Introduction Europe 1750-1880 - HCC Learning Web

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, M. Kathryn Shields

PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT

Chapter 3.7 Art of Europe and America (1700–1900)

Introduction Europe 1750-1880

▪ Period of social, economic, and political upheaval

◆ Governments by and for the people replaced absolute monarchies

• American Revolution, 1776 and French Revolution, 1879

◆ Industrial Revolution, 18th and 19th centuries

▪ Period also known as the Age of Enlightenment and the

Age of Reason

◆ Reason over faith-scientific proof

◆ Liberty over tyranny

◆ Equality

◆ Scientific exploration


PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT


Rococo 1700-1750▪ Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

◆ Power and extravagance of the European nobility

◆ Stylistic characteristics:

◆ Light-hearted subject matter

◆ Whimsical, flirtatious, often silly

◆ Ornamental and opulent

◆ Pastel colors, gold, white

◆ Decorative in feeling and visually, too

◆ Amusements of the aristocracy

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, The

Swing, 1766. Oil on canvas, 31⅞

× 25¼”. Wallace Collection,

London, England


PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT


Jean-Honoré Fragonard,The Swing

▪ Flirtatious encounter

◆ She kicks off her shoe as she swings

◆ “Gentleman” has view up her dress

◆ Cupid statue puts his finger to his lips, suggesting this is a

secretive relationship

▪ Bishop

◆ Either oblivious to or supportive of the encounter

◆ Could be a judgment on the church’s role in society

Francois Boucher Cupid a Captive 1754

Antoine Watteau Pilgrmage to Cythera 1717 –Fete galante painting (amorous festival) outdoor entertainments and

amusements of the Aristocracy


PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT


Neoclassicism ▪ Harkens back to ancient Greece and Rome-in style

▪ Characteristics of artworks:

◆ Exemplify civic responsibility

◆ Convey a moral message

◆ Stable compositions

◆ Idealized bodies

◆ Classical architecture

◆ Heroic subject matter

◆ Tells a story or a relates a message on morality

◆ “Natural” art- realistically portrayed as in nature

◆ Often sermonizing and austere

Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Oil on canvas, 10’10” × 13’11⅜”. Musée du Louvre, Paris, France


PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT


Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii

▪ Jacques-Louis David

◆ History painter who painted for monarchy, revolutionaries,

and Napoleon

▪ Oath of the Horatii

◆ Roman story, Roman archways, Roman costume

◆ Brothers vow allegiance to their father and to Rome

◆ Shows sacrifice for civic duty

Jacques Louis David

Death of Marat 1793

Marat was an extremist

supporter of the Revolution –

helped start the Reign of Terror.

Marat was killed in the bath by

Charlotte Corday- gained

entrance to Marat's house on

the pretense of presenting him

a list of people who enemies of

France. Marat said they would

be guillotined next week upon

which Corday immediately

fatally stabbed him. She was

guillotined shortly thereafter.

David was a very politically

involved artist. At first a

supporter of the monarchy,

then of the Revolution, then

supported and was even

involved in the Reign of Terror.

Later, a supporter of Napoleon.

At the last, he exiled himself to

Brussels.

Jacques Louis

David

Napoleon at the

Saint Bernard

Pass

Or Napoleon

Crossing the Alps

1801

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Sarah Siddons

as the Tragic Muse 1784

Sir Joshua Reynolds

Lord Heathfield 1787

The Grand Manner Portraiture

Where the rich and

aristocratic are imbued with

noble, heroic postures.

Benjamin West Agrippina Landing at Brundisium with the Ashes of Germanicus 1768

Benjamin West Death of General Wolfe 1771

Wolfe died just as victory was claimed for the British over the French for Canada

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, 1769–1809, Charlottesville, Virginia

Gateways to Art: Understanding the Visual Arts, Third Edition, Debra J. DeWitte, Ralph M. Larmann, and M. Kathryn Shields

PART 3

HISTORY AND CONTEXT

Chapter 3.7 Art of Europe and America (1700–1865): Rococo to Romanticism

Thomas Jefferson, Monticello

▪ New American cities (late 18th century)

chose Neoclassical architecture for the

ideals it represented

▪ Stylistically, the orderly, intellectual

attitude, the air of calm, the sense of

permanence and legitimacy

▪ Classical architectural elements: arches,

domes, pediments, Roman oculus,

columns

Introduction Europe 1750-1880 - HCC Learning Web

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