IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 2 SLIDE 1 Automation System...

IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY

TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMSCHAPTER 2 SLIDE 1

Automation System Master Station



Outline

I. Introduction

II. System Architecture

III. SCADA System Design Criteria

IV. Master Station Functions

V. EMS Functions

VI. DMS Functions



Introduction



Introduction

Control Centers objectives:Monitor and control in real-time the power systemControl the generation and delivery of the power required to fulfill the customers needsPerform economical and reliable system operation.



Introduction

Control Centers objectives:Maintain the voltage, frequency and time error within permissible limits

Network Based Automation



WAN

Hub

RTU

Network Operator

Control Center

Application ServerCommunication

front-endRouter

Router

Gateway1 2 0

1 2 2

1 1 9

IED

1 2 0

1 2 2

1 1 9

IED

Substation A

Hub

RTU

Router

1 2 0

1 2 2

1 1 9

IED

Substation B

Network Operator

Control Center

Application ServerCommunication

front-endRouter

Dedicated Line

Remote Maintenance

1 2 0

1 2 2

1 1 9

IED



System Architecture



System Architecture

Modern control systems are based on distributed architecture:

Easier to upgradeEasier to maintainHigher reliabilityEasier to adapt the necessary processing power



Typical System

Communication Front-endApplicationServer 1

ApplicationServer 2

dual LAN

CommunicationServer

Mimic BoardControler

to otherControlCenters RT

U

HMIHMI



Subsystems

Human-Machine InterfaceApplication ServersData ServersCommunication Front-EndsCommunication Servers



Human-Machine Interface

Communication Front-end

MMI

Application Server 1 Application Server 2

MMI

dual LAN

CommunicationServer


to other ControlCenters

RTU




Multi-VDU systems.Based on Windows technology (X-Windows or Microsoft)New trend: WEB based




Mapboard

Wall mounted mapboard

Rear-projection systems (more expensive but more flexible)

Mosaic systems (less flexible, but still show topology during complete power failure)



Application Servers


MMI


MMI

dual LAN

CommunicationServer



RTU



Application Servers

Support SCADA software

Support EMS/DMS functions



Data Servers

Historical and future data baseConfiguration and database management

Software version management



Communication front-ends


MMI


MMI

dual LAN

CommunicationServer



RTU



Communication front-ends

Used as an interface between substations and Control SystemMission criticalSupport different communication protocols (DNP3, IEC 60870-5-101)



Communication Servers


MMI


MMI

dual LAN

CommunicationServer



RTU



Communication Servers

• Used for communication with other systems, control centers or utilities.

• ICCP (TASE.2)• WEB server• Intranet/Internet• Enterprise



Master Station Design Criteria



Master Station Design Criteria

AvailabilityMaintainabilityPerformanceSecurityExpandability



Availability

Total time of satisfactory operationAvailability =

Reference period



Availability

Redundancy is used to improve the reliability:Hot standbySpare redundancy



MaintainabilityThe system must have appropriate tools to enable many functions:

preventive maintenance, system debugging, corrections, updates and enhancement,Database updateTests

without affecting system performance or reliability.



Performance

Response time

the length of time it takes from the instant a function is requested until the instant the outputs from this function are available

Normal state

Emergency state



Expandability

Available physical spacePower supply capacityHeat dissipationProcessor throughput and number of processorsMemory capacity



Expandability

• Point limits of hardware, software, or protocol

• Bus length, loading, and traffic• Limitations on routines,

addresses, labels, or buffers• Unacceptable extension of scan

times by increased data



Security

AccessIntrusion



Master Station Functions



Master Station Functions

Data AcquisitionData ProcessingSupervisory ControlTaggingHuman-Machine Interface



Data Acquisition

Scan the RTU and support the following objects:

Single Point Information (SPI)Double Point Information (DPI)Measurements (ME)Single Command (SC)Double Command (DC)Set-Point (SP)Integrated Total (IT)



Scanning Mode



Data Processing

Convert raw values to engineering unitsCheck for limits violationGeneral alarms



Data Processing

Calculated valueP = V * I

Manually replaced value



Supervisory Control

Direct OperateSelect before operateSet-point



Direct Operate

MasterStation RTU

Control



Select Before Operate

MasterStation RTU

Device Selection

SelectionConfirmation

Control

ControlConfirmation



Set-point

MasterStation RTU

Set-point



Tagging

Provides information or warning to operator regarding restrictions or malfunctions of power system devices




Worldmap :A Worldmap is a two-dimensional graphical representation of the real world. Each point in a worldmap is defined by a pair of unique X, Y coordinates.




Zooming :

This function changes the magnification of the worldmap.




Zooming




Decluttering :This function gives the ability to mask or unmask information while zooming.




Decluttering :




Panning :This function allows the operator to move the worldmap window to different positions over the entire worldmap.




Privilege ManagementEach user has some privileges related to its role.For instance, the database administrator must not have the privilege of sending commands to the RTU




Area responsibility

Physical parts or functions of the power system can be assigned to different operators.

The operators can obtain information from other areas but are not able to control the devices in other areas.




User Profile :Each user has some preferences on the way information is displayed on the screen. Preferences are stored in the user profile and are applied when a user logs into the system.




Tabular Displays :Tabular Displays show a listing of application data. For instance, a tabular display can list all the substations and display their current status.




Trend Displays :Trend Displays show graphically the variation in time of power system data. This data can be selected by the operator.



EMS Functions



Generation Planning and Scheduling

Unit CommitmentInterchange Transaction SchedulingLoad Forecasting



Generation Control

Economic Dispatch Calculation Automatic Generation Control (AGC-LFC)Generation Reserve MonitoringNERC Performance Monitoring



Power System Analysis

Real time or study mode• Network Topology Processor• State Estimator• Network Reduction• Dispatcher Load Flow




Real time or study mode• Optimal Power Flow• Short Circuit Calculation• Contingency Analysis



Marketing

OASISAvailable Transfer Capability (ATC)Total Transfer CapabilityRisk management and analysis




DMS Functions



DMS Functions

Geographic Network DiagramOutage Management SystemFault LocationState EstimatorLoad Flow

IEEE POWER ENGINEERING SOCIETY TUTORIAL ON AUTOMATION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 2 SLIDE 1 Automation System...

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