GDA 403 SIG INTERNET

Kuliah-3

SumarnoProgram Studi Teknik Geodesi

FTSP Itenasmarnosoe@gmail.com

Mengenal Jaringan Internet

Materi

• Internet & World Wide Web

• Webmapping

• Webmapping Service Model

• Interet GIS

• A global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using

stardardized communication protocols

• Designed for US Military

(http://dir.yahoo.com/Computers_and_internet/Internet/History/)

Internet

History of Internet

• Email

• Chat (IRC)

• File Transfer (FTP)

• Remote Access (telnet)

• World Wide Web (Web)

• VoIP

Internet-Based Services

Computer Network

LinksNode-A Node-B

Network

Node-C

• Stand-alone computer: A PC by itself without connecting

to other computers

• Network: Two or more computers and other devices

connected together

• Networking: Concept of connected computers sharing

resources

Computer Network

Internet

• A system of Internet servers that support specially

formatted documents. The documents are

formatted in a markup language called HTML

(HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to

other documents, as well as graphics, audio, and

video files.

World Wide Web

• Invented by Tim Berners Lee (1990)

• Maintained by W3C• Document Format :

HTML• Protocol : HTTP

World Wide Web

• Personal/Corporate

• e-Commerce, e-Government, e-Learning, etc

• News/Information/Community/Corporate Portal

World Wide Web

• Web Server• Web Browser• HTTP• URL

Web Environment

• HTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol

• The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over

the Internet, to transmit data.

• Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in

order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share.

HTTP

HTTP Request

HTTPWeb Browser Web Server and

File System

HTTP

Web Server & Web Browser

3. Response

Browser

OS

Client machine

Web server

Server machine2. Server fetches document from local file

1. Get document request

• Uniform (or universal) resource locator, the address of a World Wide Web

page.

• A URL is one type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI); the generic term

for all types of names and addresses that refer to object on the World

Wide Web.

• Example:

❖ file://ftp.serverku.co.id/umum/files/webprog.doc

❖ news://news.serverku.co..id/soc.culture.indonesia

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Every URL consists of some of the following:

the scheme name (commonly called protocol), followed by a

colon, two slashes, then depending on scheme, a server name

(exp. ftp, www.,smtp., etc) followed by dot (.) then a domain

name (alternatively, IP address), a port number, the path of

the resource to by fetched or the program to be run, then, for

programs such as Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts, a

query string, and an optional fragment identifier.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL Structure

Protocol Scheme

Domain Name

Port Number

Resource Location

Domain Name System

• Script (Language) : HTML, JavaScript, XML, PHP, ASP, etc

• Interface Design : CSS

• Editor : Kedit, vi, Notepad, Dreamweaver, Editplus, etc

• Operating System : Windows, Linux, Mac OS

• Web Server : Apache, IIS, PWS

• Web Browser : Navigator, IE, Mozilla, Opera, Chrome, Safari

Web Programming Env.

GIS and Internet

Data Recording

Data Organization

Data Analysis

Data Output

tables

tablespolygons

lines

points

maps

+

+ +vector raster attribute data

GIS Visualization

Basis data spasial

Cetak

Internet SIG/ Web Mappingh t t ph t t p

• Advantages

❖ True cross-platform ability

❖ Widely available

❖ Very cheap medium

Why Publish on Web

• Disadvantages

❖ Difficult to charge for use

❖ Limited audience

❖ Audio, animation, and true interactively not directly

supported

❖ Limited graphical quality (72 dpi resolution)

❖ Limited formats (15” screens)

❖ Limited colour quality (RGB, 256 colours)

➢ Design should be specially made for WWW

What do I say to whom and is it effective?

What do I say to whom and is it effective?

Evolution of Distributed GIS

High

Low

Low HighInteractivity

Fun

ctio

nal

ity

Static Map Publishing

Static Web Mapping

Interact Web Mapping

Distributed GI Services

• HTML• Static Map

Image

• HTML Forms• Tables• CGI• ISAPI• NSAPI

• Dynamic HTML• Scripts• Plug-in• ActiveX Controls• Serlets

• Java Beans/Applets• Corba/Java• ActiveX Controls• DCOM• Componen-based• XML• .Net

• Analysis of geospatial data and definition of map content

• Analysis of required perception levels

• Application of the graphic variables:

❖ Colour, size, orientation, form, value, and texture

❖ Derived variables: transparency, shadow, shading

• Application of multi-media elements:

❖ Animation, sound, and video

• Production constraints:

❖ Technology, manpower, costs

Factors involved in web map design

• An electronic copy of a paper map

• Embedding maps as graphic images like GIF, JPEG, and Portable Network

Graphic (PNG) inside an HTML page.

• A static map publishing does not support feature data at the client side

and does not have map-rendering tools.

• Acrobat’s PDF file is another popular method to publish map on the

web.

Static Map Publishing

• Make a map as one of the many graphic image formats, such as GIF, JPEG,

and PNG or PDF. Then embed these map image files inside the HTML

documents using <IMG> tag or element in the HTML.

<IMG SRC=“/maps/kotabogor.gif” ALIGN=“center” ALT=“A Kota Bogor Maps”>

• The map could also be linked with another map images or HTML pages

<A HREF=“about_ktbgr.htm”> <IMG SRC=“/maps/kotabogor.gif” >

Embedding Map Images in HTML Documents

• Clickable Maps

refers to a map that links to separate information about different parts

of the map image

• Archictecture of Static Web Publishing

❖ The Client : Web Browser

❖ The Glue : HTTP

❖ The Server : HTTP Server

Static Map Publishing

Web Publishing Set-Up

Architecture of Static Map Publishing

Web Browsers (HTML & Forms)

HTML Document

CGI

HTTP

Tier2Tier1 Tier3

HTTP

Web ServerWeb Client Internet TCT/IP

Map Services

DBMS

Application Servers

Server Applications

Architecture of CGI-based Internet GIS

WWWBrowser

WWWServer (http)

CGISCRIPT

GISServer

User Request Invoke

Send Variables

Deliver Results

Translate Results

Return Result