 4.2.22; 4.2.33

�� � � � �� �

306 Appendix 2

lot of father(s) ���� ��� 1.21.6; 3.10.1 � � � � � � � � � � � � ���� �

lot of brothers �� � 1.20.11; 1.21.10; 3.11.11 � � �� �� ���� �

lot of the mother ���� ��� 1.21.7; 3.10.1 �� � � ���� �

lot of marriage ���� ��� 1.21.9; 3.14.1 � �� � �� � � � ���� �

lot of journey �������� ��� 1.21.10; 3.17.1 � � � � ���� �

lot of fortune ����� 1.8.1; 1.21.1–5; 1.21.10; 2.2.5;

2.4.5; 2.5.9; 3.4.4; 3.6.2;

3.6.9; 3.10.6; 3.12.1; 3.12.3–4;

3.12.7; 3.16.4; 3.17.5; 3.20.10;

4.2.4; 4.2.39; 4.2.44–45

� ��� � � � ���� �

lot of friends ��������� � ��� 1.21.10; 3.16.1 � � � � � ��� ���� �

lot of slaves ���� ��� 1.21.8

� � � � � � � ���� �

lot of enemies �!� ��� 1.21.10; 3.16.1 � � � � � � ���� �

lot of work "�#�� / $�%� ��� 1.21.10; 3.13.1 � � � � � ���� �

lot of the absent &'()�*+',-.�� 1.21.1; 1.21.5; 2.2.5–6; 2.4.5;

2.5.9; 3.8.20

� � �� � � ���� �

lot of illnesses ��/� ��� 1.21.10; 3.7.8 �0 � � � � ���� �

lot of death 1�234�5� ��� 1.21.11; 3.18.1 � ��� � � ���� �

lot of wealth 6789� 1.21.10� � � � � ���� �

lot of child : �� ��� 1.21.10; 3.15.1

� � ��� � ���� �

prorogation, tasyır �;< / =;< 1.8.2; 1.8.5; 2.4.1; 2.12.7;

2.12.10; 2.12.19–21; 3.3.9;

3.6.7; 3.20.2–4; 3.20.6–10;

3.20.15; 3.20.18; 3.21.2

��� � �

black bile *** 1.11 � � � ���flood >�� 2.7.2; 2.9.27

� � � �

winter/of winter ? / ?�� 1.1.8; 1.9.2; 1.9.5; 2.1.3;

2.9.28

� � !� � � � � !�

exaltation @3A�

1.14.1–2; 1.17.4; 1.18.6;

1.19.2; 1.22.4; 2.1.1; 2.2.4;

2.2.6; 2.8.7; 2.12.15; 2.12.17;

3.3.4; 4.2.13

�� �"# ! �

easterly/easterliness B ��� ��CD,EF / �� �;,

1.7; 1.19.3; 2.6.8; 2.9.23;

2.9.38; 3.1.5; 3.1.9; 3.5.2–4;

3.5.6; 3.5.8; 3.7.2; 3.15.2–3;

4.2.13–14; 4.2.16–17; 4.2.22;

4.2.31; 4.2.34; 4.2.40–41;

4.2.47

$ � �"#%! &"� � � ��"#%! & � � ' � �"#%! �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 307

participant ������� 1.15.4–9 � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � � � ���� �similarity *** 3.8.18 �� � � �� �Sun � � passim � � � � �northern ������� 1.8.4; 4.2.13 � �� � � � � �meteors ��� 2.3.1; 2.3.3; 2.9.35; 2.12.20 � � ��� � �witness � � 1.22.1–4; 2.9.23; 2.11.5;

2.11.9; 3.1.2; 3.20.13; 4.2.34;

4.3.3

� ��� ��� � �

Jupiter �� passim � � �� �� �

lord of the house� � 1.22.1; 1.22.4; 3.1.13; 4.1.10;

4.2.34; 4.2.40

���� � � � � � � � �

lord of the triplicity ��� � � 1.16.7F; 1.22.1; 1.22.4 �� �� � �� � � � � � � �lord of the year ��� � 2.4.4; 2.7.11 �� �� � � � � � � �lord of the ascendant �

�� � 1.8.2; 2.2.3; 2.5.2; 2.7.2;

2.7.7; 2.8.4; 2.8.6; 3.1.6; 3.4.4;

3.12.5; 3.16.2; 3.17.1–2; 4.1.1;

4.2.10; 4.2.17; 4.2.21; 4.2.30;

4.2.34; 4.2.44–46; 4.2.48–49

� � � � � � � � � �

cloudlessness ��� 2.10.1–2; 2.10.4� � �

separation �� 1.18.2; 2.6.1; 4.2.10; 4.2.14 �� ������ �� �ascending/rising ��� / ��� 1.19.3; 2.3.3; 2.7.10; 2.8.3;

2.8.5; 2.8.8–9; 4.2.13; 4.2.42

� � � � � � � �!� � �

yellow bile *** 1.11 � �� �� �figure of the horoscope *** 2.2.2 � � � � � � � �thunderbolts ��� 2.9.37 " � � � �summer/of summer � / ��� 1.1.8; 1.9.2; 1.9.5; 2.1.3;

2.9.28

� �� � � � �� � �

fog ��� 2.6.7; 2.9.33 # � � � � ��weakness � 3.4.4; 3.8.1; 3.10.1; 4.2.14 �� ��

nature ��� 1.1.6; 1.2; 1.6.2; 1.8.1–2; 1.11;

2.9.32; 2.9.37; 2.10.1; 3.2.9;

3.9.5

� $� � � � � � �� � � � �

ascendant/horoscope � / ��

/ �� / ��� passim � � � �ascension/rising-time ������� ��� ��� 1.12.3; 3.3.8–11; 3.6.5;

3.20.2–3; 3.21.2–11

� � � � �

308 Appendix 2

rising-time of the city *** 2.12.10; 3.3.9–10; 3.6.5;

3.20.2; 3.21.3; 3.21.9

� � � � � � � � � � �

ascendant of the conjunc- ����� (�

) 2.5.1–2; 2.7.2; 2.7.7; 2.8.1;� � � � �� �� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � �

tion and the opposition 2.8.4; 2.9.38

ascendant of the ��� ����

3.20.1 � ��� �� � � � � � �revolution

ascendant of the year ����� (�

) 2.1.3; 2.2.1; 2.7.2; 2.8.6;

2.11.3; 2.11.8; 2.11.11

� � � � � � � � �

ascendant of the season � ��� (�

) 2.2.1; 2.7.2 � � � � � � � �Flood

� ����� 2.11.12add; 2.12.7; 2.12.20 � � � � �

talismans *** 2.1.2 �� � � � � �

longitude ��� 1.15.1; 1.15.3; 1.18.1; 1.18.3� � �

acts of devotion *** 2.9.29 � ��� � � �dough ��� 3.2.1 � � � � � �equation ��� 2.11.2; 2.12.2–5; 3.3.11;

3.21.5–6; 3.21.10–11

� � � �

moderate/moderateness � 1.1.9; 1.2; 1.3; 2.9.34; 3.5.7–8� � � �� � � � � � �� � �

equinoxes (du.) *** 1.12.2 � � � � � � �� � �vernal equinox �

�1.9.1; 2.9.28 � � � � � � � � � � �� � �

autumnal equinox � �1.9.1; 2.9.28 � � � � � �

� � � �� � �latitude ��� 1.15.1; 1.15.3; 1.18.3; 1.19.3;

2.6.5; 2.9.27; 4.2.13–14;

4.2.26

� � �

tenth (place)� ���

/� ���

/ � �� 1.8.1; 1.10; 1.19.4; 1.19.7;

2.3.1; 2.3.5; 2.8.7; 2.9.37;

2.11.10; 3.1.11; 3.3.9–10; 3.6.

5–6; 3.10.1; 3.21.3–4; 3.21.6;

3.21.8; 3.21.11; 4.2.34; 4.2.45

����� � � �

Mercury �� passim � � � � �magnitude � 1.8.1; 1.8.3–4 � � �Scorpio �� � 1.8.4; 1.9.3–5; 1.11; 1.12.3–

4; 1.15.7; 2.1.2; 2.9.7; 2.9.15;

2.9.25; 2.12.17; 3.7.1; 4.2.25;

4.2.29; 4.2.40; 4.2.47

� � � �� �

intelligence/intelligent �� 1.1.3; 1.19.6; 3.8.4; 3.8.11;

3.8.13

! ��� �� � �" �� �

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 309

superiority *** 1.19.7 � � � �� � �science of judgments of *** 1.1.1 � ��� � �� � � � � � � � � �

stars

science of spheres of stars *** 1.1.1 � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � astronomy *** 3.8.11 � �� � ��� � � � religious sciences *** 1.1.1 � � � �� � � � � � life-span

�� 2.12.16; 3.3.9; 3.6.2 � �

inhabited part ������������ 1.15.1–2; 1.15.9 �� � � � � �� � � � � �

alien place � � 1.18.6; 2.4.4; 2.12.16 � � � � � � � � � � � � � �descendant

� � � 3.6.3; 3.6.5–6; 3.7.1; 3.14.3;

3.20.2; 3.21.4; 3.21.9

� � � � �

westerly/westerliness � � ��� � / � ���� 1.4; 1.7; 2.7.8; 3.1.5; 3.1.9;

3.5.2–4; 3.5.6; 3.7.2; 3.15.2–3

� � � � � �� �� � � � � �� �

opening the door *** 2.6.1; 2.6.10; 2.7.6–7 � � � � � � � � �� ��riots ����� 2.4.1–2; 2.4.5–7; 2.9.35;

2.12.14

�� �� ��

joy ��� ��� 1.17.2; 1.17.4; 1.19.2; 1.19.5 � � ��

periods (of life) *** 3.19.9 �� �� � �� �� � �Persians *** 2.11.1; 3.19.9 � � �� � �pollution of minerals ��� 2.3.4 �� �� � ! � �� � ��season � � / � 1.1.4; 2.1.3; 2.2.1; 2.2.4; 2.7.2;

2.7.7; 2.7.10; 2.8.1; 2.8.4;

2.8.9; 2.9.28; 2.12.1–6

� � � �� �"# � ��

part (of the period) ��� 2.12.6; 2.12.9; 2.12.13–14;

2.12.18–19

# � ��

sphere/orb � / ��� 1.1.1–2; 1.13.1; 1.15.1–2;

2.8.3; 2.8.9; 2.11.3; 2.12.4–5;

3.2.1; 3.3.8–9; 3.20.2

� � �� � � � � � ��

orb of apogee ��� ����� 1.19.3; 2.3.3; 2.7.10–11; 2.8.5 � � � � � � � ��orb of epicycle(s) ��� 1.19.7; 2.8.5; 2.11.3 # � � � � $ �� � � � � � � � $ �� � �� � ��sphere of the Moon *** 1.1.1 � � �� � �� � ��sphaera recta *** 3.3.9; 3.20.2 % � �� �� � � � � ��

reception/received � 1.18.6; 1.19.5; 2.1.6; 2.2.3;

2.8.7–8; 2.12.17; 3.1.2–3;

3.5.5; 3.12.5; 3.13.8; 3.16.2;

4.1.3; 4.1.11; 4.2.6–7; 4.2.11;

4.2.15; 4.2.34; 4.2.41

� � � � �� � � � � � � ��

310 Appendix 2

complete reception ��� � 3.1.2 � � � �� � � � � ��medium reception ��� � 3.1.2

� � � � � � � ��receiver ��� 1.18.6 � � � ��opposition, full moon � 2.1.5; 2.3.1; 2.3.5; 2.4.2; 2.4.6;

2.5.1; 2.6.5; 2.7.2; 2.7.7;

2.7.10; 2.8.4; 2.8.5; 2.8.7;

2.9.38; 2.10.2; 3.9.4; 3.14.3;

3.18.1; 4.2.44

� � � � �� �� �

opposition ��� 1.1.9; 1.3; 1.12.1; 1.13.1–2;

1.18.1; 2.4.1; 2.6.1; 2.7.10;

2.9.31; 2.12.19; 2.12.21; 3.1.2;

3.1.8; 3.3.10; 3.4.2; 3.6.5;

3.6.12; 3.15.1; 3.16.5; 3.20.13;

4.1.8; 4.2.45

�� � � � � �� �

ancients ����� 1.22.2; 2.12.1 � � � � �� � � � � �� �� �conjunction �� 1.3; 1.18.1; 3.1.8; 3.4.2; 3.6.3;

3.6.12; 3.6G

�� �� � � �� �

conjunction � ����� 2.11.1–5; 2.11.8; 2.11.10–12;

2.12.7; 2.12.22

� � ��

qisma *** 2.12.10; 2.12.19–21; 3.20.2–3 �� � � ��qasim *** 3.20.2–3 � � �

� ��

storms of stars ��� 2.3.5 � � � � � �� � �� �� �� cutter � � 1.8.2–4; 2.2.10; 3.6.3 � � � �� � � � ��

winter solstice ��� 1.9.2 � � � �� �� � � � �� �� summer solstice ��� 1.9.2; 2.9.28 � � �� � � � � � � �� �� Moon � � passim � � ��

rainbow � 2.10.4 � �� �� � � ��progressive ��� 1.19.3; 2.9.23 � � � �� �� � �

power/strength � / � / � � 1.1.2; 1.1.6; 1.1.9; 1.2; 1.6.4;

1.10; 1.14.2; 1.18.2; 1.19.2;

1.19.4; 1.19.6; 1.20.1; 1.20.7;

2.1.7; 2.2.3; 2.8.8; 2.11.5;

2.11.9; 2.12.13–14; 3.1.3–4;

3.2.2; 3.2.11; 3.6.4; 3.11.1;

3.12.3; 3.18.7; 4.2.34

� � �� �� � ��

essential power ������� 1.19.1–3; 1.19.6; 2.2.3; 2.9.37;

2.11.10

�� � � �� ���� � ��

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 311

accidental power ������� 1.19.1; 1.19.4; 1.19.6; 2.2.3;

2.9.37; 2.11.10

�� �� � �� � � ��

mental power ������� 3.2.2; 3.3.1 �� �� � �� � � �� �� ��analogy/regularity *** 0.1; 1.1.2; 1.1.5–6; 1.4; 1.15.8;

1.16.3–5; 1.18.2; 1.19.2;

1.19.4; 1.20.13–14; 2.1.1–

2; 2.11.3; 2.12.12; 2.12.12′;

3.1.7; 3.1.11; 3.20.7; 3.20.15;

4.2.11; 4.2.46

� � � � ��

kadhkhudah �� 3.6.10; 3.6.12–13; 3.6G � � � �� ��

eclipse �� / ��� 2.9.1–3; 2.9.21–24; 2.9.31;

2.9.38–40; 2.12.20

� ��

solar eclipse � � 2.9.21; 2.9.31; 2.9.40 � � �� � � � ��lunar eclipse ��� 2.9.21; 2.9.40 � � �� � � � ��Chaldeans **** 1.16.2; 1.16.5 �� � � �� � �� � � � � � �star/stars/seven planets / ��� passim � � � � � � fixed star � 1.8.1; 2.9.23–25; 2.10.3; 3.6.3;

3.12.7

�� � � � �� � �

comet �� 2.3.5; 2.10.1 � � � �� �� �� � � �� � � Kusyar ���� � 0.1 � � � � ���

night � passim � � � �nocturnal ��� 1.5; 1.10; 1.11; 1.17.1; 4.1.6 �� �� � � � � �

succedent ��� 1.19.4; 2.1.7; 2.11.10; 3.1.5;

3.4.4; 3.6.10; 4.2.48

� �� � � ! � �� � � �

watery ��� 1.11; 1.15.7; 2.2.8; 2.6.3; 2.6.

7; 2.7.1; 2.7.11; 2.8.2; 2.8.5;

2.9.7; 2.9.25–26; 2.11.12;

2.12.20; 3.19.1; 4.2.1; 4.2.16;

4.2.26; 4.2.38; 4.2.49

! � �� � �

Mars �� passim � � � �� �complexion/mixed ��� 1.1.2; 1.1.7; 1.5; 1.6.4; 1.8.1– � � � �� �� � � � � � � �� �

nature/temperament 4; 2.11.6; 3.5.2–4; 3.5.6

Egyptians *** 1.16.2; 1.16.4; 1.16.6 �� � � �� � �"#�� �calamities caused by men � � 2.5.9 �� �� � � � � � �� �� � � �

312 Appendix 2

rain � 1.1.4; 1.1.7; 2.6.10; 2.7.1–8;

2.9.33; 2.9.35; 2.10.1–2

� � � � � � � � � �

fullness � 1.6.1; 2.5.2; 2.7.10; 3.19.3 � � �� � �

Libra ����

1.8.4; 1.9.1; 1.9.3–5; 1.11;

1.12.3; 1.14.1; 1.15.6; 1.15.9;

1.17.3–4; 1.17.6; 2.1.3; 2.2.1;

2.9.6; 2.9.14; 2.9.25; 2.12.15;

2.12.17; 3.7.1; 4.2.13; 4.2.25

�� � ���� � �

religion *** 2.1.4; 2.11.10 � � � � � �� �kingdom *** 2.1.4; 2.4.7 � � �����

malefic � / �� 1.3 and passim � � � � � � � � � �maleficence � 1.3; 3.10.1; 3.17.4; 4.1.9 � � � � �unfortunate � 2.3.1–2; 2.3.5; 2.4.7; 2.7.11; � � � �

/made unfortunate 2.12.13–14; 2.12.21; 3.4.3;

3.6.8; 3.6.10; 3.8.20; 3.12.5;

3.18.7; 4.1.2; 4.1.5; 4.2.20;

4.2.33; 4.2.35; 4.2.42; 4.3.2

moistures ��� 1.1.4; 2.7.6; 3.9.4 � � �� � �sperm *** 3.2.3–4 � �� ��aspect � / ��� 1.3; 1.12.1–2; 1.17.4; 2.2.4–

5; 2.2.8; 2.4.5; 2.5.9; 2.6.5;

2.7.2; 2.7.7–8; 2.9.23; 2.9.38;

2.11.10; 2.12.17; 3.1.3; 3.4.3;

3.6.2; 3.6.4; 3.6.6–7; 3.6.9–10;

3.7.6; 3.8.19; 3.9.1–2; 3.10.2–

3; 3.10.6–7; 3.11.1; 3.12.1–

2; 3.12.4; 3.12.6; 3.14.1–2;

3.15.1; 3.16.2; 3.17.1; 3.17.5;

3.20.12; 4.1.8; 4.2.3–4; 4.2.8–

11; 4.2.22; 4.2.24; 4.2.29;

4.2.33; 4.2.35; 4.2.39; 4.2.46;

4.2.48; 4.2.49

� � ��

system *** 1.1.6; 1.16.4 � � � ��translation ��� 1.18.4; 2.7.7 � � ��indicator *** 3.3.2–6; 3.3.9 ��� �� ��� ��

day � passim � � � ��

Index of Arabic Words with Chinese and English Transltation 313

diurnal � � 1.5; 1.10; 1.11; 1.17.1; 4.1.6 �� �� � � � � ��intiha’ ��� 2.2.11; 2.4.7; 2.11.8; 2.11.11;

2.12.10–12; 2.12.19–20; 2.12.

22; 3.20.4–8; 3.20.10; 3.20.14;

3.20.16–17; 3.21.8–9; 3.21.11

� � � �� �� �

fiery ��� 1.11; 1.15.4; 2.2.8; 2.4.6;

2.6.3; 2.6.9; 2.8.2; 2.8.5; 2.9.4;

2.9.26; 2.10.1; 3.7.4; 4.2.3

� � � � ��

luminaries (du.) *** 1.8.1; 1.13.1–2; 1.17.3; 2.9.40;

3.1.10; 3.4.2; 3.4.4; 3.5.7;

3.6.2; 3.6.12; 3.7.6; 3.8.18;

3.9.5; 3.12.2; 3.12.6–7; 3.16.3;

4.2.10

�� � �� � ��

conflagrations�� 2.3.1; 2.3.4–5; 2.6.5; 2.9.35;

2.12.20

�� ��� � ��

descending ��� 2.7.11; 4.2.14; 4.2.26� � �

dejcetion ����� � / �

1.14.2; 2.1.1; 4.2.14 � � new moon, conjucntion � ����� � ��� 1.6.1 �� �� � �� � �India/Indians *** 1.16.2; 1.16.5; 2.9.5; 2.9.7 � � � �airy ��� 1.2; 1.11; 1.15.6; 2.2.8; 2.3.1;

2.3.5; 2.6.1; 2.6.3–5; 2.6.7;

2.8.2; 2.8.5; 2.9.6; 2.9.26;

2.12.20; 4.2.13; 4.2.17; 4.2.22

� � �� � �

halo � 2.10.1 �� � � prorogator/haylaj

� � 1.21.11; 3.3.9–11; 3.6.1–2;

3.6.4–7; 3.6.9; 3.6.12

� � ��

epidemic ��� 1.1.10 � � � �detriment *** 1.13.3

� � � �cardine ��� / ��� passim ��� �� � � � � �� �cardine of the earth *** 2.3.4; 2.7.10; 3.20.2 �� � �� � �� �decan � / � /

� ���

� ����

1.19.2; 1.19.6 � � �

midheaven����

1.4; 2.2.2; 2.4.7; 2.7.10–11;

2.8.6; 2.9.23; 2.10.1; 3.3.9;

3.6.1; 3.13.1; 3.13.8; 3.20.2;

3.20.4; 3.20.10; 3.21.3; 4.1.11;

4.2.13; 4.2.39–40; 4.2.43;

4.2.45

� � � � � � � � �

314 Appendix 2

mean motion � � / � � 2.11.1; 2.11.4; 2.11.12 �� � � � � � � � � � �application ��� 1.1.4; 1.3; 1.8.2; 1.18.1–7;

2.5.2; 2.6.1; 2.7.7; 2.11.10;

3.1.6; 3.7.1; 3.15.1; 3.16.2;

3.17.1; 3.20.12; 4.2.2; 4.2.14;

4.2.20; 4.2.24; 4.2.27; 4.2.34;

4.2.43; 4.2.48–49

� � � ��� �

application in latitude ������� 1.18.3 � � � � � � � ��� �in application ��� 1.17.7; 3.1.5; 3.6.6; 4.2.4–

7; 4.2.13; 4.2.22; 4.2.34–35;

4.2.39; 4.2.45;

� � ���

station � 1.6.2–3; 2.9.38; 3.5.8 � � �birth, nativity ����� 1.1.9; 2.4.7; 2.9.40; 2.11.11;

2.12.22; 3.1.12; 3.7.7; 3.19.1;

3.19.8

�� �

nativity ��� 0.2; 2.1.4; 2.9.39–40; 3.2.3–

9; 3.3.6; 3.4.1–3; 3.4.5; 3.5.2;

3.6.4; 3.6. 12; 3.8.3–19;

3.12.6; 3.14.1; 3.17.4; 3.20.1

� � � � � � � �� �

governor �� � 2.12.7; 2.12.9; 2.12-13–21;

3.5.2–4; 3.5.6; 3.6.2; 3.6.5–7

� � � �

mastership *** 1.22.3 � � � �� � �having mastery ��� � /

� � 1.22.1–2; 1.22.4; 2.2.2; 2.8.9;

2.9.23; 2.11.4; 3.1.13; 3.4.3;

3.5.1; 3.6.1–2; 3.7.1–3; 3.8.2–

3; 3.8.8; 3.8.12; 3.8.15; 3.8.17;

3.9.4; 3.11.1; 3.12.3; 3.13.8;

3.19.4

� � � �� �

dry/drying/dryness � 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; 1.6.1–2;

1.11; 2.5.7; 2.9.35; 2.9.37;

3.5.2; 3.5.4; 3.5.6; 3.18.6;

4.2.37

�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

day � passim � � �� � � � � � � � �

Appendix 3

English-Arabic Glossary

This list is arranged in the order of the English alphabet. For the occurrence of the words,

see Appendix 2.

accidental power����� ����� ���� ��

acts of devotion������ � �

airy � ����� ���

airy triplicity�� �� � �! � �"� ���#� �$ #�%&

alien place�� � � ! � � � '() � ! � � �

analogy/regularity * � � � ��ancients + � &,- �� ( �. � & �- �/ ��%&anomaly

�� � � �0apogee 1 ��2 � �— of the orb of the epicycle ��! � 2 - ��34 �56 $ �� �� 278 ��application/in application 9:; ���<& (=> � ; ��?��— in latitude �@A�BC 4 � > � ; ��?��Aquarius � 4 �Aries 9:D 0ascendant E 4 � F— of the conjunction G � H ���IJ��K � E 4 � F— of the opposition > � � � �/ ��<LMK � E 4 � F— of the revolution of the 9 ! � �"N ���4 � E 4 � F

year

— of the season 9O; �/ 4 � E 4 � F— of the year

�� ��%PQ4 � E 4 � Fascending - � R( � �"C�R( - C�ascension/rising-time E 4 � S &aspect � �S �?astronomy

�� ��%� �TUV4 �MW X authority �. � S $ L

autumn/of autumn Y � �/ ! � � �I ( �Z ! � � �Iautumnal equinox Y � �/ ! � � �I > � - �� �base/base nativity -�4 �"[ \ � 9 � � ( 9 � �beginning of eclipse �] � PQM4 � + � - �� ! � �benefic

� �"C L ( - C Lbeneficness

��J��� C Lbicorporeal �_ ! �J-�PQI`� �a � 2 �� ( 2 ��birth, nativity -�4 � &black bile + � � � Lblood

�b �body b �� I�� � � ( b � IJ�

�. � - ! � � � ( �. - ! �-�L � c � d ( -�PQI �

cadence e � �/ L> � 2 �8

cadent f �� � L9 �! � 2 �8 ( 9 �! � �8

calamities caused by men����� � $ 0 � 8 �@ �� & � �

Caliphs + � �/ $ �0Canary Islands �a � -�4 � �c g � �� ��! � �� c � g �Cancer �. � F �JhijCapricorn � � ��� �cardine

��� �! 2 � � ( - �! 2— of the earth �@ 8 �K � - �! 2centers ��Bk �� &Chaldeans �_5l � �� � �! � - $ m 4 �choice 8 � � � �� �I �clearance from eclipse �] � PQ^4 � +no c � p � �

316 Appendix 3

clepsydra � � � � � �� ��� �clime � � � ��

� � � � ���� cloudlessness � � ���cold/coldness

� �� � � � � ���� � � � � � ���� � ��� � � � ��� �collection !" # �combust

� � �� � $combustion

� �� �� # �comet � � � %� %�

� � & %� ' � ( ��(complete reception ) � � �� * � + � ��complexion/mixed nature , � � %� �� � � � , � � %� �

/temperament

computation � � � -./conception � � � � � 0 �1 -.�conflagrations %2 �� � %�conjunction

�3 %� � � �1 � � %2 �� ��conjunction/ new moon 4 � 5 �+6/�� �country/city

� 7 � � � %2 � 8 � � � � 8 � � �cooling 8 � � � � ��cutter 9 � � �� � 9:� ��day ) � �� � � ) �!�

� � %decan 3 /�� �degree , ��� �dejection ; � + � <descendant � � � � %=descending 0 > � � <

� 8 � ? % �detriment * � � � �diagram

�3 /�� � � � %�dignity

�3 " = � %� �diurnal

�3@�� � � %dodecatemorion

�36�� ��A B � = � %+ B� �domain %� �� #dough %C � D � =dry/drying/dryness

�3 E � + � � �� > � � � �� �� � � drying %F + %1 � � ? �

dynasty * � � � �3 � � �earthquakes * %� � %�earthy triplicity

�3G�+ %H � � �3@B+ �� B+I�earthy J � %� �

�easterly/easterliness � � ��A B � �> � � ���A B � � � J �� ��A B Keclipse %L � - (

lunar — � 5 �1 � � %L � - ( � %L � - %/solar — 5 B-:� � %L � - (

Egyptians %C � �� ��A�� �eighth place %C � � B�eleventh place � A B � = & �M� #embryo %C � %+I/��empty � 7 %#enclosed � � N � $epidemic � � � � �equation O � 8 P ��equator � � � �+IEQ� � �0 %/equinoctial hour

�3@�� � �+I-.� �3 = � Eequinoctial signs (du.) %C � R� � 8 �+ = � � J / � ��� �equinoxes (du.) %C � S� � 8 �+ = �essential power

�36�+ �� � %� &T� ��exaltation %L ��A B Kexperience

�3 � � � � � ? �(place of) fear %L � %/feminine/female B' � %� � � � B� � %� � � J B� %�

�feminine sign J B� %�

� � B' � %� � � , � ��� �fiery & � � %�fiery triplicity

�36�� � � %� �3@B+ �� B+I�fifth place � � %#figure of the horoscope � � 9 �� � �!Hfixed sign �' � � � B� , � ��� �fixed star �' � � � B� ' � (U�!(Flood %2 � %� � 9flood * � + REfog � � � + �V%Hformation (of embryo)

�3 �1 � %#

English-Arabic Glossary 317

fortunate/made fortunate� ��� ���

fourth place � ��fullness � �� � �Gemini � �� � � geometrical proofs

����� ����� �� � �� � � � ��� governor �� � !halo

�� " # �having mastery �� � ��$���Head (of Dragon) %

& ��heat

�' �� # (�) �' � �� � ) �� �Hippocrates * �� �+ horizon � �, & �horoscope � " # -hot wind . �/0 � 1hour �2 # 3 # � ) �� 3 # �house/place �24� � � ) �5 � � (planet’s own) house 5 6 � 78" � �5 � � humid 5 - �humidity

�� � - �humidification 5 � � - � �ice �9� � : ( increasing in motion

� � �;� 0 < � � �, � & � ��India/Indians � ��=>?" �indication

�� " @ �indicator @ � �

& � ) A � � " �� � �� �/0 ��

inhabited part�' � # B 3 ) �' � � C � �

inhabited places �� 6 # ���instruments �2 @ � �intelligence/intelligent � D �+ 3 ) A �+ 3intiha’ # � �� � �journey � # �+ � & � ) � �+ �joy E � �,judgment . # F � & � ) G 78�— of the stars . �/H �� " � . # F �

& �Jupiter I � � �� J� �

Kusyar � # � � J� ��6kadhkhudah

' � � �( �� 6kingdom

�� 7 :����latitude �KL�M3Leo �9� & �Libra �N � �� � ���life-span � B 3lightning

� ! �M longitude O � -lord 5 � # P— of the ascendant � " # Q " � 5 � # P— of the house �5 � �=� " � 5 � # P— of the triplicity

�� J� �: J� 0 < � 5 � # P— of the year

�� �� ��" � 5 � # Plords of the triplicities �2 # J� �: J� 0 < � 2 # � & �lot . # � � 1 ) � � 1— of brothers

�' � �� @ & � � � 1— of child �9" � " � � � 1— of death �24�/0 < � � � 1— of enemies � � 3

&@ � � � 1— of father(s) # � @ � ) 2 &@ � � � 1— of fortune

�'R�9# � ��" � � � 1— of friends # �, � P

&@ � � � 1— of illnesses �K �M0 < � � � 1— of journey � �+ ��" � � � 1— of marriage � S � ! �� �� " � � � 1— of slaves �9� ��� � " � � � 1— of the absent 5 � � �� " � � � 1— of the mother

�. &@ � � � 1— of wealth O # 0 < � � � 1— of work A C � " � � � 1luminaries (du.) �N �� �� � �magnitude �Q 3malefic % � T S � )�� T S �maleficence

�� � � T S �Mars � S � �� �masculine/masculinity � �6 ��U� ) �M6 ��

318 Appendix 3

masculine sign ��� �� � � ��� � � � �� � � � ��� �mastership �� � � �� � �mean motion

�� � � ��� � � � � � �medium reception � � � � � � � ��mental power

� !� � �� " � �# �� $%� ��Mercury

� & " ' (meteors ) � � � * +midheaven " , �-. � � � �minute

� �# � � �� �moderate/moderateness � � � �� ( � � � �� / �moistures � � ��

0 �Moon � 1 ��moral 2 � �# 3 �4nativity �5� ��. � � � � � . � �nature 6 0� " � � 7 � / � � � � 7nebulous 8 � 9 � " : � +new moon, conjucntion

� 3 � �� �-�night ; � � .ninth place 6 � " ��nocturnal

� <� � 3 � � .northern 8 � � " � � * +occultation & �� = � ��>� �opening the door ? � " � � . ��� ��@��opposition

� 3 � � " �# �opposition/full moon � " � � �# �� � �orb of apogee � �A�

0 �BC 3 ��— of epicycle(s) ; � � � � � ���. � ��� � � � ��>. �DC 3 ��oxymel �ED� ��� � � F � �����GH�part (of the period) ;IJ ��participant � & " *� � " � �K= * + C � � �K= * +perigee �� � � �J L— of epicycle ��� � � � ��>. �DC 3 �� �� � � �J Lperiod & � � � 0 � &D� �periods (of life) �? �& � � � �� 0 �Persians M � �# . �phlegm � �/ 3 � �

Pisces �?N� Lpollution of minerals �O �5" /P� � � �5" � ��power/strength $N� �� �� � ��price

�� & " / � 0 � ��/ �progressive Q � � �# �� �-�proof �E � � R ���� � �O " R �S� �prorogation/ tasyır

� � � � ��� �Tprorogator/haylaj � � � � � RPtolemy M � � � , 3 ' T �pushing 6 ��P� �qasim Q � + " ��qisma

� , � ��quakes �? " �# LK� &quartile 6 � � � � � ��rain & " ' � 0 � � ' �rainbow � �� �� M � ��receiver ; � � " ��reception/received � � � � �# � � � � � ��religion

� �� " � � � �E � � �; 3 � � 3 �

religious sciences� !� � �� � � � U � 3 (

retrogradation/retrograde 6 LV� �& 6 L � &returning

� &revolution/transfer ; � � � : W �riots �E �� ��rising-time 6 . " ' �— of the city � 3 � � . � 6 . " ' �ruler � � �X�5�— 8 � � �Sagittarius 8 � Y �&salkhudah/lord of the year

� � �B�: Z " �Saturn ; 4 �&science Q [ (

— of judgments of stars U �PF � ��\. � U " ] L0 � Q [ (

— of spheres of stars ) � � � � GH. � �I� �� 0 � Q [ (

English-Arabic Glossary 319

Scorpio � � � �� �season � � � � � �seasonal hours

����� � � � � � ���� � � �second � � ��� � �� � �� � � � � ��second place � � � � ��separation ���!�� "#�seventh place $ � � � �sextile � " �%&#' �"share ( � ) * � � + *sign , � - ��� � � , � �.� �similarity

�� / � � �'0�sixth place 1 2#� �slow in motion

� 3 �4'05 � 67 ) " �snow � � / ��solstitial signs (du.) 8 3 � � � 9 �� � : 6 � � � * � �.� �southern � � � � � � *%�sperm

�� � ) "sphaera recta ; � � �� ��<'0� = / �sphear/orb �>9 � 6 � � = / �— of the Moon � ? �� 5 �@= / �spring/of spring 7 � A � � � � � � $ � � � � �star/stars/seven planets B � C � �DCE� B � C �FCstation � �� -storms of stars B � C � � GH5 � I � �� � �succedent & ��J� 5 � � � K � � � �summer/of summer 7 � � � � L � M � � Lsummer solstice 7 � � � � L � � 9 �� � �Sun � N � � Osuperiority PQ9 A ��J� �swift/swiftness

�� �R��!SO � $ � � ��!TOsystem U � ) "Tail (of Dragon) B � � 2talismans �� � ? ' / VTaurus � � ��tenth (place) ��! � O � �

term2 - & W � �& W

third place �B 5 � ��thunder

2 �F� �thunderbolts � � � �DLtime degree �� � � � '05 � P � *%�time instruments �� � � � '05 � �� : � �translation �� �trine �B � � / �� ��triplicity

�� �� �/ ��X�tropical (moving) sign B � / �� � � , � �.� �twelfth place ��! � � � � � � � ��under the rays Y � A �'05 � �B Z [ �

unfortunate/made unfortunate � \ �X�Venus

�� �.] �vernal equinox 7 � A � � � � � � � & �� � �Virgo

�� / � �Q� �warmth/warming 8 3 �@\ ' �" � 8 Z Owars � � - � * � � � � *watery � �

6� � �watery triplicity

��T�� � 6� � � ��T�� �/ ��X�weakness M A Lwesterly/westerliness B � � � � A �� � � � �� A �wind , � � � � � � [ � �winter/of winter ^ � � �� �� � P � �� ��winter solstice ^ � � �� �� � � 9 �� � �witness

�� 2#� � � Oyellow bile P �� � Lzenith 1

6 �� 5 � �B N � OZıj � �[ � �al-Zıj al-Balig $ 5 � � � 5 � � �[ � � 5 �al-Zıj al-Jami ↪ $ � � Z � _ � � �[ � � 5 �

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