INDEX OF AUTHORS - Springer Link

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Abbott, C. E., 206, 248, 298 Abbott, R. L., 532 Abdel-Malek, A., 136 Abderhalden, E., 532, 641 Abeloos, M., 21, 125 Abercrombie, W. F., 125, 538 Aboi'm, A. N., 21 Abraham, G. R, 298 Abraham, R, 747 Acqua, C., 532 Adam, A., 747 Adam, L. J., 307 Adams, J. B., 547 Adams, J. R., 210 Adams, P. A., 697, 699 Adams, T. S., 473, 760 Adamson, A. M., 125 v. Adelung, N., 298 Adkisson, P. L., 136, 142, 145 Adiyodi, KG., 760 Adler, S., 532 Adrian, E. D., 206, 248, 402 Aggarwal, S. K, 142, 473, 761 Agosin, M., 652 Agostini, B., 175 AgreII, I., 136, 641, 651, 692 Ahrens, W., 53, 747 Aidley, D. J., 175, 307 Akai, H., 473, 550, 652, 659 Akao, A., 641 Akino, M., 653 Albrecht, F. 0., 136, 652 Albro, H. T., 460 Alexander, N., 136 Alexander, P., 641 Alexander, R S., 460 Alexandrov, W., 642 Alexandrov, W. F., 53 Alexandrowicz, J. S., 460 Ali, M., 692 Allegret, P., 353, 589, 653 Allen, G., 651 Allen, T. H. 642 Alpatov, W. W., 125, 747 Altenberg, E., 248 Alterberg, G., 402 Alverdes, F., 206, 248, 347, 402 Amanieu, M., 469 Amos, W. B., 410

Amouriq, L., 589 An, M., 48 Anders, F., 544 Andersen, K. T., 21, 347, 692 Andersen, S. 0., 56, 58 Anderson, A. D., 469, 590 Anderson, A. L., 298 Anderson, E., 469, 544, 755 Anderson, J. F., 143 Anderson, J. M., 755 Anderson, T. F., 53, 55, 406 Andrewartha, H. G., 135, 136,693 Aneshanley, D. J., 659 Anglas, J., 125,402,460 Ankersmit, G. W., 142 Aoki, K, 697 Aplin, R T., 659, 760 Applebaum, S. W., 544 Arai, Y., 552, 651 Arbuthnot, K. D., 126 Aremowna, H., 585 Armbruster, L., 532 Arnal, A., 303 Arndt, W., 532 Arnhardt, L., 171 Arnold, G., 402, 461 Arnold, J. W., 469 Aronssohn, F., 53 Aruga, H., 652 Arvy, L., 136, 209, 460, 469 Asahina, E., 697, 698, 699 Ascher, K R S., 755 Aschner, M., 532 Ashburner, M., 142 Ashby, D. G., 125 Ashhurst, D. E., 209, 212, 473 van Asperen, K., 469 Astaurov, B. L., 755 Athanasiu, I., 402 Atkins, W. R. G., 537 Atkinson, P. W., 58 Atzler, M., 642 Auber, J., 173, 175 Auber, L., 692 Aubertot, M., 532 Augenfeld, J. M., 653 Auger, D., 298 Autrum, H., 248, 251, 252, 254, 255, 298,

30 3, 653

766 THE PRINCIPLES OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY

Aziz, S. A., 697

Babak, E., 402 Babcock, K. L., 653 Babcock, K. W., 125 Babcock, S. M., 584, 692 Babers, F. H., 402, 461, 642, 692 Baccetti, B., 209, 469, 473, 544, 550, 589,

590 Bachmetjev, P., 692 Backman, E. L., 461 Bacon, J. S. D., 544 Bacot, A. W., 472, 532 Bade, K. L., 56 Baehr, J. C., 212 v. Baehr, W. B., 747 Bagnoli, P., 473 Baier, L. J., 298 Bailey,K.,56 Bailey, L., 408, 543, 544 Bailey, S. W., 56 Bailey, W. J., 307 Baines, S., 544 Bairati, A., 473 Baker, F. C., 125 Baker, G., 56 Baker, Henry, 377 Baker, J. M., 550 Balazuc, J., 136 Balboni, E. R., 176 Baldes, E. J., 462 Baldi, E., 206 Baldus, K., 206, 248 Baldwin, E., 171,642 Baldwin, W. F., 697 Balfour-Brown, F., 21, 532 Balkashina, E. I., 125 Ball, H. J., 254 Ballan-Dufran~ais, 760 Balshin, M., 550 Baltzer, F., 126 Balzam, M., 461, 642 Banks, C. J., 24, 550 Banks, W. M., 544 Baptist, B. A., 532 Barass, R., 697' Barber, H. S., 461,747 Barker, R. J., 252 Barlow, H. B., 252 Barlow, J. S., 469,698 Barlow, W. F., 402 Barnes, T. C., 298 Barratt, J. O. W., 402, 461 Barrett, F. M., 591 Barritt, L. C., 142 Barron, E. S. G., 642 Barrows, W. M., 298, 347 Barsa, M. C., 469, 656 Bartel, A. H., 655

Barth, R. H., 747, 760 Barth, R., 136, 171, 173,755 Barton, D. H. R., 642 Barton-Browne, L., 210, 352, 469 Bassler, V., 303 Bassurmanova, O. K., 212 Bataillon, E., 126, 642 Bates, M., 532 Bateson, W., 102 Batelli, F., 642, 692 Baudisch, K., 24, 550 Baudoin, R., 173,408 Baudrey, N., 212 Bauer, L., 298 Baumann, P., 659 Baumberger, J. P., 126, 532 Baumgartner, H., 248 Baunacke, W., 298 Baus, A., 298 Baust, J. G., 699 Baxter, E. W., 538 Bayer, R., 473 Baylor, E. R., 252, 253 Beadle, G. W., 126, 127, 128 Beadle, L. C., 402, 461, 468, 532, 651 Beadle, S. F., 651 Beall, G., 653 Beament, J. W. L., 21, 24, 53, 56, 59, 408,

747,760 Beams, H. W., 306, 469, 544, 589, 755,

757 Beard, R. L., 402, 468, 653 Beatty, I. M., 59 Beaumont, C., 552 Becht, G., 173, 177 Beck, S. D., 136, 137, 139, 142, 544, 550,

697 Beckel, W. E., 24, 408 Becker, E., 126, 132,642,649 Becker, F., 142 Becker, G., 126, 347, 532 Becker, H. J., 136 Becker, M., 642 Beckwith, T. D., 532 Bedau, K., 248 Beenakkers, A. M. T., 177,550,659 Begg, M., 298 Behn, W., 376 Behrenz, W., 544, 755 Beklemishev, V., 747 Beklemishev, W. N., 755 Belehnidek, J., 532, 693, 697 Beling, I., 347 Bell, R. A., 136 Bell, W. T., 760 Bellucci, R., 642 Benjamin, O. J., 171 Benn, M. H., 659 Bennet-Clark, H. C., 56, 176, 307, 760

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Bennett, L., 176 Bennett, R. B., 661 Bentley, D. R., 213 Bentley, E. W., 298, 347 Benz, G., 303, 760 Beranek, R., 176 Berendes, H. D., 142 Berger, B., 693 Berger, R. S., 760 Bergerard, J., 136, 755 Bergmann, E. D., 659 Bergmann, M., 53 Bergmann, S. J., 177 Bergmann, W., 53, 642 Bergold, G., 402 Berkaloff, A., 589 Berlese, A., 53, 206, 298, 461 , 532, 584 Bern, H. A., 763 Bernard, R., 543 Bernhard, C., 254, 747 Bernhard, C. G., 252 Bernheimer, A. W., 469 Berosa, M., 659 Beroza, M., 655 Berretta, L., 532 Berridge, M. J., 212, 473, 550, 55 1, 552,

0590,592 Berstrom, G., 660 Bertholf, L. M., 248, 532 Bertram, D. S., 544 Bess, H. A., 461 de Besse, N., 212 Bethe, A., 206 Betts, E., 760 van Beusekom, G., 347 Beutler, R., 642, 652 Bewig, F., 544 Bhagvat, K., 53, 171, 532 Bhakthan, N. M. G., 173, 473, 654 Bhatnagar, P., 548, 661 Bheemeswar, B., 653 Bickley, W. E., 206 Biedermann, W., 53, 532, 747 Bienz-Isler, G., 176 Bier, K., 24, 755, 760 Bigliardi, E., 473 Billard, G., 171 Binet, A., 206 Birch, L. C., 693 Birch, M. C., 760 Bird, R. G., 544 Birks, P. R., 138 Birt, L. M., 142, 177,654,660 Birukow, G., 352 Bishai, F. R., 173 Bishop, A., 532 Bishop, G. H., 402, 461, 649 Bisset, G. W., 653 Bisson, E., 467

Bitsch, J., 760 v. Bittner, A., 544 Bjorklund, A., 212 Blackith, R. E., 241 Blaustein, W., 126 Bleich, O. E., 347 Blest, A. D., 303, 352 Blewett, M., 533, 535, 694 Bloch, K, 544, 545 Block, R. J., 546 Blount, B. K, 642 Blum, M. S., 653, 656 Blunck, H., 21, 53, 126,402,533,584,693,

747 Boch, R., 653, 661 Boche, R. D., 461 Bock, E., 21,24 Boctor, r. Z., 761 Bode, C., 143 Bode, H., 533 Bodenheimer, F. S., 126, 206, 584,693 Bodenstein, D., 126, 135, 136, 210, 353,

757 Bodine, J. H., 21, 23, 126,461,533,642,

693 Bodnarcyk, R. P., 59,473 Boeckh, J., 303, 306, 308, 760 Boehm, B., 469 Boell, E. J., 643 Boese, G., 461 Boettiger, E. G., 173 Bogiawlensky, K, 533 Bogojawlensky, K S., 461, 643 Bohm, L. K, 298 de Boissezon, P., 533, 584 Boldyrev, B., 747 Bolwig, N., 248, 298 Bone, G., 53, 461 , 533, 584 Bongardt, J., 402 Bonhag, P. F., 755 Bonnemaison, L., 126, 135, 533, 747 Bonneville, P., 749 Booth, C. 0., 252, 305, 354, 754 Borchardt, E., 126 Borchert, A., 126 Bordage, E., 126 Bordas, L., 533, 584 Borri, C., 533 v. Borstel, R. C., 24, 755 Bosman, T., 475 Both, M. P., 402 Botjes, J. 0., 402 Boughton, D. C., 747 Boulton, P. S., 212 Bouillon, A., 137 Bounhiol, J. J., 126, 136, 137,747 Bounoure, L., 533 Bourdon, J., 126 Bowen, I. D., 550


Bowers, B., 210, 473 Bowers, W. S., 59, 142, 210 Bozler, E., 248, 347 Bracken, G. K., 659 Bradfield, J. R. G., 590, 652 Bra&y, W. G., 126 Brady, J., 355, 473 Braemer, H., 137 Bragdon, J. C., 544 Brammer, J. D., 550

Bramstedt, F., 533 Brandt, H., 347, 693, 747 Brass, P., 171, 584 Brattenburg, V., 254 Brauer, A., 21 Braun, M., 53 Braun, W., 126 Brauns, A., 298, 347 Brecher, G., 126,248,298, 347, 533,747 Brecher, L., 127, 132,400,643 Breitsprecher, E., 533, 747 Brenner, H., 172 Bresslau, E., 747 Brett, w. J., 352

Brian, M. V., 137 Bricteux-Gregoire, S., 653 Bridges, C. B., 127, 131 Bridges, R. G., 654, 659 Briggs, J. D., 469 Briggs, M. H., 252, 590 Brinkman, R, 402 Broadbent, L., 544 Brocher, F., 53, 402, 461 Brockway, A. P., 410 Bronskill, J. F., 469, 544 Brookes, V. J., 544, 760 Brooks, M. A., 173, 544, 550, 653 Broughton, W. B., 307 Brousse-Gaury, P., 137 Brower, L. P., 659 Brower, J. V. Z., 659 Brown, A. W. A., 549, 584, 585 Brown, B. E., 176, 212 Brown, C. R, 347 Brown, F. A., 206, 252 Brown, J. M., 402, 461 Brown, R H., 176, 207 Browne, L. B., 353 Browning, T. 0., 24, 25, 697 Bruce, V. G., 352, 354 Bruckmoser, P., 254 Brues, C. T., 533, 693 Brugnatelli, 505 Brumpt, E., 53 BrUn, R., 347 Brunelli, M., 473 Brunet, P. C. J., 56, 58, 60, 755 Brunson, M. H., 747 Bruntz, L., 402, 461, 585

Brust, M., 544 Bruyant, G., 171 de Bruyne, C., 461 Buchli, H., 121 Buchmann, W. W., 533 Buchner, P., 24, 461, 533, 544,747,755 Buchthal, F., 173 Buck, J. B., 248, 347,408,461,469, 699 Bucklin, D. H., 137 BUckmann, D., 137, 303,653,656,659 v. Buddenbrock, W., 53, 127, 171, 206,

248,298,347,352,402,693 Bugajew, 1., 585 Bugnion, E., 248, 298, 533 BUhler, R, 760 Buisson, M. du, 402 Bull, L., 171 Bullade, D., 550 Bullock, M. W., 137 Bult, T., 402 Buitmann, H., 142 BUnning, E., 142, 347,697 Burdette, W. C., 137 Burkhardt, D., 252, 303 Burkholder, J. R, 21, 643 Burmeister, C. H. C., 317 Burnet, B., 544 Bursell, E., 59, 303, 352,408,592,653,697 Burton, A. J., 176 Burtt, E. T., 127,252,254,403,652 BUsgen, M., 533 Bushnell, R J., 127, 533,747 Busnel, M. C., 303, 306, 755 Busnel, R. G., 302, 303, 533, 539, 589,643,

653, 755 Busvine, J. R, 643, 747 Butenandt, A., 127, 137,353,643,653,655,

755, 760 Butler, C. G., 134,298,347,352,355,533,

643,653,659,755,756 Butz, A., 475 Buxton, P. A., 21, 53, 127, 461 , 533, 643,

693, 747, 754 Bytinski-Salz, H., 127

Cable, R M., 695 Caesar, R, 173 Calam, D. H., 659 Callahan, P. S., 756 Callow, R K., 653 Camenzind, R, 756, 760 Camerano, G., 171 Cameron, A. E., 127,298, 533,747 Cameron, J. W. MacB., 248 Cameron, M. L., 210,469,590 Camhi, J. M., 176,355 Campbell, F. L., 53, 128 Campbell, R. E., 693 Campbell, W. G., 533

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Candy, D. ]., 56, 213, 469, 661 Cantacuzene, A. M., 760 Capenos, J., 254 Cappe de Baillon, Po, 21, 22, 299, 747 Capsnati, Go, 659 Carayon, Jo, 747, 756 Carey, F. Go, 57 Carlisle, Do Bo, 137,760 Carlsen, Ho, 657 Carlson, Ao Do, 473 Carlson, So Do, 254 Carpenter, Go Do Ho, 461 Carrington, Co Bo, 469 Carter, Wo, 533 Carthy, J ° Do, 352 Cartwright, Ko Sto Go, 533 Cascio, To, 756 Case, Jo Fo, 409, 469 Cashman, Eo Fo, 545 Casida, JoE., 592 Caspari, Eo, 127,469,643 Cassier, Po, 142 Castelnuovo, Go, 533 Castle, Eo So, 53 Catala, R, 127 Catton, W. To, 252 Caudle, Ho B., 351 Causard, Mo, 53 Caveney, So, 59, 142, 176 Cazal, Po, 127,206, 212 Cerf, J. Ao, 173 Cerny, Mo, 693 Chadwick, L. Eo, 171, 172, 173,210,299,

643 Chajkinowna, So, 589 Chang, K. Po, 550 Chanusset, B., 176 Chapman, K. Mo, 212, 308 Chapman, Jo R., 653 Chapman, R No, 127,693 Chauvin, R, 137, 347,352,403,643 Chavasse, Po, 302 Chefurka, W., 57, 656, 659 Cheldelin, Vo Ho, 655, 656 Chen, Ho To, 461 Chen, P. So, 212, 469, 473, 543, 654, 660,

760 Chen, So Ho, 248, 299, 347,403,748 Chenikaeva, Eo Jo, 404 Cherry, Lo Mo, 654 Chevais, So, 127, 128 Chevalier, R L., 308 Chewyreuv, I., 127,748 Chiarodo, Ao J:, 213 Chibnall, Ao Co, 643 Child, Co Mo, 127 Child, Go, 127 Child, Go Po, 127 Childress, C. Co, 550, 659

Chinnery, Jo Ao Bo, 550 Chino, Ho, 469, 474, 654 Chippendale, Go Mo, 474, 550 Cholodkowsky, No, 403, 585 Chopard, Lo, 748 Chorine, Vo, 461 Christensen, Po Jo Ho, 22, 403, 756 Christophers, So Ro, 22, 127 Chun, Co, 534 Church, No So, 137,697 Clancy, Co Wo, 127 Clare, So, 461, 467 Claret, Jo, 142 Clark, Jo Ro, 461 Clark, L. Bo, 347 Clark, No, 22 Clarke, Ko Do, 137,213,409,760 Claridge, Mo Fo, 308 Claus, Ao, 461 Clausen, Co Po, 748 Clayton, R Bo, 545, 550 Clegg, Jo So, 654 Clements, A. No, 59, 470, 654, 756 Cleveland, L. Ro, 534 Clever, Do, 137, 142 Cloutier, Eo Jo, 137 Cobben, RHo, 25 Cochrane, Do Go, 176 Cockayne, Eo Ao, 127, 643, 748 Cockbain, Ao Jo, 654, 697 Cockeram, Ho So, 660 Cohen, Co Fo, 252 Cohen, Mo Jo, 213 Colas-Belcour, Jo, 119 Cole, Wo Ho, 350 Coleman, Do, 643 Coles, Go Co, 474, 756, 760 Colhoun, Eo Ho, 210,470,697 Collett, T. So, 303 Collin, Go, 643 Collins, Do L., 248 Collins, J ° Vo, 474 Collins, Mo So, 59 Colombo, Go, 756 Comeau, Ao, 762 Conet, A., 585 Contejean, Co, 403 Cook, B. Jo, 176 Cook, Eo Fo, 471 Cook, So Fo, 534, 643, 693 Cooke, Jo, 550 Cooper, K. Wo, 756 Copeland, Eo, 545, 552 Corbet, Po So, 137, 142 Cordebard, Ho, 586 Cordier, R, 643 Cornwall, J ° Wo, 534 Cornwell, Po Bo, 252 Corteggiani, Eo, 206


Corvine, J. M., 659 Cosens, D., 254 Cotton, R T., 403 Cottrell, C. B., 57 Couch, E. F., 550 Counce, S. J., 24, 756 Courtois, A., 585, 643 Cousin, G., 127, 534, 643, 693 Couteaux, R.., 173 Cox, M. E., 57 Cragg, F. W., 127, 534, 747 Craig, R., 130,401,465,539,586,590,651,

655 Crampton, H. E., 127 Crane, J., 252 Creighton, W. S., 462 Cremer, E., 171 Crescitelli, F., 248, 462, 643, 650, 693 Crisp, D. J., 302, 351,406,408 Croghan, P. C., 471 Cromartie, R. I. T., 654 Crombie, A. C., 299, 348 Crompton, M., 660 Crone, H. D., 654 Crossley, A. C. S., 142, 176, 474 Crow, S., 299 Crowell, H. H., 534 Crozier, W. J., 248, 462, 534, 585, 693 Cruickshank, W. J., 760 Csik, L., 643 Cuenot, L., 403, 462, 470, 534, 585 Cullen, W. P., 471 Curtis, T. J., 756 Cushing, J. E., 348 Cutkomp, L. K., 208 Cuvier, G., 504 Cymborowski, B., 355

Dadd, R. H., 144,545, 550,654 Dagan, D., 213, 214 Dahl, F., 171 Dahlgren, U., 461, 462 Dahm, K. H., 144, 355 Dakhnoff, A., 462 van Dam, L., 403 Damant, G. C. C., 403 Daniel, L. J., 658 Daniel, R S., 550 Danilyevsky, A. S. (= Danilevskii), 135,

137, 142, 756 Danneel, R., 252, 643, 654, 658 Danzer, A., 173, 352 Darmon, S. E., 57 Darrah, J. H., 299 Dateo, G. P., 762 Dauberschmidt, K., 534 Daumer, K., 252, 253 Davenport, R, 763 Davey, K. G., 210, 470,545,756,761,762

Davidson, J., 127, 534, 693 Davies, D. M., 552, 756 Davies, L., 22, 24 Davies, N. T., 756 Davies, W. M., 403 Davis, A. C., 534, 585 Davis, C., 403 Davis, C. C., 470 Davis, J. G., 643 Davis, N. T., 761 Davis, R. A., 643 Dawson, R. W., 1I8 Day, M. F., 118, 206, 210, 248, 403, 543,

547,590,652,655,748 Daykin, P. N., 355 D'Costa, M. A., 660 Deal, J., 693 Debaisieux, P., 249, 299, 462 Debauche, H., 299 Deegener, P., 403, 534, 585, 748 v. Dehn, M., 137, 534, 545 Dehnel, P. A., 697 Deiana, G., 463 Deibel, J., 403 Delachambre, J., 59 Delage, J., 643 Delaunay, H., 585 Delcomyn, F., 176 Deleurance, E. P., 137, 748, 754 Dell, J. A., 403 Delong, D. M., 545 Demerec, M., 750 De Mets, R., 545 Demhamowski, S., 462 Demoll, R., 171, 249, 299, 403 Denham, C. S., 643 Dennell, R., 462, 534, 652 Deonier, C. C., 299 Depdolla, P., 748 Derevici, M., 648 Desai, R. M., 654 Deschamps, P., 534, 545 Descy, A., 748 Deseo, K. V., 761 Dethier, V. G., 210, 249, 299, 304, 307,

308, 352, 353, 355 Detinova, T. S., 748, 755 Devi,A.,57 Devine, R. L., 589 De Vries, H., 252 Dewandre, A., 653 Dewitz, H., 171 Dewitz, J., 128,643,748 Dbere, C., 644 Diakonoff, A., 299, 348 Diamond, J. M., 550 Dias, E., 534 Dick, J., 748 Dickins, G. R, 748

INDEX OF AUTHORS 771

Dickinson, B., 544 Dickman, A., 534 Dickson, R C., 128, 135 Dimmond, J, B., 545 Dinulescu, G., 462,534, 644 Dirks, E., 534 Ditman, L. P., 128, 644, 693 Dixon, S. E., 137 Dixon, M., 644 Dobzhansky, T., 127, 128, 137, 644, 693 Dodds, G. S., 403 Dodds, S. E., 697 Dodson, L. F., 210, 469 Dodt, E., 254 Doflein, H., 304 Dogra, G. S., 213 Dolley, W. L., 249, 348, 352, 403, 697 Dolmatova, A. V., 534 Domroese, K A., 474, 660 Doncaster, L., 748 Doody, T. C., 539 Darfel, H., 654 Dorsett, D. A., 173 Dotterweich, H., 171, 693 Downes, J. A., 756 Doyle, D., 550 Dragoiu, I., 402 Dreher, K, 403, 534 Drescher, W., 210 Dreyer, W. A., 644 Dreyling, L., 644 Drilhon, A., 462, 534, 589, 643, 644, 653 Drochmans, P., 211

Drummond, F. H., 697 Du Bois, A. M., 22, 126 Dubois, R, 462, 748 Dubosq, 0., 586 Dubuisson, M., 462 Ducet, G., 644 Duchateau, G. (= Duchateau-Bosson),

470

Duc1aux, E., 22 Duewell, H., 644 Dufour, L., 547 Dugard, J, J" 176 Dujardin, F., 403 Duke, E. J., 470 Dumortier, B., 303, 755 Duncan, F. N., 128 Duncan, J. T., 534 Dunham, J., 304 Dupont-Raabe, M. (see Raabe) Du Porte, E. M., 534 Durant, M., 759 Diirken, B., 644 Dusham, E. H., 644 Duspiva, F., 534, 537, 654, 693, 695 Dustmann, J. H., 653, 660 Dukowski, A., 335

Dutkey, R C., 655 Dutrochet, R J. H., 338 Duval, M., 462, 466 Duve, H., 214 Duwez, Y., 462 Dyar, H. G., 54

Eapen, J" 470 Eastham, L. E. S., 22, 299, 585, 748 Eaton, C. B., 534 Ebeling, W., 57 Edney, E. B., 130, 693, 697 Edwards, A. M., 545 Edwards, F. J., 761 Edwards, G. A., 173, 409, 644, 697 Edwards, J. S., 57, 142, 145, 174,213,214,

474, 545, 660 Edwards, L. T., 410 Ege, R, 403 Egelhaaf, A., 590 Eger, H., 299 Eggers, F., 249, 299, 300, 349 Egle, K., 540 Eguchi, E., 252, 253 Ehnbom, K., 206, 299 Ehrenberg, R, 585 Ehrhardt, P., 470, 545, 550, 592 Eichelberg, D., 592 Eidmann, H., 128, 353, 534, 748 Eisner, T., 545, 654, 657, 660, 762 Ekblom, T., 534 Elder, H. Y., 176 Eleiscu, G., 128 El-Ibrashy, M. T., 761 Ellenby, C., 644 Ellis, P. E., 137, 143, 353, 760 Eltringham, H., 249, 299, 461, 748 v. Emden, F., 22, 128,748 Emerson, A. E., 128 Emerson, G. A., 462 Emerson, M. J., 462 Engel, E. 0., 535 Engels, W., 660 Engelhardt, M., 130 Engelmann, F., 550, 551, 756, 761 Engelmann, T. W., 403 English, D. S., 410 Ephrussi, B., 128, 644 Epp, 0.,410 Epure, E., 470 Ergene, S., 355, 654 Erkkila, H., 698 Ermin, R., 462 Ernst, K E., 308 Esch, H., 308, 353, 699 v. Esch, I., 469 Escherich-Zimmermann, B., 654 Estes, Z. E., 660 v. Euw, J., 660


Evans, A. C., 22, 53, 128, 130, 403, 462, 535, 644, 694, 748

Evans, D. G., 698 Evans, D. R., 304, 353, 654 Evans, E. J., 304 Evans, J. J. T., 59, 474 Evans, T. C., 693 Evans, W. A. L., 545 Evenius, C., 535 Evenius, J., 535 Ewart, W. H., 545 Ewen, A. B., 761 Ewer, D. W., 174,697,748 Ewer, R. F., 403, 748 Ewest, A., 22 Ewing, A. W., 760 Exner, S., 249

Faasch, W. J., 535, 585 Faber, A., 304 Fabre, J. H., 585 Fairey, E. M., 756 Faivre, E., 207 Falck, R., 535 Falconer, D. S., 249 Falk, H., 175 Fannhauser, G., 207 Farber, L., 585 Farkas, K., 585, 644 Farley, R. D., 410 Farris, E. J., 403 Fast, P. G., 660 Faulkner, P., 470 Faure, J. C., 137, 644 Faure-Fremiet, E., 403, 535 Faussek, V., 535, 585 Faust, R., 174, 659 Favrelle, M., 128 Federighi, H., 4()2 Feir, D., 304 Feldberg, W., 644 Feldotto, W., 128, 130 Ferket, P., 763 Fernandez, H. R., 255 Fernandes-Moran, H., 252 Feron, M., 756 Ferretti, C. T., 356 Fessard, A., 298 Feuerborn, H. J., 304 Feustel, H., 590 Fielden, A., 210 Filshie, B. K., 59 Finch, L. R., 654 Fingerman, M., 252 Fink, D. E., 535, 644 Fink, R., 545 Finlayson, L. H., 57, 143, 213, 304, 305,

306, 410, 468 Fiore, C. 474

Fischer, C. K., 750 Fischer, F. G., 654 Fischer, H., 535 Fischer, I., 748 Fischer, W., 304 Fisher, F. M., 143 Fisher, R. C., 409, 470 Fisk, F. W., 543, 545, 548 Fitzgerald, L. R., 642 Flack, B., 212 Flanders, S. E., 22, 128, 644, 748, 754 Fleischmann, W., 644 Fletcher, B. S., 213 Flint, R. A., 471 Florence, G., 462 Florence, L., 748 Florey, E., 207 Florkin, M., 403, 462, 468, 470, 543, 585,

652,654,660 Fliigge, C., 299, 348 Flurry, F., 644 Foeckler, F., 545 Fogal, W., 59 Folger, H. T., 348 Folsom, J. W., 585 Ford, B., 759 Ford, E. B., 128, 137,644 Ford, J. B., 546 Forel, A., 249, 299, 348 Forgash, A. J., 590 Formanek, H., 410 Formigoni, A., 210 Forrest, J. M. S., 143 Forrest, H. S., 660 Forss, D. A., 658 Foustka, M., 654 Foustka, 0., 402 Fowler, K. S., 174 Fox H. M., 403, 409, 462, 644 Fraenkel, G., 53,57,59,128,171,299,304,

305,307,348,403,532,535,543,544, 545,546,547,548,643,644,694

Fraisse, R., 363, 653 Francke-Grosmann, H., 535,748 Frank, A., 348 Frank, W., 54S v. Frankenberg, G., 403 Franz, V., 348 Fraser, A., 137, S4S Frazer, J. F. D., 6S3 Frederici, E., S3S Fredericq, H., 171 Fredericq, L., 645 Free, J. B., 355, 54S Freiling, H. H., 299, 749 French, R. A., 547,698 Frenzel, J., 535, 58S Freudenstein, H., 470 Freudenstein, K., 404, 462

INDEX OF AUTHORS 773 Frew, J. G. H., 128, 645 Frey, W., 53 Fricklinger, H. W., 299 Friederichs, H. F., 249 Friedlaender, M., 249 Friedman, S., 210 Friedrich, H., 128, 171,207 Friend, W. G., 544, 545, 552, 591 Fries, E. F. B., 462 Frings, H., 171, 299, 304, 348, 352 Frings, M., 304 v. Frisch, K., 171,249,251,253,299,348,

353 Friza, F., 128, 249, 645 Frizel, D. E., 353 Frizzi, G., 209, 655 Frobrich, G., 535 Frontali,213 'Fukuda, S., 22, 24, 25, 128,749 Fukuda, T., 470, 654, 658 FUller, H. B., 210 Fulton, B. B., 642 Funikawa, H., 131 Funikawa, H., 118, 128 Furshpan, E., 173 Fuzeau-Braesch, S., 137, 654, 660 Fyg, W., 137,253, 545

Gaarder, T., 645 Gabe, M., 136, 137,209,210,213 Gabritschevsky, E., 749 Gaffron, M., 249, 299, 348 Gagnepain, J., 590 Gaines, J. C., 128 Galambos, R., 173 Galbraith, M. N., 143 Gallowitz, U., 25 I Galliard, H., 694, 749 Galun, R., 546 Gamboro, P., 137 Gander, R., 241 Garb, G., 645 Garbarskaja, M., 585 Garcia-Bellido, A., 143, 761 Gardiner, B. O. C., 592 Gardner, J., 590 Garrey, W. E., 348 Gary, N. E., 654, 758 Gatehouse, A. G., 355 Gatenby, J. B., 470 Gates, M., 645 v. Gaudecker, B., 470 Gauhe, A., 535 v. Gavel, L., 249 Gay, F. J., 535 Gebhardt, H., 269 Gee, W. P., 462 Geer, B. W., 551 Gehring, W., 143

van Gehuchten, A., 535 Geigy, R., 22, 126, 128,748 Geipel, E., 404 Geisler, M., 143 Geist, R. M., 299 Geider, L., 128 Geldiay, S., 210, 761 Gelperin, A., 355, 762 Gemme, G., 254 Gentil, K, 53, 57 Geoghegan, T., 59 George, J. C., 174,470,654 Gerbig, F., 404 Gerhardt, H., 304 Gerhardt, U., 749 Germer, F., 535 Gerould, J. H., 404, 462, 645 Gerretsen, F. C., 463 Gersch, M., 210, 546, 585, 590, 654 Gerstaecker, R., 585 Gettrup, E., 174, 176, 304 Gewecke, M., 176 Geyer, K, 463 Geyer-Duszynska, 1.,24 Geyspitz, K F., 137 Ghidini, M. G., 645 Gier, H. T., 535, 645, 749 Gibbs, D. F., 59, 135 v. Gierke, E., 128 Giersberg, H., 129, 645 Giese, A. C., 547 Gilbert, L. I., 137, 140, 143, 144, 145,469,

473,474,475,660,661,756,761 Gilby, A. R., 57, 58, 59, 660 Gilchrist, B. M., 532 Gillett, J. D., 56, 171, 302, 35 1, 353, 408,

756 Gillett, S., 143 Gillot, C., 213, 760 Gilmer, P. M., 645 Gilmour, D., 470, 645, 654 Gimingham, C. T., 22 Gingell, D. J., 213 Gingrich, R. E., 470 Giral, J., 645 Girard, M., 694 Girardie, A., 213, 592, 761 Girardie, D., 212 Girardie, J., 213 Giulio, L., 253 Gjullin, C. M., 22 Glaser, R. W., 299, 463, 535, 543, 749 Glasgow, H., 535 Glassmann, E., 590 Glinyanaya, E. I., 756 Gloor, H., 122, 543 Gnatzy, W., 474 Godelmann, R., 129 GodglUck, U., 249, 348


Goetsch, W., 129, 535 Gogala, M., 254 Gohrbandt, I., 299 Goldberg, E., 143 Goldberg, L., 535, 645, 751 Goldberg, M., 57, 756 Goldin, H. H., 660 Goldschmidt, R, 29, 138, 645, 749 Goldsmith, E. D., 543 Goldsmith, T. H., 253, 254, 255 Gonell, H. W., 53 Good, M. E., 546 Good, P. M., 645 Goodchild, A. J. P., 474, 546 Gooding, R. H., 551 Gooding, S., 302 Gooding, S. J., 756 Goodman, L. J., 254, 304, 355 Goodwin, T. W., 645, 652 Gordon, C., 129 Gordon, R M., 536 v. Gorka, A., 536, 585 Gortner, R A., 645 Gosbee, J. L., 213 Gosswald, K, 300 Gotz, B., 249, 25 1, 348, 754 Gotz, KG., 254 Gotze, P., 474 Gouin, F. J., 24 Gouranton, J., 55 1

Gourevitch, A., 645 Gowen, J. W., 140 Grabensberger, W., 348 Graber, V., 249, 300, 404, 463 Grabner, K E., 546 Grabowski, C. T., 304 Graf, G. E., 654 Gragg, F. W., 127 Graham, K, 353 Graham-Smith, G. S., 536 Graham, Thomas, 326 Grandori, R, 404 Grant, G. R M., 302 Grasse, P. P., 129, 348, 463, 585, 749 Gray, E. G., 304 Gray, H. E., 546 Grayson, J. M., 645 Greb, R J., 129 Green, T. L., 536, 585 Greenberg, B., 546 Gregoire, C., 468 Grellet, P., 25 Grell, M., 591 Gresson, R A. R, 536,749,751,756 Greville, G. D., 661 Grierson, M. C., 405 Griffiths, J. T., 749 Grimstone, A. V., 474, 592 Grindley, D. N., 654

Grisewood, E. N., 219 Grison, P., 129, 348, 645, 749, 753 de Groot, A. P., 546 Grosch, D. S., 135 Grosmann, H., 536 Gross, F. J., 353 Gross, J., 749 Grundfest, H., 173, 175, 214 Gunn, D. L., 129, 301, 348, 645, 694 Gupta, B. L., 177,551,758 Gupta, P. D., 254, 550, 749 Guthrie, D. M., 305, 470 Guttrup, E., 175 Guyenot, E., 536 Gwadz, R W., 355 Gymer, A., 213

Haas, A., 353 Haas, H., 546 Haaser, C., 543 Haber, V. R, 463 Habermann, E., 654 Hachlow, V., 129 Hackman, R H., 53, 57, 58, 59, 654, 658,

756 Haddow, A. J., 353 Hadom, E., 129, 133, 135, 138, 143, 209,

470,654,655,749 Haeckel, E., 589 Hafez, M., 302, 352, 590 Haffer, 0., 53 Hagan, H. R, 749, 756 Hagemann, J., 404 Hagenmuller, P., 587 Haget, A., 24 Hagiwara, S., 210 Halbwachs, M. C., 13.8 Haldane, J. B. S., 353,645 Halff, L. A., 546 Hall, Marshall, 358 Hall, R T., 463 Haller, H. L., 749 Hallez, J., 749 Hamamura, Y., 57, 304 Hamdorf, K, 254 Hamer, D., 468 Hamilton, A. G., 655, 756 Hamilton, H. J., 463 Hamilton, M. A., 404, 463 Hamilton, W. F., 249 Hammond, A. R., 405 Hammond, C. 0., 54 Hamrum, C. L., 304 van Handel, E., 655, 660, 699 Handlirsch, A., 129, 249 Hanec, W., 697, 699 Hangartner, W., 355 Hanegan, J. L., 699 Hanna, A. D., 749

Hannes, F., 171,348 Hanser, G., 645,660 Hanson, F. E., 470 Hanson, J., 173, 174

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Headlee, T. J., 694

775

Hanstrom, B., 129, 207, 208,249,300,645 Happ, G. M., 355, 545, 660 Harada, M., 470 Harashima, K., 474 Harden, A., 532 Hardenberg, J. D. F., 749 Hardy, W. B., 396 Harington, J. S., 470, 546, 590 Harizuka, M., 655 Harker, J. E., 353, 697 Harlow, C. M., 647 Harms, B., 585 Harmsen, R, 145 590, 592, 655, 662 v. Harnack, M., 21 I Harnisch, 0.,404,645 Harnly, M. H., 129 Harper, E., 660 Harries, F. H., 694 Harris, P., 659 Harris, R. G., 749 Harrison, A. S., 536 Harrison, J. W. H., 645 Hartley, J. C., 24 Hartline, H. K, 249 Hartung, E., 348 Hartwell, R A., 300 de Harven, E., 173, 409 Harvey, E. N., 463, 470 Harvey, W. R, 138,551,655 Harwood, R F., 660 Hase, A., 300, 348 Hasebroeck, K., 646 Hasegawa, K., 24, 660 Haseman, L., 536 Hashimoto, T., 309 Haskell, P. T., 304, 308, 757 Haslinger, F., 300 Hass, W., 59 Hassan, A. A. G., 404 Hassan, A. I., 129 Hasselmann, E. M., 253 Hassenstein, B., 253, 302, 352 Hassett, C. C., 302, 536, 543 Hastings, E., 539, 649, 698, 752 Hatch, M. H., 347 Hauschteck, E., 757 Hansen, K., 255 Hausor, G., 135 Havemann, R, 646 Hawkins, R I., 551 Hayashi, Y., 590 Hayashiya, K, 551 Haydak, M. H., 129, 590, 646 Hayes, W. P., 300 Hazelhoff, E. H., 404

Heath, J. E., 697, 699 Heberdey, R F., 404, 749 Hecht, 0., 129, 749 Hecht, S., 249 Hecker, E., 755, 760 van Heerdt, P. F., 352, 694 Hegner, R. W., 10 Heide, G., 176 Heidermanns, C., 171 Heidt, K, 463 Heinrich, B., 699 Heitmann, H., 300 Heitz, E., 536 Heller, J., 129, 171,463,585,646,655,757 Hemmingsen, A. M., 463 Hendrickson, G. 0., 468 Hendschel, A., 535 Henke, K., 54, 129, 131, 138,646,750 Henneguy, L. F., 463, 585 Henrici, H., 646 Henriksen, K L., 54 Henry, S. M., 546 Henschen, F., 536 Henschler, D., 546 Henseval, M., 646 Henson, H., 22, 129, 536, 586 Henson, W. R, 698 Heran, H., 305, 353 Herford, G. M., 404 Herford, G. V. B., 403, 536 Herman, W. S., 143 Herold,504 Hers, M. J., 536 Herter, K., 300, 694 Hertig, M., 536 Hertweck, H., 249, 300 Hertz, M., 249, 300, 646 Heselhaus, F., 536, 646 Heslop, J. P., 657 Hess, A., 210 Hess, C., 249 Heumann, L., 408 Heymons, R., 300, 404, 586, 749 Hickernell, L. M., 536, 586 Hidaka, T., 143, 655 Highnam, K C., 138, 213, 757, 761 Hildreth, P. E., 757 Hill, C. C., 750 Hill, D. L., 646 Hill, L., 213, 757, 761 Himmer, A., 694 Hinton, H. E., 24, 25, 59, 130, 143, 177,

209,404,409,410,470,586,655,697, 698, 749

Hinton, T., 543 Hintz, A. M., 760 Hisaw, F. L., 403 Ho, C. P., 646


Hobson, R P., 536, 586, 749 Hocking, B., 174, 699, 757 Hochrainer, H., 694 Hochreuther, R., 2.07, 300 Hocking, B., 174,699,757 Hodge, C" 130 Hodgson, E. S., 2.II, 305 Hodgson, N. B., 655 Hodson, A. C., 72., 138, 694 Hoffman, C., 2.55 Hoffman, H. J., 761 Hoffman, J. A., 474 Hoffmann, R W., 2.07, 348, 749 Hoffmeister, H., 138, 143, 174 Hogan, T. W., 2.4 Hogben, L. T., 2.98, 749 Hohorst, W., 749 Holdaway, F. G., 2.2., 130, 536 Hollande, A. C., 463, 536, 586, 646 Hollick, F. S. J., 171,300, 348 Hollis, V. W., 471 Holman, G. M., 176 Holmes, N. D., 546 Holmes, S. J., 348 Holmgren, E., 300, 404 Holmgren, N., 54, 536, 586, 749 v. Holst, E., 2.07, 352. Holt, T. R H., 143 Holtz, H., 536 Holz, I., 140, 758 Homann, H., 2.49 Homp, R, 349 Honda, M., 536 Honjo, I., 349 van t'Hoog, E. G., 536 Hoop, M., 54, 130 Hoover, S. C., 536 Hopf, H. S., 645, 694 Hopkins, C. R, 757 Hopkins, F. G., 646 Hopkins, T. L., 592. Hoppe, J., 404 Hoppe, W., 138, 143 Horie, Y., 305 Horikawa, M., 471 Horowitz, J., 140 Horridge, G. A., 174, 2.55, 305, 353, 355 Horsfall, W. R, 143 Horstmann, E., 2.49 Hoskins, D. D., 655 Hoskins, W. M., 130, 404, 536 Hosoi, T., 546, 751 Hosselet, C., 463 Houlihan, D. F., 410 House, H. L., 469, 546, 551,698 Hovasse, R, 536 Howden, G. F., 470 Howitt, F. 0., 643 Howland, R B., 2.2.

Howlett, F. M., 749 Howse, P. E., 308 Hoyle, G., 173, 174,2.09,2.10,2.53,355,409 Hrbacek, J., 408 Hrubesova, H., 759 Hsiao, C., 57, 59 Hsueh, T. Y., 646 Huang, C. T., 551 Huber, F., 2.10, 409 Huber, R, 138, 143, 410 Huddart, H., 176 Hudson, B. W., 655 Huettner, A. F., 749 Huff, C. G., 463 Hufnagel, A., 54, 130, 463, 586 Hughes, G. M., 171, 174, 2.07, 305,409 Hughes, RD., 138 Hughes-Schrader, S., 750 Humbel, E., 138 Humphrey, G. F., 655 Hundertmark, A., 2.49, 349 Hungate, R E., 536 Hungerford, H. B., 463 Hunter, John, 372. Hunter-Jones, P., 757 Hurst, H., 54, 56 Hiirthle, K., 171 Husain, M. A., 138, 536, 646, 750 Hussey, P. B., 2.2. Huxley, J. S., 130

Ibbotson, A., 353 Ichikawa, M., 135, 138 Idris, B. E. M., 2.4 IIan, J., 143 IIan, Judith, 143 lIes, J. F., 176, 2.14 Illig, K. G., 750 Isle, D., 2.50, 349 Imai, S., 143 Imms, A. D., 2.50, 300, 404, 646, 750 Inglesent, H., 536 Innes, J. M., 643 Irreverre, F., 590 Irvine, H. B., 551 Irzykiewicz, H., 552. Isaka, S., 652. Ishii, S., 309, 543 Ishimori, N., 586 Ishizaki, H., 138, 657 Ishizuka, Y., 143 Ito, H., 130, 586, 750 Ito, T., 57, 305,408, 546, 551 Iwanoff, P. P., 750 Iwao, S., 138 Iwasaki, Y., 463

Jack, R W., 349, 694 Jacklet, J. N., 2.13

INDEX OF AUTHORS 777 Jackson, C. H. N., 22 Jackson, D. J., 22, 138,757 Jacobi, E. F., 349 Jacobs, Wo, 646 Jacobson, M., 655, 757, 761 Jagujinskaia, L. W., 536 Jahn, T. L., 22, 248, 250, 251, 462, 463 Jakolev, Vo, 698 James, H. C., 750 Jameson, A. P., 537 Janda, V., 646 Jander, R, 353 Janet, Co, 404, 463, 757 Janisch, E., 694 Jawlowski, Ho, 207 Jaworski, E., 57 Jenkin, Po Mo, 143 Jenkins, M. F., 174 Jensen, M., 175 Jensen, P. B., 546 Jeso, F. di, 176 Jeuniaux, C., 57, 59,470,471, 545,660 Jewell, R R, 176 Joachim, J., 651 Joerrens, Ao, 142 Johansson, A. S., 138, 210, 757 Johansson, T. So K, 546, 758 John, Mo, 655 Johnson, Ao Wo, 646 Johnson, B., 138, 143,210, 305, 353,757 Johnson, Go C., 22, 353, 694 Johnson, L. Ho, 57 Johnston, N. C., 653 Joly, L., 138,213 Joly, Po, 130, 138,213,474,655,750,754 Jones, B. Mo, 25, 138,655 Jones, Do A., 655 Jones, Fo Go Wo, 350 Jones, Jo Co, 471, 551,756,761 Jones, Wo A., 761 Jongbloed, Jo, 646 Jordan, Ho, 537 Jordan, Ho Eo, 171 Jousset de Bellesme, 43 Jucci, Co, 463, 646 Judson, Co L., 25 Juga, Vo Go, 646 Jung, Ko, 207 Junge, Ho, 646 Jura, Co, 25

Kaestner, Ho, 646 Kafatos, Fo Co, 59, 551,660 Kahan, Do, 551 Kahle, Wo, 750 Kahn, RHo, 171 Kaiser, Ao Do, 469 Kaiser, Po, 138, 209, 754 Kaissling, Ko Eo, 303, 308, 309, 472

Kaji, So, 138 Kalabuchov, N. 1.,694 Kalf, Go F., 473 Kaliss, No, 404 Kalmus, Ho, 250, 253, 349, 646, 694 Kalthoff, K, 25 Kamensky, So Ao, 133 Kammer, Ao Eo, 176, 699 Kanehara, Yo, 57 Kanwisher, Jo Wo, 410 Kaplanis, Jo No, 143, 546655,758,763 Kapoor, So, 548 Kapzov, So, 54 Karawaiew, Wo, 463, 586 Karlinsky, Ao, 757 Karlson, Po, 57, 58, 135, 137, 138, 143,

353, 354, 655 Kasting, R, 546 Katsuki, K., 129, 130 Katsuki, Yo, 305, 309 Katz, Mo, 551 Katzen ellen Bogen, B. So, 59 Kaudewitz, Ho, 546 Kaufmann, B. Po, 750 Kawase, So, 57, 653 Kay, Do, 660 Kay, Ro E., 255, 308 Kehler, Jo Go, 308 Keilin, Do, 130, 404, 464, 465, 586, 646,

750 Keister, Mo Lo, 404, 408 Keith, Ao Do, 660 Keller, Ho, 546 Keller, Jo G., 350 Keller-Kitzinger, R, 646 Kellner, 0o, 646 Kellog, Fo Eo, 353, 355 Kellogg, Vo Lo, 130,349,750 v. Kemnitz, Go A., 424, 646 Kemper, Ho, 54, 130,207,464, 647, 750 Kenchington, Wo, 660, 661 Kennedy, Do, 253 Kennedy, Jo So, 138, 305, 349, 352, 353,

354, 355, 546, 754 v. Kennel, Jo, 300, 349 Kent, P. Wo, 56, 58 Keppler, Eo, 305 Kerfoot, Wo B., 255 Kerkut, Go A., 213, 305, 355 Kerr, Wo E., 354 Kershaw, Wo J. SO, 354 Kerur, Do, 549 Kessel, R Go, 471, 757 Kestner, 0o, 647 Kettlewell, Ho B. Do, 349, 750 Kevan, D. K Mo, 305 Key, K Ho L., 130, 138, 655 Khalifa, Ao, 750 Khan, Mo R, 546


Khouvine, Y., 128, 130 Kielich, ]., 171,404 Kikkawa, H., 647, 655 Kilby, B. A., 56, 469, 470, 471, 474, 654,

655 Kim, Chang-Whan, 138,210,255 Kinder, E., 59 King, P. E., 757 King, R. C., 25, 142, 473, 474, 547, 757,

761 King, R. L., 750 Kinnear, J. F., 474 Kinsey, M. G., 551 Kirimura, J., 139, 658 Kirschfeld, K, 253, 255 Kisimoto, R., 139 Kissel, J. H., 213 Kitchel, R. L., 404 Kittel, A., 647 Klatt, B., 130, 750 Kleber, E., 349 Klein, H. Z., 130 Klein, K, 349 Kleinman, L. W., 647 Klemm, N., 212 Klingenberg, M., 659 Klingsbeil, K H., 250 Klink, G., 657 Kloft, W., 657 Knab, F., 54 Kneitz, H., 653 Knight, H. H., 468, 647, 648 Knight, R. H., 129 Knoll, F., 250, 349 Knulle, W., 699 Knuppel, A., 537 Kobayashi, M., 139, 145, 657, 659 Koch, A., 404, 464, 537,547, 55 1, 750 Koch, C., 54 Koch, E. A., 25, 757 Koch, H. J., 53, 54, 404,533,537,584 Koch, J., 464 Kocian, V., 464 Koehler, A., 537 Koehler, 0., 250 Koeppen, A., 404 Kogure, M., 24, 135 Kohler, A., 750 Kohler, W., 130 Koidsumi, K, 57, 694 Kojima, T., 694 Kolbe, H. J., 73 Koller, G., 130, 464, 586 Kolliker, A., 586 Kollman, M., 464 Koltzoff, N. K., 750 Komarov, o. S., 135 Komarow, P. M., 537 Komatsu, K., 660

Konecky, M. S., 547 Konnemann, R., 586 Koob, K, 661 Kopec, S., 57, 130,207 Kopenec, A., 209, 655 Korda, F. H., 408 Korschelt, E., 130, 171 de Kort, C. A. D., 761 Koschevnikov, G. A., 464 Kosmin, N. P., 537, 647, 694 Kosminsky, P., 130 Kotzschmar, A., 651 Kowalevsky, A., 130, 464, 586 Koyama, N., 254 Kozhantshikov, I. V. (= Kozhanchikov),

349,647,694,750 Kraemer, F. K., 172

Krainska, M., 757 Kramer, A. S., 404 Kramer, H., 408 Kramer, S., 54, 57, 174, 464 Krancher, 0., 404 Kratky, E., 537 Krause, G., 22, 23, 25, 143 Krausse, A., 537 Kraut, H., 537 Kremer, J., 54, 464, 647 Kreps, E. M., 404 Kreuger, E., 405 Kreuscher, A., 464, 586 Krey, J., 464 Kreyenberg, J., 130 Krieger, D. L., 550 Krieger, F., 655 Krieger, R. 1.,551 Krijgsman, B. J., 300, 349, 422 Krishna, S., 547 Krishnan, G., 59 Kroger, H., 143 Krogh, A., 405, 408, 586, 647, 694 Kroning, F., 300 Kroon, D. B., 57 Kruger, F., 537, 586, 698 Kruger, P., 537, 695 Krunnic, M. D., 699 Kruper, F., 54, 586 Kubista, V., 655, 657 Kucera, W. G., 647 Kuhl, W., 464 Kuhn, A., 54, 130, 131, 135, 139, 250,

349,647,655,750 Kuhnelt, W., 59, 409, 543 Kuiper, J. W., 252, 253 Kullenberg, B., 354, 660, 750 Kummel, G., 547 Kunkel d'Herculais, J., see page 143 supp.

refs. Kunze, G., 300 Kunze, P., 255

INDEX OF AUTHORS 779 Kupta, E., 652 Kurata, M., 650 Kurian, K. T., 660 Kurland, C. G., 139, 655 Kuske, G., 139 Kuskop, M., 537 Kusmenko, S., 537 Kuwabara, M., 252, 253, 254 Kuwahara, Y., 309 Kuwana, Z., 59, 464, 537, 586

Laabs, A, 750 Labeyrie, V., 139,757 Lacher, V., 305, 308, 309 Laconti, J. D., 655 Lafon, M·,54,537, 547,647,652,754 Lagerspetz, K., 471, 698 Lai-Fook, J., 59, 143, 176, 474 Lagwinska, E., 475 Laing, J., 54, 349 Lake, P., 551 Lal, B., 758 Lamb, K. P., 590 Lambremont, E. N., 547, 655 Lammert, A., 250, 349 Lamy, M., 761 Landois, H., 405 Landolt, A. M., 213 Landsman, H. M., 695 Lane, N. J., 213 Lang, J., 20 7 Lange, H. H., 464 Lange, R., 354 Langer, H., 253, 255 Langley, P., 213 Langley, P. A., 137, 551 Lapique, M., 172 Larsen, E. B., 695 Larsen, ]. R., 210, 305, 757 Larsen, 0., 305, 409 Larson, A. 0., 750 Lartschenko, K., 464 Lasch, W., 464 Lasker, R., 547 Laskowska, T., 58 Lass, M., 405 Latter, O. H., 537, 647 Laufer, H., 143,471,550 Lauge, G., 143, 757 Laughlin, R., 25, 656 Laulajainen, E., 658 Laurema, S., 547, 548, 590 Laurence, B. R., 757 Laurinat, K., 750 Lauterbach, G., 757 Lauterborn, R., 405 Lauverjat, S., 474 Laven, H., 757 Law, J. H., 660

Law, L. W., 126 Lawrence, P. A., 143 Lawson, C. A., 131,750 Lazarenko, T., 464, 586 Lea, A. 0., 545, 758, 761 Leader, J. P., 698 Leahy, M. G., 761, 762 Lebedew, A, 586 Le Berre, J. R., 139 Lebrun, H., 464 Lecaillon, A, 586 Leclercq, J., 470 Lederer, E., 647, 649 Lee, H. T. Y., 181, 758 Lee, M. 0., 405 Lee, R. M., 471 Lees, A. D., 54,131,139,144,300,349 Lefebvre, 252 Leger, L., 587 Leghissa, S., 181 Leiby, R. W., 750 Leifert, H., 587 Leitch, I., 405 Lemche, H., 131,650 Lemonde, A., 543 Lenartowicz, E., 656 v. Lengerken, H., 131, 349, 537 Lengy, J. I., 304 Lennox, F. G., 587, 649 Lensky, Y., 59 Lenz, F., 537 de Lepiney, J., 250 de Lerma, B., 135, 207, 209, 468, 652,

754 Lesperon, L., 463, 464, 585, 647 Lestage, J. A., 405 Lester, H. M. 0., 537, 587 Leston, D., 176 Leuckart, R., 2, 398 Leuenberger, F., 660 Leuthold, R., 355 Levenbook, L., 173, 174, 408, 464, 468,

471, 474, 652, 656 Levi, P., 60 Levine, S. A., 660 Levinson, Z. H., 547, 755 Levita, B., 139 Lewis, C. T., 305 Lewis, D. J., 408, 543 Lewis, I. F., 547 Lewis, S. E., 174 Leydig, F., 28, 398 Lezzi, L., 143, 144 L'Helias, C., 471 Licent, P. E., 537, 587 Lichtenstein, N., 537 Liebermann, A., 300 Liebman, E., 464 Lienert, E., 547


Light, S. F., 131, 139 Lilienstern, M., 537 Lindauer, M., 253, 305, 353, 354, 355, 653 Lindemann, C., 547 v. Linden, M., 537, 647 LinderstreJm-Lang, K, 537 Lindroth, C. H., 349 Lindsay, H. A. F., 647 Linzen, B., 653, 656, 660 Lipke, H., 59, 547, 55 1 Lippert, W., 57 Lisa, J. D., 471 Lison, L., 464, 587 Littau, V. C., 591 Liu, Y. S., 300 Lloyd, L., 537, 587 Locke, M., 57, 59,144,409,474 Lockey, K H., 57 Lockshin, R. A., 25, 59, 144 Lockwood, A. P. M., 471 Locy, W. A., 537 Loeb, J., 349, 537 Loeven, W. A., 57 Loewe, S., 131,750 Lofgnen, P. H., 592 Loftus, R, 308 Loher, W., 210, 758, 761 Lohner, L., 349 Long, D. B., 139, 656 de Loof, A., 761 Loughheed, T. C., 473 Lotmar, R, 250, 464, 537, 543, 647 Loughton, B. G., 661 Louloudes, S. J., 656 Loveridge, J. P., 699 Lowenstein, 0., 304, 305 Lower, H. F., 57 Lowne, B. T., 264 Lozinski, P., 587 Lubben, H., 405 Lubbock, Sir J., 250, 349 Lucas, C. C., 753 Lucas, F., 656 Lucchesi, J. C., 757 Luciani, L., 647 Lucey, E. C. A., 176 Ludtke, H., 250, 253, 349 Ludwig, D., 54, 13 1, 139, 471, 538, 451,

590,647,652,656,695 Ludwig, W., 349,750 Ludy, F., 650 Luhmann, M., 586 Lukoschus, F., 471 Lum, P. T. M., 655 Lumsden, W. H. R, 536 Lund, E. J., 405, 464 Luscher, M., 22, 135, 139, 144, 354, 656,

697,758,761,762 Lusis, 0., 757, 758

Lutz, F. E., 228, 253, 349 Lwoff, M., 538 Lyonet, P., 146

Maas, A. H., 135 Macaulay, E. D. M., 550 Macfie, J. W. S., 543 Macgintie, G. F., 255 Macgregor, E. G., 349 Macgregor, V. E., 538 Machin, K E., 174 MackeII, T. E., 213 Mackensen, 0., 127 Mackerras, M. J" 750 Macleod, E. G., 308 MaddreII, S. H. P., 59, 213,214,305,590,

592 Madhavan, K., 144 Madwar, S., 538 Maelzer, D. A., 698 Magnan, A., 172 Magnus, D., 754 Magnussen, K., 131 Mahdihassan, S., 647 Mahowald, A. P., 251 Mahr, E., 25, 758 Maignon, F., 650 MaiIIet, P. L., 551 Makings, P., 305, 699 Makino, K, 656 Malabotti, A., 131 Maldonado, H., 255 Malek, S. R A., 57, 58 Malke, H., 551 Maloeuf, N. S. R, 464, 538, 587,647,750 Malpighi, M., 357, 381, 422, 561 Maluf, N. S. R, 648 Mandelstam, J. E., 145 Mangold, E., 172,465 Manier, J. F., 472 Manning, A., 758 Manning, M., 253 Mansbridge, G. H., 648 Mansingh, A., 144, 145 Mansour, K., 538, 751 Mansour-Bek, J. J., 538 Manunta, C., 590, 648 Maple, J. D., 405 March, R B., 2II

Marchal, P., 131, 172, 207, 250, 300,465, 538, 587, 648, 751

Marchand, W., 300 Marco, G., 57 Marcou, I., 648 Marcovitch, S., 131 Marcu, 0., 405 Marcus, B. A., 587 Marcus, H., 302 Marcuzzi, G., 471

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Marey, U., 171, Mark, H., 54 Markl, H., 305, 308 Marks, E. P., 144 Marschall, K J., 474 Marshall, A. T., 591, Marshall, J., 300 Marshall, W. S., 587 Martin, F., 751 Martin, H., 354, 355 Martin, J., 405 Martin, J. S., 551 Martin, M. M., 551 Martini, E., 300 Martoja, R., 474, 590 Maruyama, K., 174 Marzusch, K., 698 Masaki, S., 139 Maschlanka, H., 1,1, Maschwitz, U., 551, 656, 661 Masera, E., 465 Mashennikova, V. A., 139 Maslowa, E., 694 Mason, C. W., 54 Massimello, G., 550 Mast, S. 0., 349 Mathad, S. B., 144 Mathur, C. B., 536, 750 Matthee, J. J., 1,1" 139,648 Matthysse, J. G., 761, Matula, J., 1,07 de Maur, P. A., 590 Maurizio, A., 547 Mauser, F., 131 Maxon, M. G., 1,11 May, I. R., 144 May, R. M., 465 Mayer, A. G., 300, 751 Mayer, A. M., 300 Mayer, R. J., 1,13, 661 Mayer, V., 587 Maynard, L. A., 538, 648 Mayne, B., 751 Mazokhin-Porshniakow, G. A., 1,53, 1,55 Mazzi, V., 550, 589, 590 McAllan, J. W., 547, 656 McArthur, J. M., 405 McCann, F. V., 176,471,475 McCann, G. D., 1,55 Mclean, D. L., 551 McColl, C. M., 406 McCracken, I., 1,07 McCully, S. B., 748 McCutcheon, F. H., 405 McDunnough, J., 538, 587 McElroy, W. D., 468, 469, 471 McEnroe, W. D., 174, 590 McFarlane, J. E., 1,5, 144, 548 McGinnis, A., 546

McGovran, E. R., 405 McIndoo, N. E., 300, 465 McKay, J. M., 308 McKellar, J. W., 58 McLeod, D. G. R., 139 McLintock, J., 58 McMahan, E. A., 699 McShan, W. H., 175 Mead-Briggs, A. R., 758, 761 Means, O. W., 1,07 Meckel, J. F., 561 Meder, E., 354 Medugorac, L., 355 Megahed, M. M., 547 Meglitsch, A., 1,06 Megusar, F., 131, 131, Mehrotra, K. N., 1,10 Mehta, D. R., 751 Meinertshagen, I. A., 1,55 de Meillon, B., 538, 543, 645, 751 Meinrenken, W., 177 Meisenheimer, J., 131 Melamed, J., 1,13, 1,55 Melampy, R. M., 538, 648 Melin, D., 171" 300, 350 Melius, M. E., 761 Mell, R., 648, 751 Mellanby, H., 1,1" 465, 751 Mellanby, K, 54, 131,350,465, 547,648,

698, 751 Mellon, D., 304 Melvin, R., 695 Meng, C., 1,5 Menzer, G., 1,51 Mer, G. G., 754 Mercer, E. H., 547 Mergelsberg, 0.,751 Mergenhagen, D., 60 Merideth, J., 551, Merkel, A., 12,5 Merker, E., 1,50 Merle, J., 761 Merlini, L., 661 Messner, B., 475, 551" 661 Mestscherskaja, 750 Metalnikov, S., 131,465, 538, 587,650 Metcalf, R. L., 1,11, 538, 545, 648 Metschl, N., 1,51" 1,53 Meyer, A. D., 144 Meyer, A. E., 350 Meyer, E., 465 Meyer, G. F., 1,11, 758 Meyer, H., 11,6 Meyer, J. H., 139 Meyer, K H., 541 Meyer, P., 465 Meyer, P. F., 465,587,648 Meyer, W. L., 473 Mezger, J., 751,


Miall, L. C., 405 Michal, K, 648 Michelson, A., 308 Mikalonis, S. J., 207 Milburn, N. S., 213 Miles, P. W., 305, 547, 55 1, 590 Mill, P. J., 410 Milkman, RD., 144 Millara, P., 465 Miller, A., 23, 752 Miller, L. K, 699 Miller, L. E., 308 Miller, P. L., 176, 409, 410 Miller, T., 474 Milligan, J. V., 213 Mills, R R., 59,474,550,551, 552,592 Mingazzini, P., 538 Minks, A. K, 761 Minnich, D. E., 300 Minot, C. S., 405 Mishikata, T., 648 Misra, A. B., 538 Missiroli, A., 587 Mitchell, H. K., 590, 658 Mitlin, N., 547 Mittelstaedt, H., 173, 302, 305, 352 Mittler, T. E., 144, 544, 546, 547, 550, 551 Miyazaki, S., 552 Mjoberg, E., 751 Mobusz, A., 538, 587 Moericke, V., 251 Mohan, P., 751 Mohrig, W., 475, 552, 661 Meller, J., 759 Moller-Racke, I., 253, 352 Monroe, R E., 758 Montalenti, G., 172, 405, 538, 587 Moore, A. R, 350 Moore, W., 538 Mordue, W., 214,761,762 Moorhouse, J. E., 355 Mordwilko, A., 751 Morgan, A. H., 405 Morgan, T. H., 131,751 Morison, G. D., 172, 405, 587 Morita, H., 305, 308 Moriyama, H., 144 Morris, O. N., 144 Morris, S. J., 656 Morse, R. A., 654, 758 Moscona, A., 23 Mosebach-Pukowski, E., 695 Mothes, G., 656 Moulins, M., 550 Mowat, D. J., 57, 304 Mukerji, D., 758 Mukharji, S. P., 547 Muldrew, J. A., 471 Mulla, M., 760

Miiller, B., 656 Muller, E., 250, 350 Muller, F. P., 538 Muller, G. W., 54 Muller, H. J., 139, 547, 758 Muller, J., 139, 188 Muller, M., 25 Mullinger, A. M., 592 Munk, R, 552 Munn, E. A., 475, 661 Munson, S. C., 465, 468, 651, 698 Murakami, S., 474 Murphy, T. A., 475 Murr, L., 300, 350, 751 Murray, F. V., 131,465 Murray, M. R, 751 Musgrave, A. J., 550, 751 Mutchmor, J. A., 698 Muttkowski, R A., 405, 465 Myers, J. H., 308

Nabert, A., 131, 207 Nachtigall, W., 174, 176, 177 Nagai, T., 177 Nagashima, C., 472 Nagel, R H., 131 Nageotte, J., 300 Naisse, J., 144 Naka, K., 252, 253, 254 Nakahara, W., 465 Nakanishi, K, 144 Narahashi, T., 2II, 212

Narayanan, E. S., 656 Nash, T. A. M., 300 Nasini, G., 661 Nassonow, N. V., 538 Natalizi, G. M., 214 Nath, V., 751, 758 Nation, J. L., 590 Naton, E., 547 Nayar, J. K., 305 Nayar, K. K., 139, 214, 760 Necheles, H., 648, 695 Nedel, J. 0., 305, 656 Needham, D. M., 171, 648 Needham, J., 587 Neese, V., 308 Neess, J. C., 653 Nelson, D. R, 473 Nelson, J. A., 538, 587, 648 Nelson, J. W., 538 Nelson, W. A., 590 Nemenz, H., 471 Neumann, D., 355, 409, 549 Neumann, W. P., 654 Neville, A. C., 58, 59, 174, 177 Neville, E., 655 New, D. A. T., 354 New, J. K., 354

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Newburgh, R W., 655, 656 Newcomer, E. J., 538 Newcomer, W. S., 547 Newell, G. E., 538 Newport, G., 405, 465 Newton, C. J., 656 Newton, H. C. F., 207, 301 Nicholson, A. J., 695, 751 Nickerson, B., 656 Nicklaus, R, 308 Nicolle, P., 535, 538 Nichols, T. R, 212 Nielson, E. T., 350, 538, 648, 698 Niemierko, S., 589, 656 Niemierko, W., 547, 589, 648 Nieschulz, 0., 695 Nigmann, M., 405 Nikolei, E., 758 Nishiitsutsuji, J. ( = Nishiitsutsugi-Uwo),

135, 138, 2II, 355,758 Nitschmann, J., 25 Nittono, Y., 471 Noble-Nesbitt, J., 58, 59, 174,698,699 Noel, R, 465, 590 Noirot, C., 139,547,552,758 Noirot-Timothee, C., 547 Noland, J. L., 543, 547 Nolte, D. J., 144 Nolte, H. W., 538,751 Nonidez, J. F., 751 Norlander, R H., 214 Norman, A. G., 538 Normann, T. C., 214 Norris, M. J., 538,751 Notley, F. B., 694 Novak, V., 135, 139,656,751 Novotny, I., 656 Nowikoff, M., 254 Nowosielski, J. W., 354 Niiesch, H., 131, 139, 177,754 Nunez, J. A., 58, 590 Nuorteva, P., 547, 548, 590 Nur, U., 758 Nutman, S. R, 695 Nuttall, G. H. F., 130, 465 Nutting, W. L., 697

Oates, K., 176 Obara, Y., 762 Ochse, W., 128, 465 Odhiambo, T. R., 214,762 Odier, A., 29, 32 Oehmig, A., 350 Oehring, W., 250 Oelhafen, F., 25, 139 Oertel, E., 131 Oevennann, H., 301 O'Farrell, A. F., 140, 658, 661 Off'haus, K., 539

Ogura, S., 131 Ohgushi, R, 354 Ohnesorge-Humperdinck, 1.,548 Ohnishi, E., 592, 656, 661 Ohtaki, T., 144,656, 661 Ohuye, T., 471 Ohyama, Y., 699 Oka, H., 131 Okada, M., 25 Okamoto, H., 656 Okasha, A. Y. K., 144, 699, 762 Okay, S., 648, 652 Olander, R M., 551 Oltmer, A., 661 Omura, S., 751 O'Neil, H. D., 405 Onslow, H., 54, 648 Oosthuizen, M. J., 751 Opfinger, E., 350 Opoczytlska-Sembratowa, Z., 465 O'Riordan, A. M., 552 Orlov, J., 172, 301 Orosi-Pal, Z., 548 O'Rourke, F. J., 652 Orr, P. R, 642 Osanai, M., 657 Osbas, S., 2II Osborne, M. P., 177, 213, 214, 305, 306 Oschman, J. L., 552, 592 Oshima, C., 656 Osman, M. F. H., 657 Ossiannilsson, F., 302 Ostriakova-Varshaver, V. P., 755 Ottoson, D., 252 Oudemans, J. T., 131,751 Oura, A., 254 Overton, J., 26, 59 Owen, W. B., 269, 304, 306 Ozeki, K., 140, 758

Pabst, H., 306 Pacaud, A., 548, 648 Packard, A. S., 172 Paillot, A., 54, 465, 539 Pain, J., 657 Palk, 0., 140 Palka, J., 355 Palm, N. B., 587, 648, 751 Palmen, E., 354 Palmen, J. A., 405 Palmer, L. S., 538, 541, 648 Panov, A. A., 2II, 212, 214 Pant, N. C., 548 Pantel, J., 23, 405, 465, 539, 587, 75 1 Pantelouris, E. M., 470 Papi, F., 354 Pardi, L., 465, 539,649 Paretsky, D., 546 Parhon, M., 695


Paris, R, 550 Park, K. E., 26 Park, 0., 127, 350 Parker, G. H., 250 Parker, H. L., 751 Parker, K. D., 657, 758 Parker, J. R, 695 Parkin, E. A., 539, 751 Parnas, I., 213, 214 Parrish, W. B., 308 Parry, D. A., 250 Parsons, J., 655 Parsons, M. C., 552 Paschke, J. D., 145 Pasquinelly, F., 306, 755 Passonneau, J. V., 56 Pastuchova, A., 131 Patay, R, 23 Patchin, S., 762 Patel, N. G., 143, 209, 548 Pattee, E., 698 Patten, B. M., 250, 350 Patterson, J. A., 254, 661 Patterson, R. A., 548 Patton, R L., 354, 410, 465, 469, 471,539,

587, 590, 592, 648 Patton, W. S., 534 Pau, R N., 60 Paul, H., 131 Pauli, M. E., 23 Pause, J., 40 5, 465 Pavan, M., 652, 657, 659 Pavlidis, T., 356 Pavlowsky, E. N., 539 Paweletz, N., 60 Pawlowa, M., 465 Payne, M. A., 751 Payne, N. M., 695 Payne, N. N., 539 Payne, R S., 308 Peacock, A. D., 751 Peairs, L. M., 695 Pearson, K. G., 176, 177. 214 Pelosse, J., 65 1

Pemrick, S. M., 475 Pener, M. P., 762 Pennak, R W., 406 Penzlin, H., 140, 144, 214 Pepe, F. A., 177 Pepper,J.H., 56,57,539,649,698,752 Peredelsky, A. A., 131 Perez, C., 132, 406, 465, 539, 587 Perkowska, E., 548 Perry, M. M., 254 Perttunen, V., 352, 354, 471, 698 Pesson, P., 466, 539, 591, 752, 758 Peters, W., 306, 552 Petersen, H., 539 Petri, L., 539

Pfeiffer, H., 465 Pfeiffer, I. W., 132, 752 Pfluger, E., 613 Pflugfelder, 0., 23, 132, 140, 207, 2II, 7,2 Pflugstaedt, H., 301 Pflumm, W., 355 Philiptschenko, J., 466, 587 Phillipp, P., 350 Phillips, E. F., 539 Phillips, J. E., 548, 550, 551, 552, 591 Phillips, M. E., 406 Philpott, D. E., 253 Pichon, Y., 475 Picken, L. E. R, 54, 55 Piechowska, M., 757 Pieck, T., 475 Pielou, D. P .. 301, 348 Piepho, H., 54,55, 131, 133, 135, 136, 140,

758 Pierantoni, V., 539 Pierre, L. L., 548 Pilcher, D. E. M., 592 Pilewicz6wna, M. 0., 649 Pillai, N. K. K., 548 Pinet, J. M., 306 Pipa, R L., 58, 2II, 471 Piquett, P. G., 547 Pirsch, G. B., 696 Pitman, G. B., 661 Pitman, R. M., 213 Pittendrigh, C. S., 352, 354, 356 Piutti, A., 647 Plagge, E., 131, 132,649 Plateau, F., 406, 539, 588 Plaut, R, 647 Pliske, T. E., 762 Plotnikow, W., 55 Plough, H. H., 754 Po-Chedley, D. S., 657 Pochon, J., 539 Pohley, H. J., 126, 138, 140 Poisson, R, 55, 132,466, 539, 588, 591 Polacek, I., 654, 657 Polakis, S. E., 660 Polimanti, 0., 207 Poll, M., 466, 588 Polovodova, V. P., 755 Pomonis, J. G., 760 Pool, M. C., 549 Popham, E. J" 409, 649 Popoff, N., 248, 298, 533 Popovici-Baznosanu, A., 466 Porte, A., 213, 474 Porter, K. R, 759 Portier, P., 406, 462, 466, 539, 649 del Portillo, J., 250 Pospelov, V., 752 Possompes, B., 136, 140, 209, 649, 754 Potonie, H. W., 696

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Pouchet, G., 250 Poulson, D. F., 23, 132,207,548,644,649,

693 Poulton, E. B., 649 Power, M. E., 21 I Powning, R. F., 548, 552, 591, 652 Powsner, L., 696 Poyarkoff, E., 55, 132, 466, 539, 588 Pradhan, S., 539, 588, 696 Pratt, J. J., 468 Prebble, M. L., 132, 140 Precht, H., 657 Prell, H., 752 Prenant, A., 406, 466 Prestage, J. J., 30 6 Price, G. M., 475, 657, 659 Priebatsch, I., 250, 649 Pringle, J. A., 752 Pringle, J. W. S., 172, 173, 174, 176, 177,

207, 299, 301 , 306 Printy, G. E., 545 Prochnow, 0., 301 Priiffer, J., 301 Pruthi, H. S., 132 Pryor, M. G. M., 53, 55, 657, 752 Przelecka, A., 547 Przibram, H., IIO, u8, 132,649 Puchta, 0., 548 Pulikovsky, N., 406 Pumphrey, R. J., 207, 301 Punt, A., 409 Purrmann, R., 649 Pye, J. D., 303

Qadri, M. A. H., 409

Raabe, M. ( = Dupont-Raabe), 26, 209, 211,214,252,657,756

Rabaud, E., 350 Rabe, W., 306 Rabinowitz, M., 23 Radl, E., 301, 350 Radtke, A., 132 Radu, V., 466 Raffy, A., 539, 649 Rahm, U. H., 140 Rai, K. S., 144 Raichoudhury, D. P., 752 Raignier, A., 301, 696 Rainey, R. C., 649 Rakshpal, R., 354 Ralph, C. L., 471 Ramamurty, P. S., 758 Ramme, W., 539 Ramsay, J. A., 55, 406, 468,589,591,592,

649,696 Ramsden, W., 649 Randall, M., 539 Randall, W. C., 177

Rao, B. R., 545 Rao, T. R., 350, 406 Raper, R., 466 v. Rath, 0., 208, 301 Rathke, H., 4, 406 Rathmayer, W., 657 Ratte, F., 588 Rawdon-Smith, A. F., 208, 301 Ray, J. W., 657 Raymont, J. E. G., 350, 692 Razet, P., 591 Readio, P. A., 132 Reali, G., 471 Reaumur, R. A., 4,46, 681 Reed, S. C., 172 Rees, C. J. C., 308 v. Rees, J., 132 Regen, J., 132, 301,752 Rehm, E., 208 Rehm, M., 140, 209 Reichardt, W., 253 Reichelt, M., 55, 132, 649 Reichenow, E., 539 Reichle, F., 350 Reichmuth, W., 657 Reichstein, T., 661 Reiff, M., 752 Reik, L. E., 207 Reisener-Glasewald, E., 657 Reiser, R., 549 Reith, F., 23 Rembold, H., 140, 548, 660 Remmert, H., 354 Remold, H., 657 Rempel, J. G., 132 Remy, P., 406 Rengel, C., 539 Renner, M., 308, 354, 657,758 Rethfeldt, C., 752 Reuter, E., 301 Reynolds, J. M., 540, 752 v. Rhein, W., 135 Rhoades, M. V., 304 Ribbands, C. R., 306, 354 Rice, M. J., 60, 177, 308 Ricca, A., 659 Rice, S. G., 406 Richard, G., 306 Richards, A. G., 23, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59,

132, 172, 208, 21 I, 212, 698, 752 Richards, O. W., 132,752 Richardson, C. D., 549, 759 Richardson, C. H., 299, 466, 540, 549 Richter, A., 140 Richter, D., 53 Richter, S., 306 Riddiford, L. N., 144, 145, 309, 762 Riede, E., 406 Riegert, P. W., 306


Ries, E., 466, 532, 540, 752 Rijlant, P., 172 Riley, W. A., 588 Ring. R. A., 545 Rinternecht, E., 60, 144 Riordan, D. F., 355, 698 Ripley, S. H., 174 Ripper, W., 406, 540 Risler, H., 136, 306 Ritchot, C., 548 Ritter, E., 301 Ritter, H., 548 Ritter, W., 172 Ritterhaus, K., 752 Rivnay, E., 132,301,350 Rizki, M. T. M., 409, 472, 548 Rizki, R. M., 472 Robbie, W. A., 21 Robbin, W. E., 143,548,655,661,758,

763 Robert, P. C., 762 Roberts, S. K, de F., 354, 355 Robertson, C. W., 132 Robertson, F. W., 540, 752 Robinson, W., 588, 696 Rocco, M. L., 588 Roch, F., 172 Rockstein, M., 652, 657,661 Rodionova, A. N., 58 Roeder, K. D., 173, 208, 211, 305, 306,

308, 309, 354, 466, 752 Roelofs, W. L., 762 Roffey, J" 177 Rogers. G. L., 254 v. Rohr, G., 693 Rokohl, R., 250 Roller, H., 144, 758, 762 Rollett, A., 172 Rombouts, J. E., 172 Ronsch, G., 211 Ronzoni, E., 649 Roonwal, M. L., 23, 250, 649, 752 Rooseboom, M., 646 D'Rosario, A. M., 752 Rosch, G. A., 350 Rose, E. J., 532 Rosenfalck, P., 173 Rosenkranz, W., 752 Roshdy, M. A., 757 Ross, D. J., 591 Rossbach, W., 211 Rossig, H., 466 Rossler, M. E., 548 Roth, L. M., 133,301,303, 306, 352,406,

408,471,475,544,548,649,657,698, 754,758,759,762

Roth, T. F., 759 Rothenbuhler, W. L., 140 Rotheram, S., 474

Rothschild, M., 177, 653, 655, 657, 659, 660,661,759,762

Roubaud, E., 133,466,540,588,752 Rouschal, W., 466 Roussel, J. P., 214,661,762 Roussell, P. G., 548 Rowell, C. H. F., 661 Roy, D. N., 540, 752 Rozeboom, L. E., 540 Rubenstein, D. L., 540 Ruck, P., 253, 254 Rucker, F., 696 Rudall, K M., 53, 57, 58,657,661,758 Rudolfs, W., 649 Rudolph, P., 309 Rudzisz, B., 656 Ruegg, D. C. S., 176, 177 de Ruiter, L., 408 Ruland, F., 301 Rungius, H., 540, 588 Runion, H. I., 309 Ruppli, E., 144 Rupprecht, R., 309 Ruska, H., 173, 174, 409 Russell, P. B., 55 Russell, P. F., 406 Russenberger, H., 174 Russenberger, M., 174 Russo-Caia, S., 591 Rutschky, C. W., 653 Ruttner, F., 140, 759

Saccharov, N. L., 695 Sacktor. B., 175, 177, 550, 652. 657, 659.

661 Sadones, J., 406 Saini, R. S., 591 Saint-Hilaire, K, 55, 540, 588 Saito, M., 125, 657 Saito, S., 472 Sakagami, Y., 143 Sakurai, M., 55, 406 Salama, H. S., 309 Salkeld, E. H., 544 Salpeter, M. M., 591 Salt, G., 133, 140, 301 , 472, 474, 475,

752 Salt, R. W., 25, 133,696,697,698,699 Salzle, K., 250, 350 Samson, K., 588 Samtleben, B., 540 Sanborn, R. C., 135, 143,651,652 Sanchez, D., 133 Sander, K., 25, 26 Sander, W., 251 Sanderson, E. D., 696 Sanford, E. W., 540 Sang, J. H., 129,540, 544, 548, 550, 752 Sanger, J. W., 475

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Santschi, F., 350 Sarin, E. J., 539, 540 Sarma, P. S., 171, 172, 532, 540, 548, 658,

758 Sass, R., 760 Sasse, ~., 208 Sato, S., 473 Satoh, K., 656 Sauer, J. R., 552 Saunders, D. S., 140, 144, 759 Saunders, E., 128 Saunders, L. G., 540 Savage, A. A., 591 Saxena, K. N., 494, 547, 548 Sayle, M. R., 696 Schachter, M., 653, 657 Schaeffer, C. W., 133 Schaerffenberg, B., 652 Schaller, A., 301, 350 Schaller, Francois, 140, 144 Schaller, Friedrich, 303, 468, 755, 759 Schaller, G., 552 Schanderl, R., 540, 544 Scharrer, B., 133, 140, 208, 209, 214, 660,

752 Scharrer, E., 133 Schatz, L., 58 Scheer, D., 406 Schenk, 0., 301 Scheurer, R., 762 Schildknecht, R., 657, 661 Schildmacher, R., 548 Schindler, E., 588 Schinozaki, J., 697 Schipper, A. L., 23 Schlegtendal, A., 251 Schliep, W., 649 Schlieper, C., 251, 350 Schlossberger-Raeke, I., 58 Schlote, F. W., 60 Schlottke, E., 540, 544, 649 Schlusche, M., 649 Schmalfuss, R., 649 Schmialek, P., 140 Schmidt, A., 301 Schmidt, E. L., 58, 136, 755, 759 Schmidt, G. R., 472, 661 Schmidt, P., 350 Schmieder, R. G., 133, 466, 588 Schmitt, J. B., 409 Schneider, A. M., 355 Schneider, D., 211, 303, 305, 306, 308,

309,354,472,759,762 Schneider, F., 133, 136,253,469,652,696 Schneider, G., 175, 254, 303, 540, 755 Schneider, R., 548 Schneider, K., 752 Schneider, K. C., 211 Schneider, W., 298

Schneiderman, R. A., 137, 139, 140, 144, 145,408,409,410,655,658,755,756

Schnelle, R., 466, 588 Schnetter, M., 23, 26 Schnierla, T. C., 350 Schoenemund, E., 406, 752 Schoffeniels, E., 469 Scholander, P. F., 698 Schone, R., 25 I, 254, 352 SchOnfeld, C., 548 Schoonhoven, L. M., 140, 308, 309 SchOpf, C., 649, 651 Schrader, F., 752 Schrader, K., 133 Schreiner, T., 548 Schremmer, F., 251, 301, 350 Schricker, B., 253 Schulz, E., 248 Schulz, F. N., 540, 588, 649, 696 Schulz, P., 649 Schulz, W., 350 Schulze, K., 650 Schulze, P., 55, 540 Schiirfeld, W., 55, 120 Schiitze, W., 172 Schwabe, J., 301 Schwalbach, G., 175 Schwartz, R., 306 Schwartz, W., 540, 544 Schwartzkopff, J., 306, 307 Schwarz, V., 140 Schwarz, W., 544 Schwemer, J., 254 Schwink, I., 354, 469, 759 Scott, A. C., 752 Scott, K. G., 534, 643, 693 Scott, W. N., 350 Seamans, L., 133, 135 Sedlaczek, W., 588 Segal, E., 697 Sehl, A., 23 Sehnal, F., 145 Sehon, G. L., 407 Seibt, U., 254 Seidel, F., 23 Seifter, S., 660 Seiler, J., 133, 140, 145, 752, 755, 759 Seilliere, G., 540 Seitz, G., 255 Sekeris, C. E., 58, 60 Seki, T., 657 Sekhon, S. S., 24, 306 Sellier, R., 132, 133, 136, 209 Selman, B., 472, 475, 698 Semenova, L. M., 58 SeInichon, L., 466, 650 Senge, J., 755 Sereno, C., 759 Serfaty, A., 206


Sethi, S. L., 145 Seurat, L. G., 406 Sewell, M. T., 472 Seybold, A., 540 Seyrig, A., 133, 753 Shafer, G. D., 55 Shafiq, S. A., 175, 409 Shambaugh, G. F., 545, 549 Shane, J. L., 142 Shappirio, D. G., 140, 658 Sharan, R K., 25 Sharif, M., 466, 544 Sharp, P. L., 551 Sharplin, J., 58, 699 Shaw, J., 58,466,468,472, 549, 591 Shaw, S. R., 255 Shearer, D. A., 653, 661 Shekun, L., 540 Sheppard, P. M., 140 Sherrington, C. S., 190, 332 Shigematsu, R., 472 Shima, T., 350 Shimizu, M., 588, 658 Shimizu, S., 55, 588 Shinoda, 0., 540, 588 Shinozaki, J. ( = Schinozaki), 698 Shiwago, P., 588 Shooneveld, R., 762 Shortino, T. J., 758 Shrivastava, S. C., 475 Shuel, R W., 137 Shull, A. F., 133, 753 Shulow, A., 23 Siakotos, A. N., 472 Siang-Rsu, W., 540 van Sickle, G. R., 355 Sidney, J., 408 Sieber, N., 650 v. Siebold, C. T., 384 Siegler, E. R., 696 Siew, Y. C., 762 Sihler, R., 301 Sikes, E. K, 23, 406 Sikora, R., 753 Silvestri, F., 588, 753 Simanton, W. A., 650 Simmermacher, G., 172 Simmonds, B. G., 462, 644 Simmonds, F. J., 133 Simmons, S. W., 540 Simpson,J., 306, 355, 549 Sin, Y. T., 475 de Sinety, R, 406, 466, 541, 588, 751 Singh, K R. P., 549 Sinoda, 0., 650 Sioli, R., 301, 350 Sirodot, S., 588 Skaff, V., 762 Skinner, D. M., 759

Slaby, 0., 549 Slama, K, 145, 759, 762 Slater, W. K, 643, 650 Slifer, E. R., 23, 25, 303, 306, 309, 650,

750

Slowtzoff, B., 650 Smalley, K N., 475 Smallman, B. N., 55, 144, 145, 2II, 213 Smart, J., 696 Smimow, D. A., 650 Smit, W. A., 177 Smith, D. S., 175, 177, 2II, 214, 309,

472, 591, 762 Smith, F. E., 252 Smith, R. F., 130 Smith, J. D., 541 Smith, J. M., 661, 759 Smith, J. N., 658 Smith, K M., 541 Smith, L. M., 133 Smith, N. A., 475 Smith, RD., 655 Smith, U., 177 Smola, U., 309 Smreczynski, S., 23 Snell, P. A., 466 Snipes, B. T., 541 Snodgrass, R E., 133, 172, 208, 301, 406,

466, 541 Sohal, R S., 552 Solf, V., 172 Somberg, J. C., 355 S0mme, L.,698, 699 Sonnenblick, P., 25 Sotavalta, 0., 172, 173, 175, 254, 658,698 Spacek, M., 464 Speicher, B. R, 696, 753 Speicher, K. G., 753 Speyer, W., 125 Spickett, S. G., 140 Spielman, A., 762 Springer, F., 541, 753 Springhetti, A., 139 Sprung, F., 55 Spurway, R., 353 Squire, F. A., 133 Srishukh, S., 645, 650, 652 Srivastava, U. S., 145, 661 Staal, G. B., 145 Staddon, B. W., 552, 591, 592 Stahl, E., 283 Stahn, 1.,406 Stammer, R. J., 465, 466, 541, 588, 753 Staudenmayer, T., 541 Stay, B., 549,657,758,759,762 Steche, 0., 466 Steel, C. G. R., 145 Steele, J. E., 2II Stegemann, F., 55

INDEX OF AUTHORS

Stegwee, D., 60, 658, 762 Stehr, G., 133,466, 658 Stehr, W. C., 251 Steiger, D., 214 Stein, G., 658, 759 v. Stein-Beling I., 350 Steinberg, D. M., 133, 141 Steinbrecht, R. A., 214, 762 Steiner, A., 696 Steiner, G., 301,466 Steinhauer, A. L., 472 Steinhaus, E. A., 466 Steiniger, F., 350 Stellwaag, F., 172 Stellwaag-Kittler, F., 141 Stendell, W., 466 Stephen, W. F., 661 Stephen, W. P., 472 Stephens, J. M., 472 Stem, C., 133, 141, 145 Stem, H. R, 545 Stem, L., 642, 693 Steudel, A., 541 Stevenson, E., 141,472,661 Stewart, R K., 545 Stich, H., 591 Stiennon, J. A., 211

Stier, T. J. B., 462 Stiles, K. A., 133 Stobbart, R H., 472, 475, 552, 591 Stobbe, R, 753 Stober, W. K., 541 Stock, A., 140, 658 Stockhammer, K., 251, 254 Stoeckel, M. E., 474 Stoecker, M., 251 Stoffalano, J. G., 762 Stohler, H., 549 Stokes, A. C., 406 Stone, B. C., 653 Storey, H. H., 541 Stossberg, M., 55 Stralla, D. D., 134, 208 Strasburger, E. H., 23 Strauss, J., 650

Strebel, 0., 302 Street, H. R., 541 Strehler, B. L., 469 Strelnikow, I. D., 696 Strenzke, K., 546, 549 Strickland, E. H., 134, 541 Stride, G. 0., 409 Strong, F. M., 550 Stroyan, H. L. G., 546 Stuart, A. M., 356, 658 Stuart, T. A., 406 v. Studnitz, G., 172, 302 Stumper, R., 354, 650, 658 Stumpf, H., 251, 252

Stiirckow, B., 21 I Sturtevant, A. P., 648 Subbarow, Y., 541 Subklew, W., 350 Siiffert, F., 54, 55, 134,251 Suga, N., 305, 306 Sugiyama, H., 658 Sukhov, K. S., 541 Sulkowski, E., 658 Sundaram, T. K., 658 Sussmann, A. S., 652 Suster, P. M., 134 Sutcliffe, D. W., 472, 591 Sutherland, O. R. W., 145 Sutton, M. F., 544 Suzuki, K., 254 Svedberg, T., 406 Sweetman, H. L., 134, 753 Sweetman, W. D., 541 Swellengrebel, N. H., 753 Swenson, K. G., 145 Swihart, S. L., 255, 309 Swingle, H. S., 541 Swingle, M. C., 541 Szabo-Patay, J., 406 Szakowska, L., 655 Sztem, H., 134 Szymanski, J. S., 208, 350

Tachibana, K., 472 Tahir, E., 590 Tahmisian, T. N., 208, 589, 650, 759 Takahashi, H., 656 Takahashi, Y., 25 Takata, N., 660 Takehara, I., 698 Takeuchi, S., 25 de Talens, A. F. P., 356 Tanaka, M., 546 Tang, P. S., 646 Tangl, F., 650 Tanno, K., 699 Tartakoff, A. M., 660 Tartter, A., 650 Tatchell, R. J., 25 Tatum, E. L., 541 Tauber, O. E., 55, 461, 466, 467,541,645,

749,753 Tawfik, M. F. S., 25 Taylor, A., 467 Taylor, A. C., 21 Taylor, B. J. R, 305 Taylor, I. R, 251, 467, 643, 650 Taylor, R. L., 60 Taylor, T. H. C., 406, 753 Tchang, Yung-Tai, 541 Technau, G., 544 Teissier, G., 55, 134 Telfer, W. H., 141,472, 759, 761, 762


Ten Cate, J., 208 Tenenbaum, E., 650 Tenney, S. M., 469, 472 Terre, L., 134 Terzian, L. A., 590 Tetsch, C., 650 Thain, E. M., 657 Thelen, W., 405 Theodor, 0., 55, 134, 532, 696 Theron, P. P. A., 134 Thiel, H., 541 Thomas, B. M., 144 Thomas, G. A., 134 Thomas, H. D., 23 Thomas, I., 255 Thomas, K. K., 475 Thommen, H., 660 Thompson, M. J., 143 Thompson, P. E., 410 Thompson, R. H., 656 Thompson, S. N., 661 Thompson, V., 23 Thompson, W. R., 134, 406 Thomsen, E., 134, 141,208,209,212,214,

467,472,696,753,759 Thomsen, M., 208, 209, 212, 214, 650,

695,696,753 Thomson, D. L., 650 Thomson, J. A., 475 Thomson, R. C. M., 302, 696 Thorpe, W. H., 302, 350, 351, 354, 406,

407,408,541,588 Thorsell, W., 547 Thorsteinson, A. J., 306 Threadgold, L. T., 756 Thulin, 1.,407 Thunberg, T., 650 Thurm, U., 306, 309 Tice, L. W., 177 Tichomiroff, A., 650 Tiegs, O. W., 23, 55, 13 1, 134, 175, 407,

465,467,588 Tietz, A., 472 Tillyard, R. J., 407 Timm, C., 303 Timon-David, J., 467, 588, 650 Tinbergen, L., 302 Tinbergen, N., 251, 351,753 Tirelli, M., 24, 208, 467, 589 Tischler, W., 251, 351 Tischner, H., 307 Titschack, E., 134, 541,753 Toba, H. H., 145 Tobe, S. S., 661 Tobias, J. M., 208,467 Todd, A. R., 53, 55 Tomino, S., 58, 661 Tomita, M., 24 Tonner, F., 208, 351,407

Tormey, J. M., 550 Toselli, P. A., 177 T6th, L., 467,541, 542, 753 Toumanoff, K., ( = Toumanov, C.,) 465,

469, 650, 753 Tower, W. L., 55, 650, 696 Townsend, G. F., 753 Toyama, K., 21 I Tozian, L., 21 I Trager, W., 541, 542 Trapmann, W., 542, 589 Traynor, D. R., 550 Treat, A. E., 306, 307, 309 Treeck, A., 408 Treherne, J. E., 175, 211, 213, 214, 408,

545, 549, 591 Trim, A. R., 55 Trojan, E., 650 Trouvelot, B., 753 Trujillo-Cen6z, 0., 211, 213, 255 Truman, J. W., 60, 145,763 Truszkowski, R., 589 Tscharntke, H., 252 Tschinkel, W., 763 Tschirch, A., 650 Tsubo, I., 591 Tsuchitani, K., 658 Tsukamuto, M., 177 Tucolesco, J., 251 Tuft, P. H., 24, 652 Tunstall, J., 255 Turano, A., 254 Turbert, H. B., 658 Turner, C. H., 302, 351 Tutt, J. W., 24 Tuurala, 0., 254 Tuzet, 0., 472 Twarog, B. M., 211 Tyshtchencho, V. P., 145 Tzonis, K., 467

v. Ubisch, L., 134 v. Uexkull, J., 172, 208, 351 Ulrich, H., 24, 753, 759 Ulrich, W., 351 Umebachi, Y., 658, 661 Umeya, Y., 24, 650 Urban, F., 351 Ursprung, H., 654 Usherwood, P. N. R., 173, 175, 176, 214,

309, 474 Ussing, H. H., 467 Uvarov, B. P., 351, 542,650,696

Valentine, J. M., 302, 351 Vandel, A., 134, 753 Vanderberg, J. P., 759 Van der Kloot, W. G., 141, 354,410 Vanderplank, F. L., 134

INDEX OF AUTHORS 791

Vanderzant, E. S., 549, 759 Yaney, C., 589, 650, 651 Varley, G. C., 134, 407 Vaughan, J. A., 761 Vayssiere, A., 407 Veerkamp, T. A., 57 Veneziani, A., 589 Velthius, H. H. W., 763 Verlaine, L., 351 Veriy, V. G., 653 Du Vernay, W. Von B., 351 Verschaeffelt, E., 302 Verson, E., 55,467, 542 Verworn, M., 467 Viallanes, H., 407 Vialli, M., 651 Vielmetter, W., 699 Vieweger, T., 407 Vignon, P., 55, 542, 589 Villee, C. A., 134 Vincent, J. F. V., 60 Vinogradskaya, O. N., 410 Virkki, N., 759 Viscontini, M., 658, 661 Vogel, B., 542 Vogel, R, 208, 302,467, 542 Vogel, S., 177 Vogler, C. H., 407 Vogt, M., 134, 208, 209, 753 Voinov, D. N., 542 Volkonsky, M., 351, 696 Voogd, S., 759 Voskresenskaja, A. K., 212 Voss, F., 172 Vowles, D. M., 212, 307, 352, 354 Voy, A., 141 Vroman, H. E., 763

Wachter, S., 55 Wacker, F., 302 Waddington, C. H., 54, 134,254 Wagner, G., 136 Wagner, N., 662 Wagner, R E., 57 Wagner, W., 407 Wahl, B., 407 Wahl, 0., 302, 351 Wain, R. L., 651 Walcott, B., 255 Wald, G., 249, 651 Waldbauer, G. P., 307 Waldron, I., 177 Waldschmidt, M., 658 Walker, A. C., 177 Walker, I., 470, 758 Walker, J. F., 467 Walker, P. A., 472, 475 Walker, R J., 213 Wall, B. J., 214, 475, 55 1, 552

Wallace, G. K., 254 Wallace, M. M. H., 145, 592 Wallengren, H., 407 Wallis, D. I., 307 Wallis, R. C., 307 Wallman, J., 308 Waloff, Z., 354 Walshe, B. M., 407, 408, 651, 696 Walter, E., 407 Walters, D. R, 475 Walters, V. A., 143 Walther, J. B., 254 Walton, L., 547 Wang, L., 57 Wang, Y. L., 404, 464 Warnke, G., 302, 351 Watanabe, A., 210 Watanabe, M. I., 172, 658 Waterhouse, D. F., 58, 59, 542, 548, 549,

589, 651, 658, 660 Waterman, T. H., 251, 254, 255 Watts, D. T., 408 Watson, J. A. L., 59, 141, 699 Way, M. J., 55, 136, 141 Weatherston, J. Q., 662 Weaver, N., 141, 145, 549 Webb, J. E., 55, 407 Weber, H., 24, 55, 56, 172,208,251,302,

407,467,542,589,651,696,753 Weber, Heinz, 302, 351 Webley, D. P., 472 Weed, I. G., 134, 754 Weesner, F. M., 139 Weevers, R. de G., 214, 309 Wegener, M., 651 Wehrmaker, A., 141 Weiant, E. A., 173, 211 Weidner, H., 754 Weil, E., 542 Weinland, E., 302, 589, 651 Weinman, C. J., 22, 138 Weinstein, M. J., 140 Weir, J. S., 549 Weir, S. B., 145 Weirmsa, C. A. G., 646 Weis, J., 302 Weise, H., 407 Weis-Fogh, T., 56, 58, 60, 173, 174, 175,

302,410,647,658 Weismann, A., 5, 24, 56, 407 Weiss, H. B., 251 Weiss, K., 354 Weissenberg, R, 407, 467 Welch, P. S., 407 Welles, M. D., 585 Wellington, W. G., 252, 302, 352, 355,696 Wells, M. J., 212 Wellso, S. G., 136, 145 Welsh, J. H., 251, 351


Wendler, G., 307 Wendler, L., 252 Wenig, K., 585 Wensler, R. J. D., 307 Wenzl, H., 552 Werber, E. I., 132 Werner, E., 542 Wesenberg-Lund, C., 407 Wessing, A., 591, 592,658 Wesson, L. G., 134 West, T., 172 Wester, D. H., 56 Wettinger, 0., 407, 467 Wever, E. G., 302 Weyer, F., 208, 542, 754 Weygand, F., 658 Weyrauch, W. K., 208, 302, 351, 696 Wharton, D. R. A., 552, 759 Whedon, A. D., 467 Wheeler, B. M., 544 Wheeler, R. E., 472, 761 Wheeler, W. M., 134,467, 542, 754 Whitcomb, W., 542 White, D. C. S., 176 White, D. F., 145 White, J. D., 697 White, M. J. D., 141,754 White, R. H., 141,255,550 Whitehead, D. L., 58, 59, 475 Whitehead, H., 407 Whiting, P. W., 134 Whitney, R. J., 696 Whitten, J. M., 141, 145, 472 475 Widner, B., 212 Wiechert, E., 251 Wiedemann, J. F., 542 Wieland, H., 651 v. Wielowiejski, H. R., 407, 467 Wiens, A. W., 475 Wiese, K., 308 Wiesend, P., 58 Wiesmann, R., 307, 35 1, 549 Wigglesworth, V. B., 23, 24,54,56,57,58,

126,134,135, 136, 141, 145, 171, 175, 208,209,212,251,302,307,351,406, 407,408,410,464,467,472,473,475, 533,542,543,549,589,591,651,658, 659,696,699,747,754,759,760,763

Wilbert, H., 760 Wilbur, K. M., 699 Wildbolz, T., 549 de Wilde, J., 141, 145,351,468,760,761,

763 Wilhelm, R. C., 658 Wilkes, A., 696 Will, F., 302 Willers, W., 56,468 Willey, R. B., 212 Williams, C. B., 678

Williams, C. M., 56, 59, 60, 134, 136, 138, 140, 141, 142, 144, 145, 172, 173, 174, 208, 209,354,472,651,652,655,658, 754,755,759,760,762

Williams, F. Q., 467 Williams, M. E., 651 Williams, M. J., 60 Williams, M. V., 173 Williams, W. L., 349 Willig, A., 659, 662 Willis, E. R., 303, 352, 648, 758 Willson, C., 763 Wilson, D., 308 Wilson, D. M., 175 Wilson, E. 0., 142, 658 Wilson, F., 134, 142,760 Wilson, H. F., 542 Wilson, R. S., 655 Wilson, S. E., 543 Wilson, V. J., 175 Wingfield, C. A., 408 Winston, P. W., 699 Winteringham, F. P. W., 175, 658 Winterstein, H., 408 Wishart, G., 307, 355 van Wisselingh, C., 30 v. Wistinghausen, C., 408 Wlodawer, P., 475, 547, 549,656 Wohlbarsht, M. L., 307 Woitas, E., 206 Wojtczak, A. F., 656 Wojtczak, L., 658 W ojtusiak, R. J., 302 Woke, P. A., 754 Wolf, E., 249, 251, 351 Wolfe, L. S., 58, 473, 549 Wolff, K., 646, 650 Wolfram, R., 589 Wolken, J. J., 254 Wollmann, E., 543 Wolsky, A., 251, 351, 651 Wolverkamp, H. P., 408, 410 Wood, D. W., 175 Wood, J. L., 552 Woodruff, L. C., 133, 135 Woods, W. C., 589 Woolcock, L. T., 142 Wotzel, F., 302 Woywod, D., 131 Wrede, F., 408 Wren, J. J., 658 Wright, D. W., 125 Wright, M., 549 Wright, R. H., 353 Wugmeister, M., 656 Wulff, V. J., 251 Wulker, W., 142 Wyatt, G. R., 56, 57, 141,472,473,475,659 Wyatt, I. J., 760

INDEX OF AUTHORS 793 Wyatt, S. S., 473 Wyman, R. J., 175

Yagi, N., 254 Yajima, H., 25, 26 Yamada, M., 309 Yamagisawa, K., 309 Yamaguchi, S., 549 Yamamoto, R. T., 307 Yamasaki, T., 60, 212 Yamashita, 0., 660 Yamazaki, M., 657 Yang, Y. J., 552 Yao, T., 652 Yashika, K., 142 Yeager, J. F., 465, 467, 468, 651 Yeoli, M., 754 Yinon, D., 255 Yokoyama, T., 135,468 Yorke, W., 543 Yoshida, K., 661 Yoshida, T., 549 Yoshitake, N., 26 Young, A. N., 127 Young, B., 248, 299, 347,468,473,748 Young R. G., 473 Young, W. C., 754 Yuill, J. S., 651

Yushima, T., 212

Zabinski, J., 543 Zaccharias, A., 543, 754 Zamecnik, P. C., 652 Zander, E., 142 Zavrel, J., 468, 754 Zawarzin, A., 209, 302, 468 Zebe, E., 173, 175, 177,659 Zeiser, T., 302, 351 Zeller, H., 468, 749 Zernoff, V., 468 Zerrahn, G., 251 Zerrahn-Wolf, G., 251 Zettler, F., 255 Zeuthen, E., 695 Zeutzschel, B., 252 Zeve, V. H., 551 Ziegler, H., 591 Ziegler, I., ( = Ziegler-Gunder), 591,659,

662 Zielinska, Z. M., 58 Zilch, A., 589 Zimmer, C., 754 Zimmermann, W. F., 255, 356 Zinsmeister, P. P., 763 Zwehl, V., 252 Zwicky, K., 142, 473, 659

GENERAL INDEX

Abax: protective secretion, 609 Abraxas: determination of wing pattern,

86; sex determination, 739 Absorption, 489 Acanthomyops: scent glands, 610 Acanthoscelides: copulation and fecundity,

724 Accessory glands, 701, 708 - hearts, 418 - substances in nutrition, 517, 521 - testis, 708 Acclimatization, 676 Acentropus: respiration of larva, 376; res

piratory function of blood, 388 Acetylcholine, 187, 188,200,423 Acherontia: sound production, 278; choice

of food plant, 286 Acheta: water uptake by egg,s; diapause,

17; moulting of adult organs, 70; autotomy, 108; diurnal activity rhythm, 343; lipid requirements, 5 19; temperature and rate of development, 690 (and see Gryllus)

Achorutes: luminescence, 45 I Achroea: number of instars, 63; control of

metamorphosis, 76; scent glands III

mating, 710 Acid gland of Hymenoptera, 441 Acidalia: flight, 165 - see Ptychopoda Acidia: lime in cuticle, 35; excretion, 560,

lime excretion, 560 Acilius: swimming, 161 ; dermallight sense,

245, 326; nitrogen excretion, 557; temperature and oxygen uptake of eggs, 684; temperature and rate of egg development, 685

Acone eyes, 220 Acrida: colour adaptation, 620 Acrididae: mechanism of moulting, 45:

phase change, 105; hearing, 272 sound production, 277; gregariou behaviour 323; phagocytic organs, 436; peritrophic membrane, 480; digestive enzymes, 502; digestion of leaves, 507; solar radiation and body temperature, 671; moisture and preferred temperature, 6i8; ootheca, 707; spermatophore, 7 I 2 ; sporadic parthenogenesis, 734

Acridioxanthin, 617 Acridium: auditory range, 274; peritrophic

membrane, 485; secretory changes in the mid-gut, 486

Acronycta: photoperiod and diapause, II3 Acrotrophic ovarioles, 701 Activation centre, 7 Adalia: Malpighian tubes, 574 Adaptation in the compound eye, 226 Adelges: pigments, 616 Adesmia: body temperature, 670; preferred

temperature, 678 Adhesive organs, 158 Adipocytes, 436 Aedes: waterproofing of egg, 2; diapause in

egg, 17; differentiation of eye, 84; diapause, II6; rate of wing beat, 165; hearing, 270; chemoreception, 284; fine structure of sensilla, 289; humidity receptors, 293; orientation in flight, 323; skototaxis, 325; orientation to sound, 330; location of host, 330; oviposition rhythm, 345; tracheal endings, 359; appearance of air in tracheae, 364; osmotic pressure of blood, 430; anal papillae in respiration, 376; fat body, 443; absorption in gut, 490; fine structure of mid-gut, 487; digestive enzymes, 488; anticoagulin, 500; absorption by Malpighian tubes, 505; salt uptake, SIS; use of sugars, 517; essential amino acids, 517; sterol requirements, 518; vitamin requirements, 520; nutritional requirements, 520; excretion, 554; nitrogen excretion, 557; ionic regulation, 573; uric acid in fat body, 579; fat, 594; glycogen in muscle, etc., 596; starvation of larva, 600; chemical changes during exertion, 601; storage in mid-gut cells, 603; melanin, 610; temperature adaptation, 677 ; temperature and rate of pupal development, 687; yolk formation, 704; nutrition and egg laying, 722; muscle autolysis and egg production, 723; corpora allata and yolk formation, 725

Aeroscopic plate, 387 Aeschna: blood pressure, 46; water loss at

moulting, 48; ventral glands and 795


Aeschna: continued moulting, 67; muscle structure, 148; properties of muscles, 152, 153; muscle chemistry, 156; phosphagen, 156; flight, 162; structure of ganglia, 179; reflexes, 192; circus movements, 196; ventral sympathetic system, 198; spectral sensitivity, 230, 233; colour vision, 234; perception of form, 235; movement perception, 238; flicker threshold, 238; distance perception, 239; flicker frequency, 238; nerve net at joints, 263; thigmotaxis, 3 I 3; optomotor response, 238; tracheal endings, 361; tracheal ventilation, 370; closed tracheal system, 378; control of respiratory movements, 398; heart, 41 I ;

mechanism of circulation, 417; automatism of heart, 421; haemolymph, 424; peritrophic membrane, 481, 484; rectal glands,s 15; nitrogen excretion, 557; absorption of chloride by hindgut, 573; temperature and metabolism, 683

Agapema: cyclic discharge of carbon dioxide 395

Agelastica: colour vision, 233; Malpighian tubes, 574; Malpighian tube secretion and progression, 576

Aglais: Purine excretion, 559 (and see Vanessa)

Agria: chemistry of haemolymph, 426; essential amino acids, 518; nutritional requirements, SZI; temperature adaptation,677

Agrion: hatching, 19; flight, 161, 164; distance perception, 240; ocelli, 243; responses to light, 3 18; tracheal gills, 377, 378

Agrionidae: mechanism of moulting, 45; autotomy and regeneration, 108; heart, 41 I; automatism of heart, 421

Agriotes: permeability of cuticle, 36; orientation, 330; extent of visible spectrum, 228; chemoreceptors, 287; humidity receptors, 293; hygrokinesis, 313 ; location of plant roots, 336; osmotic equilibrium, 667

Agriotypus: physical gill, 383 Agrotis: properties of flight muscles, 153;

hearing, 269; blood pigments, 614; respiratory quotient, 632; optimum temperature of development, 684; nutrition and fecundity, 721

Aiolopus: connective tissue, 439 Air movements, perception of, 258 -sacs, 371 - stores in aquatic insects, 161, 378 Akinesis, 3 I I

Albuminoid spheres, 445 Aleurochiton: seasonal dimorphism and

diapause, 105 Aleurodes: dorsal vessel, 413; heart valves,

414; haemocytes, 434; fat body, 442; parthenogenesis, 735

Aleurodidae: rate of egg development, 14; filter chamber, 492

Alimentary castration, 723 Allantoinase, 561 Allantoine excretion, 559 Alloeorhynchus: haemocoelic fecundation,

716 Allometric growth, 6z Alysia: sex ratio, 97; diapause, II7; token

stimuli, 336 Ambycorypha: auditory range, 274 Ametabola,7 I

Amico acids in the blood, 425 - excretion of, 557 Ammonia excretion, 556 Amnion, 12 Amniotic fluid, 19 Amphipyra: hearing, z73; thigmotaxis, 3 I 3 Amylase, 499, 503 Anabolia: osmoregulation, 433 Anabrus: lipids of epicuticle, 35 Anaerobic metabolism, 630 Anagasta: see Ephestia Anal papillae, 514 Anasa:chlorophyll derivatives as pigments,

61 5 Anatopynia: haemoglobin in respiration,

390; metabolism and oxygen tension, 629

Anax: determination of wing structure, 86; diapause, 115; rectal pressure, 160; flight, 166; equilibrium in flight, 167; motor and sensory nerve roots, 181; giant fibres, 188; facet size, 236; flicker threshold, 238; sensory hair plates, 268; dorsal light response, 326; automatism of heart, 421; respiratory quotient, 572

Andrena: sex reversal, 97 Androconia, 7 I I

Androgenesis, 719 Anemotaxis, 328 Anisolabis: ventral glands and moulting,

67; moulting of adult, 70; reversal of metamorphosis, 79; yolk formation, 704; corpora allata and yolk formation, 725

Anisops: haemoglobin in tracheal cells, 391, 447

Anisotarsis: hormones and water retention, 555

Anobiidae: symbionts, 522, 742; sound production, 276

GENERAL INDEX 797 Anobium: digestion of wood, 508; fungi in

digestion, 5 I 3; symbionts, 525 Anomala: metabolism in starvation, 600;

body temperature, 670 Anopheles: diapause, II 2; chemoreception,

284; temperature sense, 292; water loss from spiracles, 369; tracheal lungs, 388; ventral diaphragm, 417; automatism of heart, 422; control of heart beat, 423; peritrophic membrane, 482; divisions of the mid-gut, 490; anticoagulin, 500; salt uptake, 5 I 5 ; nitrogen excretion, 557; Malpighian tubes, 569; lethal temperature, 674; ovulation cycles, 706; temperature and fecundity, 720; nutrition and fecundity, 722; impregnation and fecundity, 724; corpus alIa tum and yolk formation, 725; gonotrophic dissociation, 728

Anophthalmus: dermal light sense, 244 Anoplura: symbionts, 522, 741; oogenesis,

70 3 Anosia: sense of taste in larva, 283; sense

of smell, 286 Antennae, function of, 257 - as organs of taste, 280, 283 - as organs of smell, 283 - as stimulatory organs, 3 I I

Antheraea: diapause development, 118; excretion, 556, 558; respiratory quotient in rest and flight, 632

Anthocoris: salivary secretion, 499 Anthocyanins, 615 Anthonomus: essential amino acids, 518;

ascorbic acid needs, 519; inositol, 520; lipids, 594; intermediary metabolism, 604; nutrition and egg production, 722

Anthophora: chemistry of haemolymph, 426

Anthoxanthins, 615 Anthraquinone pigments, 616 Anthrenus: peritrophic membrane, 485;

regeneration of mid-gut epithelium, 489; digestion of silk and ~eratin, 508; Malpighian tubes, 563

Anticoagulin, 500 Ants, see Formicidae Anurida: movement on water, 160; light

production, 45 I Aorta,4II Apanteles: determination in egg, 10; dia

pause, II 5; respiration of larva, 386; hydropic eggs, 728; polyembryony, 730

Aphanus: bacteria in gut, 510 Aphelocheirus: static organ, 267; dorsal

light response, 326; cross section of

tracheal system, 366; plastron respiration, 383; sense organ in tracheal system, 398

Aphelopus: cause of sex reversal, 97 Aphidae: polymorphism, 102; successive

induction of responses, 332; sip hunculi, 433 ; haemocytes, 436; giant cells, 440; oenocytes, 447; absorption in gut, 489; filter chamber, 494; faeces, 497; digestive enzymes, 499; salivary sheath, 500; symbionts, 522; excretion, 561; excretion by gut, 578; fat content, 594; pigments, 616; ovary, 700; nutrition and reproduction, 721; muscle autolysis and reproduction, 723; viviparity, 732; parthenogenesis, 736; sex determination, 739

Aphins, 616 Aphis: polymorphism, 102; antennal light

sense, 245; secretory changes in the mid-gut, 487; stylet sheath, 500; transglucosidase, 504; symbionts, 524; metabolism during flight, 602; body surface, 628; water loss in flight, 668; cyclical parthenogenesis, 736

Aphodius: water relations, 667 Aphrophora: foam secretion, 576; pigments

and symbionts, 616 Apical cells, 707 Apion: symbionts, 522, 741; Malpighian

tubes, 564 Apis: yolk cells, 6; differentiation centre,

9; stimulus to pupation, 68 ; metamorphosis, 78; caste determination, 99; muscles, 146; flight, 162; size of brain and mushroom bodies, 180; cholinesterase, 187; stinging reflex, 190; brain function, 195; neurosecretory cells, 198; ommatidial field of vision, 216; structure of retina, 221 ; electroretinogram, 225; adaptation in compound eye, 226; luminosity discrimination, 227; perception of ultra-violet, 227; apparent luminosity, 229; colour vision, 230; perception of form, 234; visual acuity, 236; flicker frequency, 239; perception of polarized light, 240; ocelli, 244; Johnston's organ, 262; gravity perception, 266; hearing, 274; sound production, 278; sense of taste, 279; sense of smell, 285, 288; plate organs, 289; fine structure of sensilla, 289; humidity sense, 293; function of ocelli, 3 I I; phototaxis, 320; speed of flight, 323; menotactic responses, 325; tropic response to odours, 327; succession of duties, 332; orientation to hive, 333; bee dances, 335; learning, 338 ; memory for time, 339; astronomical

THE PRINCIPLES OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY

Apis: continued navigation, 340; air sacs, 359; tracheal endings, 360; respiratory function of blood, 389; dorsal vessel, 41 I; mechanism of circulation, 416; accessory hearts, 418; automatism of heart, 421; circulation in wings, 420; haemolymph, 424; blood coagulation, 438; haemocytes, 434; fat body, 443; oenocytes, 449; crop, 478; peritrophic membrane, 480; lime in mid-gut cells, 490; rectal glands, 495; faeces, 497; salivary glands, 501; pH in gut, 502; digestive enzymes, 502; digestion of pollen, 506; water requirements, 513; available sugars, 516; essential amino acids, 516; excretion, 561; Malpighian tubes during metamorphosis, 577; urate cells, 579; carbohydrate metabolism, 595; respiratory quotient, 632; metabolism during activity, 626; protein metabolism, 597; chemical changes during growth, 598; starvation metabolism, 600; venom, 606; cytochrome, 624; temperature regulation, 672; resistance to low temperatures, 679; temperature and metabolism, 682; queen substance, 710; sperm, 714; fertilization, 716; number of sperm, 717; storage of sperm, 719; queen substance and ovary development, 726; sex determination, 740

Apodemes, 150 Apparent luminosity, 228 Apposition eyes, 218 Aquatic insects, respiration of, 376 - plants and respiration, 384 Araecerus: cryptonephridial tubes, 563;

leptophragmata, 574 Araschnia: seasonal dimorphism, 105 Arctia: venom, 608 Arctias: ventral diaphragm, 417; scent

glands in mating, 710 Argynnis: diapause in egg, 14 j colour

vision, 230; ommochrome, 616; temperature regulation, 671; courtship and mating, 709

Aristopedia, I I 1

Aromia: salicylic acid excretion, 608 Arrest of development in egg, 14 - of growth, I I I

Arthropodin, 33 Ascalaphus: pterine pigments, 612 Ascorbic acid, 519 Aspidiotus: alimentary canal, 494; migra

tion of sperm, 718 Association learning, 337 - neurones, 179

Asthenobiosis, 116 Astronomical navigation, 340 Athermobiosis, 116 Atrichopogon: tracheal gills, 377 Atta: scent glands, 610 Attacus: oestrogen content, 98, 726;

haemolymph, 425; riboflavine, 613; metabolism in pupa, 635

Attagenus: wool digestion, 509; vitamin requirements, 520; sterol needs, 519; excretion, 557

Auchmeromyia: excretion, 560 Auditory range, 274 Austroicetes: diapause, 118; water ex-

changes in egg, 666 Automatism of heart, 421 Automeris: dance-like movements, 42 I Automixis, 734 Autonomous gene action, 89 Autotomy, 108 Avoiding reaction, 316 Axial gradients, I I I

Axon, 178

Bacillus: precocious metamorphosis, 77 Bacteria, role in digestion, 509 - in nutrition, 521 Baetis: number of instars, 63; gills and

respiration, 377; pulse rate, 42 I ;

oxygen uptake, 629; thermal death point, 674

Balancers, 268 Bar eye, 91 Barathra: diapause, 115, 118 Bateson's law, 109 Behaviour, 310 Belonogaster: extra-intestinal digestion,

505 Belostoma: pleuropodia, 17; adaptation in

compound eye, 226; automatism of heart, 421; divisions of mid-gut, 491; sexual scents, 710

Bembex: temperature and activity, 676 Berlese, organ of, 716 Bibio: corneal facets, 236 Biliverdin, 442; 559, 578, 581, 614 Binucleate eggs, 89, 93 Biston: diapause, 118 Blaberus: neurosecretion, 199; rhodopsin,

222; stretch receptors, 265; nerves to spiracles, 367; control of spiracles, 393; haemocytes, 434; carbohydrases, 50 4

Blaps: sensory root of ganglia, 181; Mal-pighian tubes, 566; spermatheca, 70 I

Blastoderm, 6 Blastokinesis, 12 Blastothrix: respiration of larva, 386

GENERAL INDEX 799 Blatta: mesocuticle, 28; hardening of

ootheca, 34, 706; site of oxygen uptake, 366; circulation in legs,420;immunity, 437; oenocytes, 445; fore-gut, 479; nitrogen excretion, 5 15; nutrition, 515; symbionts, 522,741; urate cells, 579; Malpighian tubes, 57 I, 577; wax glands, 606; specific dynamic action of protein, 626; anaerobic metabolism, 630; surface law, 628; water loss by spiracles, 665; lethal temperature, 673; preferred temperature, 678; chill coma, 677; resistance to low temperature, 679; yolk formation, 704

Blattella: respiration in the egg, 3; growth ratio, 61; number of instars, 70; regeneration, 108; dermal light sense, 244; hearing, 269; humidity receptors, 293; learning, 338; circulation in wing, 421; haemocytes, 434; digestive enzymes, 499; pH in gut, 502; essential amino acids, 517; sterol needs, 5 I 8; vitamin requirements, 520; symbionts in nutrition, 526; excretion, 561; storage excretion, 579; fat metabolism, 595; silk secretion by cerci, 604; body surface, 628; temperature adaptation, 677, 683; ootheca, 706; feeding in courtship, 71 I; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 725

Blattidae; ootheca, I, 706; oxygen supply to the egg, 2; pleuropodia, 17

Bledius: gravity perception, 265 Blepharoceridae: ventral papillae, 379, 5 I 5 Blood, 424 - cells and wound healing, 109 - coagulation, 438 - gills, 376, 385 - pressure, 46, 416 - respiratory function of, 388 - sugar, 426, 595 Blood-sucking insects, saliva of, 500 Body temperature, 669 Bolitophila: luminescence, 452 Bombus: chronaxie, 154; flight, 165; sound

production, 278; use of landmarks, 338; compression in tracheae, 370; haemolymph, 424; peritrophic membrane, 484; flavone pigment, 616; body temperature, 671; yolk formation, 703; mating scent, 710

Bombylius: colour vision, 230 Bombyx: waterproofing of egg, 2; diapause

in egg, voltinism, 14, 1I5; chitinase, 43; growth ratio, 61; Dyar's rule, 61; number of instars, 63; moulting hormone, 65; neurosecretion, 66; thoracic gland, 67, 201; control of metamorphosis, 79; hereditary gynandromor-

phism, 93; secondary sexual characters, 94; control of muscle tonus, 189; oviposition reflex, 191; brain and oviposition, 195; chemoreceptors, 282; food-plant recognition, 283; sense of smell, 286; orientation by smell, 286; electric recordings from olfactory sensilla, 290; cocoon spinning, 33 I; spiracles, 370; tracheation of heart, 388; valves of heart, 414; blood circulation, 416; ventral diaphragm, 417; blood vessels in head, 418; thoracic pulsatile organ, 420; pulse rate, 421; reversal of heart-beat, 422; nerve supply to heart, 423; haemolymph, 424; osmotic pressure, 431; haemocytes, 434; fat body, 443; fat body metabolism, 446; oenocytes, 449; peritrophic membrane, 484; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; glycogen in mid-gut, 490; faeces, 497; digestive enzymes, 502; proteases, 504; nitrogen excretion, 557; purine metabolism, 559; urea formation, 561; striated border of Malpighian tubes, 567; silk glands and excretion, 577; urates in epidermis, 579; fat metabolism, 593; distribution of glycogen, 596; glycogen formation, 596; protein metabolism, 597; silk secretion, 597; metabolism in the egg, 598; chemical changes in larva, 599; silk, 604; pteridine pigments, 613; cocoon colours, 614; flavones, 616; ommochromes, 616; water loss by spiracles, 665; temperature and rate of development, 688; spermatozoa, 708; scent glands in mating, 710; androgenic hybrids, 719; corpus alia tum and egg production, 726

Borkhausenia: Malpighian tubes, 572, 575 Brachinus: defensive secretion, 608 Bracon: resistance to cold, 681 Braconidae: respiration of larva, 385;

caudal vesicle, 5 I 5 Brain: 181,194 - role in metamorphosis, 68, 117 Brain hormone, 66 Brevicoryne: polymorphism, 104; food

plant recognition, 283; nitrogen excretion, 556; nutrition and fecundity, 721

Brochosomes, 559, 569 Bromius: symbionts, 742 Bruchus: activation centre, 7; determina

tion in egg, I I; Malpighian tubes, 574; humidity and pupal development, 664; cold resistance, 680; nutrition and fecundity, 721

Buenoa: haemoglobin in tracheal cells, 447


Bupalus: diapause, 115; copulation and fecundity, 724

Buprestidae: secretory layer of cuticle, 38; spiracles and water loss, 369

Bursa copulatrix, 701 Byrsotria: carbohydrases, 504; corpus alla

tum and female sex attractant, 726

Caenis: campaniform sensilla on gills, 259; oxygen consumption, 626; thermal death point, 675

Calandra: histology during metamorphosis, 72; histolysis, 74; campaniform sensilla on wings, 259; orientation by moving stripes, 323; heart, 412; oenocytes, 447; proventriculus, 479; symbionts, 522; water content, 663; loss of water from eggs, 665; water and fecundity, 721

Calcospherites, 560, 572, 581 Calliphara: metallic colours, 39 Calliphora: cleavage, 6; hatching, 19; com-

position of cuticle, 44; hardening of puparium, 34; cuticular wax, 37; cuticulin layer, 40; waterproofing, 44; absorption of cuticle, 44; mechanism of emergence from pupa, 47; hormone controlling cuticle tanning, 47; pupation hormone, 65; ring gland, 66; neurosecretion, 67; ecdyson, 7 I ; histolysis, 74; juvenile hormone, 78; prepupal cuticle, 82; eye colour, 90; antibar substance, 91; structure of myofibrils, 149; chronaxie, 154; muscle chemistry, 156; phosphagen, 156; click mechanism, 163; fusion of sensory axons, 179; neurosecretory cells, 199; secretion of corpus cardiru;um, 199; ommatidial field of vision, 2 I {); diffraction images, 220; retinal responses, 225; visual responses of larvae, 226; apparent luminosity, 228; spectral sensitivity, 229, 234; visual acuity, 238; coupling of ommatidia, 238; perception of polarized light, 241 ; function of ocelli, 244; Johnston's organ, 263; postural hairs, 264; sound production, 278; sense of taste, 279; tarsal sense of taste, 280; campaniform sensiIIa on halteres, 259; chemoreceptors on labellum, 282; fine structure of sensiIIa, 289; halteres, 268, 3 I 2; chemoreceptors, 287; orientation by smell, 328; habituation, 337; air sacs, 372; fat body, 445; oenocytes, 451; crop, 477; peritrophic membranes, 481; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; protease secretion in mid-gut, 488; mid-

gut during metamorphosis, 489; divisions of mid-gut, 490; rectal glands, 495, SIS; digestive enzymes, 499; protease properties, 504; extra-intestinal digestion, 506; available sugars,s 16; transamination, 517; excretion, 556; fat metabolism, 593; effect of temperature on phosphatides, 595; carbohydrate metabolism, 596; chemical changes during growth, 599; chemical changes during exertion, 602; melanin inpuparium, 61 I; ommochromes, 616; respiratory metabolism of pupa, 634; thermal death point, 675; temperature adaptation, 683; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 725; hormones and reproduction, 727; ovoviviparity, 730

Calliptamus: solar radiation and body temperature, 671

Callosamia: sense of smell, 284; scent glands in mating, 710

Callosobruchus: sterol requirements,s I 8 Calopteryx: chronaxie, 154 Calosoma: defensive secretion, 609 Calotermes: caste determination, 101; peri-

trophic membrane, 484; hormones and reproduction, 727

Calpodes: wax canal filaments, 4 I Campaniform sensiIIa, 258 Campodea: dorsal organ,s; tracheal sys

tem, 357; absence of oenocytes, 447; water uptake, 667; spermatophore, 712

Camponotus: activation centre, 7; differentiation centre 9; cibarium function, 479; symbionts, 522, 741; resistance to cold, 68 I ; absorption of oocytes, 730

Cantharidin, 608 Cantharis: retinal image, 220 Carabidae: hatching-spines, 18; cuticle,

29; locomotion, 157; orientation, 3 17; crop, 478; rectal glands, 494; digestive enzymes, 505; extra-intestinal digestion, 506; excretion, 554; defensive secretions, 609

Carabus: hibernation, 112; sensory root of ganglia, 181; circus movements, 196; spectral sensitivity, 229, 233; discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; rectal glands, 495; riboflavine, 613; seasonal rhythm of reproduction, 728

Caradrina: blood pigments, 614 Carausius: regulation in egg, II; deter

mination of compound eye, 13; loss of water at moulting, 49; growth ratio, 62; moulting hormone, 64; corpora allata, 79; corpora allata and metamorphosis, 79; gynandromorphs, 94; wound healing, 107; homoeosis, 110; motor nerve endings, 153; muscle

GENERAL INDEX 801

tonus, 155; falling reflex, 159; control of muscle tonus, 189; peripheral inhibition, 189 ; co-ordination of walking, 193; circus movements, 196; neurohumours, 200; movements of retinal pigment, 224; apparent luminosity, 228; colour vision, 233; ommatidial angle, 237; flicker frequency, 239; gravity perception, 266; catalepsy, 314; menotaxis, 321, 323; diurnal rhythms of colour change, activity and hatching, 341; tracheal ventilation, 370; carbon dioxide elimination by skin, 375; control of respiratory movements, 397; respiratory centres, 398; nerve cells of heart, 423; haemolymph, 424; chemistry of haemolymph, 428; osmotic pressure of blood, 430; peritrophic membrane, 484; pH in gut, 502; digestion of leaves, 507; rectal reabsorption, 555; purine excretion, 559; ionic regulation, 573; metabolism in the egg, 598; pigments and colour change, 621; insectoverdin, 614; temperature and metabolism, 685; corpus allatum and egg production, 726; parthenogenesis, 735

Carbohydrate metabolism, 595 Carbohydrates in nutrition, 516 Carbon dioxide, elimination of, 375,

39 1

Cardiac sphincter, 477 Carnitine, 521 Carotene-albumens, 614 Carotinoid pigments, 614 Carpocapsa: eye colour, 90; diapause; 114;

pigment movements in retina, 224; (and see Cydia)

Cassida: symbionts, 742 Castes, 99, 101 Cataclysta: Malpighian tubes, 574 Catalase, 625 Catalepsy, 314 Cataphractus: diapause, 114 Caterpillars: mechanism of crawling, 157;

defaecation and other reflexes, 190; co-ordination of crawling, 194; stemmata and visual acuity, 241; dermal light sense, 244; campaniform organs, 260; nerve net, 263; hearing, 269; sense of taste, 279; thigmotaxis, 3 I 3; 'death feigning' and 'warning attitudes', 3 14; menotaxis, 322; skototaxis, 325; diffusion theory, 366; haemolymph, 424; peri trophic membrane, 480; pH of gut contents, 502; digestive enzymes, 503; digestion of leaves, 506; excretion, 554; Malpighian tubes during moulting, 577; urates in epi-

dermis, 579; silk secretion, 604; urticating hairs, 608

Catocala: hearing, 269, 273 Caudal sympathetic system, 198 - vesicle, 386 Cecidomyidae: alternation of generations,

740

Celerio: hormones and growth of ovaries, 64; control of metamorphosis, 65; hormones and ovarial development, 83; development of hybrids, 92; diapause, I 13; colour vision, 232; haemolymph, 425, 427; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; absorption, 489; digestive enzymes, 503; excretion, 555; chemical changes during growth, 599; starvation metabolism, 600; tissue respiration, 625; oxygen uptake during activity, 627; respiratory metabolism in pupa, 634; metabolism during diapause, 634; pupal metabolism, 635; temperature during flight, 670; migration of sperm, 715

Cellulase, 507 Cement layer, 28, 31, 35, 41 Cephalic excretory organs, 578 Cephus: diapause, 113, 119; thoratic gland

activity, 67, 68; cellulase, 507 Cerambycidae: cleaning movements, 191;

symbionts, 522 Cerambyx: digestion of wood, 507; lime

excretion, 560, 576 Cerapteryx: movements of retinal pigment,

223 Ceratopogon: stemmata, 241 Cercopidae; filter chamber, 492; Malpi

ghian tubes, 563; foam production, 576

Cercopis: composition of cuticle, 33 Cercus, 188, 257 Ceromasia: ostial valves, 414 Ceroplatus: luminescence, 452; Malpighian

tubes, 563 Cetonia: flight, 161; respiratory move

ments during flight, 372; excrement, 498 ; bacteria in digestion, 5 I I

Cetoniinae: retinal image, 220; Malpighian tubes, 562

Chaetopletus: Dyar's rule, 61 Chalcidae: respiration of larvae, 386; labial

glands, 604 Chaoborus: see Corethra Cheirochela: plastron respiration, 383 Chelonus: diapause, 115 Chemical products of insects, 604 - senses, 279 Chemo-receptive sensilla, 286 Chermes: cyclical parthenogenesis, 736 Chill coma, 676


Chimabache: oesophageal invagination, 483 Chironomidae : appearance of air in

trachea, 363; haemoglobin in blood, 427; resistance to high temperature, 605

Chironomus: activation centre, 7; permeability of cuticle, 38; sex reversal, 94, 97; chronaxie, 154; dermal light sense, 244; Johnson's organ, 262; emergence rhythm, 343; respiration of larva, 376; haemoglobin in respiration, 389; heart valves, 414; automatism of heart, 421 ; pH of blood, 429; phagocytic tissue, 436; oenocytes, 449; peri trophic membrane, 481; secretory changes in midgut, 486; absorption from rectum, 496, 514; pH in gut, 502; chloride uptake, 514; excretion, 555; Malpighian tubes, 566; bile pigments, 615; oxygen uptake, 629; anaerobic metabolism, 630; respiratory quotient, 632; thermal death point, 674

Chitin, 31, 32, 484 Chitosan, 32 Chlaenius: defensive secretion, 609 Chlorion: temperature and activity, 676 Chlorochroa; cold resistance, 680 Chlorophanus: optomotor response, 324 Chlorophyll in blood, 427 - derivatives, 615 - digestion of, 506 Cholesterol, 5 I 8 Cholinesterase, 150, 187 Chordotonal sensilla, 270 Chorion, I, 704 Chorionin, I

Choriothete, 20 Choristoneura: humidity responses, 330;

temperature preference, 678 Chorthippus: gonads and mating, 709 Chortophaga: oxygen uptake in the egg, 16;

tracheal ventilation, 373; carbon di-oxide elimination, 375; haemolymph, 429; ions and heart-beat, 429; fat metabolism, 594; anaerobic metabolism, 630; respiratory quotient, 632; respiratory metabolism in egg, 633; water content, 663; water balance, 665; cold resistance, 679; spermatozoa, 708; fertilization, 716

Chromatic spheres, 72, 73 Chromidia, 703 Chromogens, 610 Chronaxie, 154 Chrysalis oil, 593 Chrysididae: metallic colours, 39 Chrysiridia: metamorphosis, 68 Chrysomela: colour vision, 233 Chrysomelidae: hatching spines, 18; moult-

ing glands, 43 ; locomotion, 157; colour vision, 233; Malpighian tubes, 563; fertilization, 718; viviparity, 732; symbionts, 742

Chrysopa: organization in egg, 9; determination of germ layers, 13; flight, 166; oesophageal invagination, 484; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; absorption, 489; rectal glands, 495; extra-intestinal digestion, 506; silk production, 576; silk secretion in egg stalk, 606; insectoverdin, 615; seasonal colour change, 622

Chrysops: digestive enzymes, 500, 503 Cicadidae: fibrillar muscles, 147; tym

panal organs, 272; sound production, 278; filter chamber, 492

Cicadulina: salivary sheath, 500 Cicindela: cuticle structure, 3 I; retinene,

222; distance perception, 240; stemmata of larva, 243; temperature and activity, 676

Cicindelidae: secretory layer of cuticle, 31; extra-intestinal digestion, 506

Cimbex: homoeosis, 110; 'reflex bleeding', 433; striated border of intestine, 485

Cimex: moulting hormone, 65, 68; moulting of adult, 70; control of metamorphosis, 79; prothetely and control of metamorphosis, 81; wound healing, 107; temperature sense, 292; thigmotaxis, 3 13; orientation by temperature, 326; sodium-potassium ratio, 429; haemocytes, 434, 436; absorption, 489; divisions of mid-gut, 491; hind-gut, 496; anticoagulin, 500; symbionts, 522; excretion, 553; water balance, 665; chill coma, 676; temperature adaptation, 683; transfer of sperm, 712; sperm migration, 716; fertilization, 717; absorption of excess sperm, 7 I 9; nutrition and fertility, 720; nutrition and fecundity, 722; impregnation and fecundity, 723; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 724; ovoviviparity, 730

Cionus: anthocyanin in fat body, 581, 615 Circulatory system, 41 I Circus movements, 196, 318 Citric acid cycle, 604, 623 Cladius: Dyar's rule, 61 Clania: heat balance, 670 Cleavage,S - centre, 7 Click mechanism, 163 Cloeon: respiratory centres, 190; cleaning

reflexes, 191; circus movements, 196; phototaxis, 3 I 8; dorsal light reflex, 326; tracheal gills, 377; respirators,

GENERAL INDEX

centres, 399; heart valves, 413; ventral diaphragm, 417; pulse rate, 421; carbon dioxide and heart beat, 422; peritrophic membrane, 481; oxygen uptake, 629; thermal death point, 675; viviparity, 732

Closed tracheal system, 376, 378 Cnidocampa: frost resistance, 68 I Coccidae: pupal stages, 82; haemocytes,

435; filter chamber, 493; faeces, 497; viviparity, 732

Coccinella: flight, 165; luminosity discrimination, 227; perception of form, 234; menotaxis, 323, 325; circulation in wings, 420; 'reflex bleeding', 433; striated border of Malpighian tubules, 567; carotinoid pigments, 614

Cockroach, see Blatta, Blattella, Periplan-eta, &c.

Cocoons, darkening of, 6 I I

- softening of, 506 Coelopa: visual acuity, 236 Coenonympha: flavones, 616 Colchicine, I I I

Cold hardiness, 677 Colias: flight, 165; green colour, 615 Collagen, digestion of, 508 Collegenase, 508 Collembola: dorsal organ, 5; leaping, 159;

stemmata, 241; taste, 279; temperature sense, 292; tracheal system, 357; luminescence, 45 I; labial kidneys, 578; excretion by gut, 578; urate cells, 579; spermatophore, 7 I 2

Colour change, 018 - vision, 230, 241 Columbicula: responses to contact, 330 Compound eye, 215, 310

Compsilura: heart valves, 414 Conditioned responses, 336 Connective tissue, 438 Co-ordinating centres, 190 Co-ordination of walking, 192 Copper in insects, 389 Coptosoma: micro-organisms and nutri

tion, 525; transmission of symbionts, 742

Corcyra: vitamin requirements, 520; kynurenine, 617

Corethra: hydrostatic organs, 160, 384; neurosecretion, 199; corpus cardiacum, 199; blood gills, 376; dorsal vessel, 411, 414; pulse rate, 421; automatism of heart, 422; haemocytes, 433; secretion in mid-gut 487; digestive enzymes, 499; pigment migration, 622; temperature adaptation, 677; larval nutrition and fecundity, 723

Corixa: pigment movements in retina, 222;

Johnston's organ, 263; tympanal organs, 273; stridulation, 277; chemoreceptors, 281; respiration through skin, 377; function of air store, 381; control of respiratory movements, 397 ; salivary secretion, 499; rectal glands, 515

Corizus: salivary secretion, 499 Cornea, 215 Corpus allatum, 68, 76, 200, 201 - and reproduction, 724, 728 - cardiacum, 66, 199 - luteum, 705 Cortical layer, 5 Cossus: ventilation of tracheae, 370; func

tion of alary muscles, 42 I; haemolymph, 425; digestion of wood, 508; cellulose fermentation, 5 I2; utilization of fat, 599; mandibular gland secretion, 606

Coxelmis: plastron respiration, 383 Crambus: Dyar's rule, 6 I Crawling of larvae, 157 Creatine excretion, 559 Cricket, see Acheta, Gryllus, Liogryllus, &c. Crioceris: hearing, 269 Critical period in moulting and pupation

69 - - in wing development, 87 - temperature in cuticle, 36 Crop, 477 Cryptobiosis, 669 Cryptocerus: digestion of wood, 507; flagel

lates in digestion, 5 12; anaerobiosis, 630; respiratory quotient, 632

Cryptochaetum: carbon dioxide, elimination by skin, 375; respiration of larva, 385, 386; extra-intestinal digestion, 505; nutrition, 515; excretion, 560

Cryptonephridial tubes, 563, 573 Cryptotympana: ocelli and circus flight,

244; eyes as stimulatory organs, 3 I I ;

phototaxis, 320; accessory hearts, 420 Cryptus: diapause, 113 Crystalline cone, 215 Ctenocephalus: Malpighian tubes, 564 Ctenolepisma: neurosecretion, 67; juvenile

hormone, 79; cellulase, 507; sterol needs, 518

Ctenophora: tracheal lungs, 388; heart valves, 414

Culex: egg shell, I ; water uptake by egg, 5; activation centre, 7; pole cells, 10; brain and development of embryo, 69; flight, 165; movements of rhabdom, 222; facet size, 236; chordotonal organs, 261; chemoreception, 284; humidity sense, 293; heart valves, 414; haemolymph, 425, 429; osmotic


Culex: continued pressure of blood, 430; fat body, 445; oenocytes, 450; divisions of mid-gut, 490; absorption, 490; anticoagulin, 500; salt uptake, 514; vitamin requirements, 521; nitrogen excretion, 557; Malpighian tubes, 566; urates in fat body, 579; metabolism during hibernation, 600; metabolism during exertion, 602; preferred temperature, 675; spermatheca, 701; nutrition and fecundity, 722; larval nutrition and fecundity, 723; gonotrophic dissociation, 728; parthenogenesis, 734

Culicidae: hearing, 270; moulting of tracheae, 365; blood gills, 376; perispiracular glands, 380; cutaneous respiration of larvae, 384; 'tracheal lungs', 388; control of respiration, 398; oenocytes, 450; crop, 477; peritrophic membrane, 484; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; hind-gut, 497; excretion, 553

Culicoides: sense organs in swallowing, 477 Cutaneous respiration, 376, 384 Cuticle, 27 Cuticular gills, 379 Cuticulin, 28, 35, 40, 45 1 Cybister: tracheal ventilation, 37 I Cydia: diapause, 114, II7; undercooling

temperatue, 680 (and see Carpocapsa, Grapholitha)

Cynipidae: seasonal dimorphism, 101; oenocytes, 449; venom, 607; cyclical parthenogenesis, 736

Cynips: yolk formation, 704 Cynomyia: perception of flavour, 285 ; learn

ing,337 Cytochrome, 623, 634

Dactylopius: digestive enzymes, 500 Dacus: bacteria in nutrition, 522; sperma

theca, 70 I; attraction to essential oils, 710; stridulation in mating, 709

Dahlbominus: temperature adaptation, 677 Dalton's law, 664 Danainae: androconia, 7 I I

Danais: hearing in larva, 269; tarsal sense of taste, 280, 283; metabolism during flight, 602

Daphnis: wing-beat frequency, 166; choice of food plant, 286

Datana: hearing in larva, 269 Dasyphora: ovoviviparity, 731 Deaminase, 561 Death feigning, 314 Decticus: absolute muscular power, 151;

properties of muscles, 151; tympanal

organs, 271; sound production, 277; diurnal rhythm, 341; digestive enzymes,503

Dehydrogenase, 623 Deilephila: see Celerio Delias: pigments, 617 Delphacidae: sex reversal, 97 Dendrite, 178 Dendroides: micro-organisms in nutrition,

521 Dendrolimus: diapause, 114 Deporaus: brain size, 182 Dermal glands, 27, 31,41 -light sense, 244 Dermestes: number of instars, 63; humid

ity receptors, 293; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; essential amino acids, 5 17; sterol requirements, 5 18; vitamin needs, 521; cryptonephridial tubes, 563; leptophragmata, 574; water and fecundity, 721; fat metabolism, 595; metabolic water, 667

Desiccation, resistance to, 668 Determination of appendages, 84 - in the egg, 10, 12 - in post-embryonic development, 83 - of regenerating organs, 108 - of sex, 93 - of wing structure and pattern, 85 Deuterophlebia: cuticular gills of pupa, 379 Development of tracheal system, 362 Developmental zero, 686 Diadromus: absorption of oocytes, 727 Diamphidia: arrow poison, 608 Diapause, 14, I II, 728 - development, 117 - of egg, 14 - factor, 117 - hormone, IS - metabolism during, 635 Diaphanol, 32 Diastole, 416 Diataraxia: pore canals, 31; cement layer,

35; diapause, 113 Dicranura: moulting hormone and colour

change, 69; carbon dioxide elimination, 375; absence of digestive enzymes, 503; secretion of potassium hydroxide, 506; formic acid secretion, 609; ommochromes, 616

Dictyophorus: 'reflex bleeding', 433 Dictyoploca: cuticular wax, 37 Differentiation centre, 9 Diffraction images, 220 Diffusion control, 367 - theory of respiration, 366, Digestion, 476 - of leaves and pollen, 506 - of wood, 507

GENERAL INDEX 805 Dineutes: phototaxis, 320; learning, 337 Dinocampus: growth of egg after oviposi-

tion, 5 Dioptric apparatus, 216 Diparopsis: diapause development, II 8 Diplazon: diapause, II5, venom, 606 Diploptera: pleuropodia and nourishment

of embryo, 732 Distance perception, 239 Diurnal rhythms, 341 Dixippus: see Carausius Dociostaurus: regulation in egg, II Dolycoris: saliva, 499; ~alivary glands and

excretion, 578 Donacia: structure of cocoon, 42; respira

tion of larva, 384; symbionts, 522; Malpighian tubes, 575

Donus: silk sec'retion in Malpighian tubules 576

Dopa-oxidase, 610 Doralis: honey dew, 494; nitrogen fixation,

524 Dorcus: bacteria in digestion, 5 I I

Dorlancy, 17, II I -in the egg, 17 Dorsal light reflex, 325 -vessel, 41 I Double monsters, I I

Doyere's cones, ISO, 179 Dragon-fly, see Aeschna, Libellula, &c. Dromius: Malpighian tubes, 569 Drosophila: vitelline membrane, 3 ; chromo-

somes and cleavage, 7; pole cells, 10; polar granules, 10; determination in egg, 10, 11,75; ring gland, 65; corpus allatum and metamorphosis, 78; differentiation of bristles and compound eye, 84; determination of genital ducts, 83; determination of appendages, 85 ; determination of facet number, 88; phenocopies, 91; 'lethal giant' strain, 92; sex determination 93, 96; gynandromorphs, 93; hereditary homoeosis, I I I ; control of pupal development, 82; ring gland, 68, 92; imaginal determination, 75; rate genes, 88; 'giant' strain, 89; eye colour, 90, 616; somatic induction, 92; 'bar' mutant, 91; pole cells, 94; neuropile, 178; rate of wing-beat, 165 ; neurosecretory cells, 199; retinular structure and pigments, 22 I; luminosity discrimination, 227; perception of ultraviolet, 227; apparent luminosity, 229; colour vision, 233; visual acuity, 236; ocelli, 244, 3 10; campaniform organs, 258; chordontonal organs, 26 I ; tarsal sense of taste, 280, 282; sense of smell, 285, 289; humidity receptors, 293; optomotor

responses, 322; orientation by smell, 328; habituation, 337; diurnal rhythm of emergence, 343; diffusion in tracheoles, 367; function of air sacs, 373; spiracular glands, 380; accessory hearts in the wing, 419; chemistry of haemolymph, 425; osmotic pressure in haemolymph, 430; pH of blood, 429; ionic regulation, 43 I; haemocytes, 434; resistance to parasites, 438; crystal cells, 436, 439; fat body, 444; larval fat body, 446; oesophageal invagination, 480; peritrophic membrane, 48 I, 486; divisions of mid-gut, 491; salivary cement, 500; salt requirements, 513, 515; vitamin requirements, 518, 519; use of sugars, 5 17; essential amino acids,s 17; purine excretion, 559; Malpighian tubes, 564, 565; lipids, 593; distribution of glycogen, 596; chemical changes during exertion, 60 I; melanin formation, 6 I I ; eye pigments, 6 I 3 ; ommochromes, 616; oxidizing system in pupa, 624; oxygen consumption, 626; metabolism during flight, 627; metabolism and surface area, 628; respiratory quotient, 632; response to humidity, 669; temperature and oxygen uptake, 684; alternating temperatures and development, 687, 689; yolk formation, 704; formation of egg membranes, 704; spermatozoa, 708; mating scent, 711; transfer of sperm, 712; fertilization, 7 I 8; temperature and fertility, 720; larval nutrition and fecundity, 723 ; impregnation and fecundity, 723; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 725; sex determination, 688

Dufour's gland, 607 Dyar's rule, 61 Dyes excretion of, 572 Dyschirius: gravity perception, 265 Dysdercus: secretion in mid-gut, 487; sali-

vary secretion, 499; stylet sheath, 500; dipeptidase, 505

Dytiscidae: regeneration, 109; swimming, 161

Dytiscus: egg membranes, 3, 4; hatching, 18; muscles, 147; properties of muscles, 152; muscle biochemistry, 156; adhesive organs, 159; motor and sensory roots of ganglia, 180; brain size, 182; potential changes in ganglia, 186; plasticity of responses, 191 ; circus movements, 196; function of frontal ganglion, 197; potential changes in optic nerve, 226; luminosity curve, 201 ; visual acuity, 235; flicker frequency, 239; dermal light sense, 245, 326;


Dytiscus: continued campaniform sensilla, 259; stretch receptors, 265; sense of gravity, 266; sense of taste, 280; sense of smell, 285, 287; optomotor response, 322; dorsal lig{lt reflex, 326; learning, 338; tracheae, 359; diffusion theory, 326; tracheal ventilation, 370; elimination of carbon dioxide by the skin, 375 ; hydrofugecuticle, 380; airstore, 381; respiratory function of blood, 389; control of respiration, 398; dorsal vessel, 413; mechanism of circulation, 4 I 6; circulation in wings, 420; automatism of heart, 42 I ; haemolymph, 429; osmotic pressure of blood, 430; haemocytes and encystment of parasites, 437; fat body, 442; oenocytes, 447; secretory changes in mid-gut, 488; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; rectal ampulla, 496; proteases, 503; extra-intestinal digestion, 505; nitrogen excretion, 557; adenase and guanase, 561; Malpighian tubes, 564; urates in fat body, 579; starvation metabolism, 600; protective secretion, 609; temperature and metabolism, 683; temperature and rate of development, 688; mating, 709; spermatophore, 714; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 725; suspended reproduction, 728

Dzierzon's law, 740

Earwig, see Forficula Ecdyonurus: oxygen consumption, 626 Ecdysial fluid, 43 -line, 45 - membrane, 45 Ecdysis, 39 Ecdyson,71 Eclosion rhythms, 343 Ecto-hormones, 101 Egg-cap, 18 Egg, development in, 1 Elateridae: leaping, 159 Electrocardiogram, 417 Electroretinogram, 225 Elenchinus: halteres, 3 I I

Eleodes: defensive secretion, 608 Elmis: function of air store, 381, 383 Eltringham's organ, 258 Embia: silk glands, 605 Embioptera: silk secretion, 604 Embryonic cuticle, 18 - development, 13 Empidae: feeding habits during mating,

7I1; silk secretion, 604 Empoasca: saliva, 499

Empodia, 159 Encyrtus: respiration of larva, 386; poly-

embryony, 730 Endochorion, I

Endocrine glands, 198 Endocuticle, 28 Endopterygota, 7 I Enellagma: gills and respiration, 378 Entimus: metallic colours, 39 Enzymes, in blood, 425 - in digestion, 502 - in salivary glands, 498 Eomenacanthus: epiduticle, 3 I Ephelia: static organ, 266 Ephemera: stretch receptors, 265; gills and

respiration, 377; oxygen consumption, 626

Ephemerella: oxygen consumption, 626 Ephemeroptera: pericardial glands, 201;

dorsal light reflex, 325; tracheal gills, 377; control of gill movements, 399; heart, 411, 415; circulatory mechanism, 416; circulation in appendages, 417; goblet cells, 516; peritrophic membrane, 480; rectal glands, 5 15; Malpighian tubes, 571

Ephestia: differentiation centre, 9; number of instars, 63; moulting hormone, 70; control of metamorphosis, 79; determination of wing pattern, 86; rate genes and wing patterns, 88; eye colour, 89, 616; somatic induction, 92; wound healing, 107; regeneration, 108; diapause, I II; pigment movements in eye, 224; adaptation in compound eye, 226; orientation of larvae to light, 318; motor learning, 337; diurnal rhythm of pupal emergence, 343; circulation in pupal wing, 420; haemocytes, 439; resistance to parasites, 437; oenocytes, 449; oesophageal invagination, 483; digestive enzymes, 503; water requirements, 513, 664; carbohydrate requirements,s 16; sterol requirements, 518; vitamin requirements, 520; nitrogen excretion, 557; eye pigments, 613; ommochromes, 6 I 6; respiratory metabolism in pupa, 634; metabolic water, 667; cold resistance, 680; optimum temperature of development, 684; scent glands in mating, 710; spermatophore, 712; temperature and fertility, 720; nutrition and fecundity, 721; impregnation and oviposition, 724; sex determination, 738

Ephippiger: sound production, 277; 'reflex bleeding', 433 ; communication in mating, 709

GENERAL INDEX

Ephydra: osmoregulation, 433 Epicuticle, 28 Epidermis, 27 Epilachna: 'reflex bleeding', 433; melanin

formation, 6Il Epiphragma: wax glands, 606 Epistrophe: diapause, 115; resistance to

parasites, 437 Epitheca: Malpighian tubes, 564 Erebia: stimulating effect of sunshine, 310,

671

Ergates: fat metabolism, 594 Ergatogynes, 100 Eriogaster: excreta and cocoon formation,

576 Erioischia: diapause, Il4 Eriosoma: 'wax' secretion, 606; pigments,

616 Eristalis: properties of flight muscles, 154;

flight, 162; adaptation in compound eye, 226; luminosity discrimination, 227; form perception, 234; ocelli, 243; responses to light, 312, 317, 318; optomotor response, 324; tracheal ventilation, 371 ; air sacs, 371; carbon dioxide elimination by the skin, 375; blood gills, 376; respiration of larva, 379; control of respiratory movements, 398; peritrophic membrane, 481; anal gills, 5 I 5; excretion, 560; metabolism during flight, 602

Erynnia: diapause, I IS Eucarcelia: diapause, 115 Euchaetias: falling reflex, 159 Euchalcidia: temperature and fertility, 720 Euchloe: green colours, 615 Eugaster: 'reflex bleeding', 433 Eumecopus: stylet sheath, 500 Eumenis (Satyrus): function of androconia,

711 Euproctis: diapause, 113; orientation to

light, 318; orientation of larva, 330 Eurydema: micro-organisms and nutrition,

525 Euscelis: activation centre, 9; seasonal di

morphism, 105 Eutanytarsus: haemoglobin in respiration,

390

Eutermes: alimentary canal, 5 I I; bacteria in gut, 512

Eutettix: temperature and development, 686

Euthystira: gonads and mating, 709 Evaporation from insects, 664 Excretion, 553 Exochorion, I

Exocutic1e, 28 Exopterygota, 71 Extra-intestinal digestion, 50S

Eye colour, 90

Facilitation, 192 Faeces, 497 FaIling reflex, I 59 Fannia: colour vision, 233; lethal tempera-

ture, Farnesol, 80, 726 Fat in blood, 426 - body, 442 - metabolism, 593 - in oenocytes, 450 Fausta: fertilization, 717 Female reproductive system, 700 Fermentation chambers, 5 I I

Fertilization, 718 - membrane, 718 Fibrillar muscles, 147 Fibrion, 604 Filter chambers, 492, 564 Fixation response, 324 Flavine, 603, 613 Flavones, 615 Flea: tracheal endings, 361; appearance of

air in tracheae, 363 ; spiracular sphincters, 367; control of spiracles, 392; proventriculus, 480; desiccation during pupation, 668 (and see Xenopsylla)

Flicker, 234, 238 Flight, 161 Fluorescence, 228 Folic acid, 520, 613 Follicular cells, 702 Forced movements, 315 Forcipomyia: rate of wing beat, 165 Fore-gut, 477 Forficula: falling reflex, 159; reflexes, 192;

compound eye, 220; ommatidial angle, 236; tactile function of antenna, 257; stretch receptors, 265; humidity sense, 293; hygrokinesis and thigmotaxis, 313; hypnosis, 314; menotaxis, 321; skototaxis, 325; orientation, 330 ; haemocytes, 436; phagocytic organs, 436; peritrophic membrane, 481; digestion of leaves, 506; Malpighian tubes, 572, 577; desiccation and preferred temperature, 678

Formica: pole plasma, 10; imaginal discs, 73; histolysis, 74; size of brain and mushroom bodies, 182; apparent luminosity, 228; ommatidial angle, 237; distance perception, 240 ; sense of taste, 282; memory, 338; oenocytes, 449; symbionts, 522 ; formic acid secretion, 607; metabolism during hibernation, 635; preferred temperature, 675; absorption of oocytes, 727


Formicidae: cleaning movements; 192 circus movements, 195; perception of ultra-violet, 227; campaniform sensilla on wings, 259; hearing, 269; sense of taste, 280; sense of smell, 286; orientation to light, 317; orientation to smell, 329; route finding, 333; memory for time, 339; fat body, 443; fungus gardens, 512; venom, 607; temperature regulation, 672; fertilization,

718 Frontal ganglion, 197 Fungus gardens, 512

Galerucella: histology during metamorphosis, 72; histolysis, 74; reversal of heart-beat, 422 ; fat body during moulting, 443; oenocytes, 449; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487: Malpighian tubes, 562, 564

Galleria: moulting hormone, 65; pupation, 70; moulting of adult integument, 72; control of metamorphosis, 76, 78; juvenile hormone and behaviour, 81 ; eye colour, 90; chemistry ofhaemolymph, 426; haemocytes, 434; regeneration of haemocytes, 434; immunity, 434, 440; pericardial cells, 441; fat body, 444; proventriculus, 479;peritrophicmembrane, 480; oesophageal invagination, 483; goblet cells, 486; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; absorption, 489; pH in gut, 502; digestion of keratin and wax, 509; bacteria in gut, 510; vitamin requirements, 520; excretion, 555; purine excretion, 559; metaphosphate excretion, 560; silk glands and excretion, 577; Malpighian tubes, 577; fat metabolism, 593, 594; chemical changes during growth, 599; cytochrome, 624; respiratory quotient in rest and flight, 632; respiratory metabolism in pupa, 634; optimum temperature of development, 684; mating and gonads, 709; scent glands in mating, 710

Gampsochleis: pitch discrimination, 276 Ganglia, 181 Gascardia: lac secretion, 606 Gasterophilus: organe rouge, 360, 494;

respiration oflarva, 381 ; haemoglobin, 391; carbon dioxide transport, 391; chemistry of haemolymph, 427; anticoagulin,500 ;fatmetabolism, 593 ; carbohydrate metabolism, 596; chemical changes during growth, 598; anaerobic metabolism, 631 ; carbon dioxide, tolerance, 631

Gastrimargus: water loss by spiracles, 665 Gastrodes: salivary secretion, 499 Gastroidea: sense of taste, 283 ; Malpighian

tubes, 574 Gastropacha: secretory changes in mid-gut,

487; digestion of leaves, 506; Malpighian tubes, 562

Gelis: polymorphism, 101 Gene action, 88 Genetics and diapause, 112 Genic balance, 88, 95 Genital ducts, 701 Geometridae: pigment movements III

retina, 224; tympanal organs, 273 Geopinus: temperature and activity, 676 Geotrupes: co-ordination of walking, 193;

colour vision, 233; sense of taste, 280; sense of smell, 285, 287; menotaxis, 321, 325; orientation by smell, 328; oenocytes, 447; starvation metabolism, 600; wing muscles and body temperature, 671

Germ band, 7 - layer formation, 12 -plasma, 94 Germarium, 700, 707 Gerridae: swimming, 160; hypnosis, 314 Gerris: water uptake at moulting, 49; tac-

tile hairs, 258; oenocytes, 448; salivary secretion, 499

Gestalt theory, 330 Giant axons, 179, 188 - cells, 440 Gibbium: spiracles and water loss, 369 Gilpinia: voltinism, 112; diapause develop-

ment, 118 Gipsy moth, see Lymantria Glands, 41, 604 - of internal secretion, 198 Glial cells, 183 Glossina: hatching of egg, 20; emergence

from pupa, 46; intersexes, 96; sense of smell, 285; humidity receptors, 294, 313; orientation to light, 317; ventilation of tracheae, 371; digestive enzymes, 503; crop, 477; peritrophic membrane, 481; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; divisions of mid-gut, 491; hind-gut, 496; anticoagulin, 500; pH in gut, 502; excretion, 553; hunger cycle, 600; metabolism in flight, 603; spiracles and water loss, 665; water loss, 668; temperature control, 670; temperature and activity, 676; desiccation and preferred temperature, 678; optimum temperature, 684; ovary; 700; ovulation, 706; storage of sperm, 719; viviparity, 731; symbionts, 522, 742

GENERAL INDEX

Glutathione, 622 Glycogen, 43, 146, 155, 596, 703 - in fat body, 443 - in oenocytes, 45 I Gnaptor: enzymes in Malpighian tubes,

505; excretion, 555; Malpighian tubes, 563; excretion by gut, 578

Goblet cells, 486 Golgi bodies, 182 Gomphocerus : function of mushroom bodies,

195 Gonads, 94 Gonepteryx: wing pattern of ultra violet

reflection, 228; colour vision, 232; respiratory quotient in rest and flight, 632

Gonotrophic dissociation, 728 Graber's organ, 266 Graphium: anthoxanthins, 616 Grapholitha: diapause, 114 Graphosoma: fertilization, 7 I 7; absorption

of sperm, 719 Gravity sense, 265 Green pigments, 614 Gregariousness, 323 Group effect, 105 Growth,61 - chemical changes during, 597 - coefficient, 62 - effect of temperature on, 682 - ratios, 61 Gryllacris: silk secretion, 604 Gryllidae: sound production, 277; phago

cytic organs, 436; Malpighian tubes, 565; spermatophore, 712

Grylloblatta: thermal death point, 675; preferred temperature, 675

Gryllotalpa: water uptake by egg, 3 ; cuticle, 28, 30; sound production, 277; crop, 477; peritrophic membrane, 485; Malpighian tubes, 571

Gryllus: activation centre, 7; differentiation centre, 9; thoracic gland and moulting, 68; corpus alia tum and metamorphosis, 78; neoteny, 81; hereditary neoteny, 89; secondary sexual characters, 94; phase change, 105; function of mushroom bodies, 194; campaniform sensilla in cerci, 260; hearing, 269, 274; chemical sense, 279; sense of smell, 285; diurnal rhythm, 341; 'tracheal lungs' , 389; discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; control of respiration, 399; blood coagulation, 438; haemocytes, 434; 'nephrocytes', 441; rectal glands, 495; B vitamins, 520; allantoine excretion, 559; mucoproteins in Malpighian tubules, 566; colour phases, 621; temperature and

activity, 676; yolk formation, 704; mating, 709; spermatophore, 714; (and see Acheta, Liogryllus, Gryllidae)

Gymnosoma: respiration of larva, 387 Gynandromorphs, 93, 718 Gyrinidae: swimming, 16o; menotaxis, 324;

corneal facets, 236; Johnston's organ, 262

Gyrinus: hydrofuge cuticle, 380

Habituation, 337 Habrobracon: mosaics, 89; gynandro

morphs, 93; polymorphism, 99; sense of smell, 284; orientation by smell, 289, 328; venom, 607; melanin formation, 6 I 8; desiccation of eggs, 668; scent glands in mating, 710; fertilization, 718; sex determination, 741

Haematobia: preferred temperature, 675 Haematopinus: sense of smell, 284; tem

perature sense, 292; thigmotaxis, 3 13; impregnation and fecundity, 723

Haematopota: Dyar's rule, 61; crop, 477; nutrition and fecundity, 722

Haemocoelic fecundation, 7 I 6 Haemocyte count, 433 Haemocytes, 433 Haemoglobin in blood, 389, 427, 447 - breakdown, 581, 615 Haemolymph, 424 Haemonia: function of air store, 381; fat

body, 442; oenocytes, 447; carotinoid pigments, 614

Haemopoietic organs, 434 Haemostatic membrane, 108 Halteres, 167,258,261,268,311 Haltica: leaping, 159; Malpighian tubes,

564 Hatching of eggs, 18 - spines, 19 Hearing, 269 Heart, 41 I Heat balance, 669 Heliothis: Dyar's rule, 61; diapause, 113;

pH of blood, 324; ascorbic acid needs, 5 I 9; effect of temperature on stored fat, 595; glycogen, 596; utilization of fat, 599; migration of sperm, 715

Helodes: physical gills, 382"; uptake of ions, 515

Hemicellulase, 506 Hemimerus: viviparity, 732 Hemimetabola, 72 Henria: paedogeaesis, 733 Hepialus: permeability of cuticle, 36 Heptagenia: Malpighian tubes, 571 Hereditary homoeosis, I I I

Hermaphroditism, 733


Hesperoctenes: pleuropodia, 18; fertilization, 718; pseudo-placenta, 732; paedogenesis, 733

Hestina: seasonal colour change, 618 Heterodynamic insects, I I I

Heterogonic growth, 62, 99 Heteromorphous regeneration, 110 Heteropeza: see Oligarces Hibernation, IS, 111,728 - of eggs, 14 Hicks' papillae, 258, 268 Hind-gut, 494 Hippeococcus: absence of symbionts, 526 Histamine, 607 Histogenesis, 72 Histology during metamorphosis, 72 Histolysis, 72 Holocrine secretion, 488 Holometabola, 72 Homodynamic insects, I I I

Homoeosis, 110 Homologous genes, 9 I Honey-bee, see Apis Honey-dew, 494, 497, 504 Honey-guides, 234 Honey stomach, 478 Hormaphis: gall production, 500 Hormones, 64, 69, 102, 116 Humidity and egg development, 14 -sense, 293 Hyalophora: cuticle synthesis, 43; neuro

secretion, 65; thoracic gland, 67; juvenile hormone and corpus alia tum , 78, 80; injury metabolism, 107; diapause, 116; cocoon spinning, 33 I; control of spiracles, 394; cyclic discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; chemistry of haemolymph, 425; fat body metabolism, 446; carbohydrate metabolism, 597; transamination, 604; synthesis of silk, 605; anaerobic metabolism, 63 I; metabolism and diapause, 636; water uptake by eggs, 666; yolk formation, 704; juvenile hormone in adult, 726

Hyaluronic acid, 597 Hybrids, 95 Hydrobius: hatching, 19 Hydrocampa: air store of larva, 381 Hydrocyrius: function of air store, 381 Hydrofuge structures, 379 Hydrogen ion concentration of blood, 429 - - - of gut contents, 502 Hydrophilidae: egg cocoons, 706 Hydrophilus (Hydrous): regeneration, 109;

structure of flight muscles, 149; properties of muscles, 152; muscle tonus, ISS; swimming, 161; brain function, 195; retinal image, 220; sense of taste, 280; sense of smell, 285, 287; tra-

cheal endings, 360; tracheal ventilation, 370; compression in tracheal system, 370; respiration, 374; function of air store, 381; respiratory function of blood, 389; function ofalarymuscles, 422; haemolymph, 424; chemistry of haemolymph, 427; peritrophic membrane, 480; secretory changes in midgut, 488; extra-intestinal digestion, 506; adenase, and guanase, 561; excretion, 564; silk secretion, 604

Hydrophobe properties of cuticle, 160,379 Hydropyle,4, 14 Hydrostatic function of tracheal system,

384 - organs, 160 Hygrokinesis, 312 Hylemyia: essential amino acids,s I 8; nutri

tional requirements, 521; viviparity, 73 1

Hylobius: electroretinogram, 225 Hylotrupes: digestion of wood, 507; fungi

in digestion, 5 I 3 Hypergamesis, 719 Hypermetamorphosis, 79 Hyphantria: lipids, 593 Hypnosis, 313 Hypocerebral ganglia, 197 Hypocrita: venom, 608 Hypoderma: tracheal lungs, 388; colla

genase, 508; digestive enzymes,s 10 Hypodermis, 27 Hyponomeuta: histology during metamor

phosis, 72; oenocytes, 449; Malpighian tubes, 565

Icerya: hermaphroditism, 733; sex determination, 733

Ichneumonidae: pore plates, 288; respira-tion of larvae, 386

Imaginal discs, 72, 85, 108 Immunity, 437, 439 Impregnation and fecundity, 723 Individuation field, 74, 108 Inhibition, 151, 189, 314, 331 Inhibitory centres, 190 Inositol, 520 Insectoverdins, 614 Insight learning, 339 Instars, number of, 63 Instinct, 192, 339 Insulin, 595 Integument, 27 Integumental nervous system, 179 Intercastes, 100 Intermediary metabolism, 439, 446 Internal secretions and reproduction, 724 Intersexes, 95

GENERAL INDEX 8Il Invertase, 499, 502 Inverted tracheae, 359, 389 Ionic regulation, 430, 573 Iphita: neurosecretion, 67 Ips: proventriculus, 479 Iridomyrmex: venom ('iridomyrmecin'),

607; scent glands, 617 Iris cells, 215 - tapetum, 220 Isoperla: stretch receptors, 265

Japyx: labial kidneys, 578 Jassidae: digestive enzymes, 499 Johnston's organ, 110, 262, 270, 330 Juvenile hormone, 78, 200, 726

Keratin, digestion of, 509 Kinesis, 310, 315 Klinokinesis, 3 I 5 Klinotaxis, 3 I 5 Kosciuscola : temperature and colour change,

618 Kynurenine, 90, 616

Labial kidneys, 578 Lac, 606 Lagriidae: symbionts, 742 Lamellar muscles, 147 Lamellicornia: hind-gut, 495; digestion of

wood,507 Lammert's cycles, 672 Lampyris: retinal image, 216, 219; com

pound eye, 216; visual acuity, 235; luminescence, 452; extra-intestinal digestion, 506

Lanigerin, 6 I 6 Laphygma: phase change, 106, 620 Larentia: hearing, 273; stimulatory effect

of light, 3 I ° Lasiocampidae: sense of smell, 286; orien

tation to smell, 328 Lasioderma: water requirements, 5 I 3 ; car

bohydrate requirements, 5 I 5; sterol requirements, 5 18; vitamin requirements, 520; symbionts in nutrition, 525

Lasius: sense of taste, 282; light compass orientation, 321; skototaxis, 325; odour trails, 333; oenocytes, 449; venom (,dendrolasin'), 607

Laspeyresia: digestive enzymes, 502 Latent development, I 18 -learning, 339 Latenzstoff, 116 Leaping, 159 Learning, 339

Lebia: silk production, 576 Lecanium: filter chamber, 493; lac secre

tion, 606; ovoviviparity, 730; sexual races, 735

Leistus: seasonal rhythm of reproduction, 728

Lemnoblasts, 150 Lens-cylinder, 2 I 6 Lepidea: anthoxanthins, 6 I 6 Lepisma: ventral glands and moulting, 67;

regeneration in adult, 108; skototaxis, 325; dorsal vessel, 413; pericardial cells, 440; absence of oenocytes, 447; cellobiase, 504; excretion, 554; urate cells, 580; (and see Ctenolepisma)

Leptinotarsa: differentiation centre, 9 ; germ cell determinants, 10; doubling of embryo, 10; induction of mesoderm and endoderm, 13; cuticle, 30; pupal cuticle, 30; moulting fluid, 43; neurosecretion, 66; diapause, 114; recognitionoffood-plant, 283; diurnal rhythm, 341; chemistry of haemolymph, 428; haemocytes, 434; digestion of chlorophyll, 5°7; lecithin, 594; metabolism during hibernation, 601; melanin formation, 61 I; carotene, 614; catalase, 625; metabolism in pupa, 635; metabolism during hibernation, 635; water content, 663; cold resistance, 679; nutrition and fecundity, 722; corpora allata and yolk formation, 725; diapause in adult female, 729

Leptocoris: cold resistance, 68o; fertiliza-tion, 717

Leptohylemyia: diapause development, I I 8 Leptophlebia: thermal death point, 675 Leptophragmata, 574 Leptothorax: caste determination, 99 Lethal temperature, 672 Lethocerus: static organ, 267 Leucoma: excretion and cocoon formation,

576 Leucophaea: neurosecretion, 66; juvenile

hormone, 79; corpus allatum, 201; diurnal activity rhythm, 342; fat body metabolism, 447; symbionts and ascorbic acid synthesis, 526; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 726

Leucopterine, 612 Leucotermes: sound production, 276 Libel/ula.· flight, 165; inhibition, 189; co-

ordination of walking, 193; brain function, 195; facet size, 236, ocelli, 243; phototaxis, 320; control of respiration, 398; chemistry of haemolymph, 428; osmotic pressure, 430; absorption of chloride by hind-gut, 573

Lichenase, 503


Liesegang rings and colour pattern, 87,612 Light-compass orientation, 320 Light-producing organs, 451 Lime in chorion, I, 18 - in cuticle, 28 - in excretion, 559, 572, 581 - in Malpighian tubes, 572 - in mid-gut, 490 Limnephilus: origin of sensory neurones,

178; control of respiratory movements, 397; haemolymph, 424; osmoregulation, 433, 573; absorption from rectum, 496, 573

Limnophila: static organs, 266 Limnotrechus: mechanism of moulting, 46 Limonius: temperature adaption, 676 Linognathus: spermatophore, 712 Liogryllus: cuticle structure, 29; hearing,

269, 276; sense of taste, 280; temperature sense, 291; spermatophore, 713

Lipara: diapause, 117 Lipase, 502 Lipochromes, 614 Liproprotein in cuticle, 35 Litomastrix: polembryony, 730 Locomotion, 156 - on water, 160 Locusta: serosal fluid, 4; water uptake by

egg, 4; ootheca, 34; growth ratio, 62; number of instars, 63; thoracic glands and moulting, 67, 68; prothetely, 80; function of ocelli, 244; diapause, 112; sarcosomes, 149; properties of flight muscles, 153; muscle biochemistry, 155; ionic regulation in nerves, 185; nervous conduction, 186; ommatidial field of vision, 216; diffraction images, 220; retinene, 222; visual acuity, 238; stretch receptors, 264; tympanal organ, 272; subgenual organ, 262; hearing, 274; sound production, 277; perception of radiant heat, 292; hygrokinesis, 312; function of air sacs, 372; carbon dioxide transport, 391; heart valves, 415; accessory hearts, 413; fat body metabolism, 446; dipeptidase, 505; ascorbic acid needs, 5 I 9; nutritional requirements, 521; mucoproteins in Malpighian tubules, 566, 572; metabolism during flight, 603; pigments, 614; insectoverdin, 614; colour change, 619, 620; surface law, 628; radiation and body temperature, 671; micropyle, 705; temperature and fecundity, 720; parthenogenetic development, 734

Locustana: hydropyle of egg, 4; dormancy of egg, 14

Lomochusa: effect on caste determination, 100

Lonchaea: pericardial cells, 581 Lophyrus: oesophageal diverticula, 479 Loxotege: diapause, 113; immunity to

parasites, 437; optimum temperature of development, 684; nutrition and fecundity, 721; linoleic acid requirements, 519; phospholipides, 594; linoleic acid and fecundity, 722

Lucanidae: allomatric growth, 63, 98 Lucanus: control of muscle tonus, 189; co

ordination of crawling, 194; brain function, 195; air sacs, 372; pulse rate, 421; nervous control of heart, 423

Luciferase, 453 Luciferin, 453 Lucilia: water-proofing of egg shell, 2;

vitelline membrane, 3; rate of egg development, 14; metallic colours, 39; water and body size, 47,664; stimulus to pupation, 68; histolysis, 74; diapause, III, 116; properties of flight muscles, 154; muscle chemistry, 156; electroretinogram, 225; landing response, 33 I; thirst, 333; air sacs, 372; peritrophic membrane, 483; division of mid-gut, 490; function of rectal papillae, 496; pH of gut content, 502; digestive enzymes, 503; extra-intestinal digestion, 506; collagenase, 508; bacteria in digestion, 5 10; phosphorus requirements, 5 13; vitamin requirements, 518; excretion, 556; granules in Malpighian tubules, 560; excretion of iron and copper, 581; fat metabolism, 593, 595; carbohydrate metabolism, 596; chemical changes during growth, 598; utilization of fat, 599; iron in egg, 624; metabolism during flight, 627; respiratory metabolism in pupa, 634; metabolism during diapause, 635; pyrophosphatase in pupa, 635; water content, 664; water balance, 664; lethal temperature, 674; cold resistance, 679; temperature adaptation, 683; developmental zero, 686; nutrition and fecundity, 721; impregnation and oviposition, 724

Luciola: diurnal rhythm, 341; lumines-cence, 454; yolk formation, 703

Luehdorphia: diapause, 117 Luminescence, 451 Luminosity discrimination, 226 Lycaenidae: metallic colours, 39 Lycia: intersexual hybrids, 95 Lycidae: neoteny, 732 Lyctus: digestion of wood, 508; symbionts,

522,741

GENERAL INDEX

Lygaeidae: bacteria in gut, 510, 522 Lygaeus: fine structure of sensilla, 289;

temperature sense, 292; transfer of sperm, 712, 715

Lygus: salivary secretion, 499 Lymantria: growth ratio, 62; moulting hor

mone, 64; control of metamorphosis, 75; prothetely, 81; control of pupal development, 83; somatic induction, 92; secondary sexual characters, 94; intersexes, 95; regeneration, 108; reduplication of genital organs, 110; reflexes of larva, 190; perception ofform and colour by larvae, 241 ; larval sense of taste, 283; orientation of larvae to light, 318; menotaxis, 323; orientation of larvae, 330; absence of digestive enzymes, 503; metabolism in pupa, 634; temperature and rate of crawling, 689; mating, 709; female scent, 710; migration of sperm, 714; impregnation and oviposition, 724; parthenogenesis, 734; sex determination, 738

Lymantriidae: tympanal organs, 273 Lyperosia: temperature and humidity

senses, 293; orientation, 33 I; preferred temperature, 675

Lysolecithin, 606

Machilis: moulting of adult, 70; regeneration in adult, 108; ganglia, 181; pericardial cells, 440; excretion by gut, 578

Macrocentrus: polyembryony, 730 Macrocorixa: sense of gravity, 265 Macroglossa: flight, 162; simultaneous con-

trast, 227; spectral sensitivity, 229, 232; colour vision, 232; stimulatory effect of light, 310; stimuli to oviposition, 331; pulse rate, 421; digestive enzymes, 503

Macronema: tracheal gills, 377 Macropanesthia: absence of giant axons,

188 Macrosiphum: polymorphism, 104; cyclical

parthenogenesis, 737 Macrosteles: straited border of Malpighian

tubules, 567 Macrotoma: proventriculus, 479; digestion

of wood, 507 Malacosoma: hygroscopic egg covering, I;

diapause development, I 18; striated border of mid-gut, 486; urates in cocoon, 576; carbohydrate metabolism, 596; chemical changes in larval growth,598

Male reproductive system, 707 Mallophaga: digestion of keratin, 509

Malpighian tubes, 561 - - accessory functions, 575 - - digestive enzymes, 505 Maltase, 504 Manna, 497 Mansonia: respiration of larva, 384 Mantichorini: cuticle structure, 31 Mantidae: ootheca, I, 707; pleuropodia,

17; pigment movements in retina, 223 ; feeding habits during mating, 711; spermatophore, 7 I 2

Mantis: reduplication oflimbs, 109; homoe, osis, II 0; co-ordination of walking, 192; su boesophageal ganglion, 194 ; supraoesophageal ganglion, 195; apparent luminosity, 229; 'nephrocytes', 441; pigments, 614; colour adaptation, 620

Mastotermes: symbionts, 520; transmission of symbionts, 741

Maternal inheritance, 92 Mating, 709 Mealworm, see Tenebrio Mechanical senses, 256 Meconema,' falling reflex, 159; peripheral

inhibition, 189; scolopidia in antenna, 261; insectoverdins, 615

Megarhinus: Larval nutrition and fecundity, 723

M egoura : form determination, 103 ; chemistry of haemolymph, 426; honey-dew, 498 ; saliva, 499

Melanargia: carotins, flavones, &c., in pigmentation, 615

Melanin, 34,47,610 Melanoplus: wax in egg shell, 2; egg mem

branes, 3; water uptake by egg, 4; regulation in egg, 11; diapause in egg, 15; oxygen uptake in egg, 16; hydropyle and diapause, 16; pleuropodia, 18; growth ratio, 62; number of instars, 63; corpora allata, 78; diapause, 117; cholinesterase, 187; potential changes in retina, 225; sensitivity to different wave-lengths, 229; pulsations in embryo, 422; fine structure of sensilla, 289; humidity receptors, 293 ; ventral diaphragm, 417; control of heart-beat, 423; haemolymph, 324; immunity, 439; excretion, 557; striated border of Malpighian tubules, 567; fat metabolism, 594; chemical changes in egg, 598; glycogen and cuticle formation, 598; tyrosinase in egg, 610; riboflavine in egg, 613; pigments, 614; oxidizing systems in the egg, 625; catalase, 625; surface law, 628; oxygen uptake, 629; respiratory metabolism in egg, 633; anaerobic metabolism, 630


Melanoplus: continued metabolismduringdiapause, 635; cytochrome oxidase in egg, 636; water content, 663; temperature regulation, 67I; temperature and activity, 676; alternating temperatures and development, 687; formation of egg membranes, 705; 'Nebenkern' in spermatocytes, 708; water and fecundity, 72 I; corpus allatum and egg production, 726

Melasoma: menotactic responses, 325; oenocytes, 448; Malpighian tubes, 574; distribution of glycogen, 596; salicylaldehyde secretion, 608; carotene, 608; temperature adapation, 683

Melese: sound production, 278 Meliponinae: queen production, 99; scent

trails, 336 Melittobia: dimorphism, IOO Meloe: hypermetamorphosis, 79 Meloidae: hypermetamorphosis, 79; 're

flex bleeding', 433; cantharidin, 608 Melolontha: hibernation, I 12 ; muscles, 147;

flight, 165; visual acuity, 235; nerve net in larva, 263; sound production, 278; sense of smell, 288; stimulatory movements before flight, 3 I 2; tracheae, 359; air sacs, 37I; respiratory movements during flight, 372; tracheal ventilation, 373; amino acids in blood, 425; oenocytes, 447; purine excretion, 558; excretion, 56I; starvation metabolism, 600; melanin formation, 6IO

Melophagus: flow of air through tracheal system, 374; control of respiration, 397

Membracidae: filter chamber, 492 Memory, 336 Menexenus: parthenogenesis, 735 Menotaxis, 372 MeTmis: causing metathetely, 80; causing

sex reversal, 97; causing polymorphism in ants, IOO

Merocrine secretion, 488 Meroistic ovarioles, 701 Mesaxons, 183 M esembTina: viviparity, 73 I Mesocuticle, 28 MessoT: orientation, 333; temperature

adapation, 677 Metabolic water, 667 Metabolism, 593 - effect of temperature on, 682 Metacanthes: salivary secretion, 499 Metallic colours, 38 Metamorphosis, 7 I - fat body during, 443 - Malpighian tubes during, 577

Metathetely, 80 MiastoT: extra-intestinal digestion, 505;

spermatozoa, 708; paedogenesis and alternation of generations, 733, 737; sex determination, 739

MicTobembex: temperature and activity, 676 MicTobracon: temperature and colour

change,618 MicTogasteT: diapause, lIS; respiration of

larva, 386; carotinoid pigments, 614 Micromalthus: paedogenesis, 733 Microplectron: preferred temperature, 675 Micropyle, II, 705 Microtrichia, 42 Mid-gut, 485 Mikiola: gall production, 500 Milionia: water balance, 665 Milk glands, 742 Mimas: juvenile hormone and behaviour,

79; diapause, I 17; respiratory quotient in rest and flight, 632

Mochlonyx: hydrostatic organs, 16o; air bladders, 384; larval nutrition and fecundity, 723

Mormoniella: histolysis, 74; diapause, II3, II 9; token stimuli, 336; extra-intestinal digestion, 505; Malpighian tubules during metamorphosis, 577; urate cells, 579; migration of sperm, 7 I 6; reabsorption of oocytes, 728; sex determination, 740

Morpho: metallic colours, 38 Morphogenesis, I08 Mosaic eggs, 12 - state in development, 85 - theory of compound eye, 216 Mosaics, 89, 93 Mosquitos, see Culicidae Motor learning, 337 - neurones, 179 Moulting, 39, 61 - of adult insects, 70 - fluid, 43 -glands, 40 - hormone, 64, 68 - of tracheae, 364 Movement perception, 238 Musca: eye colour genes, 9I; muscle bio

chemistry, ISS; flight, 162; cholinesterase, I 87; retinene, 22I; apparent luminosity, 229; facet number, 236; ommatidial angle, 237; visual acuity, 236; tarsal sense oftaste, 280; chemoreceptors, 282, 287; humidity receptors, 293; thigmotaxis, 3 I 3; temperature response in larva, 327; air sacs, 359, 373; control of spiracles, 393; accessory hearts in wings, &c., 419; circulation in wings, 420; chemistry of

GENERAL INDEX SIS haemolymph, 426; haemopoietic organs, 434; sense organs in swallowing, 477; crop, 477; secretory changes in mid-gut, 486; lipid in mid-gut cells, 487; absorption, 489; anticoagulin, 500; protease properties, 504; sterol needs,s 18; vitamin requirements, 520; ammonia excretion, 556; sterol synthesis, 593; lipids, 594; metabolism in flight, 603; anaerobic metabolism, 63 I; respiration in pupa, 634; lethal temperature, 674; preferred temperature, 675; yolk formation, 704; nutrition and fecundity, 721; sterols and egg production, 722; larval feeding and egg production, 723; impregnation and fecundity, 724; ovoviviparity, 730

Muscidae: mosaic eggs, II; hatching, 18; growth ratio, 62; pseudocone eyes, 220; visual response of larva, 226; light sensitive organs, 242; sense of smell, 284, 288; orientation of larva to light, 317; appearance of air in tracheae, 363; tracheal ventilation, 371; pericardial cells, 441; fat body, 442; oenocytes, 448; rectal valve, 497; water requirements, 5 I 3; temperature and development, 689; micropyle, 705

Muscina: rate of wing-beat, 1165; equilibrium during flight, 166; Johnston's organ, 263; antennae as stimulatory organs,3 Il

Muscle chemistry, ISS - insertions, 149 - regeneration, 108 -tonus, ISS Muscles of Malpighian tubes, 564 Muscular power, lSI

- system, 146 Mushroom bodies, 182, 195 Mycetocytes, 522 Mycetomes, 522 Mycetophila: peritrophic membrane, 481 Mycetophilidae: luminescence, 452; oxalic

acid secretion, 609 Myoblasts, 109 Myrmeleon: stemmata, 241; gut, 478;

extra-intestinal digestion, 506 Myrmeleonidae: Malpighian tubes, 575;

silk production, 576 Myrmica: caste determination, 100; sense of

taste, 282; peri trophic membrane, 484 Myzus: colour vision, 233; nitrogen fixa

tion, 524

N abis: salivary secretion, 499 Naranga: crowding and diapause, Il3 Nasonia: see Mormoniella

Nassonofl"s gland, 609 Nasuti, 101 Naucoris: sense of gravity, 265; tympanal

organs, 273; physical gill, 382; control of respiratory movements, 398; salivary secretion, 499

Nauphoeta: corpora allata and mating, 726 N ecrophorus: chemoreceptors, 287; electric

recordings from olfactory sensilla, 290 ; enzymes in Malpighian tubes, 505; excretion by gut, 578

Neides: dermal light sense, 244 Nematus: cuticular wax, 35; secretory

changes in mid-gut, 486; receptacular glands, 715

Nemeritis: diapause, lIS; conditioned oviposition, 337; respiration and asphyxia, 385

Neotenin, 78, 200 Neoteny, 78, 81, 89, 102, 732 Nepa: static organs, 266; tympanal organs,

273; chemoreceptors, 280; respiration, 379; function of air store, 381; 'tracheal lungs', 388; dorsal vessel, 4II; accessory hearts, 418; salivary secretion,499

Nephrocytes, 440 Nerve centres, 190 - endings in muscle, ISO - net, 179, 263 Nervous control of heart, 422 - - of spiracles, 394 - impulses, 185 - system, 178 Neural lamella, 183 Neurilemma, 183 Neuro-endocrine system, 66 Neuroglia cells, 183 Neurohaemal organs, 198 Neurohumours, 199 Neurones, 178 Neuronia: case building, 192 Neurosecretory cells, 66, 103, 198, 727 Neuroterus: parthenogenesis, 736 Nezara: chemoreception, 284; insectover-

din, 615; symbionts, 742 Nicotinic acid, 519 Nilaparoata: phase change, 106 Niptus: spiracles and water loss, 369; silk

production, 576 Nitrogen metabolism, 561 Noctuidae: compound eye, 219; retinal

image, 220; pigment movements in retina, 223; absence of ocelli, 243 j male scent organs, 71 I

Nosopsyllus: heart, 414 Notiophilus: skototaxis, 325 Notodonta: hydrochloric acid secretion, 663 Notodontidae: tympanal organs, 273


Notonecta: water uptake at moulting, 49; growth ratio, 62; movements of rhabdom, 222; pigment movements in retina, 222; spectral sensitivity, 202; colour vision, 233; extent of visual field, 239; perception of polarized light, 240; Johnston's organ, 263; sense of equilibrium, 265; phototaxis, 320; optomotor response, 322; hydrofuge hairs and respiration, 380; function of air store, 381; control of respiratory movements, 398; accessory hearts, 418; pulse rate, 421; absorption, 489; divisions of mid-gut, 491; salivary secretion, 499; nitrogen excretion, 557; urate cells, 579

Notostira: water uptake by egg, 4; rate of egg development, 14; fertilization, 718

Nucleic acid requirements, 518 Nurse cells, 701 Nutrition, 513 - and fecundity, 720 Nyctobora: tracheal ventilation, 374 Nymphula: control of respiratory move-

ments, 397; Malpighian tubes, 574 Nyssia: sex of hybrids, 95

Ocelli, 243 - as stimulatory organs, 310 Odonata: blue colour, 618 Odynerus: stylopization and sex reversal, 97 Oecanthus: sound production, 278; feeding

habits during mating, 711 ; spermatophore, 713

Oedipoda: flight, 162; wing pigments, 615 Oenocytes, 27, 40, 447, 452, 727 Oenocytoids, 435 Oesophageal invagination, 480 Oesophagus, 477 Oestridae: ovoviviparity, 731 Oestrogens, 98, 726 Oligarces: paedogenesis, 733; develop

mental cycles, 737; sex determination, 739

Ommatidium, 215 Ommatines, 616 Ommines, 616 Ommochromes, 616 Omorgus: respiration of larva, 385 Oncopeltus: neuropile, 178; cholinesterase,

187; chemoreception, 284;"immunity, 440; enzymes in saliva, 499; stylet sheath, 500; excretion, 555, 557; pteridine excretion, 559; metabolism in the egg, 598; pterine pigment, 612; temperature and colour change, 618; temperature and development in egg,

682; yolk formation, 704; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 503

Onychiurus: luminescence, 451 ; water up-take by ventral tube, 667

Oocytes, 702 - absorption of, 727 06encyrtus: gynandomorphs, 94; respira-

tion of egg, 387 Oogenesis, 702 Oogonia, 702 Ootheca, 34, 706 Ophyra: fat metabolism, 593; carbohydrate

metabolism, 596; chemical changes during growth, 599

Optimum temperature, 683 Optomotor reaction, 227, 229, 233, 324 Organe rouge, 360, 447 Organism, 7, 74 Organization in the egg, 7 Orgyia: diapause in egg, 14; secondary

sexual characters, 94; orientation of larvae to light, 318; spermatozoa, 708; scent organs in mating, 710; parthenogenesis, 734

Orientation, 315 - of flying insects, 323 Ornithoptera: coloration, 618 Orthetrum: body temperature, 670 Orthokinesis, 315 Oryctes: oscillatory contraction of flight

muscles, 154; sensory nerve endings in muscles, 264; amino acids in blood, 425; cuticle of rectum, 495; fermentation chamber in gut, 511; microorganisms and nutrition, 522; Malpighian tubes, 564; fat metabolism, 594

Oryzaephilus: symbionts, 522 Osmeteria, 609 Osmia: excretion, 558; control of sex, 740 Osmoderma: bacteria in digestion, 51I Osmotic pressure of blood, 430 Ostial valves, 413 Ostrinia: see Pyrausta Ovaries, 83, 700 Ovarioles, 700 Oviposition, 706 Ovoviviparity, 730 Ovulation, 705 Oxidative metabolism, 622 Oxycarenus: transglucosidase, 504 Oxygen uptake in egg, 5 - - site of, 366

Pachymerus: fat metabolism, 595 Pachystylus: heart valves, 415 Paedogenesis, 732 Palps as organs of smell, 285

GENERAL INDEX

Panesthia: bacteria in digestion, 512 Panoistic ovaries, 701 Panorpa: pericardial cells, 440; yolk forma

tion, 704; feeding habits during mating,7II

Pantophthalmus: anal papillae, 5 15 Pantothenic acid, 519 Panzeria: ovoviviparity, 731 Papilio: mimetic polymorphism, 98; dia

pause and colour change, 105,619; rate of wing-beat, 165; taste preference of larva, 283; cyclic discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; osmeteria, 609; pigments, 617; kynurenine, 617

Papilionidae: metallic colours, 39 Paranuclear mass, 729 Pararge: flavones, 6 I 6 Parasitic reversal of sex, 97 Parnassius: flavones, 616; mating, 7II Pars intercerebralis, 66 Parthenogenesis, 734 Pectinophora: diapause, II 8 Pedicia: cutaneous respiration of larva, 384 Pediculus: pleuropodia, 18; hatching, 19;

growth ratio, 63; intersexes, 96; stemmata, 241; campaniform organs, 260; chemoreceptors, 287, 288; humidity receptors, 293; temperature sense, 292; phototropotaxis, 3 18; 'skototaxis', 325; orientation by temperature, 327; orientation to smell, 327; orientation to humidity, 329; orientation by contact, 330; probing response, 331; 'nephrocytes', 441; symbionts, 525; excretion, 554; biliverdin in pericardial cells, 581; colour adaption, 619; lethal temperature, 673 ; preferred temperature, 675; follicular cells, 702; temperature and fecundity, 720; unisexual families, 739

Pemphigus: symbionts, 524; fat metabolism, 594; cyclical parthenogenesis, 736

Pentala: lipase in flight muscles, 606 Pentatoma: salivary secretion, 499 Pentatomidae: hatching, 19; bacteria In

gut, 510, 522 Perception of form, 234, 241 Pericardial cells, 440, 581,603 - septum, 415 Pericoma: lime in cuticle, 35 Peril/us: carotene, 614; pigment develop-

ment, 618 Perineurium cells, 183 Peripheral inhibition, 189 Periplaneta: cement layer, 28; cuticle, 30,

36; wax and permeability of cuticle, 35. 36; wax secretion. 41; chitinase. 43; prothoracic gland and moulting, 68; neoteny, 78; corpus allatum, 79;

regeneration, 108; motor nerve endings, 152; 'slow' and 'quick' nerve fibres, 153; muscle tonus, 155; muscle biochemistry, 156; giant axons, 179, 188; histology of the nervous system, 182; ionic regulation in ganglia, 185; conduction in central nervous system, 186; cholinesterase, 187; stepping reflex, 189; cleaning reflexes, 191; postural tone, 192; co-ordination of walking, 193; giant fibres, 194; neurosecretory cells, 198; secretion of corpus cardiacum, 199, 565; rhodopsin, 222; spectral sensitivity, 230; facet size, 236; flicker frequency, 239; function of ocelli, 244; dermal light sense, 244; antennal organs of touch, 257; campaniform sensilla, 259; proprioceptive organs, 264; stretch receptors, 265; hearing, 269; taste, 280; sense of smell, 284; temperature sense, 291; eyes as stimulatory organs, 310; learning, 338; spiracular nerves, 367; discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; diurnal rhythm, 342; control of respiratory movements, 397; blood vessels, 414; ending of aorta, 415; heart contraction, 4 I 7; accessory hearts, 418; circulation in wing, 419; automatism of heart, 422; nerve supply to heart, 423; humoral control of heartbeat, 423; chemistry of haemolymph, 425; blood coagulation, 438; haemocytes, 434; pericardial cells, 441; fat body metabolism, 446; crop, 477; secretory changes in mid-gut, 486; absorption, 489, 490; rectal glands, 495; faeces, 497; salivary secretion, 499; digestive enzymes, 499, 502; cellobiase, 504; inositol, 520; symbionts in nutrition, 526; excretion, 554; Malpighian tubes, 562; uric acid synthesis, 561, 580; excretion of dyes, 572; excretion by gut, 578; sterol synthesis, 593; starvation metabolism, 600; transamination, 604; succinic dehydrogenase, 624; metabolism during flight, 627; anaerobic metabolism, 63 I; respiratory quotient, 632; water loss by skin and spiracles, 665; body temperature, 669; lethal temperature, 672; temperature adap ation, 677; temperature and lipid composition, 678; temperature and diurnal rhythm, 683; yolk formation, 703; ootheca, 706; sexual scent, 710; fertilization, 717; copulation and fecundity, 724; parthenogenesis, 734

Peritoneal membranes, 146, 360


Peritracheal gland, 68, 201 Peri trophic membrane, 480, 497 Perla: hermaphroditism, 733 Petrobius: osmotic pressure in haemolymph,

430 Pez071Ulchus: polymorphism, 101 Phagocytes, 74, 436 Phagocytosis, 436 Phalera: photoperiod and diapause, 113;

spectral sensitivity, 229, 233; digestion of leaves, 506; respiratory quotient, 632

Phalix: filter chamber, 493 Pharate adult, 379 Phasgonura: see Tettigonia Phasic castration, 505 Phasic-tonic response, 257, 291 Phasmidae: eggs, I ; phase change, 105,620;

autotomy and regeneration, 107; corpus allatum, 200; temperature sense, 292; ending of aorta, 415; chemistry of haemolymph, 428; oenocytes, 447; peritrophic membrane, 480; excretion, 560; Malpighian tubes, 564; lime excretion, 560, 576; follicular cells, 702; spermatophore, 7 I 2; parthenogenesis, 735

Pheidole: heterogony and polymorphism, 99 j production of soldiers, 100

Phenocopies, 91 Phenogodes: light production, 452 Pheromones, 102, 501,609 Philaematomyia: anticoagulin, 500 Philaenus: foam secretion, 576 Philanthus: perception of form, 235 , use of

landmarks, 330, capture of prey, 332 j venom, 607

Philosamia: Dyar's rule, 61; metamorphosis, 79; determination of wing structure and pattern, 85; diapause, 118

Phlebotomus: diapause, 112; peritrophic membrane, 485; striated border of gut, 485; water content, 663; spermatheca, 701

Phobotaxis, 316 Phora: ovoviviparity, 731 Phormia: metallic colours, 39; eye colour

genes, 91; sarcosomes, 149, 156; fusion of sensory axons, 179; tactile sensilla, 257; peripheral nerve plexus, 264; chemoreceptors on ovipositor, 285; ditto on labella, 282, 284; taste, 282; humidity receptors, 293; thirst, 332; dance-like behaviour, 336; respiration through cuticle in larva, 366; ventilation of tracheae in larva, 371; trans glucosidase, 504; essential amino acids, 518; sterol needs, 518; vitamin requirements, 520; effect of temperature on phosphatides, 595; chemical

changes during exertion, 601; metabolism during flight, 602; thermal death point, 675; temperature and pupal development, 684

Photinus: perception of red, 228; diurnal rhythm, 341; luminescence, 452

Photogenic organs, 45 I Photoperiod, 15, 103, 114 PhototaXis, 317 Phototonus, 312 Photuris: luminescence, 452 Phryganea: control of respiratory move

ments, 397; nitrogen excretion, 557 Phryganidia: control of pupal development,

83 Phryxothrix: luminescence, 452 Phyllobombycin, 507 Phyllodecta: salicylaldehyde secretion, 608 Phyllopertha: water uptake by egg, 4;

permeability of cuticle, 36; visual acuity, 236; metabolism in metamorphosis, 598

Phylloxera: (see Viteus) Phymatodes: digestion of wood, 508 Phytobius: plastron respiration, 383 Phytomyza: calcospherites, 581 Phytonomus: silk production, 576 Pieridae: pterine pigments, 612; anthoxan-

thins, 616 Pieris: cleavage, 6; cuticular wax, 35;

critical temperature, 36; number of instars, 63; diapause, 112, 113; flight, 165; development of sense organs, 185; luminosity discrimination, 227; perception of red, 228; colour vision, 232; colour vision in larva, 241; tarsal sense of taste, 280 j sense of taste in larva, 283; sense of smell, 285, 287; sense of smell in larva, 286; menotaxis, 321; haemolymph, 426; blood proteins, 427; haemocytes, 434, 435; giant cells, 440; peritrophicmembrane, 485; purine excretion, 559; pteridine synthesis and excretion, 581, 613; utilization of fat, 599; melanin formation, 611; carotinoids, 614; pupal colour change, 6 I 8; fertilization, 7 I 8 ; corpora allata and ovary development, 726

Pigment excretion, 560 - in blood, 427,614 - metabolism, 610 - rnovetnents in cotnpound eye, ~22

Pigmentation of eye, 90 Pimpla: sex ratio, 97; token stimuli, 336;

sex determination, 740 Pionea: diapause, 112

Piophila: leaping, 159; lethal temperature, 674

GENERAL INDEX

Placenta, 732 Plasmatocytes, 434 Plasticity, 191 Plastron respiration, 3, 383 Plataspis: ootheca, 706 Platycnemis: activation and differentiation

centres, 9 Platydema: chitin in excrement, 498 Platyedra: diapause, II 3; lipid require

ments, 519 Platygaster: polyembryony, 729 Platymeris: adhesive organs, 159; saliva,

499; extra-intestinal digestion, 505 Platysamia: see llyalophora Plea: tympanal organs, 273 Plecoptera: tracheal gills, 377; goblet cells,

486; regeneration in mid-gut, 488 Pleiotropic genes, 92 Plesiocoris: saliva, 499 Pleuropodia, 17,732 Plodia: determination of wing pattern, 86;

eye colour, 90; sterol requirements, 519; vitamin requirements, 52 I; scent glands in female, 710; spermatophore, 712

Plusia: somatic induction, 92; tarsal organs of taste, 280; learning and experience, 338

Plutella: recognition of food-plant, 283 Podura: cuticle permeability, 38; deposi

tion of cuticle, 41, 43; adhesion to water surface, 160; water uptake, 667

Poduridae: leaping, 159; respiration, 357 Poecilopsis: intersexual hybrids, 95 Polarized light, 240, 333 Pole cells, 10, 94 Polistes: stylopization, 97; reproductive

forms, 99; antennal sense of taste, 280; oenocytes, 449; peri trophic membrane, 484; temperature regulation, 672; castration and social behaviour, 709; egg-producing females, 723

Pollenia: optomotor response, 322 Polychrosis: diapause, II4 Polyembryony, 729 Polymorphism, 75, 79, 98, 101 - in Aphidae, 102 - in Hymenoptera, 99 Polynema: swimming, 160, 165; respira

tion, 376 Polypedilum: cryptobiosis, 669; resistance

to low temperature, 681 Polyphenollayer, 40 Polyphenol oxidase, 34 Polyphylla: visual acuity, 236 Polyploid nuclei, 87 Polyspermy, 718 Polytrophic ovaries, 701 Pompiliidae: venim, 607; poison gland, 707

Popilius: glycerol and cold resistance, 681 Popillia: water loss at moulting, 49; Dyar's

rule, 61; diapause, 112; stimulating effect of light, 310; chemistry of haemolymph, 427; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; digestive enzymes, 502; pH in gut, 502; uric acid metabolism, 561; metabolism in starvation, 600; oxygen uptake in egg, 633; respiratory quotient, 632; metabolism in pupa, 635; water content, 663; water balance, 667; cold resistance, 679; temperature and rate of egg and pupal development, 685; spermatozoa, 703

Pore canals, 27, 30, 40, 47 Pore-plates, 288 Porthesia: see Euproctis Postural hairs, 264 Potamodytes: physical gill, 384 Preferred temperature, 675 Prepupa, 82 Presynaptic vesicles, ISO

Primicimex: haemocoelic fecundation, 7 I 6 Priophorus: sense of taste in larva, 283 Pristiphora: resistance to parasites, 437 Proboscipedia, I I I

Proctacanthus: responses to light, 3 I 2, 3 I 8 Proctodone, 117 Pro cuticle, 28 Prodenia: hearing, 276; carbon dioxide in

blood, 391; haemocytes, 439; fat body metabolism, 447; passage of food through gut, 497; digestion of leaves, 506; blood sugar, 596; storage in midgut cells, 603; intermediary metabolism, 603; body temperature, 670

Prodiamesa: respiration, 390 Proleucocytes, 434 Promecotheca: sex ratio, 741 Proprioceptive organs, 263 Prospaltella: sex determination, 741 Prostemma: spermatozoa in body cavity,

716 Protease, 499, 502 Protein in blood, 424 - in cuticle, 33 - in fat body, 443 - metabolism, 597 Prothetely, 80, 89 Pro thoracic glands, 66, 83,117,201 Protoparce: recognition of food-plant, 283 Protozoa in digestion, 512 Proventriculus, 479, 480 Przibram's rule, 61 Psenolus: silk secretion, 604 Psephenoides: tubular gills, 379 Pseudagenia: extra-intestinal digestion, 505 Pseudococcus: reflex bleeding, 433; immun-

ity to parasite, 437; filter chamber,


Pseudococcus: continued 493; symbionts, 524; spermatozoa, 708; sex ratio, 739

Pseudocone eyes, 220 Pseodomittia: emergence rhythm, 345 Pseudonuclei, 445, 580 Pseudophonus: protective secretion, 609 Pseudopupil, 222 Pseudoserosa, 730 Psilopa: bacteria and digestion of paraffins,

SII Psychoda: moulting of sensilla, 256; 'tra

cheal lungs' , 388; regeneration in midgut, 489; excretion,. 555

Psylla: pigments and symbionts, 616 Psyllidae: filter chamber, 492 Pterine pigments, 612 Pterobilin, 614 Pteromalidae: nutrition and fecundity,

721; absorption of oocytes, 727 Pteromalus: diapause, 116 Pteronarcys: serosal cuticle, 4; pleuropodia,

18; hatching, 18 Pteronidia: chemistry of haemolymph, 323 Pterophylla: auditory range, 274 Pterostichus: rectal glands, 495 Ptilinum, 43, 46 Ptinus: rate of growth, 68; humidity re

ceptors, 293; diurnal rhythm, 341; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; water requirements, 5 13; carbohydrate requirements, 5 15; sterol requirements, 518; vitamin requirements, 520; temperature adaptation, 676; water and fecundity, 721

Ptychopoda: moulting hormone, 65; somatic induction, 92; wound healing, 100

Ptychoptera: statocyst, 266; peritrophic membrane, 481; striated border of gut, 486; secretory changes in midgut, 486; excretion, 506; Malpighian tubes during metamorphosis, 577

Ptyelus: lime shell, 576 Pulse rate, 421 Pulvilli, 158 Pulvinaria: wax cells, 436 Pupal development, 64, 71, 82 - cuticle, 30 Puparium, 30 Pupipari: campaniform sensilla on wings,

259; symbionts, 522, 742; viviparity, 73 1

Purine excretion, 558 Purkinje shift, 233 Pycnosoma: ovoviviparity, 730 Pygidial glands, 609 Pyralidae: diapause, II2; metabolism dur

ing diapause, 635; resistance to low temperature, 679

Pyrameis: reduplication of limbs, 109; tarsal sense of taste, 280, 284; ommochromes, 617

Pyrausta: voltinism, II2; diapause, II4, II 8; hearing, 273; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; goblet cells, 486; metabolism during hibernation, 601; nutrition and fecundity, 721

Pyridoxine, 520 Pyrophorus: luminescence, 452 Pyrrhocoris: differentiation centre, 9; con-

trol of wing pattern, 87; temperature sense, 292; haemocytes, 436; salivary secretion, 499; melanin formation, 61 I; carotinoid pigments, 614; corpora allata and yolk formation, 726

Queen substance, 609, 710, 726 Quiescence, 14, II I

Radiant energy and body temperature, 671

Ranatra: pleuropodia, 17; responses to light, 312, 318; hypnosis, 314; divisions of mid-gut, 491

Rate genes, 88 Reaction of the blood, 429 - of the gut contents, 502 Receptaculum seminis, 701 Rectal glands, 495, 515 -valve, 497 Rectum, 494 Reduplication of appendages, 109 Reduvius: diapause, 112; hearing, 270 Reflector cells, 452 Reflex are, 191 - bleeding, 433 - chain, 192,331 - conduction, 192 - immobilization, 3 I 3 - responses, 191 Regeneration, 70, 106, 181 - in mid-gut epithelium, 488 Regulation in egg, 10 - during development, 85 Reproductive system, 700 Resilin, 33,42 Respiration, 357 - of aquatic insects, 376 -of eggs, 2

- of endoparasites, 385 Respiratory centres, 398 - metabolism, 622 - movements, regulation of, 391 - quotient, 632 Reticulotermes: caste determination, 101;

respiratory quotient, 632

GENERAL INDEX

Retina, 215, 220 Retinal responses, 194 Retinene, 221, 230 Retinula, 215 Retrocerebral glands, 200 Reversal of heart-beat, 422 Rhabdom, 215 Rhabdomeres, 221 Rhagium: sense of taste, 280; secretory

changes in mid-gut, 486; bacterial fermentation chambers, 5 I I ; nitrogen fixation, 524

Rhagoletis: lime in puparium, 35; recog-nition of oviposition site, 336

Rhagonycha: flight, 165 Rheotaxis, 325 Rhizopertha: oviposition responses, 330;

symbionts, 522,742; lossofwaterfrom eggs, 665

Rhodnius: egg shell, waterproofing, I; pleuropodia, 18; cuticle, 28, 29; cuticular wax, 35; dermal glands, 41; moulting, 41; intersegmental muscles and moulting, 45; water loss at moulting, 49; neurosecretion, 66; thoracic gland, 67; stimulus to moulting, 68; haemocytes and moulting, 69; symbionts and growth, 70; moulting of adult, 71; chromatic spheres, 72; control of metamorphosis, 76; juvenile hormone, 80; prothetely and metathetely, 81; differentiation in epidermis, 84; wound healing, 106; regeneration, 108; arrest of growth, II 6; adhesive organs, 159; origin of sensory neurones, 178; histology of nervous system, 182; cholinesterase, 187; neurosecretory cells, 199; corpus allatum, 20 I; thoracic gland, 202; moulting of sensilla, 256; tactile function of antennae, 257; sense of taste, 283; temperature sense, 292; stimulatory function of antennae, 3 II; orientation by temperature, 326; orientation by smell, 328; reflex chain, 33 I; tracheoles, 361; formation of new tracheae, 363; moulting of tracheal system, 365; cross sectional area of tracheal system, 366; water loss through spiracles, 369; control of tracheal supply, 400; ending of aorta, 415; chemistry of haemolymph, 426; blood coagulation, 438; haemocytes, 434; connective tissue, 439; pericardial cells, 441; fat body, 443; esterase in fat body, 446; oenocytes, 448,450; absorption, 489; divisions of mid-gut, 491; blood pigment in salivary glands, 498; salivary secretion, 499; symbiotic bacteria in gut, 5 10;

522, 523; excretion, 553; diuretic hormone, 555; biliverdin excretion, 560; 568; striated border of Malpighian tubules, 566; excretion of dyes, 572; ionic regulation, 573; salivary glands and excretion, 578; excretion of biliverdin and iron by gut, 578; urate cells, 579; haemoglobin breakdown, 581,615; lipids, 594; glycogen formation, 596; red pigment, 604; water loss by spiracles, 665; ommochrome, 616; oxygen uptake during growth, 633; chill coma, 676; temperature adaptation, 683; developmental zero, 687; micropyles, 705; oogenesis, 704, 70 6; spermatophore, 7 I 3; migration of sperm, 71$; storage of sperm, 7 I 9 ; fertilization membrane, 7 I 8; nutrition and fertility, 720; nutrition and fecundity, 722; corpus allatum and reproduction, 724, 726; oenocytes and reproduction, 727; absorption of oocytes, 727; transmission of symbionts, 742

Rhyphus: peritrophic membrane, 481 Rhyssa: sense of smell, 286 Ribaga, organ of, 7 I 6 Riboflavine, 91, 519, 581, 603, 613 Ring gland, 68, 201 Romalea: inhibitory axons, 151 Route finding by Hymenoptera, 333 Royal jelly, 99, 501, 722

Salicyclic acid excretion, 560 Salivary glands, 498 Salt requirements, 5 I 3 Salts in blood, 428 - uptake of, 513 Samia: temperature and respiration of eggs,

682 Sarcophaga: structure of cuticle, 28, 33;

pore canals, 30; hardening of puparium, 47; click mechanism in flight, 163; perception of ultra-violet, 228; campaniform sensilla on halteres, 314; chemoreceptors, 282; function of halteres, 3 I I; control of spiracles, 393; heart valves, 414; accessory hearts in wing, 420; enzymes in blood, 425; oenocytoids, 435; corpus allatum and yolk formation, 726

Sarcophagidae: ovoviviparity, 73 1

Sarcosomes, 147, 149 Sargus: lime in cuticle, 35 Saturnia: diapause development, II 8;

flight, 165; reversal of heart-beat, 422; haemolymph, 429; body temperature, 670; undercooling, 680


Saturniidae: intersegmental muscles and moulting, 46; wound healing, 107; sense of smell, 287

Satyridae: tympanal organs, 273 Scale formation, 42 Scaptocoris: venom, 608 Scarabaeus: sense of smell, 285 Scaurus: Malpighian tubes, 566 Sceliphron: temperature and metabolism,

682 Scent glands, 609 - organs in mating, 709 Schistocerca: tyrosine in cuticle, 34; neuro

secretion, 66; power of flight muscles, 152; motor nerve endings, 153; adhesive organs, 159; aerodynamics of flight, 164; nervous conduction, 186; corpus allatum, 201; pigment movements in eye, 224; visual acuity, 237; distance perception, 240; tactile hairs, 258; stretch receptors, 237; orientation of swarms, 323; respiratory movements during flight, 370; function of air sacs, 372; tracheal ventilation, 374; control of spiracles, 394; respiratory centres, 397.398; ventral diaphragm, 417; blood volume, 424; chemistry of haemolymph, 426; fat body metabolism, 446; oenocytes, 448; absorption in mid-gut, 489; function of rectal glands, 496, 555, 573; carbohydrases, 504; ascorbic acid needs, 519; B vitamins, 520; nutritional requirements, 521; development of Malpighian tubules, 577; chemical changes during exertion, 601; intermediary metabolism, 603; riboflavine, 6 I 3; pigments, 614, 6 I 7 ; colour adaptation, 620; oxygen consumption in flight, 627; respiratory quotient, 632; respiration in maturing adult, 634; humidity and activity, 671; radiation and body temperature, 672; yolk formation, 704; survival of sperm, 7 I 9; hormones and egg production, 724, 727; parthenogenesis, 734

Schwann cells, 150, 183 Sciara: development of tracheoles, 363;

moulting of tracheal system, 365; pH of blood, 429; fungi in nutrition, 513

Sclerotin, 34 Scolopale, 258 Scolopidia, 260 Scolytidae: fungi in nutrition, 5u; Mal-

pighian tubes, 574 Seasonal dimorphism, 103, 105 Secondary sexual characters, 94 Secretory changes in Malpighian tubes, 567 - in mid-gut, 486

-layer of cuticle, 31 Segmentation in egg, 5 Sense cells, 84, 178, 182 - organs, 215, 256 -rod, 258 Sensillum, 256 Sensory nerve endings in muscles, 264 - neurones, 178 Serica: metallic colours, 39 Sericin, 604 Serosa, 4 Serosal cuticle, 4 Serotonin, 200 Sex chromosomes, 738 - determination, 93, 738 - ratio, 97, 738 Sexual characters, 94 - differences in blood, 427 - mosaics, 93 -races, 735 Sialis: determination in egg, 1 I; cuticle

permeability, 38; thoracic gland, 67; prothetely, 81; stemmata, 241; ionic regulation, 43 I, 573; function of rectal glands, 496; nitrogen excretion, 556; resistance of gills to desiccation, 669

Sigara: chemoreceptors, 28 I ; osmotic pressure of blood, 43 I ; colour adaptation, 619

Silk, 499, 597, 604, 706 - digestion of, 508 - secretion by Malpighian tubes, 576 Silkworm, see Bombyx Silpha: chemoreceptors, 287 Silvanus: water requirements, 5 I 3; carbo

hydrate requirements, 5 I 6; sterol requirements, 518

Simple eyes, 241 Simulium: metathetely, 80; properties of

rhabdom, 220; facet size, 236; respiration of larva, 376, cuticular gills of pupa, 379, fat body pigments, 445; peritrophic membrane, 481; glycogen in mid-gut, 490; distribution of glycogen, 596; colour change, 619

Simultaneous contrast, 227, 232 Sirex: fungi in nutrition, 5 12; transmission

of symbionts, 742 Sisyphus: legs as stimulatory organs, 311 Sisyra: silk secretion by Malpighian tub

ules,576 Sitodrepa (Stegobium): water requirements,

5 13; carbohydrate requirements, 5 16; vitamin requirements, 520; symbionts, 522; symbionts in nutrition, 525

Sitana: activation centre, 7; determination in egg, II ;rateofeggdeveloprnent, 14; orientation, 330; water content, 663; temperature and egg development, 684

GENERAL INDEX

Sitotroga: humidity and pupal develop-ment, 664; cold re&istance, 680

Skeletal muscles, 146 Skototaxis, 325 Sleep, 313 Smell,284 - orientation by, 327 Sminthurus: dormancy of eggs, 14; humid

ity sense, 293 Social hormones, 101 Solenobia: intersexes, 96; parthenogenesis,

734; sexual races, 735; sex determination, 740

Solenopsis: facet number, 235; scent glands, 610

Somatic induction, 92 Sound production, 276 Spalangia: diapause, II3 Specific dynamic action, 626 Sperm pump, 714, 740 Spermatheca, 701 Spermatids, 708 Spermatocytes, 707 Spermatogenesis, 707 Spermatogonia, 707 Spermatophores, 712 Spermatozoa, 708 Sphecophaga: dimorphism, 101 Sphegidae: excretion by gut, 578; venom,

607; poison gland, 707 Sphex: stylopization and sex reversal, 97;

temperature and activity, 676 Sphingidae: flight, 166; absence of ocelli,

243; respiratory movements in flight, 372; body temperature, 670; male scent organs, 71 I

Sphinx: protein in cuticle, 33; control of metamorphosis, 66; electrical recordings from olfactory sensilla, 290; blood and respiration, 388; 'tracheal lungs' , 389; accessory hearts, 419; pulse rate, 421; haemolymph, 425; riboflavine, 613; insectoverdins, 614; temperature during flight, 67 I

Sphodromantis: growth ratios, 6 I; numbers of instars, 63; moulting, 70; regeneration, 109

Spilopsyllus: hormones of host and egg production, 722

Spilosoma: photoperiod and diapause, I 13 ; venom, 608

Spiracular gills, 379 - sphincters, 367 Spiral thread, 30, 357 Spodoptera: phases, 106, 620 Starvation, chemical changes during, 600 Static sense organs, 265 Stegobium: see Sitodrepa Stemmata, 241

Stenobothrus: hearing, 274; accessory hearts, 418; digestive enzymes, 504; digestion of leaves, 507

Stenocranus: adult diapause, 728 Stenopelmatus: regeneration in mid-gut,

488; Malpighian tubes, 562 Stenus: movement on water, 160 Stereokinesis, 3 13 Sterols, 5 I 8 Stigmatic cords, 365 Stigmergy, 339 Stimulatory centres, 190 - organs, 310 Stink glands, 608 Stomachic ganglion, 197 Stomatogastric system, 196 Stomoxys: temperature and humidity sense,

292; orientation to light, 3 17; orientation, 33 I; lipid in mid-gut cells, 487; absence of anticoagulin, 500; protease properties, 504; absence of symbionts, 524; lethal temperature, 674; preferred temperature, 675; nutrition and fecundity, 722

Storage excretion, 579 Stratiomys: hydrofuge hairs and respira

tion, 380 Strepsiptera: function of halteres, 3 II ;

nutrition, 5 IS; viviparity, 732 Stretch receptors, 264 Striated border of Malpighian tubes, 566 - - of mid-gut, 485 Stridulatory organs, 276 Strobinin, 616 Stromatium: digestion of wood, 507 Stylet sheaths, 499, 500 Sty lops: cause of sex reversal, 97; haemo-

coelic fecundation, 716 Subcuticle, 28 Subgenual organ, 262 Suboesophageal ganglion, 181, 194 Sugar in blood, 426 Supercooling, 679 Superposition eyes, 219 Supraoesophageal ganglion, 181, 194 Surface law, 628 Susceptible period in wing development,

86 Symbionts, 522 - transmission of, 741 Sympathetic nervous system, 196 Synaptic conduction, 187 Synchroa: micro-organisms in nutrition,

521 Synoenocytes, 449 Syritta: peritrophic membrane, 481; rec

tum, 495 Syrphidae: diapause, II2; water uptake by

larvae, 667


Syrphus: resistance to parasites, 437; extraintestinal digestion, 505

Systole, 416 Swimming, 160

Tabanidae: flight, 163; Graber's organ, 266; halteres, 268; compression in tracheal system, 370; spermatheca, 701

Tabanus : flight, 165; facet size, 236; chemoreceptors, 287; halteres, 312; circulation in wings, 420; peritrophic membrane, 481; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487

Tachardia: lac secretions, 606 Tachinidae: egg membrane, I; perispira

cular glands, 380 Tachycines: regulation In egg, I I; flicker

frequency, 239 Tactile spines, 256 Taenidium, 30, 357 Talaeporia: sex determination, 738 Tanning of cuticle, 34 Tanypus: heart valves, 414; haemocytes,

436; phagocytic tissues, 436 Tanytarsus: haemoglobin in blood, 390;

phagocytic tissue, 595; lipids, 595; paedogenesis, 733; metabolism and oxygen tension, 629

Tapetum, 220, 243 Tapinoma: oenocytes, 448; protective

secretion, 609 Tarsal organs of taste, 280, 282 Taste, 279 Taxes, 315 Teichomyza: cuticular gills, 379 Tekomyia: paedogenesis, 733 Telea: prothoracic glands, 67, 83; nerve

supply and regeneration of muscles, 109; diapause, lI2, lI6; antennal chemoreceptors, 284; ions and heartbeat, 417; ions in haemolymph, 429; water content, 663; water uptake by eggs, 666

Telephorus: retinal image, 220 Telotaxis, 316 Telotrophic ovaries, 701 Temperature characteristic, 687 - coefficient, 687 - and egg development, 13 - and fertility, 720 - orientation to, 326 .- regulation, 670

- relations, 669 -- sense, 291 Temporal resolution in retina, 238 Tenebrio: chorion, I; cleavage, 6; activation

and differentiation centres, 7; hatch-

ing, 18; cuticle, 28, 29; cuticular wax, 35; dermal glands, 41; moulting fluid, 43,48; Dyar's rule, 61; thoracic gland activity, 67; moulting, 70; corpus allatum and metamorphosis, 78; prothetely, 80; regeneration, 109; luminosity curve, 229; dermal light sense, 245; chemical sense, 279; sense of smell, 285,287; olfactory sensilla, 290; humidity receptors, 293; orientation by smell, 328; orientation by humidity, 329; learning, 338; fluid in tracheole endings, 361; appearance of air in tracheoles, 363; cross-sectional area of tracheal system, 366; water loss, 369; sodium-potassium ratio, 429; osmotic pressure, 431, 575; haemocytes, 434; fat body, 446, 447; oenocytes, 446, 451; digestive enzymes, 502; peritrophic membrane, 480; secretory changes in mid-gut, 488; digestive enzymes, 488; absorption, 489; hind-gut, 494; absorption from rectum, 495, 574; pH in gut, 502; water requirements, 513; water drinking, 513; salt requirements, 514; nitrogen excretion, SIS, 557; enzyme inhibition by galactose, 517; excretion, 554; Malpighian tubes, 563, 564; leptophragmata, 574; chemical changes during growth, 599; starvation metabolism, 600; melanin formation, 610; oxygen consumption, 626; surface law, 628; respiratory quotient, 632 ; anaerobiosis, 630; oxygen uptake in the egg, 633; respiratory metabolism in pupa, 634; water content, 663; response to humidity, 669; lethal temperature, 673 ; temperature and oxygen uptake, 684; temperature adaptation, 677,683; temperature and rate of pupal development, 685; water and fecundity, 721

Tenent hairs, 159 Tenodera: growth ratio, 62 Tenthredinidae: moulting glands, 41; pre-

pupa,82;stemmata,241 ; fat body, 444; cryptonephridial tubes, 563; urates in epidermis, 579; yolk formation, 703

Terminal filaments, 256 Termites, cuticle, 28; polymorphism, 101;

sound production, 276; chemical sense, 279; crop, 477; peritrophicmembrane, 481; hind-gut, 496; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; digestion of wood, 507; protozoa in digestion, 512; fungus gardens, 512; nutrition, 515; ovary, 700; nutrition and fecundity, 723

Termitoxenia: viviparity, 731; hermaphroditism, 733

GENERAL INDEX 825 Termopsis: oxygen upt~ke, 629; water con

tent, 663; water balance, 667 Testis, 707 Tettigonia: absolute muscular power, 151;

properties of muscles, 153; control of muscle tonus, 189; peripheral inhibition, 189; co-ordination of walking, 193; circus movements, 196; hearing, 274; perception of sound direction, 275; diurnal rhythm, 341; digestive enzymes, 504; digestion of leaves, 507; insectoverdins, 615

Tettigoniidae: egg, 2; tympanal organs, 272; sound production, 277; Malpighian tubes, 566; urates in fat body, 580; micropyle, 705

Thamnotrizon: hearing, 269, 273 Thanatosis, 314 Thaumelea: colour change, 619 Thelia: parasitic sex reversal, 97 Theria: viviparity, 731 Thermal constant, 686 - death points, 674 - summation, 686 Thermobia: number of instars, 64; ventral

glands and moulting, 67; regeneration in adult, 108; thermal death point, 675; spermatophore, 712; impregnation and oviposition, 724

Thiamin, 5 I 9 Thigmotaxis, 3 I 3 Thomaspis: filter chamber, 493 Thoracic glands, 67, 201 Thrixion: respiration of larva, 387; ostial

valves, 414; oenocytes, 447; nutrition, 5 15; excretion, 572

Thysanura: corpus allatum, 78 Tibicen: Malpighian tubes, 564 Tidal air, 373 Timarcha: diapause in egg, 15, 17; regen

eration, 109; sensory root of ganglion, 181; 'reflex bleeding', 433

Time memory, 339 Tinea: excretion, 556 Tineola: determination in egg, 12; per

meability of cuticle, 36; number of instars, 64; moulting, 70; imaginal determination, 75; peritrophic membrane, 484; mid-gut epithelium, 486; absorption in gut, 489; faeces, 497; pH in gut, 502; digestion of keratin, 509; vitamin requirements, 500; excretion, 45 I; metamorphosis of Malpighian tubes, 577; water balance, 666; larval nutrition and fecundity, 723; impregnation and oviposition, 724

Tiphia: control of sex, 740 Tipula: flight, 163; brain and oviposition,

195; movements of rhabdom, 222; function of halteres, 3 I I; respiratory movements, 370; heart valves, 414; accessory hearts in wing, 420; bacterial fermentation chamber,s I I; Malpighian tubes, 564

Tipulidae: compound eye, 220; spiracles, 365; 'tracheal lungs', 388; bacteria in digestion, 5 I I

Tissue oxidations, 622 Tomocerus: oenocytes, 447 Tonofibrillae, 72, 149 Tonus, ISS, 189, 196 Tonus hypothesis, 316 Topochemical sense, 333 Tormogen cell, 42 Tortrix: tannin crystals, 581 Touch,256 Toxoptera: polymorphism, 104 Trabutina: manna, 497 Trachae, 30, 357 Tracheal cells, 447 - end cells, 359 - gills, 377, 385 -lungs, 388 - system, 357 - - appearance of air in, 363 - ventilation, 373 Trachein, 385 Tracheoles, 359 Transpiration through cuticle, 36 Trehalose, 595 Trial and error response, 316 Trialeurodes: water uptake by egg,s; wax

glands and permeability of cuticle, 37; colour vision, 233; excrement, 498; lethal temperature, 674; sexual races, 735; parthenogenesis, 735; control of sex, 741

Triatoma: moulting hormone, 65; control of metamorphosis, 79; temperature sense, 290; hypnosis, 314; discharge of carbon dioxide, 395; salivary secretion, 499; anticoagulin, 500; vitamin requirements, 520; symbionts, 522; 524; anaerobic metabolism, 631; storage of sperm, 719

Tribolium: tanning of cuticle, 34; prothetely, 80; humidity response, 329 ;pH of midgut, 502; properties of enzymes, 504; phosphorus requirements,s 13; oenocytes, 448; water requirements, 5 13; carbohydrate requirements, 5 I 5; essential amino acids, 517; sterol requirements, 518; vitamin requirements,s I 9, 722; repugnatorial glands, 608; temperature and fertility, 720; oenocytes and reproduction, 505

Trichiosoma,' 'reflex bleeding', 433


Trichogen celJ, 42 Trichogramma: sex ratio, 97; dimorphism,

101; diapause, 115; chemical senses, 286; sex determination, 740

Trichoptera: water uptake by egg, 4; pH in gut, 502; gills, 515

Trigona: perception of ultra-violet, 227 Trilobite larvae, 732 Triphaena: temperature during flight, 671 Tritocerebrum, 198 Tritogenaphis: anthocyanin, 6 I 5 Triungulin, 79 Troilus: colour vision, 233; extra-intestinal

digestion, 505 Tropaea: water uptake by egg, 666 Trophamnion, 729 Trophospongium, 185 Tropism theory, 316 Tropotaxis, 3 I 5 Tropoxylon: moulti g hormone, 65 Trypetidae: perist-.racular glands, 380;

symbiotic bacteria, 510, 522, 742 Trypodendron: successive induction of re-

sponses, 322 Tryptophane, 91, 616 Tsetse-fly, see Glossina Tuberolachnus: honey dew, 498; nutrition,

524 Tubular glands, 578 - muscles, 147 Turgor muscles, 157 Tympanal organs, 193 Tyrosinase, 439, 610 Tyrosine, 47, 610

Ultra-violet perception, 227 Undercooling, 679 Urate cells, 579 - granules, 569 Urea excretion, 557 Uric acid in blood, 427 - - excretion, 557 - - in fat body, 445, 580 - - synthesis, 561 Uricase, 559 Urine, 553 Urophora: diapause, 117 Urticating substances, 608

Vanessa: moulting hormone, 64; control of pupal development, 83; determination of appendages, 85, 87; regeneration, 108; pigment movements in retina, 223; perception of red, 228; colour vision, 232; colour vision in larva, 241 ; hearing in larva, 269; tarsal organs of taste, 280; chemoreceptors on tarsi,

282; dermal light sense, 318; phototaxis, 320; menotaxis, 32 I; oesophageal invagination, 483; goblet cells, 486; secretory changes in mid-gut, 487; regeneration in mid-gut, 489; hind-gut, 496; digestion of chlorophyll, 507; pigment excretion, 6 I 5, 617; Malpighiantubes, 562,575 ;urates in fat body, 580; ommochromes, 617; pupal colour change, 619; respiratory quotient in rest and flight, 632; body temperature, 670

Van't Hoff's rule, 687 Velia: astronomical navigation, 341 Venoms, 606 Ventilation control, 370 Ventral diaphragm, 417 - glands, 67, 201 - sympathetic system, 198 Vermileo: storage excretion, 581 Verson's glands, 41 Vesicula seminalis, 708 Vespa: stylopization, 97; dimorphism, 99;

sarcosomes, 149; properties of flight muscles, 154; flight, 165; muscles, 147; flicker frequency, 239; antennal sense of taste, 280; 'tracheal lungs', 389; respiratory movements during flight, 372; circulation in wings, 420; accessory hearts, 420; secretory changes in mid-gut, 486; use of sugars, 517; excretion, 568; distribution of pigments, 611; pterine pigments, 612; temperature regulation, 672; 'nutricial castration', 723

Visceral muscles, 146 - nervous system, 196 Visible spectrum, 227 Vision, 215 Visual acuity, 235 Vitamins, 98, 519 - and diapause, I 16 Vitellarium, 700 Vitelline membranes, 3, 704 Vitellophags, 6 Viteus :polymorphism, 104; gall production,

500; excretion of dyes, 581; cyclical parthenogenesis, 736

Viviparity, 730 Voltinism, 15, 112

Wachtliella: chromosome reduction in the egg, 10

Walking, 156, 192 Water balance, 667 - content, 663 - in excretion, 553 -loss, 369

GENERAL INDEX

- - during moulting, 47 - proofing of the cuticle, 46 - relations, 663 - - in the egg, 4 - requirements, 5 I 3 Wave-length discrimination, 230 Wax, 436, 606 - canal filaments, 40 - digestion of, 509 - glands, 37,451 - in cuticle, 28, 35 - in egg shell, I

- in oenocytes, 450 Weismann's ring, 68, 201 Wing muscles, 148, 154 - pattern, 85 Wings, circulation in, 419 - as respiratory organs, 389 Wound healing, 106

Xanthophyll, 61o Xanthopterine,612 Xenopsylla: water loss, 369; diffusion con

trol, 367; control of spiracles, 392; micro-organisms and nutrition, 521; water uptake by pupa, 666; lethal

temperature, 674; nutrition and fecundity,722

Xenylla: purine excretion, 559 Xestobium: digestion of wood, 507; fungi

in digestion, 5 I 3 Xylanase, 508 Xylocopa: peritrophic membrane, 484; lip

ase in flight muscles, 603 Xylocoris: haemocoelic fecundation, 716 Xystrocera: proventriculus, 479; digestion

of wood, 508

Yellow body, 489 Yolk formation, 702, 724

Zephyrus: diapause in egg, 14 Zootermopsis: caste determination, 101; pH

in gut, 502; protozoa in digestion, 5 12; fungi in digestion, 5 I 3; microorganisms in nutrition, 522; scent trail, 610; anaerobiosis, 630; respiratory quotient, 632

Zygaena: defensive secretions, 608 Zygaenidae: metallic colours, 39

INDEX OF AUTHORS - Springer Link

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