Voice over 5G Mobile Core - Cisco Live

#CLUS

Subrata Mukherjee

Amir Ahmadi

BRKSPM-2017

BRKSPM-2017 Cisco Live San Diego 2019

Voice over 5G Mobile Core

© 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public#CLUS

• Introduction on VoNR

• Voice Service Migration

• Voice Option for NSA

• Voice Options for SA

• 5G to 3G SRVCC

• E911 Call Options for SA

• What Operators are Pursuing

• Conclusion and Takeaways

• QA

BRKSPM-2017 3

Agenda

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BRKSPM-2017

Voice Service Migration


CSFB or

Handover

(SRVCC)

[Rel 15]

5GC

EPC

CSCore

IMSCore

Inter-systemHandover EPS FB

CSFB

X

Handover (SRVCC)

VoLTE

VoNR

CS Voice

EPC

SGs

Sv

N26

Voice Services Migration 2G/3G4G5G

6BRKSPM-2017

• 2G/3G: Voice Centric Networks

• 4G/LTE:

• First, CSFB (Circuit Switched Fallback)

• Then, IMS Voice/VoLTE was born in a Data Centric Network

• 5G/NG-RAN:

• First, EPS Fallback

• Then, Voice over New Radio (VoNR) with Inter-System Handover between 5GS and EPS3GPP Rel 16 is specifying SRVCC from NG-RAN(5G) to UTRAN(3G)

Voice Option for NSA (non-Standalone Architecture)


Option 3x Voice Option

8BRKSPM-2017

• eNB is the signaling anchor

• User data (e.g. internet) flows from core to the gNB. From there, it is delivered to the UE directly or via eNB

• Voice/VoLTE (IMS) traffic does not require high data rate and can to be sent from the core to the UE via eNB radio (eNBConfiguration)

IMS Core

Option 3 5G UE

eNB NR

X2

S1-MME

5G

MME S/PGW

EPC

Internet Data (QCI=9)

IMS Voice (QCI=1)

IMS Signaling (QCI=5)

Voice Options for SA (Standalone Architecture)


Access Selection for Voice

Access Selection for Voice = f(UE Configuration, Network Capability)

?gNB

eNB

5GC

EPC

IMSCore

4G+5G

10BRKSPM-2017

UE’s Voice Service

Subscription

Network Capability

AMF

SMF UPF

PCF

5GC

VoNR

UDM/UDR+

Voice Centric

Data Centric

UE's usage setting

UE Configuration

?

4G+5G


4G/5G Interworking (with IMS)

11BRKSPM-2017

• IMS interconnection with 5GC is supported with Rx/Diameter only in 3GPP Rel 15• Rel 16 shall support SBI/HTTP for IMS interconnection


Voice Options in 5G SA

12BRKSPM-2017

• VoNR is a complex service requiring support in the UE, RAN as well as 5GC

• Achieving good voice quality also requires careful optimization and tuning of the radio network

• Operators may introduce VoNR in their networks in a stepwise manner.

• To support different deployment scenarios, 3GPP has specified two different mechanisms for voice

• Option 1: EPS Fallback for Voice Service

• Voice call setup (both mobile-originated and mobile-terminated) continues in 5GS until the point that voice-bearer needs to be setup. At this point the call is moved to EPS. Voice call then continues in EPS.

• Option 2: Native Voice Service over 5GS (VoNR)

• Call initiated in 5G/NR, call setup continues in 5G/NR and call established in 5G/NR

Voice over NR


Voice over NR (VoNR)

Rx

Gm

eNB

gNB

IMS Core

AMF

SMF +PGW-C

UPF + PGW-U

PCF

5GC

SGW

MME

EPC

N26

S5

Seamless 4G<->5G IMS

voice session continuity

14BRKSPM-2017

IMS (SIP) Registration

5GCIMSCore

UE Registers with 5GS(VoNR Negotiation)

IMS PDU Session Establishment

IMS Voice Setup

Voice Session in 5GS


Voice over NR (VoNR)

15BRKSPM-2017

gNB

5GCIMSCore

Detect 5G Network

1. UE Registration with 5GS

Registration Accept (IMS Voice Support Indicator)Registration Request (UE’s Usage Setting)

2. IMS PDU Session Establishment

PDU Session Est. Accept Accept (IP Add, P-CSCF Add)PDU Session Est. Req. (IMS DNN)

3. IMS Registration

Terminate Call

5. VoNR Call

4. VoNR EstablishmentINVITE

200 OK

QCI 1 Bearer Setup

QCI 1 Bearer Setup Complete

UE

1. UE Detects 5G Network

2. UE Registers with 5GS


4. IMS Registration

5. VoNR Establishment

6. VoNR Continuation

7. VoNR Termination

EPS Fallback


EPS Fallback

Rx

Gm

eNB

gNB

IMS Core

AMF

SMF +PGW-C

UPF + PGW-U

PCF

5GC

SGW

MME

EPC

N26

S5

UE is handed over to

EPS during Voice Call

Setup

17BRKSPM-2017

UE Registers with 5GS(VoNR Negotiation)

5GCIMSCore

EPC

IMS PDU Session Establishment

IMS (SIP) Registration

IMS Voice Session Initiation

IMS triggered Voice bearer (5QI/QCI=1) establishment

IMS Voice call setup continues in EPC

Voice call is established with EPS Fallback

gNB triggers EPS FB(Handover to EPS)


EPS Fallback

Detect 5G Network

1. UE Registration with 5GS

Registration Accept (IMS Voice Support Indicator)Registration Request (UE’s Usage Setting)

Voice Call

Tracking Area Update


PDU Session Est. Accept Accept (IP Add, P-CSCF Add)

PDU Session Est. Req. (IMS DNN)

gNB

5GCIMSCore

3. IMS Registration

INVITEQCI 1 Bearer Setup

4,5,6. VoNR Setup Initiation

HandoverOr

Redirection

EPS Fallback Triggered

IMSCore

EPC

QCI 5 Bearer Setup(because of HO/Redirection)

Terminate Call

8. VoLTE Call

7. VoLTE Setup ContinuationQCI 1 Bearer SetupQCI 1 Bearer Setup Complete

200 OK

18BRKSPM-2017

5G to 3GSingle Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC)


NG-RAN (5G) to UTRAN(3G) SRVCC

• There is no support of SRVCC from 5G/NG-RAN to 2G/3G in Release 15

• Release 16 introduces support of SRVCC from 5G/NG-RAN to 3G/UTRAN

• (r) SRVCC from 3G/UTRAN to 5G/NG-RAN is not supported

• SRVCC between 5G/NG-RAN and 2G/GSM (5G->2G or 2G->5G) is not supported

• 5G->3G SRVCC applies to IMS voice call as well as IMS emergency call

• After the 5G SRVCC to UTRAN, all the PDU sessions of the UE are released in 5G.

• No handover of non-IMS (voice) session/bearer from 5G to UTRAN


UPF

AMF

P-CSCF/ATCF/ ATGW

I/S-CSCF

SCC AS

IMS

UTRAN

MSC Server

MME_ SRVCC

SRVCC

Sv

N26

N3

N1,N2

RNC

N6

Mb Mg

UDM HSS

Sh

N8

HSS+UDM

SRVCC

SRVCC

SRVCC

P-CSCF: Proxy Call Session Control Function ATCF: Access Transfer Control FunctionI-CSCF : Interrogating Call Session Control Function ATGW: Access Transfer GatewayS-CSCF : Serving Call Session Control Function SCC AS: Service Call Continuity Application Server

SRVCC5G->3G

SRVCC5G->3G

SRVCC5G->3G

SRVCC5G->3G

SRVCC5G->3G SRVCC

5G->3G SRVCC Architecture

Emergency Call


EPCEPC

5GCIMSCore

Emergency Services FB

Emergency Call in 5GS

VoLTE

VoNRN26

PSAP

Emergency Call over NR

Location ServicesLocation Services

23BRKSPM-2017

Likely scenarios for Emergency Call Introduction in 5GS:Step 1: Emergency Services Fallback (ESFB)Step 2: VoNR Introduction (May take place in parallel with step 1)Step 3: Emergency Call over NR with seamless handover to EPS


Emergency Services Fallback (ESFB)• UE is registered with 5GS that supports ESFB

• When ready to make emergency call, UE requests to be handed over to EPS

• Emergency call is completed in EPS

AMF

f1

f2

LTE

MME

PGW-C+ SMF

SGW

N26

IMS

NR

1. Registration (ESFB negotiation)

2. Service Request for ESFB

3. Trigger HO

4. Inter-system HO

5. Tracking Area Update

6. Emergency PDN Connection

7. IMS Emergency Registration

8. Emergency Call Setup

1. Registration (ESFB negotiation)2. Service Request for ESFB3. Trigger HO4. Inter-system HO5. Tracking Area Update6. Emergency PDN Connection7. IMS Emergency Registration8. Emergency Call Setup


Emergency Call over NR• UE is registered with 5GS that supports

Emergency Call over NR

• Emergency call is completed in 5GS

AMF

f1

f2

LTE

MME

PGW-C+ SMF

SGW

N26

IMS

NR

1. Registration (EC over NR negotiation)

2. Emergency PDU Session Establishment

3. IMS Emergency Registration

4. Emergency Call Setup

1. Registration (EC over NR negotiation)2. Emergency PDU Session Establishment3. IMS Emergency Registration4. Emergency Call Setup


4G Emergency Positioning Architecture

S1-MME

GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Centre

LRF: Location Retrieval Function

E-SMLC: Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centre

LPP: LTE Positioning Protocol (can be used for both CP and UP Positioning Methods)

MME

E-SMLC

SGW

PGW IMS PSAP

GMLC LRF

S1-U

SGiS5

S11

SLs

LeMl

SLg

LPP

Emergency Call Positioning Architecture

N2 AMF

LMF

SMF

UPF IMS PSAP

GMLC LRF

N1

N3

N6N4

N11 (Nsmf,Namf)

NLs (Nlmf)

LeMl

NLg (Namf)

5G Emergency Positioning Architecture

LPP

LMF: Location Management Function

SP Approach


SPs Approach to Voice Migration

29BRKSPM-2017

Approach 1:• Initial Launch

Both EPS Fallback and VoNR for Voice

Emergency Services Fallback

(No Emergency Services over NR)

• Subsequent Launch

Expand VoNR coverage

Emergency Services over NR

Approach 2:

• Initial Launch

Both EPS Fallback and VoNR for Voice

Emergency Services Fallback

(No Emergency Services over NR)

• Subsequent Launch

No Planning done yet

Key Takeaways


Key Takeaways : Voice Services in 5GS

31BRKSPM-2017

• Voice services will remain an important and integral part of 5GS

• Voice services in 5GS are IMS based

• Migration options for voice services need to be supported

• Voice requires careful optimization and tuning of the network to support needed Quality of Service (QoS) for voice.

• Regulatory services like emergency call put additional requirements (e.g. positioning of the user) on the network

• 5G introduces Service Based Architecture (SBA). Legacy network domains (e.g. Location Services) need to adapt to SBA

• Device availability and support of voice services in 5GS are critical to early adoption and migration of voice services to 5GS

• Cisco offerings for 5G include support for voice services and their phased introduction

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Voice over 5G Mobile Core - Cisco Live

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