Flash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia toward Religious Proselytizing of Islamic...

International Conference on CultureFlash Back the History of Islamic

kingdom In Indonesia toward Religious

Proselytizing of Islamic Culture

by:

Ady Mifarizki (1407042012)

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

AHMAD DAHLAN UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA2014/2015

Flash Back the History of Islamickingdom

In Indonesia toward ReligiousProselytizing of Islamic Culture

Abstract

The establishment of the Islamic kingdoms throughout

the Indonesia, greatly influence the religious

proselytizing of Islamic Culture. Then, religious

proselytizing of Islam in Indonesia certainly has an

impact elements of Islamic culture itself. The cultural

aspects of Islam went into Indonesia with his greatness

through many avenues such as traders, preachers,

trustees, experts Sufism, religious teachers, and Hajj-

pilgrimage.

Keyword: History, Islam, Kingdoms, and Culture

Acculturation

Flash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia towardReligious Proselytizing of Islamic Culture by Ady Mifarizki, S. Pd. Ahmad Dahlan University Graduate Program Email: [email protected] Website: www.kinghtmlcode.com

mailto:[email protected]

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study

The religious proselytizing of Islam in Indonesia

certainly has an impact elements of Islamic culture

itself. The relationship of Islam to the archipelago

early majority took place on the coast, especially

through trading activities between local residents and

traders Persian, Arabic, and Gujarat (India). Because

of this relationship allows the processes of

assimilation, syncretizing, and cultural acculturation.

Then, Islam appears as a competing Indian culture.

According to Supartono Widyosiswoyo (2006), the

religious proselytizing of Islam is divided into three

line locations, namely: the Northern, Central and

South. The three lines are based on the area of the

religious proselytizing of Islam entered Indonesia.

Northern is the arrival of Islam from Persia and

Mesopotamia.1 Then, Islam moves to the east by land of

Afghanistan, Pakistan, Gujarat, and takes the sea route

to Indonesia. The first unequivocal rise of Islam in

the archipelago is the headstone of Sultan Sulaiman ibn

Abdullah ibn al-Basir, who died in 608 H or 1211 M, at

1 Supartono Widyosiswoyo, 2006. Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia (Jakarta: Universitas Trisakti, Cet.2,) h.96-100



a funeral Lamreh, northern Sumatra.2 This headstone

shows that the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia.

Indonesia's first Islamic government is a

government that is a government twins. This government

is on the northeast coast of Aceh. Government of Aceh

is located in the area now known as the Aceh Besar

district. Here also locates the capital city. Unknown,

how the government is actually standing. Anas Mahmud

argues, the Government of Aceh was established in the

15th century M, on the ruins of the royal Lamuri, by

Muzaffar Shah (1465-1497).

While on the Java Island also stands Demak kingdom

led by Raden Patah, then Sultanate Pajang also seen as

the heir of the Islamic kingdom of Demak. Cirebon

Sultanate is the first Islamic kingdom in West Java.

The kingdom is founded by Sultan Gunung Jati.

Kalimantan also has two kingdoms, the king of the

kingdom of Banjar named Sultan Suruiansyah, and the

government is one of the Kutai king named Lord in

flash, or better known as Dato 'Ri Bandang.3

B. Problem Formulation2 M.C. Ricklefs, 2005. Sejarah Indonesia Modern. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. h.293 Yatim, Badri. 2011. Sejarah Peradaban Islam (Dirasah Islamiyah II). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers. h 208-209



1. How Islamic governments in Indonesia are known?

2. What are the Influences factors of the Islamic

government of Indonesia in the field of culture,

language, education, architecture and art?

C. The aims

1.To know the Islamic governments in Indonesia and

religious proselytizing of Islam in Indonesia.

2.Determine the influence of Islamic governance and

culture to culture.

DISCUSSION

A. Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia

1. Islamic Kingdoms in Sumatra

a) Samudra Pasai

Pasai is the first Islamic kingdom in Indonesia.

This government is on the northeast coast of Aceh.

Expected debut of the 13th century M as the process of

the religious proselytizing of Islam in coastal areas

who've visited the merchants Muslims since the 7th

century, 8th, and so on. The proof is the establishment

of the kingdom of the grave marker make of granite.

Then, it can be seen that the first king of the



kingdom, died in the month of Ramadan of the year 696

H, which is expected to coincide with the 1297 M.

Malik Al-Salih is the first king of the kingdom,

and the founder of the kingdom. This can be seen by

tradition the history of Kings’ pasai kingdome

(hikayat), Malay saga, and also the results of research

conducts on the various sources of Western scholars,

particularly in the Netherlands, such as Luigi

Hurgronye, JPMolquette, JLMoens, J.Hushoff Poll,

GPRouffaer, Khairy Chronicles Cowan, and others.

Politically, the emergence of government in the 13th

century. It was in line with the government's role

gloomy Fair, formerly memeganag important role in

Sumatra and the surrounding area.

b) Aceh Darusalam

Aceh’s Kingdome is located in the area now known

as the Aceh Besar. Here also lies the capital. Anas

Machmud argues, the kingdom of Aceh is established in

the 15th centur, over the ruins of the royal Lamuri, by

Muzaffar Shah (1465-1497). It was he who built the city

of Aceh Darussalam.

According to Reign, Aceh Darussalam has made

progress in the field of trade because the Muslim



merchants who previously trades with Malacca move their

activities to Aceh, after the Portuguese ruled Malacca

in 1511 M as a result of the conquest of North Malacca

strait melalaui Karimata of the Portuguese. The past

trade road from Sunda to Java sea and along the western

coast of Sumatra, and Aceh. Thus, Aceh visits many

merchants from various countries.4

2. Islamic Kingdoms in Java

a) Demak

Demak is the first Islamic kingdom in Java, this

government come when Majapahit kingdome runs down.

Under the leadership of Sunan Ampel Denta, Wali Songo

agree to lift the first King Raden Patah of Demak

kingdom. The title of Raden Fatah Palembang is Senopati

Jimbun Ngabdurrahman Panembahan Palembang Sayidin

Panatagama. Demak was Bintoro who is the origin of

Majapahit given by the King of Majapahit, Raden Patah.

Raden Patah’s reign lasted in the late 15th century

to early 16th century. He was a son of King Majapahit

and descent from a Muslim mother Campa. He replaced his

son Sambrang Lor, also known by the nickname Pati Unus.

According to Tome Pires, Pati Unus only 17 years old

4 Ibid. Yatim, Badri hal. 205-208Flash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia towardReligious Proselytizing of Islamic Culture by Ady Mifarizki, S. Pd. Ahmad Dahlan University Graduate Program Email: [email protected] Website: www.kinghtmlcode.com


when his father's place about the year 1507. Shortly,

after the accession to the throne, he devise a plan of

attack against Malacca. The spirit of war culminate

when the Portuguese conquer Malacca in 1511. However,

around the turn of the year 1512-1513, the army suffer

a big lose.

Pati Unus is replaced by Trenggono who appointed as

Sultan by Sunan Gunung Jati with the title of Sultan

Ahmad Abdul Arifin. He begins his reign in the year

1524-1546. During the third Sultan of Demak that Islam

is developed throughout the land of Java, even to South

Kalimantan. Sunda Kelapa conquest end in 1527 are

carried out by a combination of Demak and Cirebon under

the leadership of Khan Fadhilah. Tuban and Majapahit

fall down into Demak that estimate in 1527 as well.

b) Panjang

Kingdom of Pajang is seen as the successor to the

Islamic kingdom in Demak. This kingdom located in

Kartasura now it is the first Islamic kingdom located

in the island of Java. The age of this empire is not

long in the government power and greatness, then it is

taken by the kingdom of Mataram. The first King of this

kingdom is Jake Tingkir who is derived from Pengging,

the slopes of Mount Merapi. By the third king, SultanFlash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia towardReligious Proselytizing of Islamic Culture by Ady Mifarizki, S. Pd. Ahmad Dahlan University Graduate Program Email: [email protected] Website: www.kinghtmlcode.com


Demak Trenggono, Jaka Tingkir is appointed as King of

shelf after mated with his daughter.

c) Mataram

The beginning of the kingdom of Mataram was when

Sultan Adiwijaya of Pajang have recourse to Pamanahan

Ki coming from the countryside to face and quell the

rebellion Aria Penangsang. As a gift it, then present

Sultan of Mataram to Ki Pamanahan area that lowers the

Islamic Mataram kings later. In 1577 M, Ki Gede

Pamanahan occupy his new palace in Mataram. He replaces

his son, Senopati, in 1584 and confirm as king of

Mataram Sultan Pajang.

d) Cirebon

Cirebon Kingdome is the first Islamic kingdom in

West Java. The kingdom is founded by one of the members

Walisongo, namely Sunan Gunung Jati. Early in the 16th

century, Cirebon is Pakuan that is small area under the

rule of Padjadjaran. King Padjadjaran just put a chef

harbor there named Prince Walangsungsang, a character

who has a blood relationship with the King of

Padjadjaran.

e) Banten



Kingdom of the expansion of Islam in Banten is

performed by Cirebon kingdom led by Sunan Gunung Jati.

The expansion began with the occupation of the region

by Sunan Gunung Jati Sunda in 1527 M.

3. Islamic kingdoms in Kalimantan, Maluku, and

Sulawesi

a) Kalimantan

1) Banjar in South Kalimantan

This kingdom arises when a conflict event occurs

within the royal family, the prince of the ocean as the

legitimate heir kerajan Daha, with his uncle named

Pangeran Tumenggung. When King Sukarama approaches his

death, he intestate that changes him is the grandson

Raden Samudra. The fourth of his son would not accept

the request.

The opposition raises ocean discharge Prince of the

kingdom and ventured down to the kingdom of Demak. He

asked for help there, and eventually the kingdom of

Demak want to help the Pangeran Samudra as long as he

wants to embrace the teachings of Islam and eventually

succeed and develop into the kingdom of the Islamic

empire.



2) Kutai in East Kalimantan

According to the rule of Kutai’s kingdom, two men

arrived at the Kutai spreading Islam during the reign

of King Crown. One of them is Tuan Bandang, known as

Dato 'Ri Bandang dari Makasar, and the other is Tuan

Tunggan Parangan. After religious proselytizing of

Islam , Dato 'Ri Bandang back to Makasar and Tuan

Stables back to Kutai and through the latter King Crown

subject to the Islamic faith. After that, The Kingdome

built a mosque as a place of Islamic teachings. The

first is the King of the Crown itself, then Prince,

then ministers, commanders and commanders, and finally

the common people. This happened in 1575 M.

b) Maluku

This government stands circa 1406, the King of

Ternate converted to Islam, it is the name of the king

of Tidore Vong. It takes a noble lineage wives Java.

But the king is really converted to Islam is a king

named Zayn al-Abidin in 1486-1500 M.

c) Sulawesi

Goa-Tallo kingdom is a twin kingdom, usually

referred to as the kingdom of Makassar. This kingdom is

located in the southwestern peninsula of Sulawesi



Island. The Kingdom of receiving the teachings of Islam

from Gresik or Giri scattered in the process of

religious proselytizing of Islam throughout the

Indonesia.

The twins’ kingdom of Goa-Tallo said "Islamic

message" to the other kingdoms such as Luwu, older,

Wajo Soppeng, and Bone.

B. Influences of Islamic Kingdom

With the establishment of the Islamic kingdoms

throughout the Indonesia archipelago, greatly influence

the spread of Islam process. In terms of propaganda in

general the majority of the king and the people to help

the greatness of Islam by using the propagator

profession generally traders, preachers, trustees,

experts Sufism, religious teachers, and Hajj-

pilgrimage. They spread Islam through a number of

channels. These channels take place in six ways namely;

trade, marriage, mysticism, education, arts and the

creation of an egalitarian society in a bid social

strata.

1. Effect in language

Islamic Conversion archipelago initially occurred

around the Malay Peninsula. Following the conversion,



the population continues to use the Malay language.

Malay then used as a trade language that is widely used

in the western part of the Indonesian archipelago. As

the development of early Islam, Malay also included a

number of Arabic vocabulary into language structure. In

fact, Taylor recorded approximately 15% of the

vocabulary of the Malay language is an adaptation of

the Arabic language.5

Alongside the rise of Islam became the dominant

religion of the archipelago, occurring on the language

used syncretizing Islam. Syncretizing happens for

example in the structure Çaka calendar. This date is in

the mainstream of Indian culture. In syncretic, the

names of the Supreme Islamic month has syncretized by

Hanyakrakusuma (sultan of Mataram Islam) into the

dating system Çaka. Çaka calendar-based calendar of the

Sun (the solar, Gregorian-like), while the circulation-

based Islamic calendar month (Qamariah).

The result in 1625, the Supreme Hanyakrakusuma

decreed Çaka calendar changes into the Javanese

calendar which has heavily influenced the culture of

Islam. The names used remained 12 months, the same as

the Hijri calendar (Islamic version). The mention of5 Jean Gelman Taylor, Indonesia: Peoples and Histories (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003) p.66.



the name refers to the Arabic month as Sura (or Assyura

in Shia Muharram), Sapar (Safar), Mulud (Al-Awwal),

Bakda Mulud (Rabi End), Jumadilawal (Jumadil

Beginning), Jumadilakir (Jumadil Final) , Rejeb

(Rajab), Ruwah (Sha'ban), Pasa (Ramadan), Sawal

(Shawwal), Sela (Dzulqaidah), and Large (Hijjah).

However, the daily Çaka that moment the most widely

used. The Çaka calendar cannot be replaced just like

that without creating a radical change in community

activities (social revolution).

In addition, to decide the name of the moon, related

into Arabic vocabulary. Same with a number of Sanskrit

recognized as part of the Indonesian, Arabic vocabulary

was finally entered into the structure of the

Indonesian language, which is a little example as

follows:

Arab Indonesia

Isnain Senin (dua)

Tsalasa Selasa (tiga)

Arbain Rabu (empat)

Kamis Khamis (lima)



jumu’ah Jumat (ramai)

Badan Tubuh

Yatim Yatim

Wujud Wujud (rupa)

Usquf Pemimpin gereja

Umr Umur

Daraja Derajat

Darura Darurat

Awwal Awal

Atlas Atlas

Asli Asli

‘amal Amal

Ala Alat

Alama Alamat

Alami Alami

Arabic is even more significant in the 18th century

and 19 in Indonesia, where people are more familiar

reading Arabic letters rather than Latin. In fact, in

the Dutch colonial period, the currency of Malay

written in Arabic letters, Arabic Pegon, Jawi or

Arabic. Arabic script is still often found as a

description of the tombstones of the kings of the

Islamic empire.Flash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia towardReligious Proselytizing of Islamic Culture by Ady Mifarizki, S. Pd. Ahmad Dahlan University Graduate Program Email: [email protected] Website: www.kinghtmlcode.com


2. Education field

One manifestation of a more systemic influence of

Islam is boarding school. Originally boarding states

from Shastri language (Sanskrit), which means people

who know the scriptures of Hinduism. In java language,

which means people who follow wherever his master goes.

The phenomenon has grown boarding before Islam arrived.

Boarding school became a place of education and

teaching of Hinduism. After Islam come, curriculum and

educational process of negotiated change into Islamic

boarding schools.

Basically, boarding school is a traditional hostel

Islamic education. Students live together to study

religious sciences under the guidance of a teacher

called Kyai. Boarding students are in boarding school

complex where the clerics reside. In other words,

boarding can be identified that there are five basic

elements, namely: huts, mosques, students, clerics, and

classic books (yellow book).

Regarding the significant role of this boarding

school, Harry J. Benda calls the history of Indonesian-

style Islamic civilization is the history magnify

students and its influence on the religious, social,



and economic development in Indonesia.6 Through Islamic

boarding school (pesantren), Islamic culture was

developed and adapted to the local culture that

developed around without causing significant horizontal

conflicts.

6 Murray Gordon O’Hanlon, Pesantren dan Dunia Pemikiran Santri: Problematika Metodologi Penelitian yang dihadapi Orang Asing (Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, 2006) h.1.



3. In the field of architecture and art

A mosque is a place of worship of Muslims. Mosques

are built after the initial penetration of Islam into

the archipelago is quite different from that developed

in the Middle East. One is the absence of a dome at the

top of the building. The dome was replaced sort of

Meru, the arrangement of three or five-level pyramid,

similar to the Hindu architecture. Banten Mosque has

five levels, while the Holy Mosque and Demak three

levels. However, the shape of the wall of the building

is equal to the square of its parent culture.

Another difference, minarets originally not built

in Indonesia. Tower pealing intended as a call to

prayer. The role of the tower replaced the drum or

percussion as a marker of the entry time of prayer.

After a drum or percussion sounded, began the call to

prayer. However, there is also such towers built in the

Masjid Qudus and Demak. Interestingly, in the form of a

tower-like building of the mosque Hindu temple.

Although, the past has now been completed towers,

buildings far in the past the mosque still retains its

local forms, especially Meru and three-story pyramid.

Tomb. The tomb is the location of a person's body

is buried after die. After the influence of Islam, theFlash Back the History of Islamic kingdom In Indonesia towardReligious Proselytizing of Islamic Culture by Ady Mifarizki, S. Pd. Ahmad Dahlan University Graduate Program Email: [email protected] Website: www.kinghtmlcode.com


grave of an effect is no longer manifested in the form

of the temple, but merely cupola. The location is

marked also buried body’s tombstone. Nisan is the

application form of Islam in Indonesia. Headstone

Indonesia is not just a rock, but there are people who

carved marker interred.



CONCLUSION

A. Conclusion

The establishment of the Islamic kingdoms

throughout the Indonesia, greatly influence the

religious proselytizing of Islamic Culture. The

cultural aspects of Islam went into Indonesia with his

greatness through many avenues such as traders,

preachers, trustees, experts Sufism, religious

teachers, and Hajj-pilgrimage. As well as the Islamic

empire Samudara Pasai the first Islamic kingdom in the

Indonesia archipelago where Islamic empire influence

structure and governance programs in Aceh are based on

the foundation of Islamic law, often referred to

'veranda of Mecca'. Similarly, Javanese kingdoms that

many trustees led by his preaching that combines

aspects of Islamic culture that can be accepted in

Indonesian society well.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

Supartono Widyosiswoyo, 2006. Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia

(Jakarta: Universitas Trisakti, Cet.2,)

Yatim, Badri. 2011. Sejarah Peradaban Islam (Dirasah

Islamiyah II). Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

M.C. Ricklefs, 2005. Sejarah Indonesia Modern.

Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

R. Soekmono, 2008. Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3

(Yogyakarta: Kanisius, Cet.19,)

Murray Gordon O’Hanlon, 2006. Pesantren dan Dunia Pemikiran

Santri: Problematika Metodologi Penelitian yang dihadapi Orang

Asing (Malang: Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang)

Jean Gelman. 2003. Taylor, Indonesia: Peoples and Histories

(New Haven: Yale University Press,)



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