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The basics of Earthquake

Its causes

The risk management:

During disaster

After disaster

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Table Of ContentWhat is Earthquake?

What are its causes?

What are its effects?

How it is measured?

Earthquake mitigation

What is risk mitigation?

How to safe your self during disaster?

Test your self

Facts and fictions

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What is Earthquake? The shaking of earth caused by waves

moving on and below the earth's surface.

Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface.

A sudden slipping or movement of a portion of the Earth’s crust, followed

by a series of vibrations.

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What are its Causes?

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Plate Tectonics / Margins Earthquake occurs at plate margins and at major fault

lines.

But mostly on the conservative and destructive margins.

The two plates at a plate margin cannot move past each other easily. The two plates become locked. Friction causes pressure to build up. Suddenly, the pressure is released and the plates jolt into a new position. This causes seismic waves. The vibrations they cause are called an earthquake.

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Destructive Margin Side

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Conservative Margin Side

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FINAL OUTCOME

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Human CausesMan has a way of affecting nature, and so causing his

own difficulties.

COAL MINING: There is increased stress on theremaining rocks, making earthquakes more likely tooccur.

BUILDING DAMS: The weight of the water when thevalley behind the dam is filled causes increase pressureon the earth crust.

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Focus is the point at which the rock moves. The seismic waves start at the focus.

Epicentre is directly above the focus on the Earth’s surface.

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A

BFocus

Epicentre

seismic waves

Effects of Earthquake

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How the Earthquake are Measured?

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Earthquake MitigationMitigation is: “any action taken to reduce or eliminate

the long-term risk to human life and property fromnatural hazards”.

Transferring the responsibility of the risk by gettinginsurance.

Also educating the public and raising awareness ofearthquake risks...!!!

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Hazard Mitigation

Identification

Risk Analysis

Defining Strategy

Activities and Projects

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Precautionary Methods

Before

During

After

Personal Level

Before

After

Govt. Level

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PERONAL LEVEL: Before• Put together an emergency kit – flashlight, first aid kit,

radio, drinking water, blankets.

• Develop a family communication plan – identify a relativeliving at least 100 miles away; everyone can call to“check in” to tell family you’re safe.

• Make sure all heavy or breakable items are on lowershelves.

• Know how to turn off utilities.

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PRESONAL LEVEL: During1. DROP to the ground.

2. COVER yourself under a sturdy table or desk, andcover your face and head with your arms.

3. HOLD ON to something sturdy until the shakingstops.

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Con’t If you’re driving, pull off the road, away from buildings

and utility poles, and stay in your car.

If you’re outside, drop to the ground, away from largeobjects, and cover your face and head with your arms.

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PERSONAL LEVEL: After Find your family; check for injuries

If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, go outside –shut off gas valve

Be careful to avoid live power lines and broken glass

Listen to news for latest emergency information

Be ready for aftershocks!

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GOVERNMENT LEVEL Provide a building standard for contractors to allow for

sound housing.

Educating the population on earthquakes as a hazard.

Putting in place safety regulations such as a standard forthe number of emergency exits.

Providing service teams for search and rescueoperations after the earthquake.

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QUAKE Hazard _ 01

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Con’t1. Clutter beneath desk

2. Glass door & windows

3. Portrait & vases on top of bookshelf

4. Free-standing light fixture, not secured

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QUAKE Hazard _ 02

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Con’t

1. Hanging light fixtures

2. Clutter on ground

3. Heavy items on shelf

4. Unsecure items

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SAFETY

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FICTION AND FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE Fiction: Earthquakes usually happen in the morning.

Fact: Earthquakes happen in both the day and thenight. There is no pattern.

Fiction: There is such a thing as "earthquake weather.“

Fact: There is no connection between earthquakes andweather. Remember, earthquakes happen deep in theearth, far away from the weather!

.

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Con’t Fiction: Earthquakes are on the increase.

Fact: It may seem like we’re having more earthquakesbecause there are more reporting stations, but the truthis we’re not.

Fiction: We can prevent earthquakes from happening.

Fact: No. You can protect yourself by doing things tosecure buildings, like your home, but earthquakes can’tbe prevented -- or predicted

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