9

INDUSTRIAL ARTS:

PLUMBING

(ENTREPRENEURSHIP) Learner’s Material

Department of Education

Republic of the Philippines

This instructional material was collaboratively

developed and reviewed by educators from public and

private schools, colleges, and/or universities. We

encourage teachers and other education stakeholders

to email their feedback, comments, and

recommendations to the Department of Education at

action@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Technology & Livelihood Education – Grade 9

Industrial Arts: Plumbing - (Entrepreneurship)

Learner’s Material

First Edition, 2014

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any

work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the

government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for

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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

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use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and

authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Br. Armin A. Luistro FSC

Undersecretary: Dina S. Ocampo, Ph.D.

Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat

(DepEd-IMCS)

Office Address: 5th Floor Mabini Building, DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City

Philippines 1600

Telefax: (02) 634-1054 or 634-1072

E-mail Address: imcsetd@yahoo.com

Development Team of the Learner’s Material

Consultants: Rosendo R. Rafael, Howard Mark N. Plete and Clodualdo V. Paiton

Authors: Jordan G. Domingo Wilmar C. Gamas

Editor: Lando T. Guzman

Validators: Dr. Orlando E. Manuel, Dr. Fely L. Manuel, Dr. Romeo R. Vicmudo, Arnel E. Anonical, Joel G. Castillo, Marvin A. Mendoza, Lino A. Olit

Illustrators:

Subject Specialists: Alber t B. Erni, James Julius M. Liquigan,

Owen M. Milambiling

Management Team: Lolita M. Andrada, Jocelyn DR. Andaya,

Bella O. Mariñas and Jose D. Tuguinayo Jr.

Table of Contents

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Personal Entrepreneurial Competencies ........................................... 1

What to Know ....................................................................................... 1

What to Process .................................................................................... 3

What to Reflect On and Understand ................................................. 4

What to Transfer ................................................................................... 6

Post-assessmentt ................................................................................... 7

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET........................................................ 8

What to Know ...................................................................................... 8 What to Process .................................................................................. 12 What to Reflect On and Understand .............................................. 13 What to Transfer ................................................................................ 14 Post Assessment ................................................................................. 15

1

PERSONAL ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES (PECS)

WHAT TO KNOW

IMPORTANT ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAITS

The following are the fundamental characteristics of an entrepreneur:

1. Hardworking: If you are determined to run your own business, you must

concentrate on your work either as a producer or a seller. The success of

your business depends on how much time and effort you will spend on it.

2. Self-Confidence: You must have strong faith in your ability despite the

problems that you will encounter along the way.

3. Future-Oriented: Once a person enters in a line of business, you must

understand that you are in a non-stop contract as an entrepreneur. It may

take several years to build up a business to a reasonable standard. The goal

for most successful business people is to build a secure job and stable

income for themselves based on their own abilities.

4. Profit-Oriented: When you enter into the world of business, obviously, you

are looking for income because you know that this will be your family’s

bread and butter. Therefore, you must see to it that the business can

generate income. Another plan of action is to expand your own business

through the use of your generated income.

5. Goal-Oriented: An entrepreneur is forward looking. You have an advanced

preparation for your business. You set a long-term goal for the activities

that are needed, an extensive preparation for the production process and

procedures that you need to go through to acquire human and non-human

resources. Everything in your business will have to be set clearly, organized,

and planned depending on the goal you want to achieve.

6. Persistence: Differences in opinion and judgment. Your opponent can be a

part of the rejection on what you intend to do for your endeavor. As an

entrepreneur, you must be firm, strong-willed, and follow your own belief.

7. Copes with Failure: Learn from your mistakes. As an entrepreneur, you

must learn how to deal with the frustrations and failures and turn these into

productive learning experiences.

2

8. Responsive or open to Criticisms: You must be concerned to know how

well you are doing and keep track of your performance. You must obtain

useful feedback and advice from others.

9. Take the Initiative: A successful entrepreneur takes the initiative. You

must put yourself in a position where you are responsible for the failure or

success of your business.

10. Willing to Listen: Take time to listen to the advice, suggestions, and

recommendations of fellow entrepreneurs. It will help your business grow.

11. Set your Own Standards: This involves developing and using logical, step-

by-step plans to reach the goals; or by offering evaluation alternatives,

monitoring progress, and switching to successful strategies. To be a

successful entrepreneur you must take into consideration that sales and

production depend on your own standards.

12. Copes with Uncertainty: Pursue your vision to be a successful

entrepreneur. You should know how to handle unusual events that may

happen in the business which include problems in managing the workers,

problems on the delivery of goods and services, and the problems on demand

and production. You must be patient in dealing with these uncertainties.

13. Committed: You should know that in your business, personal needs,

attachment to your friends, families and relatives are set aside. You must

separate the money for your business from the amount that you need to

spend for your personal obligations to suit your lifestyle.

14. Builds on Strengths: Successful business people based their work on

strengths. Use your manual skills, knowledge in creating products or

services, knowledge in trade and industry, and ability to make and use of a

wide network of contacts to build your business.

15. Reliable and has Integrity: An entrepreneur, you must build a good

reputation, possess the courage to do the right thing, to do what you say, to

walk your talk, to be loyal, and to be fair in dealing with the subordinates

and customers.

16. Risk-Taker: Risks sometimes cannot be anticipated. When misfortunes

happen, consider these as challenges, work them out and set good

alternatives. Risks may result to loss of your business or even bankruptcy.

3

WHAT TO PROCESS:

ACTIVITY 1: ALIGNING ONE’S PECS

DIRECTIONS: Choose from the list below the characteristics and traits that

best describe your own personal entrepreneurial characteristics. Find ways

on how to align them according to the personal entrepreneurial

characteristics of an entrepreneur which were discussed earlier. Write your

answers in the activity sheet provided.

Example: My PECs

Try to design a concept map that indicates your traits,

characteristics and skills that you need to possess in order to

become a successful entrepreneur.

My PECs

Simple Definition

Things to do to align with the

PECs of a successful

entrepreneur

1. Creative

2. Organized

3. Competent

4. Observant

Creative Resourceful Persistent Organized Independent

Confident Risk taker Observant Competent Trustworthy

Optimistic Passionate Flexible Sensitive Committed

Dynamic Efficient Hardworking Decision-maker Reliable

Knowledgeable Persevering Decisive Strong–minded Courteous

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Activity 2. My PECs that need further improvement

Directions: At the center of the street are arrows where positive and negative

characteristics and traits are written. Pick the positive PECs that you

are already strong at, and write them down on the blank arrows on

the left side. PECs written on the arrows at the right side are the

negative characteristics that must be improved.

WHAT TO REFLECT ON AND UNDERSTAND

Strengthening your Identified PECs

Guides on how to strengthen your own PECs:

1. React positively to criticisms and be open to feedbacks.

2. Always demonstrate a positive attitude to achieve a desired goal.

3. Always project a strong and well-balanced behavior.

4. Always exercise the assertive style in your work environment.

5. Avoid being too passive and being too aggressive.

6. Consider negative comments as challenges in improving your business.

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7. Prioritize your business goals rather than personal goals in order to become a

successful entrepreneur.

8. Acquire specific skills for creating and maintaining a conducive work

environment.

9. Be responsible for everything you do in your business.

10. Always observe entrepreneurial ethics in putting up a business.

ACTIVITY 1: MY TECHNIQUES TO STRENGTHEN MY PECS

DIRECTIONS: From the given chart below, write at least six techniques on how you

will strengthen your own PECs. Write the PECs which you feel that you

still need to strengthen.

Example: Self Confidence

6

WHAT TO TRANSFER

PREPARATION OF AN ACTION PLAN

CULMINATING ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS: Examine yourself once again. Make a short list of PECs that you

need to strengthen. From this activity, prepare an action plan that requires further

development. You may choose to follow the suggested format below. You may

improve or change it as long as it suits your own plan of action.

SAMPLE ACTION PLAN

Specific Purpose Statement: Developing self-confidence in plumbing

business.

(Or any business related to Civil Technology)

Focus

Area

Current

Situation

Goal

Measures

of

Success

Actions

Require

d

Time

Frame

Reward

/

Recogni

tion

My PECs

-I need

to develop

my

undefined

characteri

s-tics

necessary

for my

business.

such as:

Furniture

and Sash

factory.

-To

exercise

my own

PECs

during

selling

and

producing

products/

services

-To

become

proficient

in my

chosen

skill.

-Achieve

100%

completio

n of

developme

nt of my

own PECs

through

selling

and

productio

n of

products,

proper

manner

when

dealing

with

people.

-Selling

finished

products

derived

from

culminati

ng

activities

in any of

chosen

career.

-

Particip

ate

in skills

competiti

on

sponsore

d by

NGO,

and GO

-During

culminati

ng

activities

-After

learning

the

principles,

theories,

processes

and of any

chosen

career.

-Earns

expected

income

-

Outstand

ing

performa

nce in

selling

and

promotin

g

products

and

services.

7

POST ASSESSMENT

AMATCHING TYPE

DIRECTIONS: Column A lists the characteristics of a successful entrepreneur.

Draw a line from the items in Column A that connects the correct

definition of terms listed in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. Hardworking

2. Self-confident

3. Profit-oriented

4. Goal-oriented

5. Persistent

6. Responsive or open

to criticisms

7. Willing to listen

8. Committed

9. Reliable and has

integrity

10. Risk-taker

a. Ability to set realistic targets.

b. Interest in money generation.

c. To succeed, one must believe in one’s self.

d. Working diligently and industriously.

e. Being able to listen to the advice of others.

f. Obtaining useful feedback and advice from

others.

g. Being patient and strives to achieve the

goal.

h. Ability to take measured or calculated

risks.

i. Being honest, fair and trustworthy.

j. A major priority in the entrepreneur’s life.

k. Set aside things for others

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

DIRECTIONS: Read and study the situation that describes entrepreneurial

characteristics. Then answer each question by writing the letter of

your choice in your assignment notebook or in the provided

answer sheet.

Mr. Antonio Cinco opens up his own furniture and sash factory

business. He knows that his personal entrepreneurial characteristics are

insufficient to ensure a successful operation of the business that he has in

mind. Your answers to the questions below will help in developing his PECs.

1. What PECs must he possess if there are customers who complain about the

quality of his product?

A. Hardworking C. Trustworthy

B. Patience D. Versatile

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2. Which of the following is NOT considered as a characteristic of an entrepreneur?

A. Copes with failure C. Opportunity seeker

B. Dependent D. Persistent

3. If he wants to ensure a profitable business, what characteristic will he

maintain?

A. Commitment C. Goal oriented

B. Futuristic D. Opportunity seeker

4. Mr. Cinco follows the advice of a friend to be flexible especially if he intends to

open a furniture and sash factory business. What PECs has been demonstrated by

Mr. Cinco?

A. Open to feedback C. Reliable

B. Persistent D. Self-confidence

5. He tells his best friend that he has strong will and does not give up to find a

solution to a business problem. What PEC has been demonstrated by Mr. Cinco?

A. Hard work C. Risk taking

B. Persistence D. Self-confidence

ENVIRONMENT & MARKET

WHAT TO KNOW

NEEDS AND WANTS OF PEOPLE

Everyone has his or her own needs and wants. However, people have

different concepts of needs and wants. Needs in business are important things

needed by an entrepreneur as an enterprising member of a community.

These include:

1. Basic commodities for consumption,

2. Clothing and other personal belongings,

3. Shelter, sanitation and health, and

4. Education and relaxation.

Basic needs are essential to every individual so one may be able to live with

dignity and pride in the community. Focusing on these needs can obviously help

generate business ideas.

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Wants are desires, luxury and extravagance that signify wealth and an

expensive way of living. Wants or desires are considered over and above the basic

necessities of life. Some examples are fashion accessories: designer shoes and

clothes; travelling around the world; eating in an exclusive restaurant; watching

movies, concerts, plays; having luxurious cars; wearing expensive jewelry and

perfume, living in impressive homes, and others.

Needs and wants of people are the basic indicators of the kind of business

that you may engage into because it can serve as the measure of your success.

Some other good points that you might consider in business undertakings are the

kind of people, their needs, wants, lifestyle, culture and tradition, and social

orientation.

GENERATING IDEAS FOR BUSINESS

Here are some ways by which you may generate possible ideas for business.

1. Examine the existing goods and services.

Are you satisfied with the product? What do other people, who use the

product say about it? How can it be improved? There are many ways of improving

a product from the way it is made to the way it is packed and sold. You can also

improve the materials used in crafting the product. In addition, you can introduce

new ways of using the product, making it more useful and adaptable to the

customers’ many needs. When you are improving the product or enhancing it, you

are doing an innovation. You can also do an invention by introducing an entirely

new product to replace the old one. Business ideas may also be generated by

examining goods and services sold outside the community. Very often, these

products are sold in forms that can still be enhanced or improved.

2. Examine the present and future needs.

Look and listen to what the customers, institution, and communities are

missing in terms of goods and services. Sometimes, however, these needs are

already obvious and felt at the moment. Other needs are not that obvious because

they can only be felt in the future, in the event of certain developments in the

community. For example, a town will have its electrification facility in the next six

months. Only by that time will the entrepreneur could think of electrically-powered

or generated business such as photocopier, computer service, digital printing.

3. Examine how the needs are being satisfied.

Needs for the products and services are referred to as market demand. To

satisfy these needs is to supply the products and services that meet the demands of

the market. The term market refers to whoever will use or buy the products or

service, and these may be people or institutions such as other businesses,

establishments, organizations, or government agencies. There is a very good

business opportunity when there is absolutely no supply to a pressing market

demand. Businesses or industries in the locality also have needs for goods and

10

services. Their needs for raw materials, maintenance, and other services such as

selling and distribution are good sources of ideas for business.

4. Examine the available resources around you.

Observe what materials or skills are available in abundance in your area. A

business can be started out of available raw materials by selling them in raw forms

and by processing and manufacturing them into finished products. For example,

in a copra-producing town, there are many coconut husks and shells available as

“waste” products. These can be collected and made into coco rags/doormat and

charcoal bricks and sold profitably outside the community. A group of people in

your neighborhood may have some special skills that can be harnessed for

business. For example, women in the Mountain Province possess loom weaving

skills that have been passed on from one generation to the next generation. Some

communities set up weaving businesses to produce blankets, as well as decorative

items and various souvenir items for sale to tourists and lowland communities.

Business ideas can come from your own skills. The work and experience you

may have in agricultural arts, industrial arts, home economics, and ICT classes will

provide you with business opportunities to acquire the needed skills which will

provide you with extra income, should you decide to engage in income-generating

activities. With your skills, you may also tinker around with various things during

your spare time. Many products were invented this way.

5. Read magazines, news articles, and other publications on new

products and techniques or advances in technology.

You can pick up new business ideas from Newsweek, Reader’s Digest,

Business Magazines, Go Negosyo, KAB materials, Small- industry Journal. The

Internet serves as a library where you may browse and surf on possible businesses.

It will also guide you how to put the right product in the right place, at the right

price and at the right time. A listing of possible businesses to set up in an area may

also be available from banks or local non-government organizations.

SELECTING THE RIGHT IDEA

Once you have embarked on identifying the business opportunities, you will

eventually see that there are many possibilities that are available for you. It is very

unlikely that you will have enough resources to pursue all of them at once. Which

one will you choose?

You have to select the most promising one from among hundred and one

ideas. It will be good to do these in stages. In the first stage, you screen your ideas

to narrow them down to about five choices. In the next stage, trim down the five

choices to two options. In the final stage, choose between the two and decide

which business idea is worth pursuing.

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In screening your ideas, examine each one in terms of the following

factors:

1. How much capital is needed to put up the business?

2. How big is the demand for the product? How many people need this

product and will continue to need it for a long time?

3. How is the demand being met? Who are producing the products to meet

the need? How much of the need is now being met (current level of

supply)?

4. Do you have the background and experience needed to run this

particular business?

5. Will this business be legal, not going against any existing or foreseeable

government regulations?

6. Is this business in line with your interest and expertise?

7. Your answers to these questions will be helpful in screening which ones

from among your many ideas are worth examining further and worth

pursuing.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING

There is a need to conduct environmental scanning to identify the needs of

the people, to niche for your business mission, and to give attention to trends and

issues. This may also serve as an evaluation of the type of the entrepreneurial

activity which is appropriate in the community.

Environmental scanning is defined as a process of gathering, analyzing, and

dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental

scanning process entails obtaining both factual and subjective information on the

business environments in where a company is operating.

Environment in the community can be viewed according to its technological,

political, economic, and social aspects. Some people in a community do not use

computers but with the transmission of development in terms of technology they

look forward for changes to satisfy their needs and wants.

As a future entrepreneur, you must be well-versed in this kind of

advancement and progression of your environment particularly in technology so as

to secure the success of your future business. Always think of something new,

something novel, an authentic; reinvent the existing ones; and create your new

version of goods/products, and services. For instance, your own hair straightening

is herbal, while in the other salons it is made of synthetic chemicals. These kind of

changes being made will affect the existing principles in business and industries.

These can be easily adapted to the changes in producing the products/services to

meet the needs and wants of people in the community.

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WHAT TO PROCESS

In generating business ideas, you should first identify what type of business

is suited to your business idea. You should analyze and scan the potential

environment, study the marketing practices and strategies of your competitors,

analyze the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and the Threats in your

environment to ensure that the products/goods and services you are planning to

offer will be patronized within the easy reach by your target markets/consumers.

Bear in mind these simple rules for a successful SWOT analysis

Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of your business when

conducting SWOT analysis.

SWOT analysis should distinguish between where your business is today,

and where it could be in the future.

SWOT should always be specific. Avoid any gray areas.

Always apply SWOT in relation to your competition i.e. better than or worse

than your competition.

Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over analysis

SWOT is subjective

People keep on searching for new things, new trends, and new issues.

For this reason, an entrepreneur must quickly respond.

As generations come and go, other sets of new trends will come or will

happen. In order to adapt to the rapid changes in the business environment, the

existing industries need to improve their products and services. But how can you

generate business ideas with those strong competitors? There are three main sets

of decisions that you need to make - what to produce, how to produce, and how to

share or sell out the product to the market.

13

WHAT TO REFLECT ON AND UNDERSTAND

ACTIVITY 1: MINI SURVEY

Directions: Conduct a mini survey in your immediate community. Gather

pertinent data on the population across age bracket as suggested in the matrix on

page 17. Opposite each age group, indicate their probable needs and wants.

ACTIVITY 2 SCREENING BUSINESS IDEAS

Directions: After filling out the chart below, try to list down all the probable

business opportunities which you may wish to venture in. Remember to consider

the ideas and suggestions discussed in Lesson 3. Use the suggested matrix below

to indicate your choice. Write your answers in your notebook.

Example: Plumbing Service

Age Bracket Population Needs Wants

Example:

5 years old and below

35 Toys, coloring

books, pajama

Wooden toys, glossy

coloring books,

fashionable pajama

6- 10 years old

11-15 years old

16-20 years old

21-25 years old

26-35 years old

35-45 years old

46-55 years old

56-65 years old

66 years old and above

Positive Factors Negative Factors

Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats

14

WHAT TO TRANSFER

Now that, you have all the information, are you ready to test your ability to

generate your own business idea? If your answer is yes, start studying the sample

vicinity map of a community with a population of two thousand people. A new

housing project will be constructed adjacent to Daang Hari St, close to Old Molino

St., its main road. This housing project targets the homeowners who are young

couples with two kids.

In this activity, you need to answer the questions that may lead to the

generation of a probable business. Your answers to these questions will serve as

the bases in formulating your own business ideas.

15

1. Who do you think are your target consumers?

2. Where is the most ideal location to situate your business?

3. Which products or services would appeal to your target

consumers/markets?

4. Can you say that you have seized the most feasible business

opportunity?

POST-ASSESSMENT

ENVIRONMENT AND MARKET

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

DIRECTIONS: Select the letter of the best answer. Write your answers in your

activity notebook.

1. The following are examples of peoples’ basic needs, except:

a. Clothing c. Recreation

b. Food d. Shelter

2. Which of the following should be considered first by a prospective

entrepreneur in choosing the right location for his/her business?

a. Access of the target customers

b. The attractiveness of the shop layout

c. The prevailing prices of goods in the area

d. Types of merchandise

3. Tony plans to put a “digi-print” studio in their locality. Which of the

following will help him determine a successful plan for setting up his

business?

a. Checking for similar business to avoid competition

b. Conduct a SWOT analysis

c. Getting feedback on the quality of service

d. Survey of consumer associations

4. John Paul studies the population in his immediate community. He is doing

this to –

a. determine whom to sell his product or service.

b. identify his would be “suki”.

c. predict his biggest buyer.

d. select his favorite customers.

5. When an entrepreneur improves and alter products to make it more

appealing to target consumers, one is doing an _________ of the product.

a. alteration c. innovation

b. improvisation d. Invention