Information and Information and Communication Communication Technology Technology

Module 1: ICT and the Module 1: ICT and the Information SocietyInformation Society

Dr. Racidon P. BernartePolytechnic University of the

Philippines

Outline:Outline:•Technology Defined

•Technology and Society •Importance of Technology•Impact of Technology•Technology in Education and in other areas/fields of Specialization

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology DefinedTechnology DefinedThe word technology comes from the Latin root

“texere,” meaning “to weave” or “to construct’ or Greek “technologia”—”techne”, an art or skill or craft and “logia” —the study of something, or branch of knowledge of a discipline.

The application of science or knowledge to commerce and industry ; The application of knowledge to solve problems or invent useful tools. (Dictionary.com).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology DefinedTechnology DefinedPurposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities (BusinessDictionary.Com).

An object or sequence of operations created by man to assist in achieving some goal. A body of human knowledge that can be passed along from one place to another and from one generation to the next.

A design for instrumental action that reduces the uncertainty in the cause-effect relationships involved in achieving a desired outcome (Rogers, 1983).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Components of Technology Components of Technology

Hardware aspect —consisting of material or physical objects.

Software aspect —consisting of the information base for the hardware.

“we often think of technology as an autonomous, isolated force that is disconnected from the rest of society” (Slack, 1984).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Communication and Information Communication and Information TechnologyTechnologyThe hardware equipment, organizational structures, and social values by which individuals collect, process, and exchange information with other individuals.

Facilitated the exchange of information on a many-to-many basis through computer-based communication systems.

“the new communication technologies,” “the new media,” or “interactive communication, “it is obvious that a very basic change is occurring in human communication (Rogers, 1986).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Communication and Information Communication and Information TechnologyTechnologyCommunication technologies are the nervous system of contemporary society, transmitting and distributing sensory and control information, and interconnecting a myriad of interdependent units (Grant, 1996).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

NATURE OF THE NEW NATURE OF THE NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIESCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES

The key technology underlying all the other new communication technologies is electronics

Most of the New Media function in many-to-many information exchanges

Dichotomy of Channels:

•Interpersonal Channel•Mass Media Channels•Machine Assisted Interpersonal Channels

Characteristics of ICTCharacteristics of ICTInteractivity– the ability of the communication systems to “talk back” to the user.

De-massified– the control of mass communication systems usually moves from the message producer to the media consumer.

Asynchronous—the capability for sending or receiving a message at a time convenient for an individual.

Infotainment—the technology is atoll for both information and entertainment .

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and Society Technology and Society refers to cyclical co-dependence, co-influence, co-production of technology and society upon the other (technology upon culture, and vice-versa). This synergistic relationship occurred from the dawn of humankind, with the invention of simple tools and continues into modern technologies such as the printing press and computers.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and ValuesTechnology and Values

The implementation of technology influences the values of a society by changing expectations and realities.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and ValuesTechnology and Values

Mechanistic world view: Viewing the universe as a collection of parts, (like a machine), that can be individually analyzed and understood (McGinn 1991).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and ValuesTechnology and ValuesEfficiency . A value, originally applied only to machines, but now applied to all aspects of society, so that each element is expected to attain a higher and higher percentage of its maximal possible performance, output, or ability. (McGinn 1991).

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and ValuesTechnology and Values

Social progress. The belief that there is such a thing as social progress, and that, in the main, it is beneficent.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Ethical Implications of Ethical Implications of TechnologyTechnology

Challenges traditional ethical norms. Because technology impacts relationships among individuals, it challenges how individuals deal with each other, even in ethical ways

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Ethical Implications of Ethical Implications of TechnologyTechnology

Creates an aggregation of effects. One of the greatest problems with technology is that its detrimental effects are often small, but cumulative.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Ethical Implications of Ethical Implications of TechnologyTechnology

Changes the distribution of justice. In essence, those with technology tend to have higher access to justice systems or, justice is not distributed equally to those with technology versus those without

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Ethical Implications of Ethical Implications of TechnologyTechnology

Provides great power. Not only does technology amplify the ability, and hence the strength, of humans, it also provides a great strategic advantage to the human(s) who hold the greatest amount of technology

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and LifestylesTechnology and LifestylesAn Uncritical Euphoric Stance The rise of a leisure classA more informed societySets the stage for more complex learning tasksIncreases multi-tasking (although this may not be simplifying)

Global networkingCreates denser social circlesCheaper pricesGreater specialization in jobs

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and LifestylesTechnology and LifestylesA Hypercritical, Pessimistic Stance Pollution is a serious problem in a technologically advanced society

(from acid rain to Chernobyl and Bhopal) The increase in transportation technology has brought congestion in some

areas Technicism (although this may not be complicating) New forms of danger existing as a consequence of new forms of

technology, such as the first generation of nuclear reactors New forms of entertainment, such as video games and internet access

could have possible social effects on areas such as academic performance Increased probability of some diseases and disorders, such as obesity Social separation of singular human interaction. Technology has

increased the need to talk to more people faster. Structural unemployment Anthropogenic climate change

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and Institutions & Technology and Institutions & GroupsGroups

The rise of very large organizations: e.g., governments, the military, health and social welfare institutions, supranational corporations.

The commercialization of leisure: sports events, products, etc. (McGinn)

The almost instantaneous dispersal of information (especially news) and entertainment around the world.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Technology and Technology and Internationalization Internationalization

Globalization of ideasEmbeddedness of valuesPopulation growth and control

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Impacts of Technology Impacts of Technology

Desirable Impacts are the functional effects of an innovation on an individual or social system. Understandable impacts are innovations dysfunctional effects on an individual or social system.

Direct impacts are the changes to an individual or social system that occur in immediate response to an innovation. Indirect impacts are the changes that result from the direct impacts of an innovation.

Anticipated impacts are changes caused by an innovation that are recognized and intended by the members of a social system. Unanticipated impacts are changes that are neither intended nor recognized.

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Impacts of Technology Impacts of Technology 1.Unemployment2. Greater socio economic inequality as the information gap between the information-poor and the information-rich is widened

3. Increase gender inequality (especially in computer use)

4. Information overload (define as the state of an individual or system in which excessive communication inputs cannot be processed, leading to breakdown)

5.Concern about the invasion of privacy6.Decentralization (defined as the degree to which a social system is characterized by a wide sharing of power and control among the members of the system)

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Problems and Issues of Problems and Issues of Technology Technology

TechnophobiaImpersonalizationInvasion of PrivacyInformation Overload

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Needs and Importance of Technology Needs and Importance of Technology in Educationin Education

Needs Education is a lifelong process therefore anytime anywhere access to it is the need

Information explosion is an ever increasing phenomena therefore there is need to get access to this information

Education should meet the needs of variety of learners and therefore IT is important in meeting this need

It is a requirement of the society that the individuals should posses technological literacy

We need to increase access and bring down the cost of education to meet the challenges of illiteracy and poverty-IT is the answer

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Needs and Importance of Technology Needs and Importance of Technology in Educationin Education

Importance access to variety of learning resources immediacy to information anytime learning anywhere learning collaborative learning multimedia approach to education authentic and up to date information access to online libraries

Technology

Lecture presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for Master in Communication

Needs and Importance of Technology Needs and Importance of Technology in Educationin Education

Importance …teaching of different subjects made interesting educational data storage distance education access to the source of information multiple communication channels-e-mail,chat,forum,blogs,etc. access to open courseware better accesses to children with disabilities reduces time on many routine tasks

Technology

report presented by Racidon P. Bernarte for DEM 742-Educational Resources and Technology Management

Information SocietyInformation SocietyIs a nation in which a majority of the labor force is composed of information workers, and in which information is the most important element.

Represents a sharp change from the Industrial Society in which the majority of the work force was employed in the manufacturing occupations, such as auto assembly and steel production, and the key element was energy

Communication Revolution will lead to Information Society

Information WorkersInformation WorkersInformation workers are individuals, whose main activity is producing, processing, or distributing information, and producing information technology Information Is patterned matter-energy that affects the probabilities to an individual making a decision Lacks a physical existence of its own; it can only be expressed in a material form or in an energy form. It can be substituted for other resources, such as money and/ or energy

From Massification to From Massification to IndividualizationIndividualization

Key Characteristic

s

Agricultural Society Industrial Society Information Society

Key Element Food Energy InformationEmployment Farmers Factory Workers Information WorkersKey Social Institution

Farm Steel Factory Research University

Basic Technology Manual labor Steam Engine Computer & electronics

Nature of Mass Communication

One-way (Print Media)

One-way (Electronic Media)

Interactive (NICT)

Comparison of the Agricultural, Industrial and Information Society

Industrial Society vs. Information Industrial Society vs. Information SocietySociety

Mass SocietyMass ProductionMass CultureMass Media

Individualized SocietyDemassified in nature New Communication Technologies

Research UniversityResearch University

An institution of higher learning whose main function is to perform research and to provide graduate training

The university produces information as the result of the research it conducts, especially basic research, and produces information-producers

The EndThe EndThank YouThank Yourpbernarte@pup.edu.phrpbernarte@pup.edu.ph

Assignment Assignment Module 1: ICT and the Information SocietyDr. Racidon P. Bernarte

CHARACTERISTICS OF ICT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF ICT AND ITS IMPACTITS IMPACT

Identify 3 technologies you are constantly using (at work or at home). Describe the characteristics of these technologies and discuss how these technologies change the way you live by citing the following:

1.Direct and Indirect Impact2.Desirable and Undesirable Impact3.Anticipated and Unanticipated Impact

GOVERNING THE INFORMATION GOVERNING THE INFORMATION SOCIETYSOCIETY

Information Society changes rapidly, often creating Information Society changes rapidly, often creating social problems such as the massive adjustments of social problems such as the massive adjustments of the work force necessitated by the change form the work force necessitated by the change form industrial work to information work. industrial work to information work.

How is society to cope with these sudden social changes? What is the role of government and private companies in addressing these changes? Cite and discuss economic, political and social theory/ies that will provide clear understanding of the phenomenon.