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FYP Guidelines-BBA

National Universityo f C o m p u t e r & E m e r g i n g S c i e n c e s - I s l a m a b a d

F a s t S c h o o l o f B u s i n e s s

FAST SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT

Final Year Project guidelines, procedures andregulations for undergraduates

Year 2012

FYP Guidelines-BBA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SERIAL NUMBER

CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1.0 Introduction 3

1.1 Objectives 3

1.2 Approaching the undertaking 3

2.0 Format options 4

2.1 The empirical research paper 4

2.2 The feasibility study / business plan

5

2.3 The business consultancy report 6

2.4 Approximate timelines relevant to each format

8

3.0 Thesis layout 9

4.0 Timelines and penalties 10

5.0 Essential guidelines 11

5.1 The project brief 11

5.2 The project proposal 12

5.3 Selection of supervisor 12

5.4 Providing references 13

5.5 Plagiarism 16

6 Appendices 19

FYP Guidelines-BBA

1.0 Introduction

1.1 Objectives

The objectives set for students undertaking the final year project are:

To explore one area of your program in depth

To work independently on your own initiative

To gather information in a thorough and rigorous manner

To process and integrate material in a sustained exercise of intellectual ordering

To produce a coherent, literary document

The FYP is a concise report comprising of a minimum of 10,000 and maximum of

20,000 words. BBA students are required to carry out the projects in groups of 5-6

students. Please note that there is 50 percent weight age of group work and 50 percent

of individual contribution.

In case of external supervision, an observer from the department will be recommended

to ensure that the quality of the report remains up to the standard.

1.2 Approaching the Undertaking

All research poses a question to which it seeks an answer. The FYP is no different. This

project will ask a question about an aspect of business studies; it will research the

material necessary to engage with that question; it will analyze and interpret that material

to reach a conclusion; and it will present its findings in a concise report.

The FYP initiates its own investigation and then gathers the material necessary to satisfy

that inquiry. The Final Year Report, therefore, establishes an area of inquiry assembles

relevant evidence and argues to a conclusion that is supported by that evidence.

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2.0 Format Options

There are a number of different formats that you may use for the final, written document

of your FYP. In conjunction with your FYP Supervisor, you should review the options

and select the format that best suits the nature of the topic. The following formats are

acceptable for your final report:

a) The empirical research paper

b) The feasibility study / business plan

c) The business consultancy report

2.1 The Empirical Research Paper Empirical research involves the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. An

empirical research paper presents its findings in the form of a well-developed analysis

defended by the evidence. The data may be gathered first-hand (e.g. interviews,

questionnaires, observations, focus groups, etc.) or second-hand (e.g. a content analysis

of financial reports, television commercials or an organization’s internal correspondence;

or a re-analysis of existing data like OECD reports or computerized personnel records,

etc.). This format is also appropriate for case studies.

Like all FYPs, an empirical research paper will include an abstract, title page, table of

contents, etc. The following is indicative of the layout of the main body of an empirical

research paper:

•Introduction – summarizes the aims of the research project; defines the area or topic;

sets the context

•Literature Review – reviews the relevant literature providing a commentary on the

existing state of knowledge (theories, and empirical evidence), trends, controversies, etc.;

identifies gaps in the knowledge and concludes with specific research questions.

•Method – outlines the steps taken in the collection of data with enough detail that the

study could be replicated (repeated); it provides concise justification for the research

strategy chosen

•Results – details the findings from the data collection: may include tables, figures,

and/or quotes from interviews; may include descriptive and inferential statistics.

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•Discussion (including Conclusion) – pulls together the research questions that were

asked with the answers that were obtained through the analysis of the data; provides

commentary on these findings (e.g. do they confirm or reject particular views?; how do

they inform the literature?); identifies limitations of the existing study and makes

suggestions for future research; states clearly the conclusions that are reached and the

implications and recommendations for relevant stakeholders (e.g. businesses,

practitioners, governments, academics).

There must be clear links amongst the various sections of the paper. You are telling one

story that is made up from several parts; these parts must be well integrated. The data

you collect must be linked to the research questions you have identified in your

Introduction and to the conclusions you reach in your Discussion. Your Discussion must

also refer back to the Literature Review.

Not all empirical papers follow this precise layout and you and your Supervisor may

decide that another layout suits your research better. However, it is important to

understand the role of the various sections and how they fit together. If you deviate from

this layout, you should be clear why you are doing it. Student must keep in mind that

empirical research should not solely be based on secondary data.

2.2 The Feasibility Study / Business Plan:

Whereas an empirical paper asks and answers a research question, a feasibility study asks

and answers a question about whether establishing a new product or service is feasible. It

assesses the commercial and technical viability of the proposed enterprise by exploring

potential markets, preparing costing and financial projections, considering the sourcing of

raw material, assessing any plant and equipment needs, etc.

Like all FYPs, it will include an introductory summary. However, in a feasibility study,

this summary is called an Executive Summary instead of an Abstract. Like all FYPs, it

will also need to include a title page, table of contents, appendices, etc. A typical layout

for the body of the feasibility study is:

•Introduction – establishes the rationale for the business ideas, includes any relevant

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background information and generally introduces the project

•Product/Service & process Description – provides a clear description and profile of

the proposed product/service – researches how you propose to manufacture the product or

process the service

•Product scope, future sales projections and demand gap

•Management/Employee Structure – who will manage the business, how many staff do

you require, profile of staff required

•Facility layout – Operational view of the business

•Financial Requirements – what finance is required to start the business, how/where do

you propose to source this finance and financial projections up to the break-even

•Plans for Future Development of the Business – where and how will you progress the

business idea, what are the issues and challenges

•Conclusion – is the product/service feasible, what are your conclusions and

recommendations.

2.3 The Business Consultancy Report

A Business Consultant draws on theory, knowledge and practical experience and applies

them to solving a particular business problem or issue. In the Business Consultancy

Report, the student assumes the role of a consultant advising the client on the best options

available to solve a business problem. This process involves clarification of the specific

business problem, identification, research and evaluation of the various solutions to the

problem, the recommendation of one best solution and recommendations on how best to

implement this solution. The consultancy project could be in Financial Management,

Accounting system design, Marketing, Human Resource Management, Information

Technology, etc. It could involve the analysis of an industry, a company, a brand or

product line, an expansion, a take-over, as well as systems development, training,

exportation, etc. As with all FYPs, your project will require a title page, table of

contents, appendices, etc. It will also need an introductory summary (here called an

Executive Summary instead of an Abstract). A possible layout for the body of a business

consultancy report is:

•Introduction – describes the consultancy project, its goals and the initial issues and

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options identified

•Scope & Goals – includes the time scales, the areas the project covers, basic

assumptions and constraints. Covers the goals relating to the project

•Methodology – details the research process

•Analysis – includes a review of the findings (primary and secondary). Identifies and lists

the issues

•Recommendations – makes recommendations of the options based on the analysis

carried out

•Implementation – (if applicable) details the action plan for carrying out the

recommendations

•Consequences and Requirements – (if applicable) identifies the implications of the

recommendations

•Conclusions

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2.4 Approximate Timelines Relevant To Each Format

The summary with approximate timelines for the chapters of each of the format is given below:

Timelines Week 1-5 Week 5 -10 Week 10-15 Week 15 - 18Empirical research paper

Brief and draft proposal.Finalization of proposal

Working on introduction & literature review, and possibly data collection instrument. Method of study should be finalized.

Field work should be in progress.Results should be compiled. Conclusion must come to an end.

Finalization of chapters. Viva/presentation. Award of grades for the Semester

Feasibility study

Brief and draft proposal. Finalization of proposal

Working on introduction, product service and product service process description. Project scope, future sales projections,management/employee structure be finalized

Financial requirements chapter should be concluded. Plans for future development of the business and conclusion chapters must come to an end


The business consultancy report

Brief and draft proposal. Finalization of proposal

Working on introduction, scope and goals, and possibly methodology

Analysis & recommendations should be provided. Implementation and conclusion must come to an end


FYP Guidelines-BBA

3. Thesis Layout

The physical layout of the thesis should be as follows:

Sections of FYP Information to be included, in specified order 1. Front cover The name of the institution

Title of FYP The author’s name and student ID number Program of Study for which FYP is submitted Supervisor’s name Year of completion

2. Title page The name of the institution. Program of Study for which FYP is submitted (MBA,

BBA etc.) The year of submission The author’s name and student ID number The title of the FYP The name of the Supervisor The following statement to be included at the bottom of

the title page: “This project is solely the work of the author and is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of _______” (submit appropriate degree, e.g. Bachelors of Business Administration)

3. Abstract/ Executive This stand alone summary should not exceed one page 4. Acknowledgements Not required, but you may wish to thank individuals or

organizations that helped with the project

5. List of contents Should be entitled “Contents” Include list of titles of sections of the project

6. List of tables and figures * Include if there are more than five tables/figures 7. Main body of text 8. Bibliography Should follow the format provided in the handbook9. Appendices Should include details that are not appropriate to include

in the main body of the text (e.g. questionnaires, transcripts of interviews, etc.)

To be lettered A, B, C, etc. To have a cover page “Appendices” that appears in the

table of contents It is not counted as part of the 10,000 word count

10. Back cover

*All tables, figures and charts should be clearly labeled and numbered. Each table, chart or figure will have a number which reflects the chapter and the order within the chapter e.g. the first table in Chapter 3

will be Table 3.1, while the first figure in Chapter 3 will be Figure 3.1.

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4. Timelines and Penalties

The following table details key times and events in the FYP process. It is your

responsibility to ensure that you meet your deadlines and progress at the expected rate.

Semester Time Description PenaltiesFYP-1 Weeks 1-3 Explore ideas; anticipate a

project brief; talk to faculty members (see Item 5.1 for details of project brief)

FYP-1 Week 4 Submission of project brief (see Item 5.1 for details of

Students may be left without supervisors

project brief) FYP-1 Week 6 Research Proposal/Proposal

draft submitted to supervisor (see Item 5.2 for details)

Project may be postponed till next semester

FYP-1 Week 8 Proposal submitted to the academic office for official records.

Grade reduction in evaluation of the proposal

FYP-1 Week 16 Proposal finalized. Submission of first couple of chapters of FYP e.g introduction, literature review and methodology in empirical research paper.

FYP-1 Week 18 -20 Viva / Presentation. Award of final grade for Semester I

One grade reduction by the department for late submission

FYP-2 FYP-1 is a pre requisite for FYP-2

FYP-2 Week 8 Data collection andcompletion

FYP-2 Week 12 Findings and analysis completion

FYP-2 Week 15 Final project report submission

FYP-2 Week 18 - 20 Viva/presentation and award of final grades

One grade reduction by the department for late submission

FYP Guidelines-BBA

5. Essential Guidelines

5.1 Project BriefThe project brief is a one page document which conveys the main idea of the project to

the prospective supervisor. This is the basis of initial discussions between students and

supervisors. Rather than a purely oral discussion, students must approach supervisors

with a project brief.

Project Brief should be submitted to the related clusters for the evaluation of the topic

and its feasibility. There is no presentation required for the brief.

Parts of the brief:

The brief should have the following parts:

• Project title

• Three to six keywords

• Two paragraphs (approx. 250 words) explaining the key idea and methodology of

the project.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

5.2 Project Proposal

The proposal is a roadmap, showing the location from where the journey begins the

destination, and the route taken to get there. It tells us what, why, how, where, and to

whom and by whom will the research be done. It is a work plan, an outline, a statement

of intent or a draft plan. The FYP proposal will be evaluated by all the clusters for

approval.

The proposal should be 4 to 8 pages long (or1500-3000 words, maximum) and should

take the following form:

Parts of a proposal:

The proposal for a final year project should have the following parts:

• Project title

• Purpose of the study (introduction/brief background)

• Aims and objectives (usually written as 4-8 bullet points)

• Literature review (including importance/benefits of the study)

• Research design and methodology

• The analysis (i.e. the proposed analysis)

• Timelines / project plan (over 6 months)

• Output/Deliverables

• Bibliography

• Appendices – brief CV of the researchers

• Appendices – e.g. measurement instrument, depending on project

5.3 Selection of SupervisorA student can either select an Internal Supervisor or an external supervisor. In case of an

external supervisor an observer from the permanent faculty will monitor the activities. It

has to be ensured that the external supervisor is either from the middle management of an

organization or should be a faculty member in any other university. The supervisor

should assist the student by all means, but is not supposed to do work for him/her.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

5.4 Providing References (Made Simple)

References form an essential part of the FYP. To provide proper references, you must

train yourself to think in term of ‘In-Text Referencing’ and ‘End-Referencing’ which is

also called the ‘List Of References’. The former is about providing a reference while you

are writing the main document, while the latter is a detailed list which is provided at the

end of a document. Examples of Harvard referencing, which is the most commonly used

style in management journals, are provided below.

In Text Referencing Some examples of how to use references in the main text are:

Cooper and Schindler (2001) argued that …..

There is general consensus in the literature that….. (Goodstein, 1994; Ingram and

Simons, 1995; Wood et al., 2003).

It has been argued that …… (Goodstein, 1994a, 1994b, 2003; Ingram and

Simons, 1995).

The findings of an earlier paper by Goodstein (1994) differ from the subsequent

trends indicated by the literature in this area (Goodstein, 2003; Ingram and

Simons, 1995; Wood et al., 2003; Wikipedia, 2007; MoD, 2007).

When indicating a page number, you can do it like this (Meyer and Rowan, 1977,

pp. 342) or (Meyer and Rowan, 1977: 342) or (Meyer and Rowan, 1977, p. 342)

Please note:

All the commas, semicolons, colons full stops and brackets serve a purpose.

Where the name of an author is a natural part of the sentence, it is not written in

the brackets.

ALL NAMES ARE SURNAME i.e. FAMILY NAMES or SECOND NAMES, so

the faculty members would be: Nadeem, S., Bhatti, Y., Sadiq, M. ……DO NOT

USE FIRST NAMES

List of References This should be arranged alphabetically, by the SURNAME of authors. Table 1 provides

examples of how information should be presented for commonly used material (using

FYP Guidelines-BBA

Harvard system). The same material is provided as a list of references after Table 1.

Nature of material The way information should be presented Book: When the whole book is written by the named author(s).

Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, R. S. (2001), Business Research Methods (7th edition), Singapore, McGraw-Hill. Note: provide the information on edition of the book if available.

Book: When you are naming the editor of the book

Baum, J. A. C. (ed.) (2002), Companion to Organisations, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Note: use (ed.) for one editor and (eds.) if more than one editors.

Book chapter: When each chapter is written by different authors.

Amburgey, T. L. and Singh, J. V. (2002), ‘Organisational Evolution’ in Baum, J.A.C. (ed), Companion to Organisations, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Note: Mention edition of the book at the end of the book name, if applicable.

Report 1: A stand alone report

Chaplin, J., Mangla, J., Purdon, S. and Airey, C. (2005), The Workplace Employee Relations Survey 2004 Technical Report, London, National Centre for Social Research.

Report 2: Part of a series, hence series number mentioned

Hogarth, T., Hasluck, C. Pierre, G., Winterbotham, M. & Vivian, D. (2001), Employee friendly flexible working 2000: Baseline study of employee friendly flexible working practices in Great Britain, DfEE Research Report No. 249, Nottingham, DfEE Publications. Or With three or more authors, you can give the first two surnames and et al. So the above would be: Hogarth, Hasluck et al. (2001), Employee friendly …..

Journal article: Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977), ‘Institutionalised organisations: formal structure as myth and ceremony’, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 340-63. OR Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977), ‘Institutionalised organisations: formal structure as myth and ceremony’, American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340-63.

Magazine article: e.g. in Time

Elliott, M. (2007), The Chinese Century, Time, Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 15-23, January 22 Or Elliott, M. (2007, January 22), The Chinese Century, Time, Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 15-23

Newspaper article 1: When author is known

Roberts, D. (1998), ‘BAe sells property wing for $301m’, The Daily Telegraph, London, 10 October, pp. 31.

Newspaper article 2: When author is not known

Guardian (1992), ‘Fraud trial at Britannia Theme Park’, The Guardian, Manchester, 5 February, pp. 4.

Net download 1: Your favourite site

Wikipedia (2007), Harvard Referencing, [online] Available from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_referencing, [Accessed 6th April 2007] Note: Trust this sheet more than you trust wikipedia! Note: On most web pages, you can see the date on which it was last modified. Use that date in the initial parenthesis and not the date you accessed it on.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

Table 1: Examples of the way information should be presented in the end list of

references

REFERENCES(This is how your end referencing should look like – ALPHABETICALLY

arranged)

Amburgey, T. L. and Singh, J. V. (2002), ‘Organisational Evolution’ in Baum, J.A.C. (ed),

Companion to Organisations, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Baum, J. A. C. (ed.) (2002), Companion to Organisations, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

Chaplin, J., Mangla, J., Purdon, S. and Airey, C. (2005), The Workplace Employee Relations

Survey 2004 Technical Report, London, National Centre for Social Research.

Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, R. S. (2001), Business Research Methods (7th

edition), Singapore,

McGraw-Hill.

David, S. (2003), The role of power in employment relations, Unpublished PhD thesis, Cass

Business School, London.

Dex, S. and Smith, C. (2001), Which British employers have family-friendly policies? Analysis

of the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, Research papers in management studies, WP

17/2001, Cambridge, The Judge Institute of Management Studies.

Elliott, M. (2007), The Chinese Century, Time, Vol. 169, No. 2, pp. 15-23, January 22 Guardian

(1992), ‘Fraud trial at Britannia Theme Park’, The Guardian, Manchester, 5 February, pp. 4.

Hogarth, T., Hasluck, C. Pierre, G., Winterbotham, M. & Vivian, D. (2001), Employee

friendly flexible working 2000: Baseline study of employee friendly flexible working practices in

Great Britain, DfEE Research Report No. 249, Nottingham, DfEE Publications.

Meyer, J. W. and Rowan, B. (1977), ‘Institutionalised organisations: formal structure as myth

and ceremony’, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 340-63.

Net download 2: Corporate author

Telenor (2007), About Telenor, [online] Available from http://www.telenor.com/about/, [Accessed 6th April 2007] Note: On most web pages, you can see the date on which it was last modified. Use that date in the initial parenthesis and not the date you accessed it on.

Working paper Dex, S. and Smith, C. (2001), Which British employers have family-friendly policies? Analysis of the 1998 Workplace Employee Relations Survey, Research papers in management studies, WP 17/2001, Cambridge, The Judge Institute of Management Studies.

Thesis David, S. (2003), The role of power in employment relations, Unpublished PhD thesis, Cass Business School, London.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

NUCES (2006). Undergraduate Student’s Handbook 2006-2007, Islamabad, National University

of Computer and Emerging Sciences.

Roberts, D. (1998), ‘BAe sells property wing for $301m’, The Daily Telegraph, London, 10

October, pp. 31.

Telenor (2007), About Telenor, [online] Available from http://www.telenor.com/about/,

[Accessed 6th

April 2007]

Wikipedia (2007), Harvard Referencing, [online] Available from

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_referencing, [Accessed 6th

April 2007]

Note: Contact the library for further information.

5.5. Plagiarism

Presenting the words, the work, or the opinions of someone else as one’s own,

without proper acknowledgement is plagiarism. This includes material published on

the Internet.

Equally, copying the sequence in which someone else has arranged their ideas, their

thoughts or the material they have collected and analyzed without proper

acknowledgement (even if you are using your own words) is also plagiarism. This

includes copying material from other students.

Information on plagiarism is provided in the University’s Students’ Handbook (NUCES,

2006: 3). The next sub-section elaborates some commonly held misperceptions about

plagiarism.

Elaborating Plagiarism in the Words of Students

1. You cannot copy anybody else’s wording ‘word by word’ even if you are going to

give a reference at the end as this is plagiarism. (The idea is to summarize the

thoughts of others in your own words and then give a reference)

2. Definitions, where it is acceptable to copy the words, can be in quotes followed

by the proper in-text reference. It is also acceptable to write a definition without

quotation marks and give the reference immediately after the definition sentence

finishes. (Note: Definitions are usually one sentence long)

3. You cannot copy multiple paragraphs (even if you are using your own words)

FYP Guidelines-BBA

from someone else’s work, and give reference at the end of the last paragraph only,

without making it clear that all the paragraphs are from another source as this is still

plagiarism. You cannot assume that people will know that e.g. all four paragraphs are

from the source mentioned at the end of the fourth paragraph.

4. If you are copying a list developed by another author (and even if you are using

the list to develop sub-heading for your document), you must make it clear that the

list was developed by Author X, giving proper in-text and end-text reference. If you

do not identify the source of the list, this is plagiarism.

5. If you copy the first sentence or two of each of the ten to twelve paragraphs from

a document and make it into a new paragraph, it is still plagiarism.

6. If you are consistently using the work of one author for many paragraphs, you

may think that it is not essential to repeatedly give the reference. This could be

acceptable if you have made it clear that the discussion in a particular sub-section or

under a subheading is influence by the work of Author X. (Note: As mentioned in

Item 1, you still cannot use the ‘words’ of Author X)

7. If you first copy someone’s words and then explain the same idea in your own

words, not making it clear which are your words and which are borrowed, this is

plagiarism.

8. If you copy the key thoughts from a paragraph of another author, Author Y, and

that author has used multiple references in his/her work in this paragraph, you may

end up copying all the referencing in the paragraph. Copying multiple referencing

from another source is plagiarism unless you make it absolutely clear that this

collection of references is not yours but that of Author Y.

Overall, referencing should be given in such a way that it is obvious to the reader that

you have used the ideas of another person in a paragraph or multiple paragraphs.

Also, forgetting to give a reference is plagiarism.

Cutting references by accident because the word count was too high is plagiarism.

Please note, you may be tempted to retain the well structured sentences of

the original documents, but they are not your work.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

ReferencesFinal year project booklet for undergraduates, class of 2008: Kemmy Business School

FYP Guidelines-BBA

6: Appendix

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6.1 Project Brief Format

Title of the project: ________________________

Supervisor: _______________________________

Student Name/ Roll No.: _________________________

250 Words (Approx. Two Paragraphs)Font size: 12

New Times Roman

Justified

Line Spacing: 1.5

Margins: Normal (1, 1, 1, 1)

FYP Guidelines-BBA

6.2 Project Proposal Format

Project ProposalProject Title

Name, Roll No: __________ Supervisor: Name & Signature

__________ Observer: Name & Signature

__________

__________

National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences,

Islamabad

FYP Guidelines-BBA

Parts of a proposal Project title

Purpose of the study (introduction/brief background)

Aims and objectives (usually written as 4-8 bullet points)

Literature review (including importance/benefits of the study)

Research design and methodology

The analysis (i.e. the proposed analysis)

Timelines / project plan (over 6 months)

Output/Deliverables

Bibliography

Appendices – brief CV of the researchers

Appendices – e.g. measurement instrument, depending on project

Format:

HeadingSub heading

Sub - Sub heading

Main body: New Times Roman

Font Size: 12

Line Spacing: 1.5

Left Align, Justified


Length:

1500 - 3000 Words (Approx. 4-8 Pages)

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6.3 Project Report Format

FYP TITLE

Name,Roll No: __________ Supervisor:

__________ Observer:

__________

__________

Final Year Project Report

Year of Completion

National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences,

Islamabad

FYP Guidelines-BBA

FYP TITLE

Name, Roll No: __________ Supervisor:

__________ Observer:

__________

__________

Final Year Project Report

Year of Completion

Word Count:

This report is submitted to National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

on dd/mm/yy, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Masters/Bachelors of Business Administration.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Font size: 12

New Times Roman

Justified

Line Spacing: 1.5


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Font size: 12

New Times Roman

Justified

Line Spacing: 1.5


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LIST OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary ................................................................................................. iv

Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... v

List of Contents........................................................................................................ vi

List of Contents....................................................................................................... vii

List of Tables ......................................................................................................... viii

List of Tables ........................................................................................................... ix

List of Figures ........................................................................................................... x

1. Introduction........................................................................................................... 1

1.1 ......................................................................................................................... 21.2 ......................................................................................................................... 21.3 ......................................................................................................................... 21.4 ......................................................................................................................... 3

2. Literature Review .................................................................................................. 4

2.1 ......................................................................................................................... 52.2 ......................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1 .................................................................................................................. 62.2.2 .................................................................................................................. 8

2.3 ........................................................................................................................10 2.4 ....................................................................................................................... 11

2.5 ........................................................................................................................123. Methodology .......................................................................................................15

3.1 ........................................................................................................................163.2 ........................................................................................................................163.3 ........................................................................................................................17

3.3.1 .................................................................................................................183.3.2 .................................................................................................................24

4. Analysis ...............................................................................................................28

4.1 ........................................................................................................................29 4.2 ........................................................................................................................29

4.3 ........................................................................................................................294.4 ........................................................................................................................31

4.4.1 .................................................................................................................314.4.2 ................................................................................................................334.4.3 .................................................................................................................34

4.5 ........................................................................................................................344.5.1 .................................................................................................................364.5.2 .................................................................................................................37

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4.6............................................................................................................................394.7 ........................................................................................................................414.8 ........................................................................................................................444.9 ........................................................................................................................45

4.10 ......................................................................................................................455. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................50

5.1 ........................................................................................................................515.1.1 .................................................................................................................515.1.2 .................................................................................................................54

5.2 .........................................................................................................................55References................................................................................................................57

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: …………………………………………………………………....................19

Table 3.2: ……………………………………………………………………………......20

Table 3.3: ………………………………………………………………………......22, 23

Table 3.4: ………………………………………………………………………………..25

Table 3.5: ……………………………………...………………………………………26

Table 3.6: ……………………………………………………………………………...26

Table 4.1:…………………………………...………………………………………....30

Table 4.2: ……………………………………….………………………………….......31

Table 4.3: …………………………………………………………………………........32

Table4.4:………………………………………………..……………………………......32

Table 4.5:………………………………………………………….……………………33

Table 4.6 (a): ……………………………………………….…………………………...42

Table 4.6 (b): ………………………………………………………………………........43

Table4.6(c)…………………………………………………..…………………………..43

Table 4.7:………………………………………………………………………………..44

Table 4.8: ……………………………….……………………………………………….45

Table 4.9:………………………………………………………………………………...46

Table 4.10 ……………………………………………………………………………….47

Table 4.11 ………………...……………………………………………………………..47

Table 4.12 …………..…………………………………………………………………...47

Table 4.13 (a) ……………………………………………………………………………48

FYP Guidelines-BBA

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1:................................................................................................................14

Figure 4.1:................................................................................................................29

Figure 4.2:................................................................................................................30

Figure 4.3 …………………………………………………………………………….46

FYP Guidelines-BBA

CHAPTER No.HeadingSub heading

Sub - Sub heading

Main body: New Times Roman 12

Line Spacing: 1.5

Left Align, Justified


Tables & Figures Format:

Table 4.1 Gender Distribution in Four Companies

Figure 4.1Educational Qualifications of Respondents

Gender A B C D

Male

Female

Total

FYP Guidelines-BBA

REFERNCES(In Harvard Style of Referencing)

FYP Guidelines-BBA

6.4: Guidelines for the Preparation of FYP Poster

The FYP poster is a condensed representation of the Final Year Project. It should be neat,

attractive, and very inviting. Posters will be exhibited during the poster competition and

will be evaluated. The following is a list of recommended poster guidelines:

• Poster size must be 22.5'' x 34.5''.

• The orientation of the poster should be Portrait.

• Don't use too much text - just highlight your major points. Use bullets whenever

possible.

• Make sure the font is large enough for people to see from a couple of feet away.

• Illustrations and visualizations of concepts (maps, pictures, photos, design

drawings, diagrams, tables, charts, graphs, "screen captures") look nice and can

often say more than words.

• Make sure you spell check! (Also, note that capitalized words are often skipped

by most spell checkers.)

• The top-left part on the left side may be the title part and may contain Title of the

project, group members and Supervisor(s).

• The top-right part may contain Project Goals

• The bottom part may contain Project Plan and list of tentative deliverables for

final evaluation of FYP-1 course.

• While staying within these guidelines there is plenty of scope for individual

creativity through the use of different fonts, colors, backgrounds and graphics.

• Do not include too much information. Too much information may obscure the

main message of the poster. Limit the information to key information; rely on

answering questions and on your project summary to get across the detail.

• Use graphics where appropriate

• Posters should be submitted in a CD which includes an original Photoshop or

Corel file along with a jpeg image of the poster.

• Recommended tools for making poster are Adobe Photoshop and/or Corel Draw.

If the student uses some other tool they will be responsible for printing of Poster.

FYP Guidelines-BBA

FYP guidelines-BBA final version - Google Groups

Documents

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