Glossary of Archery Terms (used in Australia) Responsibility

Policy Name: Glossary of Archery Terms (used in Australia)

Responsibility Archery Australia Inc Board

Effective 1st January 2013

Policy Number 1001

Version 2

Archery, like any sport, has a vocabulary all of its own, with many terms defined in a unique manner. This is necessary so archers can communicate with each other very succinctly and precisely. The following is a list of the common archery terms and there meanings: ADMINISTRATION AND TOURNAMENT TERMS

20 and UNDER CLASS Age class for Youth Athletes from the 1st January the year after their 17th birthday to 31st December the year of their 20th birthday. 20 and Under Class athletes may also participate in the Open division.

AD HOC COMMITTEE A committee formed by the Archery Australia Board for a specific purpose which has been delegated with powers and shall only act within the specific areas delegated by the Archery Australia Board.

AFFILIATE Every registered member of a club affiliated with an RGB and Archery Australia. ASADA The Australian Sports Anti Doping Authority

ASSOCIATE Such persons or organisations as the Board may from time to time determine may be granted Associate Membership.

ASSOCIATION Archery Australia Incorporated – which may be abbreviated to Archery Australia, the Association or AA as may be determined throughout these rules.

ATHLETE The generic term referring to archers and arbalests. ALL GOLD Six arrows shot in the GOLD (9 and 10 scoring zone) during an end. An award can be

claimed from Archery Australia in recognition of an “All Gold End”. EXECUTIVE BOARD The governance and management body of the Association, consisting of elected and

appointed members, referred to as the “Board”. BOARD STANDING

COMMITTEE A group of persons forming a Board Standing Committee who will report directly to the Archery Australia Board.

BRACKET The collection of ends at a given distance, which form part of the total round. CADET CLASS Age class for Youth Athletes from the 1st January the year after their 15th birthday to

31st December the year of their 17th birthday. Cadet Class may participate in the Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division.

CATEGORY The combination of a Division and a Class. CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

or CEO The person engaged by Archery Australia Inc to manage the day-‐to-‐day affairs of the Association.

CLASS

The term used to describe an athlete’s gender and age group, ie Women, Men, Club, Intermediate, Cadet, 20 and Under, Open, Masters, Veterans or Youth Age Groups.

CLASSIFICATION The term used to describe a person’s shooting standard, i.e. 3rd, 2nd 1st, Master Bowman or Grand Master Bowman or level of competition determined by score or Handicap Rating.

CLUB A body comprising a number of athletes organised together for competition, social competition or otherwise and who will register all members with Archery Australia.

COACH A tutor, instructor or teacher of archery, generally to a higher level of the sport. Coaches are accredited through Archery Australia.

COMPOUND BOW A style of bow incorporating the use of wheels or cams.

CROSSBOW A Crossbow has the bow mounted on a stock (similar to a rifle) with a cocking mechanism built into the stock, which locks the drawn string and a trigger to release the string.

CUB CLASS Age Class for Youth Athletes up to the 31st December in the year of their 13th birthday. Cub Class may participate in the Cub, Intermediate, Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division.

DISCLIPINE The term used describe the various types of archery competition, i.e. Outdoor Target Archery, Field Archery, etc

DIVISION

The term used on entry forms to describe the type of equipment that is used; i.e. Recurve, Compound, Longbow, Barebow Recurve or Barebow Compound.

END A set number of arrows shot prior to scoring: can be either 6 arrows or 3 arrows depending upon the event being shot.

EVENT An organised competition.

EXPIRY DATE The date at which registeration of an individual affiliate with Archery Australia expires and needs to be renewed.

FACE The printed coloured paper or cloth target attached to the butt for scoring, also referred to as a Target Face.

FIELD OF PLAY The designated shooting area.

GENDER In all divisions except for Intermediate and Cub, gender is referred to as Men and Women. For Intermediate and Cub divisions gender is referred to as Boy and Girl.

HONORARY AFFILIATE Archery Australia Board may grant Honorary Affiliate to any person it thinks fit.

INSTRUCTOR A tutor or teacher of basic archery skills at community or club level. Instructors are accredited through Archery Australia.

INTERMEDIATE CLASS Age Class for Youth Athletes from the 1st January in the year after their 13th birthday to 31st December the year of their 15th birthday. Intermediate Class may participate in the Intermediate, Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division.

JUNIOR Term used by World Archery (FITA) to designate the Youth age division 18 years to 20 years of age. In Australia we use the term 20 and Under which better identifies the Class.

LIFE MEMBER Archery Australia Board on a recommendation from the Awards Committee may grant Life Membership to any person.

MASTER ATHLETE An athlete permitted to participate in a Master Division in tournaments when the competition takes place in the year of his or her 50th birthday and thereafter. A Master division athlete may choose instead to compete in the Open division.

MEMBER The RGBs within the meaning in Section 3 of the Associations Incorporation Act. Members of the Association will have voting rights at the Association AGM and for Board elections.

MINOR A Youth Athlete who has not achieved their 18th birthday. NATIONAL RECORD A record shot in a National Championships or Australia Open

OPEN

Any athlete may participate in the Open Class in tournaments, however athletes between the age of 21 years and 49 years can only participate in this Class.

TOURNAMENT

A tournament is a competition where all current financial affilaites (members) of Archery Australia are invited to enter and participate. A Tournament is generally not limited by Division, Class, Gender or Category. Some tournaments such as Matchplay or Traditional may be limited by Performance, Division, Class or Category. Tournaments may also include classifications with are determined by score or Handicap Rating. A tournamant Orgnaisng Committee MUST – • List the tournament on the Archery Australia Calendar; • Publically invited entries and ensure the correct language and termalogy is used

in the Entry Form to avoid confusion; • Use Archey Australia approved scorecards; • Publish a complete list of results;

PERFECT END Shooting 6 arrows in the 10 scoring zone (10s and Xs) during an end. An award can be

claimed from Archery Australia in recognisistion of a “Perfect End”.

QRE A Qualifying and Ranking Event registered with Archery Australia and listed on the National Calendar, designed to allow greater opportunities for people to qualify for international events and for the National Ranking List.

QRE OFFICIAL A person nominated to Archery Australia Officials Committee for approval by a club or RGB who can officiate at a QRE when a National Judge, Continential Judge or International Judge is not available.

RECORD

A record is achieved when athletes shoots a score one point or greater than an exsisting score. There are three different types of records obtainable in Australia. National Record – A record shot at the National Championships. Tournament Record – A Record shot in a registered tournament. World Record – A record shot in a World Archery registered event.

Clubs and RGBs may keep their own records

RECURVE BOW A bow manufactured so that the limbs bend towards the athlete to increase the bow draw weight prior to the string being released.

RECOGNISED GOVERNING BODY OR RGB

The Recognised Governing Bodies (RGB) of the sport in Australia ie, Archery NSW, Archery ACT, Archery Victoria, Archery Society of Tasmania, Archery SA, Archery WA, North Queensland Archery Association and South Queensland Archery Association.

ROUND The term used in archery to designate the number of arrows to be shot at specific distances (bracket) at specific sized target faces.

SHOOT A low level casual competition usually at club level, without the use of Judges or other local officials.

SENIOR ATHLETE An athlete aged 18 years and over and may include Classes Open, Master, Veteran or 20 and Under.

STANDING COMMITTEE A committee formed by the Archery Australia Board for a specific purpose which has been delegated with powers and shall only act within the specific areas delegated by the Archery Australia Board. Standing Committee report to the Archery Australia Board through the CEO.

TARGET FACE The coloured paper or cloth placed on a target butt and used for scoring. TEMPORARY AFFILIATE Such persons who are not members of a club affiliated registered with the RGB and

Archery Australia but was granted membership for a limited period under such terms and conditions as noted on the Temporary Affiliate Form.

THREE METRE LINE Positioned 3 metres in front of the Shooting Line. When an arrow is accidentially released or dropped and lands within the area delineated by the 3-‐metre line, the arrow is deemed not to have been shot.

TOURNAMENT RECORD A record shot in a tournament listed on the Archery Australia, RGB or Club calendar.

VETERAN ATHLETE

An athlete is permitted to participate in a Veteran Class tournament when the competition takes place in the year of his or her 60th birthday and thereafter. A Veteran Class athlete may choose instead to compete in the Master or Open divisions.

WADA The World Anti Doping Authority

WCSA The World Crossbow Shooting Association.

WAITING LINE A line parallel to and behind the Shooting Line where athletes wait before and after shooting.

WORLD ARCHERY The International Archery Federation – Fédération Internationale de Tir à L’Arc (FITA). Previously known as FITA but now know as World Archery Federation (WA).

WORLD RECORD A record recognised by World Archery shot in a World Archery registered tournament.

YOUTH ATHLETE

The generic term used to describe athletes in the Youth Age Class; i.e. 20 and Under, Cadet, Intermediate and Cub. Cub Class up to 31st December in the year of their 13th birthday. Cub Class may participate in the Cub, Intermediate, Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division. Intermediate Class from the 1st January the year after their 13th birthday to 31st December the year of their 15th birthday. Intermediate Class may participate in the Intermediate, Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division. Cadet Class from the 1st January the year after their 15th birthday to 31st December the year of their 17th birthday. Cadet Class may participate in the Cadet, 20 and Under or Open division. 20 and Under Class from the 1st January the year after their 17th birthday to 31st December the year of their 20th birthday. 20 and Under Class may participate in the Open division.

GENERAL TERMS

ANCHOR The term used to describe the placing of the drawing hand against the face when at full draw.

AIMING The term given to the act of aiming the bow.

ALUMINIUM ARROWS

Made of an aluminium tube, sizes are identified with 4 numbers, which are etched onto each shaft. The first 2 numbers indicate the approximate outside diameter in 64th of an inch. The second 2 numbers indicate the shaft wall thickness in thousandths of an inch. Example 1816 is approximately 18/64” in diameter with a .016” (or 16 thousandth of an inch) wall thickness.

ATA Archery Trade Organisation (ATA) formally known as the AMO this organisation is based in the USA and sets manufacturing standards for archery equipment as well as promoting the sport of archery.

ARBLIST or ARBALEST A person who shoots a Crossbow.

ARCHERS PARADOX The name given to the side-‐to-‐side flexing motion of an arrow shot from a Recurve bow as it leaves the bow and flies toward the target.

ARM GUARD Protection worn on the bow arm, designed to protect the arm from the bowstring. ARROW The generic term referring to an arrow or bolt used with a Recurve Bow, Compound

Bow, Longbow or Crossbow.

ARROW REST A device mounted on the bow window just above the bow shelf, designed to support the arrow during the shot.

ARROW SHELF A horizontal projection from the bow window upon which the arrow can be supported in lieu of an arrow rest.

ARROW STRAIGHTENER A mechanical device used to detect and remove bends in aluminium arrows. ASADA Australia Sports Anti-‐Doping Authority responsible for anti-‐doping control procedures

including the collection (testing), results and athlete whereabouts. AXLE TO AXLE LENGTH This refers to the length of a compound bow. This is measured between the axles of a

Compound bow e.g. 42”.

BACK TENSION The use of the scapula (shoulder blades) and back muscles to draw and hold prior to releasing the bowstring.

BACK OF BOW The side of the bow away from the athlete when the bow is drawn. BARE SHAFT An arrow without fletching generally used for tuning a Recurve bow.

BAREBOW SHOOTING Shooting without a sight although generally using an aiming technique whereby the athlete estimates the distance (gap) between a selected point and the target (also called Gap Shooting).

BARRELLED ARROW An arrow that has a greater cross section in the middle and tapers toward the front or toward both ends.

BELLY OF BOW The side of the bow facing the athlete when the bow is drawn. Also known as the face.

BERGER BUTTON The generic name given to Plunger Buttons, named after the inventor of the Plunger Button, Vic Berger, in the early 1960’s.

BLANK SHAFT TEST A method of bow tuning where unfletched and fletched arrows are shot, adjustments are made by comparing the positions of the fletched and unfletched arrows. Commonly used by Recurve archers.

BLUNT The flat point used for shooting small game. BODY ALIGNMENT The relationship of the athlete’s legs, hips, trunk shoulders and arms.

BOLT The projectile shot from a Crossbow. BOUNCER An arrow rebounding from the target butt when shot. BOW ARM The arm which holds the bow.

BOW EFFICIENCY The kinetic energy received by the arrow upon release from that stored by the bow at full draw.

BOW HAND The hand which holds the bow.

BOW LENGTH Indicates the length of Recurve and Longbows. This is usually marked on the bow by the manufacturer e.g. 68”.

BOW PRESS A device used to remove the tension of a compound bow to allow for the changing of string, cables or fitting of accessories such as peep sight or tuning of the bow by adjusting the length of cables.

BOW SIGHT The device fitted to the bow enabling the archer to aim at the target.

BOW SLING A piece or leather or string fitted around the wrist and between the fingers or attached directly to the bow handle. It allows the archer to keep a relaxed grip and helps prevent the bow from falling to the ground after release.

BOW STAND A device used to support the bow when not in use; can also have a section for holding arrows.

BOW STRING The string of the bow. For modern bows made of a non-‐stretch material although for older equipment or low grade bows a more stretcher material should be used such as Dacron.

BOW STRINGER A device used to string and unstring Recurve bows or Longbows with safety.

BOW WEIGHT

This refers to the actual force used to draw a bow, displacing the bowstring at a given distance, which may vary from the weight marked on the bow due to the athlete’s draw length. Most Recurve and Longbows are weighted at 28” draw. Drawing more or less than 28” will vary the bow weight. The best method to check bow weight is to use a scale. If a scale is not available it is possible to estimate the bow weight by taking the marked bow weight and diviinge it by 20. Multiply the answer by the number of inches the draw length differs from 28”. Next subtract (for under 28”) or add (if greater than 28”) the calculated amount from the marked bow weight. Recurve/Longbow EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2 Marked Weight 42lb @ 28” Marked Weight 42lb @ 28” Draw length 291/2” Draw length 271/4” 42lb divided by 20 equals 2.1lb 42lb divided by 20 equals 2.1lb 2.1lb times 1.5 equals 3.15lb 2.1lb times .75 equals1.57lb 42lb plus 3.15lb equals 45.15lb 42lb minus 1.57lb equals 40.43lb

Because of the large amount of adjustment available to compound bows, the only way to determine bow weight of a compound is to use a bow scale.

BOW WINDOW The cut out on the bow handle which is usually cut on or past centre to allow for clearance of the arrow.

BOWMAN The name given to an archer or the generic name -‐ athlete. BOWYER The name given to a person who makes bows. BRACE To string a Recurve or Longbow bow.

BRACE HEIGHT Term used to describe the measurement between the bow handle (grip) and the string; also called Fistmele in the old terminology.

BRACER An old term used to describe an armguard. BROADHEAD A multi edged sharp arrow point used for hunting.

BULGE POINT A type of point that is larger in diameter than the arrow shaft. It is designed to prevent arrow wear and to allow easier removal of the arrow from the target butt.

BUTT The name of the material or backing used to stop an arrow upon which a target face is attached. Also called buttress, boss or matt.

BUSS CABLE The Compound bow has two cables, the Control Cable and the Buss Cable. The Buss Cable is the cable that attaches to the top limb and the bottom cam and in many cases a Yoke is used to attched to cable to the top limb.

CABLE Made of either metal or non stretch string material; used on Compound bows.

CAM The eccentric wheels used on Compound bows providing additional performance due to their radical design.

CANT Tilting the bow left or right from the vertical when at full draw.

CARBON FIBRE

Carbon-‐fibre-‐reinforced polymer or carbon-‐fibre-‐reinforced plastic (CFRP or CRP or often simply carbon fibre), is a very strong and light fibre-‐reinforced polymer which contains carbon-‐fibres, used in bow handles, bow limbs, arrow shafts and accessories such as sights and stabilisers.

CAST The term used fairly loosely, which could mean the speed imparted to the arrow, the distance at which the bow will shoot or the degree of flatness of the arrow’s

trajectory. CATEGORY The combination of a Division and a Class.

CENTRE SERVING The bindings on the centre area of the string to protect the string from wear.

CENTRE SHOT The term used to describe setting up the arrow so it is positioned in the true centre of the bow. Adjustable arrow rests and plunger buttons are used to adjust centre shot.

CHEST GUARD Equipment worn on the chest by the athlete, which keeps clothes out of the path of the string during shooting.

CLICKER OR

DRAW CHECK INDICATOR

A device which attaches to the bow. The arrows is placed under the clicker which gives an audible indication when the arrow has been drawn to the athlete’s draw length and is a signal to shoot the arrow.

CLOUT Competition where athletes shoot arrows into the air, attempting to score using a 15 m diameter target laid out on the ground. Also an old English word for “cloth”; a small white flag or circular target for this long distance shooting.

COCK FLETCH

For Recurve and Longbow, the feather or vane at right angle to the groove in the nock of the arrow, sometimes a different colour. The cock fletch points out from the bow and allows for a clean path for the arrow to pass the bow upon release. This is an old term ands is now called the “index fletch”. For Compound bows this fletch points either up or down when the arrow is on the arrow rest. The position depends upon the style of arrow rest used.

COMPOSITE BOW A bow made of more than one material such as wood, fibreglass, carbon fibre and metal.

CREEPING Allowing the arrow to move forward while at full draw and before release.

CONTROL CABLE The Compound bow has two cables the Buss Cable and Control Cable. The Control Cable generally attaches to the bottom limb or cam and the top cam.

CRESTING Marks or patterns usually positioned in front of the fletches to assist with identifying an athlete’s arrows.

DEAD RELEASE

The term used to describe a release without any motion. Usually occurs when the interphalangeal joints of the fingers gripping the bowstring extend due to the kinetic energy of the bow rather than use of any muscular reaction.

DEFLEX Describes the design of a bow handle with a forward grip.

DRAW The process of moving the bowstring from brace height to the archer’s anchor point on the face.

DRAW LINE OF FORCE The line between the pressure point of the bow hand on the bow, the string fingers and the drawing elbow.

DRAW WEIGHT

The force measured in pounds required to draw a bow. For Recurve and Longbows the measurement is determined by drawing the bow 28” e.g. 36lb @28”. The maximum draw weight of a compound bow achieved usually about 2/3 of the way through the drawing process.

DRAWING ARM The arm used to draw the bow. DRAWING HAND The hand used to draw the bow. DOMINANT EYE The master eye used for aiming.

DRIFT The movement of an arrow while in flight due to crosswinds. DROP AWAY ARROW REST Used on Compound bows, an arrow rest that drops away clearing the path for the

arrow as the string is released.

DYNAMIC SPINE

Dynamic spine (also called Column Load) describes the amount an arrow bends when the string is first released and the bow’s stored energy is applied to the arrow. The amount the arrow bends is determined by a number of factors and can be varied using these factors. Factors that will affect dynamic spine are – shaft length, shaft diameter, point weight, weight of shaft, weight of nock and weight of fletches.

ECCENTRIC WHEEL or CAM The wheel or cam used on Compound bows.

FINGER SLING A piece or leather or string with loops at each end, which is designed to fit around the athlete’s thumb and index finger during shooting. It allows the athlete to keep a relaxed grip and helps prevent the bow from falling to the ground after release.

FINGER TAB A device usually made of leather, worn on the fingers of the drawing hand for protection.

FISTMELE Old term used to describe the measurement between the bow handle (grip) and the string, measured at right angles. Also called Brace Height.

FITA Previous name of the international archery federation – Fédération Internationale de Tir à L’Arc (FITA), now know as World Archery Federation (WA).

FLETCHING The term used to describe the vanes (plastic or feather) placed on the rear of the arrow to stabilise the arrow in flight.

FLIGHT SHOOTING An archery event where the object is to shoot an arrow the greatest distance.

FLINCH An undesired and sudden motion of the bow arm and/or drawing hand prior to or at release. Usually created by a loss of concentration or the anticipation of the shot.

FLU-‐FLU A special arrow with large or spiralled fletching designed to increase the drag coefficient in order to shorten the distance of the flight of the arrow.

FOLLOW THROUGH The dynamic action following the release of the arrow. FORCE DRAW CURVE A graph showing the increase in bow weight as the bow is brought to full draw.

GAP SHOOTING An aiming technique whereby the archer estimates the distance (gap) between a selected point and the target, also called Barebow Shooting.

GOLD The name for the centre of an archery target. GOLD SHYNESS

OR TARGET SHYNESS

The term used to describe an athlet’se inability to aim on the centre of the target. Usually caused by a lack of confidence or fear of performing poorly. A common problem experienced in archery.

GRIP The part of the bow handle where the bow is held; also the term used to describe holding the bow.

GROUND QUIVER A quiver used to hold arrows and sometimes the bow, which sits on the ground. GROUPS OR GROUPING The proximity to each other of an archers’s end of arrows in the target after they

have been shot. HANDLE The middle section of a bow; also can be called the riser.

HANGING ARROW OR HANGER

An arrow, which has not penetrated the butt but is held by the target face, with the arrow hanging across the target.

HEEL Placing excessive pressure on the bow grip by the palm of the hand.

HELICAL The term used to describe the spiral method of attaching fletches to an arrow; helical fletching is intended to cause the arrow to spin in flight.

HIT The term which describes an arrow which has embedded into one of the scoring areas of a target face.

HOLDING The pause after drawing during aiming process and prior to release.

HOLDING WEIGHT

The actual force measured in pounds of the bow when at full draw. For Recurve and Longbows the holding weight will vary depening upoin the athlete’s actual arrow length. For a compound bow the weight hekld at full drawweight of a compound bow achieved usually about 2/3 of the way through the drawing process.

INDEX FLETCH

For Recurve and Longbows. The feather or vane at right angle to the groove in the nock of the arrow, sometimes a different colour. The index fletch points out from the bow and allows for a clean path for the arrow to pass the bow upon release. This term replaces the older term “cock fletch”. For Compound bows the index fletch points either up or down when the arrow is on the arrow rest. The position depends upon the style of arrow rest used.

INSTINCTIVE SHOOTING The term used to describe a shooting method without the aid of a sighting device.

JIG FLETCHING – A tool used for attaching fletches to an arrow. STRING – A device used for making bowstrings.

KISSER BUTTON Small attachment on the string usually felt by the lips at full draw and made of plastic; helps with obtaining a consistent anchor position and elevation.

LET DOWN The act of slowly releasing tension off the bow (letting donw) without releasing the arrow.

LET OFF The term used to describe the reduction in weight when a Compound bow is drawn past the peak weight and the cam/wheel turns over.

LIMBS The flexible upper and lower parts of the bow which bend when the bow is drawn. LONG BOW A traditional style simple bow with straight limbs where the styring only touches the

bow at the tips. LOOSE The old English terminology used to describe the release.

MASS WEIGHT The physical weight of the bow.

NOCK The plastic attachment on the rear of the arrow which allows the arrow to be attached to the string.

NOCK TAPER The taper at the rear of some arrows which is at 11°

angle designed to allow the nock to be glued onto the shaft.

NOCKING POINT The position on the string where the arrow nock locates. Usually identified with either 1 or 2 small attachments.

OPEN STANCE The type of standing position, relative to the target whereby the front foot is positioned further back from the back foot in relation to a line at a right angle to the target.

OVER-‐BOWED Attempting to shooting a bow which is too heavy in draw weight for the ability or physical strength of the athlete.

OVERDRAW

1. Term used to describe drawing a bow past the usual draw length position. 2. An attachment fitted with the arrow rest or a particular type of arrow rest that allows the archer to shoot shorter arrows giving greater arrow speed.

OVERSTRUNG A Recurve bow with a string which is too short in relationship to the manufactures specifications.

PAPER TEST A method of bow tuning where arrows are shot through paper. The archer reviews the tear patterns and makes adjustments. Commonly used for tuning Compound bows.

PASS THROUGH The term used to describe an arrow’s passing completly through a target butt. These usually happen when the butt is worn and does not have enough material to stop an arrow.

PARABOLIC The term used to describe the flight path of an arrow or the curved shape of fletches.

PEAK WEIGHT The maximum weight achieved when drawing a Compound bow.

PEEKING An undesirable movement of an athlete’s head at the time of release in an attempt to follow the arrow trajectory to the target.

PEEP SIGHT Rear sight fitted into the bowstring and used with Compound bows. PERFECT END Shooting 6 arrows in the 10 ring.

PILE A term used to describe the point of the arrow; usually refers to a target point.

PINCH The undesirable action of squeezing the arrow nock tightly between the fingers during draw or at full draw, causing the arrow to move (fall) off the arrow rest.

PIVOT POINT The pivot point is the deepest part of the bow grip where the bow normally rests and pivots against the bow hand.

PLUCKING Undesirable forced sideway motion of the drawing hand and arm away from the face upon release as a result of little or no back tension.

POINT OF AIM A method of aiming where it is possible to use marks on the ground or a position on or near the target to aim rather than on the boew, used by Barebow, Longbow and Gap shooters.

POWDER TEST

A test carried out using spray powder to check for arrow clearance. The powder is sprayed on the bow window and arrow rest. As the arrow is shot, if there is any problem with clearance, a mark will show in the powder. Appropriate adjustments can then be made.

POWER STROKE This is a term used for Compound bows that refers to the forward movement of the bowstring when released.

PULL The term used to describe the action of drawing the bow.

QUIVER From the French word “Cuivre”, a container for holding arrows. Usually worn around the waist, but may refer to a quiver worn on the back lor placed on the ground.

REBOUND An arrow, which does not penetrate the target face or butt and bounces off the target. Also called a Bouncer.

RECURVE BOW A bow manufactured so that the limbs bend towards the athlete to increase the bow draw weight prior to the string being released.

REFLEX Describes the design of a bow handle with a backward grip.

RELEASE The act of releasing (letting go) the bow string when at full draw and allowing the arrow to fly toward the target.

RELEASE AID A mechanical device for releasing the string, usually used with Compound bows. RISER The middle section of a bow also can be called the handle. ROUND The term used in archery to designate the number of arrows to be shot at specific

distances at specific sized target faces. SCATTER Arrows distributed unevenly over a large portion of the target face and/or ground.

SCOPE SIGHT The magnified sight used for Compound bows. SELF BOW A bow made entirely of one piece of wood, as opposed to a composite bow.

SERVING The protective thread tightly wrapped (bound) around the bowstring at the tips (end serving) and in the centre (centre serving) where the arrow is nocked.

SHAFT The body of the arrow upon which the nock, fletching and point are attached.

SHOOTING GLOVE A three finger protective device used to protect the fingers from the bowstring instead of a finger tab.

SHOOTING LINE The line straddled by the athletes when shooting target, indoor or Clout competitions.

SIGHT LEVEL The bubble level used in conjunction with the scope sight for Compound bows.

SIGHT WINDOW The cut out section (usually past centre) of the bow handle (riser), which has the arrow rest fitted and allows for clearance for the arrow.

SPINE The amount of bend (deflection) of an arrow measured in thousands of an inch when suspended at both ends and depressed by a 2 pound weight placed at its centre. For a more comprehensive description refer to the Easton Technical Information Manual.

STABILISER Rod/s protruding from the handle (riser) usually with weights attached. Designed to reduce torque and absorb shock upon release.

STACKING For Recurve and Longbows, this is the disproportionate increase in bow weight during the last few inches/centimetres of the draw.

STATIC SPINE

Describes a method of categorising the stiffness of arrow shafts. Static spine is measured using a spine metre and determines the amount of deflection (bend) a shaft has when suspended between 2 points and then has an 880gram weight (approx 2 pounds) hung from the centre. The measurement is taken in thousandths of an inch. Some arrow shafts like ACEs use this measurement to identify the shaft size e.g. ACE 670 indicates that the arrow has a deflection of 670 thousandths of an inch. To standardise these measurements, aluminium and carbon shafts are measured using a 29” shaft with the 2 points of contact 28” apart. For wooden shafts the 2 contact points are 26” apart.

STRING FINGERS The fingers of the drawing hand placed on the string to hold and release the string.

STRING LENGTH For Recurve bows, the length of a bow string is determined by subtracting approximately 3” from the marked bow length e.g. a 66” bow requires a 63” string.

STRING NOTCH The grooves at the end of the limb of Recurve and Longbows where the string attaches.

TACKLE AND

TACKLE BOX

The term used to describe archery equipment. The term used to describe the case or bag used to store and carry archery equipment.

TARGET PANIC GOLD SHYNESS

OR TARGET SHYNESS

The term used to describe the archer’s inability to come to full draw and aim on the centre of the target. Usually caused by a lack of confidence or fear of performing poorly. A common problem experienced in archery that often results in the uncontrolled release of the arrow.

TIP Another name for a point of the arrow.

TORQUE The undesired rotation or twisting of the bow and / or bowstring during any part of the shooting process.

TOXOPHOLITE From the ancient Greek, used to describe a person who practices archery, and is interested in all its aspects, including its history.

TRAJECTORY A parabolic path of an arrow as it moves toward the target.

TUNING The process of setting up archery equipment for maximum performance and accuracy.

UNDERSTRUNG A Recurve bow with a bowstring too long, which results in a low brace height and reduced efficiency. See “overstrung” definition.

VALLEY The lowest reduction in holding weight during the draw process of a compound bow. VANE The name for plastic or synthetic fletches.

WAITING LINE A line parallel to and behind the Shooting Line where athletes wait before and after shooting.

WAND SHOOTING

A traditional event where the target is a piece of wood 6 feet long and 2 inches wide placed vertically in the ground.

WAX A mixture of bee and paraffin wax used to protect and bind the bowstring together.

WALK BACK TEST A bow-‐tuning test where arrows are shot at various distances and the pattern of arrows provides an indication as to adjustments that need to be made.

WEIGHT MARKINGS

The weight marking on a bow provide an indication as to the draw weight of a bow. The weight of a bow for Recurve and longbows is measured 28” from the back of the bow. Some Asian manufacturers measure the weight of bows using a measurement of 26” from the pivot point. Compound bows are marked based on the peak weight with the bow set at the middle of its draw length range. As you vary the draw length of most compound bows you change the bow weight. Usually by increasing draw length you increase bow weight and by decreasing draw length you decrease bow weight. To better catalogue and control stock, some manufacturers group bows in predetermined weight ranges e.g. a bow marked 35lb could be a heavy as 38lb or as light as 33lb.

WHEEL/CAM TIMING COMPOUND BOWS

A term used for compound bows to describe the balance between the wheels or cams. Ideally the wheels/cams should rotate the same during the draw and most critically be idential at full-‐draw. If the wheels/cams are out of time at full-‐draw this will cause an up and down motion on the nock of the arrow upon release. Difficulty will also be experienced holding the sight steady when at full draw.

WINDAGE Horizontal correction of the bow sight adjustment to compensate for wind.

WRIST SLING Leather or string with loops around the wrist and the bow used during shooting. It allows the athlete to keep a relaxed grip and helps prevent the bow from falling to the ground after release.

YAW Rotating action of the arrow during its flight.

Glossary of Archery Terms (used in Australia) Responsibility

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