Innovations and - Trends in Optical - Cisco Live

#CLUS

Moustafa Kattan, Distinguished Systems Engineer

Raul Gomez, Consulting Systems Engineer

BRKOPT-2003

Innovations and Trends in Optical Networking

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public#CLUS

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cs.co/ciscolivebot#BRKOPT-2003

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3

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BRKOPT-2003 3

Agenda


• Introduction to Optical & CDC Networking

• WSON/SSON DWDM Control Planes

• Multi-Layer IP + Optical Building Blocks

• Optical Dis-aggregation Trends

• Carrier Grade TDM to IP Network Migration Trends

• Next Gen Optical Architectures

BRKOPT-2003 4

Introduction to Optical & CDC Networking


Advancement in DWDM

IPoDWDM10G/40G

Pro-active Protection

WSON and GMPLS UNI

SSONOpen

DWDM400G/600G

+Pluggable

DWDM

Optical performance

with G.709 framing.

First real application

to leverage

integration.

Improved network

resiliency/

availability.

Introduction of an

advanced control

plane for the optical

layer.

Simple, focus on

cost reductions.

Optical costs start to

dominate @ 100G

Spectrum Switched

Optical Networks

Paradigm shift towards

Open DWDM

Virtual Transponder

FS ROADM

Logical Integration with

unified management. Introduction of

Single Carrier

400G/600G

BRKOPT-2003 6


G.709 Hierarchy and Frame Structures

• G.709 defined a fixed “hierarchy” of payloads

• G.709 started as a digital wrapper around WDM client signals to improve reach and manageability.

• Recently it has developed into a complex multiplexing structure.

• ODU-Flex allows flexible sub wavelength grooming.

• Provides Forward Error Correction

• FEC extends reach and design flexibility, at “silicon cost”

• improves OSNR tolerancePayload

Frame Payload (OPU)

ODU0 1,238,954 kbit/s

OTU1 2,488,320 kbit/s

OTU2 9,995,276 kbit/s

OTU3 40,150,519 kbit/s

OTU4 104,355,975 kbit/s

ODU-Flex Flexible Data Rates

G.709 Hierarchy

G.709 Digital Wrapper

BRKOPT-2003 7


IPoDWDM and Proactive Protection

Reactive Protection

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

FEC

working

route

protect

route

fail

over

FEC Cliff

LOF

Time

Transponder

protect

route

working

route

FEC Cliff

Protection Trigger

Pre

-FE

C B

it

Err

ors

Ro

ute

r B

it

Err

ors

ROADM

SwitchFEC

Time

Router

IP-over-DWDMProactive Protection

Traditional

BRKOPT-2003 8


Evolution to Digital Coherent Optics

DSP integrated with the host card

CFP2-ACO CFP2-DCO

DSP integrated with the CFP2

BRKOPT-2003 9


Avoiding the form factor journey for 400 GbE

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 GbE 100 GbE 400 GbE

Years

Years to Achieve High Volume form

• Different market’s adopt at different times

• Form factors optimize to market need at time

Longer reachLower volume

Lower System Density

High volumeHigh System Density

QSFP QSFP28

40G to100GJourney

CFP

CPAKCFP2

CFP4

Higher volumesMedium System

Density

Largely ignored(Expensive & no

backwards compatible)

BRKOPT-2003 10


Optics Innovation – QSFP-DD

• QSFP plus a 2nd row of pins

• Drop-in upgrade for 100G networks – same port count

• Maintains 36 ports per RU w/ backward compatibility

• Same faceplate, slightly deeper

• QSFP56-DD for 400G

• 8 electrical lanes at 50G (56 w/ overhead)

• QSFP28-DD for 200G or 2x 100G

• 8 electrical lanes at 25G (28 w/ overhead)

• Can support breakouts

BRKOPT-2003 11


Agile DWDM Layer

Colorless – ROADM ports are not frequency

specific (re-tuned laser does not require fiber

move).

Omni-Directional – ROADM ports are not

direction specific (re-route does not require fiber

move).

Contention-less - Same frequency can be

added/dropped from multiple ports on same device.

Flex Spectrum – Ability to provision the

amount of spectrum allocated to wavelength(s)

allowing for 400G and 600 G channels.

Complete Control in Software, No Physical Intervention Required

Foundation for Multi-Layer Network Programmability

Tunable Transponder – Color and

modulation. Ability to derive max b/w based on

distance and fiber quality.

WSONWavelength Switched Optical Network

Animated Slide

BRKOPT-2003 12


How Shall We Move To the Next Level

• Go Faster with Less Pieces

• Double Baud Rate from 32GB to 64GB

• More Modulations • QPSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM

• Hybrid Modulation

• Integration – Fewer Components• Line Rate Encryption

DSP 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500, 600{

BRKOPT-2003 13

WSON/SSON DWDM Control Planes


Towards More Flexible High bit Rates DWDM

ASONAutomatic Switched Optical Networks

WSON

SSON

Wavelength Switched Optical Networks

Spectrum Switched Optical Networks

BRKOPT-2003 15


Switched Optical Networks – ASON/WSON

• Automatic SON relies on Electrical Layer Switching (OTN Switching) for restoration of traffic (circuits);

• Wavelength SON is a GMPLS control plane which is “DWDM aware”:

• Software based and no OTN Switching layer requirement

• LSPs are wavelengths and restores all C/L Bands vs circuits

• Control plane is aware of optical impairments;

• Enables:

• Wavelength setup on the fly

• Wavelength re-routing (restoration – 1+R or 1+1+R); WSON is a restoration mechanism (1-2min)

• Restores against multiple fiber cuts

BRKOPT-2003 16


WSON IntelligenceWSON Input

Linear Impairments

Power Loss

OSNR

CD

PMD

Non Linear Impairments

SPM

XPMFWM

Topology

Wavelength

Route Choice

Interface Type

Bit rate

FEC

Modulation

Regenerator capability

Service Creation

Wavelength assignment

Optical Path calculation

and provisioningNon Linear optical

impairments verification

Linear optical

impairments verification

BRKOPT-2003 17


Rigid Spacing

Wasted Spectrum

Superchannel with Minimal Spacing

Efficient Spectrum Use

Tightly spaced Superchannels deliver ~30% increase in capacity

50 GHz ITU Grid “FlexSpectrum”

Traditionally DWDM capacity is limited by the channel spacing imposed by the 50GHz ITU grid

BRKOPT-2003 18

Multi-Layer IP + Optical Building Blocks


The Foundation is the Dynamic Optical Layer

ROADM

RXTX RXTX

ML Restoration Step 0 – IP Protects.! Proactive protection ( sub 15 msec )

Shared Risk Link Groups – End to End circuit provisioning with knowledge of any Optical infrastructure risks.

Coordinated Maintenance – Provide proactive notification of maintenance activity to connected NEs to proactively route around maintenance node

ML IP+DWDM Signaling for 1+1+R

ML Restoration Step 1 – WSON/SSON restores within 1 to 2 mins

G.709 / FEC

G.709 / FEC

Routing Engine

Routing Engine

G.7

09 /

FE

C

G.7

09 /

FE

CX

FEC Cliff

FEC thres.

1 2

4 1

5

UNI-C

Diversity / SRLG /

Latency etc…

ROADMXLeverage CDC and IPoDWDM

34

FEC Cliff

FEC thres.

Animated Slide

BRKOPT-2003 20


Multi Layer Restoration (MLR)

• Optimise both the IP and the Optical layers as a “single entity”

• Two main MLR Components:

• MLR-O: to deal with optical layer failures

• MLR-P: to deal with IP port (or transponder)

BRKOPT-2003 21


Reference Design to be used

DWDM

Colorless

Omni-directional

ROADM Nodes

Fiber Pair

Router

IPoDWDM

Interface

DWDM

Abstraction Layer

• All links shown as IPoDWDM, but could also be grey + transponder with similar results

• IP Protects and DWDM (WSON) Restores

BRKOPT-2003 22

© 2018 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23#CLUS

• Fail fiber spans one at a time (in this example, the top one)

• Typical causes: fiber cut, amp failure, human error

• Assume traffic is protected at the IP layer, therefore extra capacity is needed.

• This means in this scenario 2 x 100G extra interfaces for each link.

All Single Fiber Failures without MLR-O

+180G

260G+

180G

180G+

70G

130Gredundant interfaces

BRKOPT-2003


MLR-O for Fiber FailuresIP Protects and DWDM Restores• Fiber failure causes traffic to

re-route at L3 using available capacity

• Premium traffic (30G) can be prioritized to use available bandwidth

• IP Protects in less than 1 millisecond.

• WSON Restores in 1 to 2 mins

• Congestion may occur for low priority traffic for seconds (typically 1 minute range)

• Typical saving is 30-50 % of transponder and router interfaces

260G 70G

130G

Possible congestion (20 sec)

BRKOPT-2003 24


Closed, Open or Disaggregated

• Main DWDM transmission Components and the three main categories today :

• Closed DWDM Systems

• Open DWDM Systems

• Disaggregated DWDM Systems.

Transponders Line System Transponders

Vendor A Vendor B Vendor A

A

B

C

DD

B D

D

B

B

Vendor A Vendor A Vendor A

Vendor C

Closed

Open

Disagr.

BRKOPT-2003 25

Optical Dis-aggregation Trends Open ROADM, TIP and G-OLS


• Demand growth & shifts:

Rapidly growing user traffic

Migration to the cloud

Results: Increased demand for

Network flexibility, agility and optimize cost

No Vendor Lock-in

• Technology Enablers:

Increasing use of open source and whitebox approaches (Specially in Data Centers)

Multi-layer transport SDN automation & optimization

Drivers & Enablers for Optical Disaggregation

BRKOPT-2003 27


• Flexible Grid Open Line Systems:

No industry consensus definition yet, some early requirements and RFPs

Growing interest and support, limited deployment

• Open ROADM MSA:

Targeting Metro/Edge applications

Participation from many influential industry members

• Telecom Infra Project (TIP) Initiatives:Voyager white box packet-optical system

MSA Proposal for point-to-point open line system

Strong industry participation

Open/Disaggregated Optical System Activities

BRKOPT-2003 28


Typical Current Deployment: Integrated Optical System

BRKOPT-2003 29

Single Vendor Control, Integration, Support

Transponder 1

Transponder 2

Transponder n

Transponder 1

Transponder 2

Transponder n

Line System Control Terminal System

Mux/

Demux

Terminal Amp

(TA)

80 Km Line Amp

(TA) Optional

80 KmTerminal Amp

(TA)

Mux/

Demux

+ ROADMs for Optical Mesh

Terminal System


• Enable operators to multi—source critical high value components

• Automate and optimize L0-L3 operations via software

• Innovate faster by decoupling development cycles for line systems and terminal equipment

Industry Goals

BRKOPT-2003 30


Opportunities for Optical Disaggregation

BRKOPT-2003 31

Transponder 1

Transponder 2

Transponder n

Transponder 1

Transponder 2

Transponder n

Domain Controller (ROADM)

Mux/

Demux

Terminal Amp

(TA)

80 Km In-Line Amp

(ILA) Optional

80 KmTerminal Amp

(TA)Mux/

Demux

Terminal Equipment Disaggregation1

Open Line System2

Open Line System Control / APIs3

Disaggregated Line System 4

Multi-vendor Transponder Interop5


Open Line Systems

BRKOPT-2003 32


Mux/

Demux

Terminal Amp

(TA)

80 Km

In-Line Amp

(ILA) Optional

80 Km

Terminal Amp

(TA)Mux/

Demux

SDN Controller / Orchestrator

Open Mgmt Interfaces

Open Mgmt Interfaces O

pe

n M

gm

tIn

terf

aces

Op

en M

gm

tIn

terf

aces

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pe

cs

Vendor B

Vendor C

Vendor A

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pecs

Open Line Systems already exist.Need a common agreement on what that means

Domain Controller (TXP)

Domain Controller (TXP)


Optical Disaggregation

• Motivation

• Challenges

• Opportunities

Open Line System

BRKOPT-2003 33


Open ROADM MSA Proposal

BRKOPT-2003 34

• Open Disaggregated Interoperable Optical Layer• Standards-based API from each component to SDN Controller• Pluggable Long Reach Optics (Transponder or Router)• Software Controlled ROADMs (C/D & C/D/C)• Metro to start with, since less performance sensitive


TIP Proposal for Point-to-Point Open Line System

BRKOPT-2003 35

• Node-level optical spec (similar to Open ROADM approach), but tailored for point to point OLS configuration.

• Specifications proposed for key optical ( Incremental OSNR contribution, channel powers, gain mask, OSC, monitoring points, line protection, etc) and control parameters.

• Yang data models proposed for two nodes (Terminal & ILA)


Mux/Demux

80 KmIn-Line Amp

(ILA) Optional

80 KmTerminal Amp

YANG

Terminal Amp

YANG

Mux/Demux

Mux/Demux

YANG

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pe

cs

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pecs

Netconf


Google Proposal for Open Line System

BRKOPT-2003 36

Terminal Optics Terminal Optics

Open Line System (OLS)

Amps, Mux/Demux, ROADM, Gain Equalizer



Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pecs

Decoupled Line System & Coherent Optics Benefits:Best of breed TechnologiesNo Vendor Lock-inCoherent optics makes this decoupling a lot easier compared to dispersion managed plants for non-coherent optics

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pecs


Challenges and Next Steps

BRKOPT-2003 37

Carrier Grade TDM to IP Network Migration Trends


Current State of the Industry

LEGACY DCS, M13, ADM, WDM..: 8100 Sq. Ft

• SPs must maintain profitable delivery of TDM services…

• …But challenges in front of SPs

• Considerations to modernize COs

BRKOPT-2003 39


Three considerations to manage existing TDM assets

Rust in Place – Do Nothing (Sweat the Assets)

(+) No additional Capex, manage declining revenues

(–) Increasing Opex, lower agility, Obsolescence of Workforce & Network

Uproot everything to Ethernet (Revolution)

(+) High Capex investment, new Network, lower Opex

(–) Sharp revenue decline, customer churn / migration / tariff issues

Migrate the Network (Evolution)

(+) No revenue cliffs, maintain customer contracts, tariffs, with lower Opex

(–) Upfront Capex investments

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3

BRKOPT-2003 40


Option 1 - Do Nothing / Sweat the Assets

This option is detrimental to long-term business; will decrease profitability / cause competitive disadvantage

1) Opex will continue to increase

• Expensive Spares and maintenance

• Specialized talent

• Higher power consumption

2) Operations will get more complex

• “Old” and “New” networks

• Increasing outages

• Longer cycle times

3) CapEx will remain blocked

• Inefficient utilization of valuable real estate

No Action = Bigger Challenges in SLAs

Movement to IP is inevitable

Competitive Disadvantage

BRKOPT-2003 41


Option 2 – Uproot to Ethernet - Revolution

This Option has benefits – but high risks of “revenue that adverse impact ongoing business…

• IP reduces operational cost of providing service by 10-20%

• Higher Reliability: e.g. traffic prioritization and QoS, including restauration paths to guarantee traffic integrity

• Better Scalability: Leased lines are difficult to scale, due to time needed for deployment and the expense

Certainly it has its Benefits…

• Erosion of current TDM revenues

• Massive Scope / Complexity

• High migration cost

• Reliability issues

• High Risk of Contract cancellations

• Agitate customer resulting in revenue loss

• Inability to scale quickly

…But Big Risks...

BRKOPT-2003 42


Option 3 – Migrating the Network - Evolution

Migrating from TDP to IP by using circuit emulation, minimizes risks, while providing the benefits of IP…

TDM frames transported using IP as payload of IP packets

• Ingress CEM Node samples TDM Frames for Packetization

• Egress CEM Node collects Packets and reconstructs TDM Frames

No Changes at Customer End

Preserve TDM service

• Maintain existing revenues, customer experience, tariffs

Reduce Opex and Capex

• Lower cooling, power, operations costs, higher agility and scalability

Best of both Worlds

BRKOPT-2003 43


TDM to IP migration – Customers will benefit from Option3

Estimated OpEx Savings:

• $M / Year Large Office

• $$$M / Year Network-Wide

FROM

LEGACY DCS, M13, ADM, WDM..: 8100 Sq. Ft

TO

NCS-Modernized

Network

810 ft2

~ 90% Space

~ 75% Power

BRKOPT-2003 44


In Summary -- TDM to IP migration Provides…

Option 1Do Nothing

Option 2Uproot to Ethernet

(Revolution)

Option 3 Migrate Network

(Evolution)

Opex and Capex reductions: space, power, cooling, operations, testing, maintenance ✘ ✔✔ ✔

Avoid Opex increase from EoS/EoL of TDM ✘ ✔✔ ✔

Avoid revenue loss from outages after EoS/EoL ✘ ✔✔ ✔

Avoid revenue loss/ risk of customer churn during and after customer and service migration ✔ ✘ ✔

Avoid revenue loss due to contract cancellations (forced migration – need to migrate 100%) ✔ ✘ ✔

No multi-year transformation/migration cost (parallel operations, execution risk) ✔ ✘ ✔

Quick/seamless migration for quicker realization of benefits N/A ✘ ✔

full scopepartial scope

none

✔✔✔✘

Benefits

BRKOPT-2003 45

Next Gen Optical Architectures


Automation & ProgrammabilityComplete automation of installation, configuration and fine-grained monitoring

BRKOPT-2003


Open Line Systems

BRKOPT-2003 48


Mux/

Demux

Terminal Amp

(TA)

80 Km

In-Line Amp

(ILA) Optional

80 Km

Terminal Amp

(TA)Mux/

Demux

SDN Controller / Orchestrator


Open Mgmt Interfaces O

pe

n M

gm

tIn

terf

aces

Op

en M

gm

tIn

terf

aces

Vendor A

Vendor B

Vendor C

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pe

cs

Vendor B

Vendor C

Vendor A

Op

tical I

nte

rface S

pecs

Open Line Systems already exist.Need a common agreement on what that means

Domain Controller

(TXP)

Domain Controller

(TXP)


End2End TDM Service over CEM/PW/MPLS

BRKOPT-2003

Service delivery Node with limited # of Uplinks Aggregation Node providing enough 10GE and 100GE Ports


NCS 4200 Platform8x DS1\E1 CEM

48x DS1\E1 CEM

48x DS3\E3 CEM

10G CEM (1xSFP+, 8xSFP)(OC-3/12/48/192 or STM-1/-4/-16/-64)

Combo 1x 10GE, 8x GE/FE

8x 10GE Ethernet

2x 40GE Ethernet

1x 100GE Ethernet

NCS 42167RU

16 Slots, ISSU

400G

NCS 42063RU

6 Slots, ISSU

400G

NCS 42021RU, 1 card slot

64G

NCS 42011RU

64G

CE

MP

AC

KE

T

BRKOPT-2003

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Thank you

#CLUS


AcronymsADC Analog Digital Converter

C-SPF Constrained Shortest Path First

CD Chromatic Dispersion

CP-DQPSK

Coherent Polarisation-Mux Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

DCU Dispersion Compensating Unit

DSP Digital Signal Processing

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

ELEAF E-Large Effective Area Fibre

ERO Explicit Route Option

FEC Forward Error Correction

FRR Fast Re-Route

FWM Four Wave Mixing

GMPLS Generalized Multi Protocol Label Switching

IC Integrated Circuit

IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers

IETF Internet Engineeing Task Force

ITU International Telecommunications Union

LFA Loop Free Alternate

LMP Link Management Protocol

LSP Labeled Switch Path

NNI Network-Network Interface

NPU Network Processing Unit

NCS Network Convergence System

OCP Optical Control Plane

OEO Optical – Electrical- Optical

OIF Optical Internetworking Forum

OOK On/Off Keying

OSNR Optical Signal to Noise Ratio

OTN Optical Transport Network

PMD Polarization Mode Dispersion

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

ROADM Reprogrammable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

BRKOPT-2003 55


Acronyms (Continued)

RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLA Service Level Agreement

SMF

Single Mode Fiber

SONET Synchronous Optical Network

SRLG Shared Risk Link Groups

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TDM Time Division Multiplexed

TE Traffic Engineering

UNI User-Network Interface

WSON Wavelength Switched Optical Network

WXC Wavelength Cross Connect

XPM Cross Phase Modulation

YoY Year over Year

BRKOPT-2003 56

Innovations and - Trends in Optical - Cisco Live

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