EVALUATING ENERGY EFFICENCY OF GREEN BUILDING THROUGHEXTERIOR FINISHING MATERIALS

ALGBURI Omar Hamad PH.D. Gazi Universitesi . Department Architecture

Supervised by : Dr Idil Aycam

The Layout of the research

GIRIŞ

1. Aim of the paper research

This research focused on energy efficiency of green

building design in relation to the selection of finishing

materials used in the exterior face of buildings. The main

aim of this study is to evaluate the aspect of energy

efficiency of the building in sustainability concept within

1

the scope of architecture for selecting sustainable

finishing materials in the exterior face of building through

wall finishes.

Accordingly, exterior finishing materials can easily effect

the indoor environment in a positive or negative way according to

it’s ability such as, support healthy environments,

influence thermal performance, air quality, toxicity and

mold.

However, the scope of this research will mainly seek to

answer the following questions:

. What is sustainable material features?

. What are the requirements to select the green

(sustainable) finishing materials used in the

exterior facade of buildings and its effect on

energy efficient of the building?

In light of answering these questions, architecture

designer will know that finishing materials used for

exterior finishing are not just surface covers. Therefore,

careful selection of material among the techniques of

sustainability concept will be the scope of this study.

Furthermore, wellbeing of building occupants and healthy

environment can be guarantees achieved by following the

techniques of sustainability. Thus, sustainability concept

selected to study in this research also because it become as

2

a requirement in any design for any building nowadays.

However, careful selection of material among the techniques

of sustainability concept will be the scope of this study.

QUESTION

1-             What are the result expectation from this research? To answer this question I will mention that 

Expectation the results of the study from the beginning

steps is one of the vital key to success the study .Result

expected from my research in this area (sustainable

finishing material) will provide architecture designers with

more knowledge and awareness that will assist them as they

address sustainable or green building design .Also,the

study will illustrate the great impact of selection

materials toward energy efficiency of the building (in terms

of waste reduction, sources reduction) .

Student in architecture field can make a research by select

and focus on one of the following way

(Technical study , Environment concern , Human behavior

inside the building)

So, architecture who focus on environmentally responsibility

design and search in this field to find a suitable question

to search or find a solution for an environmentally problem,

will immediatly faces sustainability (Green Architecture)

concept in the available sources such as books, article ,web

site.

3

However in my research measure can be taken to reflect

concern for both global environment by studing (energy

efficiency within the green building principles) and human

life quality by studying (extiror finishing material) in the

most crowded building nowadays.(public building)

General View in Finishing Materials

(in construction), materials and items used to improve the service and decorative qualities of buildings and structures, as well as to protect structural members from atmospheric and other effects. The main finishing materials in modern construction include finishing mortars and concretes; natural and artificial masonry materials; decorative ceramics; materials and items made from wood, paper, glass, plastic, and metals; and paints and varnishes.

Finishing materials are usually designed for interior or exterior finishing; some materials are used for both (for example, natural decorative stone, ceramic materials, and architectural glass). A special group consists of materials and items for covering floors, which must meet a number of specific requirements (negligible wear, high impact strength, and so on).

Structural finishing materials, which also perform the functions of enclosing members and are components of such members (decorative concrete, facing brick, glass blocks, and molded glass).

4

Brick and stone

5

The most basic of building materials are those that come from the ground, either found as part of the landscape (suchas stone), or sourced from the earth (such as clay, which can then be molded into bricks). Architecture built from such materials will literally become a part of its surrounding landscape. Other rocks or stones such as graniteor marble (which are mined or quarried) can also be incorporated into designs to produce architecture that is strongly connected to its place of origin.

1- High House Location: Vaduz, Liechtenstein Architect: Hansjörg Göritz2- Piazza della Signoria, Italy

6

Compton Verney House Location: Warwickshire, UK

A traditional finishing material is natural stone, which is durable and has an attractive appearance. Facing products are produced from granite, syenite, gabbro, limestone, marble, and quartzite. Natural stone finishing materials areused for exterior and interior facingson walls and for floor coverings,mainly in public buildings andstructures, such as theaters, hotels,and subway stations. Natural stonematerials are also used in the form ofdecorative chips to finish thesurfaces of concrete and reinforced-concrete parts and units.

Glass and steel

Glass and steel represent amanufactured form of

7

architecture; these are materials that are used frequentlyin contemporary architecture to produce buildings thatare both functional and practical. Yet the aestheticpossibilities with glass and steel are impressive; the architecture that utilises these materials can becomealmost invisible, framing views of landscape or sky, ortransport us to the height of a bird soaring above a city.Before the use of steel in architecture becamecommonplace, the weight of the building material andthe forces of gravity and compression defined a structureand its architectural possibilities. Advances in the use ofsteel-frame forms brought with it a new conceptual wayof thinking about structures. As steel has tensilestrength, it allows new structural systems (such ascantilevers) and far-reaching aesthetic possibilities

(such as gravity-defying skyscrapers) to be developed.

Seagram Building Location: New York, USA Architect: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe: 1958

Composite materials

Materials can be classified in manydifferent ways.Some are found or extracted from theearth (such asstone or timber) and some aremanufactured fromnatural components (such as glass andsteel). Compositematerials are those that are designed andproduced froma range of other resources (natural,synthetic or manmade)to perform a particular function.The properties of composite materials can be engineered

8

to respond to particular design conditions; for examplethey may be especially durable, strong or waterproofdepending on the requirements of the build. The keyadvantage of using composite materials in architecturaldesign is that they are hugely flexible: by varying theircomposition and constituent parts different solutions fordifferent projects can be found.

Guggenheim Museum Frank Gehry

Selfridges store Kunsthaus Peter Cook and Colin Fournier

9

Water Cube Arup and PTW Architects. Beijing, China

2. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS

2.1 Definition and Main Criteria for Sustainable Building Materials

1. Waste Reduction

2. Source Reduction

3. Life Cycle Assessment

3. SELECTION SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS 3.1 Sustainable Materials Requirement

1 Being Regional

2 Being Rapidly renewable

3 Being Recycled

10

4 Being Certified (LEED,BREEAM ect. )

5 Contributing to Indoor EnvironmentQuality

REFERENCES

1-Lorraine Farrelly. (2009) construction+materiality AVA Publishing (UK)

2-CANARSLAN, Ö. (2007) “Evaluation indicators for selection of sustainable building materials: The case of Odtükent”, Master Thesis, METU, Turkey

3-Meg Calkins 2005. Materials for Sustainable Sites John Wiley

11

GREEN BUILDING

MATERIALSENERGY

4-Norman Foster (2003). Architecture and Sustainability.from. http://www.fosterandpartners.com/media/546486/essay13.pdf

5- David Leatherbarrow and Mohsen Mostafavi (2002) .SurfaceArchitecture

5- Arthur Lyons MATERIALS FOR ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS. Published by Elsevier

6- SEZER, M. (2009). Housing as a sustainable architecture in Turkey: A research on toki housing, ”, Master Thesis, METU, Turkey 7-YALDIZ ,Y,E & MAGDI H, B (2010). Re-thinking Concepts of Sustainable Architecture. Retrieved (December 15, 2011), from King Saud University Web Site from http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/hs/ArchCairo%202004%20Conference/YaldizEid%20%20%20MagdiBarakat%20%20paper.doc

12

Energy efficiency inshopping malls. Energy use and indoor climateUniversity dissertation from Chalmers University of Technology

Author: Sofia Stensson; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola.; Chalmers University Of Technology.; [2010]

Keywords: TEKNIKVETENSKAP; TECHNOLOGY; Shopping mall; energyuse; heating; cooling; loads; simulation; field measurements;

Abstract: The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to describe energy use, heating and cooling demands and the relative importance of internal heat loads in shopping malls. It will be a foundation for a future doctorial thesisin which alternative energy efficient HVAC systems for shopping malls will be analysed. A shopping mall, as definedin this study, is a large shopping centre entirely within a roofed structure, controlled by a limited number of entrances. Stores and other services are only accessible viainterior corridors. This thesis is based on information collection (literature reviews, interviews, collection of energy statistics and structuring of information) and a casestudy of an existing shopping mall (simulations and field measurements). There are countless studies covering energy use in complex buildings in general, but there are only a few published scientific papers on shopping malls. Results from interviews list the design factors that are considered to be of importance today in Sweden. To this date little

13

statistic has been published on energy use in shopping malls. The Swedish national energy statistics reports energyuse in retail, but excludes energy use in shopping malls. This is partly compensated by the recent Stil2 study which covers energy use in 30 shopping malls. This thesis contributes to this statistical foundation by covering purchased energy use for 41 shopping malls in Sweden and Norway. According to Stil2 the total purchased energy in shopping malls average 262 kWh/m2/year. The corresponding figure for the 41 studied shopping malls were 279 and 291 kWh/m2/year for Sweden and Norway respectively. There are significant differences in purchased energy between shoppingmalls, ranging between 162-545 kWh/m2/year. This large deviation and the fact that the number of shopping malls is increasing proves the importance of further work. In available energy statistics there are inconsistencies in useof notations, which is discussed in the thesis. During collection of energy statistics it has been evident that there are few shopping malls with well thought-out measurement systems. Purchased energy is always known but there are fewer measurements on how energy is distributed between functions in the building. Use of free cooling and heat recovery are rarely quantified. The first goal for future energy efficiency measures should be to reduce energydemand. Results from simulations show that decreasing the use of lighting provides a great potential for savings. If purchased energy for lighting is decreased it will result ina twofold gain, since less energy is needed for removal of surplus heat. After demands have been reduced new alternative HVAC systems can be designed and adjusted to increase energy efficiency. Due to the characteristics of the heating and cooling demands, HVAC systems with energy storage between day and night, i.e. night time ventilation, and seasonal energy storage, i.e. Borehole Thermal Energy Storage (BTES), are appealing to investigate.

14