THE INSTITUTE OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

PLANNING-DODOMA

MANYONI DISTRICTSINGIDA REGION

FIELD PRACTICAL REPORT

(2013)

Prepared by: Group 9

LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCE

15th AUGUST 2013

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This report provides an analysis and evaluation on natural

resources found within Manyoni district for instance land,

forests, wild animals, water and Minerals. The result of all

calculations shows that land fertility, wild animals and forests

have declined in comparison to past ten (10) years. Forests

declines due to the fact that most of people in the district

depends forest for Timber production, Charcoal and Firewood as a

source of energy. Land fertility have declined because most of

the do not apply fertilizer. The disappearance of animal species

and decrease in size of the area covered by the forest is

obviously caused local agricultural methods conducted at Manyoni

District.

The study will show general picture of economic activities and

social services found in Manyoni district that exist due to bad

use of natural resource and will recommend on how to decrease the

burden of the problem.

Land ownership also have been the major problem to Manyoni

people since most of them own land Traditionally by clearing

forest and only few of them have Government title deeds.

The recommendation discussed includes the following:-

• People should use organic fertilizers such as Farm yard

manure, kraal manure and green manure which are friendly to

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the environment so as to add nutrient in the soil make micro

organisms survive in the soil.

• The government should provide of education on the use of

bio-gas instead of using firewood and charcoal as a major

source of cooking energy.

• The government should provide the easiest access to title

deeds through different ways such as MKURABITA.

• Land zoning basing on peoples economical activities is

important in resolving land conflicts.

• The government should empower of the small scale miners

The report also investigate the fact that the analysis conducted

have limitations, some of the limitations includes Missing

values, too little knowledge of students on Statistical Package

for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel.

Two major types of land ownership are also discussed which are

Customary land ownership and Statutory land ownership.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and

deep regards to our Supervisor Mr. WINANI for his exemplary

guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the

course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by

him time to time shall carry us a long way in the journey of life

on which we are about to embark.

We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of

gratitude to the Manyoni district leaders, Villagers, and other

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government officials for their cordial support, valuable

information, and guidance which helped us in completing this task

through various stages.

We obliged to staff members of Institute of Rural Development

Planning (IRDP), for their valuable information and cordial

support provided by them in their respective fields. We are

grateful for their cooperation during the period of our

assignment.

Lastly, we thank almighty Dr. CHAYA and Mr. DANFORD CHISOMI for

their constant encouragement without which this assignment would

not be possible.

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Manyoni district is gifted with vast Natural resources that

include River, Dams which provide great chance for irrigation and

water for domestic purpose as well as for livestock keeping and

for being consumed by wild animals.

Other Natural resources in the district includes bee products,

Minerals, Forests and Wild animals of which can be utilized for

socio-economic gain.

2.0 METHODOLOGY

Our research methodology requires gathering relevant data from

the specified document (Questionnaire) and compiling database

known as Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) in order

to analyze the material and arrive at a more complete

understanding.

2.1 Study design

In this study, cross –sectional study will be used and population

will be studying are all households.

2.2 Data collection technique

In the research the technique data collection consisted of

Interview, Survey and Observation. Household were randomly

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selected from each hamlet in its respective ward within Manyoni

district. The goal was to interview approximately 4500

participants who embody a range of Identity position and who come

from the same community in Manyoni district. We worked with Ward

Executive Officers, Village Executive Officers and Agriculture

Field Officers and Hamlet leaders to identify the potential

participants.

This investigation will utilize both Quantitative and Qualitative

data collection tools but is rooted in a qualitative position

that recognizes the importance of locating the research with the

particular social, cultural and Historical context.

3.0 FINDINGS ON NATURAL RESOURCES FOND IN MANYONI DISTRICT

3.1 Land

The district is estimated to have 6,097.43 Km2 for forestry,

15,200 Km2 for game reserves, 28,455,676 hectares for settlement,

164,332 hectares for arable farming of which part of it is

currently under use and the large portion of land suitable for

agriculture remains unutilized. Area covered by water like dams,

rivers, bore holes and springs are not yet been measured. The

district has adequate land for cash crop production. The major

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crops grown in Manyoni district include millet, groundnuts,

paddy, sunflower, Bambara nut, maize and sweet potatoes. Paddy,

Bambara nuts and groundnuts are grown for both cash and food

crop. Sunflower is mainly grown as a cash crop.

3.1.2 Ownership of land for farming activities

The result from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that

although majority of households are own land for farming

activities. Out of 3,421

households 1485 own land

through inheritance, 1020

own land by clearing

forest and 916 by buying

the land. 87% of

households have no title

deeds while only 13%

found to have title deeds. This implies that many small scale

farmers have no access to loan in financial institutions; hence

efforts need to be in places to counteract the prevailing

situation.

Fig 1: Types of Land

possession

The result from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that

majority of households are possess land for farming activities

traditionally and minority own legally by Government (see fig 1).

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3.1.3 Land Conflicts

The end result from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that

land conflicts do exist. These conflicts includes Farmers and

livestock keepers is the major conflict, followed by Village to

village conflicts as well as villagers and investors

The result from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that 47% is

farmers and livestock keepers conflicts, 34.00% is village to

village conflicts and 18.40% is a village and investors

conflicts. This implies that pressure on and is increasing and

hence efforts need to be in places to counteract the prevailing

situation by making all areas measured and categorized and

boundaries are well determined (see figure 2).

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Fig 2: Types of conflicts

3.1.4 Solution to different land conflicts

The result from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that 64.5%

of households solve land conflicts through Ward land council

resolution though about 19.6% solve land conflicts though

government officials and 15.9% through meetings.

3.2 Forestry

The district is also endowed with forestry resources. A good

number of people in the district depend on trading forestry

products as one of their important

livelihood strategies. Furthermore,

a significant proportion of

charcoal and firewood supply come

from forestry surrounding them in

Manyoni district. The trend on the

volumes of forest products harvested as a source of energy used

for cooking in the district (see fig 3). The data indicates that

forestry products harvested over past ten (10) years have been

declining and that there is no sign of having the trend of

increasing, this implies that pressure on forests is increasing

and hence efforts need to be in places to counteract the

prevailing situation.

Figure 3: Energy sources used for cooking

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3.2.1 Forest reserves

The district is estimated to have about 6,097.43 km2 covered with

Natural forests and exotic forests. Midavi, Mwarobaini and

Mikaratus trees constitute the proportion of forest in the

district.

3.2.3 Tree planting efforts in the district

Most of the tree planting efforts in the district has been

initiated by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). In line with

tree planting campaign they also advocate for the use of improved

cooking stoves. Although data are not available to indicate how

many trees have survive.

The outcome from survey carried out in 2013 indicates that

although greater part of households are aware of environmental

protection bylaws and tree planting campaigns in the area, many

households are still unwilling to plant trees due to fear among

themselves that the trees will not stay alive. This fear is the

results of knowledge that they do not have adequate water for

watering and their experience that most of newly established tree

seedlings are being destructed by termites.

These have been among the major forest conservation challenges in

the Manyoni district. At present, the activity of planting trees

in the district is only seriously accomplished in institutions

like primary schools and secondary schools, who plant trees

around their compounds.

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3.2.4 Environmental problems resulting from deforestation in

Manyoni district

Like other part of central Tanzania environmental degradation due

to deforestation and overgrazing is one of the major problems in

Manyoni district. This has resulted into declining soil

fertility, reduction in the number of natural tree species and

wild animals.

Fig 4: Existence of soil erosion in the farming area Fig 5:

Status of the soil from the past 10 years

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Fallout from the investigation done (2013) in Manyoni district

indicates that (see fig 5): more than ninety one percent (91%) of

surveyed households complained that land fertility has decline to

a large extent in recent

years compared to the past

ten (10) years ago. In the

same way, soil erosion in

farming area exists by 53.7%.

Number of tree species and

area under natural forest has declined. Deforestation has been

caused by clearing of land for farming and cutting trees for

firewood and charcoal. Also the majority of households said that

area covered by forest has decreased (See fig 6).

Fig 6: The status of the area

covered by the forest

Fig 6 indicates that area covered by forest over past ten (10)

years have been declining and that there is no sign of having the

trend of increasing, this entails that demands on forests is

mounting and hence hard work need to be in places to neutralize

the existing state of affairs.

3.2.5 Bylaws to reduce deforestation in Manyoni district

In an attempt to battle environmental problems several bylaws

exist in the area. These include restrictions on setting fire on

bushes/forest; restriction on burning charcoal unless one has

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permission from Village Executive Officers; imposition of fines

to deviants; and requiring each household should plant at least

ten (10) trees each year. The result from survey carried out in

2013 indicates that 59.3% of the surveyed households agreed on

existence of bylaws on misuse of the forest resources. The data

from research done (2013) in Manyoni district point out that

29.1% of household do not know that bylaws on forest misuse do

exist.

3.3 Wild animals

There is no identified game reserve in Manyoni district, but

animals are found in some traditional forest reserves. Animals

species found in the area are Lions, Hyena and Elephants. Since

there are no identified game reserves, this sub-sector does not

contribute to the district economy.

The upshot from survey carried out

in 2013 indicates that mass of

households said that number and

species of wild animals has

declined. The data from figure 7;

indicates that 91.1% said that

wild animals has declined over

past 10 years; this implies that stress on wild animals has

increased and hence efforts need to be in places to frustrate the

current circumstances.

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Fig 7: Availability of

wild animals

3.4 Water resource

In Manyoni district there are water sources which if utilized

many economic gains can be realized. There are a seasonal rivers

and dams which supply water for paddy irrigation. Despite the

production of paddy which has been the major cash as well as food

crop in the area, fishing project can be established in viable

wards. Thus, irrigation agriculture emphasis as well as fishing

could lead to employment, improve food security and increase of

income to the district and its effect will spill over to the

districts.

3.5 Mining

Mining sector in the district is still in the infant stage;

currently what exists in the district is small scale gold mining

carried out by local people using traditional methods. Thus,

empowering of the small scale miners can lead to high production

of mines in a high quality and quantity for domestic and export

purposes.

4.0 LESSONS LEARNT

Through our research done (2013) in Manyoni district involved

different kind of learning that requires critical thinking,

Building confidence, problem-solving skills, detailed analysis

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and synthesis of ideas as well as challenging ourselves in new

ways.

We also discovered that, research requires the highest order

of academic professionalism and integrity

It gave us an opportunity to familiarize with different

bachelor degree students, work closely with villagers and

other experienced researchers

Some of us, previously did not know how statistical Package

for Social Science (SPSS) is operated for data entry and

analysis as well as Microsoft Excel so that we can get a

useful information for sustainable development planning but

through this assignment made this possible

Lastly, though presentation we improved oral speaking skills

and confidence to stand in front of more than four hundred

(400) student and almost ten (10) lecturers

4.1 Challenges

The major challenge was Transport services. Some of students had

not been walked before for more than eight (8) kilometers all

long, but we were forced to do so because of shortage of cars.

Other social services like dispensaries, water, and communication

were not a big deal to most of us. Also, there was a language

barrier. Most of the respondents were speaking mother tongue

language like Gogo, Nyiramba though most of them were elders.

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On our side, we were not competent enough in understanding

questions especially those who were responsible in collecting

Secondary data from the Ward

5.0 CONLUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

As we saw from the above discussion, it shows that most of the

households at Manyoni district do own land. This is due to the

fact that most of them depend on agriculture (pastoralist and

farming) as the economic base.

• People should use organic fertilizers such as Farm yard

manure, kraal manure and green manure which are friendly to

the environment so as to add nutrient in the soil make micro

organisms survive in the soil.

• The government should provide of education on the use of

bio-gas instead of using firewood and charcoal as a major

source of cooking energy.

• The disappearance of animal species and decrease in size of

the area covered by the forest is obviously caused local

agricultural methods conducted at Manyoni District.

• The government should provide the easiest access to title

deeds through different ways such as MKURABITA.

• Land zoning basing on peoples economical activities is

important in resolving land conflicts.

• The government should empower of the small scale miners

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APPENDIX I: SINDIDA REGION IN BRIEF

1.0 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Singida region is found in Tanzania main land. It located below

the equator between latitudes 3052’ and 7034’. Longitudinally,

the region is situated between 33027’ and 35026’ east of

Greenwich.

2.0 BOUNDARIES

North – Shinyanga Region

Northeast – Manyara Region

East – Dodoma Region

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Southeast – Iringa Region

Southwest – Mbeya Region

West – Tabora Region

3.0 LAND AREA

Total land area of Singida region is about 49, 438 km2 out of

which 95.5 km2 or 0.19 percent are covered by water bodies of

lake Eyas, Kitangiri, Singidani, Kindai and Balengida. The

remaining 49,342.5 km2 is land area. It is 13th in size and

occupies about 5.6 percent of the Tanzania mainland’s total area

of 881,289 km2.

4.0 CENSUS POPULATION

According to National census in (2002): 1,370,637

According to National census in (2012): 1,090,758

APPENDIX II: MANYONI DISTRCT IN BRIEF

Manyoni district is one of the four districts in the Singida

Region. The district capital is Manyoni.

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1.0 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Latitude: 6o23’24”

Longitude: 34o31’40”

2.0 BOUNDARIES

North – Singida Rural and Singida Urban district

East – Dodoma Region

South – Iringa Region

Southwest – Mbeya Region

West – Tabora Region

3.0 POPULATION CENSUS

According to National census in (2002): 205,423

According to National census in (2012): 296,763

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GOUP NINE (9) PARTICIPANTS

S/N NAME

1. MTESSIGWA WILBERT MGANGA

2. MSAKY EDINA EDWARD

3. MBOMBILE MWANAJUMBE ZUBERI

4. MAHUSHI DANIEL EPHRAHAM

5. TIBESIGWA EMINAELY VEDASTO

6. PRIVATUS KASHATO

7. MWISOLWA MVINGWA ADSONI

8. MAKANGE AMAN MATHEW

9. MAKILIKILA EDITHA ERNEST

10. MALATA BELTA KORNEL

11. MATHAYO ISRAEL MFUNGO

12. GOSBERT MWAISAKA

13. SHAGY GUDA PETER

14. GOWELE BARAKA

15. MASANJA PETER

16. FUNDI MWABITA VEDASTUS

17. ANDONDILE MINGA

18. MASING’OTI ALFRED PETER

19. LUSAWO GODWIN YONA

20. MASHOKO LEODGAR ANICETH

21. NORASCO HAULE

22. NDELWA ROGERS DAVID

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23. FURAHA PONERA

24. SUBI HAPPINESS MADUHU

25. WAZIRI G. GEHO

26. MWAIJANDE ENEA GENNER

27. KASUWI KHIDAYAH

28. MARIKI KANASIA NATHAEL

29. MOLLEL MONICA DANIEL

30. GLORIA MBENA

31. MPANDUJI FRANKLIN RENATUS

32. MAHENGE OLIPHA

33. MAVUNDE MICHAEL LAURENT

34. PLAYGOD ESTHER MALE

35. SAID SHAMILA

36. KIUGU MOHAMEDI

37. ROCKET MANG’OMBE

38. ILUMINATA HAULE

39. MOSHA LULU

40. FUNDI RAMADHAN

41. FERNANDES JOACHIM

42. YASINTA LIMUNA

43. PROSPER SEMU

44. JOACHIM MASAWE

45. JACKSON RITI

46. RITANDA JOSEPH

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