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MITLflPtE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answens the question.

1) The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful in 1)

A) analyzing a person's fingerprints.

i,f) Inaking many copies of a small amount of DNA.C) creating recombinant plasmids.

D) allowing restriction enzyrnes to eut DNA at palindromes.

E) cutting DNA into many small pieces.

2) BothDNA and RNAA) cannotboth be present in a cell simultaneously. -\1p)_pontain the eame foux types of nitrogen-containing bases.

C) are single-stranded molecules.

D) have the same five-carbon sugars.

E) contain phosphate groups.

3) When gefies are linked, the reason a few of the recombinant genotypes still occur in theoffspring is because of

A) mutationB) natural selection.

. C) linkage.

D) independent assorhnenlA$frossmg

over'

SHOBT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each etatement or answers the question.

3) L.'

4) In the process of cellular respiration, a molecule ofto form l^to'tq.ir . to,vfuof . ,nd y'ilf

..'Ii ,Ir I

MUf,TIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the stateme$t or answers the question.

5) Cytokinesis is evidentin animal cells whenA) cell plate formation occurs.

B) a spindle apparatus forms.

lfprophase begins.

(p)/constriction occurs around the equator.

E) chromosomes are obsenzable.

5)

6,)6)

flv,7)7) The anticodon for AUCjqA) AUC. glrec. c) GAU. D) CUA. E) UAG.

8) What kind of mutation occurs when one hase is c.hanged to another at a single location in the

DNA?A) nzutralB) deletion

C) substitution

9) Gametes differ from body cells inA) having only one member of ea& pair of homologous chromosolnes.

B) having half the amount of genetic material.

. C) functionlng in sexual reproduction.

D)being haploid.

6))ofl the above choices are correct.

10) Humans possess

A) 1 pair of sex duomosomes and 46 pairs of autosomes.

Q)} pairs of sex cfrromosomes and 23 pairs of autosom€s.

C) 2 pairt of sex chromosomes and 45 paip of autosomes.

D) 1 pair of sex cliromosomes and??pairs of autosomes'

E) 1 pair of sex drrcmosgr.nes and.29 pans o{ autosomes.

LL) Restriction enzymes are useftd in recombinant DNA studies because they

A) give plasmids antibiotic properties.

,'Ej cut DNA at specific locations.'C)

ioin the cut ends of small DNA moiecules.

D) can reproduce in bactEria.

E) can separate pieces of DNA and RNA from each other.

!z9) t-*/ '

,n-tr,

L0) "V t

T12)12) Classicql albinism results from a recessive allele. Which of the following is the expected

offspring from a normally pigmented male with an albino father and an albino wife?

A) all normal

B) 75% albino; 257a notmal

*C) 7 5% norm al; 25% albino,/ rit,p)50% normal; 50% aibino

E) all albino

13) Homologous pairs of chromosomesA) are found in haploid cells'

B) consist of two chromosomes the same size and with the same genes'

C) are found in sperm and eggs.

\$consist of two cluomosomes having identical alleles.

E) consist of two chromosomes that came from one Parent.

L4) A Mendelian test eross is used to determine whetherA) segregation or independent assortnentis occurring.

/p)an allele is dominant or recessive.

C) the genotype or phenotype is more important'

D) flowers are purple or white.

E) an individual is homozygous or heterozygous.

L4)

SHORT ANSWER. I,Yrite the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the guestion. l

15) Eggp and sperms cells are examples of qantbtproduced via the process of meiotic cell $) G/dfl\! +$division.

MUXTIpLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative ttat best completes the statement or answers the question'

16) Each sperm cell of a horse contains 32 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are there in each 16)

of the horse's body cells?

A) 16 pairsB) 15

r6t^o\:r"-D) 32

E) either 16 or 64, depending onthe cell type

t7) In vertebrate animal cells, where does the synthesis of lactic acid occur?

A) nucleus

B) mitochondrial inner membranes

C) surface of ribosomes

D) mitochondrial matrix

@l*O portion of the cytoplasm

c

,n-Y-

L8) Complementary base pairp are held together by

$\covalent bonds.

Ub"Poaubonds'C) hydrogen bonds.

D) disulfide bonds.

E) ionicbonds.

19) Which of the following makes RNA molecules in the nucleus?

A) RNApol5,r6"tut"B) DNAC) ribosomal RNADlfansfer RNA

G-$*"terRNA

20) Whiqh pair of enzyrnes is necessary to make recombinant DNA?

. 'e$Ugase

and restriction enzyme*i) thotu that cause dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

C) restriction enzyme and DNA polymerase

D) DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase

E) DNA polymerase and ligase

21) The correct structure of a nucleotide isA) phosphate-S carbon sugar-nibogen base.

- B) phospholipid-sugar-base.

C) base-phosphate-glucose.

D) phosphaG-sugar-phosphate-sugar.

@a"*tt"-thymine and guanine-rytosine.

22) A recessive gene is oneA) that appears only in a heterozygote.

B) that is not expressed as sfrongly as a dominant allele.

C) that must be lethal in the homozygous condition'

-D\hat produces no effect when presentin the homozygous condition'f" E/"hor" effect is masked by a dominant allele.

23) Which of the following is NOT a means of regulating gene expression?

{) regulating the life span of a protein

(n)a"t"u"g genes from cells in which they are not needed

ti*raryi.rg the rate atwhich messenger RNAs are translated

D) varying the rate at whic-h messenger RNAs are transcribed

E) modifying proteins after they are synthesieed

Lle) L- -

]20) / \,

I

r,, i--.. i

,21)

r24) ^\ '24) During cell respiration/ the pymvate produced in glycolysis is

A) the Bource of elechons for NADH and FADH2.

B) converted to Acetyl CoA.

C) broken down to CO2 and water.

ffiansported to the mitochondria.

iE) # of tlre above\**/'

25) When a cell dividesA) genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cella

B) each daughter cell receives o<actly half the genetic information in the parent cell'

Gleach daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.

i'O)..Uu"fr au"ghter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent\'- .

cell, but it has been altered.E) None of lhe above are true.

26,) What type of allele produces ib effecG only in homozygous individuals?

A) dominantB) diploid

,Q inmmpletely dominant

i D) recessive,. ,/- E) haploid

27) When does chromosome replication oceur in a eukaryotic cell?' A) anaphase

u- $interphaseC) metaphase

D) telophase

E) prophase

28) Which of the following most closely matcf'res the correct order of main events of cellular

respiraton?A) IGebs rycle, electron transport, maior ATP production, glycolysis

B) glycolysis, pymvate enters mitochondriorr, Iftebs cycle, major AIP production, electron

;3transPort/ C))tycotysis, Krebs cycle, electrone transport system, major ATP production

$ m4or AIP production, pynrvate enters mitochondriorr, Krebs cycle, electron transport

E) glycolysis, malor ATP production, pyruvate errters mitochondrion, electron transport,

Krebs cycle

SHORT ANSWER Write the word or phrase that best completee each statement or trnswer€ the question.

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29) ln human blood types the alleles for A and B are said to be fuS*rauryausetheY are 2e) i. {l -cri4," i' } { -both expressed.

{p'irP r',',

30) Offspring that are genetically identical to their parenb are referred to as

MUXTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

31) Transcription is the process ofA) synthesizing a protein using information from a mRNA.

-B) qynthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template.

C) assembling an RNA molecule without a template.D) synthesizing a DNA molecule from an RNA template.E) replicating a single-stranded DNA molecule.

32) What is a threat to the environment of transgenic crops?A) Wild animals might eat the transgenic crop and become genetically mutated "monsters."

B) The products of the modified genes these crops carry are usually toxic and would be, released to the environment if the plants die.

C) Pollen from transgenic crops could carry the recombinant genes to wild relatives, withunpredictable consequences.

D) Transgenic crops could escape cultivation and become "superweeds."

E) None of the above are threats.

33) During which of the following processes is glucose synthesized?

,.A) glycolysis

B) Krebs cycle

C) ETS

D) a1l of these

E) none of these

34) DNA has

A) both U and T bases.

B) A, U, G, and C bases.

-C) on-ty C and T bases.

'' D) C, T, A, and C bases.

''E) onlyAand Gbases.

35) In individuals on high proteir; low carbohydrate diets, amino acids such as alanine, glycing andserine/ can be converted to pyruvate by deanimation (removal of the amino group). How manyATP, NADH, and FADH2 will be generated from one molecule of alanine?

A) 2 FADH2 3 NADH, and 2 ATP

B) 2 FADH2, 6 NADH, and 2 ATP

C) 1FADH2,1NADH, and l ATP

n)'r feou2 3 NADH, and l ATp

E) 2 ATP and 1 NADH

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phraee that best completes each statement or answers the question.

36) Two possible end products of fermentation are as is produced by our musclecell under anaerobic conditions and

-

by yeast under anaerobic conditions.

33) r-

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MULTIPTE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question

37) A cell or organism that contains foreign DNA inserted into its own genetic material is termed 37) ';

-- ,A) polygenic.

B) xenophobic.

C) engineered.

D).foreign

l6ikansge*c

38) During asexual reproduction, the genetic material of the parent is passed on to the offspring by 3$ A-A) meiosis and fertilization.

i 6)7mi tosis and cytokinesis.

C) homologous pairing.

D) going to Gg in the cell cycle.

E) meiosis and cytokinesis.

39) DNA is negatively charged because of itsA) ribose.

B) large size.

C) deoxyribose.

D) bases.I

E)Ehosphates.

4rl\Lv,

r./i'?sl "--'-*--

a0) When chromosomes replicate(fii*" two DNA strands separate and each is used as a template for synthesis of a newV' strand.

B) new synthesis occurs in only one direction from where it begins.

C) there is not enough DNA to distribute to the two daughter cells,

D) one strand of the DNA is completely replicated first, and then the second strand is

replicated.E) All of these are correct.

,1'\41) The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic 4D l/ ^

composition. Some of this difference is the result ofA) sister chromatid separation.

B) spindle formation.p DNA replication.

/D)lcrossing over.*E)

cytokinesis.

43) Which of the following are differences between traditional (selective breeding) and modem(genetic engineering) biotechnology?

A) Genetic engineering can use genes from unrelated species whereas selective breeding

must use genes from the same or very closely related individuals.B) Genetic en#neering canbe done much more quickly than selective breeding.

C) Genetic engineering can alter the DNA sequence of existing genes, whereas selective

,f

42) Which event occurs in the fluid portion of the cytoplasm of a cell undergoing glucose 421 , f,.,,,metabolism?

Q glycolysis

B) electron transport

C) Krebs (citric acid) cyde

D) chemiosmosis

E) Acetyl CoA formation

$J""p,

breeding carurot.

All three of the above arc differences.

None of the above are differences.

44) Which of &e following can be used to detect genetic disorders?A) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

B) arrays of DNA probes on filter paper

C) single tandem repeab (STRs)

nk\ and B above can both be used.

, f) D B, and C above canbe used.\*r/

45) Chemiosmosis in mito{gndria directly results in the synthesis ofA) FADH2. Glarp. c) H2O. D) coA. E) NADH.

rtd) At the end of glycolysis, the original carbons of the glucose molecule formA) two molecules of NADH.B) six molecules of carbon dioxide.

$t*o molecules of pymvic acid.

bl t*" molecules of fructose.

F) t*o molecules of citric acid.

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f1

4s)

M)

47) \44{upqlaflng the molecular basis of inheritance by recombinant DNA technology is called 47\ 'P, ,

A) DNAfingerprinting.B) Mendelian genetics.

Qthe polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

,/D;)biotuchnology.Lt) restriction fragment length polyrhorphiem (RFLP).

48) How does lhe Watson and Crick model of DNA stmcture help explain DNA replication?

ffirecise base pairing allows dre base sequence to be copied'

bfPhosphate grouPs always bond to deoxyribose sugar'

C) Four types of bases are found in DNA-

D) Deoxyribose sugar always bonds to a nikogenous base'

E) The number of purines equals the number of pyrimidines'

49) Plamids are

$small self-replicating DNA molecules in bacteria'

B) made of RNA.

C) found only in single copies withinbacteria'

D) non-circular DNA segments inbacteria'

E) necessary in order for bacteria to reproduce'

50) Whiph of these sequences correetly describes the cell ryde?

{,$a, - S - G2 * prophase + anaPhase + metaphase - telophase'SCf

- S - G2 + metaPhase * prophase - anaphase - teloPhase

C) prophase + metaPhase - teloPhase + anaphase * G1 - S - G2

D) S - G2 * prophase - metaPhase - anaPhase * teloPhase * G1

E) G1 - GZ*S -prophase -metaphase + afflphase - teloPhase

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