~he Journal of

RECORDING THE' ELECTRICAL' ER.A VOL. XXVI WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST, 1928

Does Trade Unlonlsm Pa'j?

The Job vs The "Movement"

OFFICIAL P INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD

!.-'L, .. CATION OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS

DEVOTED TO THE CAUSE OF

ORGANIZED LABOR

AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR IN ALL ITS

DEPARTMENTS

NO.8

ALWAYS SOMETHING NEW! PROTECTION-STEP BY STEP

How to p rotect t he family has always been an urgent human problem.

Strong walls and iron bars, with weapons of oift'nse and defense, played their part in the old days. Gradual1y the means of protection became more subtle and less direct. Money was accumulated to buy protection, and in that way finances were substituted for foree. Much later, those persons who could not accumulate sufficient money wert' given the opportunity of protecting their loved ones by means of life insurance.

This elementary form of life insurance was the forerunner of many other forms, so that now one buys insurance for each member of the family. and for each condi­tion and contingency which needs financial protection.

Take the IIl&tter of "'cleaning up" debts at death. A small policy, payable at death, is the ideal way of caring for debts and relieving the living from this added burden.

Safeguarding the home. Buying a home by installments is not nearly so serious a matter, now that life insurance can be procured, to cover the amount of the mort­gage or trust, and to leave the home free and clear of debt.

Old A ge is something we "side-step" as long as possible, but how much easier it is to look forward to the inevitable old age, knowing that a fat insurance policy will mature at age 65, or income payments will begin when earning ability grows less!

Then think of higber ed ucation. Many parents, feeling their own shortcomings, are determined that each child 'Shall have a college education as u start in life; and they make sure of this by means of life insurance, insuring either their own lives or the life of the child.

HAVE YOU TAKEN T HE FIRST, ELEMENTARY

STEP OF PROTECTI NG YOUR LOVED ONES?

This company issues the standard forms of

life insurance for men, women and children,

joint life policies for husband and wife, endow­

ment at age 65, home safeguard policies, chil­

dren's educational policies, and group life in­

surance for labor organizations.

Write today and get information and rates.

Union Cooperative Insurance Association HOME OFFICE : MACHINISTS' BUILDING WASHINGTON, D. C.

_. -_._---_._------

OF F I C I AL ORGAN OF THE

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL WORKERS AND OPERATORS

PUBL I S H ED MONT H LY

T hi, JOl,lr,. . 1 will not be beld ruponl ib le fo r .. je ..... IlI:pre .. "d by ca r re.pondenh.

The fir l t of .. ee l. m o nt h i. t1.e d Oling da t ,, ; .. II copy "lU l t be in ou, baad. on o r befo r e,

t;XECtlTIVE OFFICERS

Inte rnaUonal P resident, J. P. NOONAN, 508 M.chinlau' Bldg., Washln&ton, D. C.

InUm.t!onal Secretary, G. M. BUG-1'1141..1;1, 606 Machinist.' Bldg .. Wllsh­ington , D. C.

International Treasurer, W. A. RooAN, '47 South Sixth Aye., Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

INTERNATIONAL

VICE P Rr..s IDENTS

E. INGLES, 669 St . James St. , London , Ont., Can.

J, '1'. Fr.NNI':J.J" 45 P.rkmlln fit., Oor ­ehelter. Man.

E. F . KLOTER, Machin;.'.' Bldg., Wash_ ington. O. C.

A. M. BuLL, P. O. 81):1 111141, New Urleana, La.

D. H. B ROACH, Machlnl'tI' Bldg., Wuhington, D, C.

D. W. TIIACY, 2505 Yupon Street, H"u~l"u, T~ ~.

T, C. VICKERS, 537 Paclfle Bldg., San Frandseo, Calif.

E. J, EVANS. 130 N. Well. St., Room 1201, Chicago, Ill .

I NTEItNATIONAI.

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL

CHAS. I'. FON», Ch"i""'''lln. Machini~t.' Bldg., Waahlngton, D. C. Fiut Di!trkt G. W. WIIITFORD

1517 Third Ave., New York, N. Y. S~ond Distr ict F.!.. KELLY

95 Beacon St., Hyde Park, Mnu. Third Diltrict N. P. GOIlD~N

607 Bipio", Blvd., Pltt.burgh, Pa. ,"'ourth Diltrict EDWARD NOTIIIUCLE

110 R St., N. E. Wa.hlnRton, D. C. Fifth DiBlriet M. J. BOTE.!':

4928 Grand Blvd., Chlcll.go, Ill. Sixth Di~t r iet _ G. C. GA1)BOIS

1532 No. BOlton St., Tubll., Okla. Seventh Dil t r ict C. ~'. OI,IV£11

2524 Bryant St., Denver, Colo. Eighth Dil trict J , L. McBlllOIl:

165 Jame. St., Labor Temple, Winnipeg, Call.

TELEPH ONE OI'ERATORS'

DEPARTMENT

President J ULIA O'CONNOIi 1108 Tremont Bldg., BOlton, Mau.

Secretary MAllY BRADY t 110 Tr.mont Bldg., BOllon , 1\I1U.

Contents

I" rontlsplece COil of l'tIemberBhlp In Labor Organhatlon~ The Job .... the "Mo\'emenl" E"ana lItOJmorlam We Claah .... lth Ihe Leaglle for Induatrlai Rlghlll Modem Unionllll! T:lke I'lace of Old Gulldll,!,en The TalkIe_The Thr .... t of Monopoly • C(lmperS Mem(lria l NuelellH of Labor MU8eum ~'lve-D.y Week Brlngft New TyllC uf Vacall I.In \'lIra llel C(llumns f:xpOIIe Fra mes or Parly Plalrorm. Chicago S(lde!y St'n'" ... \·osl·Gradullle C(lune Splendid Theatre! Nil Wilhuut Malic or lJght Edltorlal , " 'oman's " 'ork Itotary Brush or LIght ]'alntll Pictures Arar Ca rtoon Ibdlo , E\'eryday Srlcnce CGn~tructive Uints '-a'",ulhn Soldier'll Nol XeflIed In Labor MO"emenl A nevlcw ot the Seatll" Yo:Ilu .. Dull: C .... ., CGrre&pondence 1'11" t' rcelands In Mrmnriam , Local Union Offidal \teeel ill.

P •• ,,. 395

3" 399

." ." .02

'" '" 40'

'" '" ... 412

'" m

' 1' m 418 <to 4!!O

421 -435

'" 447

Magazine Chat Robert Whituker, writing in

the International Labor News Service, raises some sharp ques· tions of immediate importance about the labor pre3ll. Mr. Whitaker believes emphatically that labor pnpers should be more widely rcad by what is commonly known ns the "gcnernl public," and he lays the blame upon labor unionists thcmseh'cs f(lr this condition. !Ur. Whitaker is worth CJu(lting directly.

"And 1 have come to the very seriou8 conclusion that the labor papers especially ought to be much more widely read t.han they arc tOOny. J am n(lt inter· ested in the factional slants and alurB which are sot:netimes too evident in them, particularly ill the 1lI01'1,l rltuiO;:lt1 of Lhem. There is much also in many of the labor journals of only local ('f vocationul interest. But when liberal allowance is made for these limitations, and for the fact that the subscribers in some instances are arranged for with too little assurnnce that they either want or will rend tho publication, the fact remains that prncticnlly every Inbor paper I have rCl\d and studied IS worthy of a \'ast!y wider reading thun it gets,"

Mr. Whitaker believes thaI; unioni5ls d(l n(lt push their pub­lications with enough zeal.

"To some extent the labor rolk~ are themselves to blame for this 8itulltion. They them· selves think (lf their papers tO(l lightly, read them perfunetorily, if they rcad them at all, and never think of trying to push them, aa f(lr instance re.ligious propagandists do. There is no lueh thing a8 a labor eV8nh'"Cl. ism, an elIort t(l JlUt (lver to the r(llkH on the (lutside that kn(lw­ledge and understanding and interest and enthusiasm for Inbor's rights whereby th(lse rights might hnve n real chance to prevail with the public."

We believe that Mr. Whitaker fails t(l take into considemti(ln the odds against the labor pres!f, The labor prellll refuses to utllbe the same chenp appeals that mBny l)Qpular mngazines do, and sh(luld be commended for this stand. On the other hand, labor hI\! been sl(lw to make the most of its publicnti(lns, and in eapitalizing the good will which liell latent in other groups, and in itll own,

"t11

394 The Journal of Electrical Workers (tnd Operators

AI' I'IML O~' MOUNT/dr.', ~'OR"~ST. i'!T1I1M~I S AND S~:A IS WEI,], NI('HI IIIUEflISTIBT.E '1'0 1I1!~I AN ImlNCS OUltlNG 'l'IH] 01' 1-:1" MONTIIS. T IIAT If! WilY THE MOV I;;~H:N'I' I'OH V,\(',\,1'10N WITII I'A\' I'on WOltKlms IS I'lc\(~,NNIAL AND GII. I NINO ~a:w FOHC~l. MT. UAINn:lt CAL, LS AI.[, II ICA ItTS, IIIUI':S I' Il:C-

TIYF) 0 1,' ~:CONOM Ie STNrlON. (tl« I~al;~ ~ O~.)

THE JOURNAL OF

ELECTRICAL WORKERS&OPERAIORS OFnciel Publica tion of Ihe Interne lional Brotherhood of Electrical

"

Vol. XXV II WAS HI NCTON , D. c., AUGUS T , 1928

Cost of Membership In Labor Organizations By CHARLES P. FORD. Chairman I nternational Extculioc Council

TilE United States Department of Labor, Independent research bureau., ceona­min. Bnd .tnU.tidane. h .... e devo ted

milch time during the past ten yun in de­terminill( the all-important maltar of changea in living COlt, inciudinll' In their lu rvey l uch major iteml I. food, hOUling. doth in, and other important commoditie. having to do with the living .landard. or the great man of the people.

There i, one impOrtant item of upendl. ture that ia neccS5uy for .11 trade unlon­isllJ to mUI. thllt has either been over· looked or trea~d in • very minor WIY­co.t of memberlhip in labor organlutlon.

An examination or thia matter dlleloau that the due. and aueumenta of memben of labor organbationt in dollara and centa .re very considerably higher than t .. n YUri

ago, a rnlher natural situation ruullln!: ]argely Irom the change that hu Otturred in the purthasinlt' ... Iue or the doll.r. It il known that what the dolt.r will huy at pruen! com~red with lome put J'f'rlod repre.enu the most prad;cal "yard Itick" lor meuur\n" living COstl,

To really determine what cOil or mem benhip in labo r orgnniutiona il .t pre~ent. comp. red with lome past date. con.lder.­lion mUll he given to luch r.ctora ., the ever·chllnging Il.IIndard , of indust ry. to the new methods resulting from wh.t II Known al the m.ehine age. 10 Ihe new method$ nece ... ry for I.bor organization, to UIO in meeting the evolution that i, conltantly occurring in indultry and commerce. While tho fundamental objective of tr.de uniool of a der.de Or two ago. in r.d durin" the entire life of the movcment. il larlf'!ly Ih .. .. me, methodl and lervice have undergone ... ery revolutionary chang",. Tod.y for rep­rcaentative. of organized labor to enter Into. conference with employen on matter of wagel and working conditIon without polleuing compotent d.ta. .nd Information rel.tive to industry .n d eommerce mellnl " Jl;:re.t dludnntage, if not cerlaln defeat. F;xperlonee ahows that thOle who do enter Into l ueh negoti.tions or confereneea with out being .dcquately equipped ulually loee everything they had hoped to g.in. Thil r.et meana that labor orgnnllRllonl mUlit maint.in methodll of faet-lIndinlf unthou"ht of • few yea,. .go. Such requirement. mean. coolider.ble .ddition to oporatin" expenlea. and ...,present one ... ery promi­nent renon why COlt of membeuhlp h .. "pparenlly Increased. And, too, lI.bor or­I;"nlutionl h.,·e by no meanl found It pOI. eib le. praetical or ad ... ant.geoul to dllpenle with any conaiderable pllrt of the old Iyl­terns of open,!ion.

1..«,,"1 EK 1IC n lle Moun l ~

Another constantly growinlt' cKpenle In. cidenta l to the operation of labor orltanlall. tiona II Ihe ever-growing an d eonltantly de ... eloping tendenc)' of thOle unfriendly to the in ternta or I.bor to In ... olve I.bor or-

The modern tra de untOn has many aspects. It is a technical in strume nt for advancing produc­tion. This h aa been r e peatedly prove d . It is a w eapon of nego­tiation for a dvancing the common interest. o f me mber. on the in­dustrial field and to protect im­portant economic int e re s t •. Though these functions are pri­marily important , tre mendously important also are its bene fits, won through co-ope ration, to each and every member. These are not so well known, and not ao fre­que ntly streaaed. Ne ver have they been so a-raphic::ally set forth as by Chairman Ford in this arti­cle which answers conclusive ly the question, Does trade union­Ism pay?

Cllniz.tion. in cOltly litle.tlon. It i. not nece ... ry for the uUle of .ction to po .. eal re .. on or merit, for .nybody with fund I .ull'lcient to employ I lawyer c.n Inltitute l ults .t l.w .plnat anybod,. ehe. Caule Or lOaton for the lult need not exilt, and with what .ome people cl.lm to be the rapid deieneratlon of our judlci.1 1)'llent Ihere il eonltllntly Ifrowln« a feeling th.t organlzationl or Indlvldu.ll .re no longor lecure In their properly pouellion. or othe r r ight.. Whether thrl feelln lf lowardl the cour ll II jUlt or unjuat m.tters IItlle. The Important thinK II th"t such belieb are entertai ned by • very I.rge numher or tho eltizenl of thl. country, lind organlled l.bor'l experience with le".1 In ... ol ... ementl demonltrlll'" th.t theN1 II not. complete IIblence of re.lOn for thll feeling tow.rds Ihe courtl, .1 thcre II Harcely • d.y but wh.t o,",o.nlntlonl of I.bor are confr onted with .orne new lek.1 .ctlon, detense of which repreeentl v.,t outl.YI of money.

lIowe ... er, wh.t th is .n.lyail cO(ltemplatCi I. the COlt of mcmbenhlp In proportion to the returnl.

Fiut, it h known that wsgea lind worklnll' ~ond ltionl .. ro tho returu ordinarily ""­petted from trade union mc.nbenhip, and In theory the dUel Ind "lellmentl .N1 paid by the memben In o rde r that proper ".ndlrdl of wnll'''' .nd worki nlf conditionl mllY be obt.ined and m.lntalned. So it folloWl, If lueh returns are an .ppro.ch to

•• tiafllction, the purpolie for which tho r'nem­be .. h .... o m.de the ir contribution. hna heen att.ined. lIowever, it ia pouible In the modern trllde union to 11'0 further in COlt .n.1y111 .1 well a l re lulh, lind it i. inter­esting to loti what RUch .n.lysi. IhoWI; It .110 i. Interesting to lee what poople «rouptd together may .ccornpli'h by the colledhe mohiliution .nd the coo]M' rRli"e ule of • pOrtion of their fund •.

Aa .n Imparti.1 illustration it leeml bot­ter to take. view of the si tu.tion. hoth from .n Inurnation.1 .nd 10<:.] union .tandpolnt.

A. an Inte rn.tlonal eXimple, the Broth­crhood of Electrical Worken will be uled, .1 .0 e:o:hlbl t, It being .n organization at le .. t of .... er.ke lit.e .nd lI ... erllge p rogreu In thl Americ.n I.bor mo ... ement.

COlit Pe r Ye.r An.lyzed

The membeuhlp of the Brotherh ood of Elet'trical Worken .nd p.,. to their Interna­tional Org.niution $24 per yesr. Thia .mount ('overl .11 oper.ting elpenlel, luth .~ por capita to the American Federation of Labor .nd the .ffiliated departmenll thereof, 1.lari" .nd ezpenlel of oll'leetl. rfprellnl.ti ... u .nd other employool, leg.l expenlOl Intern.tional in I('ope, and all othe r item. incidental to the proper and ('melenl oper.tlon of the organilation. AI • lummary, the p.yment of thl, per capita t llX la p ri m.rlly made .1 inlurance nR.intl low .... ~ •• nd Inferior working condltionl, and at ... uranee of progreu in the future. The experient'O or the memben .howl th.t their espectalionl relative to this form of protection are reasonably well mel, and it would appear that the COlt of protection of the EII'('tric.1 Workeu' economic wel­tare I, within rel.on, .nd about wh.t they expected to Ipend,

lIowo ... er .• l urvey of results de ... eloped lome very illuminating inforn"ltion. The Electricnl Worken not only receivo their economic Inlur.nce in return for the ir con­trlbutlonl, but allo tec ... i ... o life Inlurance f rom the International In the mllzimum of 11,000, .nd old .ge .nouity .t age 65 of $~O po r month. 10 as an international mat­ter the Electrical Workeu h .... e three form~ or Inlu r.nce: Lite, old age .nnuity .nd full prott'('tlon of economic condition., for $2~ per ye. r.

Of further intereat, let us lee wh.t Ilmi­]a r pl'Otl'ctlon would COlt an individulIl. T ... obta in life Inlurance at all. the indi ... ldual mud 1.1IIr.ctorily meet the phylicll re­qulremenh of life IMurllnee Iland/lrds. Then a llumlng thnt no one in the Brother­hood of ~~Iectrica] Worker~ il o ... e r IJG )'O/lrs of nsre. the COlt of $1.000 lire inlunnee IB lin Indl ... ldual would be $!!O per yenr. At thc s tlme IIlCe an old age IInnulty for II mlln IIsre ali would cOlt not leu than $12 per year ror $10 per month. Thi •• nnuit )' t o becorne etTeetlve lit .ge 6ft. AI In indi ... id­u.1 no protectl"'e economic Inlurance la

396

obtainable so we have the following inter­esting exhibit:

Coat or membership in the Brotherhood of Electrical Worken (loeal dues not in­cluded), $24 per year.

Memben receive life innrance, $1,000, old age annuity at age 65, $40 per month. Eeonomi,,- protection.

Acting 08 lin individual the cost would be:

Per Y"aT Lire insuranec, age 3~ _ $20.00 Old age annuity at age 65,

$4.0 per month ~8.00

Tolal $68.00

Paid To Delonl'

Another way of stating it would be that considering the protection received, other than ec.onomie welfare protection, the members lin paid $4~ per year to belong to the Brotherhood.

It is II nntuTal reaetion for members to figure that the $24 paid to the international body is only a portion of what their grou payments to the loe81 unions rep­resen~ so again it is interesting and infonnative to ana]y1.e the cost of men'bership in n modern­i~ed loeal union.

To simply use one local would bring up the argument "not a representative example" $0 sev­eral local union exhibits are used, sele<:ted from various pll r ta of the country, lind preparation of the exhibits is based on the same assumption that no member of these locals is over age 35 and thnt all members could meet the usual physical requirements of life insurance shtntlards. and it will be noted that e""h mem~r in his item of coat i. allowed in­terest at 6 per cent on his initill­Hon fee.

Our flrst exhibit will ahow a local union 01 the Eledrica] Workers in the largest city ;n the nation, Local No.3, New York City.

Annual Interest

dues .. _. __ . on initialion fee .. _ .....

Total . __ ... ___ .. _

Per Year

$66.00 9.00

$.5.00

Members ncei\'e $3,000 life insurance, $4.0 per month old age annuity at age 65.

Cost 01 same protection as an individual:

Per Year

$3.000 life insurance at age 35 $60.00 $40 per month old age annuity at

age 65 ... _._._._. __ .:._.......... 4.8.00

Total __ ._ ....... _. __ .. _ .. __ . $lOS.OO

Members save $33 per year by coopera­tion; also receive their usual union protec­tion of economic atandards.

Plttaburgh, Local No.5

Per Ynr Annual dues __ Interest on initiation fee .... _ ........ _ ....

Totsl _________ _

$87.20 9.00

$96.2(1

Member receives $3,000 liCe insuranee, $40 per month old age annuity at age 65.

The Journal 0/ Electrical WOrke1'8 and Operat01'8

Cost of same protection II.! an individual: Per Year

$3,000 lile insurance, at age 85._._.. $60.00 $40 per month old age annuity at

aRe 65 ..... _._ ........ _ .... _............ ....... 4.S.00

Total $108.00

Members bve $11..80 a year hy eo-opera­tion; also receive their usual union protec­tion of economic standards.

Chicago, Local No. 13' Per Year

Annual duu __ ._ ... _..... .. .... __ ...... _. $72.00 Interest on initiation fee .... _ ..... _. __ .... 12.00

Total ._ ..................... ____ .. __ ._ $84.00 Members receive $4,000 life insurance, old

age annuity of $75 per month. Cost 01 aame protect ion a l an individual:

Per Year Life insurance $4,000, at age 35._... $SO.OO Old age annuity of $75 per month .. _ 90.00

Tol.n1 ._._. __ ....... __ ... _ .... _. __ .... _ $170.00

Member~ uve $86 per year by eo-opera· tion; sbo receive the usual union protection of economic atandard~.

Local No. 1-5t. Louis, 1110.

Annual duet ........................ _ .. _ ....... . Interes t on initiation fee

Tolal _. __ .

Per Year $72.00

9.00

$81.00

Member receiYet $2,600 life insuranea, UO per month old age annuity at age 65.

COlli oC same protection as an individual: Per Year

$2.600 li fe insurance a t age 35._.__ $52.00 $40 per month old age annuity at

age 65 ._ .. _ .. ___ ......................... _ 48.00

Total $100.00 Member saves $19 per year by

eo-operation; also receivet the usual union protection 01 econo­mic sundardll.

Loc:al No. 6~-Younplo .... n, Ohio

Per Year Annual duCi ._ .. _ .. _ .. _ .... _ $102.00 Interest on initiation fee 9.00

Total .. _ ... _ ... _ .. ____ $111.00

Member receives $3,300 life in­luranct', $40 per month old age annuity at age 65.

Cos t of same p rotection aa an individual;

Per Year $3.300 life inlu rance at

age 35 .. ___ .. .... _ .. _ .... __ $68.00 $40 per month old aRe

annuity at age 65 ..... .... _ 4.8.00

Total .. __ ._ ..... _ ... __ ... $114.00

Member saves $3 per year by co-operation; also receives the usual un ion prolection of econo­mic 8tandllrds.

In compiling these exhibits the most consen-alive calculutions have been us.cd. Evidence of thia exis!s in the lact tbat no con­sidera tion was given to sick and acciden t benefits which the vari­ous local .. provide out of the eosl figures used herein, such henefits averaging appr oxima tely $12 per week lor l3-week periods. This was purposely lelt out of the exhibits Cor the comfort of the few critics present in all organ­'wtions oC labor who, thought­leuly or otherwi!e, con8tantl~' op­pose all movement.! towards modernizing the labor movement and developing and utilizing e"ery latent possibility that labor organbationa bave.

Tbese exhibits by no means CO\'er tbe field of labor organizations that have brought modern p ractices and benefih into the o rganizations' liIe. They are selected as repnsentative e:r.amples of what can and il being accomplished by the !:Teat mass 01 trade unioni~ts who a~ determined to relegate to the past hat-passing and to substitute independence for dependence, ele­vating the members of organized labor. their Camilies and dependents to a bigher economic level and eonstantly adding to the toilers' sell-reBpect by removing the cause for alms giving.

This article probably contsins some very distasteful information for those who are opposed to the workers' progreu and who would prefer to keep the great man of toilers on the borderline 01 poverty. It probably contains little comfort for anti­union organizations, exponents o r company unions, and memhers of trade unions who are opponents of orde rly and progreasive steps fo rward.

---"The machines are coming last. It woo't be

long before we get tbe mines me<:hanized. And when we do, the man won't be u miner any more, coming to work when he pleases; he']] be B meehanie--or un uU!killed laborer-and he'll do what he's told."

CAfln:R GOODRICII ill- lJaffMr'. Mal7=;"~'

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators 397

The Job vs. the " Movement"- A Century of Conflict

T HE meeting of the local union has been called to order. Routine bUlinen Is transacted, lind t here is introduced I),

ques t ion of policy. An employer hu vio­lated /l minor clause IIf thu ugreement. What is til be done about i t ! To most of the Brothers it seems II simple mRttcr. The business representative II! the local shall call upon the employer, explR;n the conae· quences of his act, and seek to adju$t the matter, Nllt 511 to Jllhn Gallllpcr. lie risel s lowly in hill seat, clean his throat, hitches up his trousers, lind launches into a long oration on the need of a united front, so­lidarity, class consciousness nnd the de­fence of the movement. To Galloper's ex· cited imag-mation, thia minor point of con­flict with the employer-a routine busineu mauer-becomes a colonal incident in the class struggle. It is an occnsion for heroics. It is n call to arms. It is II tes t of every red-blooded membe r's unionism. So he tests their endurance by fl .peecb oC some two hours In length, presuming: upon the right of free speech. In the end the mattor is settled in the only way i t cau be Jeuled, by re ferring the matter tn the bu"lneu r('pre­sentative. John Galloper ~ it. down in dis­gust. He is 8ure the union is going to the dog~, that the offienra lire all eorrupt. nnd tbe entire movement i. doomed.

The foregoing is not an exaggerated ex­ample. Similar incidents OcCUr in virtuully every union in America. on every meeting night. They represent a real point of con· fiict between certain group. within the union--a confiict that haa been going on within the labo r mov~ment for It century. fheconfl ict may be described lIS the iuuc between the "intellectuals" and the "pralt­matists" in the labor movelnenL It il not a fancied conflict. It {!li s ts. Every union. i.t has experienced It, and mnny hllve be· held the hllvoc wrought by the' battlu pre­cipitated by the "intellectuals."

Ne ... Light On Old Conflict

New light is thrown on this century_old contest, there is intensive ctllriflcatiou of the iBSue&, by a book just published by the Macmillan Company, "A Theory of the Labo r Movement." This is the work of Selig Perlmnn, pro(euor of economica, Uni­veuity o( Wisconsi n. Perlman is an uso­ciate of John R. Commons, who has done 10 much for labor history and labor re ­search in the Uni ted States.

We realize that when one is attemptin(!" to render judgment 00 a book soon after he has rcad it, he is likely to be blinded by his OWn enthusiasm. nut, taking this (lid into consideration, we can . 11)" calmly that lhi , book, "A Theory of the Labor Move­ment," is an important book, pe rhaps a great book, mllyhap an epoch-making book. It undermines the shallow philosophy that hilS ofteu mnsked as scientific. and that has on occasion been uBed 11& a basI for firing broadsi des oC innuendo ngllin!t the union. It is in toueh with (IICt. CIl1!cd n "theory" of the laber movement, it il not

~o much a theery. or n philolephy, 8! II 'UC­cinct reporting o( what i. now enacting on the industrllli field. a c1enr-eYl'd lummnry of industrilll conditione, and nn intelligent jUltillcation of the prelent "olicle. of tho Amer ican unlona. Lut YOllr we reviewed William English WllllinK's "Amcrlcnn Lllbor nnd Ame rican Demoera~y." At that time in reference to thnt work, we IlI id: "The American Federlltion of l,abor ;1 hall a century old. and the intellectuals, who with honerable but orten miupent zeal have tried to reform it, have never taken time to undentand it. Wallini' ha •. " We now can add another name to thi ' meagre liat­that of I'erlman.

Labor Knowi What Labor Wa .. "

Perlmnn draws the ilsue thul: "Trade unionism, whkh il enentiall~'

pragmlltic, I truKglu conltantly. not only "lI"alnat the en,ployen for an enlarged ( 1)­

portunity meuured in income. sec urity IIlId l iberty in the I hop lind indultry, but Itrug­glea aiao, whether cOllldo Ul ly or uncon-8ciously, acUvoly or 'nerely passively, ngllinst tho iutc1!ectunl who would frllme it~ programs fllld Shllpe ita pelici u. In thil s truggle by 'organic' labor agllinst dominance by the intellectuals. "'e perceive a cluh of SII ideology which hold . the con­crete workingmen in the center el ita vision with a rival ideology which envinges labor merely •• _n 'ab,trnct mass In the ;-ri)"l of an nb.tract Ceree.'''

"Labor', own 'home grown' Ideology il dilcloled enly through a Itudy of the 'working rules' of labor'l own 'institutlonl.' The trade union. lire the Inltitutlonl of I_ber today, but murh can be learned nlso from laber'lI inUitutlofll In the put, nota­bly the gild • ."

Perlmlill Is Cllution. of swnllowing nc­cepted lI"enernll~ntlon& of nny kind IIbout Ilibor. H I~ ie II flnt-hllnd atud~·. IJ!II method i. thnt of the Investigator, not of the prol'llgandlst. Ho Wit S rnised 118 11 Mllrx_ illn secilliist, nnd it i, doubly significant, thcrefore, thnt he trucu the development ef I"bor in nuaaia , Germllny, Crcat Dritniu lind the United Statu. a movement sharply diverging: from the accepted Marxian lhe­oriu. "E"/'n in Uuulll," he layl, "It i. an irony of fate that the l ame revolu tion whl~h I,urportl to enact into life the Marx_ ian locial prolt"ram .bould belle the truth oC Mati'" materi .. U.tie IntcrpretJtion of histery. and demonstrate that history il Ihllpcd by both econemlc and non-ecomonic Corees.'· lie shows th_t the ruling clauta in RUSIia f .. iled to manffest a will to powe r, and I hoWI why the Itate I~ I trong in Runla under the bolahevlks, limply bt~lIule it was I t rong under the CzurC Even the capital. ilta, when they nrose, were but mere "ill_ dus trilll courtiers" ~ubjcct to tho atnte. And the peasnnt village, on the other hllnd. WII8 a kind of Communism 111 prBctiee even und~r the cZltu.

When he puaes te Germany, limiln r 10· cial condition l as In nuuia do not show

themselvel . "But whereas in Rnuia the factor or the I tllte wa. everything, in mod_ ern Germllny the politicnl factor of the monlL rchy was largely" sc reen behind which II .olf·rella nt elan e r industrililists was buil ding up itl own might. This might wa s not In weslth alone, which in timea of acute revolution n,ay add but little to ruistllnce power. It WI!.! in the ferm o( a highly com­plex and dellcatel)" adjus ted economic mech­IInlem, on which even avowed re"olutionilts would shrink from laying inexperienced hands."

"DoubtIeu," he continues, "the Itnlngest lingle Cactor which caused the extreme di­vera:ence eC paths between the RUliian and thl German revolution. lay in the condi­tion. of their respective peaaantries." The Cerman pealants backed the indu$trillista.

Theoriu Smas.hed by FaetM

In German)", he agllin traces divergence from the accepted Marxian theor~'. There is "no tendency of the middle claaB to dis­nppenr, p redicted by Mnrx." lie fi nds in Gcrmllny, nnd drnmatiellily traces, t he con_ fiiet as betweon the intel!eetuals Hnd the unionists revenling the present triumph of ,he trade unionilts. "The German labor moyement hu therefore IIhelved. perhaps for good iU fo rmer radi~al anti.capitaliAm and Is endeavoring instead through eeo­nomic .nd political pressure to get for labor the mlllimum (rom cllpitalism." Again, "German trade unionism is fully BWllre that imprevement in German lsbor Blandsrds depends upon a continuous solv­Ing of theu~ problem •. "

In ~;nglsl1d , he vieW!! the "oldest continu_ ous labor movemeM in the world." H . findl there the temporary ueendllney of Intellectuals largely becau se the trade union leaden! were failing to meet the every-day, llflleticnl problems On the industr ial field with nggrenive ness.

lie find s IIgain the nceepted Mnrxian the­oriel do not hold good. "If industrilll capi­tAlism hu lherefore been, with one hnlld, euglgcd in rlli lli ng its own potential 'grave­diggen' in the Ahape of a wage·enrning clan. as Marx said. ,t haa, with tbe other, sufficiently coutradicted thllt by multiplying potential derendul for itulf." In this in. stance, the white.eonar clau,

Ue finds the .;Iuation in England not _Itogether utiafaetery, "In the pllrty it­lelf, the leadership whieh is omotionally wedded te Intellectulllist I logalll, will eitber hflve to learn realism or else yie ld place to leaden from the trade unions."

It i. hiB flnalyRis of the conditions that produced the polici!!!, and the policies themsel \'ea, of Amcritnn labo r that i8 to UI of immediate interest.

AmeriCA n I. s bor Face8 Fach

Americnn labor has never been dominated by Int('llectuaI8. The Knights of Labo r were, and thllt erganization was 8upeneded by t.he American Federalion of Labor. The AlIlltienn Federation of Labor is ageing

398

concern today beuu •• it correctly n~ad the native c:ondhlont and the national PlY­cholorY. tn. account of the oriein of the Federation II Important.

"They 'llldled Marl< and the olhu Euro­pean ,od.liall, bllt they were ,110 cnn­atantly teatinr to ~ whit appt>111 Wefe 'taklnl' ... ilh the worklng",en In that thc)' eame In .. permanent memberl, and whn appul, had only an ephemeral C'lfeC't.. It ••• In thi, ununll uhool, In whieh theory ..... mixed ",ith direct uperienec, that they dilcoveru that the union card ....... the nnly rea' bond that held wlCe earnerl tn­~ther--nol politic •• whether 'greenback' or "cl.lin.. They found lh.t • labor move­ment became proof 1II'IInit dl.interration nnly when It ..... built .round the job. Thue dlll'(lveriu did not at flnt utrange them from Inciall.m I' • proR', ... m for the lu~ure. Uut ... time ... ent on .nd they be­c.me en,follcd In their 'job unioni.m: whkh tlchewed polltk •• nd every other quick ,od.l p.nace.; la they watched their organilltlo", grow from nothlnjt to .ome­thing Uk ... the larlr'l and ".ble Uritiah 'AmaIKamat"d' uniona. from which the In­ternational Cigar "'hike,.' Union. reorg.n­hed by Str"ler .nd Gomp"'fI, copiu its CGmprehen.lve btlnellt fe.tur ..... nd cen­tr.Hled IInancl.l m.nllll:ement: .nd II they oblerved with pride ho,," their orpn! .. -tlonl, .m.1] though they .till were. held together Ind grew .t .... dlly. In dell.nee of the altunl!lng tid .... 10 bu.inell conditionl .0 flt.l to the llbor orlllnilation. which had preceded thel,.; then the origin.1 111-daliltk e1.II-con.e1ou.neu of these 'phil­osophefl-orglnluu' gradu.lly p.led It not .hriveled. .nd In It I pillee flourllhed I robust trade unlonllt 'jeb and wa~ con.cioulne .. : ..

Joh VI. Cl.u C(ln8dou~ne ..

It Is thl. Job-eon.dou.nell thllt he finds the driving force of American labor.

"The Ideology of the Amerl~an Federa­tion of Labor ..... both .n urban and a w.ge eerner', Idcology. It w .. b .. ed on /I

cOnlciou.ne .. of Ilmlted job 0llportunitics -I .Ituatlon whkh I'1!quired thnt the indi­vldu.l. both in hi, own Interut .nd In thet of • group to which he Imm"diltely be­longed .hould not be permitted to oeupy any job opportunity enept on the condition of ob.ervlng the '"ommon rule' 1.ld down b,. hi. union. The .lfnt wly to lS.ure thi. group control onr opportunity. though .1.0 • way .0 ideal that only a union a. favored a. th. prlnte ... ' w •• Ible to .ctu.l. he it entlrel,.-wu for the union. without di.placing the employ~r •• the owner of hi. bu.lnell Ind rilk tlker. to beCGme the ViT_ tual owner .nd Idmlni.trator of the job •. Where .uch an outrl .. ht 'o .... nerthip· of the jobs w •• impolilble. the union would aeek. by collectiye bar .. ainlnc with the employe .... to ntabliah 'rillhu' in the Jobl. both for the indlyidual Ind for tho whole CTOUP, by incorporating. in the trade alr~ement, teg-1Illtion. applyln" to overtime, to the 'equII turn' to priority Ind ."nlority In employ­ment, to apprentice.hlp. to the Introdu~t1on Ind utili.ltlon of mlchlnery. and .0 forth. ThUll the Indu.tri.1 demeeflcy envhaged by thi. unlonllm ducended from Marxl,m WII not II democracy of Individualistic pro­duce,. exchanljing produClI under free eom­petition. with the monopolist banilhed. but • highly Integrated democrncy of unioniled worke,. .nd of luoclllte,l employer_mlln_ agefl, jointly conducting lin Indulltrl.l gov­ernment with '1.10'" mandatory upon the Indivldu.l."

lie believes thl non-partiun politi­c.l policin of the A. F. of L. to be lound.

"The unionism of the American ,"'edera. tlon of Labor 'fitted' lIut. beuule it reeOIl-

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

niled the virtuilly in.lterable con~ervlli.m of the Americ.n community., regardl prl­\'Ite propert~· and private initi.tive in eco­nomic life. It. too •• ccordlngly arrayed it· self on the .ame lide. demanding on I,. thlt the employers .hould concede the union'. right to control the jobl throuch 'recoanl­tlon' embodied in the trade agreement: and in this attitude it rem.ined unperturbed in the f.ce of all the charwn by .ocllll,t intellectu.l. of treaton to llbor or Iven of corruption_

s.w America A, It b

"Thi. unioni.m 'fitted' ,econdly. beeau.e it grlsped the definite limitation. of the politi~1I1 iutrument under the Amerl~ln Constitution Ind under Amerieen condition. o! political life. It therefore u.ed the political WC/lpOn only Iparingly and with great circumlpection. It went Into politi­ti~1 prima.-ily to gain freedom from advefle interfercnce by judicial .uthorlty In Itt eco­nomic struggln; it did not wish to repeat former experiencn when trade union. Itanding .ponsor for. labor p.rty found themlelves dragged down to the ground by internecine politiI'll Itrlfe. The American Federalion of Labor made IlIeU felt pollti_ ully by u:erciling preuure on the old partin; but it kept politic. It arm'l length from it. own cheri.hed trado union orgen­illiion. It mOlt be acknowledged. however. that the American movement. led by leaders rilen from the rankl, could with.tlnd the political temptation with ao much Kreater ease than the European movement., becau .. it saw Iiltle to choole betwcen an autocr.tic capitlli,t management of Indu.try .nd a bureaucratie one hy 'experts' appointed by ~he Itete."

While approving of the PII~t of Americsn labor. f'erlmlln finds in the prelent certliin factora thlt are disconcerting. lie picturu American bUlinen III I "weltare cllpital­ilm." He find. that it ha. made conceuionl to the common good which tend to dilifulu itl ruth len nnti-.oeld objectivet. Thete conceuionl hnve tended to IIrrut the growth of Amcrican unlont. These prob_ lems can be met by the uniona throuJ"h milking I Ilirger technical contribution to the industry. through co-oper.tlon .nd through proving tbe union'. locial value. Even the intellectual may have a plaee in the labor movement it he glvea up hi' !\In­lianic complex. cenet .houtina: corruption It eyery turn. ""Uet bickering •• lI'ivn up tactiu that tcnd to di.rupt. Ind HCOmet a quiet worker within the movement.

Quoting Karl S .. ing, Perlmln concludu: ,. 'A real d,"-mO<:n.cy in indu.try depends

on an organic unity in indu.try. There· fore a life .nd death .trunle between the two facton. l.bor Ind cepi,.I. each of which remain, ab-olutely Indi_pen •• ble in the pretent state of lodety. Ihould be "Irtually ruled out from conaider.tion. Labor fully admitted the torreetnu. of thil view when it gave up the tactic. of cataltrophlc .ction. Th.t .. as tantlmount to .n admluion that the present i. too deeply rooted in the p .. t to leave the lea.t pouibilily of • revolu­tIonary chlnge through a coup. Cet&ltro­phie change il lealt concelvlble In modern economic .ociety, tlnce it. illues are evcr anuming more lind more complicated pIt­ternl. During the recent German rovolution, it wu found that while the political conatl­tution could indeed be ahered In t he r.,vo_ lutionary way, no lueh tictici could be effective in the economic o rder.'''

The book clariflu dark issues. It polnh clearly to objectiv" 11 ready fixed. It per­forms a distinct tervlce.

Sheik, Taught to Write Name,

Inventor Believed Alphabet

of

One of the pill.ra of modern ci ... mutlon. the Latin alphabet now in world-wide UII! for pnnting .nd .. rlting. wu probably in­vented about four tbouaand yel,. .,0 by .eme intelligent but uneduclted Semitic Ihelk who hid been ,aulbt by an E-gypLi.n .cqu.lntance how to wfite hi. n.me in the .;gyptlan hieroglyphics. much .. a modern traveller might teach a alvage chief how to write hil name in the ... hite min'. letten. Somewhere In Egypt or Ar.bil tbere m.y .till uilt an andent hlerOllyphJe in.erip­tion which this ...... ge inventor Iludied oe· ca.lon.lly to refrelh hi. memory of the Itrlnge new algn,. It wa. probably the acd­dental order of the words and aill'n' in thl. Egyptian in.eription that dctermlned the order of lettefl in our modern "A U C.:' Thil la the rom.ntic .tory ... hlch appea,. In recent .tudies of the origin. of our .lphabet communic.ted to the Archeological In ltitute of America by Profeilor 8. L. Ullman of the Unlve",ity of ChicalfO. The modern alphabet was obtained by th, Roman. from the Greeh who got it. In turn. from the Phoeniciln.. That great "I-far­ing people h .. d .lre.dy borrowed It from the It ill more andent Semitic peoples of Syril .nd Palettine. Careful comparilonl of the Ihapu of the lettera In lurviving in_ Icrlptlonl made by theae ancient Semitn with lhe Ihlpel Ind meaning. of ,ignl In the Egyptian writing .uggeat Pro{ello r Ullman'. Idee th.t Egyptian hleroglyphicl, ~opled by lome penon not too well le­qualnted with them. formed thO! oriMin81 buis o{ our alphabet. It I. Internting that a .imilar incident occurred In Clrly America, when an Americ.n Indian used the Engli.h Ilphabetle Ilgnl 8nd lome othen to mak<'! up the {amou. "Cherokee Ilphebet" much used {or a time to write the aboriginal l.ngUlgei.

SECOND CROUP OF HONORE D ME MBERS FILE FOR PENSIONS

JULY

In .ccord with the provillon, of the eon"l­tutlon requiring that the InteTnational Secretary ",h.1l publilh the n.me of tbe applicant .nd th, numbeT of the local union of which the .ppliclnt ;. a member in the tyO illllutl of the officill JOUIIS'AL preeedinr tbe nellt meeting of the I. E. C .• " the li.t m.klna second application for the Brother­hood Pen,ion. ia herewith appended.

Leeal L'nion

o. , , , " " " 'OS

'" 124

'" '" 13. 13. 1M 13. 13. 200

lJember _ Mathew Phlllipy

A. K. Atherton John J. Simplon

.. __ ArthuT White JM. U. Ze.

,_ George Malone N. T. Moore

_ ..... __ .. _ ._, IIanl EilenbuTll' .... __ George Embree

__ .. A. A. Ar land .. ~._, ._ .. __ .... ____ Edward Olch __ .. _ ..... _ George W. Dlerdorf

_. _._ ............. Otel r Lonl John Louison

George W. Miller. Sr. R. E. Meinhard

Je rry J. Sulllvin W. J . Loonard

G. M. Bumuu:m. lnternlltlonal Secretary.

I t

The Jou1"nal of Electrical Workers and OPC1'atOl'S

lin itlrmorium

EDWARD J . EVANS

International Vice President

Born April 20, 1870

Died July 23, 1928

399

400 The Journal 01 Electrical Workers and Operators

We Clash With The League For Industrial Rights

T ilE June, 1923, Iuue of "LAw and Labor," publication or the LeIlIl'UIl for Ind\ldrial Right!, contnln l an edllorlal

from the Eu:cnucAL WOItKI:R.l JOUIHfAI.. ( April. 1928) with extenlive. comment. We .re publilhing this disc:uuion wilh our !'fI ­

apOn.te in order to indicate to our rellderl the wide gnp bet .... een the gentlemen of the I .... and I.bor. Morality and lepllty have al­way. duhed; In tlib dillCu .. ion the dramatic tardlneu of the I""" in recognl.llng man'. monl •• pit.tion. is vividly re ... tal~. Our fe,delll will note how the gentlemen of the law never really mei!! the I .. un rallied by our editorial, and Inva riably lidelnck the economic realities involved:

The stralegy of l"oor'l opponents. how­eVH. Is to II rnnt Ihl, fundQ'nontni right nnd then seek 10 rutrlet the organization from functioning In Importllnt lind funda _ mentlll d i re~tlOnl. Th" Kood efreet . of I.bor organiution In brlnKlnK law lind order and humllniltic reforml to Indu"try are nevt'f ~onceded by labor', Gpponent..

~~. The right to a .oc!a[ w.ge. Thla right I. Ilowly g.inlnK l"ftoKnitien. It I, the hope­ful 'Ign on the horbon. The intelligent and cOIIBenalive economic tbeory of orcaniled labor h ... Iowly .... on bu.lne .. me.n, ~ono­mlsLa and Indultrlal lud(,TI to .ce the high community \"IIlue of hlkh w.Kel . Thil doe. no~ mun th.t [.bor wilt not need and will not ... Ieh 10 .trive for new go.iI,

where the union ia recogniled, relpected, and IlrOnl('. with the individual worker, lin In­d Ullrll1 citi!~n. who has well-dell ned duties and IIcknowledl('ed righl.ll, among them free lpefth. It .cknowledges that labo r haa a valuable tl!<:hnieal f unct.ion to perform and a lechnelogic.1 contr ibution to make. Ths beglnnina:1 of lu~h an order .re Hen In union co-operative m.nagement.

The League's Comment "Thi. Inureuina: Itlltement refen to

daiml .nd objectives of organbed ].bor . They go far beyond actll.1 r lghl.l, for rights, in the proper HnH o( that term are luch ... are protected by ]IIW. Even legal right. li re not .bllOlutc In all citizen. Gr In any group of citium,. Their exerel.e I, limited by the equ,[ rightl of othera. The moment when an attempt to exercilJl! thttle rights invadu Ihe eqll.1 rigbta of otben, Ihe right « .. e •. CGn. lder e.ch of these right. .nd d.im. in turn:

"Presld~nt Noonan ha$ declared that every worker hili the rla:ht not only to good wagel, lOI'ia[ ... an. , (rutive Gf lei l ure .nd culture. but Wllites that .111 create an eltate, • ay of $10.000.

"5. The ri,M to .lI"ed Indudrial pOllcie • .

"Ttu:: JO\J1lNAL or EI.oECTR ICAL WORKEfllI, the omci.1 publication of the Internlltlonal Brotherhood of Electrical Worker., ... y. ed· itori.lly In lUi lu ue of April th.t It I, necu­IIIry to direc t the mind no ... and then to flnt prindplu .nd 'to rUUtvey thOM p r imary prindplH .... hlch h.ve come to be kno ... n .. the indultri.l rights of labor, tinged .lth the lignUIc.nce of n.tur.l ritrhUl.' It then g<>et on to enumellile .nd comment upon thelle riah14, •• follow.:

The Editorial "1. The right to

.... ork. Thi. i8 the moat elementary o f human rights. And It h .. not yet been won, not bee.UIII! of the depruity of em­ployen, hut because complete undent.nd­in&" of the economic m.chine, how it op­eratH, .nd how it c.n be controlled h .. not. been re.ched. Unemployment. i I

cout.nt. I n thi" number of the JOUR-

1U,.t. one p ropoll. ' for cre.tlng job, for everybody by Me ...... C.tchlng •• nd Fo.­ter r, reviewed.

This re[ate. to the creative side of IndUUry. It runs counter to the old bo .. ·.nd·h.nd theory of Indu"trr, or lha tied-to-the-m.­chine theor,. . It auglf"t • • demoo:r.tic order,

Our Answer to the League

"I . The rl"ht toO work. Thil ri,ht I. gen_ uall), recogniled .. tbe right to be unmo­I .. led In doing work. It cannot be ~nllrued

to place upon anr­one an obligation to provide .ork. 11 work cannot be h.d by anothllt', pro-

"2. The r ight to quit .ork.. Thia ill the con .. eue of prin­dple I, .nd il all

axiomatic. Recently thl, right. ha, been .tt.cked by cert.in orp;anized employen through the courU wilh lueeel.. The B~dford Cut Stone Cue lelirally prevenh men from exerci,ing thi. right. The theory upon .hlch the Le.gue (or I n_ dUltri.1 Right., thl! anti_union employer orlir.niution, pro­ceed., i. th.t men hllve the right indi­vidu.lly to quit work but not collectively. Org.nized labor i. once agllin .t. the dool'll of Congreu seeking redresa from thil condition.

"S. The r igh t to organlzl!. Thi, r ight hat neve r ~n .eri_ oUlly queltloned by Con"re.. or court •.

1. 1'hl. la • rc:rmplete r ('o·e",. 1 of Ollr meanlnr a. le i fOflh In Ihe Ilul Itale­me nl of rl ,hl" That o,g.nl~t'd &Odel)' In Ihe form of a modern ,1.l e d_ recornl~e th.t It h •• a n obli,lllion to provldl.' .ork for men who •• nt .ork Is Indlc.led by the estahll'hment o( municipal. Itall' .nd federal unemplo)menl .renclee, the PnMlee.IIGn of public worka In t ime of d eprualons. the ho[dlna: of unemployment I!CIn feren cH. That eerta.ln enll,htened cmplorers reeoeni1e an OOIla:allon 10 provide .ork for men ... ho .... nt work Is .... n by Ihe ell"ona Gf Iheae e mp[o)"el'll 10 [e"el blillne .. pe." .nd 11ft bu.lneM Ih.11owa, b) willinrnell 10 pro.-Ide unemployment llUIurance, b y e ll"o," 10 ellmln.te •• lIe, . nd 100 .dJU51 production a nd dlat rlbution to ,Ive mulmum em pIO)·menl . Throulthoul humin hlttor,. Ihe prlndpa[ UUR of the f . 1I of lta ts h .. bee.n hun~r; .nd In . n etOnomlc aoclely .uch •• Gura the lith liege 10 labor I. Ihe only predllalon o f hlinCtf. An o rpnh.ed 1«lely a uch III olin th.1 did not operale upon the ... lImptlo n th.t work for .11 mUlt be provided .ou[d f . 1I o f III own .... elrht.

A, for the Mrlrhl of men 10 work wltholll mO[Hlallon," Inlo which OUf li l'llt prlndple 111 .cr.mbled by Ihe , pokelm.n tit Ihe Le.gue-Ihat dependa en llrely upon Ihe purpOle tlf Ihe men In wGrklnJr. ~o a l"le "ou ]d permit bomb-make,.. 10 Ih rh'e-­to work withoul molutliion. Sub .. , whOIle .0[' putp(llJl! In worklnr la 10 for ce . [o"'er at.ndard of ""Inll' UpOn fellow worke,.. . r e ae rvlna: .n ,nl l-lIOd. [ PUrp08e. Emplo)'e" who hire them .te ..,,...Inl an anll-.od.1 pUrp08e. I .... }en ... ho defend Ihe m .re .., rvln &" a n antl-socl.1 purp08e. And", lIale .hlch protect. tbem, w honey_ comhln&" lis s lructu re .Ith cella of .eakne. ..

2. lI ere Is .... ob" lolis a ttempt 10 pl.te Ihe ell"orts of prlv. te emp[oyen In dnlro,-Inr a union on the I"'e! with publlC'lplrlUd dlbenl performl"r their dill y 10 Ihe lla te. The , " ulta nl r. llaey II too crude to e:rdte comment.

3. A alale rei" upOn • ~I.I o:omp. t l . When the compact la made then all clll:uo:n, h.'·e equ l [ rl. hl l under Ih e 1.'11'. Orranl:r.etl [.bor h •• nenr .. ked fo r a ny r lghta bUI equ.1 r 1ghh unde r Ihe [a.-equal wllh IhOlle of emplo)·e .... a nd olher ofpnlzed dllze" .. Thl' IAalt"ue for Inllullrla[ Rlght ll II an o ra:anlu t lon " uled 10 cClm l ..... ' ol he r nle n, under penalT,. of Injury. to conform 10 l uch manners a nd melhoda o( ("onducl lng Ihelr all".l~ III Ihe o rgllnl1.1l1]on may dlrcd"-thal i. Its .o[e pu rpose -lind yel II ho neve r been halted.

4. lI e re Ihe League I .. on sounder grollnd. Organlle-t! I.bor h .. been a [ow 10 dedare ror • "auclal wag"" beuul(' II haa been under Ihe IjJI! ll-[ike e mployer., .nd like f.Conomlal_ f clu@Ic. [ econ(lmy. Ever)" weU_lnfo rmecl pe ... on now know. Ihat clank. [ economy doe. not fll the present .... onflm!e , lIl1atlon. Thai organht<! labor h.1I enuncllted a socl.[ ••• e declar. Uon I. Indi taU.-e Ihlt It h .. ch . n led .l lh cOnd:llon,,; now il I, Iln.e for emplo)et. 10 chanle-u 80me or Ih tm h a,'e--and 11 would he fine 10 aee Ihue chllna-H In cond liion .. a nd In econClmie theory r ('fleet ed In Ihe [ ••. nut we rear th . t II la uch or .. anl •• l lon •• , Ihe lA.a-ul' for ]"dull irial IUChl ll. whlrh .ppe"'l11 10 wGnhlp law for II. owo sake, which endca"or 10 block all I('ga[ ch anges.

G. It I, a Irui ll m Ih.t "" Indl .. lotuII[ e.n not ""eet ind u ~ lri.1 1)<Illdes. On I,. orgllnbl'd Indh'l duaili In Indu.tr) un do Ihlll , If organl.,.llon ll a rll forh ldde n, a . In Ihe ~ Iecl Indu, try nnd In (crhln .,,(Uon~ or Ih e. coal IndU81ry, and Ih(',e lIulo­cr.nc Ilrohlblliona are bllcked UI' hy the CClUrU. and hy Ihe 'III I ~. 11.('1' ",ork,""n can "nl nrre~ 1 Indu~lrlal I><lUcle ... Whnt orgll u lll.ed h.bor Ie IIl rh' ln" for III Ihe <lp_ lKlrlunlly 10 prove in a ll Indu8t ri('lI •• l! [I hall lI[rcady In many Indu lI lrlu. Ihlll It ha~ a Icchnlc. [ conlribullon to make. All for the (Onlp.n,. union, nCl hone~ 1 peuon. fnmUIsr wll h Ih e . IIUllllol1. be [le.-ea thllt It Il rQvldt'1I an opportunh)' for t he workl'r 10 .fred Indull trla l pOllde ..

vi.lon, then the would-be .orker mUlt m.ke provilion (or work himlelf or go .... ithout. I n the .carch for work and thl! opportunity to accept oll"en of em­p[oyment. no cllilen enjoYI • ,pecial pri"'ilege. The richt of e.-eryone to con­tr.ct to work enJoYI equ.[ity before the I ..... Msny men rna,. eombine their dol­r.n to pu rcha.e I.hor; many men m.y combine to lell their [abor. Bllt t hi s right of combination don not in itlelf extend any tlaim upon the opportun­itiu of employment or tbe right to in­terfere .... itb anJ petlon In seeking Or "'c«ptin" employ­ment.

"2. Th e right to quit work. Thi. I, not • n ab.olute r ight, although it enjoYI creat free_ dom. The so[dler may not desert. the policem.n may not leave hi. POll, tbe doctor may not quit e Cllle unde r elr­cumstancu that wi\[ endanger hi. p._ tient. lIowever, in the vut majority of tho common caU­ings of li f e. men afe free to quit .... hen they wish, lubject only to .n action for d.m"ges in cllle

(Cant . on pa,e 444)

The Journal 0/ Electr ical Workers and OpCl'ato"8 401

Modern Unionists Take Place of Old Guildsmen

PROPERTY has .I .... y. be~n hlnded down Irom reneration to generation, but few of UI reali" that there wal a lime

when jobl were h.nded down Irom father tc.o $On. 'n the middle .It'H. era of fabulou. cathedral •• arti ... nI made their aha.e In the ereo:tion of thelle ".ymphoniu in .ton," a m.tter of profusiona' pride. It look gen· erationl to complete the 8'N!at cathedrals , .nd often a tOlk begun by a man wu com· pleted by hi, .on, or eVen II'rand.on. TheM great cdifleu, which to thb day have the lCilt o f exciting wonder end IIwe in us moderns, remain the fine.! archil~turalAtl.lnmenti of the race. They were wrouJiCht .. of line lace. The gargoylel, which lu .round the cor nlcel and lIying buttrea!e~ of the c .. thedrnl of Notre O.me, hnve different raen and <Ilf. ferent char>tcteu, .. if- builder. loy-the workman placed hi. eignature upon hie Job. The medieval gild.!!, union. of carpentefl, masons and other a rtilan., Inculcated . uch resp~t for crart.man~hip In their memberl.

In 1928, .ucce .. on to tho medieval cathed. rals are the IkYlcrapen, e rected In • fral:· ment of time, but with u much .ttenllon tc.o beauty of line, .nd dur.billty of material. In Pitllburch, a Cathedral of Le.rnine b beinK ere-eted by the Unive,.ity of J>itu· burch, a .ymbol of the perpetuity of learn· ing. Thi •• kYlleraper unlve,.ity II beinlll: built to ~tand for hund reds of yea .. , and, lhat It. workmanship may match It I .teel and .tone, it il to be built by union men, .u~eaaon to the gildsmen of the middle .kel.

The Univenity of Pitt,burgh givell trsln· ing in all the profeuion., and in Idditlon goes in for indust ri.1 rHeaKh, retai l tr.in· ing, radio telegraphy, and il Itrong on C!JI. tension work.

A dUcription of the project is given by Pittsburgh p.pen:

"Foundations for the Cathedral of I~arn. ing of the University of r itUburgh, 3r.G by 275 f~t In longut dimen.lonl, have been laid .nd 11«1 for tbe building I, gOing up rapidly, Within a year part of the lint three noon will be ready for occupnncy, to relieve congestion in the present building •. Completion of t he cathedr,,1 wlll require twO yeare. Work will be pushed .. r.pldly al practical, but nothing will be hu r ried, ("han. cellor J ohn G. Do"·n"'n. of the uni\"cnlty, announce •.

"'The Cathed.al Ia being Luilt,' he Ita ted, ' to ~tlllHl fot hu ndred~ of yea •• to come, lind building, like that pre not done in a day. We wllnt to build so t he elty witl .lw.YI be proud a nd nenr will have caule to ,,·i.h thllt the interior hnd been deligned and arrllnged IIOme other way:

"Seventy·six ~ai'lIOn. wcr" lunk 40 feel to hnrd blue ahale rock, I mall apeeimen., of which tested better than the ben concrete, In laying the foundationa. Thi. layer exlall In a plane Ilmo"t horizontal under the entlNl base of the bulldinlt, Ind il from 35 to 40 feet thick. The plat· form of rock, in turn, h.a goOd foundation materiAl beneath it.

lema In It('C!1 con"ructlon, e~pedally al con· cern. wind l)re~.ur6 .nd ,u I)port. All of thue h.ve now been met, and while thi. haa been gOing on many Improvemenll in the Interior deairn of the buildlna: have been effected.

"El1"ort h .. been conccntf/lted, especially, upon the common. room, Ipproximately 100· xl55 feet, on the IIru floor of the cathedral. Hidden brldlfiuK h .. ellmiru.t .. d a number of obltructive columns lind provided. lurprla· ing .moun t of clenr floor .pare. To find the molt convinelng archltectur.1 treatmfnt, the chancellor, John Weber, hud of the unl· \'cTlity', department of ground. and aKhi. t~'et, atudlcd lorKe rooms In Ro,ton, Philll· delphi/l, New York and other eltle..

"'The moet b~nutirul room In Americll, a room in which n boy limply mUlt take oft' hll hat,' i. the aim in the commonl, Chancellor Do"'man u I,lained. 'We arl now lure we h.ve it. and that every peTlon who hila given much or Ilule to the buildlnr of the cathedral will be p roud. It hu been a Ilruggle to ob· tnin whllt In l l.nel alt or us III belt. The IIrat drawingl, Ihowl ng a room 18 feet high, were good. lJut we wanted to Ke how it would

look at IU heh,h1l, and in all wlya Gothic IrchiteetuNi could be hllndled. To learn thi •• lIr. Klluder drew the room 25 timea, Now the a",hel rilll! dOle to tbe C1!i1Ing, in the proportion. of lhole of the Cathedral of Sotre Dame at Ch.rtn., which critica laY hll a. much Inlpir81ion and genlu. of line .. any ever buill.'

""eligning the exterior of the ca thed ra l I. a Itory of equ.1 ],ntience and penevernnce, not yet told . The archit~t worked three yel", adding refinement to rellnement in the conCf!ption, before there came the cathed· rll aa finely preaented to the public and .. now being built."

----The Mayor of Gary

Il y CARL SANDlJURG

I uked the Mayor of Gary abou t the 12· hour d.y and the 7.dlly week.

And the Mayor of Gary antwered more workmen Iteal time on the job in Cary than any other place in the United Statu.

"Go into the pl.nta and you will .ee ml!n littin&" .round doing nothing-mach. Iner)' dou everything," .aid the Mayor of Cary when I uked him abou t the 12. hour d/ly and the 7·day week.

And he wore cool crelm pantl, the Mayor of Gary, Ind white shoe., and II barb"r had find him up with • • h.mpoo and a Ihave and he wu e .. y and impertu rb· able thoult'h the government weatber bureau thcrmomete . ... id 96 .• nd child· ren WfTe 10lking their headl at bub· blina: fountA I", on the ureet corner,

And I ,aid Kood·by to the Ma)'or of Glry and I went out from the city hall and turned the eOnter into Broadway.

And I .aw workmen wearin" leather .hoe. ac rulfed with fire and cinderl, and pit· ted with little holel from running molten .teel.

And lome ha,1 bunches of specialized mUBc!el IIround their .houlder bladea h.rd a. pig iron, mUlclea of their fONi. arml were .heet ~teel and they looked to me ilkI' men who hlld been lomewhcre.

- From Smoke and Stee l.

The Lineman Ily HOLLO SPE RGER

Ol'ep in the ~edar'. naked b reut, iii. pierdnlt' Ipun of Iteel are preSled. A, he s~llea ill ,ide to hi. lofty Jl('rch. Wher~ tht' rhilling bl/llts o f winte r se.nh, And there he blttles the .now lin d . Ieet, Or burnt In the .ummer'. blillering helt, While he daru the Itine: of the treach"rout

fi~. That lurh unlecn in the web. of wi re,

n il Car l arc attuned to danKer'l caU,

And he laugh. at the haxard of ahock and fall,

Fo r the lincman'. heart i. I heart of Iteel,

And he lo .. e. the tuh th. t are atrong And reat,

And .hun. the z(>nel tb.t ar~ lah that he,

In God'. R'reat out·of·d oora may he,

Then true It Is that the h .. ve Hneman

.d.

"E r~tion of steel, which il now going up rlpidly, wu Itarted later than ac:heduled bec:auae of delay. in designing it. Engi. neers' early promi'~1 of delivery bued upon ordin.ry experi~nc" with high buildinga could not be kept, chiefly 1>«luae the cathedrll'. buHrelle. present un ique prob·

A ('ATII~;nll .\I, J.lfO~ IWII,ntSO I S Tin: \1011F.TlS MAs:-,· tm. IJt;IUCATJ-: 1) TO ....:,\lI.\INO AN., ~:ln:t.:'n:1) U\· l'I"rTSIIl'IUIII P/I> IO/li l !!'rs ~·O lt T ilt: UN IVI-: Il·

lI l'l'Y O ~· l'f 't"I' I;JiU I!(l 1i

" built on a noble and mi ra ble p lan.

- The Elev.tor Con.tructor.

402 The Journal of Electl'icaL !Vorkel-s and Operators

The Talkies-Threat of Monopoly-The Union

Q UITE Appropriately or Inapproprl­ately. the drama of man VI. mAchine. i. being played out In Ule th~ntre

Held. At least the ItrulIlI'le I, here more apparent, and more dramatic thlln in other indunriel. It i8 true that the mille r. arc locked in a struggle .. ith conditions par­tially c reat"d by the Introduction of mA_ chinery, but there the Illue I. obacured by the Ipectacle of .ant and /lulhring, due to • lockout. But in th. theatre field. by the creation and widespread uae of the vil.phone. no'" inltalled in ~OO theatres, both mUlieians and acton are direetly aC­l eNed. The resUlting maladjustment II grf'llt. The st ruggle for readJuument Is aCllte. The conflict ia complicated by the fIIu that the vi taphone i, ~ontrolled by a aubaidiary of the Ameri~an T"l"phone lind Telegraph Compan)' . an anti-union flrm_

The !>l'ew York Tel"l!"raph. a daily ,pecial­i~inc In neW! or the theatre. printa the followinC atory. predict inc the eltabU,hlnk of monopoH~tic condition, ove r the "talkiel" b), Mother Ben:

"Weuern Electric talkie Inllallatlon II for use on I)' with pktu,u manufactured under lie"nlea from the Electrical Ruearch Producll. the tlllkle lubaldlary (If WllIt"rn EleUric.

"Thil waa made very appanont when the New York Riv(lH Thellt .... advertlaed the opening of 'The King of Kings' for yuter­day with a ayn"hroniution made by the R('A phot(lph(lne proce ...

--The RivoH had been but recently equip~ with a Wutern Electrie lutalla­tion. It waa found that the Weltern El"c' tric light apertu~ il alightl)' too narrow ror the photophone aound track. nepresen­latlvu of Ihe Ph(ltophone Compllny allured the theatre that the light apertu re could be changed in ten second I to lit the loun d tra"k.

--Then the theatr'l diacovered that In iU inltallatl(ln contract there waa a claule prohibiting any alteration In the appa ratul. The aitua tion wu at a deadlock with the thnt,e holding the bag. It had advertiled the iynchronind venion of the 111m, and auddenly found that it couldn't provide one unlen Weltern Electric would wal .. a the 'no alteration' clauae.

HTh, R'V(l1\ opt'ned with the a),nehronlled verai(ln )'utenlay and will continue to pro· ject the a~'nehroni1tl!d venlon d\lring the ex­tended run of 'The King of Kinga.' But it la being done only with the upreu per­mi .. ion of the-Electrical Rut'lrch Products.

--It I. probabl" thllt the .ynch ronlutl(ln prepared b)' n CA Photophone for Pathe Ex. change, the di.tributora ot the picture, would never have been hanrd In the Rivoli """I'pt for the fact tbat the Itivoli ia a Publix Theat,e. Publix Thaatru arc about Ihe beat customera tor Wellern };Iectrlc in­atallation that uilta.

"It I .... id that the Publix Thcatre took up Ihe waiving of the 'no alteration' c1aule with Electrital Research Produ~ta as a f"'or they We,1' enti t led to aa a bl, CUl tO­mer. It is asid that Ihe)' pleaded that they had adv~rtised the ,ynch ronlxed "onion wldoly and thllt the pre,tlgo ot the thell t r" would h" m\leh dameged It the aynchu­nized vonion was not projected. It la IBid that tho omclals of Puh\ix Theatru were told that if they in no wa),a conll der"d the extension of permiaaion to the l( ivoli Thea­tre to alte r the machinea to projoct photo­phone .. a precedent applylnlj: to any other o t t he thealres In t he chain, the matt" r

would be tllken under ~onlldl'ration. The promise II aald tn hava been given.

"The matter, It II under.tood, Wat then taken up wilh omdab ot RCA Photophone. Would I'hotophonlll p rom lie not to publlclle the Ulvoli run·ln any"a)' to prove that the I'hotophone prod\lct Interchlllntreablill in .,.l1li the Eledri.,.1 R ... euch produeta did wai,... ita conlract righta al a matter of accommo· dation to the theatrel That ia the gilt of the promise that ia reported to have been extracted from Photophone.

"The permi .. lon to uae Ihe altered In.tal­lation for publle ~rformanees waa not given until midnight on "'riday when 0111· ciab of the EI.~trlcal Ileullrch J'rodu"u had concluded lI.tenlnac to the I),nchronlza­tlon of 'The KIng of King.: The per mla· sion will be wIthdrawn from the thutre 1(1 use t he altered apparatuI, it i, undentood, u aoon al the run of 'The Kine ot Kin,..' ia "ompleled.

"The theltr... with Waatern Eleclric equipment have been elyen to underatand that the cue uta no precedent.

"Ele"triral Re.carch produHa inatanation i, f(lr the proje~t[on on I)' of Electri.,.l Re· lurch I>roductl Iken .. d production ....

Sharply anlwerinl thi. challenge, the 'Iulida n.· Union h .. made Ilubll" the fol­lowing declaration:

--ThouBlnd. of Amerkan muaiclanl are threlll"n"d with 1011 of their jobs and the American public fa" ... a d"plonoble adul_ teration of III mUlI"al entertainment aa a r ... ult of the Introduction of th. talking mo"i ... , it II chuged b)' Joa"ph No Weber, preaident of the Amen"an .'"deratioll of Mu,lei.nl.

--1I0~ than 200 theat~1 have inltall"d the new ",achlnea, wbleh Iynchronlze spoken worda and music with sereen aetion, and nenrl), 1,000 have prepared for _ueh in­It/tlla tion, it la aald. In man)' Inllaneel wholl! orcheltr .. 1""0 been thrown out of employm~nt.

--The American Fodrration of Mualelan. planl 10 fight the developml'nt with aU of its reaouru.. In that connection It it re_ called that the mUllciana, in convention In May, inc relied th"lr duea to provide ,I,WO.-000 additional yurly to their dden ... fund.

-- 'And in OPPOling the a\lb.titutlon of canned mUlle for Ihe C'!n\line Irlicle we will be doln& the general public a &reat lervice,' aald Mr. Weber. 'What thutre patrona actually face II a total 10 .. of hljth· grade mUllcal entertainment, for Which, howeve r, th~J' will eontlnue to pay.

.. 'The I"ore o r mot ion picture, repro· duced me~han lcally. may intrigue the l)uhH" Int~rClt at lint .. a noveh~', but that will not I ... t. You cnnnot mechanize an art. Soon thia m"chanlcal mUlic will ""ome .a hollow lind un .. ti~fylnjt II a ayn thetic ki ...

"'But, once the Innovation h .. been a('­cepled and "ompetlng theatrea have adopted lhe pr'etke, what can b. done about It 1 The public will h.v, to go on acc"ptln,c the .ubatitute or Ila)' at home, for lhe mo~iel have euahlIlhed practlcall)' A monopoly on public entertainment.

-- 'J-'rom the mUlldnna' vleWI't>lnt the ap­pllr~nt de termination of aome thentra own­en to make thb chnn ge eomel as a Ira"ie threat. not on ly to t heir Individual fo rtune., but eilo to their art. h meanl literall), corruption or thl! Il\lbJie tillite (or g(lo" muale. It meana that the wo rker I, to be photographed at hi, labor and then driven from hi , job by th , "ompetition of thla photograph.

"'We want it undentood that we are not Ol))loling .~ientillc progrc ... Argument la .enrrely required to es tablish that canned muale-however p.erfect the reproduetion­cannot approach the genuine a rt iel". MUlle la dependent l o r itl qualit)' upon the mood of the artiaL The public will not be. al_ lowed to noall,.e thi,. What we fear i, that th;. f(lrm of "ntertainment will be patron­Ized aa I novelty and thus will c radually tran.plant real muale in theatr .... •

~.\Ir. Weber condemnfOd the aYl rl~e and Ihort-.ight"dnu. of theatre ownen who are attempting- t o capitalise the 'Ihadow lind "cho' form of amuaement.

-- 'If aomcone will jUlt l upp ly a robot to operate the projection machine. theae own"rI wl1l Install coin turnltllel at thei r thratre d(lora. and let their queer mUle\lml work while they II"ep,' he aaid .

"'The organised muaieianl are .ddre .. -inIr app"ala to union aympathiu rl and mUllc loven everywhere to join force. in .n e"ort to convince the theatrical Interes ta that dr;"lng musiciana from their theatrea will not proye prolitable.'''

The Acton' Equity alao hll entered the arena. Paul Dullzell. auiltllnt "xeeutive ae"retlr), of Equity. recently pointed out the evill of the "talkie" where the le~ti­male aNor la concerned.

--.:quily feell that itl membera Ihou ld drmand alliary from the time a n actor il givfn the part until the actulIl Ihooting of the pl"ture il completed. 'The present 1),ltem,' Plul DUIIzt'.II. auistant aecretar,. III Equity, IIYI, 'il to en,cage an actor, give him the man\lSoC'ript and ull him to "~t up in the part." Aft" r Ih rH or four wHiu, durin , whkh time the actor ill Itudying hil part, the --talkie" producer luuea a call for rehea ... ll. The actual rehear .. 1 unde r a dir~tor taklN but two or three day_,' he uya.

"Then the Ihooting of the picture II com­men""d and completed within eight or ten daYI. Unde r thne conditIonl the actor la being paid only for the time he II actually before the came,l!..

" 'The acto r does not r~elve lIVen tbe equivalent o( the minimum contract he geta In the theatre,' "id Dullzell. ' MOil actora feel that they are required to rehea .. e at lellt three .... eek. and sometimea four weeka without pa), for the legitimate producer and only one or two day. for Ihe talking pit'ture producer. Thil i. true. but the thl"atrlcal prorlucf'r ia bound to .:-ive the actor at lealt two weeka' work and more frequently the actor .:-etl III teaaon of work. "~ ry often aeve ral aeasona of work follow thue Ihree or tour weoka of rehearsal.

"'The talking picture gives the actor on I)' a w~ek or two o( work and the producer bentflta for a yea r or more from the e"orta ot the aetor. The actor dou not leem 10 reaBye that he II allo making a double tompetit(lr of him.elf. Lie may make a talking pitture th llt will be olf~red right a"ro .. the " reet from a theatr" where he ia appuring in the ume production in perlon. The people will go to see the shadow and hear the echo in preference to Ihe actor In the flesh.'''

ANIMALS HA VE RI GHTS

An elght-h(lu r day lind one day off a week for horsel I, the atarting point of lin an i­mal'. lIh,na Charta in Franee. The French League for the ProtC('.tion of Animall hopei eventually to get the Lealr\le of Nation. to .... netlon these pN>posed r ighta of dumb Inlmala.

The Journal. of ELectrical WOTkel's and Operators 403

Campe rs M e morial Nucl e u s of Labor M u seu m

As you ~ntu the broad doon of th~ Amuiun FflIeution of I .. bor build­inlr, W .. hlnll"ton, U. t:.-d"llrn~d and

built under the admlnEltr.tion at S.muel Compe.--thu~ i •• door ,harply to th~ left I.belled "Samuel Gompen Memori.1 Room."

Unlike mo~t public memorlall. thi. hal an air of intimacy. A. one ~nt~n, he feel. al­most .. If he were stepplnll" aero .. l he threshold of filet into a grellt mnn'. pr ivate life.

Oue ,"i u3es, for lin inltllnt, wl,hlng that ever y t r"de unionist-In I,,, rtkular every younll" t rnde unlonlet-mll:h t celebrnte 1.lIbo r Ooy. 19211. by vliltlng thl. room dedicated to t he life lind labor of SlImu~1 Campen. There ill a .... arm, perlon.1 commitment h~re far every labor man and woman. IndMd, fa. e,·uy Ame.ican. I t II revealed .imply but movingly by the man,. penonal artitl" that rec:an the man and leader. A vilitor'l book, and Il directory at the Itll are the only fonnat notel. Evtn her~ th~ fo.m.1 il per· sonalind. Ont" informed that Slim had worked for yean to ~Illlbll.h .n American Federation of Labor Muatum, and now it ia hoped that in thll he hlmatU It 1111 hlld establiahtd it.

In the centnl pan of the room i. Samuel Campen' delk. arranKed jUlt a. he h'matlf left It at I> p. m., Satu rday, NovemlMor II. 1924. befor~ golnll' to hla lilt American Fed­ention of I.abor Convention-that fatal glthering which furni.hed more human drnmn lhan all the othero whi~h went befort. I t ;1 not really a duk but Il hellvy ollk table, at aplc and .pan .. II good workman', benel, -at 6 o'cJo-ek in the evenlng-JuU at the whiatle blow!,

One aproachcl it wi th Ilwe. There i. the co" vlvial decante r with /l' IIIUH. There art cllrefully Rrrnnged copie. o( 11111 om~llli mnguine. TII~re are ptn. lind Ink. There are a few pllpc!" ready to be taken up when the muter I'f!lUrn.. On top "Ilritl.h Trade Union ('onRrells. lI ull, September t, 1 92~"­a. if the dettiny of hi. Enll'liah brothe,.

By THE OBSERVER

aero .. the ata wa. to be the flnt ,re.t que" tion to occupy the leader', mind on hi, re­t urn from Mexico. 'II'bere lIul, brothe ... of the poor eneap<! hi. attention.

Friend o r J'rh idenla

The walla bear .utographed portralta of Prealdenll Mc Kinley. Roo.evelt. TAft IIml Wilaon, add re-atd to Samuel Coml,en, all couched In a/fcctionpte lerml, There a rc I'or­t 'II- IUI of Newton Daker, Jo.cphu. Dllnlelt. and Willillm Wilaon. Secretllry of Labor . There is a great painting of Iht "old man" him.l(!lf, a. the bOYI liked to call him, and the bron!:e hrad, done by Kllth leen Wheele r in 1016.

Undt r gl ... there II Ihe unique portult or Sam woven in ,i lk by the tender, ekl\led hnnd. of the United Textile Workert. a trib­ute alike to t he leader lind to the crll f ta­man~hip of t he unionlsh.

One toul!! rnb rlcRte hil li fe hom t hese mementoes. In the elISe one Clln He t he clj;:efmlker'l knife. which he h1m!elf had \1M<! fo r yean at the trade. Whit a Itory of Itormy di.eUlllon. thil tool eould tell-­were it nOt dumb­In the ,hop. in the {!II rly day. of trade unionl.m when a thouland Indult . ial creeda wereelamor. Ing to be hellrd. The ahop of that day w .. a forum. On that an,tli Campers and hll alUlOC!iatel ham -mered out the Ide .. which la ter de­veh' I't:u Itoto the philosophy fo r the IIMlonal movement.

A num b er of yenrl nru r S .. m hlld been giving 1111 hil time t o hi. u­ecut lve 'll'ork, he trird hia hand .t cigar making again. He producrd a baby cigar-on di.­play hel?-per fect in propOrtlona. at­telling to hia ,kill at the trllde.

There li re IIrti. des that carry a note of pathol. llill favorite eane-­j"ory_headad-indi_ catinit a .-ro ... h,. infirmity. And II

number of magnl. lyinlr rlaue.. for towlrd lhe end of hi, life S"m Will virtually blind.

Medal. by the hund red •. BadKU by the acore. Off of the room ia • locked door. which

when open I'f!"eaia a ateel ...... IL H."" jl tiled carefully away aU of the matte r'. vol­uminoul I'OrrespondenC1!. Caplet of every letter which Campen wrote in hie official enpneity art pr.nfV~.

There i. much more. One could Iptnd levf'tal hOUri there. But I suppole it Is the deeply familiar, in t imate II tmolphere wh ich will a lllll'al to most labor unionl!t!. One leavn the room with the lenlle of having touched the pellonlllily of the leader. One realh'e8 that more unioni!ta should go the re when they vi,it WlIlIhington. Indeed, labor could do more to preserve ita past In a vivid, concrete wayco ______________ __

The ete r nal .,roblenl wi th which t he .. bar movement hn3 to cope II control of property - to bring property in t o such relatio n. to human life thllt it will aerve and not inJ \l re.

-Samuel Gom pau.

Gllvel. In plonty, ellch with lIuoda­U~., chronicli ng .tormy eventa. Notebooks with In-tim II t e jOlling" L ______________ .::=:: __________________ ~~=_:::=_~----=::J Gun!, he l met., picked up on bat. tlelleld. of F rance.

NO. 2 YOitT STit t:r.r. 1.o ~m-oN. ENC LA ND. 1I0~t E O" SA.M UEL CO~IPER8 UNTIL li E C.UU: TO TilE UN ITED STATES WITII II IS rAitENTS, J ULY H. l UI.

•

404

Five~Day W eek

TIlI!Et; cheera for tile union ,hop craft worken of tho Canadian National Rall­wayl They have wrltt~n " "\,8clttlon.

with I)~Y" provi!ion Into their IIgfcernent nnd now will hnve their annual two weeks' holi­day jUlt like the olftce employeel. Other union. here and there ere gradually putting over the annual "acallon Idea and eonviM­ing their employe .. thllt relL lind recreation are worthwhile It only for Inereau!d elftel­ency, Thll idclI has been I IJreadlng for only " few ye" .. , but nlready II tllble prelll.,cd by the A, .', of L. showl VlclUon IIgreementl made by hundred~ of loeala, mOltly among the enginee .. (atum and operltinr) fire­firhten, butchcn, Itreet and electric rillway employeu, team.ten and ehaulfeuTl, r llllw/i)' le\egrAphau, printe", wnll paper worken, tllilon, II'lua worken, bllkll r), worker., and blacksmlt ha, Oh, ye_the electr ical worke,. lire thHe, too! Loull lUi, 309, 383, 638, 702, '703, G04. and the prorre"lve telephone girh of 78A 1111 get their annual week o r two wllf!kI, and more power to them. sa)' we,

Hut th, r nt, pllrtleullr ly in the building trlldu, Ilgh gloomily as they con,lder how much chance they have of getting two weeki off in the l um­mer time without It eOl ting lit lealt twO weeki pll)' and mllybe the job II well. "lied;:' growll Dill Wirepatcher t o hll patient I pOU .. , "wllit til! n!!llt Ch riltmlll when we'll 111 be on n vlcatlon," An Idu .Iugs him, "Wlll t­hold on a minute! Whllt have we go t that flve-da)' week for! SIIY, there mUlt be a lot of plleel we could go over the week end. Why don't we tllke our vlell tlon every Saturds)' and SundllY all summer and see lomethlng of our own Itate!"

"The Idea hal lu merltl," admltl the wife, "for even .. eond couslnl ell n'l object if w, In Hict oUrlelve. on them tor one night'l entertainlllent, and on the other hand if we want to be com­fortable and Inde­pendent, one night at a hotlll or ruort won't r uin our bank lIecount, And the kid. are alwaYI perfect dNln the fiul coupl' of dayl--"

See Home SllI le ~' l rNt

The Journal of Electrical IVo}'kcI's and Operators

Brings N e w Type of Va cation if I go out there, our next week end will have to be spent in thl! city. 10 I can "el! Mllude' . new hOI,l8(', lind do lome aho]I' ping. lind we rlln Bee 1\ good ahow,"

"Whew I That loob like an expensive one," ~lIy. Bill, "but I'm rame, and T enn IU that thl . will be one hilarious summer. Isn't it lucky we will alway, feel home Sunday night in time to ~'t up lor lhe nut week enll!"

Mllny building tradu workers wi!! lind the week end trip a practical, economical, lind in many way., delightful, way 01 taking Bum· mer vacationa on the Installment plan, U., ing the home .. 11 bale urnp. the family may make quick fOfays out [nlo the lIu rrounding country. Friendll. nlatlvel, may reeeive due IItlent ion, lind points of historic intercst and scenle beauty are su re to come in fo r a vilit, H the place prove~ a dilappointment or the relativu aren't home, the whole vacatIon I. not ru ined, because you ean alwaya Mart out in another direction the nut week end, And Bill i. 'UTI! to get the ~hole-hearted eo-op­eration of Mn. Wirepateher when it finally

dawn. on her that there will be no Sunday dinnen 10 cookl

Neltr ever)' cit)' there art pince~ well worth vlliting whleh nu.y be reach~d In n dny or leu. For Inltance, to OQme on I)' a few:

Nut 1'.lIt ure 11 ,\Iwa}'. Greene.l

You can sp~d out of the hut and dust of Chicago and in halt a dll)' be In MlldllOn, WII., II lovel)' little city set among cool , wooded Ipkel, whllre life I. one water cllr­nivnl all summer long--or go on north II few miles lind ruch the Dell. of the Wi!Jl'onain River Ilt Kilbourne and trellt you rH lf to a magnilleent boat trip; or you can vlli t Sta rved Uoek, or Devi l', Lake, or any other of dOlenl of IlIke and river r esort! within ellty rench of the met ropol i8,

ltuldentl of IndlanllpoUa may &cool for Beenic Brown COUnty, the famou s hilly realon of Indiana; and BulfalO bO),a and their fraul, II well aI the lucky De~rolter .. h""e heap. of wonderful t ripa on the Great Lakes or into Cllnads JUII begging to be taken, "' rom Syrllctlle, R(lCheltc r, Buffalo and IIlIrrilburg

the ene rgetic touritt mlly ao for a fine week en d of ru t Bnd aport to the Five Finger Lakea. New Yorkcn probably will head north, up the lIudson , Rnd Into the blue Catekill ft, where Rip Van W i nkle heard the bowline balla ot Ifen r ik H ud­IOn and hia me n,

~'rom W ... hinglon and n s ltl more you mlly leek the breezy AlIclfhentu, or the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginlll; go to the beaches along Cheaa_ (Juke Il ay for watar plelluru; lind fo r thoee In terested in the hlatory of our country there a re many fa.cinlltlng t rip. to be mlde to Monticello, home of Thoma s J effenon, Frederick, GettYI_ burg, II l1rper 'l .'er ry, and many othe r hll­!or l~ poiu!!.

Bolton, " t ile home of Ihe bean and the rod," olfe .. many li ne trlpl to the WhIte Mounill in. , the Ilerk_ , hirol , Cape Cod; to the home. of Whit . tier, .;menon and Hllwthorne, and to the Icen .. of revolu_ tlonar), battlel l ueh &I Bunker Hill and L'llfington,

"The re a re loti of plae.. righ t around here I' ve always wanted to Bee. and we'll atart right in by taking Tom Smith up on hla Invitlltlou oul t o hi . place at Half Moon Lake, Tom hal been hound ina mo for yea1'l to come out and lIah, Sure, but

liven SCFlNE~ AS TIIF.SE AnFl CO.lolMON IN .utFlRICA AND CANADA AS 20 MI LLION AMlIlR ICANS TA.KR TO TUB OPEN ROA.D DURING TOR SUMMER MONTOS

Mlnnupolia lind St. l'IlUI, with their bia, . urrounding lake. and the Miululppi, are right in the mldll of vacation IlInd, but If yo u mUlt go away f rom home. and who d0(l8n 't wllnt to (1"0 place_ well, hal f a day witl take you to Tha Da Uu of the St , Croix at raylo1'l '

•

The Joumal of Electrical lVorke1'S and Operators

WIS;CO:>;>;['01 WHlllIS A'II ~II01n::'\ OF~·.:U S I[ A I) Y NOOKS 1. I K.: Till: Auon,; TO Till, llO"OltlWI' "l\"J) CAMI'I':H. CI.t:.\ It [,AKBS ANI) lM:-:ny IU~ACJlI'::,\.

Fan ••• hu. )'01,1 may pitnir and tak!! the beautiful boat trip up the rork)' gor~ and see the Devil's lIighc:hair and what not, sure to be pointed out by the guide.

Hundred. of t.uri!ta from Duluth, Super­ior, !IIinneapolia, St. Paul. aa well as Mil­waukee will agree with Prelident Cool idge that northern Wi~onlin'B land 0' lakel can't be beat a. II " .. cation paradill!. Good roads, rOE)' log cabins nesUing unde r the big pine trees at the edge of eryatal dear lakes, with hhin!!" II'wimmini. boating and II cool, dr~ climate, lIn ... e made the whole northern Wiseonsin .('gion .. ,,,ecca tor vlI~alioni.(" whethe r they pitch their tentll al the tourist camp. or ItlY at the but hotell. No doubt the Brule Rive r seetion will be a greal altraNion this.summer. but the re are thousand. or laku and river shorn jut IS beautiful ellen though not dignified by the pruence of the Coolidgu.

Many SL l,ouisan. will want to "i,it the Keokuk dnm, and othe" will recall their own boyhood exploih as well as th08e of lIuckle­berry ~'inn and Tom SaW)'er In the "Mark Twain ~ountry" along the Miuiuippi near Hannibal, Mo.

l ' a d fi c Coaa! Rich In Appt>al

We don't hardly dare to start talking about vacation attractionl near the .. .,.tern citi.,., lor the west., with ita mountains, parkl, lakes and rocky lor~d river .. has an unfailing lure for III trallel­len, and the ruidenU of Denver, San Frands .. o, Los Angeles and Seattle will just have to go along with the rest of the tourists, snd they could hardly lind a more ideal IIlIcation lllnd than lies an around them.

Pouibly you h''''e heard, Or read articles by people (the kind who think them.el~et superior to ua toiling masse3) claiming that the five-day ""'eek would certainly raise the mischief with the working clluet, .. it would gille them so much time on their handa that they wouldn't know what to do with it, and would be aure to &"et into some devilm~nt! But thf! faet is, that the working msn given a little lei.ure and a little money to enjoy i t with, be~me. a better citi,.en and a better worker II!!I he i. able to benefit hi! health and in'prOlle hi. mind. Travellin&" e"pand, tile mental horizon.

Not ellery worker lIu the flve.day week now hut we're I:'aining, boya! Jly a I!onlcrll:l.ti~e c!timate, tile n u mber now enjoying the ahort week i. "hout Ic.O,OOO. The painte rs have been particular ly lucceBlful. and the union claim. that members of tlzi, trade halle a balk 40_hour week in 207 cities. Practically all tradu ha~e the fllle-day wef!k in Miami. Atlantic City, Po rlland and Seattle; elec­trkal workerl also take a two·d;:)" week end vacation in Bu tte, Montana, Schenectady and 51. Louil. The rest of ua dOD't need to .It by and envy them: we Un get busy and put it oller in our o",n city. The five-day wef!k ia a lound meuure not only because it givu UI

405

two daYI off inBtelld of one and II hlllf, bllt b<:!cau5e it ilona ot the few efTecti~e cond'tions t.hal help to relielle unemployment.

Some unions have lIa ... tion hom ... where members may go and enjoy themlel~u III smaH e"pense, in the company of others of their trade. The Ladi.,. Garment Worken balle three ",,·hieh are allo open to other g.nionists. The hi&"&"ut camp il at Fore,t Park, PL, and others an located at O"ille, Pa" and Staten Island, N. Y. Sports and educational lectures help to kef!p thingl lively.

The Brotherhood of Railway Clerks il justly pToud ot their new club hOUle, "Mountain Home," on the top of Mt. Saluda in the heart ot the lJlue Ridge Mountains 30 miles from Ashe_ lIilIe, N. C, No rth Carolina membe ... of the Brot herhood, employed by the Southern Railway. were inst rumental in lecoring this beautiful rellort ",ith 12 acres of wooded moun­tain lop and a lance cluh house .... ith hedrooml, livin&" room .. ith hardwood dance 800r, big dining room, and a porch aU the way around the building .... here members of the onion congregate to enjoy the far-flun&" view of mountain. and woods. lIere they will &"ather this summer and many follow­In¥, lommcn. to reBt from the city'a toil Rmon&" the green hills.

City IHe and the Bpeed-Ilps o f modern industry are hard on the worker's nerves, particu­larly in the summer t ime when hell,t adds to the burden. A day or 110 in the lIerdllnt ~tillness of the wood. ",ill make )"ou live longer and more happily, so if you don't &"et a rt!gular lIacanon, hy all meanl take ad\·anta&"e of the

Satg.rday and Sunday holiday., ror the sake of your health and your disposition. It paya!

TlIOt;SASOll WILL JO IN IS I1ILAIl10(;S WATI;II Sl'ORTS AT BIG BF.ACln:s LIKI; Ti llS OSI;. 110R£ TUAN IIAI •• • TflE CltOWD STA Y ON Tllf: 8A:o;' I) TO l 'ICn: l'J' A. L ITT I,t:

l'iU!IIBun!ll.

ON A Jl ItOll , IXO nAY IT MA Y COO l .. YOU Ol"t' TO T IlI SK Ill' Ul YINII INTO A I 'OOL 1.IKt: T HlS-t'ORll t:O B Y TIII~ lU,:LT­ISO OJ' GI,ACIAL ICE, IN JASI'E K I>An K . CASADA. T il l; 1.0St: 8A 1' 11):1I OO .:SS·T St:L!r.I A.NXIOUS TO TAK t: Til l':

I'I.IJNGE.

•

406 The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

Parallel Columns Expose Frames of Party Platforms The Amcricnn Federa tion of Labor has made public the fo llowing analysis of pa rly platforms:

What L.bo, Asked Amudm .. nt of the Sherman anti·trust act

that labor, Indultry and agriculture may dnelop along normal, eon.uructi .... linn.

IAol'll'ation 10 define the JurisdIction of equity courts and pre"ent the luu,nce of Injunction. againat I.bor In industrial dllputn.

Rut)J:'nilion of Ihe rirht of working men and wom~n 10 organise in trade unionl and engaJi! In the 'l0rmal adivitil!l of union •.

Continll"lion of present re strictive im. migration policy nnd ill progrcuive appli­cation " ' C,uther needa develo ll.

Con.lructlve legislalion for rehabilitation of the eoal Industry.

RlltlBentlon of the Federal Ch ild Labor Amendment.

Ft'deral IClI'illation to e.nabll' statu to prohibit within their jurla.didionl the sale of rooda manuCaetured by convict labor in other Itate •.

Advance Illnnnlng of public worka to pro­vide authorlution and IInllncl'll ao that work mny be Initiated promptly a. unemplo)·ment Inereul'l and thus not compete with de­mll'ld~ for workc ... In private amployment.

Reply of Democrats L.abor ill not a eommodlty. Human rlghu

mu"t be "afl'lI'uarded. Labor ahould be u.­empt from the o~ration of antl_trult law •.

We recoenlt.(' thlt ItJillalive lind other invutigationl hue Ihown the ('xiltence of !trave .hule In the tlkuan~e of Injunction' in labor dilputl'll. No \nJunctiont .hould be gr:lnted in Illbor dlaputea except upon proof of th rclltl!ned irrcpn rnble Injury and after notiro lind hearing. lind the injunction _hould bo conBncd to thote Ilch wh ich do directly thr~lItCn Ir.!'I)!trpble Injur)·. The expru~ purpOle of repruentative capital. labor and the bar to devln a plan fo. the elimination of the. present evils with rupect 10 injunctions mUll be aupportcd and legis­lation duigned to ueompJish these enda formulated and "allied.

We f.,·or the principle of collecti"e I'ar_ gaining and lhe Demofratic principle that orgnniud labor .hould choou' it. own rep­resentllti,·u without coercion or inter­ference.

Lnw~ which l imit Immigration must be pre~e rved In fuli fnrN' and effect.

Bituminoua coal II not only the .. nmmnn hue or manufacture, but i. a vitlll agenc)" in our Interltat" tranaportatlon. The de­moralization 01 thl , Indullry, It. labor cnn­flicts and dlltreu, Ita wute of a nalional resoune and di.ord~red public lervice. de­mand conltruct;,'e l"gl,lation that will 11.1_ low capital and labor a f.l r ahare of prol­perity with ndequate protection to the con­lIumin g public.

Children are the chief alliet of the nation. T he .... fore. their protection through infancy nnd childhood a:\"aln l l exploitation i. an im_ portant nlltional duty.

(Thi. plank dularel that ··the O"mocratic party hll! alwayl ollpo~ed the exploitation of women in Indultr)· and haa dood fnr !lUck conditIon. of work 11.1 .... ilI pre.erve their health and .t rength. We favor an equal wage for equal .erviu and l ikew!ae favor adequate appropriation for the Wom­en·, and Children', Bureau:·)

We fa,·n. leglalallon providing that prod­uct. of convict labor Ihlpped frnm one . tate to. another Ihall be ,ubject to law. nf the latter Uale U though they had been pro­due"d therein.

linemploynlent 11 pruent. wlduprcad and increll!ing. W .. favor the adoption by the go"ernmenl. lifter a ,tudy or thia Bubjeet. of a a..:ientHlc plnn when·b)· during period. of unemployment IIPllroprintlon" Ihall be nInde available for th" eon.t ructlon of neee.'lllllry public worka and the leqening. al fllr .. il con"iSlent with public Intere.t • • of go,·ern­ment construction work · ... hen labor is gen· erally and .atiaractortly f'mploytd in private cnterprise. Stud>· IOhould nl0.0 be nU'Ide of modern m .. thlx/. of Indu.try IIn,1 a construc­tive a.olution fnun'! tn "blllrb and utilile the IIU rplUI human laoor rfleaaed by the ineru._ ing usc of mnchinuy.

Reply of Republicans

W .. believe that injunction. In labor dla­pUle_ have in lOme in.tsnce. been abuled and ha.,e gh'en . ise to • leriou. quutlon for lell:iallti,,".

The party fa,·o ... freedom in wage con­tnlctl, the right of collecth'e bargalninl( by free und reSpOnsible agenu of their 0111'11 ehooaing. which develop •• nd maintAinl that purpo&efui co-nperllinn which galnl ill chief incentive th rough voluntary agreement.

Hepl1bllclln part)· belicvcl thllt in the ill­terut of both native and fo reign-horn waga Cllrner8 it II neceullry to re.trict Immlgrll­tion. Unrestricted immlgrntlon ... ·ould re­lult in wide-Ipread unemplnyment and in the breakdown of the AmeriCAn Itandnrd of living.

The party hI In",ious. ho~ful and wutine to auist In any feuible plan for the Ilabi!­ization of the coal-minlnc Indu.try which will .·ork with justice to the mlnen, conlumer. and produ~ers.

T he JOUl"1wl of Electrical iVorkers and Ope,·ators

Wha t Labo .. A. ked_ COrll i rlu ed

Rehabilitat ion of injured service men.

:'II ore adequate accident compensation Cor governnlO~nt workers.

Rcnffirmlltion of the righh or Crce II peech. preu and unembillge lind the exercise I)f the!e righta.

Opposition to Indualri ll l conscription nt IIny time. lind o"po~ilioll to conaerip tlon for nrmy n"d nll"y Bervieu e~eepl i" n defens ive war.

Five.dny week for government employe ....

The principle of high wngea and against ~duction of daily Ilnd annuill income of tho working people.

IncrellSed pay Cor ct.·llIan employee! of the gove .. nment and satisfactory claniflcn. tion.

Amendment to the Voiltead act to permit manufacture and IBle of beer containing not more than 2.7ft pe .. cent alcobol.

LibUlOlhution of tbe Federal retitement law to provide adequate incoml! for old age.

Payment of the prijvtdling TIIte of wage~ on wo rk done under government con trnct and tbat cili~ena u! the alatc in which the work II done be employed.

Graduated income, e lltnte nnd il]lH:rit:"'~c taxes ngoinst Bulc lI tnl< Or oll"lr method~ placing the burden on tlJoBe leRlt able la bcar it.

British Test Fireless Engine for Airplane Safety

Progress in developing lin nirplane engine using bellvy oil instead of gasoline, thus preventing one grellt danger of fire, WIIS described rC<!ently by Mr. II. B, Tnylo .. or lhe Royal Airctah E,tsblishment, of Farnborough, England. berore a joint ml:(!l_ ing in London of the Royal Ae .. onllulkal Society and the Institution of Automobile Engineers_ i-:xperl. agrCi! that a £"rcal need of aviation i, increued public con­fidence in tbe .. fety of airernft. Dange .. of firo is one of tbe chier remaininl;' dangerl of fiying lind most of tbi, I. due to th~ gasoline fuel. En!: inc. of the Diuel tYl,e, USIng beavy oil I ij::nited us II result of h igh compreuion in the Cyl"ldcr~, avo,,) thil fire dlluger bul have not yet been Illade uceclIs ful1y in the amnII sizes and bigb efficiencies demanded for "in·rllft. The noyal Aircrnft Enabliabmeut I1na had under test, .'Ilr. Taylor diael(>scd, an l'llglno or thi a

Re ply of Oemocrah- Continued

We pledge the vete rnn s that none of the benefits heretofore Rccorded by the Wilson administrnlion lind the votes of Democratie membeTli of Congreu shall be withdrawn; (hal these will be added to m(lte in acco .. · dnnce with veterans and their dependents' actual needs.

We fa'·or legislation making fair and lib· cral C(lmpensation to government emplo>·ees who lire injured in IIccident Or by oc<:uJla ­tionol disell!le lind to the dependents of such workers II I mny die liS a rnult thereof.

lIull1n" rights must be aafegunrded.

Tariff legislation will be based "on main­I~"ance of legitimnte busineu and a high IItnndnrd of wages fo .. American .Iabor!'

Federal employees should receive a li,·inK wllge ba!led upon American s tandard! of decent living. Present wages sre In many ins tances (ar below that stnndard.

We {fl,·or a rair and liberal retirement law for "overnment employeH in tbe classified 6en·ice.

tYlle which cornu nearer than hitberto to what nireraft engineers desire. Operated On nol1· inflammnbJe oil instead of gaaoline Llli l engine delivered Len per cent len power but rcduced its fuel consumption eishteen per cent. For airplane trips involving more than ten hours flying time this engine would be m"re economic .. l, :'lit. Taylo .. said, lhan tbe us ual guoliue engin~s.

Apes As Pets

Trained aud in telligent cbimpanlen, run­ning errands for their masters, carrying baggage in tbe railway stations, len'ing as watchmen in city buildings or plowing in the farm er·d fields, ~weeping the floors or wa~hi"g the windows in homes; these fI,,1 among the biologital "might have been5·' .uggesled by a recent remllrk of Dr. W. Reid IIlalr, head (}f the New York Zoological Park and well-known Btudent of animal Il\lclllgence, b<lfore a 5Htion meeting of

407

R eply o f Re publiuna-Continued

Full and IIdeCluate rlliiof fo r our dilabled veterana il our aim, lind we commend t be Q.ction of Congre .. In furthe r lIberalhdng the lawl applicable to veteranl' relief.

We believe thnt In time ot War the nation should draft for It. defense not only Ita citi_ zens but allo evory resou rce which may con­tribute to aueceas, The country demands t hat sbould the United States ever IIgain be called upon to defend itse lf by II rma, the President be empowered to draft such ma­terial reBOurcet And luch aervices 8$ mDy be requircd, and to Itabilin the prices or serv­ices and euentilll commodillu, whetber util. Ized In actulII wurtare or private activity.

Th~ itellubllcan party pledget iwlr to continue It I etrorh to maintain this present standard of living snd bigb .nce loI.'a!e.

Step. hnve already heen taken by the Re­publican ('ongreu to make the aerviee mOre attractive al to wlget Ind relirem<!nt p .. ivi­leges and we commend what hIlI been done 31 II Itep In tbe right di rection.

Stepl have alrcndy been t aken by the Re· publican Congress to make tbe ae rvice mOre attrnctive as to wsges and reti rement p rivi­lej::ea, lind we commend what haa been done all I ltep In the right direction.

the New York Academy of Medici ne. Even !n its p retent Ilate the cbimpantee ii, Dr, Blair believu, tbe most Intelligent o f animals nea t to man. If primi t ive man bad bappened. he remarked, to ... Iect chim. pllnteel for domestication instead of doga; if tbese clever and affectionate apel bad enjoyed the long centurle. of human com­panionlhip whieh ha. been the lot of tbe dog, it i, impouible to "y bow g reatly their intelligence might bave developed. Centuries of effort to breed the mOlt inte lli ­!l;ent ,'.riet! ... of apes, just as b reeden bave produced kinds ot dogs for apecia l pur. poses like running 0 .. hunting, would have added .till rurtber to the ape·, mental pOWCrI, The brain of the ehimpan1ee i, ot mucb the lame kind. Dr. lila;" believ .... 11.1 the brain or man and tbe animal would probably profit greatly by human tOMacu. The fact tbat chimpanteeS escaped buman ~ontrol llnel allll rema!n tree creatures of the forut rna)' sum sentimentolly admir­IIbl~ hut it W8I perhaps t he ape's greates t m!sfortunt. III well III one of man'~,

408

Chicago Society

T HE "."Uo 0' the cilll oj Chicago i. "11'. will." Ch,'ctJIIO electrical wo .. hr. 11<1118 th~ Chl""lIr> '1,'rit. The'll doubt/u.

• Iand fir.t Oil fll#! CO'ltinlllll ;11. their illlrrnl in lult"icul lrainillg for electrical Mlorker., alia: fA".. dand fir.! in tlt.rir fldUCIII;OIlOI DClti""""~II!. Til. CMcagIJ ApprflllticCI Club hal 10011 1I1I1;oll. .... .;d" recognition lor it. '"c· ce •• ,,,l "o"duct (1/ C/O"'''8, "'cr.<1tio",,1 (lltd flocial alai" for ~.6QQ d~triclJl apprcllticn. But Cltkago dou .. .,1 b"lieu. 0'4t .io~rItCll­m ..... luIuld mark ti"t'" TlleJi !tave /lJr,,.ed an cducolil/IUII • .,MIII!'" wllie .... Ilu flJ" iu p«rpou tI'/l dNd" of IIdVIII1f'ld dectrieitll. Tit#! f"ci­etll. ill IIthcr Vi/ni., "'rVe' II, /I po.t g"(ld''''I#I C"U"'1<1 lor JOK ... ne" ..... ". Tit" mill hod if pr(lc­tical. The ""we.t apparah •• i • • "t liP ,u.d ''''''#1,,''4. Lect" .. u liT. gill*"'. All ill .. U. tI •• ..... i .. l,. i ..... oIlier nid,,"c/I 0/ CIli~"l1o', "11'/1 tciU" .piril.

Knowing that YO\l are ..-itally interested in educational endeavou, we fee l thllt you will be glad to learn of Iln educational !OCtety that eJli~b in Chicago. This dub, whieh iB compo""d ot n'embers of L. U. No. 134, hu for ita obje<:t the at\ldy of the latea! develop· menta in electrical equipment, eSpe<:'ially auch eq\lipment as ia employed in the con· slruction and operation of large building •.

This organiutilln h .. only one permanent offieer-Brother J. Flynn, recording secre· tary. A dilferent member of the group /lcts lIS chairman nch meeting. This gi\"u the fellows an opportunity to gain some n· perienc ... In conducting a meeting.

On the evening thi. picture wu taken, Brother Mat. Maloon, who ia employed by the Uoardman Elevatllr Signal Contrlll Cllmpany, furnished and explained a work· ing model of this eq\lipment to the boYI.

Among the membera Ilf this club an! tale­phone engineera, electrical inapecton, and men who are n!.pon~ible fllr the operation of the electrical equipment in Chicago" largest building~.

To the Brother memben In other eitiel,

The Journal 01 Electrical Workers (md Operators

Serves as Post-Graduate Course By H. W. MAYER. Chicago

who may be interested In tryilli this educa­tional Itunt, we lire glad to Blly lhllt we lind tho manufacturers ot electrical equipment arc pleased to eo-operate with thia dub In explaining the working prindples of their productJI.

The members 01 thl, otlcanb:ation lind that thele monthly diJlCuuiona of electrical

mnchinery lire very helpful to them and trust that thil intormation may be helptul to otheu .

ED. J. Srrow""

J. 1.£1.ANO,

11. W. MAIlEll, Committee.

MASS PRODUCTION IS INSECURE FOR BOTH CAPITAL AND LABOR

<;ambridll'e, Enl(land.-That IMII produe· tion ia InllCl'ure for both labor and capital becauae of its dependen~ upon wide markets, and that social ruearch and lI('ientillc man­IIgement under the Joint auapic" of Ipbot and employen are needed to give stability to induury and to protect wa/j:e·earnera aKainst theBe effect. ot mcchanil4t1on which are detrimental, was pointed out by apeaken from the United Statu, Gn!at Uritaln, Ger· mnny and other countries at the Congreu of the International Industrial Heilltions Auo· dation (for the study and promotion ot Ratidactory human reilltion. lind conditioM in Industry) which recently completed live day.' dla(:uuion of the subject, "}-'undamental Human Rflilltion.hip. In Induatry," at Cam­bridge, t;ngland. The Congre .. was Ilttend~ by pereon'" mllnage,. and welf.re worlrer., employerl, rCprClflntatl\"U of labor, factory InspectoTl lind re.ear<,h worke ... from 20 countriu.

Sumn,ing up the proc~eding., Miu ~b.ry ,"an Kleeelr, Dirc;:tor of thc Oeplrtmenl of Induatrial Stud; .... of the Ru .. eU Sage ,"'oun' dntion, New York. uld: "The well·being o f worken in .11 countries depends upon under. lying economic conditionl which today pre­sent (ertain common proble .. s, e~pecially tRe growth and movenoent of VOpullltionl, the need {or .... lder marlrels for the Increasing output of ml'Ch~njeal Industry and the prob_

lem. of &eCuring raw material. To Inlure a Itatu. lor wage-earnera which is in sccord with the dlgnily of the human being there i~ needed participation by workers' organiza­tions Jointly with emplol'US' group~ not only ill the management of one establishment but in determining the larger economic pOliciea of Indultrilll life. Even more important thin the material factors il the mental attitude of groups towlrd one anolhflr. Removal of fear and distrust lind the establishment of un­derllanding 11M! essential for the bringing about of peace in indull ry . This lIuociation aim' to utabli"h a common meeting ground which will make pOIUl;ble \lnderstanding be­tween all group. in industry."

The congress exprelllCd itl inlerell and 01. fered itl co-opOrlltion to the International Labor Office in carrying out the reaolulioll adopted at ita recent conference at Geneva in J\lne, providing for ob""rvation of new de\"elopmenll in collaborlltion between em­ployers lIad employed in certain ('O\lntries, which hllve rCl\lJled in In improvement in tho level of real wage!! and working condi­tionl, and 11110 In il"n!lter a nd mOn! economic­al production for the benellt alike of employ­en, employed and tho con,munity al a whole.

The speake,. included the Rt. Hon. Lord ASQuith, K. C. D.; Victor Dn.nford, Socio-10giMI Society, London; C. Delisle Burna,

(Continued '''' .. . g .. 440)

TillS cuOU!' OF (;1lI(;AGO m.~(.wl' ltiCAI, WOItKt-::US STUDY INNOVATIONS IN I'lI.ECTHlCAi. scmNC"; ANI) l·:QUtI'lI I-:NT TIII!OGG U TUI'J UN ION !'lDUC l'I'IUNAI. :-;OCIII:'.I·1'

T he JouJ'1Ial of Electrical JVorkers and Operators 409

Splendid Theatres Nil Without Magic of Light

A MERICA i. building mOre theatrea and ra .... Ce. than ~hool buildincl. The theatr"" are ellceillng an put

uhievements in the tralm of .ho ... ·hou~ .. archite~ture. They pile wonder Oil "'Olldl'r, .endmg the quickly antedated hous"" lo the Icrap·heap. Ciliu seem 10 ho cOII'peling for po.susion of tho ront splendid house". And it 10 comes about. when lin 1I1111[ysis is mado of the factoTi which determine the. IItrieal splendor. that A-I. 11rimo and fore­mOlt, is light Il flexible, chlnging, n,u[ti • .. o[orl'd, p('r{"ctly controlled Itow of lighl. night and dll)', )'ear in and year ouL This aim i, a .. hie'·ed only through skilful wiring, wiring pu(orml'd by maslor workmen.

Tllke a theatre like ItOXy'l, New York, probllbl)' stili the foremou mO"ie house in the worl<l. ap\oudid in the ell'lreme, with huge awitchboerd •• and enough wiro to light a .,,,,111 city. When Roxy'. WI' wired I;,gt year, the job wa. done by union men. H WI! wired after the direct luggOllions of !toxy himself 10 thu the full force of his chrom.tic elrects In the pre.entations (QuId not be lOlL Then the audience had to be thought of.

The lightin~ scheme in the public spaces i. arrang('d in .uch a manner that a p.tfon entering from the gayly lighted street. of the theatre di.trict i, gradually brought into the Roo thlng, quiet, indirect, light of the auditorium. Thereforo tho marquis lighting over the lide,,"alk i. of the .ame type as u~ed in mOlt theatres, eon!ininl: of hundreds of lamp. located on the under .ide. In the ticket lobby lho lightillg in­lensity il deneased and i. supplied p.rtly by CiliJing and bracket fixtures. In the grand foyer the Heming be,inl to take on the n.ture o( thd uled in the aud itoTlum. that i, ~ove Hehting, although there il .UIl

considerable dired lightine from lin enor· mous pendant flxturo in the unter and some ornamental .... 11 bracketa. In the .uditorium, mO$t of the lightin, il auppJied from co\""e~, of which there are about forty in number.

within the building that connect the Ur'V'

iCel to~ther, the network .round the block beine deemed lufficient inter·connection. The load is divided in .ccordance ... ith its proximit)· to the lupply Bou rres; the only load that i. 5llpplied from both D. C. serv-

no;.:\'·~, ST.~:q),\IIP FOIt ;\Ionl: 1'ln>I'~Vr""Tlo:-,' IIOP'.:!';. IX 'I'IIIS .\;':1) O'I'IIEU ":Ol' ;':1'ItIt;~

Energy is supplied to the the.tre through two D. C. Ind two A. C. 5i' n'keJ, the former being 3· ... ire 240·120 volu, and the latter "-wire thN!e phase, 120 volts be· tween phase wire and neutr.1 .nd 208 \'olu three phase between the pha,e .... ire.. The totll demand on the four .erviees is ell" peeted to be 2,600 K. W. There are nO ties

-icos through double·throw switches i. the "!.:inoboo:h." as the prujertor booth is caUed. 801h lIghting and power In it are provided ... ith double s upply.

The lighting in the main is remotely con­trolled from two points, ono the manager's office .nd the other the Ilage. The mau­ager's remote control panel controls the lamp posls, marquis, tube signs, fluher, at_ traction bo"rd, roof sigll, and the l ighting in the public Splices not within th" sphere of inAuence of tho SllIge, such as the ticket fo),er, the grand [oyer, litairways, lavalor;ea, aillu, uits. The controls eonllist of loggle I witches with pilot lighb which actuate contaetora in the feeden to the distribution panela. The lighting in the non-Ilublie I paco, auch al offices, employees' rooms , dreuing rooma, machinery rooms nre con_ t rolled in the ordinary manner by [oenl .witehe! Illd distribution panels. The light. Ing throughout the auditorium is of the tOVe typ('o

• • "Then there Us mechanism. • • • Approsimately 8.1100,000 men, ... omen .nd children in this l'OUntry alone are for senn to nine houn a day doing automatic "'ork th.t .. all. for littlo or no mental exefl'.ise. Thi. must in the l'Ourse of time h,,'e • dil' Itentle influen~ upon the mental if not alto the physical life of many nn individual, and ill the tong run cannot but be harmful to the tace. The automatic ",'ork of the day is often tOml'enuled for by harmful excitement .f· terward-abo a disgenlle factor. • • ."

ALES HaDLlcK .... "'\/e"o', "-..tNr,,: A, A Sde .. titt StU 11"-The ."t"" York Tim ... M"gll..;i" e, tlprill, Uf7.

"Nearly three years ago I said in NMtion'. nusine!lll thllt the chain of depnrtment storel WIlS an inevi table development of the future; thllt distribution .... ould 90lve some of it, p roblems b)' man buying and man selling, ... production had answered lome of its prob· lems by rna ... m.nuflcturing.

"What I slIid then is coming to pili. even more quickly thin 1 expe-r.ted."

E. A. Flu:s£.

410

JOURNAL OF

ELECTRICAL WORKERS (JficiaJ Puhliolfioo w.rn.w BroIf.rtmj o' EIectricoI Work."

D e ... o led . f

t o the

Cau .. Labor

Vol. XX\' tI lV .. hlnKt(ln. 0 , C ...... U""'l. J!r.8

Evans It is significant that the tn!! came 10 Eclward j, E"ans in Ihe midst o f the press and stir o f official

duries as vice Jlresidcm oj this org:'lIuzation. He had jU~1

~gun an important wage movemtnl, had closed voluminous corre5vondence, and had gone to his linle cottage retTt'at

among the Lake ~ I ichigan sand dunes for the evening, "h('11 the fatal allad:: came. Th('re surroun<1c<1 hI' his family, with the marks of the day's duties still about him, he embraced the ultimate mysterr. The gn:aU~r pan of his life had been spent in and for the International Brotherhood of EIl'Ctrical \Vorhrs. li e became a member short1r after the formation of the organization. !lorn in Chicago, he spent his life there, in co-operation with his fellows. li e was prominent in the public life: of the city, having held public offi ce with honnr and distinction. li e: brought passion for detail and imagina­tive vision to whatever lask he undertook. H e was n feTnd devotee of education, and contribute{1 much in enthusiasm a~Hl diligence that vocational ed ucation for electrical apprentices has been brought to such a level of cxcellence in Chicago. He kne:w what the: word team-play meant. He was respected by the scores of officiRls on both the side of labor and of man­agement, on the great railroad systcms of the countr~'. Ila had crossed to Europe as a representati\"(: of the American labor mo\"ement. I Ie was beloved of thou~ands of electrical workers lor his gift of comradeship. ThO"C who ha\"e :mended national conlCntions know that he 10\'ed to make deleg3tes fttl 3t home, how he planned for their comfort and cntcr­tainment, as a mcm~ of the Chicago committee on cntcr­tainment. lIe will ~ missed for his brilliant handlin}! of railroad cases, for his p:wion for unionism and union educa­tion, for his companionship, for himself. Thc Brothcrhood has lost a grtat and good ~n·anl.

The "The racketttr is a gang Ic:.der who crcate" Racketeer a blackmail organization under the namc of

a union or association." Thus the New York \Vor!d defines a type that has recently broken into the front­page. It is well that the distinction be made, for encmie~ of bona fide labor organiz.ations arc only too gl3d to capital i"e a situation which attracts public disfavor 10 unions. By its very nature a labor union is social in ilS aims and purpos ... ..,. A racketeer is anti-socia1, and there can be no partnership between racketeers and unionists. T o pretend that there is is to miss the fundamental meaning of unionism.

Tlte Journal 0/ Electrical lVorkcI"s and Operators

T ied SOUlt'tHll(,!; surprising comments upon industrial Industry affair~ COIllC from remote and unexpect«l places.

Sometimes Ihese statemen ts are basically in agree­Illt'nt. \\·i,hout :Kct'pting responsibility for either of the fol­lowing, we note with intense interest, in the New York J our­nal of Comlllerce, th3! l}rofcssor Schmalenbach, of Cologne. German)", h:JS startlcd world industrialists. Schmalenbach is an rconomic authorit)", practical and shrewd , who recent!) iunuioncd as ch3irm3n of the commission appointed to ill\(S­

tigate the Ruhr co.11 industry. Professor Scl1l113lenb:.ch declares that the age of frtt indus­

tr)' is passing. In its "lace will come "tied industry," a series of vertical trusts or combines, operating with the consent of the state. "The ~tate will give to a limiwl number of con­("erns or cOlllbiUt"i. the exclusive right to produce goods in each branch; it \\"ill thereby prcvent competition j 311d it will pro· tect the consumer by an elaborate srstem of supen'ision."

H e refers, S:'lyS the Journal of Commerce, to the superces­sion of hum:lrl labor b) almost automatic machines, which are rnormousl)' costiy, and which, therefore, create hea,'}, fixed interest burden~. Tile result is frantic attempts to pre\ent IO!<$ b~ forcing production. The time is coming when this II ill 110 lonl!('r alail. Competition will kill ind ustrr. The ()nl~ n.'1ll('d~ is to kill competition by substituting tit'd IIldll~tr}. ••

\Vhile Proft'S'<Or Schmalcnbach W:JS holding forth in thi .. \I N', ~ome four tholl .. and miles away in Cincinnati, F. P. J..;('nkcl lias ullt.'rinJ!; equ31l} surprising thillbtS. Accordin~ 10

the Cincinnati p{)!;t, :'Ilr. Kenkel told the Catholic Confer­l'nct: on Ind ustrial Problems that "ownership or partial owner­ship of industn b)' Jahor" must COme; " this, or ruin, must be the choice of the American Stare."

"Capital and lahor rrmain opposites," Kenkel said, "not through the fault of the men comprisi ng tht'Se g roups, but rather bt:ca\l~e of the fundamental fault of that sr~telll which has granted 10 capital the dominant influence over production and in fact Ol"er the ('ntire field of political economy. Labor ~hould be the chid factor. It should ha\c precedence o\"('r ("3pil:ll."

Quer): 110\\ shall ~ocial control be exercised oler il1dustr) ? Thi ... ~ms to be the major question of the generation.

Ro bot "Step up. ladles and gentlemen, and bu} rour beans Stores and hawn here:' The mechaniatl Illan is talking.

at the threshold of an autOmatic departmcnt store. 'ou entef. You place a quarter in a slot amI lour neatl)" wrappt:d package. \\eighing a few ounttS, of groceries is de­li\Cred to )011. "Thank )01.1, sir," purrs the puppet.

Thi~ is no idle prediction of a brain-faggt'd journ31ist, it ~ecms, but the announcement of an indust ri31 program of the firm of F. J. Lisma n & Company, New York Citro Accord­ing to the plan, I..i~mall is prepared to spend $25,000,000 ill the formal ion of the Consolid3ted 1I11::rchandising Corporation, and the placing of a chain of rObot Stores 3cross the country. \Vlml this will ultimately mean to mi llions of white collar workers now serving as clerks is not an announced part of the program. Unionists wi]! remember that robot stores can give 110 crt:dit.

[

The Jounlul of Elect rical Ji"oTkel's and OperatoTs

F lint Fl inl is lIot on~ of Ihc major ci ties of the Unit~(1

States. Its popu lation is about 135,000. Y~t for :L lime it has bt'cn one of the citie~ of the Unilcd States of major inl(:resl. Flint is th~ home of thc Fisher Boor \ \'oTh, o,e of th~ subsidiaries of the Gelll:ral .\IOIOTS. General .\Iotor .. i5 an antL-union corporation, allli }ct Ihe Flint 1~lant of the Fi~h~r Bod}' Corporation r('{'cntl~' c,=peric;lced a strike­(Illiedy hushed up-that broui-:ht national repercussions. \ Vha! will this strike mean 10 national politics? political rellOrterS begin to ask. Americall Fl'deratioll of Labor organizers om' ilt Flint. They know that lerrilO!)' intimatc:lr. Ther know Ihe cold, ~Ifish, emp[o~ meltt policies of General \loton.. T iler know that despite these, the) IleTe able 10 organi?e oJ ,OOO CI11I>I0)('c5 of General ~ I otors at O~hawa, Canada. and th('r be!ic\"c the epi~oclc at Flint marks the beginninl-: of a break in the ,olid milks of the tlnorg'Hlited General .\ Iotors in the United Slates.

Breake rs Ahead

Popular illtere<.t in unemplol l1lellt appe;tr~ to hale ~ub~ided. Thc illlt'!ht' Alirf} of l:hl willler rt'aching into ~prinp: ha .. b«n swallowl'd up in

tht' hl':lIier ~Iuall~ of popular l'will'm('nI: Olpnpic contt';.h. Tilllcn's suo;;pl'nsion, AI's Iionkl'}, II trb's fi~h, Gl'ne's fi~IH.

and the 100 more or less Unillll)()rtant 1lI0mentia of the Jay. Noll' it i~ our position Ihat ul1cmplo) lIIenl is the mo~t im­

porlant (IUe~tion-the cl'ntral problem- of our common ~o­

ciel). It is 1I0t an epht'meral i~"ue. It i~ not a political I~~IIt'. It is a test-the acid tcsl-of an indu~trial ci\ilization. An indlLstrial ell ilintion that is not prl'parel[ to find work for Ihose who want work is doomrJ.

r At bor'~ relation to this pfoblem i, clear but narroll'. So long as labor is not allowed to take part in management, l(lhM can !wt :tssume respon<;ibilit)' for idle men. /\ 11 til at labor Clm do is to disclaim. C'=I)()stlilatt', entreat, and point tltt' Ilal to i"'prmemenl. L:tl)()r's dutr adheres in slctplt"'>~ agil:uiol1. Tho--e r($pon~ible fur Il!1emplO)l1lent must nOt be allow('11 to forget. That Iho!)(' II ho arl' co:nfortable. that those who ('at thrl'c meals a day I~ith no I!:rcat gusto. anti thO~l' II"ho :1Te borl'd \Iith life, do I\ot readi!y rca1il.e the agoln· attenclel1l upon complJ l ~(If)' idlen('~~, i~ a commonplace. That managcml'nt, intent on prolccting profits, tOO OftI'll lakes the position that u!lemplol tIlt'nt i~ i!lel'itable, is wdl-known. Th<"'C two :lItitIJdes of mind COIl1I)(I-oe hlO of Ihe major ob~l:l­clr$ to ~ltllion of this problem.

Labor also is inclined to be lullell into quiesCt'nce as roo:"! as busincss picks up. \ Ve appear 10 bl' in just such a period of temporar)" pro~perit),. T he U. S. Departlllent of Labor report§ a Goo<1 J une, ami a fair summer and fall in proo;pt'Ct. But Ihe Anna[j~t, the financial \Ieekll·, in its second Quarlerly rel'iew, is nO! sanguine. This journal of t'Conomic skcptici<;11l

declares: "For a trut' perception of what is taking place it is nect"'­

suy to clcar the mind of the familiar t'Conomist's dictum that general olcrpro<!uction is iml)ossiblc 'bt'Cause there is no limit to hunmn wnnts.' Neithcr this conclusion, !lor the assumed basis for it is valid in this presen t economic world. iL i~ not true that everyone wants unlimite(1 (IUantities of an}thing­with the uceptioo of moner and It'isure. And el"cn if el"('ry­one did, tht' bounds of economicallr possible production art' set

h) the economic S\l aplling power of t he individual whose 'II ants' can neler be satisfied. T he advance of machine pro· duct ion and the managem('nt thereof arc steadily r('ducin~

what the grrat m3:;S of inJil'idual workers ha\'e to gi\"t' in an ttonomic swap of St'rI·ic~ (or goods.

"For American imlu~lry as a whole, the saturation IlOint is elidentl)' not near. Hut thert' is linle room for st'riOlls dehate that the productile equipmenl of the countr)', and of the world, is in some directions already in excess of the eco­nomic ~wappillg power of consumers. T he period of read­ju~tmelll to this fact has for some industries alrcadr arril'('(1. It Ilill arrilt' for all."

Gove rnment By Blocs

NlIlct) prnft~~io;l:I ! politicnl scienti~ts Illet in St. Loui~ in July and held a clinic on American politics. T he verdict \\"ns:' the

patit'nt lI'ill die, that is, the traditional two-party system will pa .... ~ away, and from its ashes will arist' a gO"crnment b) blocs. " 1 ... "u<"S do nOI s('parate the two parlies vestically," il was 11t"{:l:.ircd. "The)' break t'aeh party horizontally into blOC'" ha"ed on economic inlcrest and ~ial athantage." The po­

Iitic:11 ~(it'nti~ts sec a farm bloc, a labor bloc, :1 \ICI bloc, a tin· bloc, a big business bloc, already operating. T ilt) Ilellcl'e th:lt thc I)reo;cnt c;ltTlllaign will ~\\'iftl)' mark further di~illle­

I-:ration of thc two old parties. ,h for u~ we do not doubt thai more honest ,\I1d mort'

rficctilt' politics II ill result from frank recognition of economic clil'i~ion.

Set· Back Supcrficial ob-.crl"C~r., sec only ddeat in tht' Not De fea t aCceptnnce b)' the miners of a I\'al-:e below

the so-clIUeti Jat'ksonville scale. T he mi ncr$ :lre not defealcd, least of all by Ihe coal opcrators. T ht'y II cre fact' to face with :1 l'Ct of condi tions which they could no longer control. 1I.J achine production had gil'ell the oper­ators a tr('mendous advanlagt' in the contest, and the federal p:Ol'tTl1l11ent has moved too cumix:TS()Il1e1y to balance tlte un­('lltHt! conflict. But the miller's objeclives have not been lost, though 111111 on. T he miners Wert' striving to stabi lize the indll~tr) through a national agrl'cmcnt. T hey took a stand for the tlimination of non-profitable mines, and the reduction uf II a.stt' and Ol"erht'ad. Ther sought to ht'al a side induslT}" and tht'l hal·e been prt'I·t'nted. \Vhat their reluctant accC'p-­taner of negotiations on a local basis mt'aos is the return of l"IIHhroat cOIllPC'tition in an imlustry ill-prepart'd 10 ~Iancl it. I! lllC'ans IItt' exaltation of a robber-baron policy and psy­dloiop:y, on tile part of the OI)eratof""S, and can lead inevitably only to onC' thing: An enforced rdorm set up by Congress. Coal i~ a public utility and can not be supplied economically ami continlLously under tht' new conditions. The miners hal'e <..uffered a set·haclc, but when the reform is institutcd, aWlin the union will be at the centt'r of Ihe scheme.

Former Governor Allen of Kansas has been al)]lointed dir('ctor of publicity b)' the National Republ ican Caml)aign ('ulllll1it\l·e. H is record as Itove rnor did not endear him to lahor. li e manifcsted Ihe bitterest and most irrational opposi­tlon to unions. and proud fully boastcd that he was the father of the intolerable industrial coun.

4 12 The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operato1'Ir

WOMAN'S WORK

Women ill Industry As They Seem fo M i$" Mary A nderson, Ch /e! 0/ the Federal Women'"

Bureau

A COOL, I1U1Ct room In the mld!t o f Washmgton'. hl'cal lind bUltle; and ,. cool, qluel, uther motherly looking

womll.lI who!e firm hURd. guide the destiny of millions of W(lmen in Arnerie/l/l Indu!triea, lind who is, moreover, not to buy to talk about their problema. That is Mi.s Mary Anderaon. chid of the f'ec:\eral Woman',. Bu­reau, II put of thlll U. S. Department of I.abor.

Women worker_and the machines. Allie. lind enemiu. The ml\chinn brought women into illdUlitry. Miss Ander!!On dee\afea. for machine pr~1 offered work not too henvy tor woman'. strength. nor too IklUed for her to learn without .. long ap­prl'nlienhip. The machlnu brought woman into industry bftaule ahe wla "~h('ap labor ," displacing men .... orkers. lowering wage scalee. Now the mll' chine Ie beginning to put wonlen out of lndultry because automatic: machine production ie still (:heoper.

" J do not think there are. many more. women in industry now than there were in 1920." MiN Andel'&!ln ... id, "We have not the fijturn on it. but aince the War they have hid to light to keep their jobs. Automatic machin, ery maku work easier, It take. the hard labor out of work, it means women replnce men ",'herever it is profitable, but in the end It tnku the women's jobs, too.

"Thl) women now happen to be the exploited dan. Formerly the Imm\· granll furnished the labor auppiy ror exploitation. But WOnlen have two burden_ror in addition to btlng the exploited cia .. , they ,,1'0 art women. with all the disadvantagel 1h8t im· Illiu, The mllrried womlln worker auffe ... mort!'

Don'l Work t' lIr Fun

Miu Anderson il impatient with

emploYH II the kind who wanU to trc:lt hi, employe" biTly, perhaps the company union may 1M! useful, but if he bn't, only a Ittong, indelJendent organiUltion that tan strike if neee ... ry, will reach him.

"The value ot trsde union memberahip to women ... orkers II very grept. For wherever women ore organized, wages lire much higher houre are shorter, conditions lind unndard~ of emplll)'ment are IM!tter in marked degree, And t here ia II tremendous mwtAI effect on II

girl when ahe doe. nol. haye to feel that ahe is all a lon~ in the cit)', in the faclory-the I':reut re:1UUTlI11Ce in bein!,: togtlker with

:\I Ii'S lIAlty .-\~I)1.;uSON

thoM who lilly the mllrried woman goea DIrector of tilt' Woman'. Buresu. at her d .... k In tbe InllllrlmcDt Of Labor, \\'ublllI1'IOn, 1>, 1.:. Into induetry for the fun of it, for pin

money, o r to dodge home relpon,ibil-itiea. The facta I1how that aheer necea' lity d rivt:R her into employment, her wages, pitl/ully arnall, lire absolutely needed to keep the family, and In.lead of dodging home cares, ehe, who cannot afford to hire someone to do them fo r he r, mu~t carry them on as but she cnn when the Inng houre lit the rnctory Of mill lire over,

"The vut majority of women workeu ore in the vcry low pay job~," Mi •• Andeuon lIIid. " Where women h~ve been in the trlldee a long time, in trAde. ... he re ak iJI II nocelJJll.ry, and where organization is ,trong, they have a chance to enrn a good living, but moet of them are in the blind alley t rlldel, where a new hand elln leArn t he process in 0 day or eo and there I, no Bkll!, no or t:an iza­lion, no t uture fo r t he woman wo rker. Yes, I ag ree that lhenl ought to be a chance for ~olleetive bargaining in t radea Ilke t hese. Uul i, t he re !

"COml)a" y unions! Well, t he effect of thele. to uy the lelllt , I. doubt ful. If the

othere. wo rking fo r their common inte re,t, " While a young gi rl entering II trllda il

more apt to leave it than a young mlln, she !hol,lld havt the Bame chance to join tht union that he hlll. For the uke of I h~lr o ... n strength, the unions ~hould make speeia ' efforts to organiZe the girls, and the milT' ried women lIB well, They a re hard to o r­ganize-of course," Miu Anderion ad­mitted. "The married woman especially hae .u~h a big burden she scarcely hll! time to aqueue In another interut-· bu t If ehe can be sho ... n that it is to h~r advantllge to join, .he will mllke a very valuflble member.

"J)id you know that women mllke the best st r ikera! Well, they do, and I t hink It II becl1uPc they dread strikes, lind ... on't go into them until they are t horoughly (:on-vinced th.t a s t rike is the only .... y eut-but when t hey do go in, they ... on't quit, they ,,·m figh t it out tm the end,"

T he mo.t I)reulng problem in Industry to­day. nOt only fo r U,e women workers but

for all worken, i. unemp lo~'ment cauud by the machin<!l. Governmtnt work, while It will .id temporllrily and take 1,11' Borne of the ~ufl)lus of work.needy men. is onh • palliative, not a cure, Min Anderson be· lieves, for autom.tlc m.chinery createl a permanent unemploynlent. We are in a serious aituation. and the immediate need. she III1YI, is briefly. this:

Take all ch[Jdren out of employment. CCll8e night work, Shorten hGu,. until the surplus wGrken

con be ab.orbed. "And ~o fnr as I can see," Min Ande,.on

said. "the only sgen~y that ('8n .olve Ihe problem of unemployment is the trad('~ union-and if they can do It, it will take all the power the)' pOllen. l"ew industriea can't he c ruted tOo provide Jobs for the johleS!! unleu a much biglt('r purchasing pO"l) r i. created to buy their produch, We are not doing that when we li re permit­ting wnlth to bc concentrated In the hands of the l ew. We must have IM!tter wagea and a much better dil­tributioo of wages than former ly,

"And this affects the women work­ers becaun they arc 80 low paid. If the .. age acale could be raised .11 around so thst the n'ar ried mlln would have a f.mlly wage, married WGmen would not h.ve to compete in the hard grind of industry. I don't say that every woman would quit her job at once, for there a r., som., lc .. profenionsl women ... ho enjoy their work, lind make. good living from it. And I thoroughly sympathi1.e .. Ith the young married women ... ho ke.,p on with Iheir ... ell.paid job in offlc., or Itore 10 they can save money til establish 0 home, But tho~e in in­dustry K.!nerally ... ould not be ... ork­ing if t hey could help it.. Some family eriaia made It necessary-th" hu.band

I'. S. o r child llI-or a dep th came-or the hu.band ... u out of work and t ha wife ..... able to find a job. And that'a

another thing thnt keeps women worklnt:, the uncertainty of employment . the fear Ihllt the huabnnd might lose his job and lellve the family destitute.

" In order to take ca re of the chi ldren the mother ... ill work nigh ta while the huaband works days, Then du r ing the dsy the poor, tired womlln will tAke cllTe of Ihe children and do the housework, Instepd of a nice. convenient IIporlment ... ith I:! bor ea"lng de­vices they may have the eheapest kind of 11. place to live In. often with no modtrn con­venien~ea lind don't let onyone lell you they don't h llve two full time jobs. No Ona would t:lke on a burden like that fOr fun or for pin money.

"What we mliit hllve ia a higher atandnrd of Jiving and a share in it for ever ybooy."

And now the NU;on81 l lanu{lIc t urers' ASSQciation pu ta for th Ita "code for wonle n in indult ry," lind IIlthough t his r ellctionllrr o rganization will t ry te make the public

1l'()tlII''''''<1 On Ilngc 4 1.;)

The Journal of Electrical )Vorkel'S and Opemtor8

-"/£,.,, ....... -_coj ... ~ J.-wurb,l.,..{;, la.J.."W~1'<:' J. N ",",. <"'f

"'"'- ~ ,u,~;'" ....... ko. • ......,.. j....r§"~ ~ V:'.J...-o',.,~ J L~,

413

414 Tile Jow'1/al of Elccll-jcal lI"or/':c/'s and Operators

Rotary Brush of Light Paints Pictures Afar By PROFESSOR C. M. JANSKY, Electrical Engineer, UnitJcr3i1y 0/ Wi!COn3/n

IN the prtteding nrtiele were dCM-ribed tho general principle. or impre~~lng varying light inlenaitlu on an electro-mag­

netic "'RYe. The photoele.:trie cell i, the lI!:"cnt or meana by which this I, M(ompli.hed. It remalna yet to explain more in detai l how the varying Hlten~ltie. or light ean be 1m. prened On thl' photoelectric cell. I t i, ob. vious thlll it th, whole picture, or lanlern • !lde used tor iIlutlration in the preceding .rtie\e, be inlerpo~ed ~L"'een the lil!'ht BOUTee and the cell, Ihl' relult will be merely one 1m­pullle and not II ~rrel or impulsel _hieh are I!~sential for picture Irllnlmiuion. It the whole pkture W(,Te hllerpolled, tho photoelec­trie current would be equivlllent to the aver · ' IIlte illumination nnd lIO long as the picture did not chnnge, the ruulting current would be of conlltnnt Intenaity. The prOC('~ft or method to be u6ed in the product'5on of flucluntlnlt current! ar~ In prinl'lple the allme fe. the transmisaien of pll'turf'a as for lelevialon, but as the phys.iololricnl propert;e. of the ryl' do not enter ;n picture tranllmluion the proce~!lea of tranemie.lon lind reception are much simple r than for telui llon, hence tldio tranllnlluion 01 picturea will be ex­rlained flnt.

The picture to be tranamiltt'd II made translueent, much tha .. me al the ordln. ry 111m neguive. It I. then wrllpped on a glul r)' linder which ia rotated hy a aynehronoua motor. A be.m of light ill fOC'u sed on the 111m by II IYl tem of lenses lind the light pIIss;ng thrOURh the picture entou 1\ photo. I'I~ t ri(' cell. The nrrangement of these ele· menu is l bown in Fig. 1. where L II the I.mp: D ba condenaing lena; A ill a dia­phr3gm; S la • projeelion lena; C il the rotating l'yUndtr on which the rhetogra ph I. mounted: and P II the photoelectric cell. Aa the cylinder II rot.ted it is moved cnd_lIe by a KreW. The pOint of light Incident on the tranalucent photogr.ph descr;,," • apinl or thread of the .. me pitch •• thllt of the lead serew.

It ia ohviou. th.t the intensity of light In­cident on the photoeleetric cell will v.ry .. the light .nd dark pnrta of the film pa .. .crou the pencil. The fluctuating ligh t wi11 clLuse IL flucluatinJ.: curren t in th e photoelec· tric cell whIch, when am plified. i$ then u$ed to modullLte the carr ie r electromall:net;cw.ve ClIplained in the June tuue of the J OUR NAL.

I'Jelure M. de by One Stroke

This proce .. of sc.nn ing the picture il analogoul 10 the m.kinlC' or a picture by one continuou. stroKe of the pen. Some ye.ra ago the re WII' on t he mllrket a pen picture of WiII i.m U. McKinley. The pen anilt be-pn with the tip of the no'M! .nd by • Ipir.1 and continuou. mo\'ement produced a very good llkeneu of the Pretlident. T he tClltu res were delineated by hellvy .nd light linn. Perhllp~ .orne of the re.de .. remem· ber seeing ... ch n picture . The pen of coune takea the plnce 01 the pencil of light and the hell")' lind light ink line$ eorrupond to tll e mo re intellBe nnd 11'' ' Inten~e pencil of light as it pues through the trlln l lucent photo· gr.ph.

fluctulltinll elet'tric curreu tl whirh .t the receiving lI.tlon, lifter being amplifll'd, re­produce the lIOund through the 0rency or the di.phrall'm of the loud apellker.

Likewlle in picture tr.nlmlllftion varying light intenlitiet\, through the .gency of the photoelectric cell, produce varying electric turn,onta which .t the reee;"ing end .re tranalMed into varying light [nlenaitie •.

The ap panttua at thc receiving end is 5impler than at the tranlmilling end. It

consi.tl o f a radio receiver, II r~:ifler, II

ncon gal IlImp. a TC\'olvinll' cylindl' r housed in • Ught tight box, and. I)'nchronoul motor geoffll to the cyUndu. The enenti.1 and in. dispen.able element of thil .,,\I.ratua la the neon tube lamp, lame in prinl'ipie but differ­ent in form .Ilhe many neon lube-I.mps no\" used in ad"-I'rti ling where the n.me or "'ord is rorm.d by a rl ... tube emlUing a pink or redd\lh light. Tlie I.mp con,llta of • gl.u tube into the cnda of which are """led two tcrminnl! to which. lIOurce of ... oltage ie COnnl'C!('d. Thie voltllge II'nd. a Imail electric cU.rf'nt through lhe lube between the electrodc. and thll current producCi the Camllior reddish ligh t. The cha raetcri, tic of the neon I.mp thn t makes It an e •• cntinl ele. ment of picture tnoollmiuion ta it. acnsi­tivenell to .. ol tace variationl. The .Iightest v.rialion of volt.,e .cro .. the terminals is immedia'ely followed by • ehlnge in the in­len$\ty or light. The lamp I, mounted ill Cront of tbe len. " 'hich focu .. eJI III light on the senlitiz.ed film mounted on the cylinder In the camera. The Ilgn.1 or elect rom.gnet ic w.\·el .ctuate the radio rl!ee l"'e r. T hcy are then CIIrricd to • tr"ndormer, rec t iflc r .nd omplifler, and then to the neon I.mp. Every fluctu.tlon or ch.nge In the eleetrom.gnetic wa"e . ctuating the receivlnlC lOt ia accom. pnnied by 1\ ehange in the IIl1"ht emitted by the ncon I.mp lind Ineident on the BCnliUled

F I Glrul~ Z ·J nli\.Il~:·S ~'A(' I;; I ,e f! : 'J'h(l O. hl'ln"1 t'horo.

Ilallio Pboto.

!wn\' I\'~:J)

1111:111 : Tile

At the recel ... ing end the picture lire· produced by • pencil of light WhOM .... r i •• tlon! in intenllty are euct counterpartl of those .t the lendi ng end.

The modulated electrom.gnetic .... Ir •• n reeeived in ClIllClly the .. me manner a. tho .. .... hicll . r e tranll.ted Into music by the dla· rhragm of the loud lpeaker. The tran.I.Unr equipment I. ag.;n dlll'erent. In. broad· eaaling ltat;on th. lIOund WaV" produca

film. A. the cylinder rotatea the lIuctu.tinll' pencil (If IIl1'ht trllCes a Ie reW or helical path on the aenal tiud fllm. A. the chemical .c. tion of n,ht v.riet with ita Intenaity It i. obvioua t hat th. fluctuaUnl' pencii will produce more and leas ioten .. ehemleal ac • tion. When the 111m ia de'reloped the dark .nd light portlonl oC the line ttaeed by the pencil of light produce the picture In much the a.me manner al the penm.n mentioned

ubo,·e. A pict ure t ranlmilled by radio i, ahown in "-ig. 2. Thl. il t.ken from the Gencr.1 Elect ric Newa.

Sw[rlly Tran8mllled

The btt that the cyllnd"r at Ihe receivlnll' Ilation must rotate in e.ut . ynehMni.m "ilh the cylinder at the unding Itation i~ .1. mORl obviou.s. If it did not, the light .nd dllrk line~ to form tho noae, for cx"mple, would not be in proper juxt.pOsition and the devcloped picture would Ihow a distorted noee.

Thl' prOC'ul of troumitting pictures by rll<llo hu bc~n improved to Ruch nn extent thllt n picture ,,~ by 8 Inches clln be tnnl' mltt~d in one and one·h.lf minutel.

The prnetieal pOssibilit iea ul thie new de· \'elopml'nt of electron phyaics nrc, like for lnOI ' ncw developmentl, 11111 unknown. A few obvioua ones may, however, be mentioned. The detection of crimin.11 .... iII be greatly f.dlitated by an almoa' in.lnnl.neo". dia. tribution of the libnt' .. u and finger p rinta of the c riminall in place of ve rbal deKrip. tiona. Meaugu m.y be typewritten .nd then transmitted .1 • pldure. Such. meane of «Il'Ilmunic.tion will eert.inly «Impele with, . nd may even dilpl.ce the tranaoce.nie cable. The fIIcaimile Iransmi"ion of dOC'u· menu, .utogra phed lette,., leg. l paper., Ilen.turu, etc., life .11 made pOuible. A very large field for rad io·t reusmiuion or plcturea i. of course the prell. Diatant acene. lind e ... ents may be quickly presentcd to the readen. What I'llI' time hnl in s tore rem.in. for time to reveal. Television. o r aeelng .round the e.rth, .... 111 be the .ubject of the neU al1.ic1e.

Successful Men Have Larger Families

The threat of "rllce ,uicide" $0 often \'oited by experlll in eugenic., i, weak~ntd by Ilati.tieal .tudies reported by the dia· tingulahed Americ.n biol0ll';.t. Dr. Fred~r. ick Adami Wood., in II recent comm unic •• tion to the New York lcienti fl e review, Selence. Among th e membo,. of what might be c.lled modern .ri.to~r.elu there exisu, Dr. Wood. finds, preci.ely the oppos ite biologit lendency: II Undency to eon.erve rather t hnn to decrcase the hum.n atrainl of g reateu abili ty .nd luceelS. It i, lome­timu urged by advocatu of eugenic lawl that the best clusea of the «Immunity tend t o h .... e fewe.t th ildren, ao th.t they m.y be , w.mped in a few genc r.tiona by the more numerou . oll'aprinll' of cI.ue. of lower ability and leu .ucceu. Thi, m.y be true when the in tellettu.1 clanea .s • whole .re comparf'd with the ent ire m . .. of the popu. latlon. Dr. Woods find s, howc ... er, that among Uarvard graduatel and among per. lon, In the Engliah nobility, th ele c1auea be;u!!, taken merely •• av.ll able "I.mples" of peraons of n'ore lh.n averllge position and opportunity, those Individual. Who have more t han IIver.ge lucee .. to their c redit .1 10 tend to h.ve mOr\! than the aver.ge number of children rather th.n leu th.n the average numhor. Exception.1 ability ~monlt these cllI .. !a t end" therefore, to b. ,ncreaaed by heredIty rather th.n to die out.

"Some Indultrica a re 110 onr·de .. eloped that lix monthe' production lumcn for a yea.'1 $upply."

SD::RET4Jll' OF l.AaOR J ,un:s J. D ..... ul.

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators

THE WORKER'S DREAM

WHEN DO YOU HAVE YOUR VA.CATION

SLIM

THE BOS5 GAVE M MY TWO ·WEEKS PAY TO DAY, I START NEXT

MONDAY THE R.TEENTH.

416

416 The Journal 01 Electrical Workers and OpemtorB

RADIO WHAT MAY WE EXPECT OF TELEVISION?

By AUSTIN C. LESCARBOURA.

Member I. R. E .• Men,be. A. J. E. E,

TELEVISION. the lateet child o r IClenee, il .. lubject of much t1iacuuion tlleM' daY8. Therf' i, .. verItable flood or 10011<1'

talk regarding ulevi,ion. Column. upon column of loo~e wrltln ... re appearing on the lubjecl. Speci.1 Ilubllcationl are dedl­ute<! to lelevbion. Rndlo manufacturen a re CllI'ering lelevi,ion pUll lind kitll-with tom· pleta outllb jUlt .round the <,orner. Cer­tain allvn)' tongued j[f!ntll'men art' loon to amploy tf>luision .. the f1l;'urntive crowbar in prying hard-earned IAvinga from Inu­p.erleneed and gullible fnve-toTi. Radio deMI­e,. .re rea turing what purports to be tele­.1,101'1 to gnping erowd~. In ehor t , the day of televiaion has arrived.

Whllt is it aU abou~ 1 Well. no one knowl for ~ertain . One gilI'''' I, lIa Il;ood 1111 the next. Te[evillon In aU probllbility will de· velop a. did brolld~lIstinr-rrom an experi_ menl to an indllitry and pllblle inatitution­If ri"en time and proper IUPPOrt. Then araln, fooliah handling may kill it in lhe Infaney ltare. NuertheJ .... , In lIa ,it down at thia time and analyu thia tf'le"lalon allb­jKt I.Q Ihat we may know, .. eleetridanl, bow to dilellu it intelligently when ullf'd upon for an opinion.

Flnt or all. let III get thll raet Itnight: telf'vltlon, al II i, now belnr done, II nothlnr new. The princip[el 10 back !Ievenl decadu. 1I0we"er, it hu remained (or the precl .. technique of modern radio to make the old teie"l,ion idea at lenst workl\ble. Senlitlve photoelectric cella or electric eyeB, remark· abl. amplifierl or electrical mic roKopel, and neon glow 111m pi wbieh reaet to the .lIlJhtest current "a,iatlon in te rml of lumlnosity-these facton are quite new and provide the nKflU,y precillon tool. for the teleri,ion worku.

Daplte these p~I.lon toot., how. lYer, television tec.hnlque II really qllite crode. Indeed, it ia doubtful Whether we ah.lI enr let very far In our preMnt buic 'Yltem, and el[­perta are gener.lIy agreed that we ahAiI have to stumblo acroll .amelhing entir~ly different. Even au, the .. m~ tMnl might have been laid about the radio telephone in it. laboratory d.y •.

The baal. tor the preaent ... dlo te le­vision 'ystem la the point· by-point an.lyais ot the lubject, a .. l&:nlng • relative light vIIlue to each point, transmittinl thoae light valuel to the diltant receivu, and reproducing thUH various light "alut'S in the proper or· df'r and position au .1 to produce • pattern that provides an .pproxima­tlon or the orlgin.1 aubject.

,itin phot~leclrl~ cell., ~ady to relpOnd to any light which reaches them. The only li,ht la that rellect~ by the subject as the rHul1 of the I ... eepinlr beam. lin~e the lubject II In a dub'ned room. 11ence the photoelectric celb re«lve a light "slu~ for ea~h point cxplored, and accordingly modula te the outfl'Olng radio wave.

Recently a almple ch.nle in the .. "ange­ment. h .. permlui'd or handling aubjects In

broad daylight. In 'hl l cllle the subject I, uniformly illuminated, 10 that we cannot em­ploy the nplor lng light bum and the re_ lIected light Iiii'll. In lll'lld, we depend on the .c.nninr disk to ,Ive UI the point to point cxamination of tho lubject hI' the photoelK' trie c~ll placed bt!hind the ... anninll' disk and opticlll system. In this mnnner the photo· electric cell recelvu a lirht value for each portion of the subject.

The receiving end I. Jllit the reVerM pro­cess. We have. auurce of lilht, such aa the neon glow tube, the lumlnoaily of whkh h atturRtely I'Ontrolled by the modulation of the inC(lminr li,nal. In r.ct, the neon tube, I'Onnected to the output of the usu.1 power ampliller in pl.ee of Ihf' loud'apeaker, give­us a .. ':'MOl inatud of an oral inlerp .... t.tion of the aignal. The ne<)n tube II givinr ua the point by poinl analYlla ot the lubject at the di!tant tranlmittinlll' .tudlo. All that reo mains il to arranre tht~t' various luminoua valuel in aume lort of I'altern cor ..... pondin!:' with thllt at the trMlIll1ltting Itudio, Rnd thl, i, done by mellu of a u anning disk whi~h "p08Ition." the vMyln" light from the nwn lamp into II d~llnlte order on the sc reell, wellvlng an approxlm .. tlon of the origlnlll Bubject.

It take. an alte to tell this ItOry, in com· puilon with the lI~tual operation. In ract, tele"ilion takea piull In a fraction of second. The fntire image mUll be painted with lilht

At the tran.mittinr end, we have nnt of all a powerful louree of light, In front of whleh ia a revol"lnr, slotted disk or leann[nr d[,k. lerving to throw a .. arrow hum of lilht on th" aubject. The scannlnr disk II au an.need I.hat It IWWpS • beam of light acron the subj«t. line by line, in a f,setion of a ~od. Meanwhile, f.e­Inlr the subject, II .. baUery of sen·

1I1i:~;ISG WIIII .Po IIf:AIII"O.

in lesa than t 16th IK(Ind. The imalll, of \':GurH, ia an opti~al illualon. If,..e could _ rapidly enough, at an)' riven inltant we would have but a .inlle point of light on the screen before ua. However, duo to penll­tence of villion, the eye r~taln' all tbo dotl thrown on the. Ic~en in the. laU .Ilteenth or a tel':ond, 10 that the disconnected dot, ap· pur a. a complete> pattun. The movinl picture effect ia due 10 • conltant lIood of new dOli .. the earlier ones ue fadinl out of liChl.

One problem i, to provide the proper reo lat ion.hip between the tr.nsmitting and lhe recel"lng scanninr dilks, for otherwilll!l our Image haa the .ame grote.que appearante aa tllo"e trick mirrors at the amuaement park. Thl. II done by means of a delicate Ipeed ~ont rol of the motor It tile ' Keiving end, tOJl:ether with a .hort·eir~uitinl button for the reailtance in dreult, caulin&, a momen_ Inry spurt of the motor 1geed. Thi. i, the Hude Iynchroniling meanl ulually employed. It likes about the aame aurt of Ikill to keep lhe tf'levilion imace in atep .. it doe. to .teer an automobile down the center of the road.

Our tf'leviaion image il not unlike the pat· tem of dOli of Ihe ulual balftone engra"inc, u«pt that it i. of a far cruder order than e"en the newspaper half·tone. The I.Uer u.ually hAl 6{i rO"'1 of doll to the linear Inch, lind i. therefore called a %.Iine ac reen . There lire 4,225 dotl to the aquare inch . .~"cryone i, familiar with the v~ry modelt amount of detail obulnllble with such /I

terecn. In prCfltnt. d"y tele~i.ion. In order to pre·

lent II cruder Im~ge ot II\ Y 50-line tuture, or 2,500 dots to the .quare inch. we mUllt tr.n .mlt 2,500 dot elf'menll In one·.lxtecnth of a second. or .t the rille of 40,000 dot ele· menu per second! Our ex peri menta au far

lead UI to believe th.t with lin![le aide band tranaminion it ia neceuary that thf' kilocyeie fr~uenc)' band be at lea!!-t one· half timf'a lhe numbar or dot el.,menu per aecond. AM-line image mean •• 2O.kllocyeie bond. A .oo·line image mennl an 80-kilOC'ycle bnnd.

It we refu bllck to our neWapalle r half·tone, we note lhat an i", .. ge throe by five inches I. about .. smlll ..... e ran po .. ibly ule for tho general run of Ic<me.. It would be II mighty Imllil window to look out upon the world. Yet l uth dimeuionl call for an ima,,11 160 linea high and 260 linea wide>, In the cose of the 5O-iine textul"t!, or 37,­r.oo dot elementa to be tranamille([ in one-sixteenth or a aecondl

We have .ccepted the too.line ima~ al the minimum for ev~n a blull" at ~ommerdal television. That meana a picture abou t I "S by 1 '4 Inche. Iquare, with fair texture.

But where lire we to get .n 80·kilo­cycle band1 The }o' edera l Uadio Com· minion ia hlrd prealed trying to find room for broadcllltera who r~l,Ilre only a lo..kilOC'ycif' b.nd. Many bro.d· castell are b~ing thrown olr the

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators 417

II EVERYDAY SCIENCE

II Vermonl Ula~k"m l lh In .. e nled ~'I rat Eleel r k

Co<

M.n·a tint tr.nsport.tlon vehld~ waa probably th~ II~d, d ... w .. by hand and latu hitched to aome kind of be.lt of burd~n. Th~ invention o( the wheel il laid to h"ve been the ,~.tnt bc!nefit to mankind o r .ny invention. By the ule of tho whul. ve­hicle. have gr.dultlly been doveloped.

The !lut rea] .lep .w.y from animal­drllwn vehldel II lIIid to hAVe bo~n m.d~ in ]698 when C.ptilin S.very, .n Enlc11.h­mllll. invented the Ile.m IItng"ine. No Kreltt .dv.nee wal made until J.me. Walt In_ vented a more perfeet maehlne In 1782_

The fI ... t 10tOmOlive la believed to hAVe bef'n bLillt by Robert Previcheek. In Enll'_ land. In 1801. The tint ateam locomotive in Amerifa .. a. oper.ted In 1829. bLit W.I bLilit In f;nlCland. The !lut Americ.n loeomouve wal built b)' I'eter Cooper. in IIlIltllnore. In 18.10. and the marveioul Iteam enKlnn of tod"y .re devf'lopmentN trom thue early onu.

The flut atree t ear linll) anywhf'n I. be· lieved to hAve been the Third Av('nuo ].ine in New York. which bell'an otlerRtion in 18!I1, ullng horlel .. mollve powor. I_ater. Iteam enjl(lnu were L11f'd. eompreued Ilr waa experimented wilh, and elfo.tt were made to perfed • gal-propelled. hydraulic Ilidin, c.r. A pneum.tic .allw.y for underltround ule wal tried in London. Cnble r.ilwaYI were uled in mlny cltl ...

In 1824 Petcr Bllrlow, an Englllbn,an. dll. covered tho principle of the electric molar, but th~ fiut Ipplication fllr electric rall­W/IY. canu! from Thorn •• Dllvenport. A Ver­mont blacksmith. who Is Tcp<)rted to havo operated a toy m<)tor <)n a Irnltll railway In 1824.

Pr<)KTell ilionII' the.e IIIICI c<)lItinu~d for 2:; yeara when. Frencbman nllmed Gramme ••• credlled with I practical commordll c<)ntinuoLl, d)·namo.

The lint ~lfCtric line wal opentd In lie.· lin In UIIiI. Thia line wal one mile and a half IonIC .nd il bellf'ved to be the lint e<)mml'rerl] electric ral1w.y.

In tho United St.atu, work on an electric rOld W .. rommenced in Rahlmore In 1885. Cleveland and Kln$al ('ity ah<) had elec­tric line. aboLit this time. but the flrtt con,plete .nd luccouful Gleetrlc Ilre('t rail­way in the United Stntu II credited to Hkhmond, VI .. in 1888.

Tod/ly eledric street ,allway. In the United Statel earry opproximate]y 16.000.-000.000 pau<'nll'en .nnuall)'. and repr~.ent an inve.tment in the vicinity of .i. billion doll ....

~lln and rower Taday .... d " e_terd lY

In 1800 one man produced Ibout halt a ton of co.l; tod.y h~ pradLl(,f'. IboLit four tonI and the machinery I, devlI!lopt'd to Inc rUBe thi .. to tw~lve lon~. "hia con,pllfi. IOn ... mllde by Arthur lIuntinlCton of the Iowa State Bonrd of EdLlcntlon IIn ~ WU qLloted by .. •. H. Low in It recent IULIe or "Power."

DurinII' the same poriod thQ fQllowlnl: in­crease in output per worker baa t.kon plac~: "'rom 100 Iquo rO feU o( lumber t o 750 IqLllre feet. From 600 pound. of Iron to 6,000 poundl. From one_fourth pllir of ahoel to 10 plin. "rom 20 Iquare feet of paper to 20,000 IqLlare feet. From fj5 Iquare feet of ~I ... to 3,000 aquare feet. An ex-

pert nail maker uled to mak~ 6 POUndl of nail. in 12 hOLin. The output in th~ nail indultry today i. 000 pounda per dlY of ~i,hl houn.

Of courae thil pin il n<)t .n net. lIum.n labor ia nece .... ry to m.ke the m.~hines thlt are Uled up In the generation, trani­miuion .nd application of thil powor.

Elect rIcity Doel the Work of 350.001).000 !I en In the Unite d Statea

At th~ end of 1026 thl!! inltallod generator clpaci ty o( electric light Ind power plenU in the United St.tes wu in exce .. of 25,-000,000 electri~11 horsepower, and a ... n electrical hOUf'powf'r i, equinlent to th~ work of about fOLirteen ab]e.bod,ed men, this cap.city reprhentl the work of about 350.000.000 men with the added advantage that .hlle the gener.tors can work contin­uously for twenty-four houri each day, an able_bodied min quiu It the end of eight hOUri. The~e companies .e rv~ approximately

18.000.001) domestic customers. One out of every lou. of the inhabi tants of cities and townl in New t:ngland il II cLiltomer of an electric li~ht and power company.

It ubber In",lnlion to Reduce :O;ola" on Si reet Rili waya

Rubber ia beinll' u~ed by the Markel Street R.i] ... ·.y of San Francisco to reduce noi .. and vibr.tlon In Itreet ears. rLire rubbc!. p.ds. flve·eighthl of an inch thick. lI.e uled to inlulate the car bodies from the t'L1ck!. thereby pr~ventlng the tranl_ mluion of g<lllr .nd other nolaes to the Car body itself. Thl. Idea il following out one used by automobile <lngineers for 8e ... • Qral years. in u,ln~ pu re rubber I,.dl to insullte the engine from the frem e of a molor ca ••

New caTl will be equipped with thil de­vice when built. and old ca ... will be IItted up II the rate of about elChl per week.

The adoption of thil .cheme has rol1ow~d many .... N'ka of experiments Ind lUIS Ihow an appredable reduction In noi.e.

Rled r ;': "ump Ital lea Wlter 3,2,,6 ~'eel

Elect r icity hI! been ILicceufLlliy employed in puml,ing out a deep gold mine in South Africa. An IIccldent to tbe old pumlling oquipment flooded the mine to ILieh an ex­tont thlt it could not be "dewltered" with the equipment pre ... iously ult'd. cILIling tho abandonment of the lawer levell. When the riling ... ater threatened the upper le ... oll. it w •• deddl!!d to .ttempt to pump the mine out by mun of hoge ~Iectric­driven pumpa. A mulli-Ita~e eentrifug.1 pLlmp, dired-connected 10 I 2,000 hone· power motor, wa, In.tliled more th.n 3,000 feet below ground. Ind (or 23 monlh, th. oquipment operated continLioUlly. pLimping wllter to the ILlrhce .t the rate of 76,000 killona an hour.

As the water lo .... ·ered. two .dditional pump­InK unit8 were ,noun ted on a lied, o.ch drl""n by a 460 honepower motor with a capacity of 100.000 gillona an holl.' againlt a 500-foot head. Tbe I]ed w .. lowered .. Ihe w.tor receded untll it had reached the 6OO-root limit of ita pumping .bilit)'. when • nother pump ... al unl down to carry the water up 10 thlt point. By tbi . meanl the lower levels of the mine. more thin one

mlle below the lurflCe. W re lueenatully "dewatend."

It II believed that thb eonsUtLitel • rec­ord head agalnlt wh'ch th~ pLlmpl were <)bliged to .ork.

t:IC't't r ieHy b Sife Where Theae Simple Ital tll! Are Obler .. ed

COllllllon sense II all thllt anyon~ need IU. in order to keep electricity in It, pileI In Ihe home-ths ufeat , mon f.ithful and de. pendllblo of ler ... anlt. lIere Ire 10 Ilmple rLiles that eon,Htute common MnM:

I. 11 I tu_the electric.1 .. rety vllve-­biowl out, you Ire o ... er-loading your wirinlr Iy.lem or utlnlC def...:tive Ippli.nce. The trouble il not corrected by -erewlnlr In a larK" ru.e. FUM' of 10 ampere capaci ty ara ordinarily Ilrlre enOugh for houle d r­eulta.

2. Do nOI try to Inltln Iddltional wirin~ In )'our home L1nlelll you Ire an electrlci.n. Your bell inlurlnce again" fire II good wir_ Ing. P'Oll('.ly inltilled.

!L Wirel muU never bo tacked to w~1I1 or ball('bollrdl or hung on IIlIila. It the InlLlla­lion wcan thrOllgh thon il trouble.

I. Ule porcel.in, not met.l. $OCketl In blthrooml .nd In bUementl 10 thn If a peftlOn nandlng in waler or on a damp noor tou~h ... one, there II no pollibility of Ihock from a de(ecti.-e device.

6. 00 not hlndle electrkal .ppliancu when any plrt of the body II touchinlC wlter pipinjl( or other plumbing.

G. Ntv .. r set elHtrle ironl on combuttlble materl.l. Alwll)'1 Ute tho mot~1 stlnd or re!l thnt la prOVided.

7. I.ampi In clothes cloleta I hou ld n'lver b~ lert burninK when the door il cloled. Ule lin autolllatic dooflwit.ch.

8. Never L111e Iron. or to •• ten to warm btd. In winter. IIoltinK pad, are mad. for Ihe purllOIO and a.e "blolulely .. fe .

9, II lVe .11 app]ian~ COrdi rep.ir .. d or r .. plaeed wh .. n they beeome worn. You can­nOI depend on dtfffti.-e cordi.

10. If the It.ndard length cordi Oil lamp •• heaten and other portable appliancel .r. not ]onll' enough. do not clutlor up you. rooma with estenlion COrdi. If they are ].Id under rLigl tbey lOOn caUIM! "'orn . lreakl to Ippelr In Ihe nap thLiI quickly ruining the rull". ' ''ylng them out where they can be leen il lafer but troublelomo. What you need II more wall or bnll!!bollrd outletl.

TIlI' ht Skl MI C hanged SI)I ... In Street Can

~:Iectrle Itreet CI,. of yean '1'0, with theIr hlll'h Itepl. were ao built to provld. the nee .... ry de.nnn (or the moto .... located under Ihe tloon, to Ivoid Itreet obltructlon •.

In 1012 In laitation waa .t.rted I .. alnlt the heilCht of .Iectric lireet ur , Iepl. the real caule beina th~ vogue or tigbt akl r ta worn by tho women o( thlt time. Th~ de­mand ruulted in the development of a motor oc('upyinlr Illuch leu ve rt icular h~lght which enablfd Ihe Itreet car bui]den to dlmlnilh Ihe li"e of car wheel l And to mlto rll!!y luwer the height o r th e pillt. form Ibove the " reet. Since that time the trend hal been to lower I nd low~r bodie. needing only one Or two low Itepi for lece ...

R('eent deva]opm~nu In truck dell,n h.ve enabled Il,rut ear build"'l 10 It III funher reduce the height of car bodies.

418 TJu Journal of Electrical Workers a.nd Operators

II CONSTRUCTIVE

Th. following general rulu will ~ found pneti~.I:

Narrow belU o".r Im.n pul1e)"l 15 feet between pulley centeno tbe loose side of lbe "-It havine a lag of 1 ''2 to 2 inehu.

Medium with halU on lafger pulleys, 20 to 25 rut belween pulley centen, with • lag of 21i ineh •• to 4 inches.

M.in heltl on larger pulleys 25 to 30 feet belween centers, with. sag of 4 to Ii Inches.

It the di.tance I, too long the belt will nap unatudHy, .nulling in unneeeuary wear of the belt and lhe heMing'; if too lIhn.t, the .ever. len,ion required to pre­vent .Iipplng will c.u" rapid weUT of bear­inp and may cauae them to overhent.

The forcco;"&, dlll.neu represent good safe practice for long life of belt and bear­ingl. Shorter di.taneu are frequently used bllt necenitate tlrhter belt., or the use of wider pulleys .nd belt., or larg:er puJleY!l and higber belt speeds. Very short belt. un be made to work .. tisfaetorily by the aid of Idle r pulley. whicb inuII.ue the arc of <:(Int'd.

It is not duirable th.t the slope of the belt direction be o ... er "5 defTllu from hori· sontal; the belt Ihould never run "'ertic.I, if pOllible to avoid it, since the advantage of sa/r to incn!'H the .rc of cont.ct is 101t.

Belts . hould be run with the le •• t ten­s ion required to prevent .Iipping or fl.p­ping. The II.ck lide of the belt should hIVe I rentle ..... velike motion. A aide mo .. ement of the belt on the pulley indio utel poor pulley .Ii/rnment o r unequal IIrt!tching of the edgu of the belt. Belt joint. should be al smooth .. ponible and • lapped joint should .lw9y. tr.iI, never leld over the pull ey. Bela should be kept de.n .nd dry; if any belt dreuing is ap· plied let it be very sparinltly.

Care of Commutator and 8rushea

C.rbon brusbes should be properly cared for. The chief conllderationl in earing for c. rbon brush mlchinCi il to kecp b ru shes and commutator dean, brushel properly adjusted, and the eontact su rfo('es of the brushes good. The last condition. once fuHIlled, will usu.lIy t.ke eare of itself Iln ti! tbe hrUlhei .re .... Orn out, provided the other eondition •• rt! <':omplied .... ith. At inter .... l. dependin,. upon the se n'lee and loc.tion, the eommut.tor contact surf.~e and lind .hould be thoroughly wiped with dun canv .. that b free from lint. A fe .... drops ' of 051 on the doth or • piece of paramne rubbed lightly .cross the eommu­tator will gi ... e the lubrle.tion necessary. Lubrie.nt should be uled nry Aparingl)· on a commutator, .nd no gre.se, oil, or dirt Ihould be .no .... ed to .ccumul.te on the commutator or brulhn.

The Ideal appearance of • eommutator i. polished d.rk brown or chocol.te color. Sueh • commut.tor neild, no IIttention other than cle.ning when necnsary. If the sur· face bu a ra .... copper color with gradual roughenillg it should be s moothed with IIndp.per, or, If very rough, wi th s piece of sandstone; emery doth or p.per should not be used lor this purpose. The sand· paper .bould be held against the commu_ tltor by me.ns of a block having the lime curv.ture II the commutator. The sand. stone likewise should be curved to fit the eommut.tOT. The brushn should be lifted

from the commut.tor .urface whcn uoinl( sandpapt'r Or stone .nd .hould not be placed in contact .gsin until the ('ommu· t.tor surfaee iJ thoroughly de.nt'd of .11 g-ritty particlu.

Sparklnl:'

If sparking does occu r it il probably eaused by some one o r more of the follow. ing conditions, the remedy in ... nch cue being obvious or suggested:

l. Ex<':e.sive overlofld. 2. Improper bru~h holder ndjus tment. 3. Poor brush contAtU.

(a) An n<':Cllmullltion of greue mny hold the brushes nWlly from the commutator.

(b) Brushu may need grounding to fit the commutlltor.

(c) Brushel mlly stick In the holder. (d) Increlled brush prusure ml)· be

needed. The mf'thod of .djust· mf'nt will be evident.

". Rough eommut.tor. 5. Poor connection between the brushe.

.nd the holden. Sf'e that both end. of the Ihunts .re securely flltf'ned in pl.u. Loole Ibunt •• re usuall,. indicatf'd by burned conneetions.

6. Loose conneetion of arm.ture le.d to commutator b.r, indic.ted by b1.ck. ening burning of thil and the .dja· unt ban. An Oplln circuit .ny .... here in the . rmature .... ill e.ule sparkinl:' that lellms to encirele the eommuta· tor .... hen running and th.t will burn the ban to whieb the open circuited coil is connected.

7. Short circuited armlituTe coil, Indleated hy heavy intermittent ' plITklng, burned commutator ban, .nd execs· $i\'e local hcnting .... hieh enn be read· ily found by stopping the I\rmature after runninl:' n short lime and feel· ing its surface.

S. Groundcd IITmature <':olh. 9. Loose cornmutntor bnr_indicated by 1\

slight jumpinl:' of the brushes .... ith intermittent sparking.

10. Unequal spaeing of the brushcs, not likely to O(CUr unle .. brulh.holde r. are dismantled .nd reanembled. The spaeing e.n be verified by counting the bars bet .... een eorrespondinjl: ed/tU of the br uhea Or by m.rking the di l_ taneu on • I trip of paper wr.pped closely .round the commutator undf'r the bruahu.

11. ;\lica IlIgmllnt. and eommutator b.rl may not wear evenly, th.t i., af'r­ments mlJ· b.ve become pitted below the commutator surfaee.

12. Flat spot, or a flat on the commutator; commutator out of true, c.used by rougb handling; a bad belt I plice: IIlShing o .... ing to • short circuit on the line. A "flat" or commut.tor out of true <:In be detected by • alight jumping of the brushn or uneven motion ot the commutlltor and brushes. These indication, mlly .110 point to a bent Ihaft.

13. Bent abaft: for indications relld num­ber 12. Tel t by holdini I pieee of chalk near the shaft III It rotatn in a lathe. Remove the bllnt .hatt from the IIrmature Ind Itr.lihten or re­pl'ce it by e ne .... one.

HINTS II

Electric R.nretl

Bdore touchinr the fU1lf'1 .lwIY$ open the main line I .... itch to the r.nge.

It any of the beating units should flil to oJ)@rate it may be due to poor contact of the attaehing plug or to a melted fuse. The at­tachlnl:' plugs should fiut be examined to in· lure that they sre firmly attached to the unit terminala.

The electric cutrent to each heating unit fint pRsau throulj!'h a fuse plug located in the sheet metal box on the side of the range. The cover of the sheet metal bOll: mlly be reo moved by springing the sides outward. These {use plugs contain a strip of sof t metlll which melts when nn ell:cenive amount of current flo"'1 and thus prevents the destructive eur_ rent lrom reaching the heating unit. When this occurs the damaged plug mlllt be un­ICrewed from the porcelain block in the con­nection box and be replaced by a good tUM plug 110 that tbe heating unit will .g.in be oper.th·e.

Hints and suggestions: Before ulinl' the ... nge turn the switches to low for. few houn to .Uo .... the fini!lh to hurn oft'. Then ....ipe .... ith .n oiled cloth .nd wipe cle.n with • dry doth. Do not use sand-stone o r other abr .. ;'·e upon the oDt.!lide of tbe range. Top of the Ito..-e m.y be cleaned with tjuue paper .rtf'r the cooking il done.

The oven shelf should be pllced on the ,i,th IUpport from the bottom for ordinlry bakini· .

Quicker reS'lllts are obtained if fI.t·bot­tomed vusell are used.

Don't place food On different oven shelvn, if pOatlible to lUe but one.

Occillionill wiping of range with vegetable oil wlll prevent rusting .

To obtain low operating COlt: Watch the switches to obtllin low operatin~ CO!it. When not uBing II device, turn ih awitch to the "off" position. Use the "mcd" and "10 .... " heata ns mueh as pOssible.

Try to do each eooking operation with at little electricity 01 poss ible. It is very eOlJ' to turn the Bwitch to "off" every time that It is not in use. A little IIttention given to thi, will re~ult in a larg! current Illving.

Pilin your ~ooking lind baking operationl S(> as to use as mu<':h as possible of the s tored heat remaining in tbe hot plata and o\·en from the pN!viou8 operation.

Never keep oven door open a moment longer than b neeesaaTJ'.

Motors .nd Gf'neralors Keep the motor or gener.tor desn. The

finest m.ehineJ Ind the most expenli .. e plant m.y be shut down by accident if they do not h.ve protection .nd care. Tbe insu_ lation must be kept clean .nd dry. Oil .nd dirt in the insulation .re •• mueh out of place as grit or lAnd in a cylinder o r be.r­ing. Tn a direct connlleted unit oil may splasb from the driving m.chine or work .Iong the s haft to the insulation .nd nu.e a burn·out unless the attend.nt provide. the neeesa.ry protection.

ORCANIZED SAFETY WORK PAYS

The National Safety Council says that in the last fifteen years the livu of 135,000 men, women and child ren in the United Ststu alone, .... 11.0 would h,ve met death in aeddenb if the forme r rate had continued unabnted, have been Mved, through organi'led accident prevention activitiel.

The Journal 01 ElectricaL Workers and Operators 419

Fairweather Soldiers Not Needed m Labor Movement By ARTHUR S CI-lADING. Business Representatille. SI. Louis

W~;LI.INGTON wrote to hi, brother: "Some effon should be made im­mediately to dothe the SpaniBh

troop, in a national uniform. Thi. would put a <top to their throw,"&, down their arm. and taking flight on the pretence of their not being soldiers but "mply VCauntl."

Yes and how many of the dear Brothers today in the labor mo,'ement a. nrd men enjo}ing w"gn and conditions. the but '" their 10Cillity, because of member,;hip. will throw down their arms at the flnt s hot of trouble fired-believing they. too, nre now pelUant'.

How man~' of t h is trpe of man i~ kept hom" because of some jealoul Or .u.pi~ioul wi fe- or-she refusu to umlerllund- or perhaps the wife just wanta him home be­cauae • ./ie i. lea red. or !he refulel to give the man an opportunity to au;.t the other "'orkers in accomplishing an object with the undentanding that better working eondi_ tion. make better e1)nditions for her-that it pre~etves her husband 'l health and that he il her provider and the more he makes .nd the longer he li"es Ihe more I he enlo)·. and the longer she will enjoy it.

Then again J ohn b ao hOl t"mllefed he might get in a fight and hurl lome one­bul- rl'ally she is afraid 80me one mhi:-ht hit John On the nose. Don't worry obout that, let John get hit on the noae a ~ouple of times and he will love hiB wife twice .. mueh bec:auK a real mlllt /O"llel and a CCl1C/lnl !totu.

Make him attend the meeting. and take eue of hi. stoek in trade. Hi, interest in the union ia equal to Ihat of .ny olher member in the local and if he doe. not ptO_ teet it hI' and his family are losing what aome ont' elae is getting.

Stay at home on meeting nighu if you will and gi"e no assistanee but don't 1:"0 to another city because ih conditions appear better-Btay in your own eity lind build youn better. Now that t have had my ,"y, [ r/.'turn again to one of our interest­ing ag-reemenh we have with the organ I'omllaniea. To seeu re thil compaet meant a lengthy bllttle and a hard drawn nffair III the organ people proper are known to us a. a ,hop class of worken. Then'fore it i. hard for them to understand our manner of working in the eonslrul'tion field. and the difficulties were out of the general rou_ line but we acted tirmly-even aternly-and .... 1' lucceeded.

• \ o: r .... m ..... _ Ru.' .. l l>h " ·"rll l ... r C .. n" " , ny an,1 ~;I""lr lo:"l Workers I ..... ~.' ;0..,. 1. t . n . t;. W .

Till, mUlunl a~I'«''''~nl. or " ·.lItt·n un.II"· ~1.",lInlL". hel .... een Ihe Ilu. lotph Wu.llIs~ , ('oOl I,any. ot :O:~w Yo.k. ~Iall' ot Se .. · ~·oTk. a",1 11, .. Inl .. rnallonal BrOlbHhood ot EI~. 1.lcal WClrke ... LO'-'a l linlon ~o. 1. SI. 1.01.11 •• hHeh,. .11' ...... to follow,

I. Tha! 0 11 o.)!""n~ ot Ihe ~Iatlon JOIOX 1)·pl'. Ihr IIndolt'h W"rlllz"r COlll,,'"),. will n il(' onto 'o~"'he. ()f 1001'111 Lnlon :0:0. 1 10 h~ll) mo'·r In . 11 el!'eltleR I e!lulplll~ .. t ",)01 help ,,, {'(",n!'e! ~"m~. un.l e r ,h .. ",prrYI~lon ot wll"'''.'' .... l'r the ltudolllll Wurlll&er COIIII'an,­mll,,111 1'''"0~_

:! .... ll o'l<ana of IIII' Shrlner~' T~", ,'le type Ilu·.e will hI' IWIl nlelrlbl' ra ot 1.000a l " nlon :->0. I 10 " .. II' "'0'·" la .ll I'I('('I.I('NI elllll,,,nent and 11('11' 1.-. ronn""t ume nnder Ihe .u l",r_ ,'1&1.-." of ... hOmBO(>ye . ,he W"rlll""r locople mll<l1l ehooM('

!I .... ny ~1('('1 .ll""1ana other Ihlln th~ ."I""r~lao. ... 111 10 .. 111..,,,10('", of 1_01 "nlon So. 1.

~. Tb~ l'OWr. ~nd lI):"htlal< "·o.k. It handl .. d hy Ihl' Wurllt"". , ..... ple. will be PUI In b,. u"'n,hen< or (.0'-'&1 t;nlon :->0. 1

~. In the e .. ent tht' Iludolph Wn.lllz .. r rom­ran.~ hu not J!"Ol Ihe po .. ·~ •• nd IIl!hl ,,·o.k I" Ihel. "llntra"l. Ih"y wm at I<'UI Intorm

H,c pllrc l",scr Ihftt It w,,"ld he ".h·l~a"le 10 .,~ ,hul IIoIB ..-I)rk will he ,hme hy a uulon ,·It"'trl~al ~"nl.urIO'.

6. The hourN Rn,1 .onolltlnnl a"al1 I~ N~· rnr.II"1: 10 tbe rC/I"Ular alined l'Unl.act","· ~""""lDeat.

; . In r"n~ld"tallon for Ihl' a'.o'<e. LorNI !"nl"n ~o. I. , 11_ K W ..... m furnbh mea 10 tit .. Wu.III ... ·• ('umpaa,. at a reDOnallle "ml' .tU·' 1I0111ll'<1_

S. Tbl. _ireement UI'I .... on \I • ...,h :!. lllZi. J_ II. :loIORA~.

1: ",loll,b Wu.lttur CUlDpany. <\. ~("II"'\lI"(;.

I ll. K W.

Another agreement il the one we ha"e with the etore tixture lind ahow ease com· pan iI's which question invol"es refledors and similar lighting effedl in display cases and one reada us followa:

'\ l:"r .... m~nl_Wn.hl .. " I"n ~''' Iur .. ('"mpany a a.1 ~:I""I."'''I W n rkn_. 1 ........ 1 C_I< ... ~Il. 1.

1. II. t-:.. w. "-e. Ihe unol .. uh:a('d. a",."", tblt an el~lrI -

ell ... ork on .11 our alo re ''':tun'S m'"Dfae-IU ..... ' Ily Ihe W ... hlnI:IO" PIXlure ('ompany. ~hRI1 I,*, done by memhe" ot Ihe EIl"(""lrlcal W".kel"$ I"nlon_ 1.<>('.' "0. I. 1_ fl. K W.

"-II .. n thl' ..... ~tore nXlure. I .. a .. e the fadory ORIII'nlhled ..... Inod aud la po,IUon. or Whfa Ih .. y Ie.,·t' Ille r.tto.y a8IO('n,',I"d .nd ,,'1.(>,1, In e!th~. to ..... Ihpv .hall he wl'fd hy m\'m_ hl'u ot ~:It'eUI"nl \\·O.k\·'N. I.O'-'a l Union So. T. and bt'a. Isl.oel ot the ~:Iett.lcat Worke.a O'..:a",""llon.

I" eo"~"I(>.ftl!on of Ih(' .lo:nlnJl" ot Ihla RO:'ef" menl. EI"l'uk,,1 \\'o.k<'r~. t.nt'nl l 'nlon So. I . I B. ~:. W .• will f","lsh .. 1 ..... lr(.,"1 ... orkerB tor Ihls c ls "~ (\f ... ork 1111 ,1 wilL 1.la('@ on nil fl.t· "'tell ~o a""~mhl(>d pn,l ... I ... d. Ihe rl'Co!;nbe,1 EI .... lrkal W".k pl"$· 11nloll Latol'!. Tbls 'ul> .. ' will he fnrnl.hNI rrf'(> ot .ny COilt 10 the Wa.hlno:lon nxture ('ompa .. ,..

I F.I"'t:SSTEIl'>. WNRhlnglon ~'Ixlnre Company.

..1 ~rlT.\[)ISn. ~:I""lrlo·.' \\·or~t ... , I_AI , 'nlon ~o. 1.

I.flE. W

Thia Blore fixture and ~how"'K agree_ ment ia a bailie of several year. and too lengthy to go into detail but we ,ubmil one simila r with a nlltiooal concern thnt may be mOre helpful in you. immediate lo~alily.

.\ ,..-r .. en'." I_ ( .... n.J Knl,I.I. "h",,-........ (' ... ,,_ I"IOY .. n d t:I ... ·l rI ... 1 Work" ... 1 . .. ",,1 ('D lon

~o. I , I . D. y~ W.

We. Ihe und~"h:nNI . all"tee Ihal All Ih .. .. I(~trl .. at .... ".k on IIflr!' fl~I""". mnnut~ct"r!'" h,. th r Grllnd lInplda ~"o ... ("all\(' ('omrmn" an,1 In~lanrd '1\' Ihal compan,. In the etty or "I. l ... u10 MhAII hI' don~ "l' ... ork ... " of Ihl' f:I !'f""lrkl l Wo.kera· 1·"lou. Local ~o. I. I. II. K \\".

.-'11,. ,,10'('1.1ral ft:rt" ...... tu.nl~h~t1 to. tilt' ah',..e flxlUI'!"l of Ih l' Grand Il~phb ~h"w ('''~ ('on'I'all)· ... ·hl .. " a r~ 10 he Inslllled loy Ihem nnd ,,·lIkh ~1f'('1"'ea l flXlllt1"fl ,10 nOI hpar the IInloll Iftllf' t. Ul~ f:'all't Itll,j.ls ~"" .... ('nBe ("'oll'I'''"Y aJ:''''·~ In han' m"mh~r. ot the ~:l('("tlcal \\'''rk~r"' I·nlf)n. I.O'-'n l So. 1. I. " Eo w .. '1I",,,",-'n,lIl .. Ilu''''' flXI" rl'll ."d Inuoll 1" .. 11, 'C<'Qrtlln", to tbelr l'I'j(u latlon&.

W It r.A~F.. (;rand I:al''''' Show Calle CO)lUp~n)'.

,\ ~C'T1 \))1 sn. EI,'(""trl .. ,,1 Worke ... 1.Q('al , '"Ion :->0. 1.

I II t: W

Afte r con1idcrnble argument we finally .. onn .. cled with and liIOned up one show eau company after anothe r and we want to call your nltention to what we believe to be the only company aigned up with any I. B. E. W. Local making reOettor ... nd that ia the Day_Brite Reflector Co .. of St. Louis, Mo.

What w" belie .. e to be anothe r interesting agf"ement il known to us as the Hea"y Hauletl Agre .. ment and Introduce one agreement which eo" ..... many hea"y haul­ing firm. and in tact 100 per eent aigned up and no fooli.hneu la entertained by Lotal So. I on "iolations.

""r .. ~".N1\_t-:I ~~t .h·" t W"r"~ ... 1 ....... 1 U .. l .. o ;0. ... I . I . II. 1-:' \' ..• Hn,' W .. I>e r Unoy"o:e

\I .. rcl .... u ... Cun\1.auy. :il. LoaE.. ll ....

II IN Il.· .. ·by ' I:reed Ihal on Ihe n.orlnl(" anll ~'·III"1< ut t·omlllnatloD eu)!"lne .ud mOIO' jl"~U­.... lln;.:o IInll. trom bulllllu..-: lIae to Il(:f",.arnt ""I', Wet..-r " .. )·ajl"e l all W"'l!boulIf: C.",,­,IBa7. Iorn-ln,tl"r '">In,-,,-, Ihe eml"oy .... 11,17 .,I<'('t 10 u •• , dthe. of [he follo"'!a" method,:

1. II I' IIUI)' (-""plo)' :.0 J>t:. cent e',..-t.idan. aall :;0 lit'. ",·at '!J!"ll""-", to. Ihe worlul: ,,,d "'HIIII< or ","Ire f"</uil'll,ent. a.

:!. 11(' ".ay "II<' rlJ!"J!"('''' esdustnly 10 lake III "".1 ,.IMC", on founolallOll the (ulio..-IIII: ("lul l'OlINII :

1·:II~t"e I"'~~. en~I"e fUllle all,1 cylinder. lower Ilalf ot t1ywhcd III pit. 1)I·,lestol. lall ro.1 IIUllr,l. JlJ~'(J" on ~kld8. "ytllldcr .UI'purt. IIuult'. "II 1101<:. lI nd <"Tnte~ of cIIl:llle I,,\rl. "lid ,""1 1,1,U'e 'he up"" r half of Ihe lIywhf~1 :01""11 _Ille ,,( lite engine or lo"·u half or Ihe 11,-,,·11"':'1: III whiCh e3~e be .... II! IIII'll 1.1"" 100 lll"r ('{'III \·I",·t.I~,,1 ,,·..,kl'''' to brlnl: In .IHI ~..t Ihl' Jh~rt. ar,,,.IOrl! or rotor anll all elee-1.lral f"<lul,,,u .. nt.

It I. UboJeuloed and 'jl"rI'l'tl thaI an Ibe alOyh'l: ,,·hhl .. bulldlal( aud Relll,,!: ot 1l"1"I!17 \·!f'(""lrlC'11 .... \ull'lII.·at Lbat tlcctrleal wo.ke .. onl,- ... 111 be IItled.

,\11 .. ·ltla]:" ""eblner)" ,,'111 bt' done unde r the 1"' ...... I.lon of Ihe e...,.,Un!; en.lneer . I II ea •• ', "hne ('.!'Ctlng cn",lnee. 010(>1 nOt e.rry till' union l'a.d In a local ot one of the ersf" IIM""<I. hI' wilt II(: ~onsldered a .""". inle .. dent ~lId • fo ... ",." wtll W a llpollll .... 1 fro,", among tloc c l!'Ct .lclaD~ olr rll:l:e •• ~ml>loye,1.

G~:o lt (a; MU .:NCII: W .. b .. r D.s)·aI<C Dud Wa.ehouse Co.

... . S('U .... llI:>i(;. .:k~lri\"llt WO).k\,u. Loc,,1 J:lllull No. 1.

Want 10 thank our I. P., James P. Noonan, fo r hll nuistance in formulating thl, agreement.

Afte r the above agreement went into ef­fect tbe ri,ren Or iron worken a. they are known In St. Lou;s. did not ,top at this but tried to do mote cheat,ng aa they con_ trolled the rirginr bossea who controlled the puaphernaJia to do the rigging with.

The el~trica l worker eontrolled the n'eehanie who finally had to do Ihe r ..... 1 work or .. Iectrica! connections so we battled on until finally we .. arne to the conelu,lon that the be.t way to do it was as followl'

When bid, w~nt In on tonnage basea (and molt bids go in in this manner) to indude in the specification! 01.1. el~trica l worken' agreement with the different engino e1) m­pnniea; thil ... ould secure the engine com­"any of their work going in .... ithout inler ­ruption from the riggers so thi. agreement wu injected in the contraet .... ith the ri&"­gen ... hen they figured their work whl<:h ",w .. d up the whole iS$ue.

(To Be Continued)

ESPERA NTO L A NGUAGE RECOMMENDED

E1peranto .. an international lan&"uage has been reeommended by Gen. J am" C. Har­vord. pru;dent of the Radio ('o rpora t ion of Ame.ica. Dr. Allred N. Goldamith. ehid broadcasting engineer of thia corporation . Bnd al.o by John J. Carty, vice pre.ident of the American Telephone and Telegraph Com­Ilany. Such a language, they clain, ...... ould reduce the hesitancy with which many face Ihe att"mpt to send or receive _ meuare ftom " "",.on speaking a foreign tongue."

NEW VOTERS

I t is estimated by the National Civie Fed­eration that RVen million ynung men and women will cut their first YOtea at tba ~ovembl't elec:tlon this year.

420

A Review of

"THERE is a tide in the affairs of mlln which. taken at the flood, leads to fortune; omitted, all the voyages

of their lives are bound in shallows and in miseries. On ~uch • full tide we are now nflO!lt and must take the current where it s~rve8 or lose our venture." So said Shake­speare through the mouth of Cassius. Bru­tus and Cassius took the tide and wOn their venture momentarily hut Buch wu not the cue when the Seattle Teachers Union went into court. The tide must have turned just before they embarked.

Every now and then we rend in tll0 pap<)u where this or that employer hn!:! se(:ured an injunction enjoining his tlmploYe<l, {rom doing this or tll3t; from quitting their job!!; from telling the public thnt he is running a rnt business ; from asking other employee.. to join their union Or quit their jobs; and, in fnet, from doing most anything that their employcr doesn't want them to do. The Brotherhood has run up against the injunc­tion and felt it~ power. tn the past two decades prllctically every battle that h.bor ha. lost upon the industrial field has been loat due to the injunction and the courts.

Since thiB ia to be (I. ! tory of the injunc­tion, a ~hort history of this famous weapon may not be amino About the fiut history that we have on the injunction in labor dis­pute.!! occurr<ld in Englund in 1868. An in­junction wa~ iuued prohibitiog the distribu­tion of plac"rd~ during a boycott. Sille" American I(l.w i. takeo from English law, it naturally follo .... ed tbat our courts would $ciz<l upon this n<lW W<lapon. The first American injunction was i~8ued in Massa· chussetts in 188S-Sherry vs. Perkins. Be­tween 1888 (l.nd l!l!ll aeveral more Injunc_ tiona were issued upon various grounds. The {:"eneral re(l.son given b~' the couru for is· au ing the injunctions was that a conspirllcy existed. It was, therefore. necessnry (Of n court of equity to intervene to prevent ir · rep:lrablo d;,mage to property. A legnl "'riter in the report of the American Bar Association review. the history of injune­tions up to 1894 lhlUly,

Enforces I'olitical Po"'.-rs

"The Attorney General or tho United States, acting for the United State3, in the uercise of its sovereignty a$ a nation. hall. sued out injunctions in nearly e,'ery lar!:c city we..t of the Allegbeny Mountains. In· junction writs have covered the sides of cars; deputy marshal8 and federal soldiers have patrolled the yards of railway ter ­mini; and chancery proeelllles haTe been exe· cuted by bullet. and bayonet.. Equity juris· diction hu pa$~ed from the theor~' of Jlublic right to the domain of political prerogative. In 1888 the ba.is of jurisdiction wu the protection of the private right o( eivil prop· erty; in 1893, it wa~ the preservation of public rights; in 1894. i~ has become the en· foreement of political powers."

Tho injunction was given a forward im· petus in 1893 by Bill Taft-yeh. he's the Bame one that Bits as the Ck;e! jU8tice of the U. S. Supreme Court today. lIis notorious decisions in labor disputCi! are well known. The '93 eaae was when Arthur, of the Broth­erhood of Locomotive Engineers, was pro' hibited from calling a strike and commanded to rescind an order whtch had already been promulgated ordering a boycott on a mil· road. Here again con.piracy was the basis for the writ. Other injunctions beglln to follow, all bued e~sentially upon the ground~ 0(. eonspiracy and the protcetion of public

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operato/'s

the Seattle Yellow Dog Case By R. E. SMOOT, Seattle

welfare and right~. The injunction law was fully placed upon its feet in 1895 by the U. S. Supreme Court in the Debs case and hll3 been toddling ~teadily fOlrward up to the pres(mt date whe ll it has acquired such a stride that, unless it is hobbled, none can readily perceive to what lengths it may not ijtep.

Unlonlats Seek Injunction

With the host of injunctions before it and considering the fact that it is suppOlsed to be a basic prineiple of our country that all men lire eqUAl before the law. one should not ~mile at the !act that labor-through the medium of the Seattle Teachers Union-went confidently into court to secure II.n injunction against the Seattle School Board. The IItory is given herewith. It carries a mcsssge fOlr aU thinking trades onionists.

The high school teachers of this fair city were diuatisfied with certain eonditions that exiBled in their emplOlyment and also with the salaries which they were receiving. Since it ,eemed impouible to get favorable action (l.S individuals. they pursued the course which labor has ulways punued when it wanted results; they organized. Somc 250 of them applied (or snd received II charter from the Teachers Federation. They went quietly along perfecting their organi~ation. They made no radical demand~, no grandstand plays; did nO bullyhoolng; and. in hct, con· ducted themselves us self-respecting men and women and condueted the affairs of their local in the same manner. A Iitllo over 50 per eent of the teachers employed in the hieh schools here were members of the union.

There I!pparently WaR no dissension be­twecn the school bOllrd and the teachers over the union question until just n few weeh before ~he time when the teacher.! were to aign their contracts for nex~ ye:lr'~

employment. Then, out of n "Ienr sky enme the announcement from the board thnt it had met in se~ret session and decided that no member of the tea~hers ' union would be em­ployed in the Seattle high schools the en· luing yenr. Auy teaeher desiring employ· meot mu~t agree not to become a m~mb~r of the teachers' union or, if a member, mu~t dia· continue such membership during the time of emplo~·ment. Thi, "yaller IIUP" clau~e was made part o f the con tract of employment be_ tween the school board and the teacher.

Teacher. Resist Ty rsnny

Rightly believing thllt Buch an action on the pllrt of the board was a gross infraction of their civil Iibertie!, the tcnchers' union went to bat by going to court. It retained the most able and squarest lawyer west of the MiHi98ippi when InhOlr nnd its rightl! Are involved. I refer to George Vundcveer of Seattle. Vandeveer needs no introduction to labor as his fecord ahows clean n! n labor Inwyer. Vandeveer secured a temporary in· junction against the board In the superior court of King County. til. due courae the cllse was put on trial on ita merils to deter· mine whe~her the injunction should be made pcrmanent or diuolved. After the ceremony of listening to the arguments of each side, Judge ~'ind!ey dilllolved the injunction. In his opinion and order diuolving the injunc' tion. Findley stated tbllt the board was with. iu its legal righu in denying employment to memhers of the teachers' union; th(l.t the bonrd was wholly within its rights in specify­ing the qualifications of those who might seek employment as teachen in the high school! and that the court had neither jurisdiction

nOlr authority to intervene. These, of courae. are not the exact words of the court but give the gist of the remarks.

Taking the decision as it stands, the Sl,!hool board can make it a condition of employment that 1\ teaehcr be a certain height and weight and complexion, or a member of s certain fraternal order or church. In brief, the board is omnipotent in the matter. One can­not hell' but wOlnder, however, what the de­cis ion of this learned jurist would have been had the question involved been membenhip in the Muona, or Elk$, or Knights of Col. umbus, or the Methodish, Baptists, Cntholics, or Episcopalians instead of membership in a labor union. There is no doubt in the mind of the writer hut what in such a case there would have been found either in the con­stitution or ~t.ltutes something that would have operated to prevent the bOard from the currying out of the discriminatory clnu8P. The court held further that to intervene would be to interfere with the freedom of eontraet. The lstter is nmusing when onc considers the injunctions t.hnt have been i8' sued out of our court. compelling men to conti nue in the employ of their employers and carry out the various duties or their en,' ployment under pain of judicial punishment for failure to do so. You know to diBOb~y the court constitutes eontcmpL thereof and. dC$pite the fact 01 constitutional provi5ions, the judge of whatever court you have been in contempt of proeeeds to be your judge and jury, l,r08ccuting attorney, and the whole show. The deeision also established the legality or the "yellow dog" contract in this statl) .

"Yellow Pup" Lcgall ted

The tl)3chers canied the case to the slate supreme court, esking for a writ of auper· sedea~. lI"d the writ heen issued, it would have opernted to hold the matter in abeyance until the injunction case could have been tried in the supren,e court. This would have kept t he discriminatory clause out of the teachers' contracts for another year; such was not to be. The supreme court refused tbe writ and today those teachers who appear in the class rooms of Seattle's high schools at the oponing of school have signed the mongrel contract with the school board.

I believe the C!lse is st ill in the supreme court but am very pessimi~tic as to its ever lI'inning. The teacheu are on the wrong side of the fence. In this day ot our political hi~tory, whcn the reins of government have been taken over by the courts, One can ex_ /lect nlnlOst anything in the line of action if it operates against labor. A very learned and prominent jurist of today in addressing the law student s of one of our large col­leges some yeaU ago !lated that, while it wn~ " very snd fnct, the law. of our count.ry Were mAde for the bcnefit of the rich and the detriment of the pOOt. He said that this al­ways had and always would be true. His re_ marks were true of the. past and will eOIl­tinue true of the future 118 long 1I~ we are willing that such a state of affairs should continue.

I have given a few years' study and thought to the attitude of the labor move­ment towards the political side of tbe ques­tion. The results to date are that I sm .till as ignorl'"t as ever as to why labor will still insist on electing to public office, especi:1lly to legislative and judici(l.l positions, men who are antagonistie to the very prineiples upon which labor bases Its right to exist. Men will organize indu8trial1y to compel their em·

(Cont;""e,1 on Il~)l"e ~~6)

The Journal 0/ Electrical IVMkers and Operators 42t

CORRESPONDENCE SYSTEM COUNCIL NO.7

.~ditor:

I ha¥1! watched the WOR.U:lI for ItOme time for leuers hom railroad electrical worken and h.,'e fniled to notice any. If you will let thia one min the ever vora~iou. w .. tl.' ba,_ lid. I will try to tell the railroad ele."trical

J. J. )IcCULLOOGli G"""ral t'lIalrwan. i<y"leu\ Council No.1

worke.a aoout the Il.'venth ~onvl.'ntion of 5ya. U!m Council No.1. which wal hl.'ld nl .:Ik· hart. Ind., Mly 14 and Hi.

The executive boa rd arrived in the con velltion ~ity on SUl'ulny, Mlly 13. nnd nfter the members nttend~d chureh they I:(lt to· gether for a brier meeting, lifter whi~h Ihr "i~e general chairman. Brother Gllng!'., most ho!pitably took the ml.'mbl.'rt to hi. horne lor a fine ~h!ekl.'n dinnl.'r. Did the 00)" I.'nJoy it! Juat uk them. After din,,!'. Brothu Gang., further provl.'d him~elr to be the perfect hOlit by atr.ngill!!: lin aUIO trl" thrOUllh northern Indian. and Michig.n.

The ~n ... ention opened on Monday with I I delegatn preMnt. four loe.I, not be­Ing rl.'prll'H'ntOO. The oflke ... mnde their re­poru, showing, to the gratification or both om«n and deleg.tl.", an iMreue of 100 per «lit in both memberahip .nd flnan~e. over the 1.'1 convention report.

I llternational Vice Pre.ident Evan, wu pre~nt on Tuc.rlny .nd gave the eonvention hla u!ual fllle talk, on various ,ubjects. 1I~ complimented the offi«ra on the fine re.::orrl of the put two ye.ra .nd boped that the in­coming ollice ... wvuld have •• Il'reat .u«ua In the t,,·o yea .. to cvme.

Ever)' ddeg.t.e pre"nt was .... lIed upon to m.ke a report on unditivns in hi, Il\<'al'l Ju r­iadictlon and the reportl wer. \'try en· nlurllginll'.

The bUlineq of the conVl.'ntlon tUrlling upon elfttion of olllce .... the PrQent inrum· bents were re·elected by accl.m.tion;

J. J. McCullough, of Loul No. 817. lIen­er.1 ch.irmln; C. l'rI. C.nger. of Local No.

978. vi", lIen" .. 1 chlirman; R I). Jonel. of Local No. 912, aecretlfy-t~aaurer; H. F. Strobel, of Local 1'0"0. IOa6. I!xecut1ve board member.

The cennal chairman Wal authorized to .ppoiot a board member for the Bo~ton and Albany and Uill' Four nai!rOlld •.

International Vice l' rl.'lident .:vnn. in­at.lIed the ofllceu lind the convel'ltiO)n ad­journed to meet in Wind,or, Ont.. 111 !\lilY , 1930. Aftnr adjournment, the delegltteB Illlrl villito ... were given a fish dinner by the Elkh.rt locii.

1I0v D. JoNt:!!, SecretaT)'-Trl:4Iurer.

----PENNSYLVANIA STATE ELECTRIC­

AL WORKER S ASSOCIATION Editor:

I h • .-e ~I\refully rud thl.' July WOftKER. and I Itllled in the June WOKkt:R that I would Ilk\! tu comment on .'on'e of the articlel contained io our monthly WOR"£K. If it meell with your a"pro.-.l, I will ~on· fine thl. Inter 10 lort of an un.lytical ~ompOlition of aubjeru pett.il'lil1K to work that stllte fl.UDtilltiDnl CI1l1 perfurm IhrDugh the 101'111 UniOnl udopting u Ilrogrn111 uf unity. bal .. d upon the IUlCgeltion. mnde by

\. " n.\ 'fIEI: G .... ,nn! Vir.· l'hMlr'''Q1l. )'.,.~" .• " \'"""..!I

:>On. l'

lhe preil Illcreta.;u' I.nters throughout "UT Brotherhood In tho July iuue, lind other Irtidu In the public prell .nd other publi~ationa.

New York State Auociation: On letter vf Loeal No. 62 of June you art.' eorre~t Ilrolher O'Connell; get them In; .hlllty lind quality wilt be alt that are necenar)·. And th.t ltate IIl't!.nH I ..... I u,ed loml.' of Ne ... Jet3l!y. IIhnot., lIa .. a~hu.etti Iken_e lawl, .nd from a re!e.r~h of .tate I.bor law", ~ompilerl the p~sent tl.'ntltive l'ennaylvllnia State Eleetricnl License Lnw. I10W in the h.nds of our e.:e~u tlve bOMd. I a.nt I ~opy

to Brother Down., n!'~ordlng ~retary or Lo~al No. 86, for )·ou laat Ipring. Hurine­nothing from Urother Down •• I believe you .e~ei .. ed it; if not. I have n copy for you. if you duire It.

Loul No. 78-A: Silte. Union Telephone Oper.tor. Don't ever think you Un write

too m.ny II'\teu to the WOHlo:1:K lor the h'lephonl.' t"lrla. "Why!" Juu imlgine my embatUllment, only one letter from I'enn. .yl"lnil in the July WOIIIC(II. and that W., OUI'1C. Now wouldn't that either CIlUlie Onll to fetl pulTed up II lillie (>r ve ry much cm­bar.alsed? Gel that letter In e .. ery mOlllh. and .how the men folka thl: ne~d of ,nore woma,,', InftuenC1! in their lucal union •• to form .:ll.'rtrlcal Workeu' Women Audl­larl .. , of th~ mOlhert, wlvlII and .iste .. of their membership, ulldl'r the banlle r of the \\'ol'lll.'n·. Tr.de Union l.eagul.'. Who can hl.'lp you better 10 ort"anise the tele­phone ,ndu.try! Congratul.tionl on )'our tl'nth .nn,veraary; mly your neu ten year. nlllan more to the aduncement of Ihe wel­furo of the telephone Dpe.atou than we at pre.ent run appreciate.

I.oenl No. 83: You have a wonderful Ilruvr""uive letter; there would be no Stand­ard 011 if their busine .. w .. run like lome Df OUt 101'111 unions; very true, no doubt It hus taken mllny years of iro rrow!u1 axpe._ Icnel.'l. pctlon,,1 and oth .. rwlae, before you were prep. red to record logi~ .u~h a. you ..ate in Ihl.' July WORADI. Ilrother I'"nn­ayl ... nlan. confine s.id logic into the work­ing policy of our Itate aI.o~illtlon, and the eontracIOn' u .. oeiation will lI'le that either their Bill 1;(17 amended to include tha Journ~ymen I.'lectri~;.n. to b. Il~en.ed; or they will co-operate in Ihe p ..... ge or the tentative act now in the h.nda of the Slate Elerlriral Worke .. ' executive oo.rd. to be leled upon at lhe t~rie convention In November.

422

l,oeil! No. 102: We wnnt to show our op­preciation to IJrother ~ Lewi s , B. A. ol No. (;75, Elizabeth, Rnd 11. J\. Schroe,ler, of Loenl No. 66, or Newark, Rnd to stnte thnt the convention ICllve II riling "ote ot thank, to the Brothers Rnd their local mcmbeuhips {or their r~prcaentntion at Qur Philndclphill convention ;\Jny 9, 10 lind 11, 1928. Alld hope that this is II BtnrtN tor closer rllln ­tionship between the New J~uey nnd Penn­~yl\"lIni" Stntc A~socintion8. I hl\d tho plea­sure of nttllnding the Now Jersey State Electricn] Workers' convention Ht the J~r_ ferson Hotel, ,HlllnUc Ci ty. Mny :.lO, 1028, nnd met some of the hest, carnest union ci(!ClricliI wQrkcrs for the IIdvnncemcnt of their statl' auociatlon I could wish to meet. I ,,]so ;;ttended the New Jersey State Uujld. inlt Trades COt.lneil eOlw<,ntiou al the same hot~l "lay !!1, 22 and 2a, 19:!8, and h",.c .() s .. e the dllY when the building trades l'f Ib" stn t .. of Pe nnsylvnnia will enjoy as prollre,· sive stute building trades council 118 ths 5\ a ' C ()f New Jersey now has. Four 10cIIIs of electrical wnrk<'ra are recorded as mem· be rs, wilh Borne 20 more bul1ding trllde, craftB. It wus B wouder!ul uX I'cricncc, !Iud Ihey hm·e u wonderful prog-reni ve orgllni~II' tion for the workef6 of the ~tntc of New Jersey. So Brother Sammy Moskowiu, got behind }'our union p()litlcinrHl lind pus h through ),our 1!ce"~e bill.

Local No. 231: We ~urely do like to relld such leHers 118 y()U lind Br()theu Gibb()nB Ilnd SI;Lt()n have pres<,nted for y()ur Il)cul, C(lmmending the work of ndvanrement fnr ynur loclI], to our I. O. Hepru(lntativ(l, Brother Iluj!h O'Neil, as we know what it i8 to b<: u ilieized instead of cOnlnlend<:d f<lr hard (aithful servieo, nnd to be mlsunder· stood. It wnrma the heart when we read such letters (If praise and co·operntion.

l.ocal No. 259: Your intcrllretut!on of an agreement is t imely nnd imporlont. in!truc­tively beneficial in needed policies thrl)ugh . ou t the building trlldes. I alBO believe your apprenticeship eommiui(ln plan is very con· structive, and every local admlni st rlltive body shnuld deeilly eonsider snid information.

I_ocal No. 292: Regarding the (lutside electrical worker, and public serviNl e()rp()f_ alions : As I nm a linemlln of tho old e(l.nol, and have Been the linemcn Bw"llowed ILP by the $aid eorpornti(lnB, and like the whale that swallowed Jonah, they hllve had the outside workers in their beJly fllr Borne years, but with the (lvolution of tim(>, it has been my beliet thnt .ueh method. 118 >"OU suggest mu s t be used. "!JILt"' how Clln the International Office do n"y effective work withollt s tllt e and local c(l·operation 1 There· fore, liS I stil ted in the July WOIIKF;11. our Internationnl is just as s t rong ns our wenkest tocal union ao affilinted with the in ternntional pclieies. With that thought In mind, isn't it rl!asonable to lIuunu, Ihllt nrcther Wnples, you follcw up ynur thnught$ on thi~ mathr, with ~ome con· structlve policic$! I believe that throug-h t he s late auocilltion~ we can help, from th(l angle of keepin&" everlutingly at it, to bring this important matter to where we clln con­trol our part of the electrical industry. And well you say, tnat the tnsk o! lining up theBe big eompanleB i~ R lIe rculean one today, nnd thllt every year they J[r(lW larJ{CT and more powerful .md the difficulty In· ('r(lases proporticnlltely. 80 that the ! ocner n darl Is mllde the better chnnce of aucceu. "So slIy we, all of U!," and onl)' through our slate auo<:illtionl are W(l able to render the International Office the co·operation and 8upport tbcy need to be able to make IIny effort along BIIld linel a IUCCllaa.

l,ocal No. 43&: Brother nob Keck, J ju.t want to lay you n rc right "' to ~}'mllllthetic strikes in the building indu~try, unlen they

The Journal 0/ Electrical lVo/'kers and Operators

are a s stro ngly orgllnilud a. the United Mine Workers ot Americn. in DIUrict No. 1. Wilku·lIarre ond vicinity, where f eom(l from, but not in the buildirlg tradCI. Your CO'limenta on ]lU/.l!lC aud I>rivau ownerahip arc irlter(lltlng nnd In,tructlve. Let'. have mcr(l on thllt subject III time gOI!8 on, and conditions rlevl!lop.

Local No. ,192: J3 rother Lcon J. Lannoy. I want to -,'y that ~'O\lr article ot the irl! Ur­anee mlllt('r Is "ery timel~', I belicve that on pag-os 340. 3·17 and 39:!, (It tho July WOI1" ';ll. will show thllt the J. 0, has . tnrted .o rnethlng succcnful, as the Philn_ delpllin Inquirer hns thl! 6nml! kind ot in­aur"UcQ a~ ~he Union Cooperative InBurnnce A~soclnt!on hIlS with the St. Loui! Times, St Lou;a, /110 .. lind when the membenhlp u.'deratnnda the princ!pICl, pollcies and h~,\j:flt~ of th la plaa. the membenhip of tho Ilrllth(lrho()d wl1l tuk(l IIdvan~llge of it for tham~clvel and pllU It alcng to tho~e not rnemb(lt9 of the (lrgnnizatlon.

Brother J. n, WeRtenhnvor, prru ~eere· lnry of L()clIl Union Nil. 141, Wheeling, W. Vn.: I want to lay that Y(lur IIrticle on "Wh~' I Join(',1 Thl! Unie ')" 1ft not only n frank stntement, but I beliove is Ilno of Ihe bO$t explanations Imd interprctntions on this ! ubjeet that I ever Baw In I,rint, and th~ frllnk tl!ltimonial ~houlr1 prove to any card I'''''' thnt It will pay him good dividends to plnet' all hi. union inveatmenb whcle·henrt. edly in his I()cal union, by attending overy me(ltinl1", ~cT\'inlC" on any committee where he cun be of Bervice, til Btudy nil the in'. and out'H at what ia wrong with hi. local union. and to Itudy through resenrch lind !nvutigRti(ln how the moro succeuful 10CRI unions IIro run. and get into the fn c· tion cf hia Io<:al tha t is mo.t intereeled in the advnncement of local condition. for him$(llf, through Ih (l medium of pre.tig(l thnt enn be rendered by an efficiently run locnl union. I would like to ICe you, Brather WeBtenhnvl!r, dwell upon thia eub_ ject until you hnve ()rg-nnllerl a .tat(l auo· dation In the .tate of Welt VIrginia.

I havc nru~h resellrch material on I tate Il!Roeiat!ons. elN'tricaJ lind of the buiJdinl( tturles, but 1 believe thnt I hllve place,1 hefore you encugh material, nnd if it will hl\\'o the effect thllt I hope It will, It will he one nlOro step towardl mnkin" ollr Inter. nlllionni ,ll!lmrtment Btr(lnR~r. It it helpi 10 s treng t hen the individual rnemhcre of the loeol unions to form n "gnng" au~h nl we ul e,1 to do when we were boys. to build "bunk houses" and everybody brln!:, a nuil or a bon rd. a shovel, etr. Cet the gang 81)irit of boyhood rlny _, lind build )'our Illcah, y(lUr ~tnlr· nUO~;lIlio'lI nnd th(> In­t(lrnational (lrgani7.lltion 10 strong )'on cun get whnl you want, when you go nfte r It ·'orgnnizc!l."

W. J.', BM!~':I1, Hono rary l'efretary. P. S. E. W. A.

L, U, NO, 1, ST. LOUIS, MO. Editor:

Thl. i. m}' Orlt I~tter lind I might ~II}' that I'll do Illy beal from n(lW on. AI you can readily ~ee from the election, every· thing Is harmonious and the el(lclion s heet s peaks f ()r itaclf. Practically al1 the offi· cers Wer(l returned to office, which showl the !ocol hn. fIIrth and conlldence in the hon(lr and Integrity of ill officers. The (ollowing ia the result of the election:

I'rclident. R. P. Underwood; vice pre81. ,IMt. Walter O'Shlln; flnunclnl aceretnry, 11. J. Morrhon: reeordlng secretary, J . II. ~odc: trCnBurer, J.1" RallP: pren aecretn ry, E. Ei s felder: bu~lnen mllnagor, A. Schad­ing: inapcctorll, Wm. Conlpton, Wm. Pall­mnnn: foremnn, Thoa. Wright: tru ~tcc, A. A. Selzer; Exccutive board, wiremen, Chu.

neuedict, Geo. Uasting-a, I"rll"k Knuffmnn, A. C. (CII.) Schmidt. Executive board. mllintennnce IIlen, E. J. Lnng, J. T. (narry) Osborn, Ceo. Sutte r. John Truhe, Exurnin­ing bonro, wiremon, A. I). Bodamer. Jllmea Matthew! , W. D. I~ ()yer. Exnnrining hoard, maintenance lI1(ln, II. J . Stoinbrll<'gge, C, 1". Winkler. Inveltignlinj! bourd. John BuchH, Chnl. Danz. Leo ~'Iotron. II. Gundell, Fr(ld Krieg. Publicity board. L. O. Arment, W, A. Knnney, II. O. Kern, Dllvid Mnrtin, Fred Wamhofl'. Uu ihling t u,de8 council, II. V. lIenze, AI. Kulbfleisch , A. F. l.oepkor. Cen. trnl trodo! and Inbor union, R. D. Cartmell. Ed. Henri, F. Pierec, C. F. Wenst.

Next month r will h"'"e something which think will he of interest to every member

o f the J. U. K W, and I will try to expillin It in a way thnt i8 undcnt'lndllbJe to all.

Until next mcnth, sc l(lng. Eo E!SFtLDEH.

L, U. NO. I, RADIO DIV IS ION, ST. LOUIS, MO.

Editcr:

Despite the hot wefl~hcr, which we have been hllving he re in 81. l.ollis fcr the past month, we have endeavored tc hold mC<lt. ings every two weeks flS usual. We hope the w(lnther will be scmewhllt cooler during t he cQ,llling month, and t hllt the attendance nt meetings will b(l increllBod ther eby.

Outside or meetinge, however, nctivity in different brnnches of radio broadclisting has been full of happenings. Telephoto trans­mission hal be~ome a regulnr daily feature from KMOX, the Voice of St. l,.ouls. Every morning fit W a .• n., a still picturo is trnns­mltted from the Itudio and picked up by a Bllecini!y built 1(nyfoto receiver. For adver. t.islng I'urposel the Bpeeiai receiver ia in. atnlled in different Piggly. Wiggly steres where It never t ails to drOlw a inrge crowd of interested s pectators waitIng to see whnt the ptctur(l is going to b(l on thllt par· ticular dRY, ae every morning a differen t picture h sent out over the air, The pic­ture 81gnals wh('n picked Ull by the ordinary recei\'e r nnd loud·~penker scund like a peeu­linr method of ~ending time slgnllls.

WI r., the Friendly Station. is I1()W further­Ing tho nd""ncc of IIviation by coll"'cti ng a fleet of ]llnll(l8 to be at their disposa l fcr IIdvcrti s ing. The nIL!;' ~hill of the fleet hilS already bel!n sl!en over the ci t y wi t h the call letters of the station pointed on its wings. A public Ilddreu system hna bl!en installed in tho plane and it ia the intention ot the management of WIL tc serenade the coun· tryside from the clouds. The entertainment being picked up (rom their trnnsmittl!r, 10-eRted on the roof of tho Minourl Hotel.

In connection with aviation. Stntion KMOX conducted IInother unusunl experi· ment Jllly 21. It was t he broadCn<lting of tb(l Mayor', 8pe(lch p receding tho laying of the fcrnerstone of the new building being ereet<ld hy the Roberhon Aircraft Corpcra· tion at Lambert Field. The Honornhle Victor J. Miller, m"yor of St. Louia. while flying over St. Louis County, gave his speech to listeners on the ground through a micro· phone of Il Bhort w~ve transmitter in­stnlled in the plane. At the cone!usion of hb address, by 89.ying the wcrd "drop" the n!Kyor nlltcmntically starhd the mao chlnery for lowering the cornerstone in pi9.ce. The Blgnnb from the pla ne which operated under a ~peeilll license nnd caU let· ten of 9XA~' cn n wave length of 49 mete rs, were picked up li t the ho'me of William H. Wut, ehi(lf enginel!r of KMOX . amplified nnd tWn t 10 the main trnnsmitter at Kirk· wood by direct wire where they were reo broudCfIBt on 1,000 kilocycles, the normal WnV(l length of KMOX. The opera tor in the ]lll1no waa none (lthor than Robert L. Coe,

The Journal of Electrical lVorkcJ's and Operators

who has been tnterellted in aviation fo~ Bome time and who hu made several flights. The proeeedings frem thQ plane wero rl"ceived at thQ flying ficld by l< broad~"st rccelver tuned to 1,000 kiloeycle8, the wln-e Icngth o f KMOX. and nt the conclusion of the mayor'. Ipeech a lIcnoitive relay wal swi tched into the plate circuit of the r('cc i\'cr an the word "drop" uttered by the mByor would stllr! the mll­chinery for lowering the co~ncrstone.

ThUll the boys of L. U. No. I hllvc Ilgain played an imporl.~nt I)arl in the progrellll of both a\'iation ami rndio.

[)E:UIAIt W. FOWLER.

L. U. NO. 12, PU EBLO. COLO. . Editor:

Another moon haa come lind It0ne lind Pueblo still has not been .. ble to work out s new wiring ordinance.

Our ordlnnnce committee, composcd of Walter Kelson, Ed. Cnrilon and ~'. C. Mc­Cartney. drew up a fine ordinance and tried to get the city commisaioners to put it into effect, but the electric light company and the contracton wanted to investigate our ordinance lind then they presented a similar document that BUited them much better than oun. and we will admit that aome points were quite inlereating once in par_ ticular WIIB thnt they wnnted to cut the contractor's license fee from $~O down to $25. and on the other hand th('y raiBed the journeyman'. fee from one dollar to five and ineluded a $500 bond, that would mean that we would Jlay the city five bucka cnch and s bonding company two and a half do llars more every year for the privi1e~ of working in Pueblo. But a s nothing in that line i5 settled all I can do ia to "report progre ... "

Work hllB not been very brisk th la )·ell.r and the non-union s hopa here are a . numer­ous lIB the fair shops.

Some large real estnte deal! have been made recently, ,lue no doubt to the flood prevention work done ~everal years a"o. Theae real es tate denl. will mean ume wo rk in the future, but we wHl all ha\'e over-developed appetites if We wait lor s joh on IIny of them.

Cottage work is very Quiet just now snd no large jobs under conatruction.

Our Colorado Slate Conf.-.rcnce board met the seventh and eighth of thll month here in Pueblo. D,,!egntes Noxon and Uevcll repretented Denver, and Colorado Springs was repre~ented by Brothers Burford, Glover and Skinner while our Loul Ko. 12 "'as represented by President 11"lI"gerty, Et!. Carhon, F. C. McCartney and f'rllnch. We get togetber in Jllnuary ami July n.ul to compare note l and view condition. and on the whole it ia a \'e ry profitable meeting for any state to ha.ve.

W. M. Flu::fCH. ----

L. U. NO. 45, BUFFALO, N. Y.

Editor: 1 am writing thi s letter in the hepe that

it will stnrt n discuulon that will prove interes ting to some of our old time mem­ben. Our 10c,,1 hud the plcn!ure at a recent meeting o f huving with U8 I\rother E. W. Bittner, wbo is 71 yenrs young, and cluimR to be the oldest lineman nctivcly engaged in the businen, ant! cha1!enge$ ony Brother to dispute hi s claim. So comf' on you old timers and let us heur from you. Ed atarted working in Ran .. va in HI77, nnd hns Been the electrieal industry grow from itll ... "d . dling dothes nRe up to its pre~ent !li>:e. lie like malt of the old timers. has trie d his hand at every branch at the trade, in every part of the tountry, nnd It is an education in itself to l is len to him spi n his tnlCI of

READ

Lin emen' . n oa t dom inatu indu._ tria l pagean t, by L. U. No. 7 23.

Need of vacation., by L . U. No. 1037.

California loolu toward November , by L. U. No. 418.

Ju .tice behind jurisdiction, by L. U. No. 63.

A H ar m ony fut ival, by L . U. No. 124.

Apprentice Iyltem in Toron to, by L. U. No. 353.

Lynn leake. luglletl ion., by L. U. No. 377 .

A court d eci.ion, by L. U. No. 21 1. Ma n witho ut a U n ion, b y L. U .

No. 259. Radio a dvance. in 5 1. Loui., by

L . U. No. I, Radio Divi.ion . Bittner', ,reat ca reer, by L. U.

No. 45. And many more elici t in , epilt lu

that will make you for,et the hot weather.

the ea r ly daYI, and the working conditions of thOle tim... llrothen, you ought t~ \lauee occuio"ally lInd give thanh to the pioneen who have made possible the work­ing conditions that you onjoy today. I am cnciosing a picture at Ed. which might be of Inlerut to lome of hi' friend. if you have Ipace 10 print It. In spile of the fact that he haa l uffered the uual broken bonn that most linemen ~t If they folio .. the bUllneu very long (one time having been gh'en up for dead) he i, .. s pry and active

U1IOTIIl::1t E. W. IJIT'l'!U:tt

ItS e two-year-old snd . till retaina hi. youthful outlook on life. In clo.ing, wll\ be glad to hear of any othor local disputing Loenl No. 45', dllim to having as ita mem_ ber the oldut lineman active!)' engaGed in the buslncu.

ROHI:IIT WAUGlt , Pre .. Secretary.

(Editor'. Note: More fact! about Bittner'. interutlng career will appelIT in a later number.)

L. U. NO 46, SEATTLE. WASH . Editor:

Boy! Oh, Boy! It', stew hot to write on a day like this; let'a Irrab the old .uit and 11"0 for 1I . wim; what sey1 Ohl Ohl Looklt the

423

l weI! job lha moth's pups didl Durn thing UstR be all wool and a yard wide and now it', all holce and back from a buggy ride. Anyway, It'll be a darned good ~uit when the wife getl through patching it.

Uy the way, have eny or you been both­ered with Eryth~ma Solll~e thi~ summer! Watch out, for it', going the round! and everybody i. getting it. It'a harder on blondes lind brunettes and nOOut the only wily to avoid thia terrible malady i, to ",lIik under the light of tbe moon.

In the July iuue the. work of the organiz:l­tion committee Will re ported on and as the work progru,u we ahall n'ake further re­ports. Suffice it to ftay that the committee hns nccompli8hed n great delll s ince the first ot the yea~. Thank~ to the aid of our Inter_ nntional UeprClcntlltivc. Brother Tom j,ee.

And right here let me I lop and ponder thusly: Why II it that every once in a while some denr Brother breaks 100H wilh a great line of anb I tuff relative to our International Ueprcsentati\"es, ending up by calling them "chllir warmers!" I want to lIBy right here and no.,. that ... e are more thsn utisfled with ou r International Representative's .... ork. Any time. Brother Lee is needed he is on the job. Uis decisions are al .... ays in the best interUh of the loenl and always to be re_ Ued upon. What more can one ask 1

A few weeks ago, Mr. nnd MI'II. Ueck lind the wife nnd r had the pleasure of a game of bridsre .. t Brother Corbett's home. They played bridll"e while we plllyed at it. The following week we npin played nt bridge at Brother Beck', home. We enjoyed the card! and eatl e·mensly at both homes. but listen , Jim, i. 330 your house number Or time, II. m., we lert for home! That wife at mine never hI! senle enough to go home.

Local No. 46 !lulfered the loss of Brother Carl Costner recently and at this time we wis h to ezpreu our regret! at his pfUsing and to utend ou ~ Iympathies to hia bHeaved relatives.

Pick-up! of the day: Don McQue$tion and hia new HUJlmobile; Gus Ilohmer out of Buckingham; Curley Ma BOn cilliming I high­hatted him; Bl11 Elbers discussing sh(>rl­bsnd; George Johnson making out dnes re­ceipts; Rani Schechert discussing fine points of Isw. Frank Corbett telling his wife how to plsy bridge; Jimmy Thomu asking lln. Olsen what time It il whcn 2G cats meow, and Lou Alellander luffering from Erythema Solare.

No eal_the cook went on strike. ,.-______ w~. C. LINDELL.

L. U. NO. 58, DETRO IT, M ICH . Editor:

A la'rl;e "umber ot the electrical worken who wue in Detroit Inftt year for the conven­tion \vtll be plc8led to know that they will lI('e " lot of the friend s, which they made here, at Miami in 1929.

At the. election on July 3. the following 0(­flcers were elected to carry out Local No. 1)8', pollcles for the next ~'ear: Pre$ident. II. E. Toll: \·;"'e president, Con S pain; recording lecretsry, F. K. Harris; financial secretary, F. K. Ih.rria ; treasurer. George Enengy, S r.; fo~eman, Leo Relld; flnt in! pector, Jnme. Brown; second inspector, H . B. Gil. more; nustee, William Gibson: bu~iness mnnager, L. J. Coou: executive board-Joe Doherty, Mnl Harris, Ed Aspinnll, Clyde niley. T. W. Stevens; pren secretary. Can Spain; delegates to the convention-F. K. lIarri. , H. E. Walllon, Mal Hsrris, Frank ('aecia, Tony Duewcke. Ed Aspinall, Clyde Riley, Joe Doherty, William Gib..,n, n . E. Toll, James 8arr~', T. W. Slevens, Newt Short, Robert Edwards, A. Appel; alter­nates to the convention-~Iike Patton, Wil­liam Anltine, WlUi"m Grams, Peter Boland, Fred Lonp·ear.

424

At pruent we Bre having one of the larg. est eonventionll we have e\'u had in Detroit -the Knighta Templar. All the eleelriea. work hal been bir and we weN! very pleased when one of the eommandriu of Ohio eame over and aerenaded u. al ou r h.11.

Work bas been very good here thl. IUmmer but ;1 rapIdly dosing up and we do not look for any too "tosy" II lim8 for next wintu.

A very intere~ting event happened to UI July 17 at Our hall wben narvey Wataon. who hIlS been our bUlI;neas rep refll.'ntativ8 for 14 yean lind who haa now tnken it easier ft8

one or the a~lIi.tllnh. Willi presented with. beautiful watch lind chain (or the splendid .etvicea he has rendenld Local No. 68 In the pllSt.

With best wl$hes to the locals in genetnl and hoping l or B wonderful convention In Miami in 1929, I temnin,

C. W . SI'AIS.

L. U. NO. 108, TAMPA, FLA . Edi to r:

I lI!waY4 enjoy rending tho JOURNAl .. Ev. cry Brother should read It from cover to cO'Oe r. Editorials, Everyday Science, Con_ ,lructh'l! lIinb, Correspondence, and Worn · an 's Work fo r the ladies, all turnish nmple food for thought.

Loo,a l Union No, lOS hili not had a letter In the JOUllNAL for many months. At our Illit meeting, July 5, the annual election and in· Itallation of officus took plact!. I Will elceted preM secretary and given inst ruction' to ha\'e a letter In the August JouaSAL..

Our meeting of July 6 was the beat we've had in a long time. Aller the installation of officera the mC(lting Will addreued by In­ternniona! Vice P~lIident A. M. Hull and A. H. Grout, editor of the ~'Iorida Labor Newl, ~'ine talka were delivered by both. Brother Hull told ul Ilbout the p rogreu made by our Brotherhood since 1919, He pointed out the Ilim of the Brotherhood to eliminllle . trike. and l!)Ckout4 between ouuelve' and employ­en by submitting trade ditrerencet to the a rbitration of the industrial board of the Brotherhood and that of the National "-10-ciation of Electragista.

Mr. Grout addressed the Brothon on the subject of selling the idell of the neceslity of organilation to the non-union workers of the trade. In other word~ to make salesmen of o urselves to get new melllberB into our local. We need expert 8olesm~11 here to co",'inc~ BOrne of them that they need the or· ganiration.

The following officers were installed; I'rc~ide nt, R. L. Meeks: vico president, L. L. LovelClla: recording secretary, R. R. Jack; financial aecretllry. C. E. Beck; trcD.fturer, T. A. Cower: fi rst inspector, R. J . Hamilton; u,,,ond inspectOr, T. Figenuer; fOremlln, C. IL Dcan; trD'tees, R. J . Hamilton, L. L. LO\'ele~s and T. Figentzer; executive board, L. T. Payne, D. E. Kilmer, R. L. Meeks, L. I •. Lo\'eleu and R. R. J ack; enmining board, L. T. Payne. T. A. Cower, and R. J. Hamilton.

Afte r the meeting II big blow-out WIIS en­joyed by the gang.

I believe BOrne of our Brothers dcse rve honorable mention, Brother L. L. Lovele .. has been a loyal member of 108 for 26 yea". Ho hili weathered till her Itorml ainee 1902. At that lime electridanl in Tampa were few . They- were working a nine hour day for the sum of $2.50.

Brother C_ E. Beck WRB elected busine .. agent about two yean ago, at which time ",e were ha"ing a li t tle War with the contractors. The war isn't over yet, but he did manage to si rrn a peace trellty with Bome of them. However, peace will never be declared until they lire 1111 signed up, Bnd when that will be i l hard to uy. Aboul the first of the year, Brother Beck turned politician lind landed an inspector's job. Not being able to replllce

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

him as buslnea. agent we hue mllnaged to keep him aa ou r financial tectetary.

But, III I started out to make honorable mention ol lome of the BrOlhefl, I find that they arc . 11 due honorable mention. I could wr,te Hverl l pages of how 10y.1 each and everyone h .. been and what they have gone through to keep L. U. No. 108 alive.

Brother Kilmer was Inju red by a lallln .. brick whlle It work on the new theater bui lding. But 1\e are glad to say that he it back on the Job again.

We with to extcnd our dcput Iympllthy to Brother P. W. I'relley in the 10111 of hi, beloved wife.

Working conditions here aro vcry poor and we Rfe only working part time, 10 lraveHng llrothera relld lind tllke hC{ld.

We are hopin\: 1111 of you wl!1 be well rep­resen ted in Lubor Ony parlldef.

U. J. H .U,IILTON.

l... U. NO. 124, KANS AS C ITY, MO. Edllor:

Our educationnl bonrd, reflli~lng the neceni ty of obtaining and retaining a friendly lind humanitarian IIpirit .mong the membership In order to IUCCll$.cully further their benefic,"1 work, WftS directly the eause of a motion put before the auemhly to holel our IIrst annual picnic; whi"h motion WII fnl'orably N!celved lind paued upon unlllli. mously, with th ll outcome, that the com­mittee upon picnic IIrrangements, 'IS lip. pointed by Pre.ident Smith , eonabted of the educational board, elleeutive board, trusteel and buslne .. reprelentatlvn. Thla committee .aw lit to elect Brother J . Carr .. their chairman.

It has been truly laid thlt one could not conceive 01 a more ablo and capable committee of arrangementl than the above and to Brother Carr goCi the appreciation o f the entire loea! for hil unliring etroru, hia economicil purchasing and hll luc~ell. ful mllnner of mAnngili1 the cate ring to the 760 people prelent ,.Ithout ",ule or undue elC~nse, liS will be seen Juter on . Although, lIS hili been exprened by Brother Cllrr, withuut the willing lIul11llnce of every member preRent the picnic ~ould not have been the lucee .. that It Will. And it Win a noticeable flct that every member and "11. IIren t lce so willingly offered or lI"w" hi l a~ . ,I,lllnce when rNluel ted no matter whether in the kit~hcn, waiting "pon the tllblu or IIUiBling In the (leld eventR. And thi. il the rc,uon thll t Icltera of ~ommendation hnvc been received from 10 many SOUffe. ex pren;ng Iheir thankl lind IIJ1precilition for huving been 10 "leali n!:ly entertninerl at the Ilicnic of Local Union No. 12·1.

Onl)' Inck of room prevents us from nllm­ing the vilhon, amoug whom were mllny o f our eontrllclotl and Jobbeu.

To the jobben and bUline~snlen in thl! electrical indu.try of the city who con­tributed so generously and willingly to. wardl the program we flntl it imponlblt' to expren our thanks in a manner that i. due them. The follow[nll prOll'ram WII ad­hercd to without chllnl;'C except in" the. volt­age tuter, which .11 awarded by a drawing by the memberl onl)' who attendcd the tol1owing rt lfulRr local meetlnlt'.

I'HOGII \,\1

Eh'<:trk~1 Work'·r~ Lt)('~l 1·111"11 x". 111. I II E . W " )'I('nll" 11,,1,1 lit ~'llrJla'hl I'ar); . Jun(' ~. 1lY.!8. ~;30 11. 1tI.

f"Ontl!lltl for th,. (oll" ... hu, 1"I.f·1I ~tftrt ., 3:.30 I', Ill.:

It(l)'l' tnol rftf'e. UII 10 12 ye8 r~ 1 ~N I~ tl'll I:IR'~'tI. don.tMI bJ' Mlltonrl CllIn. (:'oml,nny

110ys' foot rnN'. I:J year. ~1It1 o .. ~r~l kl eh,'" !Inlt. tI(on.lc,1 by 1I0nener Clt"<"trlc Cunl l',ny ; VI hI", ... .

1I0y.· br<ln,1 In'''I'' III ' t(o 12 y('arl1~1 kltch"11 IInl t. donnte,1 hy I oOlllener m f.'e lr1c COUlI'a,,},; vnluc. ' I.

110)," b,Oltl Jumll, 13 ye ... aud oO'er-1 klteben unit. dooated by n ot.ener Electric Compsu,.; nlue. ,""

Glrla' tOOL rlec, np to 12 yea~1 electriC curllnl: IrOD. dooated br . ",I1IBOurl Valley ,.;Iec, t rlc Complny; Yliue, I!!.

Girl.· toot nee. 13 ye"l Ind oO'er-l elect.lc rtlrllo. Iron, donlted b): lHuou . 1 VaUey Elec­tric Company: nIue, $:!.

Glr ll' potalO race. untle r III .retl~1 n old­lIeat nltl ron. douated br. lltMBOu rl Vslley EI('('trIC Comllln,.; n lue. ~(!().

Women', I'ollto race. o .. e r Ifl Y"l'1I-l While ("0" nlUroo. dOn~ ted by Staodard Electric Compftny. Value. 'Il.lIG.

Women'. ejrl{ race. orer III year_l elO'elrlC 1\·atrle Iron, tloalted b,. I . A. Uennetl Com pa",. Slierardnct Conduit; nIue, $111.

\I omen', bi ll -throwing cODtnt-1 eleclrlc grill. donlted by Cent ral State. Electric Com· paol.; niue, 53.

"omen', blll·hattlnl; cont<l1!t-1 \\'",ijllng hou~c los~ter. ,loDDle,1 b), Columblln ~:I('Cttlc Compau)'; Vllue, $0.1\(1.

MI'n'B ' ro'(' ror-.II " It'e--I ele.:trle ran, du· IIDled by Oraybpr IC lectrle Coml'an)'; ul"e.

" Fli t "'PII'~ race--l electrIc fAn. donated by Grftybn Electric COlllllan,. · vainI', $6.

l\.I~n'8 t hr('().leJ:l:rd race--~ eleetrlc matcheR. douated by MI~.on rl Valle,. ~,Il't:ltlc Comlllln),: vslue, f1.00 each.

10"01( nee. tor IIlPrentlces ouly-I eleelr lc fIIo. dons tell by QraybRr Elect r ic COml'S")'; .. nIne. }O,

He. " KU"~"lnlr eOntut ror women-FirM prl.o. I ~!lIk lmo lilt"hen Mechlnlc. donnted by ('('nlral S I ~IC<l ~:tCC'ttle Company; vlllne $7.00. ~on'l 1l'1z ... I ~ Iect rle egg eookcr. donllted by Standard Ele.:ttle Company; nlue. $0.00

'rb", to llo"'lnlt' prlaNl were .,,'II.ded by draw­l" .. ot "un,be .. oil IIllmlnlon ticket.:

Onto 12.ln<:h IIlclllnttn..: ltobbln •• M~yeu tnn. IllInllNI by ConI/Dental Electric COmpln)·; ulll.· $:10.

Oil" orll('r tor l2:i In merchandllll'. donlted b,. K. ('. I'ower and 1.lgbt Complny.

On(' tl'h'('hron "lock. dODlted by mld-wClt Oen"ral ~:Il'('lrlc Comlllny; ... s lue, ~.:IO.

Oae ordrr tor ' 16 t1xtu~, donated b, no. · fM'n('r ):I('('trle Company.

One IInlreraal ... ~mt'! Iron. dooat~1 b,. Frank Adlill • • :I{'('tne CompaN,.; 'I'Ilue. $1:1.

On(' "otrC<l! poercolltor. donltl''' by Wur,l lck ):ll'I'l rl,' CompPllY; ulul', '"I.

l' rlau to be aWl rd.,1 .peel. l: 1'wo Gnrhar .. Ir-etrlc IIItlrooB. donated by

grollomy I· 111M' Company; ulue, $6.00 I'Icb. Onto T01r~g .. t<l1!ter, dODated b, Squ,re "0"

Swlteh COlllp,ny. ,'h(' a:en('ra l prl.e drnwlDI;' IDII IIwardlng

of prl ..... ,,'111 be held du.lnl{ ."))per hour. l'o One fRmlly to I..., 1...-lrlle,1 m"re than oot'!

I,rl." On ",enenl d nwlnll'. All Ilrlze wlDD~rs "'UMI be IlretJ('nt to rooeh'e prl_. Unl<l1!1 Ib t'! I,nlll~r or p.18C number drawn II IITClellt In­nlh~r Iluml>('r will be drftwn, In orde r to pat-1I("II>Stf' In prl~ .. dra"'lnJ,! you I1\U II' be pN!scnt.

'fill" IIrO)l"r1l11l ~loMted by UQ)"~1 !'rlntlng ('''''' I,uny. liO \\' !!fI t ,'hlrl(!('nlh St rf:Cl.

The followi ng Is an IIccount of the rurn­ishinj(8 on ~he tahies, g;ving evt'!ryone 1111 they wished to satis fy their hunger and ~hlr~t: 600 frankfurters, 600 buns, 170 I'OUO<[S boked hllm, 38 10llves of bread. 38 roulld Inyer caku, 126 pounds potato Ullld, 12 jj"IIIJOnl BO$to~ bilked bean!, 20 glillon! coff~~, 10 gallon. ice tea, 20 gallons lemon· ade, 75 glli10ns orllng-eade, 5 glillon8 dill pickle_, 98 bricks of ice crellm. All of Hlis sO economically manllged antl arranged at a cost of 38 "entl per person lerved.

Now to end. Everyone directl)· in le",sled in this, ou r first annual picnic, agrees that ita remarkable suc"eas will reBult in a far more fri"ndly Bnd affable spirit not only among our members but also between tht'! IClCal union, contracto", jobbers and the entire electricil induat ry, of Kansn City and ita vici nity.

During the week of lhe Republican ~"n· vention in Kanlaa Ci ty Imong the "ilitou we~ President Green and Seeretary Mor­rison, of the A. F. of L~ \\'ho made t heir stay dur ina: that period at the non-union built 1I 0tei AmbaSSldor and did not lee fit to call upon any olll"ial of the Labor Temple or any "fficial ot the building trades Or their coundl. The building lrlldea li re much ove r­wrought that lhese offldals, .tandard bearen of unionilm, would ignore the build ­ing tn.des of Kansas City, and belides make their stay in what is popularly known in Kanllli City 1(9 ~ Icab.built hotel.

The Joun wl of Electrical lVorkers and Opemtol"s 426

F'or had t he labor movement in Kansa8 City o r any part of the labor mO \'ement been adYI~ed that t hese two hono rab le o ffi . cilll! would have been prelent dur ing that pe riod every effort would have been made to hllv.., hlld thcm placed in " IIni,;m bllild­jng built unde r union conditions Ilnd cllrried from place to place in the city by union chauffeun, made comfortable undE'r union condition. and waited upon by men and women unionl.ta who would be an,..ioul to e"'pren and Ihow to theac honor"ble offi· cials the hOlpitnli ty that is dlle them and thllt only Knn .. s City can e",pf~U.

On ev ep\.j j ob~. -

EMIL FINGI:R.

--:-:-=-:-::-:-: L . U. NO. 130 , NEW ORL EA NS, LA . ~:ditor:

It hu bcen quitl' n while Bince Loul No. 130 hal been mentioned in the WORKEI!, I!O

to ~tart with will lay we held our annual election Friday, June 29. 1928.

Down here we have the Aus tra]ian ballot ayatl'm. The Irult«. pt"epared the e]ec­tion bootha and the baUot bOll. The poUs were open at 8 a. m. and everyone that wi.hed to eame and voted up to 8 p. m., when the polls dosed.

The day WI\I enjoyed with everyone hav­inl!" n good time, one candidate, or faction. joking with the other, generlllly having the tnt<'rest of the orgllnillltion. if elected.

Th"re we re a number of nominees for all but two officea which called fo r qui te a lel1g: t hy ballot, 10 the election commi ttee WBS kept busy until afte r midnight before tht' count w .. complete, and the return" made, but everything went off harmoniously and arter our nellt meeting, when our new offleer. are IlIItaUed, we are 1111 goil1g to get right down to bualne .. to make I.oca] No. 1:10 one of the but in the southlal1d.

E. T. B~OWN. S~.

L. U. NO. 163, WILKES-BA RRE, PA. Editor:

Some few malten of jurilidiction could. we belleve, be tllkell up with profit to II few of our loclil U1110nl. lind romn,ents and "dvice from fortunate aections wh ich lire fully controlling- t he installations of te]e­phone wiring- en building-s, controller boards and wiring on univenl ayatema, ~levator wi rinl" and maintenance, chaaing of walls for Installation of conduit., etc., digging ditehe. fo r conduits and cablu, holding bu rglar IIll1rm .yahtlla in t he fllce of fi r ms who tTy to Import wo rkm"n on the pretext of hol d ing pat"nted wiring ay~tems. dcviceg, eU.. I",tnlla t ion of controb, wiring for bl()wer moton, etc. (of t(:n given to st~am­fi tter contractor, lind controllers and mo­t Ort let up before "le~tricinn6 liN called in). thelltre work be]ongi nl!" to electrician <ao olten g rabbed b,. atage hands and oper· ators) and numberle .. other i tems. which JO ort~n occaaion the remark of ·'It·. onl}' a few houra' work." It we eOllld but in~til into our membenhlp the heroie struggles and the .. erlncea put up to attain these parta of our trade, lind that the)' nre not roo linll" the bUlineu ajrCnt by covering up (afte r pllying him "'Ia ry) but are fooling themselves, o r, more often their Brothe r memheu who wa lk th e strl'et. 8S II resu lt. IIftCf tnklng the ollLh of Brothe rhood. We have hlld Rome few scrll l'" as 8 result of trying to hold, whllt some of OUr siste r locnh are not worr)'lng abou t (Local No. 81. I'leue take note).

One ('U~ In particular is on e]eva~or wir_ ing. W~ nre informed by the el~vllior eon­"t rl/CIOT whOle loco] (OVeu the terr'!ory of Loul No. 81. Local 163 and others ( We pat th~ back ot il az]eton ]ocal fo r their Bland on thia work), that we are the only section t he)' a", havillar trouble with.

A lUIit' .. ee .... ;1 /'olru:k K,,"~, 01 i.. U. No. 9, Clli .. Il/lo, .elld. '" I"Olliekilll/ b"l/"d to llu! h."~ 01 "1Y1I~l"e III" Ri.""r SilDNIIOII "'/OW8," olld "II"" u t"rrifie "r/lI/IIIOId "" IfIIIIIU/ltd to IUI/r" it 10" III;' coll4","-m''''l11 I~,,"k. 10 )1014. Pol. co",,, "fIuint

Au ulll pt ion

I might hllve been n king Ilr, With my ~cepter, crown nnd ring, sir Through tile l:enell]o&"l(' current of my sires

long ngo, But I banished I.roud ambition To become an e]eNrieilln With a magic wand of wonder to ~et thc

world aglow.

I might have been a lond d ispatch!.'r. Or a trouble "hootlnp; p.teher, Or a bold prohibition rIIider with my yscht

upon the fOllm, Lo:ot their Jolly belh go rinarinK. And their cl rcul t 8 all go swin!:in!:. While the moon shed Milver glo ry round my

royal Irish dome.

I might have been a doctor, Or II prognoaticat lng proctor, Or a low enforcing cop].er with mat'hinl'

guna full of lend, But despitc 1111 pleas $edueive. I em skeptic and cluaive, For I 'd clean them up completely if the

drop got in my hend.

The)' may b]ustcr, knoek and grun,ble, In this world o f rough lind tumble, Those weuened faced reformefl o f the pur-

itllnic "choo], But m)' tre nd la kH l' ing ILulet, Lonnng round on genUe diet As I roam "WilY to slumber amid z<'phyn

soft and cool.

I might have been A lupervi.or, Or decorous «nsorize. For the Btllr of local unions, our famoua

number nine, BlIt with alnp!ltudinou~ volition. I declined the honored Itatlon For thllt ve te ran of I .. [,or, thc rhiYlllrous

"O'nrine."

Now I'll tell the whole caboodle, Thllt to elevll te my noodle, I must fill my own prucriptlon. lind do it

ve ry 800n, Let poo r Rankin do hi. laugnini" And Wllrner do hi. chafeing, I atill mb my Ifinge. "'ater, with a magic

ray of moon.

am goini' to ny to ~Ioscow, And brin!;" dear Ilrother Ilaakow, To regulate the llo]lhevika and I terili7.c

tile reda; When we ge t nne and f risky. Drainitll{ up their good vodkAvi"ky. We'U dunce the liJ,lh t fll ntutic. on their

anarclli . tlc h~ad 8.

A seilor who had been Jlo llping at n fuh­ionable hote l And who WA' pnying hi, bill. looked up .. t lhe girl euhier and asked what it waa she had around her ne~k.

"Thlll's a ribbon, of rouue:' .he said. "Wh)'?"

"Well," h ... replied. "e\'erything cllO:O i. 80 high IIround he re thllt t thou\:ht perhnps it was your garter."

II"d"o","" to ONr old lri~,.d D"kf, "I 1.lIeol No. ~'$ "";111 ,,,III, breui/ AOII.""a,, elllill~d ;

T hings Th il l N .. . ·er Ji aploen

While going down the ItreH today; A hot sketch cllllj!ht my eye

A ta,..; cab came to II halt And gave me the right. of w~y!

At a rllgi ng fire the firemen lI ad forgot to bring their hou:

And I met n high aehool nU I.per, That WIIS really wcarinar clothes.

A trllf'fic cop in a traffic jam lIad a amile upon hi s face:

And a hot dog aland, run by n Greek :'olinus this lIign, "American place."

The viee squad made a pinth loday, A gambling joint in n rDid.

A well known dub Will .Iso clo~ed For ~elling T. N. T. lentonndc.

A millionai re WIIS pho pi!\ch~d.

With a bottle on his hip, By a prohibition officer

Tha t refused to takc " ni " .

The newsboys were hollering extrs; Thl' Toledo ~Iud Hen. won a iAme!

And when I s topped at " friend'. fo r dinner lie was really g-Iad I caml".

I got II telephone numher, The SAn'e day that I tried.

A motorist stopped beside II tramp. And offered bim .. ride.

The I"st empty sent in a movie Khow, Waa the firs t sent middle ala]e;

A man I voted fo r ]ut fall Stopped me Dnd talked a while.

Tbe bu~ I ride ,,'U right on time, With a strap unoccup;l'd:

An offiee boy "'anted to lee the 'lime And his grllndmother h.d not died.

The sun was reall)" shining As the weather mnn hal nid;

And now my trienda. I leave you-I could be ~ho t for wha t YOU'Y~ ~ead.

T n r. IlUKI:.

"lid a B"I)IIt." r IrO"1 D. V. No. $8, lJ~t I"O"C, wllo didn't ~j"n /Ii. "lime. st"d~ in 0 "o'll 0/ the job-it'. nollting fo bt ullamtd of. R .. ol1!tr!

lI ow Abool T ha t Oouble Jl and t ~d II l1 t ku w!

A short time ago one or our ]arrnt em­ployers WAS around looking over the job and he came IIcross one of OUI" hard_work In, .. Iectricians "utting ofT II piece of pipe wi th the hacksaw and at the lame time trying to l(ct a good Jelln on the henrh.

" Why don't you use two handl on tha t h Il Ck~IIw?" WherellB our "ma rt e lect ri cia n replied: " If 1 waa to U!e 1"'0 hRndB on thl. hllcksaw. they would have to put t wo handles on it in the nut plncc."

A lIot Sho t

Gllrdening Emhuliut- I notice it i. p(\!­aible to grow flowers by elect riei ty.

He, f.'riend- Yes, a good mnny li re ,ro .. n rrom bu]b •. - Anawc rl .

426

We get the ume talk from the general nlanager of the Dell Telephone Company that no one else in Pennsylvania is pulling telephone wire, only Mothu Bell'. non­union men. So, it this is heedt'<!, we may aecure beUef result. in the near 1111gre on this work.

Now I .. y to loc_1t of Pllnnly!vania, dig your heet. in. Get into the Itate associ._ lion, and at our De"t meeting come 100 per cent to make better conditions (or the elee­trical worker. either through Jegl.lalion for licensing of journeymen. as well as maslen, or II foundation (or II concerted onslaugbt to get lind hold work belonging to the .. lee­trical worker.

Local No. 83. I want to Sill' thal you have made II gain. and Local 163 h .. taken II

10M by Brothe r Donald n. Gu)' .eekin£" the land of IUnihine. Just try him out (or ioy,,]ty-he knowl what the word s tand. for. Neve r back up, Don!

JOliN MOSIXY.

L U. NO. 180, VAl.LEJO, CAL IF. Editor: Greeting.:

Jl4ne of leap year has just passed and WI' never lost a man!

The I .. t meeting was election of officers, and after the meeting we recei-'ed a Duteh lunch, but remember the Eighteenth Amend­ment is sti ll in force in Vallejo,

Brothor Morgan Jones aeled U judge, Brothers Seue and Biddenbaek as teJlers for the eleetion. The incoming omce", are: President, Brother C. W. Zimmer; vice president, Brother A. C. Laws; financial secretary, Brother L. P. Myrick: recording secretary, Brother A. Biddenbaek; foreman, Brother Lanan; trustees, Brothe", Lanan and Healey; executive board, Brothers Car­rico, Sease, Julian, Lauon, Lowe and Reed: Chambe r of Commer ce delegate, Reed; prell • ecretary, Reed.

Local No. 180 ",ve a riling vote of thanb to its retiring office ... for their le .... iees and feels proud it, new ones.

Busine .. i. about .. ulual in thi, district and all Brothers are holding their own.

The ne .... Vallejo·San Rafael and Sonoma Cut·off Road was opened to tumc J uly 3, which put Vallejo about 20 miles eloae r to San Francisco.

The regular attendance folk s were lurely glad t o .lee .ome strange facn in the hall. We were expecting to lee more but gue .. the re were a lot more like Brother Funk Conlon, better kllown .. "Mickey." He got hooked up with Houston, Tuas, held on to see if Governor AI Smith was elected ao .... e ~ould ha"e the old·time Dutch lunches that Vallejo used to enjoy.

Foiles, did you get the same impreuion Ir'om listening to the ~onventlons that I did! Did you e,'er think of the money that .... ould be atond away and not apent on labor Or material if the)' built no conven­tion halls, u~e~ no traveling conveniene~s and hotel servlces, no bands, no eommunl· cation Buvi!'es, but let patients in the staa hospi tals act as delegatea to select the nom· inees! Which would be tbe wiser!

If any of )·ou are through here the latter part of September it will be pouible t o I tOP at the new hotel "Cua de Vallejo."

We hope lome day that electricians in California will not be backwa rd but will get bu,"y and get some legislation that ..... iII al leu! put UI on a par with barbel"!!. poli . ticians, lawyerl, docto .. and enginee".

The meeting nights of Local No. 180 ha"e been changed from the second and fourth Wednesdays to lhe second and fourth Thund1!.)·S of each month.

E. C. REED.

The JOUl"llal of Electrical JVorkel"s and Operators

L U. NO. 2 11 , ATLANTIC CITY, N. J . Editor:

Lon-8trayed or Stolen--One slightly used linancill aec retary, answe .. to the name of "Hepp)'." When last seen he was headed for Local No. 103. Treat him kindly bOYl, he'l been raised a pet.

The convention hall j ob is again under Wly, the bonding complny having re-Id the contract to an out·of·town firm who in turn have retained Brother i::rnesl E(l'Cr as "skipper" along with ihe old erew, 10 every­thing is no .... elicking. Thh has cut down the attendance at the dly r oom and remo1'ed lome "domino champions" and "fishermen," mouly talk, with the ellception of Urother Olcar Scull, Pleasan tville'l High Hook who put in one of his idle dayl on a cribbing upedition and the result furni shed a feut for the Old TimH', Club.

Brother Sam Harvey, formerly of "Eastern Sho." Maryland, and Brother "Limber" Turner-"Native Son"_taged a contest which waa deeided in flVOr of the home talent, although Brother Sam claims lome of the .hells in the winner', pile were "pil_ fered"-Ihat'a the word!

Brother H. S. T"'eedie, of Local !\'o. 314. is hereby notified to be present at the nes:t meeting of the club to throw a l ip over lome ateamed mussel,. s teeped in dra .... n butter. Food for the gods, I calls it!

Some of the locals that are endeavoring to ha1'e an ordinance plued licensing elec. trical contraetors may be interested in a derision handed down by the Ne .... Jersey Supreme Court sustaining the Pleasantville city ordinance which governs contractors englgcd in iutalling Or repairing electrical work.

A I.inwood contractor objected to the en· forcement 01 the ordinance and as pro­secutor brought rcrtiorari proceedinEI on the rollowing prnentation:

"For the purpose of the decision it is stipulated that prolecutor lives in Linwood • Atllntic County, N. J., that he does not have a plaee of busine .. in the city of Pleasant­ville, nnd did not ha"e at the time of this application Jor lkense, to be issued under the ordinance under review, and that he was refuled the right to otherwi.e qualify under the ordinance because he had no place of husinen in Pleasantville."

Hil attorneys nrgued that Section 1"0. 5 of the ordinnnce il invalid. This Itction provides:

"An ordinance for the enmination, licen. sing and registration of person., firms or corporntions eng-aged in Or engaging in the bUlinen or wo rk of installing and erecting electric wiring, fixtures, enginn and mach. inery or work of whatsoever character. for the conduct and DSe of electricity, and im_ posing finea, penalties and forfeitures for the violation thereof."

Justices Trenchard, Koli.h and Kaben. baugh concurre<! in the deciaion and dilmissed contractor'. action with COltl. After citing certain rules and cases, the \"Ourt rendered the deci sion that:

~ In the present case the prosecutor lives in Linwood. The ordinance attacked r elates to the city of Pleasantville, and regulates the carrying on of the electrical busineu in thlt city, and by Section No.1, provides that every N'gi"ere<! muter electrician ,..ho shall have a bona !ide place or bUline .. in the city of Pleasantville, shall display on the front of hi l or her or thei r place of buaineu a aign 'Registered Electrician.' bearing the name or names of the penons, firm, o r corporation in letters not Ie ... than one and one-half inches high, exccpt III provided in Sectlo", No.3 and -I .

"The court dedl ion is that_ "We Ire unable to obaerve anything in

tbil section which il unreasonable or in any wilt railts the qUealion raised in the prosecutor'a brief concerning Ihe validity of Section No.5."

Atlantic City's ordinance is limiliar tf theirs ao that', that.

iJrother E. W. Jones, P leasantville'a genial electrical inspector. is wearing a broad smile -now you kno .... the reason.

G. 111. S.

l.. U. NO, 212, C INC INNATI, OHIO Editor:

Our 1928 eledion, like many other oc<:ur. rences. is now a thinjf of the past and, true to my predidion, in the Ilist iuue, it find, me without officilll connection of an)' kind with Locel Union No. 212.

To thOBe who were fortunate enough to be Bente<! in office without oppo~ition (one of whom was Brother Lelbenrood), nl$o the ones who weN' successful agninst oPPolinR candidates, I extend II generous hand with every good wbh for a luccesdu l lerrq of office.

I clln anure ali, eBpeeialiy the members of the Brotherhood who have been interested in the WOOKflI, that my efforh for many yean past to fulfil1 the duties ot press secretar} have been a plew.~ure to me and 1 resign my office (th~ough defent) with one conaolation, which is to know that the work will be car. ried on by one who il more than able to give an adde<! dignity 10 the acribes' ealling.

It g;"" me great pleaaure at this time to introduee to Our worthy Editor, alllO the WOIlIalt and its thousanda of r~aders, the newly eleete<! scribe of Local Union No. 212 -Brother A. C. (Nick) Carter.

With only the but wiahes tor the eon. tinued SUCCell or the I. B. E. W., its officers and membera in general, I beg to remain most gnldul1y youn.

E. W. StlolO!'>"TOS. "The COP;Jjrt'"

• • • Editor:

The writer', lirst attempt lIS preas aec:re­tary of the above union will be to acquaint the readen ot the Won,,£!!, that at this game lIS reporter, 1 believe I would make a good electrician. No bouquet. to mYlelf by the above remark, but with the full understand. ing that }'ou readers are the ones who will suffer. I won this elec t ion by the Inrge lind IIStounding plurality of one vote and I wish to thank the Copyht (or his vote. The Copy. ilt and I madill s friendly bet and one of UI won but ao far neither hIS becn seen rolling a peanut the length of Fountain Square by the aid of our nose. In w riting under the name of Nick Carter thos.e of you who know me will know that it il rea l and will not ex­pect to see the old familiar phnses used in other works by the aame name. To those that do not know me, I will state that t do not write for a living, t have never quitlll mlStere<! the art. So much for the introduc­lion, and I wish to tbank you onlll and aU for your support, etc.

The outcome of our recent eleetion left the peraonnel in tbe ume capadlil!$ with a few en<l!ptions. Brother Jack Raymond had a very hard race with no opposition and won the olllee of president. Brother Guy is the new vice president. Brother Liebenrood reo mains linanclal 8el':retary. Brother Mitten­dorf retains hi. poaition al recordln •• tere­tar),. Brother Joe CuHen won his rllCe and il atill bus iness agent. Brother King h .. a new Job &I truBtee. With a few changes here Ind there the balance of thlll jobs were handed back to the previou, holden. All offi«n elected were inatalle<! at our meeting of JUly 2, but, before pasaing t he subject of officers, the write r feell in accord with the general sentiment of the entire membership of thi, local union and wishu to hand a la rge bou-

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

Quel to il l rel;ring I'ru;dent, Ilrother Hurry Fiupatridt. I only w;lh thllt each and every local union or the llrotherhood would have a man 10 deft",in..: of credit in the pre.ident'. chair. Rather ImaH In I\lIlurl'. Quiet in al· titude (until you rull'll' the feathC!rI the wrong way). C!ndowl'<l with and a user or f"Of'd common II'n'll' In all ('asell, imparlial in all iliuM.. wI'll \'I'~ In pnrlialTil'ntllry I/lW. nnd, lut but nol least. a leader in creatin~ harmony. A larll'C! part of the eon~rll'<l harmony in thll locnl union today cnn be tra("rd b~ck to tht tIme rOUT ~'ears ngo when IIrotheT Fit1pnuick took tile chair. lind to 111m belonl.'" tile Inr);eat (lllr! of thc credit In thia measure. The enUre membership will fecI ita 10RS due to llrother F iUPlltriek relir· in!: to enter lind anume chllrl(e of nnother bu~ine~ft. We truat hel will do weli nnd. knowing him n we do, we are lure he will mel'! wilh much lucce~l.

nUline" ('ondltlon. In Cincinnati and ,,1. einity are about the annle III In other fIOT' tions 01 the country. Thl'rc nre a few $:ood· .i~ed job! under ""'ay, lOme nbout reldy to Itnrt the flnishin$: work. lind while there nrc Bnme or the membcu occupying their rel(ulnr rhnln at the omre, I belleve thnt the lllrl(e mnjority nre holrlinl;' down overhend expenau by making Ihl'lr clllht hOUri II day. Some arr not 10 fortunate and .re not getling thl' lull I'II;ht houri. dilY. Some of the hOYI were on a job lit :\Iiddll'town for .oml' time but I belleve thl'Y hive rl'turnl'd to Cineinnll!i. The traction ~omplny tub.tations are pro· C"ftdine nicely Ind ... e hope more arc to tom('.

We a.1' 10 unfortunlte as to 10M II couple of the old timen of our local some time ago. Brother "Dirk" Vl'nn I,nued on after II ling· cring illnell and Brothor lIIlke Siebnld failed to recover from an appendicitis operntion.

An Introdudory lette r ""'ould be unllnillhed .hould we fail to cali your attention to OUT "hool. SineI' the mIddle of June we have btoen on v&clltion Ind w11l lnke up our Itudil'll n$:nln about the flnt plrt of September. In Jo'ebruary, 1927, we ,tlrtl'<l a ..,hool for the members of our locIII. mnde arrllngementa with the local bOllTd of educntion for the use of I tlaaa room which would aeat llbout 100 perSOlll, selected our textbook! lind then we I tnrted to get bUllY. Aher one und one·hnlf term. nf achonl we ca n IUY thll t our Khool i,l n luc('ess. Jtuulta from IIll1,licllnts' cxaminu· tion for journcyml'n diKlole knowledge gained while ftltendln!: Khool. Whcn we .luted out we hlld one hour of mathemftlic. and onl' 1I0ur of el~tfical studie.. If you want to ICe yOUf1l'1f in the proper light Ind find out what you hln lorgoltl'n lince leav. Ing .hool it .... ould lurpri.e yOIl to take up an arithmetic IOml' l'Veninlt" and Itllrt 'york· lng lOme of the problema thl'rl'. Don't .'nrt too high. 11:0 bllck to fOllrth or fifth ~'nr null'. Better Itill, where there lITe severnl o f you Brothers slttlnjt afound nl lunch time. one of you call 01T numbe .. for 1111 of you to write down lind when )·ou ("he"k up you will nnd the a\"erall'e to he .. low II! 40 Of 50 per cent. l'outwlf, right now, can ynu write in neurel the follo .... ln,;: One thousand and t ... o; twenty.one million forly·six thOlllRnd lind C!ighty. Try It and othl'fI. It's bl'tter than ('rou·word punlu. Well, thlt is where we Itarted, and, oh. boy. whst we Il'arntd we did not know! But t ry thl. or other tl'lls on the boy. thllt have b~en coming to Bchool re$:ulnrl>', and 1'1\ bnnk on them.

I t b not tho intent ion of the writer to try to give .. correspondence couue in electricnl Ittldy within this column for the nex t ycnr but will try to have. p rDetical question tor you to study over until th" neat illue. 10 here II one to thInk .bout (the nnlwer will be in neal month 'l 1.lue):

Cln you gi"e a really undentandable In.· weT to anybody not at all famllisr with elec· t riul work, explllnlng whnt Umutua l in·

duetance" is! Write your anlwer now Ind grlde it with t he anlwe. next month.

N ICK CAnTa!.

L. U. NO. 245. TOLEDO, OH IO Editor:

WeI!, just to .11<1 .... YOIl thlt I ..... w your little appeal in lilt month'. JOtlltSAI.. reo queJiting that the cor~pondl'nce all be in by the 27tll or thl' month, here it il. But thlt II not new., and whllt the boYI crave here i. news. Oh, I.ord, how 1 wish thllt I cOllld be the bearer of the onl' bit of good neWI that would IprClid contentment Ind Inti.rlldion among the men. We don't cx· pect the goole thnt laid the golden egg, nor do w<! expcet the world en fenced In gold. All we ask is th~ thllnec to u rn our dally bread as UIUIII, with 1\ few pennies Idded to the envelope to lIuure meAl with the bread on lpecilll occasionl. Thl' memben of L. U. No. 245 as a whole. with the exception of fOUT in Our reccnt balloting, .teel thlll. after working since \fl20 with but II 5 per cent raise, and with the dllTerent cnmmod!tiea of life IIdvancing with II rl'pid stride nnd, n~ these thing. are 10 neeellnry to the propcr au~taining of life 10 Iweet to all of us, we flnd that paying 19;!3 price. from our 1920 wllges (plus 5 per cent hi 1925) there II jUlt naturalJy I Ihortl~ of funds .. hen it

BUT WILL

427

eomea to aeltling up afte r each P"Y dlY. Going back a few yean when t he na t ural f ... hlon 10'", khlki and every young fellow wa. not in Ityle unle ... he wal dressed in Ihe regulation uniform, War hit the industril'll, too, and III a _peeial .... ar melllure the men "'ere askl'<l to submit to I decrelse in wigel. The men, bein" patriotic, ""ere eager to do their little bit lor democracy and accepted tile cut. And in 1920 they were eranted thl'ir old Kale again. It has bel'n 10 yeau lince the Wllr and in tho .... 10 yean tlioSl' few cor· poratiOnl that were not auccl'ulul in rabing Ihcir rnting to thllt of mlllionaLre firm have done very well lince Rnl! I'''rticulli r ly in t he publi~ utilitiel fl~ld. ThOle industriu hnve bceu luceessful through manipulation of stock and exce5!live rlltes, hive grown to the e:l"tent where five or lix eompnniu ~ontrol the entire field and In a mlltte r of a very l(Ow more years two companies will control the industry.

The promote., of thelle lnrge eorflOrllUona Ihould get the credit for the suc~ell of thOle eompllniel!. The thousandll of Btockholden who receive their dividend cheeb the Il"t of ev~ry month are Illtianed wIth the WRy In which their money hill been invnted, bcelluae these dividend check. continue to come in every month. And thue uti_fled stockhold­er_ .ell the idel to other Ihonlllnds of In. vetltora annllally lind ellch and every Cui'

HE DANCE?

428

tomer ownenhip ~ampai(tn bring' them many more hoarded fortune8. ~'or It i. ~lIfl' to pl'flliet that. the Burfaee of the eleetriUl field II .. jUIt. hl'i!n .e,.lehed, and their money i. ,"e ror • f~1I' more. yearl or at lent until tho time comes that practieall)' .11 the hold­m,. are lilted under the one nrm', name that thia noek i, luued for, and them it mil)' beeomo neeeUllry to eliminate levunl thou­land of the aman atockholdcu In order 10 get tha eontrollinc intereat In the hand. of II mueh amnller group and In tha, CillO whnt will be the outcome! WiIJ It be like thll: Mr. Riehthand Pocket hal bou,lIl out the in­teren of Mr. Lefth.nd Pocket and the hold­inca of Mr. RiEhthand Pocket haYa become a drug on the market, 80 with e • .,h bal. of thill Itoek of JoIr. Righlhand Poeket a('f:Ompanled with 1000 Guman marh at the 1920 valua_ tion, )'011 un rill one frte ticket to .ome nice conveniently located pOOrhoulle. And who w[l] pay thl . amall price for Mr. ItlKhthand Pocket'a Itock! You're "Kht; it will be the arnall .roup of M ... Lenh.nd Pocket'l {riend •. They, 10" • handful of eorn. wl11 eet the lI:oose that laid the Itolden egg.

No .... these comp.nies in order to Ipread their I>rodutt to the costumer'. door must build linu. To build theac linn they mUlt hllvo men. These men mun be experienced in tho handlinr of power that IIow. through theao IInel. A man mu~t put in four )'cau of aervice before he can qullify III a Journey­man lineman; ereat many never aerv, the~e four yean, for In lome caM. they milk!! their flnt mlltake e.rly in trlinin, Ind their fint miNke II ulu.lI,. their I.n error

You m.y he.r home people .. y that tho5t men don't have to do thi. da.n,erou, .... ork. there . re other fields leu d.ngerou. that they ma.y .d.pt them:relvl'. to. Thla ia true but every man hal one IImbitlon, and thllt i, to ha"e one occupation where he may b .. tl'rmt{! a m.lt .. r of hi, trade or .t leut a .kllled workman, lor there i. no IIvinsr hell like that of the unfortunat.e. unskilled com· mon l.boring man .... ith no experience. That poor devil's exiltence il leu exdtinK than that of • horlle. And even I hone turnl hia blck to hi. work. Dut that one amhltion il the anlwer to why there are men following thll dangerou vocation-bllCltuw It l.tn"I'd. er .. d aklll(!d labor. The man .... ho bui1d~ the lin ... that lurnilh the po .... er for the I.rgett factory .nd tho.e llghting of the humblnt home p"ya the same prke for hi. proyl.iona that the m.n don that build •• nd own. (helle I ... ge factor;n .nd modern homea .nd man­lion.. The av..r.ge COlt here II IOmewhal higher thin In lome oth .... citi" of the .ame .i",.

Forty doiliu • week h..re will do thil and no more: It will ply hi. nnl whleh will .vef'lge $10 • week--$~O I month. Th .. pro­viliona for hil table will .vu.ge .t I .. an $15 a ... ·eek. His inluf'lnce, hi, light bill. t .. l .. phone, and heating upenl .. , Ineludlng gal for cookine will average $; .. wHk thl yent around. lIil payments on hla It~k which he invelta with the eompany he worka for il Itnother $2.60 It week. I1iI C'h rIUn1ll1 I ItV­lngl. for hi ' fltmily .t Christlllll time .. nd $I • week blinking, thele It!r>n~ a~"n'p't ro~ $SUiO II wtek and with the n'm.lnlng $3.1)0 he Ihould keep himlelf .nd hmily properly dothed .nd he must buy his own tooll. By paning up that doU.r a .... eek bankIng I man.ge 10 JUit jl:et under the wll"f! .nd th.t. gentlemen. ia one of the .... .on. why we have a.kfll the comp.ny to gunt ua • few pennln a week incre .. e In pity 10 thlll there would be • little left for Imuaement for our grow. ing f.mm ....

III a doU.r and. dime per hour too much to expeH conlidering the nature of our work! When. mIn in the line of dut)· pl.",u him_elf in r ... dinu. to end every. thing. to urrillce hil all in Calf o f on .. llip

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators

by him .. elf ur hi fdlow worl mIll!. when. man facu n con~tant danger of remoYing from the ho.n!' the brl'ld winner who i! 10

ne!'e"lry In homel IIher. there are liule innocent children, ie he il willing to gamble hil chance 01 IUppOrt of hia film ily against the chance of something going wrong on the Hne at the wrong time. Ihould there be a fixed price upon hla head, fixed by lome organiution, lome club th.t Inemble. for the purpou of takinll' the bread from the mouth. of the laboring man', family to pay dividendi with f Thl, open ,hop group, the organilation kno .... n .. the Merchanta and Manuf.cture" A .. ociation, Ihould they be permitted to tell the employ ..... of men thn th .. re i, a market prlfe lor one partieul.r da .. o( .... ork Ind If their bid il more th.n th.t market price th.t they aa a g:roup will go to the atate utilitt ... eommlnlon and UBe their inlluence tow.rdl h.Yin" their flte eUI. II thi a whllt the (athe ... of our eoun­try had in mind .... hen they ligned the dif­ferent tre.tlea with the Indian, and IInally aher loun of hum.n bloot! and privationa to euabliah a free ~ountry, I, thla the juatlee thlt il referred to In the constitution of these United Stalu! Before the Civil Wlr it WAl a common thing thlll II priee be plll~\"d upon the helld o r It .Iave lind he "'II~ eo It! to Ihll higheat bl,lder. But even these ignorant .Iave owne,. eame out In the op .. n and buu&"ht their s lavel and paid for them and the highut bidder paid (or hie purcha.e. nut we hue bun kidded into ber .. vin, th.t those daya are over. l .... iIl grant that the,. lire ove r but in th .. ir Btead w .. h.ve a .I.yery far more inJurioul th.n thos .. daya, for eyen the Ilave hlmaelf now_ ad.ya b not permitted to know wha.t priCO' he brin,1 tm the mllrket f'Xcept a small I:rOUP that lell themleh'ea collecti .. ely and then the injunetlona in lome C.lel wilf not permit ua t o pl.ce • bigger price than thoae quo'lIIloM from the varioea luncheon c1ubl. ( Wh.t price GlO!"7). Tllla club d ...... me as a nol~hevik becaUle I write thi!. They c1a~1 ~·o" a. a 1I0i.h('v'k hl'caule you tead it and your fdud thllt can't either read or write I. d a.ued Itl a Bolshevik beellU5<l he work. ror n living and al1oc\ltlu with the~e that do rl'nd lIud write thil kind of atuff ;nat"nd of bedtime Itorlu Itnd poem. of Ipring and IIo .... e ....

Th .. Iysll'm I .. all wrong, Brothera, but ma)·b .. the nnt lI'enefition will change it. We won't because we don't atlck together .nd div·ded we mult and mOil c .. rt.inly .... iII f.'I. Iht I hope Ih.t the company which we work for and atill look forward 10 doing ve.t thinltl toward th", diltribu_ tion vi the futur .. product of this rnt I':T"Owing comp.ny. will ule the lame method in dealin, .... ith the cmplvye ... that hal g.ined for them the rOlltlnn that they no .... hold. that of a well lelect .. d group of men .... ho are capable of handlinll: thfO husineu of the compnny without outside dictation. Th", merehllnh and manufactur",rl need the ptO­duct that we In our line of duty help to di9tribute. It I. euen!I"1 in thei r businen (or the power must keep the wheels of In­duatry movlnlt lind yet they 8t' t • price upon OUr h ... d d~fylnll' the compllny to rais", the m.rket for ' ... r that the pnor miur.ble underf~d, underpaid man thal oper.te. the ma~hine..y In tho .. bctoriea ",ay think that tbe)' ar. not getting • bllt enough piece of the m .. llon and uk for. bigll:er 11Ie ... That il the d .. moeracy thlt wa, bought in 1918 ... Ith the blood !If thouslnd. of our l·outha. JUlt think whit II terribl", thing it would b .. if .. v .. ry poor worklnJr m.n would uk for. little of the dividend that he pro­duc~. for Ih .. "roup th.t underpa)'1 him. It would mean b .. tter living tondltionl anll a few would eet the wrinkle. out of their beiliu, .nd g~t luy Ind would not w.nt

work .n,. mono Theu \1 a {actory in Toledo th.l bonta through our daily pape ... th.t theIr divld",nd in one yur amounted to two and one·half I;m ... thlt of thei r pay. roll. Th.t only me.nl that eve!"7 tim", they paid a ",.n $I they made $2.60 On him.

Wake up, boys, let', even thll thing up a little bit, eomething il rotten In O",nrnark.

Wm. Coy, who hn poine.ored the line for the Wener n Union Company throu\l:h almoat every duert and Iwamp in thi , country, and who hlt l been building light linea {rom the very back of Mill Liberty In New York Hltrbor to the Golden Cate at Jo'riKo .nd ... ho hll Itru.ng enough telephone c.ble to relKh from Mexieo City to Nome, Alaska, h .. leul .. d here .... ith UI and ... lw.,.I. hia urd ia paid In .d ... nc ... The 11IC.'.1 went back in hiltory Ian meeting for about 10 minut .... Our ~hairman, H. Schoenberr, Will I.te (the leeond time In two ye .... ) and our ex-ch.ir­m.n, l:harley Neeb opened the meeting and ("hllrley h .. not forgotten. lingle word of th .. optoning ape .. ch. We are leeink quite a 10l of our friend, Ray Clary, lately, Sttek around Ray, w .. like your company. Brother C. SuIllY.n, who wa. II bridle tender hel"f! lor yea ... , hn passed 10 the land of relt and peate .nd the loc.1 hili 10lt another ",ember with many yean' Itanding, 11110 a friend, Brother Wlnch"nner hili not been up to sevo rnl meetings. I t '. funny too, aa this i, not the ,eABon for wild gtapea a,!d elde .. • berri"". L. G. Sorgen!rei and r. II. But­«, .. mor. It ill h ... d the lilt for 100 per cent .ttend.n~e linc.. January I.

BUl lor croup .ttend.nce all honor. mUll go to the Maume", Ohio C.ng. You can JUst nlltur.lly depend on them.

Our vlee prelid .. nt. Arthur Cr.nker, hn arrived late, IlIt .. ly, but he must be ucua",d (or he alt. at the bedside of hi . wife .t the hoapltal until .. iliting houra are ove.. and then comea to tbe meetinl. But Ihanh to good .ttention .nd medical a .. i.lance. M". Crank .. r will loon go home again and .... 111 meet her m'ny friend l who wllhed for her Ipeedy recovery at her Con.nt Street ad. drul In Maumee. Even nfter all thOle weeki of l ulfering on the lick bed, that Imi!e of lriendlineu hll' not vnn;Ih",d. She won hlH own battle with her gamene .. nnd "rll.

F.DW. E. DUKU lllall.

L. U. NO. 259, SA LEM, MASS. Editor:

It'a hot, Mr. Editor, and the helt Of the humidity, whiehe .. er you prele r. h.I r .. • duced our ('fflcieney to write. The wife hll gono .way. too. And that h .. reduced ou r etllclen~y lome more! DUI we do want to be on the llring line and 10 we mUlt gird our loin •• nd snap out of it. So h",r", gOU.

One of tho dear Brothe ra h .. gone tluey durlnlt the put month. He h .. b .. come • man without. union. Poor aoul1 And be­c.u~e of It we are bothered nnd 10 wo direct our (ew worda of wi adom right a.t hi l he.d. Mny he n.ten! (For the information of the rellllo ... wo had a little .trike in a , hop lind thla l,oor boob decided to Icft b It on UI.)

A great deal h .. been ",id .nd written about the "Man Without. Country." f'rom time Immemorial he hal been viewed with pilyinlt tontempt. a. a creature 10 .oullea. th.t eyen the yital alfai,. of the I.nd whi~h It.ve him birth or in which he UyU and .. a rna hla l ua lenanee have no inter ... t for him. lie neve r feell that line rlow or p._ trioU.m whtn the flag gou by; h .. haa no duire to .ee hi. tountry tah It proud pl.c .. ;n the .tral ... of the world, and .... hen her entml ... attack he c.r ... not; they m.y do with her what they will for .Ii of him. lie dou not reali!e th.t if everyon .... I ... Wf're tqually Indilfer .. nl, he n well u th.,.,

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

would loon beeome serb. The worker .. ithout a union il no dif­

ferent from the man without a country. Each il callously igno ring the struggles of those who ha,"e gone before, luffering, Itarving and bleeding thnt he might hllye t he things which he now enjoy'; eneh il lelfl3hly indifferent to the prosont nced. of hi. kind, and ",aeh is shirking a very rCAl duty to thOle who will come dter him by neglecting efforb to mike their condi­tion. better thao his o .. n.

Had the .. orkeu of the put been .. tided to lea .. e thinp IS they found them, and let posterity take care of iuelt ..... e would be w.,rkin\:: 16 or more hOUri a day, barely re­cei .. ing lulllcient payment to lustain life for ounelvell and our flmilies depend­ing lolely on Ihe whims of a muter-.erh in very truth.

The International Brotherhood of F.:lec­trlcal Workers is the salVAtion or thOle who would earn their living in the elc~­trlcal InduMry. It is strong lind Ilowrrful. I t hu accomplished grcllt del'da. It will accomplish more. One traitor to our cause will .trengthen rather thin weaken us. We Ire more determined than ever. We will continue to impro'·e our condition.'

Cod .... e the man without a country! Cod help the worker without a union!

Quuide of that. Mr. Editor, e.-erythin): I, going along Imoothly and most, it not .11 of the boys are workinjl:, .... hich of eOUTle i, the way it should be.

1I 0pe you have a jl:ood time on your vacation!

Yours till the country goes dry' Em)IE Or.II:K.\UX.

L . U. NO. 292, MINNEAPOLI S, MI NN. Editor:

There is con$iderable ltabillty about labor conditions here in Minncapoli l. That mlY ,ound funny to most people. but as I see it, they change but very little. The unemployment si tuation cannot I:'!t very much worse Ihan it is bl'fluse the p~ople here then would starve or they would have to lenvl' town. :\either doea it IIppellr thll' It will ever pick up Ind get a great dl'a\ better because progrus is an absolute im­ponib5Jity in this l""ality as long as our ,upposed·lo-be '·publie spirited·' Civic and Commerce Auo<:iation, Ciliuna AII 'anee. Blnkers Assodation lind other big bURin .. u men ot this flity employ a mlln lit II h:gh ulary with many IIsistantl to do nOlhing e lle thlln fight organized labor.

Some day the amiller merchanta of this city are ,oing to .. aloe up Ind flnd out thlt they Ire being hit just II hard as the or­,anize-<! labor movement and thnt they are not thought of any more than orpnize.! labor. If they ever do wake up then I hope they will get behind the organized labor mOVl'men t lind help it clean out .omc of the people who have been n curse to the city for thl'u many yean.

Since the "ritin\!; of my last lelll'r, cer­tain information has come to my notice that I believe will be of internl to the readen of the JO\JR~AL. In my la51 letter I ,poke of the dire need of orgllnlzing the employees of the big publi<: service cor· porations and the menace that thne unor­Itanized big companiu are to the Brother­hood. In connection with thia I might ~o on and point out they are not only a menace to U$ but that they lire a menace to the entire community.

In the Minnl'apolis Labor Review of June 22. I read an article teliinE holll' Ihe Fcderal Trade Commis~ion has brought to light the fa~t . Ihat utility corporations are ,~ndi n f: millionl of dolla .... to create a hOl tile public opinion towards the idea of public o"'n~r-

sbip of pubh<: Uti!itll'l, not only through the circulalion of the'r literature and the use of Ihe panderinE capitali.tie ne .. ~pa_ peu, but t h rough an inaidious prostitutioa of the edueational syatem by the furni shing of textbooks in the public 5chools, the dis­tribution limon!:" uhools, ~olleges, chAmbeu of commerce. etc., of II monthly news bulle­tin with items and editor;al, intended for reprodUction in newlpapen, the carrying on the payroll of these utility companies of teachers Ind profulOri of Kboola and uni­ve .... ities. tbe flnlneinE of rueareh .. ork, benefidal to the intere.tl of the corpora­tionl done by the univer.ities, and the hir­ing of univenity profeuon and the leaders of large civic and other organi~ationl to make puhlic speeches for them. The article gives names and Imounts and other delinite informlltion but it 100 long to reproduce here. 1 think, howev,:,r. that the above is sufficient to indicate to the reader the po­tential mens(e that lurkl in the uncon­trolled priVAte owneuhi p of public utilitiu and how these corporntions lire debAuching and prostituting our American insti tution. and those of our leading eiti~ens, who above all others. should be (ree (rom auch insidi­ous and debasing inBuenees.

In the same iune of the .ame paper there is anoth~r article tclling of the Iinan. cially succeuful operltion of the munici­pally owned electric power plant in Colb}·, Kan ... s. and how out of the ~arnings of the plant. Colby hIS been Ible to retire II bonded indebtedne,. 01 $200,000 and that withoul having to le'·y any renl Or personal property tax this yellr. But, of COUTle, the Colby plant doun't Ipend large sums out of in earnings ill the debuin!\" of its public educators into con men and confidence sharks selling the gold bricks of corpora­tion propagandll to an unluspecti ng public. Furthumore, from what information I have been able to obtain. where"er public utili­ties are publicly owned. they pay better wa~5 than tho"" under private ownership and as a rule lire dosed sbop jobs. Whereas the privately owned utilitiel, with '·cr)- few eIceptions. are eaITemel}" hostile 10 organiz~d labor.

The gist of the whole matter is this: These public utilitiu companies will spend thousands fighting organized labor to keep from paying a few dolla,. in WSI/:e increllSe~ to the men who do their work for them. They spend millions for JlroJla!,randa and for legislation. in fllct, they diueminate misin­formation and faiBc education tbrough their insidious control of thl' movin. the radio. the press and the Ichools, they deb.auch legislllturu and prostitute the judiciary mlking a force and a mockery of our boasted dernocratic j:overnment and the worst is not yet. for .... h~re there now exilt several big public utilities corJlorations the time i . rllpidly approaching when there will be but one. Whnt lire we going to do about it!

I am not so optimistic or credulous as to believe that Ilate locialism would be a panaen for all the eeonomie ills of the conntry. but I do believe that public o .. ner­s hip of public utilities il the best and only obtainable lolution to thil parti<:ular prob· Icm, and that it mull be brought about in the nellr future If the enslavement of the American people by this octopus of greed is to be averted.

W. WAI't.£S.

L, U . NO. 308, ST. P ET E RS BURG, FLA.

Editor: When you are eager to find something to

think about and talk about-the most dazz­ling thing you· .. e eYer known anything about -there's the l un." That big. round. amilinE

429

orb, IhininE all day long, lIIay ha'"e become so Io<:all)' <:OlIlmOn that one ma)' lCeGrd the gorgeoUI planet little or no attention what­ever. t; .. ery 24 houn of your life. if you have Ipent your time in this neck of the woods. you have leen it. Yet, if, perchance, the re mny have been An occalionnl dnylight period when the great orb failed to show its face, still. you have not fai led to rellp the benefit. o( its shining back of the obltruet. inE doudl.

One of the most charming apostrophel of .. hich we ha .. e any knowled&:e in tribute to the lun ..... written by Sir Da .. id Brewller. the Scottish tcientist, au thor of a lite of Newton, thuI:

"The glorious aunt The <:enter and IOU\ of our 'Yltem, the lamp that Iighll it, the lire lhat heats it, the magnet thlll &:uidu and controls it, the fountAin of color .. hich gives ill uure to the sky. its verdure to the fields . iu rnlnbow hues to the gil)' world of 1I0wer._ and the purple light of l(lve to the rnarble cheek of youth and bellut>',"

Wonderful tributes have been plid to the big, golden pllnet that ~hines 10 glo r iously upon UI; lind why DOt! Its beneficial effects have been fell far and wide. Thouund. have becon benefited by the "sun cure" in thia giorioul land of DeSoto, by the healing quaHtiu of the sun', ra>'I. A notable illuI­tration cited il that of CbArln n, Ford, now a re1Iident of the uSuuhine City," .. ho asc:ribel the ...... ing of his life and restoration of normal physical ~ondition to Dr. Sun'. elrQ('tiye treatment. Mr. Ford ;s nOW en­gnged .. one of t he dty's electrical in_ Bpl'CtoU,

This h only one of many iIlultrntion. lhat might be cited, and while t housands rnay come and abide with uS in lhe quest of pleaeure, Dr. Sun, from hi. diatant dil­jlenllry. will continue to contribute hi. golden belmS of health-an elixir vitae-­and for that .. e are joyously grlteful.

Buk to earth Igain. I .... iIl atate that the boys Ire keeping the home firH burninE and are altending meetin", reK\llarly. We would like to hear from the Brothe" .... ho have Eone north. A letter now and then helps to cheer. The iron wurk is being put in plllce on the Snell Arcade Bulding. and 11150 on the piston ring factory on Obston A'"enue.

The. Don Caesar Hotel at Passa Grille is finishinE up and the only work in light ;. snlall jobs of remodelling. The Could Tire and Rubber Company hAve taken ol·er the old foundry buildings at Old. Mar Ind will uae quite a few motors. We are hiving II

real rainy UllOn this year. I WII lure IoOrr}' to hea r of the death o(

myoid friend and Brother, Dick Venn, of Local No. 212, Cincinnati. Obio. I feel the 10111 81 w~lI III an~' who may hIVe had the pleasure ot meeting Dick. I worked on .ev­eral blE job. with him and a better fellow workman J never met. I hope tl>Rt l.oeal No. 212 will give him the honor thll~ is due him and lay that Brother IIarry Renner feel l the 10111 the same IS they.

Demllnd the label. boy~: it means IIOm.­thinE·

Tnt WOOD(: II OPI'I:R. ----

L. U. NO, 339, FT_ WILLIAM , ONT., CAN .

Editor: Being elf'<:ted to the position of prell let_

retllry and knowing full well the ordelll our lut prell secretnry went throu!l"h for lAck 01 <:orrupondence, I am going to mike at Iflllt on. attempt to let the Brotherhood kno ........ e are very much alive and progre .. _ Ing f.vorably at the "Head of the l..-IIkes." The election of olllcers is o .. er and the follo .. ing selections were made: President.

430

Brothn Ch ... Doughty, reeledtd; vita pre-• idf'nt, Brolher Robert Burns: tlnancial .te­relaty, Brothe .. Frank Kelly. fe-elected; ",­("crdine •• erelat)'. Brother E. Cunningham; for~m'l\. Ilrother FTank Thorn .. ; inlpectors, Hrothen William Gibb and W. Vandcrk ... So with this alatl! of officeu. Loeal No. 339 .hould reach out and upand wonderfully.

Up to date WI! have 1i0 paid-up members compoRed mostly of eitl' of Fort William, dll' of )'o rt Arthur, C. P. It. and Kem Power Company employees.

Sinte fe-ut_bHahing out charter, lome 20 month. IIrO. we have done I'lCceptionlily well. )liot only have we att.in"d the B-hour day, but we ']'0 gained II c('nl •• n hour ;n(reau. rai.ing the rate from n ceM' )l<'r hour to 88 .. "nu per hour for journl'ymen linemen. Our agreement run . out in Mn)', H129, ",h"n we u:pect to get lom~ more. So you lee, Mr. Editor. thlll' , not 10 dUIty.

Situlltcd 141 wc IIrc lit th~ he.,,1 of the lak~s lind being more or I~u isolated f rom IIny other city our members are kept in steady cmployment the yellr round. Tho two chiu keep prllctically the .. me stair all Ih" t Im" and I think the Blm" elln be nld of the C. P. R. Ind Kam Power ('omplnl. There il not much .ttr.ctlon for Iny Ilrother who might feel inclined to come this w.y. Our big drlwbick In thia locality ia the inlide men. lIere are the men who Ihould be the bukbone of our local, but try as we will we can't get one to II&,n up. We have in the nela:hborhood of 60 Inlld" wirem"n in thue two dtiel, not to mention the pulp mill worken and elevator men. and they are gettin, any­whe re, (rom 45 cents to 75 centa par hour. e.n you but that!

WeI have been gathering d.ta of I.te for the purpol" of liunlinr theae men, hut .hether thil .ould h.ve any e!!'ect on them. e\'en If .e get it. remains to be> It'en. 1I0wever, we are living ie the hop" th.t 10llle d.y they will wake up to th" old .d.ge th.t In union there il s trength.

BILL OTwAY.

1... U. NO. 353 , TORONTO. CAN .

EdItor: Th e Ipprentke pl.n for our 10cIIl II

gettin): under wily. At the initilll meetini on Mly :11. there were lome 56 helpen en· rolled. We have a great mllny more now on the 1I1~ lince th" III"t ml'etlni on July 13.

Thue Ipecial ml'etings are for hC!hlerl only. or couue journeyml'n who hll\'e the time .re 11110 welcome. III it il very Inter­eatlni. Ornee,. .... e re elected induding prell_ dent, vic" president, recording leeretary. foremln and inspector..

All helpeu to be registered mUll Ilgn their nlm" In the book Ilnd hllve a card Il1!ed out by one of our officerl. 011 the card I. nllme. lI<.idren, phone number. name of employer. number of year' or month, served wIth present "mployer. length of time .t trade and the nllme o( each tm­ployer worked for.

The Ipprentiee committee. slonl' with the lou\ union executive hurd. hepe to bto .ble to tlke ure of III hl'lpen working at the trade. Ind .n tffort i. to be made to Il'e th.t they get tontinuoul employment from the tim. the helper ngister, until h. be­comel Il journeyman.

The feel for regi l t ration Ir,,: Firat yelt, helper.. regiUration for tint . i. monthl. no charge. Fint le.r helpen • .econd .ix month I. 50 cenh per month: lecond yeDr helpers, for full yell r. 75 cenla p" r month.

At the end of the lecond year In helpers hllvlnl: been registered (o r It least .ix monlha will be I dmitted to the loul union <III rerullr members without the payment or

The Journal 0/ Elcctl-ical Workers and Operatol's

Iny Initi.tion fee .nd their monthly dun will be $2.50 pu month .

We hid. real tUrnout .t the 1.1t meetlnlr and the room ...... filled to caplcity. which I, unuau.1 e\'en for our gener.1 meet.nl', 10 ou r journeymen memben had betler turn out to thl' .r meetings,

Helperl' regilt rat ion hIS been brought up It our meeting. for )'1'8" blck Ind It aeeml now .bout to come into effect. It il I .tep in Ihe right direction. as the helper ()f tod.y will be> the journeyman or tomor_ row. Ir he il to receive proper education • Ioal: trlde union linn he mU'1 be> tlken tar. 01. Although it i •. hard linea on the officer •• nd memberl who hive to .ttend lin­other nita meetinr per month, it i, In for the good of tho caule.

The wago rlltCi for helpen at preHnt are: Second half o f IIrBt year, 20 cent. per hour; 8cfond year. 40 centl per hour; third year, 55 ttlll ta per hour. and fourth year, 70 centl I"'r hour. After li t lellBt three yea,. (On­tinuoua Icrvlce with one employer lind at­tnining luccess(ul nllndinr at th" end of the third year, the fourth yellT .pprentl~e ahllll be loaned by the employer II kit of too" III lilted: 8rlce, hlck .. w fr.me. key­hoie .... torth, IO.inch wrench. 14-inch wren~h. brlce-exlen.ion, feeler bIt. 11 16 Inch lind one-inch .ugl' r bill, ... inch Ind " inch twin drills, cold chisel. % Inch wood chisel, h.mmer. cutting plina lind ~I'C!W­driver. After.t le .. t four yel" continuoul unoice with the one employer Ind be>ing lue­eUlful in obtaining hll journeyman', cllrd the employer shall present to the employe" the kit of toola which Will loaned to him.

The ebove wage rltel Ind condition. Ire tompiled from section 8 of our Irl'1lCmen~ with the contrlctotl.

AIIO in the Ilrreemenl a cI.use It.tea thlt only one apprentice under three ye.,1 to be permitted to every two journeymen em­ployed in elch .hop. Con.ldenble di..,uulon .... IS hid at the meeting the other night over thl. dlule, when viol.tiolll were repOrted lind th" executive bOlrd Will inltruetcd to uke drllitic Iction .Ith membetl violatinll: the agreement.

An Interntin, I.I\lk WIIB given by Brother Shaw. our financilll I""Tetary. regarding the payment of due-. Memben Ire reque,ted to PlY their duel three month in advance, IIC­

cording to conatltution. P. ELBWOIITU.

1... U. NO. 371, MONESSEN, PA.

Edl'or: I mut hurry thill etrulion or luffer dire

consequence.. 1I«()rding to word which rellched mo Illit evenini from L. U. No. 37 1. Brothen. I find thi , Job of preas III'CretlfY , Irying one theH dull timel. ]t', rnthcr hlrd to compoI(' a live letter when buslnc .. Ia dend. What'l thllt? If I were. live writer r could write I live letter! All right, let', go!

The ClN! Club of L. U. No. 371 held ill third .nnual outing over the wHk_end re­cently at C.mp Pauljo •• lon. be.uti(ul Ie­diln Creek In Bulllkin toweship. Did w. hive", l/:0rl'f'Oul time! And how! The en­tertainment left nothinc to be detli~ ex­"'"pt ro .. ibly the . inCin): of Brothen Mac­OoRl"d Ind Grilflth. Chi riel (Jellyhu.d) ItoberU Wit good on the harmoniCI •• , WII Brother Chicone with the cymb.la. Youn truly lind Br()ther Dornlln were puised lind centored .bout equslly for their effort. on their wind Inatruments. The chicken clean­Ing conlell "'IS won by Brother Tacunoucl­kyo whose work wn generou.ly IIpplauded. The chIcken ellting prize w('nt to Brothu Chit'onc. he be>lng given the prize by 'Cell­mltion. Chlrlel (Jell)'hud) Robe>rt.' nndl_ tion of "Hold the Fort," lI«ompanled b)'

Chicone Ind hinderfd by 1I0!!'m.n. W'I I .cre.m. We diapeRlled .Imolt entirfly .Ith the next order of bUline ... \'i~.: I'ractical eleo:uie lubjed., and "'Ided right Into " nve­hundred." "rummy" .nd I midnillht lunch of IIOU p. NGW jun II word more. You Brothe,. who were unllble 10 attend Ihould lure feel db.ppOinted and I don't mtan If.

Now to my brother worken in geneni. A rell week·end get together jGllllleition ill IU~ I good inve!lment: it "in-fulel" I he.lthy comradeahip among III present lind leadl to I mon wholellOme Ipirit Gf mutuII renlpition of the good th,t il in an of UI .

II . G. A.

L U_ NO. 377, 1..YNN, MA SS. f;ditor:

I t hili beer! two months .in~e our Inst lettH to lhe WORKER. Since that time work hna picked up 10 t hat our IIItn IIr~ geltlng In moro t ime. We have visiton here !rOlll UlIUlY

othe r locala-three f rom Law rence, two from SlIlem, one from Lowell, three from BOlton and one from Fall Hiver.

Our new olflcers are liring on III cylinder! .nd one ot thei r first Itepa w .. to bump off (rom work .bout 10 men that were in ar­ruu. Brother Kelveney looked Gver our book. Ind inlisted on thil drlltic mealure. Th"y clme lround .... ith all kind. Gf exCUllel but they do nol n.'ali~ how the loenll Ire ch~ked up by the lnternltlonlll Office And we IIr" plea..,d to see them do thinK'1 in .uch II businesl-like mnnner. Since my 1.11 letter I h ... " been demoted (rom bu.lne .. a&ent of the Building Trades Council back with the tool ••• nd. oh, .... h.t a retid! Three yellrl of .quabble be>hind me. Goody certllnly pie­tured the Igent'. lot well in the MlY illue. I h ... e dropPf'd 20 pound. lince iolne to work. Anothe.r year and I would have b<'en be>yond r~.II.

Th. July iuue of the WOIlKQI II the beat ('ve r Ind it',. sh'me they do not get into the public IIbrariea. May 1 IUlI'gllll til. the t. O. thllt inste.d of sending .il copici to ench locil they send a CGPY te the public IIbrllriel In tho.e dtie. whl're there .re loc.1 unlonl! Thl, mllguine b certainly a credIt to the el~trlcl l workeu. Your humbl~ .ervllnt i, lull ot lugaestionl thil month. We 11110 re· celve. bunch of direetoriea ellch qUllrter 'Ind the members 8eld()m take th~m, and IIIuch printed mlltter left over Is conll,n('d til. the wllte baaket. Abeut one·four1.h of the number lent now would be enough; and now for the catch: If the I. O. would lend eIIch locII enough receipt holden, one (or elCh memDo!r. you would. in my eltimltlon. plene the individual member very much at no In­creaHd COlt.

Y.oun for free lunch. Mc I N£JtNEY.

1... U. NO. 418, PASADENA, CALIF,

Edilor: "Now i. the time (or III good men to come

to the aid of their pnrty," .nd h.vlng arrived whit lbout It 1

Polltlu. being the prevalent topic o( th' d.y, Loc.1 No. 418 .ill no. !rO on the .ir wi th . politit'.l pnamble. D.f'.C. Innounelne.

Th. COn\'ention of one of our "rf.t pol,tlc.1 plrties has jU$t ~n held .nd the other i, in the immedi.te offing. Of the man whG WII nominated It Kiln ... Cily lind the one who, apparently, will be nomIn ated It 1I0Ulon. we will •• y nothing perlOnlll, (o r we know nothing. but we do know tha t lIarry Ch.ndler, owner of th" Lol Anll'ele' Timea and one or the mOil peu"tant enemin of org.niud labGr in Cllifornil, donlted $5,000 to the C.lifornia ellmplign fund of the lI'public.n nominee. IncidentlUy, e hlndl"r il 1110 • foe of the Boulder Clnyon dllm pro_

The Journal of Electrical W01'kers and Operators

jc<;t, becau~e of his land holdingft in old :'Ilex­ico. This project has the approval of orgsnized labor throughout. Cali (ornia and should have Ihe support of an labor men in the U. S. A, Should this bill be passed, during Ihe lam" duck @e~";on or al any time for that matter, it will mean the construction of some 300 mile" of aqueduCt. work for countless m"", the conltmc!ion of an all_American canal. work for man)' more. and of more personal interen to ua electrica l workers, the con­struction of a mammoth hydro-electric sta­tion and a high lension transmission line from Boulder Canyon to the metropolitan district of Los Angeles. some 300 miles awsy. This to Sa)- nOlhing of the flood rel ief for Imperial Valley. All of these things will be of great benefit 10 wage earnen and should be thought of st ele.;tion time. Abo the fact that an opponent of this very beneficial pro­jC<;t donates from his private fortune to the campaign fund of one of our presidential nominees. On Ihe other hand. Congreasman Swing, co-author of the Swing-Johnson bill. which has as ita objective the construction 0( Boulder Darn. has endoned this Slime can­didate.

The religious belief and anti_prohibition stand of the I'resumed to be nominee of the opposing party are none of our busin"SlI and will not be discus"",d here, but the I1:raft charges from New York Cily and other too apparent evidences of big money control can't be overloohd b)' labor. Tn his favor, ttl the "ye$ of all l rue labor men. is his strong Et:md for public ownership of power sites in New York state.

Enough of pre~id(!Rts. We reali~e that practically nil ihe president mCOlns to yOIl and me is his reflection of the tactics and spirit of the party or group of men thut put him in office. It is the Congressmen and Senators who make or brellk thll various !<lv­orable bills offered and it is for them that we must wi~ld Our influence.

The recent investigation of the ao-called power trust, which in fact is still going on, has shown us how these pub!ie representa­

.tiv c!! have been bought and sold and has taught us why it is so hard to ennet favor­able legislation. Think long and hard hefore ell!(:tion time: study your local representa­tive's past record before you east. your vote. In most cases you will find the man who is in favor of government control at Boulder Dam Can~'on i~ also an "dvO('a te of govern ­ment o pera tion of MU!Sl:le Shoals and all other kindred operations. Look for a mnn who has the cou rage of his convictions and Rtay behind him. for we of organi~ed labor have the numerical strength if we will pull together.

Don't be misled by the propaganda of corpotlllion men, and that will be hard, for they ~top at nothing, e"en to contaminating .ur text books. One distinguished g"ntle­man from Georgia. an officer of the :'i, E. L. A .• had Ih~ audacity at a recent convenl;on held in Los Angeles. to say Ihat the power compani"s paid to have our text. books re­yi sed because our educators throughout t he nation were so dumb, Natura!!)" they can't see things al BOrne IlOwer company of­ficiah would have th~m see but we don't call thnt dumbneM.

"Now is the time for all good m~n t o come to the aid of their part}· .. and don't forget s t election lime and all times. Ihere is only one rea l parly--organized labor.

D. ~'. CA~IEHON.

BROTHERHOOD CUFF BUTTONS

. -\c~ il"o(OtI Ic..,kl",," and &~ c" lce­

able, llealLtltullyeo_ $3 75 uU'eletl. In ~olld 1"01,1, per I>"lr, •

In rolled gold, per pair, $1.50

L. U. NO. 435, W IN N IP EG, MAN., CAN.

};ditor:

In looking through the Wi nni peg Trades and Labor Council Legis lative Year Hook I came across an article written by W. II. Hoop of thi~ cily, entitled ';lIu Organized Labor s Definite Role in the Scheme of Man's Destiny?" It is well wonh passing along.

:\Ir. !loop first traces the lot of labor from the individualism o f the hand production age. on th rough the age of coal. s leam and machinery to the electrical age. He then goes on to sa}'-

"The worker, trained 10 Ihink as an in_ di"idual reflecting the 6peciali~ed nature of produ~tion. conceive~ his individualism leading to some form of socialism, which, On close examination. reveals a glorified thcor~' of his own desires, without any practical rcllllion to his fellows.

"The emplo}'er, too, often ;s in the same slate of mind. Caught in the vortex of mass produclion. his mo rality conceives also or II state in which his glorified p~r· sonality shall rule nnd his power to le"y tr ibute be p~rpetualed,

"Parliaments. theoretically designed 10 be locial in cha racter. have not yet got beyond the individualistic s tage. While Ihe guardian of national morality, they have been more the anchor and safeguard of the owners of industry, and organized labor has made very little impreuion On them,

"It would seem that as industry d<lvelops. or~anized labor nIUS] ass ume greater na_ tionnl resp,msibilitics. Indus tries are now becoming so huge that onl,· by co-operat ion can the,r success be mn;ntained. This in­e"ilably carries labor into the administra­tion of economic a/fain lind with it, the re­s ponsibility of organit.ation nnd industrial pcaGe.

"Alrearly the signs are not wnnting in Great Britain wherein capitnl nnd labor propeu to lILY all cards on the table and in the mnj(lr industries admit of the Gov­ernment possessing s ~ontro\ling interest,

"With capital, that wildest o f aU wild beings in Ih~ human family, it is propo~ed Ih"t it will become subject to rule and law in much Ihe same sense 8S labor has found i ts ... l!. It is propo~ed that r~al ~apital shall be distinguished from the isms of the cap' ital; ~ t. It is proposl'd that labor shall fit i~5elf for all ruponsibilities o f carr,'ing on industry, and a s}'st~m of civil service r.lake the selecl ion of management. and that Mp;tal returns shall be r"tionllli~ed in keeplllg with Ihe gl'neral ne~ds of Ihe country.

"This would $u rely place labor in a very definite r ole. and bring within the bounds of possibility, ~ome of the practical ideala so long sought by labor. Pllrli"menis, 8S s uch. might conceivably give place to national economic touncils , where the science of labor organintion in indU$lry might more l'asily soh'e problems of capital. commerce, and trade expansion. Lnbor has wo rke(l, suffered. and organized inlO its uni ons, councils nnd congresses. Individualism has carried production 10 a point where rl'­organization will Boon be inevitable, and the role to be played by organized labor in coming years will be its reward for the pain s of the past.

"Of C"nada it might well be said that. for a )'OUnR country with its many nation­alties and the Ii"bility to rail for nostrums, the labor mo,'ement has held togethl'r very wen and has to ih credit orgnni7.ation and co-operation to II remarkable degree. on two of the lnrgest single railroads in the world."

C . R. ROBERTS.

431

L. U. NO. 560, P ASADE NA, CALIF. Editor:

Local Union No. 660, Pasadena, Calif., held election of officera at their last meet ing and following al"1'> the officers ror the eoming year: T. C. Wilson, president; Larry Chap­man, vice p resident; Lloyd Barne~, Ireas­uter; H. 'V. Huneven. financial secretafY; J . W. Francis. recording secretary; J. E­Bell, firs t inspector; R. A, McGinn. second ins pl!(:tor, and Chas. M. Wylie, foreman.

This 1000al is very fortunale in haying some Nlal Ih'e western he men as members. Brother!! Wilson, Chapman, Wylie and Barnes are there with the nuff, If !!Orne of you Br others could be present at our meet­ings you would think so, too, because we do things out here.

lIave taken in some ne"' members as a re­sult of the organizing campaign put on here. This &eetion, especially Los Angele!, has been cleaned up considerably.

When they come out her~ they sure want to have a card or as Brother Wylie handles them. he ju~t looks them in the eye and says. "where's your card:' and if they haven't any, why they Bi mply evaporate. that's all.

Congratulations to Brother C. R. Green on the baby boy at his house. He has already signed an application to come in to the local, but forgot the initi~tion fee. Dick belie"cs in s tarting them young.

Local Ko. 6(;0 has organized a baseball t~am and plays e"ery Saturda}' aflernoon . H John McGraw could ju~t see Brother Wiley pitch now, he Bure would want. him back again, lie s imply mows them down. a fast ball or two ond then the old slow ball fools them every time. After he gives them the slow one he Serves one still slower, and about that time the umpire yells "You're out."

The Wilson brothers around the ke}'stone RBCk Bure pull off some grandstand plays, and our catche r, Brother Pierce, boys he's a benrcs!. He throws jUBt like II r ifle, and bats; that's where he shines.

We can't forget about BrOlher Barnes /,:0-inl(" out bunting wild ca t •• shot two with one bullet, left h:Lnded abooter . handles a rifle just like he hnndles a hickey.

Our school is functioning nicely under Broth e r Quinn's in~truction and ha$ ,oro"ed very interesting and ~ducational.

J. W. FRAsels, Secretary,

----L. U. NO. 580, OLYMPIA, WAS H.

Editor: Unfortunately, this first communicatien

that haa come to t he JOl/RSAL from Local No. &80 for many, many months is a beater to bad tidingll.

As more than 50 per cent of the inside wiremen of our local have either been idle or nearly so this ! Ummer, Ihe loca l decided at ou r meeling on July II to dose the charter unlil things pick up a liltle. So, any of you fellows who are burning gasoline thi~ BUm_ mer and hoping to pick up a little work on the aide, ! Iecr clear of Olympia.

W. L. :'Il ulR.

L. U. NO. 623, BUTTE, MONT_

Editor: lIere's hoping you are accustomed to sur­

prises. 8S this is the fi rst time thaI 623 has sent in any "copy" for many muOns.

However. this docs not mean that we a re not progressing and boosting along with Ihe noisy onu .

On May I, of thia year, we inaugurated the five d:ty week without any Irouble, and now h"ve a by-law committee out working on Reveral changea,

432

\\ (Irk hu not started up much hHt yet, but we have hope, for the near futURo

Some time ago Local Union No. tOO aprang one on onnmizaliQII that !hould be pushed. We have had II 5111to auociutlon Blnce the first of IhiR yenT, which i, roing strong with plent)' or co-operation,

How's that for II ItIl Ttf:r! Maybe I will improve on my nut otren!c.

JOliN DOUGHI:HT'V.

___ ~R~. ~S~ .• ~L::.... U. No. 623.

L. U. NO. 627, LORA I N, O HI O

Editor: Good apple. and bad apple. are .ome­

timp", found in the .arue barrel Bnd not knowing how to eJauify thne Jinn I leave It up to the Editor, and olfer it .. Louin'. effort to keep in tou"h with the outllde world.

At the pruent time we are having .ome difficulties with tWO of our contUelOn. They violated our agreement in euch an underhand manner that we felt we were better off without auch contractorll In our union. We have R undwich man in front of one of the shopa and h .... e had for the past month. The other .hop we ignore, but we expect to hear from them lIuun. TIII'y will have to conH! to UII for we will not vilit them. Thil difficult)' haa caused .orne of the bo)'" to be Idle but ",e man.ge to 1:'" along ",ith the ",hole g.ng pulling to gether. We h.ve at timel ab01,lt 80 per cent of the boy. working part time and work Is 110'111" througho1,lt Ohio. Even 10

Brother Child .. Cue, secretar,-treA.MIt"r of the Ohio State B1,Iilding Tradu Council, &aid he had the plelUlure of mailing out more building hadu carda Cor thil quarter than for an, previoul QUlltter In the hiatory of the Il.te council.

The council here II going ,reat gunl and a" to conditiona, we have them. with loti of it. Every craft in the county amll.ted u:cept the brick mason. and am pr01,ld to SAy that all are pu[\ing together.

At thi . time we are planning 01,lr annual picnic held Jointly with Local Union No. 129, t:lyria, OhIO, and 10 far we have held our arguments at the home of the com­mitteeman who had the mOlt oil on ice, • 0 Kuen we will do tha ... me ..t the next .. nd la~t n .. ,elinl!"' (A~" CI.u"k ,,,,d iii.) Only Hi intended to have limburger but the l'tlinell got Swiss. 10 we mined a ripe good time. Cha!o lind Bob lleemed disappointed. Tho worthy p"lident, Brother "R.d" Fillion, appuinted the same committee all the I .. t twu years, but Brother Weaver renigged ao Brother Wllrd grac:oull)' conBented to do hi, bit, but we can hardly blame Brother Wea ... er ftlr Itepping out as bUlineu reo quired too much of hil time. Brother Wellver .... as in the fireworks bUlineu, b\"­tween the burglara and fire •. J think he Wa' lucky to save his loch. HII time h now talr.en up trying to flgure out the balance .heet, It ill the boy. seem to feel sore at Brother Weaver for putting on such a nice display of fireworkl without aending any invite!. Doc mURt be feeling younger Ind more IIctive; he hu a Quick way of getting down I stepladder, just I tep off the top. Only it didn't work out rIght In Doc', In_ stance. Slim's taller and raUer and Carl is lome grey, I tbought he wal Santa Ciaul the other day and w • • Iiltenin .. for the ~Ieich bell I!.

Might III this time cln ye Editor'. Itten­tion to the ract thllt Lorain'. favtlrite lOn, Mr. A. B. Wilton is in Washington and if th .. F.ditor is not acqullinted with Mr. Walton It wtluld be worth hil time to be­come so. I am lure this local union would like to know if you have met Mr. Walton.

t notleed thot the f:dittlr'l picture w,..

The Journal of Electl'ical !Yorkers and Operators

rC(juested to be published In the WOI~K I;ll,

but )·ou jllclld modelty. Very good, but I ean it hll5hful. ]!lIVen't leen you or your IikcnUI in 10 10nK I don't know whether yeu ar~ hal,1 or ashamed of the long be.rd, (seldom comeA gh,ry t il! II min II delld).

Good hunting to III! H.Om.E.

L. U. NO. 675, ELI ZABETH , N. J .

Editor: It aure i8 IIOme hot 10 I won't bore you

nor those who take the t'me to give this column the once over. My say this month, Brothe,., III going to be brief.

We hrld our annuli ouling july 14. Ind oh, how it W'I raining. Neverthele .. , tho~ .... ho aUended. Ind then~ were quite a few, had n good time. The committee in chnrge of .f­f.lrs, Brotherl S. Kilner, A. Stillwell, T. Du­I'leBBi. and I ... Gammerer, did well and de­aerve a word of pralae for their good work. The tough break on the plrt of the weather wa. no fault of thel,., the locatlon 110'811 ideal but it "'liS JUIl ano~her calt of ~ina: too bad Better luck next time.

Those who d id not attend the outing, be­.. idea mining II good time will hAVe to ahare the npenae. AI unjuat II you tMnlr. i~ I, It hili been proven the only way to run an affair. luch al this. and not come Oul on the .hort e nd. Innumerable times this queltion hal been Irgued pro and con lout lI.;, i, thu lI,.t tim, it hili been put Into effect. What ha' been the re.ult! The old thought thlt if I min il forced to go he .. ill not .ttend hili been diKarded, II there were mllny thero who never .ttended our outings. A. to tho coat per member, it ",i11 be Imdl in com· parilOn to the enJo)'ment received. Realiu, Brothen, we unDOt alford to htll.t " hi,. expenae 110 Ihare youn without. murmur and prove you have the Interest of the loeal at helrt.

TheY Sly the electrician I, c1l1ullled in the professional ranks. Well from the number in knlckera they IlIre lived up to their c1luUica­lion. Now, Brothers, be naaonlble; those who wore knicken did 10 partly because they looked good In them, and you clnnot den)' that, partly becaUBe it i. the .tyle, .nd ev­e ryone likes to he In alyle. but mOltly be· Clule they are comfortable--If you don't he­Ileve me WelIr them. And have you noticed thM each yellr • few mo" get t he cou rage to ahow their calve.. W('Ir them, Brothcrs, and be comfortable. No, I do not wear them. but I am not ol11'oled to them by IIny mcnno: tlmn lit! ~hanging 110 let', ro along with the ehllnge. prtlviding it i. not too radical.

"'rankie CarulO attended the outing, on crutch.... You have h.ard that .. ying, hut this i. one time you have .een it in "ailty: a little thing like an injured foot couldn't keep him home lind hi. girl friend .howed her loyalty by comin!: alon\r with him. Well, Frank, bere t. hoping It won't be lona: be­fore you are attending meeting. aa:l in.

We have a young lIuthor among "I. lIe I. none other than Brother Reddington , lI il ambition •• hould be respected and he .hould reeeiye every encouragement. 1Ii1 first work will d ... 1 with the prelent day progreu\ye­nen from a point of experience lind II en­tiUed "1'he Amateur Uootlegger:' or '"How I Lon My .. 'ive Duek ....

1'IGUr..

1... U. NO. 696, AL UANY, N. Y.

Editor: There II not much goIng on he re In

Albllny .Ince the list luue (If the WOf<If"'~I . Work il very .Iow. Quite a rew of lhe boya lire out of work. Some of them Iro taking advpnllge or tho Blick lime and are I!"Oinll" 011 vlcatlon trip •.

That new liceliBe law for eleetrieiana i. working. A few of the bllskc~ con~rllctora were arrested {or vi ointing Blme lallt mon~h.

Local No. (J06 h planning for their annunl clam bll.ke the IlIlte.r plrt of Augult, and if Iny of you Brothers ere in Albnny at that time, don't forget to stop and Bce \IS.

Some of the bOYB of Local No. 696 ought to get together and attend I(lme of the meetings. I suppose the warm weather ha. got tho best of them. The meetings are very I"or~ theBe hot nights.

Brother J im Powers il going on n trip to Canada for two weeks, and we all willh him good luck on hiB trip. Say, Jim, watch your Itcp on the flfe·water.

]lOyl, If ,OU ..... nt to hear some fisl; stories, get Brothers Schafer and Scballt together and they can not be beat.

_______ R~. F. TEI.L.lEII.

L. U. NO. 702, WEST FRANKF ORT, ILL.

Editor: This Is a nil'll,' job f,,, me and, .. I am not.

good at writing, I don't know how it will uke with the boy,.

Our election is onr and we have a few lIew officers, clecud a" folio ... :

President, Jllmel Eru1er: vice president, Fr.nk Conditt; recording secretary. R. B. Smith; IIn.ndalseeretary, E. E. Scott; busi­na, IIg.nt, E. E. Scott; tr."u ... r, R. L. Bridgford: trustee. W. P. Holloman; fore­man. "Slim" Ablett; inspectors, H. E. Nonn and W. P. liollom.n; executive board, R. L. Briddord, R. B. Smith. U. E, Nonn aDd W. 1'. lIo11omnn: prell8 lecretary, W. P . lIolloman.

All riCht, L. U. No. 127. we want to hear from you again. How ill "Ra.ty" JOhn1lOn at L. U. No. 84 getting along!

We have a couple of Br(lthers on tbe aick 1i.t-Brolh ... rs Den ShaYI and U. A. HelI.!I.

Brother "Scotty" Chalmera and family are gtlmg to lpend their vacation in Scotlllnd this lummer. n a ve II good time, "Scotly," and at Jesn bring back • label.

The boYI here .re not attending meetinp III they should. W.,,,ld lik .. t., ,..,.. m<lf" .,f thl! boy! at the next meeting. We meet t .... ice a month, IS you know, 110 try to etlme to one meeting each month, .t le .. t .

'rho "CipllCo" had their annual ufety picnic lit White City Pllrk. Herrin. III .• Friday, July 20. I think 1111 the boys and their fam­lIiell had a good time. But I think our "resident ate too much chi~kcn, Burt, how is the lire .]arm; let'. hear from you!

W . 1'. (811.1.) HoLLO,","N.

L. U. NO. 712, NEW BRI G HTON , PA .

Editor: T...ocal No. 712 lind the member. of the

Eledric LcIlI!"UC of tho county pnd a fow m~mhefl of Pittsburgh Electric League for­Kot their worriu for n hal( day on the 11th dll)' of July, and motored to Darlington Lake to ~tt.l'nd l..x~1 Nn. 712',. ~nnlll1l pirnir. Thl' party IItarted at 12:30 o'clock and IMted until (1) Even though it rained m06t of the afternoon, the members hlld a wonderful time, for while it was raining there were inBide aUractlon~. and while it wal rair we had hon~-,hoo pitching, baseball, Bwimming, b(18ting and flshing. and card~ . but there was ntl barnyard golf. 1'he eats were de­]ielouI, for the flrst time we had a lIah tr~' and what 1 mean it wal a filh fr)'. for we hlld 1111 that went witb it. including Iud •. The chef Will none other than JC!18 R. Jacobi . nuiBted by O. C. CUBter lind boy. oh boy, they Bure Cln prepnre and fry fi.h. If you don't think 80 ask Brother E. Cunningham how tho hem WAS, nlao McClain of Slnr Electrie ('ompany IIf ForiI'.

The Journal of Electrical lVorker8 and Opel·alor.'f

The c:ommittee th.t w •• respon.ible for this Included C.rl E. Taylor, c:h.i rman, John Stemn .nd James A. L.nd i •.

After the dinner Charley Piroth, In.t ruc:tor ... t our sehool, was pruenled with II Masonic .charm as a gift from the boy. at the lo.:a1 for what he has done for UI in thll past. He :IIure Is a good old Charley and we hOIMl to lIave h im .... ith u. next school term.

Ceorge (Pop) Wolf made the presentation lIpeech; thanks to good old "1'01>."

This year was the biggest crowd we ever hsd lind here'. hoping we have 8 bigger '>rowd next )·ear. The boy. are all sor ry that A. B. of the International Office, waa not presea!. Well, I think 1 had better aigl1 off lind will uy that work is still slack in ll~aver County.

RED.

L. U. NO. 723, FT. WAYNE, IND. Editor;

Spectacular and tr~endoua waa the un· usual pageant, "The Wh8'Pc1 of Induatry," pre· Hnted a. a climax o[ Ft. Wayne'. "-rge labor celebration Saturday afternoon and evening, June 2:1, at the South Side 1liCh School belere vast numben of union mem­bu., familie! and friends. under the auspieu of the Women's Union Label Leab'"Ue and 10 ladies auxiliaries of as many Ft. Wayne labor onions, ineluding the carp­enten, machinish, trainmen, letter ~Rrrien, .conductOfl and typographicnl uniona.

Great interest WaS tllken by the varioul local uniona in the preparation of floati and displays Cor the parnde. The float bellTing bllnner '"Linemen'lI Union No. 723" showed up most prominently in the parDde, not only because it WaS the largest in Ilxo but also because 20 1100volt Muda lllmpi glowed from various parts of the huge float. Each unioa J?reunted something unique and in_ teresting on its float which served to Ihow in itl own way the part the Jlarti~ular craft plays in the prOgTeU of the eit)"a indu.trial .. eli,·itie1l.

A. the finale o f the program mo~ thaA 300 union members man:hed into the cymnasium {ormina- wheel lpokes and revolving around the eharacterl of Labor and JUltice. Unio,,­made goods and organi:r.ed labor were fea­tured throughout the progrlm. MUlic wAi (urni.hed by th" 1-'t. Wayne Union Band under the di....,tion o{ Prof. J. C. Cafaro.

,\1 ra. Edward Obfoncbain played the part o{ the "Old Lady Who Lived in the Shoe," out of whkh marched 200 small children, who formed the letters A. t'. of I.. In the vaude­ville acts, II ~omedy dance number Wat pre-

sented by children limillr to "Our Cang~ kids, a tumbling a"t WI. given by the plas­terers union and s tango act was given by Miss Lillian lIanl and Vernon Wiebke. An. thon~' M~Mahon of the \inem~n'B union evoked mAny a laugh from the large c rO"'d with his humorous pantomime clown act.

Two aerenaden entertained with clarinet solo" afte.r which It Ityle ~how. displaying union_made clothel, WSI presented by 12 girb, who dosed the act with a dance num­ber. Shart dance ,kitl were given, depicting b::kery girls, loll drink girls and mammoth shirt girlB.

Misl Bernice lIaUman or the ho,iery workers wa. announced Ihe winner of the popularity conte~t, and was crowned "Miu Union LabeL" More than r.oo chara~te", including men, women and child ren, partici_ pated in the progrnm. Mr. Dalton Clark, of Indianapolis, Ii member of lhe United Gar ­ment Worke,. of America, W81 in charge.

Hoover and Smith will have nothing on us when it tomel to a hot po!itkal race; the follo"'ing clindidatH won out at the end of some close ballot;"c It our ",gu"-. Jun" meeting: IIlfry Piebu, pre.ident; Harry Sutton. vice president; Anthony J. Offerle, recording aecretary: Sam E. Evans, trea­Iurer; narry Lou:, Anandal .If'~retary; Wil. liam G. r\orria, fllIt inspettor; Warren Fire_ stine, foreman, and Guy lIall. three year truBlee. We li fe now llIeeting every fint and third Monrlay evening in the Ft. Wayne Federation of Labor hall over the Weatern Union on Cnlhoun Street.

ANTItONY J. OrHRLJ:.

L. U. NO. 1037, WINNIPEG, CANADA Editor;

The aun il shining on both sides- of the len~e, the snow ia all gone end outside of a lillie rain we are. doinC very nicely up north on the prairie. I .... ant particularly to call to the attention of Brother 1'. Elts .. orth, our ...-anhy scribe from Toronto, that it ill not always cold here, and that ..,<fI .re like the S~ot~hmlln ... ho was asked by the English t<flUrist as to whether it alwaYI rained there, replied No! It .ometimea anowed. oori •. you might put the right commas and ex­clamation poinU lind .uch other point. as are reqoired to make good grammar. I'm nO! very .IIure .. hether I got them right and in the right place. Thanks. Hello, Local II. Detroit, if you hll1'e In)' more down there like Brother J. Jae\l::.on, chase 'em up here. lie ia working here for the Winnipeg F'ledri~. AI~o Rrother McLean from Chi~ago b here and uya he likes our

climate lind may atay for a .. hile. The holi­day senon ia approaching and ye Icribe of 1037 intends to sojourn for a pllrt of hi. in the U. S. Some of the bo}'s 1 think intend going aouth and lome north to the beaches. Brother Editor, if you get no lalte r in Augult you will know what ia the matter, but if everything goes all right we'll be ba~k again in due course. Hoping )·OU .... ilI all enjoy your vaeation and thnt you may aU have a vacation to enjoy lind lomething 10 enjoy it witb is the earnelt wiah of 1037.

!/l.vINE.

Airplane Flight by Man-Power Alone

An age when men will loar through the nit like birds, without needing the engines of pretent-day airplanes or utlng any other source or IIrtificial power, is foreseen II. an engineering pouibility by Captain \'Ieto. Dibovlky, who outlined h is views re«ntly bf:fore the Society of Model Aero­nautieal Engineers, in London. The Captain'a model of ent::ine-Ieu flight ia the loa ring ability of birds, espe"ially of the two heav,. bird. th.t fly in this manner, the eaCle and the albatrOIi. liost of the power that these birds uSe in keeping IIloft i. extracted, Captain Dibovsky believes, from the energy of the ",ind itaelf; II suggntion made by mnny pre"iou8 student! o! aeronaulici. The prllctical dillieulty i~ to contrive a machine Ihn will work like the fenthered wina:! of the Ie bird gianh. UBing the up­ward thruns of the wind without being forced down again by the downwerd currents. Captain oibovsky believn that a ma~hine can be constructed to do thl~. U,inl" principlea which he deB~ribed to the Lon· don Society. Beginning of construction on a working model is promised for the 'If'lIr future. Other aeronautieal engineers, while admittinc the theoretical pouibility of ex­tra~ting the power or Ihe .. ind a. bird • presumably do, express doubtl at the I>rac· [ieability of thi. for IIct .. al air~raCt, except to .he limited eUenl possible with prelf'nt motorleu airplanu of "glider" t)·pe.

A Short CI rcuit Wife-WIre ,.ou insulate! Watla Ihe

m.tter! The Other SO per «nt-Fuse ... he~ ......

you'd be late, too. Wife-This is po~itively sho.:king. If I t

happens again, I'll get a switch lind socket to you. I ~onduit, too.-~. Y. Central Linea Magasine.

WINNIN G II'LOAT IN T HE BIG FT. WA.Y?HI P~'r

434 The Journal of Eleciric(ll lIfo/'leaH and Operators

"Stop, Look, Think"-A Plea for Trade Analysis

T IlF. "alue of trade analysla to electrical workers is undereatimnted by the rna· jority of mechllnici. The mechanic with

• power to anah--z., the job requirements. and apply the results of hia analysis in complet­ing II job, is a valuable mlln to any employer.

The question naturally ari!e!, what is this "Trade Anal),!is" lind how elln it help me! The nnswer is lIS follow s , when II definition is Bought for in II good dictionary: "Analysis, clectric--The resolving of II Rubltance into Its elementl by means of electricity." An efficient trade instructor would define analy­si ... lin effort to li.t the ~,roper steps to do 1\ certain job with each atep or operation in II.

logical order. The help an electrical worker can receive from lrllde anll]yab can be esti­mated from ita widespread u~e in other profession!.

Contrary to II popular Ide .. a do.ctor cannot tell what is the mnU('r with you until he hu anlilyzed your aymptom •. From the dGc. tor', IInnl}'8i$ (or dingnoais) a cerlllin symp­tom i. connected with II caU8e nnd a remedy i, prcseribed.

A lawyer. espceililly II criminAl ]awyu, has to be an expert at IInlilysis. For nnm­pie: An important Witne .. III to be eroslI­exllmin('d to combat tettimony previously given. In a ~itu .. tion of thl. kInd, the cross· ex.mining lawyer makes a ke<:>n analysis of the testimony and the pOinta of law involved and prGceeds to cO"er his ana]y,;. step by step in his attempt to discredit the witneu to the .... tisfaction of the judge or jury.

A teacher plan, to tellch a clan lin ad­"anced lesson in II s ubject in which the elaS! has had elementary iutruction. The teach­er Anlllyzes the new lesson'. subjed matter into the proper steps lind proceedl to teach the plan mnpped ouL

Tha clergyman or your pnrticular fnith, who hn l the power to hold your interHt in a long .ermon, is an expert at IIna]ysil. With care the ;mportllnt points of the sermon are prepared bf!forehand and "overed during the aermon. No IIlarm clo.cks are needt'd to keep members awake before a clerRymsn of this sort because every mind follows a well­plannt'd sermon.

The Ipeaker. like the clergyman, mu~t pilin hi. work and then work his plAn and know whe n to sit down. The trouble with the average Bpeaker ift a lack of ability to ann­lyte what he desires to lay lind therafore his audience listens to a rambling Bpeech which tnku II long time In aayinl' nothing.

President Coolidge. In-,hls meUAjl:e to Con­gre ... De.::ember 6, 19~~ I, An elncient ex­ample of a speaker ha\ling something to uy lind saying it with his 6nalylis of importllnt topics "overed thoroughly,

President Cooildge'l An a l)'al.

I. Constru<:th'e economy. 2, Tax reduction. S, NationAl defence. 4. Merchant marine. 6, Commercial aviation . (\, Western hemi­aphere air mni!. 7. Good road,. 8. Cubnn pftrcel post. 9. Insular poueulona. 10. P An­Ama Canal. 11. ARriculture. 12, Protective tnrifl'. 13, FArm loan Iys tem. 14. Muscle Shonls. lr;. F]ood control. 16. I n]and navi­gation. 11. Prohibition. ]8, T he negro. 19, The American Indian. 20. P etroleum conser­vation. 21. Alien property. 22, Railroad con­IIOlidation. 23, Veterans. 24, Department of I.abor. 2l), Publ ic buildlnp, 26, Historical celebrations. 27, Foreign reilitions. 28, American progrell.

In the examples of the application of anai. yal' all of the expert. come from the white "oilar rAnks, Jllr. ~;Iectrtcal Wo.ker deaires

By MAURICE MOR IARI TY, B,,'on

to know, How nnd where ~an I join this "Pllln your work lind work your pllln" legion! A number of example! of trade analYlil u it can be Ipplied to the electrician'. daily work will aUCnlPl to answer the how and where of Mr. }~leetrlcal Worker.

In tho type jobs used it must be anumed that an electrical worker i. lent to IGcate the trouble und make repai". In doing thl, the value of Analysis is stNlued.

Type job-Sparking d. c. motor commuta­tor brushes. Ansly8ia of poulble ~"ug.e:

I, Overload. 2, Brushes let wrong. 3. Poor brush contnct. 4. Commutator rough or off ctnter. 6, Weak field. 6, Armature winding "open" or "short-eircuited."

Anyone or 1111 of theM! eauna produce Iparking At the b rushes. If the electrical worker eliminates one caule after another he will lind the direct caule of the apnrklng.

Type Job-Gene ra tor hill to build up. Trouble Cnuse Analy.ils:

I, Ravers('d field connectiOn!. 2. Brushe. in wrong po~ilion. 3. Wrong direction 01 rotlltion. 4. Speed too low. 5. Open field circuit. 6. Not enough residunl magnetism. 'I. Machine ahort circuit('d.

By eliminatinlf the possible CAU~e5 in the order listed the failure to build up will be located and the repllir completed.

Type job-Repair radio set. Trouble caus.e ana]>'III:

I, Tell A battery for condition. 2. Tesl B battery for condition. 3. Check tubes for emis.ion. 4. Check wiring for loose con­nection.

The list of trouble causes in the order given wi1l al'l'ly t(l nn overwhelming number of diBabled radio Bets. There lIre mnny other rndio trouble cnuses. The four given are of the l}!ll'ular everyday variety.

Type j(lb-Stnrting a C(l nerete bul1ding conduit job, basement work. OIICration InlllYlis:

I, Study plan. 2. Estimate required rna· terilll lind toola, 3. HOUle material and toob. 4. Set up work bench. 5, Pipe Ilr.t concrete form. to ~ pOUNld. 6, Keep leVen Itep5 IIhead of the concret(' poure .. throughout the building. 7, Constantly plnn your work and then work your plan.

E: .. mple alter example could be given for pow~ r houle operators in analy:r.ing the op­e ration steps (If setting- the wide vnrlety of rC ] flY~. or dllrging the vnrlou! types of elel.'lrolytic lightning arresters, o f selting the various forms of lIutomatie power equipment control.

~'or tha lignlilman the many causu of sil(n.l equipment trouble could be ]bted for the common everyday troubles,

For linemen, the varioua kinds of line trouble cau!led rrom lightning and heavy rain storms or the summer and sleet and ice ~torm. of the winter could be analy:r.t'd and ];$ted and enllble a trouble man to go to the point of trouble with the lea~t 1011 ot time.

For fixture aBSemblen lind hange,., the power to prOI)e r ly unal)'ze the job at hand and to work the onalYBia. arm by IIrm to 110,_ ture by fixture towards a completed job is ex· trl'mely ,·,Iuable.

In the telephone indust.)· tha IIbility to IInal)'UI common troubles ot instruments and complete exchanges has been pfllctieed for years. Troublemen with the principal com­paniea go to the heart of an int.erior or u· terior trouble with IImazing rapidity. The large telephone companies lifter yea,. of nnnh'8i~ have aU the freaka of nalura and of human bolings catlliogued for their trouble enuling index numbers.

Regllrdlus of what division of the Brotherhood your craft belongs that t~ mendou~ly useful job tool called "trAde anal­ysis" should be an active membH of your kit. With analysis you take ateps to save step~. RAilroads all over the country have that old familiar si"n "nop, look and listen." MechDn~ ic~ should stop, look and think and, when you do, your mind will au tomaticslly begin t~ analyte the que3tion lit hand.

Strategy of American Labor Indorsed in East

A pro(e .. or. who hili organi:r.ed a fllrm union of 30,000 members is going back to. Japan to coun.el Imita tion of American trade union .tr.legy. He is Dr. ShinJiro. Kituawa, or Wnsoda University, Tokyo.

Practlcal Itrntcgy is someth ing Japanue labor can lenrn from the trades unionism of t he United Slates, in the opinion of Dr. KitA. sawa. pr(lfcuor ot economies in W"Md" University. Tokyo. Dr. KitaMwn, who I. ~pendin~ this summer in study o f labor con­ditions in America and Europe, concluded a sbort visit in lIaltimore.

"Instelld of devoting so much attention to the theoriet of Mane and Lenin, talk of cia .... conseiousneu and thnt Ion of thing. we, in Japan. should go atter resu]ts---higher pay, shorter working hours lind bette r working conditionl." Dr. Kituawa said. " Men have to live. We should get down to earth.

Will Urge ,\me r ican Idea

When he returns to J apan. he mentioned, he will advoellte in lectures and writinl! that hlbor concentrllte on the American idell ot g.:ttlng concrete fCBulh f rom its orgllnization.

Dr. Kitll sawlI used "we" in s peaking ot' Japanese union labor. be.:au!>e he is a part ot' it. He orgllniud the farmers' union , which now has 30,000 memberl, and was its presl ... dent for three yean,

Univ~,.ity men. he explained, are activa leaden in tha union movement in hil countr y.

While Japanne wor kingmen have 8Ome­thing in the wily ol practical deeds to learn from their American b rothers, they have D.C· qui red from this count ry lit least two prac­tical word8-"SCllb" and "picket," acc(lrdlng. to Dr. Kitasawa.

St rike ( ,Util 13 i\Ion! h ~

And they have frequent oceasion to use these American word.. Strikes Are fairl)", num"rou.. Last month there ended whAt tha economilt called the longest strike on record. Twenty thousand worken In the soy 'sauce) manufacturing indultry were out 13 monthl~ he said, demanding higher wagn lind r"""g­nilion of union princlp]el. The strike" were. defeated.

Violence accompanies some of the strike •• the JapRnUe explained. In the 60Y nrike, he relnted, eeveral of the strikers weTIl blinded by poisoned gas.

Seeks to 'Merge I>ar ties

More than 1,000,000 worken, about one­lenth Ihe total In Japan, arc orgllnited, ac­cording to I)r. Kitatawa. Tbey h/lve four political parti .... , and e lected eight men to the Imperial Diet lhia year, he eaid. One of his elrong dulres I, to effect a consolidation of these parties and thus increllSe the poll ... t ical strength of lAbor.

(C·(""hIU,·\l 'Itt 1'8ge ~jS)

The Journal 0/ Electrical l1'orlccl's and Opcralo,.s 435

FREE-LANDS Ca I J'lv or!h,}!

"LlBERTY'S A GLOR I OUS FEAST"-BuRNs

"That," said }'ellx, "I emph.ti~ally quel­tion. Put your Mallorlnp to <'Arn their liv­ing on fifteen to elahteen .hillinp a week, and where would lhey be 1 The Mallorinp have certain virtue., no doubt, natural to their fortunate environment, but of the primitive virtUI'I of patience, hardihood, pc!rpetuAl, almo.t uncon.eloua leU-aacriflce, and cheertulneu In the tace of a hard fate, they an no more the equal, of the people they pretend to be .uperior to than

"No work i, any Joke; but I Jun put it to you: Simply a, worlr. without taking In the queation of re ... .,d. would )'01.1 dream tor I minute of Iwappin, your work ... lth the work of one ot your workmen? No. W<!II, neither would. Mallorlng with aile 01 hia Caunls. So thllt, my boy, tor work which la intrinsically more interelting and plealur­able. the Malloring ~11 a hundred to a thou­..... nd timn more mone),."

.gain to work for hia own good. in hil vege­loble patch, or to lit on a wooden bench In an atmospbere of beer and 'ba«y.' And 10, dead tired, but nol from direding other peo· pIc, he drowaea himself enrly lying again in hi! doubtful bed. III that l!X'gb'l!rllted '"

" I suppose not, but he---" "Haa his compenslltion.: Clean con.elence

-freedom from worry-fruh .ir, .11 the rut oC it! I know. Cle.n conscience granted,

but 10 hal your Manoring, it would I am your equal .. II man of hUBine ... "

"nang It!" wal Stanley'a anlwer, what a d - d old heretic you are!"

Fellx frowned. "Am I! Be honut! Tnke the Ufe ot a Malloring and take it at It. heat: lee how It ,tandl com­p.daon in the ordInary virtuea with thole at on aYera",ely good Ipecimen of a farm-laborer. Your MaUoring ia ~alled wIth e cup of tea. It, "y, leYen o'clock, out of a nlee, clean, warm bed: he Ifeta into a bat h that hal heQn got ready for him; into ~Iothu and boota that have been bru~hed for hIm: lind goea down to ;. room where theu'l a fire burning already If It'l a cold dl)" wrltu a few letten, perhllll, before eating a breakfalt of nlctly what he tikn, nicely prtlp.,ed fo r him, and rending the neWlpaper thlll blllt comforts hil .ou l ; when he h .. eaten and read, he Hght. hll elKar Or hi' pipe and at. tenda to hll dlreltlon in the mOlt IlInltar), and eomfortabl~ f.,hlon; then in hll Itud), he Iitl do ... n to Btendy direction of' olher -people, either b), InterView or by writin&, let­terl, or what not. In thll way. be. t\\'een direct in, -people and eating whnt he llkn, he pa"eI the wbole day, except tbat for two or three houra, lometimea indeed aeven or eight houn, he attenda to hil ph),­lique by ridlnl', motorinl'. playin&, • game. or indulging in a Iport that he hn cho_en for him_elf. And, at tbe end of a/l that. he probably ha. anal her bath that h .. been mad., ready for him. puta on clean cloth .. that have been put out for him, goea do ... n to a good din­ner that hn been cooked for him. Imoke!, readl, learnl. and inwardly dlguta, or elle playa rarda, bllliardl, and artl hOlt till he ia Ileepy, and 10 to bed, in a clean. Warm btod, In a clean, Ifuh room. II that e.aKRUlll'd !"

"No; but when you t.lk of hia directing other -people, you torret thnt he ;. doing what they couldn't."

"lIe rna)' be dolna what they couldn't; but ordinary dlrl'CtivCl ability II not born in a man: It', IIcqulred by habit lind training. Sllppoae tortune hll'] revcued them at birth. the (iaunt or 1"Ylt would by nnw hllve itand the Mllllo.ing would not. The accident thu the)' were not reversed nt birth hat given thl' MII1\o.illlt' n thouundfold advantage."

"It', no joko dlrectln!> thlngl." muttered Stlllllc),.

YOU CAN STILL BEGIN THIS STORY

What shall they do with old Tod? Felix Free land, the e minent noveliat, John Freeland, the state aman, and Stanley Freeland , the captain of in­dustry, brothe rs, have a brother Tod, who is just a common farme r and a laborer_ Tod has a revolutionary wife, And it is jolly inconvenient, don't you know, for a gente el group of brothers to be bothered with poor relations who have troublesome ideas about justice to laborers. But they do, and that makes the story. Inci­dentally, there are some charming members of the younge r generation, forerunners of our own flapper aet, taking a prominent part in this stir­ring tale. As you begin to read Felix Freeland is visiting Stanley'. country place.

Note : If any reade r haa mi. placed his July number, and wishe s to read the opening chapters, we shall be glad to supply extra copies while they laat.

.oem. Freedom from worry- )'ea, except when a pair ot booUi il wanted, or one ot the children I. 111: then he ha, to m.ke up for 10lt time with a vengeance. "resh lir-and wet clothes, with a good ch.n~e of premature rheumatism. Candidly, which of thOle two lives demand. more of the virtues on which hum.n lite is founded __ ourage .nd patience. hardihood and IIl'lf·sacriflce? And which of two men who hllve lived those two IIvel wel1 hilS mOlt right to the word 'aupe r ior'!"

Stllnley dropped the "Review" lind for fully a minute paced tho room witbout reply. Then he .aid:

"Felix, )'ou're talking not revolu· tion."

Felix. who, taintl)' amlllng, had watched him up .nd down, up and down the Turke)' carpet, IInawered:

"Not ~o. I am by no meana a NlVO­lutionll.), penon, because with .11 the good-will in the world 1 hnve been unable to lee how upheavall f rom the bottom, or violence of Iny lort, Is going to eqUalize theae liye. or do an)' good. But I delelt humbug, and I believe that so long .. >·ou and your lbllorinp go on blindly dOling you •• ,eh'es with humbug about dut)' and IUperiority. ao long will you .ee thing. aa they are not_ And until you lee thingl al they are purged, of all that .ickening cant, you will none of you really mo'l'l to make the tonditlon of life more IIIId ever mo,. jUlt. For, mark you. Stanley, t, who

"All thia il my dear fellow."

"No: rank truth. Now, to take the life of I Gaunt. lie aet. up lummer and wlntu much earlier out of I bed thaL he cannot afford time or money to keep too clean or w.rm. in • lmall room th.t probably h .. not a large enough window: Into clothu Itiff ... ith work .nd boota Itiff with cll)'; maku something hot for him,elf, ver), likely brinRa BOrne of it to his wife and children; gotl out, attending to hi, dlge.tlon crudely nnd with­out comfort; worka wltb hi. hllntil and feet from haLt Plllt .Ix or SIlven In tho! morning till put five at night . except thllt twice he atoPI for an hour or 10 lind ellt. Ilmp!<l things thQt he would not altog"ther hllv, cho!en to eat If he could have had hi. will. He gDeI home to tell thut hili been Kot ready tor him, lind hal a clean-up without a .. II· tance, Inlokes a pipe ot Ihal:', read. a newI­paper pcrhnpa two da),1 old, lind aoe. out

do not belie ... e in revolution from the bot­tom, the more I believe that it b up to UI in honor to re ... olutioni:re thing. trom the top!" ~H'm!" .. id St.nlcy; "that', .11 very well:

but the more )'ou give the more they want. till there', no end to it."

Felix atared round that room, where in. dCf!d one wn an body .

"B)' George." he said. "I've yet to Bee a beginning. But, .nywa)', it you give In II grudging Ipirit, or the Ipirll of a schoolmu. ter, what can you expect! If )'ou ofTer out of relll good-will, 10 it i. tnken." And Iud. (Ienl)' conscious that he hed uttered n con· .truel;,·e phrase, Felix cast down hi. e),u, lind IIdd"d:

"I am going to my clean, wnrm bed. Good night. old manl"

When his brother hnd tllken up hi. c."dle­stiek and gone, 8t.nley, uttering II dublou. BOund, alit do"'n on the lounge, drank deep

436

out of hi. ulmbler, and once more took up hil Nerti,,,,.

CHAI'TER VII

The nut day Stanley', ur, fraught wltn Felix and a note from Ciani, moved ,wilUy along the grau-bordered road. toward Joy· ftelda. Lying back on the cII.hioned Hat, the warm air fl.ylng at hi, race, Felix con_ templated wilh dellrht hi' I .... orite country-• ide. Certainly thl, ,ardon of England wal very lovely. ita greennell, treel, and large, pied, In)' catUe; iu very emptinesl of human /.Ieinp even wa. ple .. ing.

Nearing Joyllelrla he noted the Mlillorinp' pork Ilnd their long Georgian houae, careCully Ironting lIOuth. The"" too. WII the pond of .. hat village there .'a, with the "Iual duck, on it; and three well-remembered eott.~. in II row, neat and trim, of the old, thatched IiOft, but evidently rei toted. Out of the door of one of them two younC people h .. d jl.llt emerred, goinC In the .. mil. direction .1 the e.r. Felil: p..-d them .. nd turned to look. Yea. it w .... theyl Ue uopped the car. They were w.lking, with eye, Itr .. leht betore them. frownlne. And Fell:.; thoueht: "Nolhine of Toe! in either of them; n!CUI.r Celt,!"

The eirl·. vivid, open feee. uisp, brown. .untidy hair. eheek. brimful of color. thkk lipl. eye. tbat looked up .nd oul al a Skye terrler'1 eyel look out of ILl Ihaggineaa-Indeed. her wbol. Il~re Itruek Feliz ..... 1-JI'IOlt frighteninrly vit.l: .nd Ihe ..... Iked .. . If .he de.piled the ground .he covered. The POY Will even more .. rre.tlng. Whot a .lunge. pale·d.rk face. ",ith its bilek, un_ covered hair. it, Itr.irht black hrowI: wbat • proud. Iwan' ... eyed. thin-Upped, etralght­noaed young devil. marehlng like .. very lIighlander; though .tlll uther run-up. from .hHr youthfulne .. 1 They h.d come .brealt ~f toile ur by no ...... nd, leanlnr out. he aid:

"You don't remember me, I'm afraid!" Th. po), Ihook hi! he.d. Wonderful eyes he h.d! But the rirl put out her harld.

"Oh uurse. Oenk; It'l Uncle FeUx." They both .mlled now. the cirl friendly,

,the boy r.ther drawn buk Into himMU. And feeling It rangely Imall .nd III .t ease, Fells munaured:

""m coing to _ y.ur father. C.n I give .rou • 11ft born.!"

Th •• nlwer eame .. b. tJ:pteted: "No, thanb." Then. a. If to tone it do .... n,

the girl .dded: "We'v. I'ot .omethln, to do first. You'Ll

lind him In the OKh.,d." She h.d a ringing voice, rull of ..... rmth.

Litting his hat. Felis pIIsaed on. They tcfr, "eoupl.1 Stranle. attraetlve. almost frigh_ tening. Kirsteen had brou,ht hia brothu a lormidable little b~.

Arriving at the (Ottal'e. he went up ill mOlly Itonu and through the w!eket gate. 'I'her, Wat little change. indoed. lineo the lIay', of CI.ra·. vi,it. "ve th.t the beehives hid been moved tarther Otlt. Nor did .nyone Inlwer hi .. knock; .nd mindful ot the girl's words. "You'lI lind him in the orchllrd:' he made hil way out .mone the trees. The gra .. was long .nd ltarred with petall. Fells .. andered over it .monl bee. hUly with the .pple-blo.80m. At the very end he ume upon hi. brother, eUltlng doW'll a pear_tree. Tod "".11. in shirt-Ile.vel. his brown arm .. here almo.st to the shoulder.. Ho .... t~men­dou. the tellow w.11 What !'HOunding and terriftc biowl h. w •• dullnl'! Down ('am. the tree. and Tad drew hi ... rm .. erOM hi. brow. Thl, grut. burnt. eutly·headed hllow ••• more splendid to look upon than even Felis h.d remembered .• nd .0 well built that not a movement of hll limb. wa. heavy. Hi. cheek-bones were very broad lind high: hi. brow. thick .nd ... ther darker thon hil bright hair, 110 that hil deep·Ht. very bille ey ... Hemet! to look out of • thkket; his

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators

level, white tHth gleamed from under hi. t.wny moust.ebe. and hi. brown. unshaven cheeks and j.w aeemed covered with COld powder. C.tchin, ailht of }o'eli:.;. h. came forward.

"",pne),:' he lIIid. ~old Cladstone lpendinl hll leisure culling down tree........ot .11 melan­choly jobs!"

i-'clb did not quite kno. what to .nlwer. .0 ho put hil IIrm within hi, brother'.. Tod drew him toward the tree .

"Sit downl" he said. Then. looking .or. rowfully M the pear-tree. he murmured:

"Seventy year&--and down in Io(Ivcn min­utea. Now we shnll burn It. Woll, It had to go. This is the third year It'. had no blo .. om."

IfIs speech .... a. slow. like th.t of .. m .. n ncelatomed to think .Ioud. l-'ells .dmired him IIkllnee. "I milht live nUt door:' he thought, "for all the notice he'. t.ken ot my turnin, up!"

.. f ume over in Stanle,.'1 ~ar," h. said. "Met your two ~omin ... Ionl'-fln. coupl. they .rel"

"AM" uld Tod. And there W.I .omething In tht w.y he .. id it th.t wa. more th.n • mere deeiaration of pride or ./fection. Then he looked .t Felix.

"Wh.t h,ve you com. tor, old rn.n1" Feliz emiled. Quaint w.y to put itl "For a talk." "Ah!" aaid Tad •• nd he "'histled. A I.rgiah. well·made do", with. deek blaek

coat. white underneatb, .nd • black tail whita-tipptod, eame runnln", up. end atood before Tod. with it~ head rathor to one side and it. yellow-brown eyea .. yinl: "I simply must get at what )'ou're thlnkin,. you know."

"Co nnd tell your mletre .. to eome-lIia. tre .. I"

Tha dog moved hil tall, lowered It •• nd wenL orr.

"A gypsy I'ave him to me;' uid Tod; "belt dog th.t ever lived."

"Everyone think! that of hi. own dog. old m.a."

.. y ....... uld Tod; "bllt this y." "}I.e looke inte!Jigent." "1111'." I/Ot II !lOw ... uld Tad. "Th, IYPI,.

1.ld lie didn't .teal him. but h. did." "00 you .Iw.y, know ... hen peopl. an!n't

,pe.klnl' the trutb. llIeft r' .. ye .... At alleh a monllrou, rem.rk trom any oth­

(Or mlln. "'ells would hue Imlled; but Heinl' It ••• Too. he only .. ked: "How!"

"I'eople who .ren·t lpe.ldn,the truth look you in the f,u .nd never move their .y ......

"Some people do th,t When th"-y ar. lpe.k­[ng tho truth,"

"YII'.I; but when they .ren't. you elln see them ItruRling to keep their .ye. etr.igh!. A dog Ivolds your eye when he' • .omethlng to coneelll; • man starel.t you. LII!enl"

~'cllx liltl'ncd and heard nothing. "A w ren": .nd, Jcrewine up hi. lip •• Tod

emitted a aound: "Lookl" Fells ., .... on the hraneh of .n .pple·tree

a tiny brown bird with. little beak sticking out .nd .. Iittl. tail lticklne up. And be thought: "Tad', hopel ... "l"

"Th.t tello ... :· uid Tod IIOftly. "h •• got hil ne.t there j113t behind UI." A,.in he emilled tbe .ound. Fells ea. the IInl. bird moYe ill head "'ith • .ort ot Inflnit. curlOlity. and bop twiee on tb. br.ncb.

"I e.n't II"I't the heD to do th.t." Too mur­mOn!d.

"'eli:.; IJlIt hi. h.nd on hi. brother'J arlll­what .n .rm!

"Y ... ," he uid; "but look here. old m.D­I re.lly ... nl to talk to you."

Tod shook hil bea.d. "W.it for htr." be uid.

I<'clls waited. Tod ""al gellinc .wfully eccentric. living thl. q-uee r. out·of_lhe_w.y lir. with. crank,. wom.n ~ar .her ,..,.r;

never re.dinl anyth)nl. nuer _ins .ny one bllt trampi .nd animals and -rill.getl. ADd yel, littinl' there belide hil ecc:entric brother on th.t ,.1Itn tr~e. he h.d aD eJttraordinary aen .. or rut. It W&.l, perhapl, but the be.uty and IWHtne .. of the d.y .... ith ILl dapplinr lunlieht brichtenlng the app!o· blollSOm., the wind·llowe,., the wood·.orr.l. .nd In the blue Iky .bove the Ilelda thOse douds ao unim.clnlbly .. bite. All the tiny noillel of th. Ol'f-hard. too, It ruek on hil ear with a peculiar meaning, a Itr.nge ruin .... II if he h.d never heard aueh lounds before Tod, who W.I lookil'll .t the .ky. I.id Iud· denly:

"Are you hungry'" And F.II. remembered thnt they never had

.ny proper me.I •• but ..... hen hunrry, went to the kit.ehen. where • wood·fI ... wa, .I"'.YI burning •• nd either he.ted up (OWee •• nd porridge that WII .lready m.de. with boiled e"1 .rld b.ked potatoea and .ppl .... 01' d .. voured bread. ehHH, j.m. honey. cream. 10-m.toe.e, butt.r. ngt ••• nd truit, th.t were .1-w.ys Ht out ther. on • WVOIIen table, under • mUllin awnlnl; he remembered, too, th.t they w'lhed up their own bowl •• nd lpoon, and pl. tell •• nd. h • ...tn, IInilhed. went outsld. .nd dl'1lw themlelv ... II. draught of w.ter. Queer lite •• nd deuced uncomfortabl_l· mOllt Chlneae in It. reveraal of everything th,t everyona elM w .. doing.

"No," he uid. " I'm not." "I .m. lIere Ihe I •. " Fells telt his he.rt be.tinl-CI .... "'". not

alone In being frightened of thi. woman. She WII eominl through tho orchard with the dol': a remerkable·looking .... om.n--oh, ur· t.inly remark.blel She greeted him without lurprill8 .. nd. ,ittinl down dOH to Tod. s.ld: "I'm glsd to aee yuu."

Why did thil f.mily lomehow make him feel inferior? Th. w.y sh ... t there .nd looked at him .0 calmly! Still more lh. w.y she narrowed her eyu and wrinkled her lip •• II If r.ther malidQul thought. were rI.lnl In ber 101ll! lI,r h.lr • •• il the w.y of line • .oft •• hno.t Indi,o·colored hair ....... Ire.dy IhowinC thread. of lilver: her wAol. f_ and flgur. thinner th.n be had remetwKred. But •• t rlkin&, woman etill-with wonderful eyea! 11.1' dres_Felil. b.d ikanlled many • erank in hi. day_sa not .0 a1armlnl .. it bad one. seemed to Clara: ill coa,... woven. deep-blue linen .nd n"",lework yoke were plea.lnc to him. lind h. could h.rdly take hi. rase from the kin,ll,her-blu. band or IIllet th .. t .h, wor. round th.t sliver· thre.ded black hair.

lie beg"n by li.inl' her CI.r.'. note, the wordioc of wbieh h. h.d bimselt dldated:

"tnal' KlrstHn: "Though .... 1. hsv. not leen each other tor

10 long. f am lure you will forgive m,. wrll­ing. It wou ld give 1.11 BO much plel\8ure If you and the two chndren .. ould come over fo r • night or two while Felis .nd hi, young folk .r. It.yln, .... Ith us. It Is no 1l1Ie, I fear, to uk Tad; but of coune if he would urn •• too. both Stnnley snd mYlelt would be delighted.

"Yours cordially, "CL.o.IU Plt.U:lu\l'ID."

She n!.d It. handed It to Tad, who .lIO rINd it and b.nded It to ~'el;'.. Nobody .. Id .ny_ thing. It was .0 .Itogetber IImpl •• nd friendly a note that Felis felt pl .. Nd with it. think!nl: '" uprllSed tb.t wtlll"

Then Too aid; "Go .head, old mant You've lOt IOmethinC to uy .bout the yoongat.ra. haven't you 1"

How on .. rtlI did he kno .. that 1 lIyt then Ted A.d • IOrt of queer pretc1t!nee.

"Well," h. broul'ht out witb .n elfort. "don't you think It' •• pity to embroil YOII I' young peopl. In villale troubl_? We've been he. r inll' from Stanley--"

The Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

Kirsteen interrupted in hn calm, stacc.to voice with ju.t the faintest Ibp:

"Stanley would not undentand." She had put her .rm through Tod'" but

never removed ber eyea from her brother.in· 1 ... '. face.

"Possibly," Did Felix, "but you mUlt re­member th.t Stanley, John, .nd myself rep­resent ordinary-what .h.n we say-level. headed opinion."

"With which we h.ve nothine in common, I'm .fraid."

i'elix el.nced from hn to Tod. The fellow had hi. head on ona side .nd .eemed hllen­ing to IIOmethlng in the dinance. And Felix relt a cer tain irritation,

"'t'a all very well," he laid, "but I think you ",ally have iot to look at your children'l future from a larger point of view. Vou don't lurt' ly want them to fly out against thinga before they've had a chanu to let! life for themaelves."

She aDlwered: "The chUdren know more of life than mOlt

young people. They've leen it dose to, they've leen its realities. They know what the tyranny of the countrylide meanl."

"Ves, yel," said Felix. "but youth il youth."

"They are nnt too young tn know and feel the truth."

. 'eliJ: wu lmpr eued. 11011' tho$e nsrrow­ing eyn Ihnne! What conviction in that f.intly lilping ... oke!

"I am a fool for my pain.," he thouiht, and only .aid:

"Well, what sbout thia invitation, .ny­way!"

"Vel; it will be just the thing for them at the moment."

The wOrdl had to Felix a some ... hat lini .. ter import. He knew well enough that .he did not mean by them what othe~ would have meant. But he .aid: ;'When shall we ""pect them! Tuesday, I Ru ppose, would be beat for Clara, after her week-end. Is there no ~hance of you and Tnd!"

She qu.intly wrinkled her lip. into not quite a Imile, and anlwered:

"Tod ,h.lI.ay. Do you hear, Tod!" "In the meadow. It wu there yuterday-

tint time thl. year." Felix Ilipped his arm through hia brother's. "Quile .0, old man." "What!" &lid Tod. "Ah! let's go in. I'm

a ... fully hungry." Sometimel out of a calm aky • few drop.

fan. the twigs rustle, and fir away il heard the muttering of thunder; the travellH thinks: "A atorm somewhere abouL" Then an once more h 10 quiet and peaceful that he forgen he ever had that thought, and goes on hi, way cart'leu.

So "'ith Felix returning to Becket in St.n· ley's ca r . That woman'. face, thOH two young he. then_the unconscious Tod!

Thero was mischief in the air above that little hnuaehold. But once more the smooth gliding of the cushioned car. the soft peace of the meadowl so permanently at gr.u, the churchu. manlinnl. cott.ge! embo .. ered among their elm., the Ilo .. ·n.pping night of the rooks .nd cro .... lulled Felix to quietude, and the raint far mutterini of that thunder died away.

Nedda ..... in the drive when he returned, gasing at • nymph set up there by Clara. It WIS a good thine, procured from Berlin, well kno .. n for lICulpture, .nd beginning to gre<!n over alre.dy. al though it had ~n there a long time--a pretty creature with shoulders drooping, e)'1lI tnndestly CBBt dnwn, and a Ip.rrow perching on her head.

'·Well. Dad!" "They'rt' coming." "When !" "On Tuudly-the younglten, only." "You mliht tell me a little .bout them:'

But Felix only smiled. m. po ... ers of de­ac:ription faltered before that tlBk; and, proud of tbole powers, he did not choose to .ubject them to failure.

CUAPTER VIII

Not till three o'clock that Saturday did the Bigwigs begin to come, Lord and Lady Britto fint from Erne by car, then Sir Ger. ald and Lady Malloring, also by car from Joyfielw.; .n early afternoon train brought thrfl' memhers of the Lower 1J0use, who liked a round of a:olt--Colonel Martlelt, Mr. Sleelor, .nd Sir J ohn Fanrar-with their wh'es; also Mill Bawtrey. an American who went everywhere; and Moonome, the land· $Cape,plinter, a short. very heavy man who went nowhere, and th.t in almos t perfect l i!eMe, which he afterward avenged. By. train almost lure to bring no one else came Literature In Public AITaira, alone, Henry Wiltram. whom some believed to have been the very first to ha"e ideAl ahout the land. He wa. fnnowed in the 116t pouible train by Cuthcott, the advanced editnr, in his habitual hurry .• nd Lady Maude Ughtred in her beauty. Cllr. 11'16 pleased •• nd laid to Stan­ley, while drusing, that almost every shade of opinion abnut the land 11'16 represented this week·end. She was not. she said, afraid o f anything, if she could keep Henry Wi!. trsm and Cuthcotl apart. The HOUle of ('ammon. men wnuld, of course, be III riKht. Stanley assented: "They'll be 'fed up' with t.lk. But how about Britto-he can lome· times be very n.sty, and Cuth~ott'. been pretty rough on him, in hi. r.g."

Clara had remembered thst, .nd Ihe wa. putting Lady Maude on one side of Culhcott, and Jl,foorllOme on the other. 110 that he would be q"ite .. Ie .t dinner, and afte ...... rd­Stsnley mUll look out!

"What have ),ou done with Nedda!" Stan­ley asked.

"Given her to Colonel ?tartlcH, with Sir J ohn Fanfar on the other .ide: they both like somethin,. fresh." She hoped. ho ... ever. to foster a discussion, 10 that they might re.lIy get further this .. eek·end; the oppor. tunity waa too good to throw IWay.

"H'm!" Stanley murmured. "Felix said lome very queer things the other night. lie, lno, might make ru~tion •. "

Oh, no!-Clara pe~bted-Felix h.d too much good tute. Shl thought that lome· thing might be coming out of lhil ~ca.ion, something .1 it were national, that would bear fruit. And watching Stnnley button­ing hil braces. she grew enthusiastic. For. think hnw s plendidly everything was repre· sented! Britto, with his view that the thing had gone too far, and all the little effortl we might make now were no good, with Can ada and those greatlpace. to outhid anything we could do; though ahe could not admit th.t he Wal right. there was a lot in what he aaid: he had great gifts-and some day might­who knew ? Then then w., Sir John-Clara punued-... ho was almon the father of lhe ne_ Tory policy: Allin the fl1'men to buy their own land. And Colonel M.rtlelt, rep­.... I!('nting the older Tory policy of: WhIt the de ... i\ would happen to the landownen If they did! Secretly (Clara felt sure) he would never go into a lobby to support that. He h.d .aid to her: "Look .t my hrother James'. property: it ... e bring thia polky in, .nd farmers take advantage, hil house might at.nd there any dly without an acre lround it." Quite true--it might. The ".,me might even happen to Becket.

Stanley grunted. ExacUy!-Cllra went on: And that was

the beauty of having got the Mallorinp; theirs 11'11 luch a steady point of view, .nd Ihe wal not .ure that they weren't right, and the whole thing really a question of model proprietorship.

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"n'm!" St.nley muttered. "Fellx will h.ve his knife Into th.t."

Clara did not think that mattered. Thl thing .... to get everybodY'1 opinion. Even lIr. Moorwme' ... ould be valu.hle--if he weren't .a te rrifically Bilent, for he must think. lot, litlin&, all day, a. he did, paint_ ing the land.

"lJe'a a heavy allll," said St.nley. Yea; but Clar. did not ... iah to be narrn ...

That was why it 11'" 10 splendid to h.ve got Mr, SleellOr. If .nybody knew the Radical mind he did, and he could give full force to what one always felt 11' • • at the bottom of it-that the Radicala' real lupporten were the urban daues, 110 that their policy mUlt not go too f.r with "the L.nd:' for fear of ",eming to neilect the townl. For, after nil, in the end it wal out of the pockets of the towns lhat "the Land" would have to bl financed, .nd nobody really could expe~t the towns to iet anything out nf it. Stanley paused in the Ildjustment ru his tie; hi. wife WIS a s hrewd woman.

"VOu've hit 5t there." he said. "Wiltram will give it him hot on that, lhoUih."

Of coune, Clara .ssented. And it w.a m.gnificent that they had got Henry Wil· t ram, with hi' idealism nnd hi l really heavy corn tax; not caring what happened to the Ituntfod productl of the town_nd they truly ... en stunted, for all that the Radica" and the haU_penny pre .. uid-till at aU cona we could gro ... Our own food. There was a lot in that.

"Yes," Stanley muttered. ".nd if he geu Gn to it •• hln·t I have a jolly time of it In the smoking·room! I know whst Cuthcott's like with hll shirt out."

Clar.'1 eyea bril"htened; .he waa very curio oua herself to see Mr. CuthcoU with hi_ that i •• to hear him expound the doctrine he .... " alwaYI writing uP. namely, that "the Land" Wat gone .nd. Ihort of reVolution, there was nothing for it but garden citle •. She had heard he was 110 cutting and fero_ cious that he really did seem at if he hated hi. opponents. She hoped he .. ould get a ch.nce--perhapI Felix could encourage him.

"Wn.t "bout the women!" Stanley aaked .uddenly. "Will they stand. political pow­wow! One must think of them a hit."

CIIl" had. She was takini a fare"'ell look at herself in. the lar·away mirror through the door into her bedroom. It wu a mis· take-----she .dded-to su ppose thst women were not interested in "the LAnd." Lady 8ritto wal most intelligent, and Mildred Manoring knew every cottnge on her esta te.

"Pokes her nose intn 'em often enough," Stanley muttert'd.

Lady Fanbr again, and M,.. Sleeaor. and even Hild. M.rttett, were interested in their husbands, .nd Mil! Bawtrt'y, of coune, in­tere$ted in everything. A. for M.ude Ughtred. all t.lk would be the Bame to her: s he was al .... y. week·ending. Stanley need not worry-It would be a ll right; lOme re.1 work would get done, some real advances be made. So D,ing. Ihe turned her fine shoul­ders twice, Gnce this way and once that, and went out. She h.d nevcr told even St.nle1 her ambition th.t at Beckel. under her tegie. should be I.id the foundatlon·stone of the re.1 scheme, whatever It might be, that should rt'generate "the Land." Stanley .. ould only h.ve lauihed; even though it .. ould be bound to make hiro Lord Fre<!l.nd .. hen it came to be known lOme d .y ..•.

To the eyea .nd earl of Nedda thst even. ing at dinner, all was new indeed, and all wonderful. It wal not that ahe was un.c· custnmed tG lOC.'iety or to conversation. for to their house at Hamplte.d m.ny people came, uttering mlny ... orda, but both the peo_ ple and the worda were 110 very different. After the flnt blush, the nnt reconnaiu.nce of the two Bll'wi&'1 between whom ahe B"t,

438

her eyea WloMld at ray and her tau would only h.lf lialen to them. Indeed. hall her Uri, Ihe won found out, were quite enough to deal with Colonel Martlett and Sir John Fanbr, Aero .. the au.le .. abe let her "lance eomo now and again to Inehor on her rather', face, and u:chan/red with him. moat enjoyable blink. She tried once or twice to get lkroll&,h to Alan, but h. w .. a1waYI eating; he l()(lked very like. youn&, Unele Stanl~y thi, evening.

What wu ,be ll!(!ling! Short, quick nab. of aelt-c:onll:louane .. as to how ahe was look. ing; a sort of .tunned excitement due to aheer noiN! and the number of thlnga otrered to her to eal and drink; keen plellBure in the eOllllCloulnUI that Colonel MUllett and Sir John Fanlar lind other men, e.peeial1y that nice one with the straggly moult_ehe who looked I. il he ,.,ere raing to bite, glanced at her when they thought ahe w .. n't looking. If only she had b~n quite certain that it w .. not beeaulO they thought her too young to be there! She.felt a IIOrt of continual ex­hilaration, that thl. Will! the great world-the world where Important thlngl were laid and done, together with an intenlO liltening u­pectaney, and a HnH mOlt unupec:ted and aimolL frightt'nlng, that nothing important ",al being .. Id or would be dont'o But thil abe knew to be impudent. On Sunday enn· inp: at home people talked about a futurt' uiltence, about Niet.uc:ht', Tol.lOy, ChiuO-H pic:turea, pon·lmpreuionism, and would Iud· denly gtOW hot and furioul about peace, and Straun, juaUce, marriace, and De Maupal­.. nt, and whether people were 101ina; their lIOula throu,h materialism, and IIOmetlmea one of them would it't up and walk about the room. But toni/Cht the only wordl Ihe could catch were the namci of two pollticianl whom nobody leemed to approvo of except that nice one who waa going t.o bite. Once very timid­ly ahe .. ked Colonel Martlen whether he liked Strou .. , and wal puuled by hit answer: "Rather ; thote 'Talea of HolTmann' are rip· pin', don't you think! Vou so to the opera mucb!" Sbe could not, of COUrlO, know that the thought which inatantly roH within her WII doinl" the (Overninc cla_ a ~ve in­jUltic_lmolt ,n of whom .ave Colonel Martlett knew that the "Talel of HolT_ mann" were by one Ofl"enbach, But be­yond all thlnga abe felt ab, would never, nenr INrn t.o talk II they were all talkinc_ quld:ly, 10 continuoully, 10

without carina; whetber everybody or only the penon they were tllking t.o heard what they .. Id. She had alway. relt that what you ... id "" only meant for tha peraon you ... id It to, but here in tbe great world ahe mutt evidently not say anything that "'" not meant for everybody, and ahe felt ter­ribly that the could not think of any thin, of that IOn to uy. And luddonly she begnn to .... ant to be alone. That, however, """ lurely wicked and wasteful, when Ihe ought to be learning auch a tremendoul lot; and yet, what WII there to learn! And liltenlng juat luffic\enUy to Colonel Mnrtlett, who WII telllng her how great a man he thought a certain general, Ilhe looked almOlt dupair­inCly at the one who WII lolng to bite. lie ... quite anent at that moment, ,uin, at hia plate, which wal Itrangely empty. And Nedda thought: "lie hu jolly wrinkles about hia eyea, only they migbt be heart dillealO; and I like the color of hia facf', 10 nice and yellow, only Ibat Milhl.be liver. But I do like him-I wilh I'd been .lttin&, nut to him; he looh real." From that thought, of the reality of I mnn ",ho .. name abe did not know, ahe paned auddenly into the feeling that nothin&, ellO of this about her WII real at al1, neither the talk nor the (acel, not even the thlnp Ihe waa eating. It ...... all a queer, bunln&, dream. Nor did that aen.a_ tion of unreality ceaae when her aunt began collecting her Klove., and they trooped (orth

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators

to the drawin,. room. Tbere, IOIted be­tween Nfl. SIHlOr and wdy Britto, with Lady Manoring 0ppol ite, and Min Bawtrey leaning o~·er the plano toward them, ahe pinched herself to get rid o( the feeling that, when all these were out of li,ht of Nch other, they would become ailent and have on their lipi a little, bitter amile. Would It be like that up in their bedrooma, or would it only be on ber (Nedda'a) own lipa that thla little amlle would come! It WI! a question ahe could not anawer; nor could ahe very well aak It of any of the .. ladies. She looked them over &I they lat there talkin;, and felt very lonely. And luddenly her eyu fell on her IIrandmolher. ~'rllnceB f'reeland WIl'

aeatcd halfway down the long room In a lin, dalwood chair, lomewhat insulated by a lut­rounding lea of pollahed 1100r. She .. t with a Imlle on her IIPI, quIte Itill, lave for the continual movement of her white handa on her black lap. To her gray hair IIOmll lace of Chantilly wlS pinned witb a little diamond b~h, and huna; behind her delicate but rather long eafl. And from her ahouidefl 110'11 depended a ailvery garment, of ItUft' that looked like the mall ahirt of a fairy, reaching the eround on either aide. A tacit agTeement had evidently been come to, that Ihe WII incapable of diac:uuinC "the Land" or tho .. otber lubJecu .uch II the .'rench murder, the Ruuian opera, the ChlneH pic· turea, and the dolngl of one, L---, whOle fate wn. Just then In the air, 10 that ahe tat alone,

And Nedda tbought: "How much more of a lady Ihe loob than anybody here! There'a lomethln&, deep in hor to reat on that lan't in tho mltwi,,; porhapi It'$ betau .. Ihc'. or a different generation." And, &'Otting up, Iho went over and .. t down heaide her on a little chair.

.'rance. Freeland ro.e at once and .. id: "Now, my darling, you can't be comfortable

In lhat tiny chair. Vou mUlt take mine." "Oh, no, Granny: please!" "Oh, yell; but you mUlltl It'l 10 comfort·

able, and I've aimply been longing to lit in the chllr you're In. Now, darling, lo ple .. e me!"

SOC!ing that a prolonged IItru,gle would follow If .he did not get up, Nedda row and chan,ed chain.

"00 you like thue week·end., Granny!" Franc:ea Freeland _med t.o draw her amile

more reaolutely acro .. her (a«. With her perfect articulation, In which there 111''', how· ever, no trace of blgwlggery, she anlwered:

"I think they're mo.t interesting, darling . It'a 110 nl~ to see new people. or eaurlle fOU don't aret to know them, but it'a very amu.­ing to wa(('h, especially the head,dreuell" And linklnK her voice: "Just look at that one with the fellther going straight up; did you ever see such a guy 1" and aho cackled with a very genUe arehneu. Gazir'ljf at that almon pricele .. feather, trying to reach God, Nedda felt .uddenly how completely ahe WII in her grandmother', little camp; how en· tlrely Ihe dilllkcd blgwllUCery.

Francea Freeland'. voice brouKht her roand .

"00 you know, darline, I·ve found the m05t Iplendid thing for eyehrows! You JUlt put a little on every night and it keepi them in perfect order. I mu.t give fOU my little pot."

'" don't like c-reaae. Granny." "'Ohl but tbia il n't creue, darling. It'a a

lpeelal thing: and you only put on Juat the tiniest touch."

Diving .uddenly Into the receue. or lOme­thin&" ahe produced In exiguoul round ailver box. Prizing It open, ahe looked ovcr her .houlder at the Blgwlp, then placed htr lit_ tlo flnKer on the contenta of the little box, Rnd aRid very IKIHly:

"\'01,1 jUll take the merelt touch, and you

put it on Uke that, and it keepa them to-­retber beautlrully. Let me! Nobody'U see!"

Quite well undentanding that Ihia WII all part of her grandmother" pa .. ion tOt put­tin&' tbe but faee upon thlnp:, and having no belie( in her eyebrowa, Nedda bent torward; but in a audden flutter of fear lut the 8i,· wip mllht oblle"e the operation, ahe drew batk, murmuring: "Oh, Granny, darlingl Not ju.t nowl"

At that moment the men CRme In, and, under cover of the nece .. ary confu.lon, ahe alipped away inlo the window.

It w .. pl(('h·black ouuide, with the moon not yet up. The bloomy, peaceful dark out there! Wj.tllria and early to,e" clulterin, in, had but the gholt of color on thei r bloasoml. Neddl took I rose in her flngen, feling with delicht ita 10ft fragility, iu cool· neu again.' her hot palm. lIcre in her hand WII a living thing, here 110'11 a little IOUI! And out there in the darkne .. were millions upon mllliona 01 other little lIOula, of liUle name·like or coiled·up Ilhapes alive and true.

A voice behind her ... id; '·Nothinc nicer than darkneu, ia there!" She knew at once it wa. the one who Wlft

going 10 bite: the voice "'" proper for him, having a nice, Imothery lOund. And look­ing round gratefully, Ihe .. id:

"00 you like dinner_partlea!" It w .. jolly to .. atch hil eyo twinkle and

hil thin cheeka puff out. Ue .hook hia head and muttered through that .trllggly mou ... lache:

"Vou're a nlec.e, aren't you! I know your fathe.r. lie'. a bie man."

Hearing tholll word! apoken of her fath-er, Nedda flushed.

"Yes, hll I.," ahe Baid feryently. Her new acquaintance went I,In: "Ue'. goL the gift of truth-.:an laugh at

hlmseit II well II othera; that'a what makea him precloua. Thelll hummlng·birda here to­night couldn't raise a ImHe at their own tom· foolery to lave their lilly 101,111."

lIe apoke IliII in that voice of Imothery wrath, and Nedda thought: "He ia nice!"

"They've been talking about 'the Land' "­he railed hla hands and ran them through hi. palish hair-" 'the Land!' Heavenly Father! 'The wnd!' Why look It that fe\low!"

Nedda looked and law a man, like Richard Coeur de Lion in the hi.tory booka, with a atraw-eolored mGUlltache Jult ,olnc ~y.

"Sir Gerald MaUorinr-hope he'l not a friend of youra! Divine right of land own­era to lend 'the Land' by the nOBel And our (riend BritlOl"

Nedda, following hi, eyel, .. w a robUlt, quick·eyed man with a luan inaolence in hia dark, dun·lhaved race.

"Becauso at heart hc'a Just a lupercilioul ruffian, too ('old·blooded to fecI, he'll demon· strate that It'l no u~e to fC('l-wute of vnlu· able time-hat valuable!-to act in any di· rection. And that'a II man they believe things of. And poor Henry Wlltrsm, with his pRthetic: 'Grow your own food-maxi­mum ule of the land as a food'producer, and let the relt take care of Itself!' AI if we weren't all long past that feeble individual­iam; II if In thelll day. of "orld marketa the land didn't atand or fall in thi. country al a breedlng-arround of health and stamina and nothing e1le. Well, wem "

"Aren't they really iR earnell, thenl" asked Nedda timidly.

"Mi .. Freeland, thil land quotion II a per­fect tragedy. nar one or two, they all want to make the omelette without breaking eggs: lI"ell, by the time they begin to think of hreaking- them, mark I'll_there'll be no egg! t.o break:. We Ihall be aU park and auburb. The real men on the land, what few are left, are dumb and helpIeu; and thOle fellowl he re for one reason or another don't mean bUlineR_they'l] talk "'-nd tinker and top·

The Journal o[ Electrical lVorkers and. Operators

dre._thal'. alt. Doel your father take any Interelt In thia! lie could write tomethinc very nlce. H

"lie taku Interut in everything," .ald Nedda. "Pluae co on, Mr.-Mr.-" She w .. terribly drlid he would uddenly remember lhat Ihe w .. too young ,nd atop hi. niee, angry talk.

"Cutheott. I'm an editor, but I waa brought up on , farm, and know IOmethlnc about it. You He, we }:nClllh are lTum­bIen, anobl to the blck-bone, want to be IOmethlng better than we are; and educltlon now,da,.a ia all in the direction of dnplalng "'hat ill quiet and humdrum. Wa never wera a atar-at-home lot, like tha Frenc.h. That'. at the back of tbia bu.inea.-they rna,. treat It .. they like, Radicala or Torle&:, but If they can't get a fundamental chanre of opinion In­to the national mind a. to what I. a una and profitable life; it they can't work a ravolu­tion in the .pirit ot our education, they'll do no good. There'll be lot. of talk lind tinker· ing, IIrllTi and tommy·rot, and, underneath, the land-bred men dying. dylna: aU tha time. No, madam. indultriRlilm and velted Inter­eata hua lot UI! Blr the molt ItrenUOUI nationa! huoilm. there'l nothln, for It now but the rarden tity!"

"Then. If we ",er, all heroic, 'tha Land' could It ill be Hved!"

Mr. Cuthcott Imiled. "Of COU!'1e we might have a .:uropean war

or lomelhing that would Ihake every thin" up. But. short of that, when was II country eve r consciously Ind homogon\!oully herole-­except rhinn with Its opium? When did It ~ver deliberlltely change the Bplrlt of Ih edu­cation, the trend or ita ide".1 when did it eyer, or h. own free will, lay ill Yelted In_ te relll on lhe Iitar ; when did it ever IIY with a convinced and reaolu~ hurt: '1 will be healthy and ,Imple bdor~ Inythlng. ,. will not let the love of IInit)' Ind nltuul conditionl die out of me!' When. Ml .. Free­lalld, when!"

And looking 10 hard at Nedda thllt he almon winked. he Idded,

"You hue tha adYant age of me by thlrt), yeau. You'll aee what J Ihall not-tilt! lut of the Enrll,h pe"lI.nl. Old you ever read '8rewhon,' where the people broke up their machinel! ]t wlll take nlmon that lort of nationll heroilm to lave wh't'. left of him, "yen."

For IIna.er, Neddl. wrinkled her brow, horribly, Before her there had tome a "I.ion of the old, lame man, whOle nlme Ihe hid found out WII Clunt, Itandine on tbe path under the epple-trea, lookin, at that little somethinjf he hid taken from hil pocket, Why ahe thought o( him thul luddenl}' Ihe had no idea. and .h" Hid quickly:

.. It'l awfully interuting. I do .0 want to hear about ·tlle Land.' I only know I little about Iweated workers, b«auJe I lee lome· thillg ot them."

" Ie. all o( II piece." laid Mr. Cutheott; "not pOlitic, at all, but rellgion-touchn the pOlut o! nationll lelf-knowlNge and bitll, Ihe point of knowinc what we want to be­come and of retOlving to become It. Your hIller will tell you that we hue no more idea of that at preaent tllan a tat of It I own ch"mical compolition, AI for theae rood pM.

pie here tonight-I don't wlnt to be diare­lpectful, but If they think they're within a hundred mil .. of the land que.tion, I 'm a­I'm a Jinll'G--more I can't lay."

And ... if to cool hla helld, he leaned oul of tile window.

"Nothlng I, nicer thin dnrknUI. Ma I laid JUlt now, bHIUIIe you can only Ice the way you mull go Instend of a hundred ftnd fifty way. you ",ill'IIt. In darkne .. your lOul II something Ilke your own; In daylight, lamp. light, moolllillht, never."

Nedda', Ipirit gave a jllmp; he leemed

aimOlt at lalt to be going to talk about the things Ihe wanted, above all. to find out. Her cheeh went hot, Ihe clenched he r hindi lind .. Id resollliely'

"Mr. Cuthcott, do you believe in God!" Mr. Cuth~ott made a queer, deep litt le

Iloi~; it WII Ilot a laugh, however , and it aeemed a. If he knew .hll could not belr him to look It he r just then.

"U'm!" hll Hid. "Everyone doel thal­IttOniing to their nltUrei. Some eall God IT. I50me 111M, I'Ome HElt, nowada)'.-that'a aiL You mirht II well IIk-do I believe tbat I'm alive!"

"YelI," aald Neddl, "but which do 1'0" nU God!"

A, Ihe a!ked that, be ,.ave a wriggle, and it H .. hed throul'h her: "Ue mu .. t think me an awful II"/OJ" lerriblt/" Hia face peered round at her, queer and pille Ind puffy, with nice, IIrlight eyea; Ind she lidded hlltily:

" I t isn't a fair Ilueition, b it? Only you talked about darkne .. , Ind the only WlY-80 I thoul'ht--"

"Quite a fair queation. My anlwer ii, ot courae: 'All three'; but the point il rather: Does one wilh to make even an attempt to define Cod to oneaelf! ~'Tlnkly, I don't! I'm content to feel that there ia in one lome kind of in1tinct toward perfection that one will • till feel, J hope, when the lightl are ,oinl' out; some kind of honour forbidding one to let go Ind give up. That', an I've got; I re.lly dOIl't know that J want more."

Nedda duped her handa. "I like that," Ihe Mid; "only_what b

IJerfcetion, Mr. Cuthcott?" Again he emitted that deep little lound. "Ah !" he repeated ........ h"'l is perfection!

Awkwlrd, that-iln't it!" "h it"-~edda rushed the word. out-"i.

it IIlways to be lacrifidng younelf, or is it­is it always to be--to be expr(!JI$ing your­HIt?"

"To IOme--one; to aome--the other; to some--half one, half the other,"

"Bllt which i, it to me!" "Ah! that you"'e got to find out for your_

self. There'l II lort of metronome inside UI -wonderful, Mll-adJultinl' little machine; mOlt delicate bit of mechanism in the world ....!.people cill it conlClenee--lhat recorda the proper beat of our tempO!, 1 gueu that'l III "'e hive to go by,"

Nedda said breathl!!uly: "y".; and it', frightfully hard, isn't It r" "Exactly," Mr. Cuthcott Inswered. "Thlt',

why people de ... ised religioul and other waYI o( having the thing done second-hand. We all object to trouble Ind rUpOnlibility it we can pO.Uibly avoid it. Where do )'OU live!"

"'n Hampstead." "Your father muat be a stand· by, iIIn't

he!" "Oh, yes; Dad', Iplendid; only, you _, I

om a good dCII younger thin he. There Wal just one thing I WII going tu uk you. Are these "er), Bigwig.!"

Mr. Cuthcott turned to the room and let hil IICrlWed-UP glance wander. lie looked JUIl then partieularly .. if he were roing to bite.

"If you take 'ern at their own valuation: Yea, If at the country'.: So-so. If It mine: na! I know what you'd like to Ilk: Should I be a Bipig in tllrir estimation! Not I! As you knock lbout, Mi .. Freeland. you'l\ find out one thing_U big-wigger)' il founded on: Scratch my baek. lind j 'llllCratch )'ouu, SeriouBly, these are only tenpenny onea: but the mllChle! ii, tha~ in the matter of 'the J..and,' the men who really arc in rarnest Bre precioul IIClrce. Nothing ahort of a riaing such IS there WI! in 1832 would make the land quution rell. e"en for a mornent. Not that I want to aee one--God fo rbid! Thoae pOO r doom~d devil! were

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treated wone than dop, Ind would be Icain."

Before Nedda could pou r out quntionl about the rI'ln,ln 1832, Stanley'l volea Hid :

"Cuthcott. I wlnt to Introduce you!" lIe r new friend ..: rewed hia eyn up tighte r

a nd, mutterin, somethlng, put out hia hand to he r.

"Thank you for our talk. 1 hope we Ilia II meet again. Any time you want to know anythIng-I'll be only too ,lad. Good night!"

Sba lelt the &Queue of his hind, warm and dry, but rather lOCI, as ot a man who Ulea a pen too mU(h; uw him lollowlnr her uncia acro .. the room, with hia Ihouldera I little hunched, a. It preparing to inHict, lind ward oil', blo ... And with the thought: "lie must be Jolly when he givu thern one!" Ihe turned once more to tbe darkneu, lhan whleh he hlld aald there WI' nothing nieer, It Imelled of new_mown grn •. WII fun of liule ,hiver. lng, 9{ leavu, and 1111 colored like the bloom of a bll1ck g'rape. And her heart felt ,oothed.

CIIAt'TER IX

" .. , When I flnt IIW Derek I thought I ahould never feel anything but Ihy and bope­Ie... In four day" only in four diY', the whole world la <Ii!!'erent. . .• And yet, if it hadn't been for that thunder_Il9rm, I shouldn't hIVe ,ot over bein, ahy In time . lie h .. never loved Inybody-nor have I . I t can' t often be like that-it makn It solemn. There'. II pleture ,omewhere--not a cood one, I kllow--of a young lIighlander being tlken aWly by lohlieu from his I.eethcart. Derek ia fiery and wild Ind ~hy lind proud and dark -like the mlln In t hMt picture. The last day 1I10ng the h!llll-lIlong lind alonll"-wlth tha wind In our facCi. I could havo walkd for. ever; and then Joyfields It the end I Their mother'l wonderful: I'm .fraid of her. But Unde Tod II a perl~t dea r. 1 never HW Iny one before who notleed 10 mllny thinp thllt I didn't, and nothing that I did. I am aure he h .. in him what Mr. CUlhcott lIid we were all losing-the love of limple, na­turft l condition.. And then. III. mOlllent, when I Itood with Derek at the end of the orehBrd, to Hy good-by. T he fie ld below eovered with thOle moony_white flowen, Ind the COWl ,lll dark lind .Ieepy; t he holy feellna: down there wa. wonderful, and III the brlnchu over our head., too, Ind the velvety, Ita rr), aky •• nd the dewine .. againlt one'l face, Ind the great, broad ailence--it "" an worahlpplnjf IOmething, and I .al "'onhlp­plng-wonhlppinC happine", 1 tca.a happy, Ind I think 1111 WAI. Perhaps I Ihall never be 10 happy again. When he kiaaed me I didn't think the whole world had 10 much h.pplne .. In it. 'know now that I'm not told a bit; I uled to think I waa. I belle .... 1 could go .Ith him anywhere, and do .ny­thlnr he .anted. What would Dad think! Only the other dlY I wa. HyinK I wanted to know everything, One only know. through love. It'l love thllt make. the world all beau­titul-mlkea It like thoae pleturea thlt Hem to be .. ripped In rold, mak .. it like. dream -no, not like a drum-like a wonderful tune. I ,uppolt that', rlamour-a rolden, mllty. lovely feeling, II If my loul were wanderine about with hi_not In my body It all. I Wlnt It to 1'0 on and on wonderine­obi I don't want it blck in my body, an hlrd and Inqulaltlve and .chine! I ahlll Ilever know anything to lovely la Iovine him and beln" loved. I don't want anything more-­Ilothingl StlY with me, plel!le-llapplneaa! f)on't go awfty and lelve me! , .. They frlll'hten m~, though; he trighten. me-thair Idenlllm: wanting to do great thingl, Ind fight for jUltloe. It only l'd been brought up more like thlt-but everything's been ao dUferent. It's their mother, I think, ev.n more thin them .. lvea, I .eem to hllve grown up jUlt look Inc on It li fe a. at a ahow;

440

watching it, thinkinr about it. trying to un­dentllnd-not !i\-ina: it at alL. I mU$t get over that; I will. I believe I ean tell tlte very moment I began to love him. It wu in the school.room the aecond evening. Sheila and I we re ~itting there just before dinner, and he came, in a rage. \ooklng splendid. 'That footman put Ollt averythinr jUlt .a if I were a baby-• • ked me for auapt-nde" to falten on my loch; hung the thinga on a chair in order, ... if I eouldn't lind out for my­self what to put on lint; turned the tonll'lle. of my ,bon out!--cllrled them over!' Then lnrek looked at me and .aid: 'Do they do that for you ?-And poor old Gaunt, who'. paty-aix and lame, h •• three .hillings .. week to buy him everything. JUlIl think of thatl if we had the pluck of ftie_' And he denched hi. l'illb. But Sheila cot up , looked ha rd at me, and aaid: 'That'll du, Derek.' Then he put his hand on my IIrm and allid : ' I t's Gnly CGusin Nedda !' I began to IGve him then: and I believe he saw it , beeause I couldn't take my eyel away, But it WII! when Sheila .ane 'The Red Sirafan,' afte r d inner, that I knew for eertain. 'The Red Sardan' -it's a wGnderfu l IGne, all . pace and yearn­In&" .nd yet luch ealm--it'l the IGng Gf the Mlul: and he wal looking at me while ahe aang. How c.n he love me 1 I am nGthinc­no good fGr anythina:! Alan e.lls him a '",n·up kid, all lep and winga.' Sometime. I hate Alan: he'l cGnventional Ind I toda:y­tbe funny thing iI tblt he admiru SbeBa. She'll ..... ke him uP: ,he'lI Itick pina into him. No, I dGn't want AI .. n hu rt-l want every Gne in the world tG be happy, happ~'­al I am. . The nu.t day was the thun­der -stor m. I never aaw lightning so near­and didn't ca re a bit. If he were struck I knew I ahould be: tha t n,ade it all rigbt. When yGU lGve, you dGn't care, if Gnly the 'Gmethina: must happen tG YGU both. When it wu Olver , and we nme Gut from behind the atack .nd walked hGme through the fields, all the bush looked at UI II! if we were new and had never been Been befGre: and the air .. , e .. er 10 sweet, and that IGn&" red line of c1Gud IGW dGwn ill the purple, and the elm-t.-.,ea 10 heavy .nd almost bl .. ek. He pu t his arm rGund me, and I let him.

It leem, an .. ee to wait till they eome tG Itay with UI nut week. If Gnly MGther likes t hem. and I can gG and ".y at JGy­fleldl. Will she like them! I t'. all 110 dif­fe rent to wha t it WGuid be if they were Gr­dinary. But if he were Grdinar y I shGuldn't IGve him: it's becauae theu'l nobody lika him. That i,n 't a IGverish fan~y-you Gnly have tG look at him against Alan Gr Uncle Stanley Gr even Dad. Everything ha does i$ SOl dif­leunt; the way he Wilks, and the ,,'ay he llandl dr.wn back intG himself, like a It.g. .nd loob Gut .. it be were bur nina: .nd ,mGulderinc inside: eyen the wly he smilel. Dad liked me what I thGught Gf him! That WIS Gnly the se<:Gnd day. I thGught he wa. too proud, then. And Old IBid: 'He Gu,M tG be in a Hichiand regiment: pity---crelt pity!' lie is a lighter, Gf eGurse. I dGn't like fightinG", but it I'm not ready to. he'll .tGp loving me, perhaps. " .. a cot tG learn. o Darkn"", Gut the re, help me! And Stu • • hel p me! 0 God, make me brave, and I will believe in you fGrever ! If YGU nrc the apirit that g rGWI in thin" in .pite GI eve rything, until they're Jike t he 1I0wen, IG perfe<:t that we Ilueh and ling at their beauty, grGw in me, too; maka me beautiful .nd brave: then I shall be fit fGr him, alive Gr dead; .. nd that's all I want. Every mGrning I .han atand in .pirit with him at the end Gf that Grehard in the d.rknesa, under the treel abo .. e the white flowera .nd the lleepy COl"', .. nd perhapi I shall feel him kill me Igain.

I 'm clad 1 SIIW that Gld man Gaunt: it makn what they teel mGre real tG me. He Ihowed me that poor laborer Trylt, too, the

The Jounlal of Electrical Workers and OperaUJTs

Gne " 'ho mUl tn't marry hi, wife's liuer, Gr have her s taying at the hGul e withGut mlrry­ing her. Why I hould people interfere with Gtharl like that! It dGt'I make YGur blood boil! Derek . nd Sheila have been brGught up to be in sympathy with the poor and Gp­prasaed. If they had lived In London t hey WGuld have been eve n mGre furiGus, I expect. And it 'l no use my Ilying to myself 'I dGn't knGW the labonr, I dGo't know hi. hardshipa,' be<:ause he is really jus t tha country half Gf what I dOl knGw and see here in LondGn, wben I doo't hid. my eyes. One talk Ihowed me how dellperately they feel: .t nia:bt, in Sheila'l room, when we hId gGne up, just we (our. Alan beaan it; they didn'~ want tG, I could .ee; but he Wat criticiling what some or those 8ia:wi&'1l bad aaid-the 'Vartlity maku boys a"fully conceited. It wa. sueh a IGvely night; we were .11 in the bir, IGng win dGw. A little bat kept lIying put; and behind the cGPper-beech the mGGn wal shin­in&, Gn the lake. Derek I8t in the window­sill, .nd when he moved he tGuched me. To be tGuched by him givea me a warm shiver all thrGugh. I CGuid he.r him gritting his teeth It what Alan .ald-friehtfully aenten_ tiGus, jult like. ne"'p.per: 'We e.n't gG ioto land morm from (eeling, we mUlt go into it from uaton.' Then Derek brGke Gut: 'Walk thrGugh thil country u we've w.lked: lK'e the pigstiu the people live in; lee the water they drink: see the tiny p.tche. Gf ground they ha.,e; lee the way their roofs let in tbe raill; 1ft their peeky children: see their pstience and their hopeleunell: see them WG rking day in and day out, a nd CGm­ing Gn tbe parilh at the endl See all that, and then talk about realonl RellGn! It'l the coward'$ exeuse, snd the r ieh mlln's ex­cuse, for doing nGthing. It'. the excuse of tha II1l1n who takes jolly a:God care not to see fGr fear that he may eGme to feel! Re.son ne .. er doea anything, it'l too reasoo­able. The thinr is tG act; then perh.pI re.­IGn wll\ be jGlted intG doing IGmethina:.' But Sheila tGuehed hi, .rm, lod he ltopped ve ry luddenly. She doesn't trust UL I shsll al ... ay. be beine pUlbed ...... y from him hy her. lie', just twenty, and I Ihall be eighteen in a week; eGuldn't we marry nGW at Gnee! Then, whatever happened, I eGuldn't be cut Gtt' from him. U I could tell Dad, Ind a.k him tG help me! But I e.n'l.­it seeml desecration tG talk about it, even tG Dad. All the way u p in t he t rain today, coming back home, I wal Itruggl ine nGt tG shGW anythina:: though It'. hateful tG keep thinea ( r om Dad. Love alten everything; it meltl up the whole WGrld lind mikes it afresh. Lo\'e il the lun Gf Gur spiriu, and it'l the wind. Ah, and the ra in, tool But I wGn't tbink Gf that I _ .• I wGnder if he's tGld Aunt Kirtlteen! .. ."

CH.APTER X

While Nedd. lat, IGn&, Plllt midni&,ht, writ_ ing her he.rt Gut in her little, white, lilac­curtained room Gf tha Gld house above the Spaniard's RGld. Derek, Gf whGm she wrolf>, Wal walking alGng the Malvern hilb, hurr y­ing upward in the darkne... The ,tau were his companiGnl: thGugh he WII nG poet, hiV­ing rather tha fervid temper Gf the born aWGrdlman, that eJ:preues itself in physical ecsbsies. He had eGme .traight uut from a ItGrmy midnight talk with Shell.. What Will he dGinC'-hld been tbe burden Gf her cry-tallin&, in IGve jUlt at thi, mGment when they wanted all their wits and all tbeir time .nd streneth fGr thi. Itruggle with the MallGringa? It was foolilh, it wa. weak: and "itb ... eet, toft IOrt of girl "hG CGuid be nG use. Hotly be h .. d answeft<!: What busineu Will It Gf hera! AI if Gne fell in love when Gne wilhed! She didn't knGw­her blood didn't run talt enourh! Sheila had retGrted, "I've mGra blood in m, bl&, toe

than Nedda in all her body ! A lot Gf uae YGU'lI be, with your heart mooning up in London." And erGuehed tGgdher Gn the end Gf he r bed, razing flJ:edly up at him thrGugh he r hair, sha had ehlnted mockinely: " Uere we gG I;sther inl; wOGI and star_wool and . tar_wGGI and Itan!"

lie had nGt deigned tG answer, but had cone Gut, furiGUS "ith her. Itriding G .. er the dark Heidi, acrambling his way through the hedge. to"ar d the high loom Gf the hills. Up Gn the ahGrt grass In the cooler ai r . with nGthing bet"een him .. nd those Iwarmine atartl, he IGst his rage. It never laned IGna: -hers Will mG re enduring. With the innsle lordlineu of .. brother he already put it down to jealousy. Sheila wal hurt that he should want any Gne but her: as if hi, IG\'e fGr Nedd. would make any ditfe renee to thei r reaolutiGn to ret justice fG r Try,t and the Gaunts, and show t hose landed ty rants Gnce fGr ali that they CGuid not r ide roughhGd.

Nedda! with her da r k eyell. 10 quick and clear , SOl loving when they looked at himl Nedda, 110ft .nd innocent, the tGueh Gf .... hG.e l ips had turned hil heart tG IGmething strange within him, and wakened sucb fee l­intra or ehiv.lry! Nedda! TG see "hOlm fGr half a minute he felt he would "alk a hun­dred miles.

Thil boy'. education had been sdminillered sGlely by hil mGthe r till he was fGurteen, and I he hid brGueht him up Gn mathematlea, French, and heroism. 1Iis Dunsive reading Gf histGry had been foculled Gn the perMn­ality or he rGes, chien y knightl errant, lind revolutiGnaries. fTe had carried the wGnhip Gf them tG the Agrieultu ra l CGllege, where. he hid spent fGu r yeartl: and a rather rough time there had nGt sueeceded in knocking rGmllnee Gut Gf h im. lie ha d fGund that you (ould not have lIueh belieh comfortably with­Gut fighting for them, and thGugh he ended his cllreer "ith the reputatiGn Gf a rebel and II ehampiGn Gf the weak. he hsd had to ellrn it. To thl, day he stil l fed himaelf Gn stGrie, or rebelliGns Ind fine deed,. The Hgore, Gf Spal"t.uu" MGntrO!le, HGfer, Garibaldi, Hamp_ den, and John NiehGlton, were more real to him than the people amGng whom he lived, thGugh he had learned never to mentlGn­eape<:ially nGt tG the matter-Gf.f.ct Sheila­hi, encompa .. lng cloud Gf herGu: but, when he was alone, he pranced a bit with them, and promised himself thllt he, too, WGuid reach the I tars. SOl YG U may SGmetill1es sec n little, grave bGY walking thrGugh a field, unwatched II! he believes, suddenly lIing hi. teet and hi, hud every which way. An active nature, romantic, withGut being dreamy and bGGk-loving, il nGt too prGne tG the attacka Gf IGve: .ueh s Gne is likely tG survh'e unlCathed tG I maturer age. But Nedda had sedueed him, partly by the appeal of her tGuchingly manifUl lova lind admira­tlGn, and ehielly by he r eyes, through wbich he seemed to see lueh • IGYII. and IGvine little soul looking. She bad that indefinable ..,mething which IGvers knG" that they can ne\'e r throw IIway. And he had at Gnce made of her. secretly, the e rGwn Gf his aetive ro­manticism-the lady waiting fGr the apoLl, Gf his lance. Queer il the heert of a bo)'­at rlnge itl blending of reality lind idealism!

Climbing at a great pace, he reached Mal­ve rn BeaCGn jUlt as it Clme dnwn, and stood the re Gn the toP. watehlng. He had nGt much ~thetie sense; but he had enGugh to be im_ putJsed by the slGW palina: Gf the sta.,. OlVer apace that seemed infinite, 110 little were Its dreamy confines visible in the May morning hue, where the quive r ing crimson lIaga and spears Gf lunrise were forginr up in a m.n:h upon the Iky. T hat viaion Gt the English land It dawn, wide and myster iGus, hardly tallied with Mr . Cutheott', view Gf a future dedie.te tG Park and Garden City. While Derek Itood there gaxing. the fint lark

T ite Journal of Elec trical Workers and OpetutoTs

.oared up and be",an its ecl tatie praile. Save to r t hllt lIOns:, .ilenee ponessed a IL the d riven dll rk, right out to t he Severn lind lhe HII.,

and the lII,tneuu of the Webh hllll, and the Wrekin •• ,ny In the north, a b]aek point in the g ray. ).'or a moment dark and light hovered and dung together. Would victory win&: bllek Into nlaht Or on Into day! Then, aa a town i. taken, an w .. over In one over­nuuterin, rUlh, and light WIU prO\:hllm~d. Der ... k tll[htened hi' belt and took a bu·llne down over the alippery CT...... II., "' .... nl to re.ch the eott.ie ot laborer TrYlt hefore that urly bi rd wu away to the lIeld.. 110 meditated .1 he went. Hob Trylt waa .11 right' It they only had I dOlen or two \lka hlml A daUln or two whom they could trult, aud who would trullt each other and I tand nrm to torm the nucleul at I lulke. which could be timed tor hay harvl'~t. Wbftt .Iave, thue ]aboreu atill were! It only they could be f1!lIed on, it only they wOLild atand to­gother! Slaveryl It _. IllI.very: &0 lone 11.1

they could be turned out ot their homes .t will In thll tuhion. Hi l rebellion lI.,alnlt the condltlonl of their livea, above all a"alnn the man [told petty Iyrannlu that he knew thfY underwent, came from u .. of hi. eyes and UTI in d.ily contact with a ela .. • mone whom he had been more or Ie .. brought up. In Iympathy With. Ind yet not of them. he had the queer privilell'e of feel­Inle tl,~ir .lightl a. If they were h[1 own, to­Rether with leoellnp ot protection, .nd even 01 eontempt that they Ihould I('t them.M'lvel be Ili,hted. lie Wall. nur enough to under­'tand how thoy mUlt feel; not ne..r .,,,uulllo to undentand why, teeling aa they did, they did not act al he would have aeted. In truth, he knew them no better than he IhOLIld.

II" fllulld Tryst wuhinl' at hll pump. In the early morninc light Ihe big laborer'l aquaH, Itubborn tace, with itl .trange, dog­like eyn. had a &Odden, hungry, lost look. ('ullinR Ihort ablLition. tbat rl!rtainly W('n'

never protr.eted, he welcomed Deftk, and motionw him to p .... into the kllthen. The young mlln w('nt In, lind pel'(:h('d himself on the wlndow.11II beside a pol ot Bridal Wre.ath. The cotUee ... one of the IIhllor­Inp', and Tl'Cently repaired. A lillIe fire w., hurninjf, .nd a teapot 01 Itewed tea ut th('re be.[de it. Four (,Upl .nd .poenl and some lus:ar were put out on a deal table, for TrYlt waa, In (act, hrewinr the morn Inc drllUjfht ot him.elf and children. who It ill lay abed up-Italra. The .ight made Derek ,h["er and hi. eyes dar~.,,,. II" knew the full .ignlflcanee of what he saw.

"Did you uk him ag.in, Bob!" "Yes, I .. ked 'im." "Whllt did h' uy?" "Said aa orden waa pillin. 'So lone a. YOLi

Ii .... there.' he Uyl, '.]ong ot YOLiraeU alone, you c.n't have he r come back.'''

"Did yOLi ,ay the childr!!n wnnt('d looking dtor badly! Did you make It elur 1 Did yOIl lAy M n. Try.t wiahed it, b(>fote Ih_"

"I laid thllt." "What did he lay then 1" "Sorry for you. m'lad, but them'. m'l.dy',

orders, an' I can't go eontrary. I don't wbh to go Into thlngl: he Iny; 'you know bet­ter'n I how fa r 'Iii gone when ahe wal 'ere hetore: but ~In' as m'].dy don't never live In to d~e'led wlfe'a aiSUor mlrryln', it Ihe come back 'til certain to be thl! othor thing. So, AI thtlt won't do ueither, you go el.e­where: he laya!'

lIaving Ipoken thus et length, Tryst lilted the tell pot and poured out the dark te. Into t he threo cup •.

"Will '('I' have ",m •• lirf" Derek shook his head. Taking the cups, Trykt departed up tho

nllrrow ItlirwlY. And Derek remained mo­llon]e .. , ,tar in" at the Br idal Wrulh. til l t he bill' man came down egain and. retiring

Into a tar eornH, lat l ippln, ttl hll own CLIp. "Uob," l/lld the boy luddenly, "do yOIl lih

bel nlt II dOl(; put to whal cornllany ynn r ma~_ ter wl.hea 1"

T ryst leI hil eup down, .tood up, and croned hil thick arm_the lwitt movement trom that 'tolid creatu re had In It lomething .Inllter; but he dId not 'pt.k.

"Do you like it, Bobt" " I 'll not lay wha t I feel., Mr. Derek; that'.

tor me. What I doel'll be tor oth.:.fI, p' rapl." And he IIhed hll ttran,e, lower ins: eyea to

Derek's. I'or a full minute the two .tarted, then Derek SIIid:

"Look out, then; be readyl" and, geUine oft' the .iII, he went IIlIt.

On the bright, Ilimy lurfeee of the pond three dueka were quietly rllvellinll' in that hour before man and hil d.mned &oul, the dog, role to put the feu of Cod Into them. In the lunlight, lIealnst lhe Ireen duckweed, th('ir whitenesl 1'1'11.1 truly marvellous, diffi­cult to believe th.t th('y were nat white .11 through. Pallsin&, the three cotta, .. , in the IBlt ot whieh the G.unt. lived, he came nex t to hi, own home, but did nat turn in, and m.de on towlrd the ehLlrch. It "' .. a vuy little one, vel')' old, .nd hlld for him a curinu~ r.lICination, never contused to man or beast . To hil mother, .nd S~lI., more intolerant. al become women, Ih.t litlle lich('ned, gray atone building w •• the very emblem of hy_ pocrisy, of a creed preeehed, not preeticed; to hil tather it wal nothins:, for it "' .. nol tlive, and .ny tramp, dog, bird, or fruit·tree meant r.r mOf1!. But In Derek It rOllsed a peculi.r teeling, .lOCh ... m.n mlll'ht hive ,a.ing at the .horel ot a native country, out of which he had been thrown to r no t.ult of his own_ yearning deeply mLllI'led up in pride .nd nllenll'leut. Nul infrequently he would ",me and ,it broodin!!: on the gr"IY hillock jLlIL .bove the ehurchyard. Church. rainll" with its pall'eantry, it. tradition, dog­ma, and damand for blind devolion, would have suited him very well, If only blind de­.. otlon to hi, mother had not ,tood aerol' that threshold; he could not br[n" himlelf to bow to that whkh .. 1 .. ",1'Il hi, rebelliou. mother .. lost. And yet the deep fibres of hendity trom her paplltle Highlftnd ancel­tora, and trom old pioLi' Moretont, dr ... w him con.tant],. ta this lpot at timea when no one would be .bout. It'lli" hll enemy, thil IItlle chLirch. the fo ld of .11 the inltinctt and .11 the qualities alainlt .hieh he h.d been brought up to rebel; the .. ery home of p.tron· aKe a nd property and luperlority: the IIChool where hi, friend. the laborers were taLleht their place! And yet It h.d that queu, Ironical .uraction tor him. In .orne luch sor t had h[a PI't herll Mon t rose rebelled, Ind then been drawn dupite h1mselr on~ more to the lide ot that a,.inn whleh he h.d taken arms.

While he leaned niainut the rlll1. gninll' .. l that aneient edifice, he IIIW a girl w.lk into the churchyard at the t., end, ,It down on I g ravestone, and begIn diggin(t a little hole in Ihc atasl with th~ tAl' nt h(' r boot. Sha did not Ie ... m to He him, and at hil ease he Iludied her face, one of tho .. hrold, bright ).;ng]i$h COLIn try fa~el with deep'lel ro,ue eyes and red, thick, 10rt lilli, ,mlling on little provocation. In spite of h ... t dlsffTace, In Iplte of the tact that Ihll Will titling 011 her mother's grllve, .he did nOI look deprelllcd. And DeNk thought; "Wilmet Gaunt is the JollleSl of them .nl !She Iin't a bit a bad girl, al they say; It', only thllt .. he mUlt hllve f un. It they drive he r OUI of here , .he'll .till want tun wherner Ihe I.: the'll 11'0 to " tewn and ",,,I lOp like thoM girt. 1 IItW in I)riltol." And thll n,emory of thOle nIght gi rl., with thei r rouged facell and eringine boldne .. , came back to him with horror.

lie went lIe ron t he g rnll towa rd her.

441

She looked round .. he c.me, and her face livened.

" Well. Wilmat !" "You're an ea rly bi rd, Mr. Derek." " II I1V(' n 't b(>en to bed." "Oh l " "Ueen up Malvern Durnn ln !If'(' the .un

riN." "You're tlf1!d, 1 ell pect'" "No." "MUll be fine uJl there. YOLl'd ~ a lonl[

wayl Irom there; near to London I Ihould think. Do you know London, Mr. Derek!"

"No." "They .ay 'tis a funny place, too." ner

rogue eyn gleamed trom under a heavy frow n. " It 'd not be all 'Do thil' an' ' Do that'; .n' 'You bad girl' .n' 'You little hugy!' In London. They aay there'l room for 1"0 .... '0 one lort of gi rl thef1!."

"All townl are beaatly pllcea, WI lmet." Ae.ln her r0Il'Ue', eyea Il'leamed. " I dan't

know &0 much about that, Mr. Der('k. I'm going where I won't b., chivied about and pointed at, like what I .m here."

"Your dad'i nuck to you; you oLiCht to .tkk to him."

"Ah, D .. d! II.'. loein' hla place for h''', but that don't atop hi, tonl'Ue at homt'o 'TI, no UM to nac me--nas: mt'. Suppoae one of m1ady'. daughteTi had a bit ot fun-they uy there', lOts a. do-I've heard talea­there'd be none com[n' to chale her out of her home. 'No, my £irl, you can't live hera no more. end'nl;'erin' the young men. You go away. Ilut tor you'l where they'll tl' .... h you to he'ue. Go onl Out with youl I don't eare where you go: but you JUlt eol' 'Ti, II It «1r11 were all pata 0' bulter--'llame aquare. same pattern on it, .ame weight, an' .11."

Der ... k had ~ome dORr; he put hll hand down and Irripped her arm. Her eloqLlenCI d r ied up boffore the inUontneu at hi. faee, .nd .h., jll.t .t.f1!d up at him.

"Noll', look her~. Wilmet; you promite me not to 1IC00l wlthollt ]~lting UI know. We' ll get you a place to 1'0 to. Promia."

A little Iht(!pilhly the ro",,,-cirl .nlwef1!d; " I promise; only, I'm goin'."

Sudden ly .he dimpled .nd b-roit.e Into h ... r broad .mlle.

"Mr. Dfrl'k, d'you know whnt they 111)'­

th~y lAy you're in love. You Will leen in th' ol'(:hard. Ahl 'tI, _II r\lht for you and herl But if anyone k[ .. and hUI ""', I lot to go!"

D~rek drew bttck amonlr thl! &,ravf!ll, III I t he had been Itruck with a whip.

She looked up ttl him .Ith couinll' .weet. ne ...

"Don't you mind, Mr. Derek, and don't you .tay here neither. It they Inw YOLi here wi th me, they'd uy: 'Aw_look! Endane('rln' .n­othu youn, m.n-pOOr YOLing mini' Good mornin', Mr. Derek!"

The rOlCUe eyes follo .... ed him grnvely. t hen an~e more btpn uamininr the Ira .. , and the toe ot her boot all'ain began kicking. little hole. But Derek did not look back.

CUAPTER XI

It il In the nature of men and .. ngela to pUTlue with death .ueh bird. as arC uncom­mAli, ~urh IIlIlmala aa Ilfe rare; .nd Sodet )' hlld no ust' tor one like Tod, .0 uncLit to hi pIIUt'rn al to be l>ractically unconleiou! of itl e~iatence. Not that he had deliberately turned hi. back on anythinr: hI! hl,,1 merely begun a •• very young man to keep beel. The belle r to do that he had gone on to the cultlvlltlon of floweu lind truit. to· let'th('r wIth jLllt enough t arming '1 kept hil household in vegetables, milk. butter. lind egR:I. J.ivlnlt thul IImOnlt.1 InueU, birds, COWl, lind t he pe.ce ot t reu, he had beton'e queer. 1111 WI5 not a ve r y reftee· tive mind, [t di.tilled but slow]y certai n hugo (onelLl.ionl, and follo wed intently tile

442

minute happening. of hh liltle. world. To him I bee. a bird, a lIower, a tree wa. well­nigh I. intere.tin, ... man; yet men, women, and tapedally children took to him, .. one take- to I Newfoundland dog, be­UUJe, though capable of anger, he letmed incapable of ('ontempt, and to be endowed with. lort of permanent wonder at things. Then, too, hIt "AI good to look It. which countl for more than. little in the lcalu of our affeetlon.; Indeed, the alight air of abllenc:e In hi. blue eyn .... not chilling, .1 ;1 that whleh portend, I .. anderln, of its owner on hi, own bUlin.... People reeog­niled thllt it meant .orne bee or otll('.1" In that bonnet. or ellewhere, lome sound 01" Icent or 'lkht of life, luddenl)' perceived­alwlY. of life! lie had often been observed guing with peculia, gravity lit II dead now­er, bee, bird, o r beetle, and, if ,poken to at luch a moment, would 8ay, "Conel" touch­ing II wing or po tal with hi, finger_ 1'0 con­ceive of whut hflppened dter death did not apparently come within the few luge con­eluslona of hli renective powers. That quaint ,rlef of hll in the preaence of the deflth of thinI'I that wen not human hlld, more than anything, fostered a habit among the gentry Ind dergy of the neiJl:hborhood of drawing up the mouth ..... hen they lpoke of him, and IUlh lly railing the . houlders. For the cottagen, to be lu re, hi, eccentric­ity eor"illed rather in hil being a "~ntle­man:' yet neither eating "uh, drinking wine. nor teillnl' them how they ought to beha ... e themlelv(!l, togelher ..... ith the ..... Iy he ..... ould lit down on anything and Ji~ten to ..... hn they had 10 tell him, without giv_ ing them the Impreilion that he WIS proud of him!elf for doing 10. In £act, It was the utraordinlHy Imprellion he made of li.ten­ing and anlwering without wanting any­thinl' either for htmuoJf or for them, that they ('ould not understand. IIow on earth it came .bout thllt he did not g ive them advice about tht'ir politic., rt'iLglon, moral., or monetary I tat.,., Will to Ihem • never­ending myllery: .nd though they were too well bred to ahrug their Ihoulden, there did lurk In their dim mind. the l uapieion th.t "the good gentleman:' IS they eaned him, 1'1'11 "a liddy_bit off." lie had, of coune, done many practiclIl llltle thing. toward helping them and their beiliU, but always, IS it leemed, by IIcddent, .0 thllt they could never make up their mind. IIfterward whether he remembered havlnll' done them, whkh, In fact , he probably did not: and this seemed 10 them perhapi the mOlt dlmning fact of .11 abollt hi. being--well, .bollt hia being-nOI qllite an there. Anether worr~'­Ing habit he had, too, that of app.rently nol ditlin,ul.hlng bet .... een them .nd any trampa or IIranlera who mi~ht happen along lind ('ome .croll him. Thl. WIS, in their erel, undollbtedly a fault: for the vill.~ wal, .rter all, their villaCe, and he, aI it were, thalr pro!)l!rty. To (' rown all. Ihere w •• a I tOry, full ten yt'au old no ..... whi('h had 10ft nothing in Ihe leillng, of his treatment of a ('QUle-drover. To the vil­lage it hlld lin eerie look, that windml1l_like rage let 100111 upon a man who, after all, had only been twisting. bullock's IlIiI and running a , piked stlek Into Itl .ofler parh, as any drover mi;ht. People laid-the po~t­man .. nd • w.gone r had seen the bUlinus, TncQdellrl born, 10 that the ti le had perhllps lost nothinlC'-thMt he had pOlltively roared II. he came luplng down into the lane upon the man, a atoul lind thick-let fellow, taken him up like. baby, popped him Into II furze­bush, and held him there. I'eople uid that hil own b.H IIrm. h.d been pricked to the .. ery t houldn from pre.,ing the drovn down into that uncompromising Ihruh, and the man'l howla had pierced the very heavenl, The poltman, 10 thi. day, .... ould ten how

The Jounwl of Electrical Worker8 and Operators

Ihe mere recollection of _In I it ItiJ1 m.de him lore all over. Of the wordt anigned to Tad on thi, occasion, the mUdnt and prob_ .bly mOlt true ..... ere: " Oy the Lord God, if you treat a bellt like tha t a;aln, I'll ellt )'our liver out, you hell -hell rted Iweep!"

The Incident, which had produced a IOme­what mark~ ell'ect in rt'card to the lrell­ment of animllis an round Ihat neighbrhood, had never been forcotten, nor In a lenM lerginn. In eonjunc:tion .. ith Ihe Hlra­ordinary pe.ce Ind mlldneu of hi. gt'nera\ beh.vlor, It had endo .. ed Tod .. ith mYltery: and people, upec.'i.Ur limple folk, e.nnot bring themselvu to feel quite at home with my.tery, Children only-to whom every­thing II 10 mysterioul that nothing can be -tre.ted him •• he treated Ihem, riving him their handa with confidence. Out children, even hi. o .... n, .. thoy grew up, begin to have a little of tho village teellng toward Tod: hh world WII not thein, lind whal exaetly hll world Will they could not !!:nsp. Pouibly it Will the "n" thllt they partook of hi. Intere~ t and IIlfectlon too much on a level with .ny other kind of Itvln!!: Ihing tha t might happen 10 be about, which di.­('omtiled their undt' ... tandlnl'. They held him, howevt'r, in a ~rt.ln reveren~.

That e.rly momine he h.d already done. good two hours' work In eanneetion wilh bro.d beanl, of .. hich he IN!W, perh.p., the best in the whole ('ount}', and h.d knocked 011' for. moment, 10 ex. mine a Iplder'1 web. Thi. man'ellous cn.tion, whl('h Ihe dew had .. i,ited and clustered o .. e r, aa .tars over the firm.ment, w •• hung on the gate of the vegetable garden, .nd the . pid,r, a IlITge and activo one, Will regudlng Tod ..... ith the miagiving natural 10 It I lpeeit'l. Intensely s till Tod s tood, .b,orbed In contemplation of that brla:hl .nd dUlIty mi racle. Then, tllldng up hi, hoe al'aln, he .. ent back to the weed. thlt thre.tened hi. broad beanl, Now .nd .galn he .topped to liaten, or to look at the . ky, a. i. the way of hu..bandmen, thinking of nothing, enjoying Ihe pe.ee of his museles.

"Please, li r, fath er'l I'ot inlo a fit again." Two lillie girll were . tanding In the lane

below. The elder, who h.d Ipoken in that smRlJ, .nxiou. voice, hlld a p.le Hule lace .... ith pointed chin; her hair, the eolor of over-ripe eorn. hung fluffy on her thin Ihoul­ders, her flowe r-like eyt'l, with IOmethln(t motherly in them .Irelldy, wero the !ame hue III her pale-blue, almost delln, overall. She had her I maller, ('hubbler .I.tor by ~he hand, and, having delivered her me .. age. Itood I til1.pdng up at Tod, •• one might at .God. Tod dropped his hoe.

"Biddy eome with me: SUlle CO and tell M .... FrH.land, or Mi .. Sht'Ua."

lie lOOk the frail little h.nd ot the elder Tr)-.t and ran. Ther ran at th. child'i p.ee. the one 10 ¥tory ma .. in, the other Iu<>h • whilf of "eah .nd blood.

"1)ld ),ou come at Ont'CI, Biddy'" "Yt'I, .Ir ." "Where ..... he taken ,"' "In Ihe kitchen-jull a. I w ... cookin'

breakfast." "Ahl II It a bad onel" "Yo , si r. awful bad_he'l 1111 foamy." "What did you do for It 1" "Susie and me turned him over, and Billy',

~eein ' he don't ret hil tonKue down hil throat -like what you told UI, and we rlln 10 you. SUlie Will frlJehtened, he hoJ1end 10."

Plllt the three eattagt'.; whence a woman at • window stared In IImue to see th.t queer couple running, Plllt the pond where the duc"'. whiter than ever In the brighten­inglunllghl, dived Ind crided (arelnlly, Into the Trylt kilehen . There on the brick "oor I.y the dlltrll!1lSfol man, alre.dy .truJl:gllng baek out of epileplY, whlle hi. little fright­ened lIOn .at manfully be.ide him.

"Towel., and hot water, Blddyl"

With exlraordinary ealm rapidity the Imali erealure brought what might h.ve been two to .. t'l., a baain, and the ketlle: and In .i1ence she and Tod ateeped hil forehead.

"t:yes look helter, Biddy!" "lie don't look 1M) funny now, .ir." Pieking up that form, almolt al big •• hil

own, Tod c .. rried it up impossibly narrow .t.ln Ind laid it on a dilhevell~ bed.

"!'he .. ! Open the window, Biddy." The Imllll ('reature opened what there WI.

of window, "Now, CO do .. n and heat two bricka and

wrlp them in IIOmethinr, and bring Ihem up."

TrYlt'l boot.!; .. nd .O('k. removed, Tod rubbed the large, warped feet. While doing thl, he whistled, and the little bey crept up­s tairs and squatted In the doorway, to watch and listen. The morning ai r overcame with ltl Iwcetneu the natu ral odor of that .mlln room, and II bird or two wen t fllrtin" pIlat. 1'he Imall creature clme back with the bricks, wrapped in petticolt! or her ewn, and, placing them IIgainit the IOlel of her f.ther'. feet, I he Itood p:r.ing at Tod, fer 1111 the .. orld like II little mother dol' with puppitl.

"You un't go to ao:hool to-dIlY, Biddy." "Is Su.ie .nd Billy to KO!" "Yes: there'. nothing to be frigh tened of

no... He'll be nearly .n right by evening, But lOme one Ih.n Itay with you."

At this moment Trylt lifted hi. h.nd, and the Im.ll creature went and stood beside him, liltening to the ",hi.pering that emerged from hi. thick lipl.

"Father says I'm to thank you pleal!ot!." "Yea. Have you had your breakfaat f" The sm.n creature .nd her Im.Uer brother

Ihook their head •. "Go down .nd get them," Whiapering and twi,tlng bade, they went,

lind by the side ot the bed Tod ut down. In TrYlt'. ere! Will th.t lame look of dog­like devotion he h.d bent on Derek earlier that morning. Tod It.ted out of the window .nd g.ve the man'. big hand a aquee:r.e. Of what did he think, wlltchinr a limetree 0111-side, lind the aunlight through iUi follage pRinting bright the room'. newly white­wflahed Willi, already guy-.potted with damp IIpin: watching the ,hadow. ot the leivel playing in that $Unlirht! Almost cruel, thllt lovely shlldow game of oullide li fe 10 fun lind joyful. 110 cardeN of man and l utl'erinll': too gay almolt, too allvel Of what did he think, watching the chase and dRrt of , hadow on Ihadow, as of gray butlernietl tiutterinll' twlft to the sack of "owen, while beside him on the bed the big l.borer lay1

WhIP.n KirstHn and Sheli. came to relie .. e him of that vigil he went down-Ilai,.. There In the kitcht'n Biddr ...... oshing up, .nd SUII" and Billy putting on their boota for tehoo!. They atopped to rue .t Tod fHllnk In hi, po<'kets, for the,. knew th.t thing. IOmetimes happened after that. To-dlY there came out two c.rrotl, lOme lumpi of IUl'a r. lOme cord, II. bill, a pruninll' knife, a bit of WIIX, a bit of chalk, Ihree "inl!, a poueh ef tobacco, 1'111'0 pipel. a match-box with a .Inll'le match In it, a .ix-pence, • neckt ie, a Itlck ef chocoillte, a tomato, 1\ handkerchief, I dead bee, an old r a:r.o r, I bit of gauu, lOme tow, a I tick of caustic, II reel of cotton, a nll('dle, no thimble, two dO(k luvea, .nd lome .heet. of yellowish piper. 118 "pa rated from the rut t he .ixpf!nce. the dead bee, and wh.t wa. edible. And in della:hted Illenee th. thrM little Trylts cned. till Biddy with the tip of one wet finger touehed the bee.

"Not good to eat, Blddr."

(To be earulnlll'd) (COI'rrIIl'M b)' CI ... I", 8<"rlbner', Sonl. All

rlll'ht. ~erved)

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Operators

• IN MEMORIAM • • • ••• ... • • •

V. P . S .... nden. L. U. No. 290 WII~nu Ihe 1II~III~n of Lotti Union :So.

200. Il&rlle ... me. Okla .• dHply ~ret Ibe I ..... of a true Ind 10YII melll~r. In tbe death of Hrolher \' II. Siunden. Ibereto~ be It

J'lNOh·w. Thu "'e utend our heartfelt 11111' palhy to Ihe berea"w tlml1y, alld ~ It further

Il t'\lohed. Tbat "'e dnllfl OU r eh.,ler for a period o f 30 d.YI. and I eopy of lheee r"etOlu· tlonl be ,pl1!lld 1I1.ln tbe mloutCII or our I .... ft t union. and a ropy .ent to tbe berea .. ed falllily. .nd .Iso a ropy Kot 10 Ibe InternAtlon.1 See· n!tary for publlcatloo In Ibe Olllcisl Journ.l.

S. W. ' r ANNAlIILL, II . W . 1t00a'IIS. J. J . MOSI.EY.

H o ward Arbo.aat, L U. No. 41 Wbf'~aa ,ullllgbt7 God. Iu 1111 Innnlte ..-18'

dOIll. b:l' "-lied from our mldlll. OUr wOrlb,. IJrolber. 110; ... ..-11 ArI>O,"UI. to hla IIn.1 «'Sllog pl.t:<!'. and

\\'bel"t'u ""f. aft membe ... of ' ..0)(11.1 Union :So. 41. I. 8. K W .. deeply mou." hi. 10dl. theN'" fo ..... be II

1t1!1K>1 .. ed. 'I'h.1 ... e. In Brotherly lo .. e. pa,. t.lbule 10 bl. memory by 1':rI.reII.lnll; our iIOr· ro .. II hi" lou Ind uleod 10 ILl, flml17 our hHirlfelt aympAl b,. •• od be 11 furlber

n NOll'ed. TbU A ropy of Ihne ~'utloo. ~ I p.eall upOn Ihe mluulHl of 1.0<.'11' Union :So. 41. .ud • ropy be KUI 10 Ihe bereared fllmlly or "ur IlIlf lIr(1lbn .• nd tb.t • ropy be 5j'ut 10 Tbe Olllclni Journ.1 for l,uhIlCSllon.

EO K,\Ut')lAS. F;I( I(' fW IIIIS. II. I'ISK.

________ ('ommltl<"'e.

C.rl Co.h\er. L. U. No. 46 Whpl't'U Almll:;b!y (Jod Iu lila Inn"l!~ ,,·Ift·

d .. 10 h.~ ~ ..... n lit 10 ('11 11 from our mlll~1 our ~1 .... m~1 Brother, ('lIrl COSlller; .n,1 Wh~t"n8 we 1I~1, l r mourn hi, lou; Ihtre­

fort toe It 1I~ .. hed. That Iu Ihll hour of Irl.1 ftnd !!OI"

,.., ... ,,'e e..,!end 10 bla fftmlly .nd ~IDIl"u our de~peJit omplllb1; ftlld be II !urlh~r

II N<I.\h·l'<.l. ThRt we drll l>t' uur chllner for. ller lotl of Ihlrl)' d1l1 . and Ihftl ft COI'Y of Tbelle re801",I(lnft be ftent I .. bla rel.II .. e.. II ('(11'1 to Our Ontd,,1 Jourllftl for 1,"l)llCStloo notl A ropy be 1Ill't'IId upon OUr minute..

w. C. 1,ISm'!.L. ____ ....:"~~::::"'~Ing " .... I't'I ... ,.

H.r ... ,. A. Burke. L . U. No. 42

It I, ... itb d~p rf,,~t Ihl Ibt mem~r~ of 11,18 I_I mourn the pa .. lo" of our U .... lher. lI .. ry A. Uurke.

Wbu ...... e bllmbl,. 00" OUr h~lIdl 10 ",b· ml .. lon 10 ilia .. Ill. ... e tlff!>ly mourn Ihe lilt· lOll; ..... 7 of III .IIIOC:I.'e nt ou .... 11111 • Irup .nd lo,.a' member Of Lotti l'nlon So. ~:!; tberdo" I>e It

1: _ln~d. Tbat .. ~ Ulend our hf'flrtfell Iym· .... Iby 10 bl ... Ife .nd flll'l1l1; .nd ~ It furtb~r

lIe.olrHl. Tb.1 .. e rommend Ibem 10 Ihf ca .... (If IIhJl ... ho dOf'lh an tb"":>! ... ell: a .. d ~ It furl her

lI"",>Irf'd. Tb.1 I ('(Ipy of 11._ ....,...,Iulloll. bf. ,p,,"d ou Ihe IJIlnUI" of 1 ....... 1 l'nlon 1' ... ":!. T. B ~: W .• I rop,. ~ Rnl to Ih~ 1Ie ........ ~ tamll7. lind II. ropy Mon l II> Ollr Iniemllll .. o.' Olll~ tilt publlca"')!1 10 (lur omd,,1 Journ.l. .nd Ih., .. "r ehllner ~ .lnlPf'!1 for 30 111111 In melllor)" of OUr lale U .... ,b .. r. IIlIrry A. Ilurte.

A. t·. l'IlllTIi. ,\ 1.F- II l IAS. IIA III I\ .\ 1.1." .\:S.

________ COmmltlH.

R ich a rd H . Bro wer. L . U . No. 42

II 18 wll b tltt' II .... I:~t Ih"t tbe memherll of Ibil IOCIII mOurn Ibe I uddan lIealIL of our Ilrother. Ulehnrd 11. lI,..,wer.

it elW"'t'<1. Th~t wblle we I)[)[nll], ho ... au ' he.(I~ In lubn.lulon 10 Ills will ... t 'O"" 'n uo 1"8~ Ih~ takln~ nwu' or our u~O<'I.te .nd our hen'lfelt ~rml'" t1lr I~ Ulendetl I" hili IIe~ftvp(1 wlte Ind t"m t,. and we ronln,end th~m tl> tbe CSM! at Him "'bO doelb IIll thing, w~ tI ; Ind lie It furtber

Hetlol n d. That II ('(Ipy or tI,"t ......... Iullon. " "r 'Plld .. n ! ILe mloute. o f Loea' {lnlon ~o. 4:!. . It . t:. W ... ('(Ipy be llent t .. tbe famll7 (If Oor late B.olher and ft rop1 be ten l 10 Ibt

•

hllernatlonal om('tO 10 be publ\~b~ In tbe OllldaJ JoumaJ .• 011 Ih.1 Ollr ... hner be draped In moumln!; fo r 30 d.u ill mtmory of ou r late Brotber .• !Heh.rd 11. Ur(I"'er.

Jon:s DOLA:S. WAI.TE II T. (;,\ltOIS}:n. Jo;UWI:S W. T}:IIII.".I..

CommlttH. ---

Ca.per W arner, L. U. No. 17 6 Wb~rf&! ,"Iuol~hty God. Iu 1111 Innnhe ",I.­

dom. bu ~n nt 10 c.1I f .... m OUr IIIldn our eilteemlOd and ","ortb , Iln)lber. Cuptr Wlgner. "'ho l'II8i1fltl on to hI, " ..... lIIt. re ...... II. .nll

Whe ..... &! 1. ..... 1 , 'nlon ~o. 176. Iute.nallonlll Brotherhood of Elec:1.lcal Wo'kt.... bu .uf· fered tht 10$1 of • lrue anll wortby U.Olber ; thtretore be It

Uf"fIoi>·ed. Th.1 wI' ~:rl"nd to tbe he ..... '·ed !lImll, our bH.rlrelt ..,.mpat hy ; .nol be It futlber

llaoolred. Tb.1 • ('(IP1 of tb_ ........,1I'tlou. be seOf to Urolh~. WIIII:ner'l t~III\1, .• ro l" IH! pnbllBhed In the Journ.1 of Eleetrlca l W ... h ... and Operalorll: lod th.t onr ~b.rter IH! draped 10 m .. urnln~ fo r . luttlble period 10 lIue resptel to bl. m~mo..,..

c. M f.;l'EIIHOt·F. 1I ...... lt(lIng ~.ft.ry.

i'o bl' my pnfi!iino.

my tank arcolllplisI!rb nub tl,l' lung buy i'IIJur.

fRy Wn!)rfi t akrl1. null in my Ill'art

Stllllll' latl' lurlt l.liuging.

1frt 1111' br !JuU,rrri'l to till' Ilttirt ulrst.

wl!l' Blll1lll1llltt l.lplrnllib anb lirrrnr.

Ra,. F . Miller. L. U . No. 125

"'bpr,,11 Altalltht,. GOt!. In IIlI Innnite ... Ia· dom. b .. IMn lit to call f .... m OUr midSI Ollr Hlfotm~ lind ... ortby U .... ther, Illy F. l i ltler: .nd

Wbt'f"M1 !.neal '['ilion 1'0. IZ:; 111011 ..... Ibe 10M of • \l"UP and 101.1 member ... bo ..... held hI.!;b In ~be I't'l:lIro a bll feU(I ... meu; tberetore

"''' RtIOl"~. That .. e eJlelld to hi. IH'rf'fl"~ ... Ido ... nd f.mll7 au . he.tlf~1t .ytllPIIlh,. .od t<Jo80l.tIOIl 10 Ibtlr bonr ot bt ...... Hment; IDd be It furthtr

Uesol .. ed. Tbat ... e IInpe our ch. r lfr for a period ot fb ln,. d.7.. that • roP1 (If Ih~ n!IIOluUOnll I>f !lfnt 10 Iht ~,"r~ famll7. a cop]" be 8p .... d on Ihe mlnutH of our 10C1I 1 and a rop)" be iltUf to Ollr Olllelil J ournal tor Illlbllealion.

:l.! . ('t'l!UY. J SC"OTT MIL1'E. M. O·A. CAlI II.

Commit lee. ----Frank M orte. L. U . No.9

WILeT"l'u It hu Il lea~!!!1 Almll:hly GOd . In Il ls inlln"e ,,·lllIom. 10 e.ll f .... m Ou r mldal Our elIleen,!!!1 l)rot b.e r , ).'r.nk Mo ... e: 80(\

Whereu In tbe lI~atb ot BrOlher Mo~. Locftl Unlou 1'\0. II. at the l uternRtlo".1 U'Olherhooll at EIt'<:lrtc.1 Wo.leerR. hu 10llt ooe of It. l"~'al and de .... tell membe •• ; be It Ibe"tore

1!1!1K>1"!!!1. Th.t l.ncal Unloa No. II hereb7 up ......... " It I ftprt'clatloo of the great .. ortb to our Brotherhood ot t be devotion ot Uro l h~r l l or>!-e IInll rel[1st"r1I It, kee n 10$1 In bl. pas.· log; .od be It fUrlber

443

IlNOh~ . That !.neal UIII .. n :So. II uprHIIH It. \"(Indo]ell~ 10 bll f.mlly In Ibelr hOll' of ",,"I bt ...... f'llJenl; .nd IH! 11 furtller

IlNOl1"~. Tbat • ('(Ipy of tbti!e n"1IO)llItloni be IItll t to Ihe f.mil,. of OUr late Brother Mont'. a ('(lP1 spread 011 Ihe mlnule. of our l.ocal Uo • Ion. 1'0. 9. alld I rop1 be Kill to tbe Olllela' Jonroal of our Brotherbood for publlcatloll; .nd be It fUrlhu

I!NOh·~. That lbe cbutf. of Loea.I I:lIlon 1'0. II be dl"lj)fld In mOUrlilult fo r a lleriod of Ihln,. daU In melllO.,. of OUr late Brother.

JOH:S I_~YPI:S(; . 1U,:S I EL MA:S:SISG. IIARUY SLATf:lI.

_________ CommlltH.

Fr.nk Bean. L. U. No.9

Wherea. II ba8 pleal!ed AlmlJ;bt1 {iod. In III. lonnhe ,,·Itdon •. to rtmOV" from our mld~l our t:ood Rrolber. F'raok Bean' " .. d

Wbe'~11 III tbe lleatb .. f )Jrolher Beao. )..ocal !Joloo No. II. of fbe InternallonaJ lJ .... lherbood of t;]ec:trle.' Wo, keMl. baa IllIIt 001' Of It I oidul and btfft mem~MI: be II tberefo~

IlflMOlu·d. That IA}<.'II Unlou :So. II .ekllo ... · l'lJI;1'II It. gre.t ta..;r In the tleath of n .... lhH I~.n Inll Up.tIIl!ell Ita apprecl.tlon for hi. devotlOo 10 tbe prlnclplell at true UnIOlllsf"; ~nd be It fu.ther

II l'IIOl,·td. Thu Loe., No. 9 up..- I .. 87ml"O[b7 to Ibe f.mll1 of "u' Il'ood .nd kind Ur(llber In t he bour at tbel r gr.!lll ~re.ve· ment; anll be It furtber

RHolved. That ~ ('(IP)" of these . trIOl"lIon, W aent 10 fbe f.mll1 of OUr lott Ilrothe. IleeIn, • roP7 be .p ....... d all tbe mloutea of Our l.oc. UolOII :So. II •• ud • roP7 be llent tn the omel.1 Journ.1 of our BrolbHhood lor pllbU"-tlon: end be It further

Itt'lOlved. Tbu Ihe eb.rter of l.oea l \;nlon :So. 9 ~ d,.pet.! In mou roln~ tor II llerlotl o f lbirly d.,. III memory of Onr I.'e IIrOlhtr .

\\·ILLIA:l.! P ,\Il" Elt. nAX !},L ~ I A""N I NG. HARIO' S LA'f E lt.

________ Commhtet.

J ame, O'Bern. L. U . No.9

Wber .. _ A!!lllgln, G<>d. In His lunulte ,,' I,· dom. b .. call!!!1 f .... m Ihe Beeoe of hi. enrlllJ], dwelling Our "'Ileem~ Brolber. J.me. O'Ue ru; ,.,

Whe ...... In Ibe passing of Ilro~ber O· Der n. 1 ...... 1 1'0. 9. at tbe Inlern"tlon.1 Il rOlberhood or I.;J,-,etrl .... t Wnr~ers. hn 108\ one nf ((I mall 10y~1 ~"d devOled memberll: ~ It t herero re

1t ... oh·('(I. ,(,hat III the death of nrolh~ r O·lle. u. J.oc.J NO.9 be. eb, e",p'1'88e1! Ha ftp'

r.n"'<'I.lIon ot bb great Be r~JCt'l!l 10 Ollr llrolher· '00<1 and Ti!COgnut'l!l Ita tee" lou 10 hll p ... I,,/:,. and It turlber tl<lIreslell II! roudolelle@ 10 hi. flmlly In Ibelr grellt lOlls; anll be It furl her

Uaooh ·ed. T hai a ('(IP1 ot tbll re!lolutlon be aeut to the f.mlly or OU r lale Urolher O· Uer o. Ih~ t " ('(11'1 !}f! 811reall 00 t be mlu ll lU Of Ollr Loe., Uolon No.9. and Iblt a cop,. be leu t to the Olllellli Journal of .. u r Urolb~rbond to r puhllcatloo; and be II furtber

ItteOhl!!.l. 'l'bftl Ibe cbarfe r of Local Ullloll :So. 9 be dl1lllfld for. perlotl of lhlrt7 lI.y. 10 memory of Our late Urotber.

JOliN LA~IPI:SG. JA~n:s II AI. I,. HAllny SL.\T.;U.

________ Con"n1tlfot.

Ed.ar C. Coldea. L. U. No. 465

Wbe ...... ~ Ibe n.od at DelItln], ha. ca" ...... onr belor~ llrolbU. Edgar G. Golden. 10 be ....... "'o .. ~ t .... m ou r mldlt; alld Wb~,"1 hi ..... n,. .. lrtllH ... 111 IH! ]onlO .......

melU~red b7 thOAt .~I.t~ ... lIb blm •• nd Ibl • ..., rld haa bee .. "'ade beller b,. bI! brltof IIOjoorn bere; therdl>re be II

1l ....,1 .. ~. Tbat Local 1:lIlon 1'0. ~6<>. I. 1J ~~. W .• Ufe"" to the l>erea .. td t.",lty Ollr .In· ~" '1I11palb)" In IhLt hour of IOrro'" .lId .. e pra,. lhat lie ... bo 1M tbe only refulOe .,..,11 gire Ihem lI il dlfille ..... mfon and ('(IulOl.llon; be II fnrlber

It tilOl~ed. Tbat our cha.ter be d.at>e<1 for Ihlrt, da1a. tb., • ('(Ip,. of tbelle rHOlutlon. he ItIIt 10 Ihe f.1II111 of our 1.le Brother. Ihat a ('(Ip,. .... Ipl't'.d ou tbe millutt'll •• nd thai II ro,! ~ lellt 10 tbe Olllel.1 J ou.ull fo. pub 1"-lll>n.

C. A. n.;T1E1'\NE. A. w. ".: ITJI. ll. J. U;(i(iE'M'.

__ ~ _____ Commlltl!t'.

No fad about humen natu r e seems 110 cer. t.ill IS Ibat ou r honeat c .. nvic t io na of right and wrong are .pt to be la rgely shaped by our interests. Slave·owner s fe r ve ntly be­lieve .'.ver y to be right, bllt not becau!Ifl they ti ... t r easoned it out o n abltnct ground~ •• nd then be/:eme slave·owners.

- M. R. Co"_.

444

W E CLASH W ITH LEAGUE FOR I NDUSTRIA L R IC HTS (Contlnued from IlligI' ~OO)

the (JuJttl,,&" I, to violnte II ~ontT.et or com­mit ,orne other wrong. Mllny men m~y ordl. narlly quit at the Sllme lime fo r any Tuaon or no r('IIBon, but when mBny men "!CTeo among thcrnaelvu to quit {or the purpolt! of in­lIicUnlt an injury their conduel thRatena the In,,"lon of the equal (,IT lupl!rior rlghtfl of othl'u. When.1I of the men quitting to_ kether are directly intnelted In the .ame lawful objective and the injury, If .ny, I. vl,ited directly UpOn ona from whom they are Itrlving to ue:Ufl!l II 1""ltlmatll !)tooellt for themselves, tbe 1a .. reco,nil'" their flrhl to Quit In \loiton and reg.,da the InJury •• Incidental. But, of eoUrH, the la. doe. not rrcoknl~ the right of men to 11:0 about the country orpnizing and dlrectln¥" m~n to quit for the purpose of Inllieting Injury upon perM"I, who hav~ no relation with the men who ue quitting and whote a(tlville. do not directly atreel them. The Bedford Cut Stone eate dot!. not legally prevent an,. man from quitting ""ork fo r any renon he may have. It legany prevents a certain KroUl' ot men trom ordering otheu 10 quit work for the lole purpose of inOieting injury upon thoBa ""Ith whom the men who quit have no relation.

"S. The right to organi:.r.e. Thl. right ear· dea with It the right to remain unorCllniled. Like other richh, it cannot b~ uud to ahelter .n attempt 10 mllke and circulate nuntor· fell money, or to overthrow the govHnment or atred induat";al chanjl;e' by violence and ,alxltare. If th~ organiJ.atlon la uled to comlM'l other men, under penalty of Injury, to ~nrorm to luch manner .nd method. of conducllng their atraira a, the ofjl,'anlution may dirfft. the organiutlon .. \11 be halted, jut ••• n individual .. ill be h.Had. The rl'llOn why organ;z.ationa more frequently Itel Into trouble with the I.w for doing thinit" whleh an individual milt'ht do without Iff'll IIII' into trouble ia due whol1y 10 the fact thnt the power of organllnUon I, great enough 10 inflict injury, wherelll tho powel of the individual i9 not.

"The Rood effect of labor or/{nllbntlon CAn· not. of co",,.e. justlty Illepl nCllvltlea by labor Ofjr;anilations any mon thAn the good errectl of corporate enterprise jullity Illegal oper.tlon. by a corporation. Labor or,ani· utlonl have conferred c~at benefit upon .age earnen. upon indu,try and upon the .. elfare of the country in the .ork that they have done for the pall&llre of la ... protact­inr wage earnen againlt fr.ud., In the mill· ter of wage payments, in th. promotion of .. tety and .. nitalion cod .. , in the promotion of ",·orkmen'. compensation law. and In tbe reltrlctlon of immigration. At varioul time., and In varioua industries. they hll.vo brought .tablllty lind have aided labor in ltIcurlng dl'<:eut wlI.&"ell. hout! and condition. of em­ployment.

"But these Yirtuu do not give organiled lobor the right to coerce all workerl to Join orcanlutlona. They do not give the right to coerce every employer 10 Ilgn • contract agreeing to employ only memben of orlan· W:od labor upon luch terml al the orpnill' tlon rna,. lay down or Inlliet "unl,hment upon the employer .. an alternatlve_ The pouible beneticial exercilee of a right dot!l not JUltlfy the actual detrimental uerciM of It. The brilllnnee and courage of Benedict Arnold at Quebec did not JUIUfy him at Welt I'olnt.

"4. The right to a .odal ware. There i, no .uch legal right but tbe moral claim to a _1.1 ware. like the claim upon any other kind of .. a~. depend, upon whether it II earned or not. Whatever m.,. be the lOCial .. Iue of the contribution which .ny man malr.e. to an enterprile. he ii, of courae, en·

Tile Journal of Electrical Workers and Operators

titled to. The dilllcully I. to estim.te it .. ith a reason.ble degree of aet'urac,._ TbAI que .... tion hal plagued emplo)'era and employee. in every agt! and ever)' place. The but way to insure a social wage. like the beat way to insure the h;Chc~t polilble wage, is to make lobor ns valuable Ila ponlble. Thb ca n be done by encouraging enter priae rather than discou raging it. Thll more enterprise therll ia in a country, thl! more demand the~ will be for Inbor and the hlll"hl!r will be thl! wag ... Nothing but a lubatanUal demand for llbor will keep the wnru of labor high for a con· aiderable period of time. The folly of organ. ized labor h .. be-en that it too frequently in. tufered with an employer, not beeause he WIS payinll" 10" waRes. not because hi! work­ers were dluatllllffi. not bee.use he w .. not aiding the denlopmenl of tbe country and increasing the demllnd for labor, but simply because he refuted to tie himself by a trade union Ilg reem(!nt.

"If • lIot!iar wage I. a prime objective of trade union lam. the principal business or trade union. would be to nudy the meana and capacity ot In rndultry to pay high wages_ They would offer di,inlerelled belp to IIny employer of labor in the lolution of those problema that would mnke hil entn· pr ise pay better_ The demand for their lervices in thl, connection would rise sharp· ly in proportion 10 their lutteS!! in demon_ strating their ability to rive conatructive aid.

"5. The right to affect Industrial policies. This right, of COUnl(', il open to any eltizen in proportion ,1& he II able to inOuenee in­dustrial eventa. Th(!re ue upward of 1,500 •• 000 wage urnera organ Iud and dealing .. ith their emplo)'erlthroutrh (!mployee. repreaenta· tion_ Complny union, are uerciling an in­cre.sing inOuence upon Indultrial polieiea. They are developIng I "emocrltic order. H has been dearly demon.lrated tbat .. age earnera may affeet indu.trho.J policies upon. wide leale without belnr org.nized in trade unions. On the other hand. it ;1 to be reo membered that many Irad .. have been widely unionized which ue now non.union and in which the bittern".. of employers againll unionism ;1 very .trong. F rom 1918 to 1922. thll mineu In northern Welt Virginia and throughout the Kanawha Vlllley were almOlt enlirely organiled In the Uniled Mine Work­ers. Their experl(! '1ce with the United Mine Worke,. had a deep (!ffect upon the industrial polk." of the minlnc Indultry in Weat Virginia_ ~The da)' to day rrrect of .ny inftuence

upon indultrlal poliei .. mUll depend upon conltruetive Imarlnation. The InOuence mUll

be helpful to tb. pro'petity of the indultry. If the in"uence at work il more Inlerested in de .. eloping the power of an organiJ.ation than the prosperit,. of th. Indullry. It must sooner or later meet with defeat. Only a healthy

Indullr), can keep iU ",·orlr.e,. employed. In· terelt In the healtb of the indoltry ralh(! r than the power of the union will determine how ful1y the riKht to affect Indultrlal poll. ci .. un be exercised.

"Thele right. and claims which the JOUR­N,l. I, of .:t.tcTJtIC,l.t. WORKERS hilI enumerated pre vlluable to everyone, and parUcularly vnluable to the wage earncn. But al the prOiperlty of the wage earncn depend. upon the eo-operative effort .nd prolper lty of the entire citlun,hip. ao wage ennen, orpniud or not, mUll exereise these rirht, In eon· formity with the equal r ighta of oth('r cltl· unt, and alway, with a view. not to the pown of a partieul.r grouP. but to the pro,· perit,. of tbe entire aoeiety_ The wace urn· er, IIkll the invator, the trade union, lIlr.e the corporallon. II In businesa, and the man In buslnell can onl)' ltay in bUlinI''' and profit year Aller year by rendering a ,eryice through hll work o r enterprise which addl to thll prolperily 01 the people II a ""hole and Increase. their demand for the tervlc," he h .. to render and their capacity to P')' for It. The exerdae of any right in contravenllon of thl, relult ia againat pubJie welfAre and i. ultimately deatruetive of those who claim to nerciH It." ---Ant Firemen Extinguish Fires

A remnrk.ble ant hill the denllenl of which ~an put out tirea almost a. elf~etlvely 1\1 humin fi remen il desc ribed In a recent inue of Ln Nature, ill Paril, by MlI~_ Mar­guerite Combes. A amall burning taper of the kind used in g .. ·\ightera .... placed on the Int bill. Immediately anta arrived to e.lamine the fire. Many ahowed creat u­cilemen\. Presently ,"ome of the Insect. climbed the Imall Itick to whlrh the burn. Inc tap('r Will attached and Iqulrted onto the lIame the tiny jell of liquid formic .dd which anll of this variety can eJen from their jaw. II a weapon aKainlt enemlea. Othera of the insect firemen attacked the burning end of the taper with their Jawl, lueceed!nlC in nibbli ng oft' bitt of It pvun though thp near approach to thp Hnmp mcant that th~y were burned and killed. Vcry lOOn the name WII elt;ngui.hed. bul at • COlt ot many of the insect berou_ Repeated uperlmenh reaulted aimilarly. Alway, the alltl of thl, hill extingui.hed a burnin&" taper, eyen a burning candle. pla«d on their home or near it. Testl with four other ant hill. led to quite different ruults. Thu~ anti left the fire alone; only the denlsenl of the llrat hill attaeked it_ Perhapi the mo.t Interutinc of MlIe_ Combe.' observa­tion. ware those of two ant Oremen about to call themtelvel on tbe fire but vi,lbly reo .trained by a compllnion from the fatal ad.

r---'''JIFFY '' SOLDER D IPPER solders 60 to 75 .". jolntl with one heat. Doesn't Imoke the ceil·

ing. Ipill ~oldcr or burn the insulation.

" J IFFY" JUNIOR CUTTER

Cut.. holes 1 to 3" in dillmeter in sheet metal, "---'-,-_'- OuUet boxes, bakelite. etc. Fit.. any atandllrd

SnldH bruce, It may also be ullCd with drill press_ I)lp",. Weight 8 ounces.

1' '' 1;1, W . KU( II • 10U I ' \ )o,\, H .. om 400. 111 Ii. \\ .. II. St., C 1.!.,. .... Iii_

I'.ad <)loed Ond ,._. 0:. .. ,,,1 n O<' _ ,1111',. IJIpPH • 1 1.00. o s,..,uJ one a .I • . ~'oller • tiI.OO_ Street o S ... d _m1,I .. t. JIIf,. bIlIlUI _ _ (,It )'

The Journal of Elect1'icaL Worker" and Operators 445

W OMAN'S W O R K (Continued from pa!:e ~I:l:)

believe that this eode seU forth the duirea of working women, we venture to doubt whether they will fool tho workers any more than they did with their piou~·appear­ing child labor code.

The code aI formulated UYI:

"I. From time to time movementa arise to enact lawa in our legislative bodies which unde r the guise of protection effect tbe fol· lowing injurioul reaulh:

"Restrictlon of the field open to women worken, limitation of their houn of employ­ment, eurtailment of their wages, r eduction of opportunitiu for promotion and advance· ment, .nd • lessening of the v.lue of women worken to employers.

"2. We .ppreciate the fact that the inter· I!$l$ of men and women worken and of their employe ... are interdependent.

"3. We .lIIrm the r ight of adult women to freedom of contraet.

"4.. We hold the m.ture employed women • hould forever be removed from dauifieation with children and young persona.

W5. We repudiate the .uumption that the wages .nd hOUri of msture worken shali be fixed by law.

"6. We recognize the need for judiciou. st.te leV.I.lion for the protection of chil . dren.

"7. We endor5e the application within in· dustry of Kientlfic meaaurel for m.intaining the high Ilandards of human welfare."

All s t.temenu by memben of the Woman'a Party and the Manuladurer,' A$sot:i.tion to the contrary. woman ', strength and enduro .nce are not equal to that of mnn; but "·om· an's capacity for exploi tation seems endle ... Lawl which limit t he houra women may work. prohibit night .... ork or work in danger­ous occupation., or set a minimum on wage., do not limit the opportunities of the . kitful and capable woman worker, for s he ia 10 va luable that eonditionl and wagea will be adapted to luit her; but luch laws do limit the demand. which mlly be made On her dulle r , s lower aiaten by g reedy employers.

While threugh trade uniona women work· ers h.ve achieved "'ages and condition. far better than the minimums Ht by law in the most prognssive atltea, you do not hear trade unionist. advocating the rep.eal of these law., which would leave unskilled, un· organized women workeu .t the mercy of their employen. Tradea unions have gener­ally .... orked ha rd to better the lot of unor· ganized women and ehild worken. But the National Auoci.tion 01 Manufacturul wanll the public to believe it know. more of what women worken want than tho tradea unions d •.

And the committee referred to as "women in indu.try" who drafted the manufacturefl' code i, made up of the arbtocratic ""omen welfare and emplorment dil't!etors of .uch comp.nie ... the Eastman Kodak Company: the Diamond Chain and Manuladuring Com· pany; the Atlantic Wiro Compan)', and th& United lIo.iery Mills Corporfllion.

Clock to Beat Time for W orld One vut pulse of time will beat through­

out the whole world, ticking off each two thousnndth or three thousandth of • ~econd as long u seience lut. , Il the propOSlIl of Professor Arthur Korn, inventor of a prominent German procul for transmitting pictures over wirel , II adopled internation­ally. · The proposal would gh'e effect to the idea of one world·wide. highly accurate time for sdentific purp08e!, advocated

months nge by Dr. Albert Eins tein and other t:uropean lcientis t.. Profenor Korn'. plan promises an IIgrccment of bet· tcr th.n one one~hundred th O:> U"lndth of a aecand between leientific e1 0eh throughout the world, instead of the variations of a fifth of a lecond or more whkh are now common between the official s tandard timel of different rounlrics . Radio broadcasting wauld be Uled to dia tribute Profellor Korn'a new world time III it is used now fo r all the nandard timea, but the new a ignals would nat be sent in the dot-duh fo:>rm of the llresenl time s ignal! . Use would I' e made, inatead. of the s )'nchronizing mil' ~h;nes now used in syatem, of television, to keep the If'ndlng and reeeivin&" instru· ments aceuratt.ly in step. A muter Iyn· rhroninr would be ins tallf'd at some cen· tral time alation, bealing the one aupreme time pul~e for the whole world. Radio WaVeg controlled by this mister dock ,.0;Jld go out to rereiving atal 'ons in every eountr)', where synchron lud recei,'era wou!d kecp the. docks of that country .c· c urately in tune with the time be.t of the world .

England Builds Giant Airplane

Not only i. England building the larreat dirilrible airship e,'cr conl tructed. to be equipped with passenger cabins and other accommodlltion. rl'5embling those of .n o: enn liner. but that country must be nl'dited with conl tructing a I.rger air­Il'ane. than hal )'H been lIown auccesaful1y. Known 81 the Beardmore Inftexible. thi . pl.ne il now being teated at tbe experi­mental field of the British Air Ministry at )Inrtlesham Heath. Three ('ngines are used. each of 650 hone power. The total weight of the craft, when loaded, will elceed lixteen tons. As man)' as thirty l'usengen could be carried for short ftights or the .irplane could be equipped with more luxurious qUllrtera far fewer pusengers. The s hip il a monoplanc. built

o f the metal &"Irde r eonat ruction used in Zeppelins. As yet the. giant pl.ne has not been allowed to take the .ir, the Itrength nf girden and other structur.l unlta being tested by Ihort hops and "taxi_ln g" a long the ground. Active competition for passen· ger trafllc i. foreseen between Hghter,than. !tir ships like the Zeppelins and giant air­pilinu like the new Beardmore Inflexible.

DEATH CLA IMS PAID FROM J ULY I , 1928, I NCLUD ING J U LY 3 1, 19 28

Local Name 125 Roy J.'. Miller 402 Cornelius Sulliv.n 365 J amea L. Entrekin

S Emil KUl,a ._ lSI W. A. Kemp 290 V.I'. Saunders ..

9 F. V. Mane 367 F. L. Heater

S Wm. Perry 38 N. Lorent . ..

I. O. Bernard A. Cawle)' IS4 Stanley 1I. Tadda 184 Richard A. Carroll 536 J OI. J. WQy _. 6117 C. J. Slulting_._

3 S. S. Friedman .. _ 98 C. E. M.gowan ~

569 W. R. Butler 4.6 Carl ColtQer 3 Jamea A. Condon

4.2 n enry lIurke .. _ 62 H. S. T.ylor ..... . _.

176 C. J. W."ner .... . 6 Jeue Gill (Balanee)

210 1.. E. Uuker 134 J. C. Cardner 113 J. B. Bridges.. I. O. A. O. Hrads haw

Total elaim, paid from July ineluding July 31, 19"..8

Total .:Iaims previous!)' paid

Total claim. paid

Amount $ 1,000.00

825.00 475.00

1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

300.00 1,000.00 1.000.00 1,000.00

825.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

475.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

650.00 300.00

1,000.00 650.00

1,000.00 666.66 4.7UO

1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00

$ 23,641.6{;

$ 23,641.66 1.353,523.4.4

$1.377,165.10

BUILDING EXPENDITURE

RESIDENCES

44.%

AND UTILITIES

15%

[lUILDINGS

PUCLIC AND 5EMI- PUBLIC

BUilDINGS 12%

16% COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

446

WHAT MAY W E EXPECT OF T ELEVI SION?

(Contlnued from pMlrt ~IO)

crowded air. or course, the ahorl-wave end is the only place where we elln even hOlle to accommodate any new-comen. And with the avalancllG of requnt. for ahort-wave cb" .. -ncla not only here but abroad-lind nmtmbtr, the .hort''''II''1I t ..... amintr makel II neiah­borhood out of the entire ""uTld-it t. dlmenlt to He where a .. SO-kilocycle dlannel I. going to be found. The only holM' I. that the Federal Radio Commiuion .. ill make room for jUll one power tclavl.ion tran.milter. «ntrally located, which will be upllhle of doing II naUon.wide job during the ea~r i­mental development of thl, new IIrt, """th radio "1001",,"-111" invited to tllke pllrt.

Even with a 100-\ino Image, we connot ex­peel much by way of ruult.. We mny pcr· hap. rccognlu a (nee, bceRule lueh detail . Il! teeth. eye brow!, elgnrelte Imoke nnd tie will be noticeable. lIowever, oUlaide of 11m· pic (orm! and limited liled ImRl'el, we ean· not hope to see a balleball game, R prize light or anything or that eatel'ory-not 10 long .. we are workin l' with our pr.aent tfthnique.

Th, variou. sptem. now belnr exploited with 2(l..line imagea or Ie .. are abJoluuly erude and hopeless. The face on the .reen, (or In.unee, can rarely be Identilled. Only .impl, thing. tan be tranlmittcod. It il extnmely difficult to mainu.ln Iynchronl.m, or nn undi,torted imnge, for more thlln a few fleeting lleconds.

Neverthcle18, plea" undeuland tlll1t al impractical u this televl.ion thing II todllY, It nrt'ordl no end of (un from n purely ex· per imental .tand poin t. The writer h .. had an enormoul kick out o ( Ilmple televl.lon CJ:. pnimentl. It remind. UI of the old daYI of the c rYltal detector, beadphones and hlt.or· min udio enlertainment. Then wa were in· lerHted In the IlUOIIlI uther than the ,"d of radio. Television II just that an o"er again , with more thrill. ~au .. the t«:h· nlque II loCI much more in"olved. And then il a lwaYI the (MUng In luch work thllt you may be the lucky ono to Itumbl, ae roll the mining link. AI In upe.rll11ent, then, tele· viaion i. hl'cl'f!. P IIlY with It-it'a gr!!lt aportl But, a. a commercial propo,lllon, It', many, many year. away-un Ie" lomeon, ,tumb]e.! aC1'01i lomething radically new and better.

A REVI EW OF T HE SEAT Tl.E YELLOW DOC CASE

(Continued trom pall'!! 4:!O)

ployer to grant them ~ertaln condltionl un· dn which they can labor al human belngl and tben turn around and vole him Into a legl.]alive or judicial politlon wh~ro he bu the power to en.cl, enforee, or Int,rpel h,wI to hi, benefit and their detriment. When will labor learn that it mutt aet colleetlvely on the political field aa well .. the Indultrilll! I'rlctically every important battle that labor hat 10lt In the ]ast 30 01' 40 yun h .. been 10lt due to the fact that tbe employer con­trolled the legillaturel Ind tho CIlu r lII. U you doubt this. look over the court recordl Ind ace the dcciliona that have been rendered agalnat labor.

Since this article ia IUppo.ed to denl main­ly with the queation of the injunction, we will conclude it with the nmllrkl of Judge Albert B. Anderaon, of lndianapoli., Ind., whcn he. pused aentcnce upon certaIn mem­bera of the Iron Workera back In ]012, J udge Anderaon uld:

"Neverthe]eu, it il worth while to oblerv8 that gO"emmen! by injunction la the parent and uuse of ~vernment by dynlmlte. When did men, nol otherwille triminal, berin 10 aay it wal necessary to UM elI:tra-lel'al meanl to

TILe Journal 0/ Electrical lVorke1'8 and Operators

enforel' rl!.~t for what they believed to be the righ ta of labor T It be,an in I point or period when It lK>came lhe habit of judl'ea tu interfere In Indu$lrlal di'pules in luch II

wilY" to crrrHO tho Impreulon /lmong greM malil'! or men thnt the eouru were in the pny 01 tho few to o]lprl'l8 the mllny."

MASS P RODUCT ION IS INSECURE FOR BOTH CAP ITAl. AND LABOR

('oollllul'<l tl'1)'O pige 401<)

Le.:,tu rer, Unl"t'flllty of C111~~OW: 1111 .. Ker. I'en U_ll'ren, Inlpeetor of FlU'tories and Member of Plfllam~nt. Sweden: Paul U. Kellolf', editor of The Su,.,~y, New York: Dr. Otto Upmann. Dll"I!<'tor cal the Inltitute for Applied r lycholo"" Berhn: Daua 111.,., ellccutlvo om",r, rhlmbor of Labor. Vienna; Dr. Charlel S. Myen, di rector ol the Ha­tiGnnl Inl t ltute of Induatrill.l P,ychoIG"y, London; Major 1. .. Urwlck. lion. generlll Iee­r u\.l1 ry of tho Mllnnll'ement Rueareh Groupl, London: and Drl }o'rledll Wunderlich, BurellU t or Sodal PoUtln, Berlin.

The offieerl elec:ted for the ensuing three yeara were: I'rl'Jident, C. H ... n der Leeuw, illlrtner, Ml'Ufi. de ,"en de Wed. J . 'lIn r.;'elle. 1I01l1nd: vice pmidentl, Mlu ~hry van Kll!O(k, KUI.e1l Sa" Foundation, New York. MI. M, I.. FledderUl, Holland, and Erich Lullbe, cblhman of the Worb Coun·

('II (ell'lploy_), Siemens, Ltd., Berlin: trell5' urer, (;barlel E. Jlck: mana,ing director, Menn. W, and R. bcob and Co., Ltd., Uublln.

Membera 01 the execu t ive comllli tteo clected bOlldo the offi(ctl wcre: Dr. A. Corregginri, con'lI ltlln t In industr!ul rehl.t!on8, Mila n: lJllgo \'on nlln, acting director, Internation­III Mllnllg(,lI'Ient Inltitute, Geneva; Dr. George II Mlle., n .... i.tant directo r, Nationll Inlti· tute of Induttrial P.ytholog)', London: Mias Loui.. C. Odeneranll, director, Joint Em­ployment Dvrellu for tbe Handicapped, New York: Spencer Miller, Jr., &eeretary, Work. en Eduution Bureau or America, New York: aod Dr. Friedl Wunderlich, 8 uruu for Social Politic., Berlin.

"We can make 4,000,000 automobile. ptr Innum with tho Inme labor thM II lew yean ago could nol mllke 3,000,000 per /l nnul11. It waa tho development of the automobile in­dUltry whleh laved U8 (rom unemployment. lIut where II the nellt industry to tnke up the labor that the inventive geniul and in· e ru.inl' mnchinery of the Unl led States ateadily pushel loward the lilt of un_ empioyid 1"

C. W. BAllllO!t, PruibJil of 0_ Jo.,. lI.d Co.,

Pub/i.M ... of l,q Woll St,.,,, J!lltrOIO/.

Buy Union Stamped Shoes

We ask all members of organized

labor to purchase shoes bearing our ~&."" Union Stamp on the sole, inner-sole

WORI<ERS UN!

~AM or lining of the shoe. We ask you

not to buy any shoes unless you =ry~

actually see this Union Stamp.

Boot & Shoe Workers' Union Affiliated with the A meriesn Federation of Labor

,

246 SUMMER STREET, BOSTON, MASS.

COLLIS LOVELY CHARLES L. BAINE General President General Secy-Treas,

GLOVES No. 109 L inemen ', Grey B uffed ha nd, all l.a t her 10 k nueklu _________ $1.35 pai l'

No. 206 C rey Buffed hand, a ll leal her

.' •• "111111 to ), nuckle. outa.am ___________ 1.50 pai"

SABIN COMPANY GLOVES, S»-l&-4oO W .. t Youngstown, Ohio F .... r.t SI..-t

The Journal 0/ Electrical Workers and Opel'ators

W LOCAL UNION OFFICIAL RECEIPTS FROM JUNE 11

11l:;.'1I~ 3~4:!.·of\

4(1:;00

jl9H~,il lr,.r,fl'll :;r,<i:!R.'

fl::lRO!I 7<ihOn ;<i!;11

101"<i(l

JULY

J •• U.

10, 1928 TO

447

QJ

If>nD 1I~31 981101 :!~O:l"~ !)!!~CD4 91!!II!I!! 728314 R!!~Dnl 1080'11:\ MnlIOO 01\292

!!!l11:m i"lN711 301711

448 The Joul"'Ilal 0/ Elect rical WOl·kers and Operators

L. U. NIlMsr;aa L. 11. !"l'MUnli L. U. Nt'Maua J. U. NUMUIII L . U. :-;UMSIIIS (l8!~-0:.!7G7I , 381. 6-10. 09:!-S054H. 702-172910. 049. 17300~ .

88~ _____ 9840~3 OS~GUO IO:'~ ____ 73~l)lI1 ,329M 01l0-:!33:; l S~10. :;21~30 206--80 1 ~·1 3-1..j4. 3u7-070508. 3W_14t liOO, OH . lHO-f)~!I:;80. :!G020. 0211.

886 _____ 258794 :!~IIIO 1072. ___ . 730088 7306113 1i4l..r;~3. 112-113I!1V:i 800 _____ 706207 700210 ION _____ ~ :.l~8.fS ;f:!:!$~:;

902 _____ 990019 990101 IOSIl ____ . 7:H701 7:!~!i1l" II"~ -:.!1)~~1 ":!ri. 10,,(l.-.1 ~0~,0I ;:'10 111 11--410011_

017·018. 7:\-l-2201 I ri. 7l:i9-13·U 89. 7GS-988:!S2. 9~1I-f13:!.136. M 1 1;:;0. fl1S--3ZMI56.

1037-8:-.0749. S04. lOI lJ.----.:!8OQ21. 1141-09011 70. 919.

1· ln: \ ' IO US I.V I. ISTED ~11"ls!! I ~(I-KI';(Jl'! 1 , · }; U ~7-4~65!57-1I(1O. :;1S";;SO. 57-4H{lS .... 75.

0011 ____ ....2&6126 286131 IO~O _____ 3~D~1 1 840:;31 ilK:!. 111. 7SO. 8!!1 . 8t8. 8:a~ 8:;,'1. 0241. !128. Olu. 0 13:;73· riH. ni8. MIG. Mill. 700. 1S0. 7311. N:!. 7H. HO. SH . S{i:!. 80S-86!l. 940. O~!!. !,!!}O. mHO~4 . QlWo, 070, 017 078. 082. O""~. 1 2~. 1:11)·1:1 1. l JI:I. H R. 151. 1(1 (1. 1\)0. ~02. ~08. 21~. ~ JoI ""1 ~"3 ""8

901 _____ 38780 3~10:! 10117 _____ II~ll)O(l OK I071 0 12 ____ 2842111 2~~flfI~ HI!)" ___ !'117M) :1 111(1:1 914 _____ i21:!0 12141 101Hi ____ IW::: •• :! 0[1::::;:):1 , Oil) 9 111 _____ 971100 0711 1' 11(l1 _____ 9~1:!:..2 :'\412tli 919 ____ 119110 (itt!!!! 1t(' l\. ____ S(lI!j(,:; SflltHl') 3-- 311~al. a71:! 1. :\7J,l0.

117~ :i3. :n:.!(I~. :11:\:1'). :17,'llri. 313~8. 3~Gt::,

22 !l1):HSt

02IL ____ COO I 30 09f,11:l 1108 _____ I)IHH Gl:!l)~

931 _____ RO~390 S6~1O~ 111 8 _____ 47049 4100\ !l3, _____ ~\):I:!:;1 211.'2'11 113" . ____ S II1 0 1111 IS 049 __ ~ __ I OO~4 " 10'\3::11 I HI !ltHIIlH:'l !l!l()\I!l7 ~41 :!IiIlOIlIl. 120. 1,'ln. D53 ____ 1:13,;(1:1 13:\\1,,, Illl ____ .~:I;!IIfll r.:1:l 7t'1O J 31l. liS. :!S!J. ~\jJ.

R30 9"0 ____ 03~II:!n 63~(jnO 11 n _____ f1f17Il fll 118771 1 9~1I ___ ._8HH :11 8·l n139 11:1(1. ____ 11 71 3·1\ 871 31" 20--::&:!fIOfl

~.10: -- , -- , - - • 00:l _____ !IS~2:; fl8rt:lJ) lIM . ___ At,MOO 4:11l800 34-:: 1!12!J2. 3011. 41- 7111'11\1;;.

711-I:I!it70. 21"1Q 21il. DOS _____ SH0391 869307 ll f,L ____ 322531\ :l:!2~4fl :12:;_1l01l 1l1l ~.

~11_777:!~1I. M 1- 11110ll1).

285. 3M·3~G. 402. ~O:-;. 1169 ____ 01ior,(1 OTN1!! IluU ____ . l!l 17!lQ 1\11902 0::; :.!(\ I:/(t'.l. :111. :\17

070 _____ 702782 70~101

!)7L ____ 41:!IH I H :!!l l il 9;2 _____ 81n:lIH 8 1!i400 978 _____ 3:!:;I'iH 3:!~,lIm

DII~ 2118 10 :!!I~:!Q 0fl1 ____ A02:!05 4 02~'!.ltl 995 _____ 101011'1 iO·196~

1.190 ____ 01}718 00731 l OO2 _____ 1fl6ll72 10071:1 1012 _____ 810000 S10(11J!I 102 1 _____ S~flC.Il\ SWO!iO 102 1 _____ (l7O!'iO I Oilll\11 10:!4 _____ (180110 OR7(1) 1025 ____ 9':!!l0fl 972'l11:; I O~ _____ 46C37 46045 1031 _____ 1191070 5010'10 1032 _____ !lR28!l!l 9S:!I)HI 1(130. ____ 633236 0332_;0 10:17 _____ 8:1G73 1 8~(l820 1042 ____ 3IUH,3 3M·IM 104(L ___ 2S1K12 1 28002(j

l\ITSSl l'o'G

18--3:!:II~~3. :; \ !ISHIDa. 7:!-1I0~I/I_ 7(1-1:1:>::100·:110.

104_20:;4:l 1...j 13. :!08--!lfl'l U S..J:ro. 214-7111282. :\0 \ -:1\1:11110. 31'\6-0001 10-126. 8 1(1-1}!) I !lUl-!14D. 3:!!I-tl!l!)l Sl) 100. 500--71 17"1 '3i1. 1I01_H}550:;. 1i!lti_!ltlM24·32::;. !'j07-284 l a·41~. 64B_2!!7:;:';:1 :;:;11. O.H 711118·120. 001-Oi:\8.l\·8411.

STRATEGY OF AMERICAN LABOR INDORSED IN EAST

(Contlmu'(1 t rom I'alole 431J

Labor g~n~rall )' i, ~ocinlisl ic. without much t rend to communism, Ill! pointe<1 out.

The top WflP:C tor skilled labor in the island is nbout $2.50 a <1ny. tlccording to Ur. Kitnsflwn, while wages in !Orne or the other linea a r e na low a8 40 eentl. Tllere a re no SundRY holidoys, of cooue, hut worken are sUowed two dUY!l of leiallre each muntl •. The eight.haur da)' hoa be~n adopted, at leut theoretically, in man)' induatriea.

Los! of Beaut,' Compensated

There ia a workmen's wmpenution law. One provision "llow! a woman worker to col­lect compenution for the lou of her benuty. If her fac. is diaflgu rpd In an Indo.trlal aed­dent, ahe may be awarded ISO tlmea her duily w:lge. .

Women, Dr. Hitasawn auerted, ore try'ng to increa!!<.! th~ir influence in J npan 118 they have in Am~rica. They are cndcavorlni to get the vote--flnd eventually will. he pre­dicted. Many of them abo ere backing the prohibition movement in the i.land, the pro· fessor loid.

Given DelCree III Il Ollklna'

Dr. Kitosawll ~pcnt fou r yenu at the J ohns Bupkins Un h·er~ity, roceivin g n Ph. n. <1<-'­gree in 1914. HiB reecnt vIsit, during which he was the gunt of Mn. Anna A. Yea worth and her daughter, Mu. D. C. Kothe, at 6237 Bellona AVenll/', WIlS the flTl~ he had madn to Baltimore since Jellving Hopkin"

Having studied industrial planh in New York and Chicago aince coming lO the United States three weeks agt). he will ~ail soon fllr lAlndon. n e will ob!lerve labor condition. In England Jo'rance and Germpny before rt­turning ;0 hia work in Jppan in September.

Dr . Kitasawa haa written lleveral hook •. among them "Pr",l;l"ml for I.abol'CrII." ." II IB' tory of Economic Thought" lind "Bulld'ng a New Society."-BaltillUlr<l SIIII-

ThiS Interdt$ US The Star-Spangled banner,

Oh long rna), it wave Whe;e the big corporationS

Jlava inter"'tS to Save.

121-0810014. 4H6. ~-\15. 47(! 06 .':\711(13 7O-!llfilr.:!3 7j--ltJ37~, ~O1.

."118-73160. 2 1:\-(1)3604-60:>. 307- 6(160711·079. 0810S2. 3f,'J 1270001.

1<~-71!':!3. 1:\26. 8:!1I. IHS. 71093

tuO---1I:it60t

:H):! 0,11311. 0:11. 750. ~18-81:!9:;2. ~:!n-t.6104~. 4~11-IHlII~:!:;.

0 84 ·0 S0. 1I:>1-1I3G3!l.IH O. :l72--4l1 78111·805 . 51};-lI1l!1!i3!1-~41 . r.311-(l0!l3 t3315. (140-600.;99-6(10. 0 18-Z273.1I.:I-\0. 4 11 1 \11:; fl'III-2~:I~t:I.!iI{i 711-31Jli11 .:mll 722-872218·220.

122 32~S!l0. 803. 4J';(I 97731. I :!I -32lHOO 127-1I~ 1072 . Ill l _!l"O:;~2

40r. 21424:;.

Hil :!H8H IMI 1I";311:! 11I.f-:!'1I11:;·480, ~S1 !l ll l.:!tI:!:!lI

~"! I 11I11i1l0, 5S3. ~P7-541S60. r~\I-lfI:;1ifI.1. MtZ_12!l21l1, 300 ~110-11l2S"7. \)29. 1i78--2:l0a(lR. IJI."~· K

~1I1-22:!o 10·0 ... ,1). 7(H-9931~I.ll1O.

I'R}; \ ' l OUllr, l ' I. ISTY.D

215 -SHIR l. ~..<:-i -201"1820. 0:12. ~4:'~- GM~O. (I~O tI~(j fI.,O :!(;Q-f)<:1Itl1l6. 710. 7211

:;~ ___ ~1tI~(I';'.

730. 203-iIl0390.

n."lI-l",834r.1). 0-18--221131. 43". HI

VO I I}-NOT VOID 978_325541 . 2f)1) 2:!9iOO. ;H .

~:;O. 4~2. 513. 51 7 !"iliO.

"There the iB3DCS reat. The. contribution thnt the new technology ia likely to mBke 1ft in

the directlOIl of tenching men how t o mnke n lnrger man contribution to industry, !lnd this

ie conalderllble. Ita faults, liB outlined above, rest on the pnroc111nl ehnrocler of the teehnique.

The lI ew technologist deelares: 'We must make the worken process-minded.' Alld labor

roplles. 'We mUIt mnk.: mnnllgement man-conaciou,'." M. H. IIcoocs.

PRICE LIST OF SUPPLIES "p(lIl.: .. lIo11 nIA.II;~ . P .... UML _______ --' . 7& ,breau. om .. I., S-nUce or. I'~' IDO _____ •• .M ,\ """"nl 11<>,,11;. T'''', ... '! .... ____ ._.... I .to flutl on,. It. o. ( nU'dll .. ) _________ 1.011 lI" tln"., 8. (I . (0 .... 11 '__________ .7$ Ih.lln .... 11. 0. _______ •• __ • ___ ._. .011 11 .. 11 ...... ( . .. 11'. II. (; " ..... p .. I. _______ •. ~ 1I .. lI n .. . Ooltl _t.,.crd DI ........ <1 S""I,<!d __ ' .M IInok, •• f'! n' _______________ U .OO 11. .. " .. . MInaI<, t ... ft . 1'. ,.m .. I1) ___ • ___ t:.1'IIl n ..... k . ) 1I11ul .. 10. K.. 8. (1"'le) ____ 4 __ 1.011 11 .. "k. )) .. ~ _______________ • ______ I JoG ' '''.,~. 1(,,11 1; .. ,, _____________ 4 _____ I JiO ('"rh .. 11 rD. 'Hel,,, .... "k._._______ .l1li (,10""",. rul .. ".111 011,1 ., _____________ &.CIO {' "n''I~''' 1"'1'11 ..... 1 .. _____________ 1.011 O"" .• I " .. lIl-'n , I"" 100 _____

4 _________ ,.lIIt

Slnlle ('''',1'''' ____________ ._ .________ . 10 Y, I .... I'I .. .,I Work tr. "ulo ... rll"lon I'er ,"", t.oo Y. .. v~ I"I'''''. om .. ".I. I'~' 100___________ 1.00 I ." I IIC ' . h", . .. luf hln,I" .. , InnnnclAt See-

rc l"',·,. ! o ,.h In<l .. " ________________ 0.110 I.NI ,,~ . "a.e. til lit .1" ..... 1"01",,,., per IIH) __________ • _______ .____________ I .W

I.edler. II1n ... clal S .. er .. lar~' •. 1110 ,.AI" lI.oo

1_I.cr. Ph .... cI., 8eeret ... ,· •• !OO P"'-"" _ 4.l1li ' _ I .:e ' , ''In . .. d,,1 "'",,'elar, ·,. 400 p".-e. _ a..1:1

(F"" ... U .... , Dlndll •• 1 1 .. " .. 1 • • ~I et.l. pe, 100 t.t5 ..... ,.,1 • • ""pc" "",. 100 __ _ .15 1 •• 1,,,1-. h.rl .. . b'! f D. ""no" ... 1 .. 1" 1 ...... 100 .35 Obll""Un .. ('.,d • • "nuble. 1"'-' do,,,"___ _!:I I'.PH, onlcl.' 1",lIu. net 11)0_____ .111 I'erml! (,."d. pe, 100_________ ." KII,,,.I • • • ,,1 ....... h____________ .U K~lt,~ lI"nk 1300 ........ Ip'.) ______ • !.oo K_II,I lIonll; 11110 .. ...,.,Ip'.) ______ 4.09 U...,..II,I no"". 111 .. " .... '"1 _ • .,tA.'·'____ .3-l u ...... 'I,1 nook. T'M8"'e r·'__________ .S~ I~ .. lpl 1I0Itl.'"8 ..... ch _______________ .U ttln •• H k"",' "0101 _____________ '.!Io(l

Itl" ... HI""", ",'fOell AII,I ",bll .. ",oItL __ 10.011 !I ... I. oul nf _________________________ 1.00 !'I .... I ____________________________________ 1.l1li ....... , (l<K'kf l) ____________________ 1.Ml T ..... "UII", C" .. I~. per dOMD _______ ______ .711 Witl"I .... ,,· .. 1 Cu,I •. willi T."no. Cfls .. per

flo~~11 ________________________ _________ .110 W n r kln. , ........ "er 1111. ____________ . __ .!Io(l \\· .. r ... nt nook. fnr R. 8.____________ .l1li

FOR E. W. 8. A. "p"lIrnllnn IIInnk •• PO' 100.__________ . 1~ IIn"k. ~ l ln"' .. ________ • _________ 1 .!Io(l ('h .. rl~'. ' lIallll~ .. lu __________ ._ •• _._._ ..IKI

METAL

Cnn~lIluUo n .. nd n ,._ I.,. .... , I,e. 100 ___ __ 7.M Sin I'" 0""1,,. ___ •• _______________ .10

Rlln"I_ • ...,h____________________ .tII

U .. I .. f/alen>e .. , 1Il", .. k". pe, 100_______ . 711

LABEL

NOTI"_The .. bo .... ,tlcle. ... 111 110 ... pplled "'h'!" tho re<;jIlI.1l0 .... 0 " .. ' or .,...11 _n"I> .... I ... tho 0'01..... 01100 ..... 1.0 the .nd e , will 110' be .....,.,.-0,."'1. All .. "plI.,. . oat br .. II h ...... PO"t","

ar ""PI"l" ella ....... prellald.

ADDRESS, G. M_ BUGNIAZET, I. S.

This Magazine An international publication with a

preferred circulation.

Read religiously by the pick of the Electrical Workers of th<: American Con­tinent.

Enjoys marked confidence of its readers. who own and operate its columns.

Serves as a mirror of the happenings. ideas. plans. accomplishments and aims of the labor movement throughout every industrial center of the United States and Canada.

Publishes exclusive articles of interest to labor everywhere and to the general public.

Fights for progress and the rights of wage-earners. for civilized industry. for clean government. for higher plane of living and for human welfare.

JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS

"TO ask a man 'what wages should you in justice receive?' is to ask perhaps the

profoundest of all human questions. He

is at once compelled to an appraisement of his own

contribution to the general good. He must look

not selfishly on his own material needs but take a

fair view of the needs of those dependent upon

him. He must go into the whole involved prob­

lem of his relationship with his fellows and to

answer the question aright, he must, in the end,

come to a judgment which will be nothing less

than a determination of what policy or plan of

wage adjustment will make for the permanent

well-being of the state."-Lane Commission Report.