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GRADE XI

UNIT 8

MIXED CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

(‘IF CLAUSE’)

Compiled by:

CATHARINA AWANG WARA KINANTHI, S.PD

Standar Kompetensi : Menulis

Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks esei berbentuk report, narrative, dan analytical exposition dalam

konteks kehidupan sehari-hari

Kompetensi Dasar :

Mengungkapkan makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei dengan menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis

secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dalam teks berbentuk:

report, narrative, dan analytical exposition.

Tujuan Pembelajaran:

Siswa dapat:

- menggunakan tata bahasa, kosa kata, tanda baca, ejaan, dan tata tulis dengan akurat

- menulis gagasan utama

- Membuat kalimat-kalimat dengan menggunakan ’mixed conditionals'

Pendidikan Nilai Serviam:

- Kegigihan : Melalui pembelajaran tentang Conditional Sentence (Mixed

Conditional) peserta didik mampu untuk menyelesaikan latihan dengan gigih.

- Kejujuran : Melalui pembelajaran tentang (Mixed Conditional) peserta didik

mampu untuk menyelesaikan latihan dan test dengan jujur.

Peta Konsep

Conditional

Sentence

Conditional

Sentence type 1,2,3,

zero

Mixed Conditional

What is conditional sentence?

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to

express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain

condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled.

There are some types of conditional sentence. Those are:

1. Zero type Conditional

We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if

clause' and one in the 'main clause'):

Examples:

- If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.

- If people eat too much, they get fat.

- If you touch a fire, you get burned.

2. Conditional Type 1

sentences are used when it is likely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Examples

- If it rains, I won't go to the park.

- If I study today, I'll go to the party tonight.

- If I have enough money, I'll buy some new shoes

3. Conditional Sentence Type 2

Type 2 sentences are used when it is unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled.

Examples:

- If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.(I probably won't win the lottery)

- If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.

- She would travel all over the world if she were rich.

If + [ present simple ], .... present simple.

"if" +[ Simple Present ], "will" + [Verb]

"if" + [Simple past], "would" + [Verb]

4. Conditional Sentence Type 3

Type 3 sentences are used when it is impossible for condition to be fulfilled because the

possibility has already passed.

Examples

- If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't

study and so she didn't pass)

- If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick (but I did eat a lot, and so I did

feel sick).

- If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane

REVIEW ON CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

A. Put the correct Conditional Sentence!

(Conditional Sentence type Zero, 1, 2, 3)

1) (I / wake up late / I / be late for work)

_______________________________________________________________

2) (my husband / cook / he / burn the food)

_______________________________________________________________

3) (Julie / not wear a hat / she / get sunstroke)

______________________________________________________

4) If I __________________ (go) out tonight, I __________________ (go) to the

cinema.

5) If you __________________ (get) back late, I __________________ (be) angry.

6) If we __________________ (not / see) each other tomorrow, we

__________________ (see) each other next week.

7) If I _________________ (be) you, I _________________ (get) a new job.

8) If he _________________ (be) younger, he _________________ (travel) more.

9) If we _________________ (not / be) friends, I _________________ (be) angry

with you.

10) If you ______________ (not / be) late, we ______________ (not / miss) the bus.

"if" + [Past Perfect], "would have" + [Past Participle]

11) If she ______________ (study), she ______________ (pass) the exam.

12) If we ______________ (arrive) earlier, we ______________ (see) John.

5. Mixed Conditional

Mixed conditionals are those unreal conditional sentences whose time in the if-clause is

different than the time in the main-clause.

A. PRESENT RESULT OF A PAST CONDITION

FORM

In this type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the past perfect,

and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional.

Examples:

If I had studied I would have my driving license. (but I didn't study and now I don't

have my license)

I would be a millionaire now if I had taken that job. (but I didn't take the job and I'm

not a millionaire)

If you had spent all your money, you wouldn't buy this jacket. (but you didn't spend

all your money and now you can buy this jacket)

If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.

B. PAST RESULT OF PRESENT OR CONTINUING CONDITION

In this second type of mixed conditional sentence, the tense in the 'if' clause is the simple

past, and the tense in the main clause is the perfect conditional.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + past perfect present conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would happen.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + simple past perfect conditional

If this thing happened that thing would have happened.

Examples:

If she wasn't afraid of flying she wouldn't have travelled by boat.

I'd have been able to translate the letter if my Italian was better.

If I was a good cook, I'd have invited them to lunch.

If the elephant wasn't in love with the mouse, she'd have trodden on him by now.

EXERCISE 1. She will be taking care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was

cancelled.

But, she (take, not) would not be taking care of the children for us next weekend if her

business trip (be, not) had not been cancelled.

2. Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday.

But, he (come) ____________________if you (insult) _________________ him.

3. Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married.

But, Marie (be) ____________________happy if she (give, not)____________________

up her career when she got married.

4. Dr. Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take

six months off to spend more time with his family.

But, Dr. Mercer (accept) ____________________the research grant at Harvard if he (take,

not)____________________six months off to spend more time with his family.

5. Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on

African tribal groups.

But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) ____________________so much about the Maasai tribe

if she (be, not) ____________________an expert on African tribal groups.

TRUE : It is raining right now, so I will not go for a walk CONDITIONAL : If it were not raining right now, I would go for a walk. TRUE : I was not living in Jakarta last year. I was not working at a bank. CONDITIONAL : If I had been living in Jakarta last year, I would have been working at a bank.

EXERCISE

A. Choose the correct answer

1. If I ________ you, I would apologize to her right away. (to be)

a) was b) were c) have been

2. 2. If I run into her, I ________ her that you're looking for her. (to tell)

a) would tell b) tell c) will tell

3. 3. If you ________ that again, I will call the police. (to do)

a) to do b) do c) will do

4. 4. He would never have asked her out on a date if she ________ him first. (to kiss)

a) hadn't kissed b) didn't kiss c) will not kiss

5. 5. If you were her, what ________? (to do)

a) would you do b) did you do c) do you do

6. 6. If she hadn't gone to England, she ________ Orlando Bloom. (to meet)

a) would not meet b) did not meet c) would not have met

7. 7. If it doesn't start snowing, we ________ this evening. (to go skiing)

a) won't go skiing b) wouldn't go skiing c) don't go skiing

OMITTING IF

a) Were I you, I wouldn’t do that

b) Had I known, I would have told you.

With were and had (past perfect), sometimes if is omitted and the subject and verb are

inverted.

In (a): Were I you = If I were you.

In (b): Had I known = If I had known

If can be replaced by words or expressions with a similar meaning.

The most common are:

as long as provided (that)

assuming (that) supposing (that)

on condition (that) unless

on the assumption (that) with the condition (that)

8. 8. If you had saved some money earlier, you ________ broke right now. (to be)

a) would not have been b) will not be c) are not

9. 9. If I ________ at the airport so late, I would not have missed my flight. (to arrive)

a) didn't arrive b) hadn't arrived c) would not arrive

10. 10. If you buy one t-shirt, you ________ the second one free (to get).

a) will have gotten b) would get c) get

11. Michael is a banker and he enjoys his work very much. However, if he __________

back to college next year he __________ a teacher so he could help children more.

a. goes ... will become

b. went ... would become

c. had gone ... would have become

12. Harry is a serious criminal. If he _________ one more crime he _________ to jail.

a. commits ... will be sent

b. committed ... would be sent

c. had committed ... would have been sent

13. There is a lot of evidence against your client. If she __________ to the crime I

_________ sure that her sentence is lenient.

a. admits ... will make

b. admitted ... would make

c. had admitted ... would have made

14. I am sure she didn't do it, so if my client __________ to the crime she __________

lying.

a. admits ... will be

b. admitted ... would be

c. had admitted ... would have been

15. It is her decisions, so I __________ her if she __________ to accept your offer.

a. will ask ... wants

b. would ask ... wanted

c. would have asked ... had wanted

16. If the police _______ the murder weapon she __________ put in prison last year.

a. find ... will be

b. found ... would be

c. had found ... would have been

17. If they __________ to arrest until last month she __________ the country.

a. wait ... will leave

b. waited ... would leave

c. had waited ... would have left

18. When the jury __________ into the courtroom they __________ straight at the

accused.

a. comes ... will look

b. came ... would look

c. had come ... would have looked

19. I believe that mankind is generally honest. Most people __________ the truth if they

__________ to do so.

a. will tell ... swear

b. would tell ... swore

c. would have told ... had sworn

20. I know it's not likely, but if she __________ her plea to guilty she __________ less

than five years in prison.

a. changes ... will get

b. changed ... would get

c. had changed ... would have gotten

B. Give sentences with the same meaning by omitting if from the conditional sentences.

1. The other team committed a foul, but the referee didn’t see it. If the referee had seen it, our

team would have won the game.

Had the referee seen it, our team would have won the game.

2. Your boss sounds like a real tyrant. If I were you, I would look for another job.

_________________________________________________________

3. The factory was on the verge of bankruptcy. If it had gone out of business, hundreds of

people would have lost their livelihood.

_________________________________________________________

4. We would have won the game if Thompson had caught the ball.

_________________________________________________________

5. If Thompson had not dropped the ball, we would have won the game

_________________________________________________________

6. The artists and creative thinkers throughout the history of the world have changed all our

lives. If they had not dared to be different, the history of civilization would have to be

rewritten

________________________________________________________________________

C. Create Your Own

Finish the sentences with a clause in the correct conditional

1) If it is sunny tomorrow ______________________________________________

2) If you sit in the sun too long __________________________________________

3) If I were you ______________________________________________________

4) If I were the Prime Minister __________________________________________

5) If she had studied harder_____________________________________________

6) If I won the lottery _________________________________________________

7) If I hadn’t gone to bed so late _________________________________________

8) If I hadn’t come to London __________________________________________

9) If you mix water and electricity _______________________________________

10) If she hadn’t stayed at home __________________________________________

11) If I go out tonight__________________________________________________

12) If I were on holiday today ___________________________________________

13) If I had listened to my mother ________________________________________

14) If I hadn’t eaten so much ____________________________________________

15) If it rains later _____________________________________________________

16) If I were British ___________________________________________________

17) If I were the opposite sex ____________________________________________

18) If I have enough money _____________________________________________

19) If you don’t wear a coat in the winter __________________________________

20) If I weren’t studying English _________________________________________

GLOSSARY

Word Definition

Clause

/klɔːz/ /klɑːz/ noun [ C ]

a group of words, consisting of a subject and

a finite form of a verb (= the form that shows

the tense and subject of the verb) which

might or might not be a sentence

REFERENCES

Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall,

Inc.

Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 5th ed. Cambridge: University press

http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/mixed-conditional/ Retrieved on: 6 March, 2015

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/conditionals.html Retrieved on: 6 March, 2015

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/conditional-mixed-exercises.html Retrieved on: 13

March, 2