Financing in EducationSahaab Akbar

Financing in Education

▪ Realizing the Problem.▪ Where we stand?– Comparative study of Pakistan with the world– Busting Myths

▪ What is being done?– Analyzing present trends– Some Examples

▪ What more can be done?– Building recommendations– Working together

▪ Conclusion.

Realizing the Problem

▪ 50 percent of Pakistanis are below 22 years of age.▪ Less than half of these ever complete Primary education.▪ Around two thirds of out-of-school children in our country are female.

▪ This means less than 50 percent people enter adult life uneducated and ill equipped to face the world.

▪ Out of those educated ¾ cannot do basic elementary maths.▪ There is little or no incentive for either parents of pupils to OPT for education.

▪ Illiteracy if on the rise and Pakistan faces a dire problem in future.

Where we stand?

India Pakistan USA Japan0

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A comparative study of Pakistan with the world

1989-93 1999-03 2009-13

S o u r c e : W o r l d B a n k S u r v e y 1 9 8 9 - 2 0 1 3

Busting Myths

Contrary to common belief…▪ Private Schools cannot address the need for a wholesome system.▪ Lack of Infrastructure does not dictate quality education since AJK and Gilgit Baltistan present a far better quality and enrollment ratio.

▪ Corruption is the most important issue. Ghost Schools, etc. are a parasite to the already vanishing budget.

▪ Localized involvement and monitoring of funds can mean more effective delivery of Better Education.

▪ Generalized formula is as important as a specific one.▪ There should be room in the system to support incentive for those who opt for education.

Multiple Sources

What is being done?

▪ Estimated 25 Million children out of school.

▪ Primary Level out-of-school children are not addressed.

▪ Drop out ratio is high.▪ No legislature is present to direct funds.

▪ Moving up the ladder even more children drop out of school.

▪ The system is not sustainable in Pakistan.*

Male FemalePrimary Level 2,319,405 3,051,023

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What is being done?

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ISAPS

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What is being done?

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What is being done?

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What is being done?

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Unmatched80%

Matched20%

Missing Facilities Programme MNA/MPA Package (2011-12)▪ Total Schemes = 1664

▪ 20.13% of the total schemes matched

▪ Districts with Zero Matching:– Multan– Lodhran– Mandi Bahauddin

What is being done?

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ISAPS

Instit

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Unmatched74%

Matched26%

Model School Scheme (2011-12)▪ Total Schemes = 364▪ 25.55% of the total schemes matched

▪ Districts with Zero Matching:– Multan– Lodhran– Khushab– Vehari– Chiniot

What is being done?

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ISAPS

Instit

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kistan

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Unmatched94%

Matched6%

School Upgradation Programme (2011-12)▪ Total Schemes = 976▪ 5.53% of the total schemes matched

▪ Districts with Zero Matching: – Lodhran– Chiniot– Rajanpur– Hafizabad– Mandi Bahauddin– Kasur– Sheikhupura– Attock– Jhelum– Bhakkar– Khushab

Building Recommendations

▪ Creating new and innovative nancing sources for both fipublic & private sectors should be an immediate priority.

▪ Instead of allowing NGOs to open up schools, quality can improve in private schools if they are offered support services (albeit with a charge) through facilitating mechanisms that can advise schools on management, syllabi, and technical training.

▪ Policy interventions that make the teacher responsive to the children’s needs and take effective interest in the classroom are of rst order importance. Pakistan is sadly fione of the few countries where the pupil-teacher relationship is far worse, than other developing ones.

Multiple Sources

Building Recommendations

▪ Given the increase in school choices at the village level, vouchers that allow potentially credit-constrained parents to choose among both public and private schools can be an important step in facilitating the functioning of the market.

▪ Creating programs that directly affect this environment, such as enabling mothers to better support child learning would pay large dividends.

▪ The provision of performance report cards, especially when tied together with a voucher system and a mechanism for local school control for voucher funds in public schools, would allow for the alignment of school and teacher incentives with parental demand.

Multiple Sources

Working togetherA can do approach

Working together

A can do approach means:▪ Working with partnerships to better monitor the finance.▪ Civil society, media and government machinery all provide positive checks to one another in a healthy society.

▪ There is no reason for red-tape culture. Decisions should be swift, transparent and affective.

▪ The government should be more focused towards meeting its budgetry promises.

▪ Awareness is KEY!

Multiple Sources

Thank you for your diligence

“Every piece of a jigsaw is as important as the whole puzzle. You miss one and you end up loosing the whole picture!”

- Norman Gridwald