DRAFT OPT BIBIT PADI

DraftANALISIS RESIKO

ORGANISME PENGANGGU TUMBUHAN

BIBIT PADI DARI CHINA(Laporan Praktikum Karantina Tumbuhan)

Oleh :

Kelompok 1Adam Fajar Kurniawan 1214121004Diyan Adinda Safitri 1214121060Ketty Andiani 1214121105Mega Fitria 1214121124Nuraeni 1214121157Pratama 11141210

JURUSAN AGROTEKNOLOGIFAKULTAS PERTANIANUNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG

2015

2

KATA PENGANTAR

Syukur Alhamdulillah kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah

SWT, karena hanya dengan petunjuk dan ridho-Nya

ANALISIS RESIKO ORGANISME PENGANGGU TUMBUHANBIBIT PADI

DARI CHINA dapat tersusun dengan baik. Ini dibuat

Untuk memenuhi salah satu tugas laporan praktikum mata

kuliah Karantina Tumbuhan. Taklupa shalawat dan salam

semoga tetap tercurah pada Nabi akhir zaman Muhammad

SAW, kepada keluarga, para sahabat dan seluruh umatnya.

Mudah-mudahan isi dari laporan kami ini dapat diambil

manfaatnya oleh semua pihak yang membaca laporan

ini.Ucapan terimakasih kami sampaikan kepada semua

pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam penyusunan

laporan ini sehingga laporan ini terselesaikan.

Bandar Lampung, 9 Juni2015

Penulis

3

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

KATA

PENGANTAR .............................................

.................................. 2

DAFTAR

ISI ...................................................

.............................................. 3

I. PENDAHULUAN

I.1 Latar

Belakang.........................................

......................................... 4

I.2 Tujuan ......................................

.................................................

....... 5

II. METODE PENGUMPULAN DATA

4

2.1

Inisiasi............................................

...................................................

6

III. PENILAIAN

RESIKO..............................................

............................. 19

IV. PENGELOLAAN

RESIKO .............................................

..................... 22

V. KESIMPULAN .........................................

............................................ 23

VI. REKOMENDASI ......................................

............................................ 24

DAFTAR

PUSTAKA ...............................................

.................................... 25

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I. PENDAHULUAN

I.1 Latar Belakang

Perdagangan komoditas pertanianan anta rnegara pada

satu sisi memberikan dampak positif bagi perolehan

devisa dan pembangunan perekonomian suatu negara.

Pada sisi lain, disadari atau tidak, perdagangan antar

Negara juga memiliki risiko terhadap berpindahnya

organisme pengganggu tumbuhan (OPT) dari suatu Negara

kenegara lain melalui komoditas pertanian media pembawa

yang diperdagangkan.

Berkaitan dengana adanya risiko berpindahnya OPT

menyebabkan banyak Negara memberlakukan persyaratan

fitosanitari terhadap komoditas impor agar bebas dari

infestasi OPT yang tidak dikehendaki oleh

negara bersangkutan. Pengenaan persyaratan fitosanitari

harus dilakukan berdasarkan justifikasi ilmiah yang

merujuk pada standar, pedoman, dan rekomendasi teknis

yang dikeluarkan oleh organisasi internasional dan

merujuk pada ketentuan internasional sebagaimana diatur

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dalam Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary

Measures (SPS Agreement) dalam WTO.

Secara umum, persyaratan fitosanitari yang dikenakan

merupakan hasil Analisis Risiko Organisme Pengganggu

Tumbuhan (AROPT). Dalam menyusun AROPT diperlukan

informasi penting terkait dengan status

komoditas yang akan diimpor dan data keberadaan suatu

OPT di negara asalnya, khususnya data tentang besarnya

kerusakan dan kerugian secara ekonomi

yang ditimbulkan, daerah sebar dan biologi

OPT bersangkutan. Data tersebut dapat diperoleh

dari berbagai sumber, diantaranya lembaga yang diberi

otoritas atau melalui Organisasi Perlindungan Tanaman

negara bersangkutanatau National Plant Protection

Organization (NPPO).

Balai KarantinaTumbuhan dapat melakukanan alisis risiko

terhadap beberapa komoditas, diantaranya: benih jagung

asal New Zealand, benih padi dari Cina, benih jagung

asal Kolombia, benih jagung asal Afrika Selatan, umbi

amaryllis asal Belanda, benih melon asal USA,

benihsemangkaasal USA, danlainnya. Dalam praktikum

karantina tumbuhan kali ini akan membahas tentang

Analisis Resiko OrganismePenggangguTumbuhan (AROPT)

pada bibit padi dari Cina.

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http://www.mediafire.com/view/w5q7q0e78y524jc/Aropt_Jagung_Afrika_Selatan.pdf

I.2 Tujuan

Adapun tujuan dari pembuatan AROPT ini adalah

1. Mengetahui apakah importasi biji padi dari Cina

aman atau tidak.

2. Jika benih tidak aman, Mengetahui bagaimana

menentukan rekomendasi tentang syarat dan tindakan

karantina tumbuhan yang sesui untuk mencegah masuk

dan tersebarnya OPT.

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II. METODE PENGUMPULAN DATA

II.1 Inisiasi

Pengumpulan data diawali dengan proses inyaitu dengan

cara menyandingkan data daftar OPT pada padi yang telah

dilaporkan terdapat di China dengan daftar OPT padi

yang terdapat di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada

tabel 1 di bawah.

Tabel 1. Data sanding daftar OPT padi China dengan OPT

padi Indonesia.

CHINA INDONESIA* Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)* Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (bacterial leaf blight) Acrida cinerea* Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch)* Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)* Agromyza oryzae (rice leaf miner)* Agrotis segetum (turnip moth)* Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)* Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed) Alternaria alternata (alternaria

* Acanthospermum hispidum (bristly starbur)* Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae(bacterial leaf blight)* Aeschynomene indica (Indian jointvetch)* Ageratum conyzoides (billy goat weed)* Agrotis segetum (turnip moth)* Alphitobius diaperinus (lesser mealworm)* Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed)* Alternanthera sessilis (sessile joyweed)* Alternaria padwickii (stackburn disease)

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leaf spot)* Alternaria padwickii (stackburn disease)* Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed)* Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth)* Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel)* Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips)* Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot)* Aspergillus niger (collar rot)* Atherigona orientalis (pepper fruit fly)* Atherigona oryzae (rice shoot fly)* Avena fatua (wild oat)* Balansia oryzae-sativae (udbattadisease)* Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf)* Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)* Brachiaria paspaloides (common signal grass)* Brevennia rehi (rice mealybug)* Cadra cautella (dried currant moth)* Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid)* Carpophilus (dried-fruit beetles)* Celosia argentea (celosia) Ceratobasidium cereale (sharp eyespot of cereals)* Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail)* Chenopodium album (fat hen)* Chilo auricilius (gold-fringed riceborer)* Chilo infuscatellus (yellow top

* Amaranthus spinosus (spiny amaranth) Anadastus filiformis Anomala antiqua (groundnut chafer) Anomala pallida* Atherigona orientalis (pepper fruit fly)* Atherigona oryzae (rice shoot fly) Atractomorpha crenulata* Avena fatua (wild oat)* Balansia oryzae-sativae (udbatta disease)* Boerhavia diffusa (red spiderling)* Borreria latifolia (broadleaf buttonweed)* Brachiaria paspaloides (common signal grass)* Brevennia rehi (rice mealybug)* Cadra cautella (dried currant moth)* Callosobruchus chinensis (Chinese bruchid)* Carpophilus (dried-fruit beetles)* Celosia argentea (celosia)* Ceratophyllum demersum (coontail)* Chenopodium album (fat hen)* Chilo auricilius (gold-fringed rice borer)* Chilo infuscatellus (yellow top borer of sugarcane)* Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer)* Chilo polychrysus (dark-headed striped borer)* Chilo sacchariphagus (spotted borer)* Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer)* Chloris barbata (purpletop

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borer of sugarcane)* Chilo polychrysus (dark-headed striped borer)* Chilo sacchariphagus (spotted borer)* Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer)* Chloris barbata (purpletop chloris)* Chlorops oryzae (rice stem maggot)* Chondracris rosea (citrus locust)* Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)* Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle)* Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaf folder)* Cochliobolus carbonum (maize leaf spot)* Cochliobolus heterostrophus (southern leaf spot)* Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum)* Cochliobolus miyabeanus (brown leaf spot of rice)* Cochliobolus sativus (root and foot rot)* Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew)* Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)* Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane)* Coptotermes (termites)* Corcyra cephalonica (rice meal moth)* Corticium rolfsii (sclerotium rot)* Crassocephalum crepidioides* Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle)

chloris)* Chondracris rosea (citrus locust)* Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)* Cleome rutidosperma (consumption weed)* Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaf folder)* Cochliobolus heterostrophus (southern leaf spot)* Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum)* Cochliobolus miyabeanus (brown leaf spot of rice)* Cochliobolus sativus (root and foot rot)* Cofana spectra (white leafhopper)* Commelina benghalensis (wandering jew)* Commelina diffusa (spreading dayflower)* Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane)* Coptotermes (termites)* Corchorus aestuans (east Indian jew's-mallow (USA))* Corcyra cephalonica (rice meal moth)* Corticium rolfsii (sclerotium rot)* Crassocephalum crepidioides* Cryptolestes pusillus (flat grain beetle)* Curvularia (black kernel)* Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)* Cyperus compressus (annual sedge)* Cyperus difformis (small-flowerednutsedge)* Cyperus esculentus (yellow

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* Curvularia (black kernel)* Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass)* Cyperus compressus (annual sedge)* Cyperus difformis (small-flowered nutsedge)* Cyperus esculentus (yellow nutsedge)* Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge)* Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)* Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)* Dicladispa armigera (rice hispa)* Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass)* Dimorphopterus* Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer) Dolycoris baccarum (sloe, bug)* Earias insulana (Egyptian stem borer)* Echinochloa colona (junglerice)* Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) Echinocnemus squameus (rice plant weevil)* Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)* Eleusine indica (goose grass)* Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut of rice)* Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (bacterial root rot of sweet potato)* Erwinia chrysanthemi (bacterial

nutsedge)* Cyperus iria (rice flatsedge)* Cyperus rotundus (purple nutsedge)* Dactyloctenium aegyptium (crowfoot grass)* Dicladispa armigera (rice hispa)* Digitaria ciliaris (southern crabgrass) Digitaria longiflora (false couch grass)* Dimorphopterus* Dinoderus minutus (bamboo borer)* Echinochloa colona (junglerice)* Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass)* Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth)* Eleusine indica (goose grass)* Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower) Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut of rice)* Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (bacterial root rot of sweet potato)* Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge) Euproctis minor Euproctis virguncula Euproctis xanthorrhoea* Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringerush)* Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis) Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot)* Galinsoga parviflora (gallant soldier)* Gibberella avenacea (Fusarium blight)* Gibberella fujikuroi (fig endosepsis)

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wilt of dahlia)* Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. chrysanthemi (bacterial wilt of Dahlia spp.)* Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae (bacterial stalk rot)* Euphorbia helioscopia (sun spurge)* Euphorbia hirta (garden spurge)* Fimbristylis dichotoma (tall fringe rush)* Fimbristylis littoralis (lesser fimbristylis)* Frankliniella intonsa (thrips, flower) Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot)* Galium aparine (cleavers)* Gibberella avenacea (Fusarium blight) Gibberella baccata (collar rot of coffee)* Gibberella fujikuroi (fig endosepsis) Gibberella intricans (damping-offof safflower)* Gibberella zeae (headblight of maize)* Gryllotalpa africana (african mole cricket)* Haplothrips aculeatus (grass thrips)* Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope)* Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope)* Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow)* Hieroglyphus banian (rice grasshopper)* Hydrellia griseola (rice leaf miner)

* Gryllotalpa africana (african molecricket)* Heliotropium europaeum (common heliotrope)* Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope)* Hydrellia philippina (rice leaf miner)* Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)* Hypomeces squamosus (green weevil)* Imperata cylindrica (satintail)* Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)* Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)* Ischaemum timorense (centipede grass)* Kyllinga brevifolia (green kyllinga) Laelia suffusa* Lantana camara (lantana)* Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper)* Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle)* Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa)* Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass)* Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)* Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop)* Leptocorisa acuta (rice seed bug)* Leptocorisa oratorius (slender rice bug) Leptoglossus gonagra (squash bug)* Limnocharis flava (yellow sawah letuce)* Lindernia anagallis* Lindernia antipoda

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* Hydrellia philippina (rice leaf miner) Hydrellia sasakii (paddy stem maggot)* Hydrilla verticillata (hydrilla)* Hypomeces squamosus (green weevil)* Imperata cylindrica (satintail)* Ipomoea aquatica (swamp morning-glory)* Ischaemum rugosum (saramollagrass)* Kyllinga brevifolia (green kyllinga)* Lantana camara (lantana)* Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper)* Lasioderma serricorne (cigarettebeetle)* Lasiodiplodia theobromae (diplodia pod rot of cocoa)* Leersia hexandra (southern cut grass)* Lemna perpusilla (duckweed)* Leptochloa chinensis (Chinese sprangletop)* Leptocorisa acuta (rice seed bug)* Leptocorisa oratorius (slender rice bug) Leptoglossus gonagra (squash bug)* Lindernia anagallis* Lindernia antipoda* Lindernia crustacea* Lindernia procumbens (commonfalse pimpernel)* Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil)* Locusta migratoria (migratory locust)* Ludwigia adscendens (water

* Lindernia ciliata* Lindernia crustacea* Lindernia procumbens (common false pimpernel)* Liposcelis bostrychophila (book louse) Liposcelis entomophila (grain psocid)* Locusta migratoria (migratory locust)* Ludwigia adscendens (water primrose)* Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)* Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow)* Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot of bean/tobacco)* Magnaporthe grisea (rice blast disease)* Magnaporthe salvinii (stem rot)* Marasmia exigua (rice leaf roller)* Marasmia patnalis (rice leafroller)* Marsilea minuta (pepperwort)* Melanitis leda ismene (rice butterfly) Melanitis suyadana* Melochia corchorifolia (redweed)* Merremia umbellata (hogvine)* Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)* Mimosa pigra (catclaw mimosa)* Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant) Mocis frugalis* Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)* Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed)* Monographella albescens (leaf scald)* Murdannia nudiflora (doveweed)

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primrose)* Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose)* Ludwigia octovalvis (primrose willow)* Macrophomina phaseolina (charcoal rot of bean/tobacco)* Magnaporthe grisea (rice blast disease)* Magnaporthe salvinii (stem rot)* Marasmia exigua (rice leaf roller)* Melanitis leda ismene (rice butterfly)* Melochia corchorifolia (redweed)* Merremia umbellata (hogvine)* Mimosa diplotricha (giant sensitive plant)* Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant)* Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)* Monochoria vaginalis (pickerel weed)* Monographella albescens (leaf scald)* Monographella nivalis (foot rot of cereals) Mycosphaerella holci (glume blight)* Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil)* Mythimna loreyi (maize caterpillar)* Mythimna separata (paddy armyworm)* Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) Najas graminea (grassy naiad) Najas minor (spinyleaf naiad)* Naranga diffusa (rice green semilooper)

Mycalesis horsfieldi* Myriophyllum aquaticum (parrot-feather)* Myriophyllum spicatum (spiked watermilfoil)* Mythimna loreyi (maize caterpillar)* Mythimna separata (paddy armyworm) Najas graminea (grassy naiad)* Nectria rigidiuscula (green point gall)* Nephotettix nigropictus (rice green leafhopper)* Nephotettix virescens (green paddy leafhopper)* Nezara viridula (green stink bug)* Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)* Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper)* Orseolia oryzae (rice stem gall midge)* Oryza rufipogon (wild rice)* Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle)* Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel (USA))* Oxalis latifolia (sorrel) Oxya (rice field grasshopper)* Oxya chinensis (rice grasshopper)* Panicum maximum (Guinea grass)* Panicum repens (torpedo grass) Pantoea agglomerans (bacterial grapevine blight)* Parapoynx stagnalis (rice case bearer)* Parnara guttatus (rice skipper)* Paspalum conjugatum (sour paspalum)

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* Nectria haematococca (dry rot ofpotato)* Nephotettix cincticeps (rice green leafhopper)* Nephotettix nigropictus (rice green leafhopper)* Nephotettix virescens (green paddy leafhopper)* Nezara viridula (green stink bug)* Nicandra physalodes (apple of Peru)* Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper)* Orseolia oryzae (rice stem gall midge)* Oryza rufipogon (wild rice)* Oryzaephilus mercator (merchant grain beetle)* Oryzaephilus surinamensis (saw toothed grain beetle) Oulema oryzae (rice leaf beetle)* Oxalis corniculata (creeping woodsorrel (USA))* Oxya chinensis (rice grasshopper)* Panicum repens (torpedo grass) Pantoea agglomerans (bacterial grapevine blight)* Pantoea ananatis (fruitlet rot of pineapple)* Parapoynx stagnalis (rice case bearer) Parasa bicolor* Parnara guttatus (rice skipper)* Paspalum conjugatum (sour paspalum)* Paspalum distichum (knotgrass)* Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)* Pelopidas mathias (rice skipper)* Penicillium digitatum (green

* Paspalum distichum (knotgrass)* Passiflora foetida (red fruit passion flower)* Pelopidas mathias (rice skipper)* Penicillium digitatum (green mould)* Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper)* Perkinsiella saccharicida (sugarcane leafhopper) Phalera combusta* Phragmites australis (common reed)* Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower) Phyllophaga helleri* Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)* Poa annua (annual meadowgrass)* Polygonum barbatum (knot grass)* Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper)* Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria)* Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria)* Portulaca oleracea (purslane) Psalis pennatula (hairy rice caterpillar)* Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (sheath brown rot)* Pseudomonas syringae pv. zizaniae (bacterial leaf streak)* Pyrilla perpusilla (sugarcane planthopper)* Pythium arrhenomanes (cereals root rot)* Pythium graminicola (seedling blight of grasses)* Pythium myriotylum (brown rot ofgroundnut)

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mould)* Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper)* Perkinsiella saccharicida (sugarcane leafhopper) Phoma leveillei (sheath blotch)* Phragmites australis (common reed)* Phyllanthus urinaria (leafflower)* Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce)* Poa annua (annual meadowgrass)* Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed)* Polygonum barbatum (knot grass)* Polygonum hydropiper (marsh pepper)* Polygonum lapathifolium (pale persicaria)* Polygonum nepalense (Nepal persicaria)* Portulaca oleracea (purslane) Psammotettix striatus* Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (sheath brown rot) Pseudomonas syringae* Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (bacterial canker or blast (stone and pom)* Pyrilla perpusilla (sugarcane planthopper)* Pythium graminicola (seedling blight of grasses)* Pythium irregulare (dieback: carrot)* Pythium myriotylum (brown rot of groundnut) Pythium spinosum (root rot: ornamentals) Pythium ultimum (black-leg of

* Recilia dorsalis (zigzag leafhopper)* Rhopalosiphum maidis (green corn aphid)* Rhopalosiphum padi (grain aphid)* Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (rice root aphid)* Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer)* Rice grassy stunt virus* Rice ragged stunt virus (rice ragged stunt)* Rice tungro bacilliform virus (rice tungro) Rice tungro disease (rice tungro virus)* Rice tungro spherical virus* rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma* Richardia brasiliensis (white-eye (Australia))* Rivula atimeta (green hairy caterpillar)* Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)* Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry)* Saccharicoccus sacchari (grey sugarcane mealybug)* Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane)* Sagittaria guyanensis (lesser arrow-head)* Salvinia molesta (kariba weed)* Sarocladium oryzae (rice sheath rot)* Schizaphis graminum (spring green aphid)* Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow stem borer)* Scirpophaga innotata (white rice

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seedlings)* Recilia dorsalis (zigzag leafhopper)* Rhopalosiphum maidis (green corn aphid)* Rhopalosiphum padi (grain aphid)* Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (rice root aphid)* Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer)* Rice black streaked dwarf virus* Rice dwarf virus (dwarf disease of rice)* Rice gall dwarf virus (rice gall dwarf)* Rice grassy stunt virus* Rice ragged stunt virus (rice ragged stunt)* Rice stripe virus (rice stripe tenuivirus)* Rice transitory yellowing virus (rice yellow stunt virus)* Rice tungro bacilliform virus (ricetungro) Rice tungro disease (rice tungro virus)* Rice tungro spherical virus* rice yellow dwarf phytoplasma* Rottboellia cochinchinensis (itch grass)* Rubus ellipticus (yellow Himalayan raspberry)* Rumex crispus (curled dock)* Saccharicoccus sacchari (grey sugarcane mealybug)* Sagittaria guyanensis (lesser arrow-head)* Sarocladium oryzae (rice sheath rot)* Schizaphis graminum (spring

stem borer)* Scirpophaga nivella (white rice borer)* Scirpus grossus (greater club rush)* Scirpus juncoides (bulrush)* Scirpus maritimus (saltmarsh bulrush) Scotinophara cinerea* Scotinophara coarctata (black rice bug)* Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)* Sesamia inferens (purple stem borer)* Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail)* Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail)* Setaria viridis (green foxtail) Setomorpha rutella (insect moth)* Sida acuta (sida)* Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid)* Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)* Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth)* Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper)* Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)* Sphaerulina oryzina (narrow brown leaf spot)* Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort)* Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm)* Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm)* Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar) Spodoptera mauritia (paddy swarming caterpillar)

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green aphid)* Scirpophaga incertulas (yellow stem borer)* Scirpophaga nivella (white rice borer)* Scirpus grossus (greater club rush)* Scirpus juncoides (bulrush)* Scirpus maritimus (saltmarsh bulrush)* Sclerophthora macrospora (downy mildew)* Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod)* Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer)* Sesamia inferens (purple stem borer)* Setaria parviflora (knotroot foxtail)* Setaria pumila (yellow foxtail)* Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail)* Setaria viridis (green foxtail)* Sida acuta (sida)* Sitobion avenae (wheat aphid)* Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid)* Sitophilus zeamais (greater grain weevil)* Sitotroga cerealella (grain moth)* Sogatella furcifera (white-backedplanthopper)* Sorghum halepense (Johnson grass)* Sphaerulina oryzina (narrow brown leaf spot)* Sphenoclea zeylanica (wedgewort)* Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm)* Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar)

* Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides (armyworm)* Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)* Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle)* Stellaria media (common chickweed)* Stenchaetothrips biformis (rice thrips)* Striga angustifolia (witchweed)* Striga asiatica (witch weed)* Striga densiflora (witchweed)* Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) Telicota augias* Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle)* Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (riceroot aphid) Thaia oryzivora (orange rice leafhopper)* Thanatephorus cucumeris (many names, depending on host)* Thrips palmi (melon thrips)* Tilletia barclayana (black smut of rice)* Trianthema portulacastrum (horse purslane)* Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle)* Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine)* Typhaea stercorea (hairy fungus beetle) Urochloa mutica (tall panicum)* Ustilaginoidea virens (false smut)* Utricularia aurea (bladderwort)* Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (rice leaf blight)* Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice)

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Spodoptera mauritia (paddy swarming caterpillar)* Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides (armyworm)* Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Jamaica vervain)* Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle)* Stellaria media (common chickweed)* Stenchaetothrips biformis (rice thrips)* Striga angustifolia (witchweed)* Striga asiatica (witch weed)* Striga densiflora (witchweed)* Synedrella nodiflora (synedrella) Tarbinskiellus portentosus (rice field cricket)* Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle)* Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (rice root aphid) Thaia subrufa* Thanatephorus cucumeris (manynames, depending on host)* Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress)* Thrips palmi (melon thrips)* Tilletia barclayana (black smut of rice)* Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle)* Tribulus terrestris (puncture vine)* Trogoderma variabile (grain dermestid)* Typhaea stercorea (hairy fungus beetle) Uromyces coronatus (rust of rice)* Ustilaginoidea virens (false smut)

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* Utricularia aurea (bladderwort)* Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur)* Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (rice leaf blight)* Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice)CAB International,2007. Crop Protection Compendium,2007

Edition.

Dari tabel 1. Diatas dicari OPT yang ada di bibit padi

China, tetapi yang tidak terdapat pada bibit padi di

Indonesia.

OPT pada bibit padi China dan tidak ada di Indonesia

itu dapat dilihat pada tabel 2 di bawah.

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Tabel 2. Daftar OPT pada bibit padi China yang belum

terdapat di Indonesia dan potensi terbawa kedalam

importasi bibit padi dari China.

No OPT/OPTK Potensi TerbawaKomoditas Bibit

Padi1 Acrida cinerea TIDAK2 Agromyza oryzae (rice leaf miner) TIDAK3 Alternaria alternata (alternaria leaf spot) TIDAK4 Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed) TIDAK5 Anagallis arvensis (scarlet pimpernel) TIDAK6 Anaphothrips obscurus (grass thrips) TIDAK7 Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot) YA8 Aspergillus niger (collar rot) YA9 Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow

dwarf)TIDAK

10 Ceratobasidium cereale (sharp eyespot of cereals)

TIDAK

11 Chlorops oryzae (rice stem maggot) TIDAK12 Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle) TIDAK13 Cochliobolus carbonum (maize leaf spot) TIDAK14 Crassocephalum crepidioides TIDAK15 Dolycoris baccarum (sloe, bug) TIDAK16 Earias insulana (Egyptian stem borer) TIDAK17 Echinocnemus squameus (rice plant weevil) TIDAK18 Erwinia chrysanthemi (bacterial wilt of

dahlia)TIDAK

19 Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. chrysanthemi TIDAK

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(bacterial wilt of Dahlia spp.)

20 Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae (bacterial stalk rot)

TIDAK

21 Euphorbia helioscopia (sun spurge) TIDAK22 Frankliniella intonsa (thrips, flower) TIDAK23 Galium aparine (cleavers) TIDAK24 Gibberella baccata (collar rot of coffee) TIDAK25 Gibberella intricans (damping-off of

safflower)TIDAK

26 Gibberella zeae (headblight of maize) TIDAK27 Haplothrips aculeatus (grass thrips) TIDAK28 Hibiscus trionum (Venice mallow) TIDAK29 Hieroglyphus banian (rice grasshopper) TIDAK30 Hydrellia griseola (rice leaf miner) TIDAK31 Hydrellia sasakii (paddy stem maggot) TIDAK32 Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water

weevil)TIDAK

33 Monographella albescens (leaf scald) TIDAK34 Monographella nivalis (foot rot of cereals) TIDAK35 Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm) TIDAK36 Najas minor (spinyleaf naiad) TIDAK37 Nectria haematococca (dry rot of potato) TIDAK38 Nephotettix cincticeps (rice green

leafhopper)TIDAK

39 Oryzaephilus mercator (merchant grain beetle)

TIDAK

40 Oulema oryzae (rice leaf beetle) TIDAK41 Pantoea ananatis (fruitlet rot of pineapple) TIDAK42 Parasa bicolor TIDAK43 Phoma leveillei (sheath blotch) TIDAK44 Pythium irregulare (dieback: carrot) TIDAK

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45 Pythium spinosum (root rot: ornamentals) TIDAK46 Pythium ultimum (black-leg of seedlings) TIDAK47 Polygonum aviculare (prostrate knotweed) TIDAK48 Psammotettix striatus TIDAK49 Rice black streaked dwarf virus TIDAK50 Rice dwarf virus (dwarf disease of rice) TIDAK51 Rice gall dwarf virus (rice gall dwarf) TIDAK52 Rice stripe virus (rice stripe tenuivirus) TIDAK53 Rice transitory yellowing virus (rice yellow

stunt virus)TIDAK

54 Rumex crispus (curled dock) TIDAK55 Sclerophthora macrospora (downy mildew) YA

daun56 Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer) TIDAK57 Setaria verticillata (bristly foxtail) TIDAK58 Sitobion avenae (wheat aphid) TIDAK59 Tarbinskiellus portentosus (rice field

cricket)TI DAK

60 Thaia subrufa TIDAK61 Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) TIDAK62 Trogoderma variabile (grain dermestid) TIDAK63 Uromyces coronatus (rust of rice) TIDAK64 Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) TIDAK

Dari tabel 2 diatas terlihat OPT yang berpotensi

terbawa importasi bibit padi dari China ada 3 (tiga)

antara lain : Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot), Aspergillus niger

(collar rot), dan Sclerophthora macrospora (downy mildew). Untuk itu

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hanya 3 OPT yang dilanjutkan pada tahap penilaian

resiko (Risk assesment).

III. PENILAIAN RESIKO

3.1. Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot)

3.1.1. Klasifikasi dan Tatanama

Kingdom : Fungi

Phylum : Ascomycota

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Class : Eurotiomycetes

Ordo : Eurotiales

Family : Trichocomaceae

Genus : Aspergillus

Spesies : Aspergillus flavus

Table 3. penilaian risiko Aspergillus flavus

No Parameter Hasil Skoring

1 Kemampuan reproduksi dan dispersi

Mampu, pada komoditas gudang

3

2 Tingkat kesulitan membebaskan MP dariOPT

Dapat dibebaskan dengan fumigasi

2

3 Dampak ekonomi sosial

mengurangi kualitas biji simpan

2

4 Kemampuan bertahan hidup

Dapat bertahan pada komoditas gudang

3

5 Lingkungan yang mempengaruhi perkembangan OPT

Sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan biotik dan abiotik di indonesia

2

6 Ketersediaan inang potensial di indonesia

Jagung, padi, kacang-kacangan.

3

7 Tingkat kesulitan eradikasi/incursion

Mudah dieradikasi 1

8 Kemampuan deteksi OPT

Mampu 1

Total 17

3.2. Aspergillus niger (collar rot)


Kingdom : Fungi

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Phylum : Ascomycota

Class : Eurotiomycetes

Order : Eurotiales

Family : Trichocomaceae

Genus : Aspergillus

Species : Aspergillus niger

Table 2. penilaian risiko Aspergillus niger


1 Kemampuan reproduksi dan dispersi

Mampu, pada komoditas gudang

3

2 Tingkat kesulitan membebaskan MP dari OPT

Dapat dibebaskan dengan fumigasi

2

3 Dampak ekonomi sosial mengurangi kualitas biji simpan

2


Dapat bertahan pada komoditas gudang

3



2


Jagung, padi, kacang-kacangan.

3

7 Tingkat kesulitan eradikasi/ incursion

Mudah dieradikasi 1

8 Kemampuan deteksi OPT Mampu 1total 17

3.3. Sclerophthora macrospora (downy mildew)


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Domain : Eukaryota

Kingdom : Chromista

Phylum : Oomycota

Class : Oomycetes

Order : Sclerosporales

Family : Verrucalvaceae

Spesies : Sclerophthora macrospora.

Table 3. penilaian risiko Sclerophthora macrospora (downy

mildew)


1 Kemampuan reproduksidan dispersi

Mampu, karena komoditas untuk bibit

3

2 Tingkat kesulitan membebaskan MP dari OPT

Dapat dibebaskan dengan perlakuan

1

3 Dampak ekonomi sosial

Dapat menurunkan produksi

3


Tanah dan sisa tanaman

3



2


Jagung, sorgum, tebu, rumput

2

7 Tingkat kesulitan eradikasi/ incursion

Mudah dieradikasi 2

8 Kemampuan deteksi OPT

Mampu 1

Total 17

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3.4 Kesimpulan

Dari uraian pada tabel-tabel di atas dapat dilihat

skor-skor pada tiap-tiap OPT, antara lain :

1) Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot) mempunyai skor 17,

yang berarti masuk kategori resiko tinggi.

2) Aspergillus niger (collar rot) empunyai skor 17, yang

berarti masuk kategori resiko tinggi.

3) Sclerophthora macrospora (downy mildew) empunyai skor 17,

yang berarti masuk kategori resiko tinggi.

IV. PENGELOLAAN RESIKO

Pengelolaan resiko bertujuan untuk meminimalkan

organisme penganggu bibit padi yang diimpor dari China

masuk kedalam wilayah Negara Republik Indonesia.

Didalam pencegahan kemungkinan masuknya OPT bibit padi

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yang diimpor dari China diperlukan sistem dan prosedur

pengelolaan resiko.

Importasi bibit padi dari China mempunyai resiko

kategori tinggi, yang selanjutnya pengelolaan resikonya

antara lain:

IV.1 Di Negara Asal (China)

- PC

- Media pembawa berasal dari Area of Low Pest

Prevalence (ALPP) atau tempat produksi yang bebas

(PFPS) dari OPTK

- Media pembawa harus berasal dari produsen yang

terintegrasi

- Media pembawa harus diberikan perlakuan

- Media pembawa bebas dari tanah, kompos, dan

kotoran lainya

- Media pembawa dikemas menggunakan kemasan yang

menjamin tidak akan terjadi re-infestasi OPT/OPTK

- Tindakan pemeriksaan Karantina Tumbuhan di negara

asal (opsional)

- Pre Clearance Inspection (Penilaian status

fitosanitari sumber produksi) (opsional).

IV.2 Di Indonesia

- Melalui tempat-tempat pemasukan yang telah

ditetapkan

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- Dilaporkan dan diserahkan kepada petugas Karantina

Tumbuhan di tempat pemasukan untuk keperluan

tindakan Karantina Tumbuhan

- Dikenakan tindakan Karantina.

V. KESIMPULAN

Importasi bibit padi dari China kemungkinan dapat

membawa OPT, OPT yang berpotensi terbawa bersama bibit

padi tersebut adalah Aspergillus flavus (Aspergillus ear rot),

Aspergillus niger (collar rot), dan Sclerophthora macrospora (downy

mildew). Dan setelah dikaji atau dianalisaimportasi

bibit padi dari China mempunyai resiko membawa OPT

kategori tinggi.

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VI. REKOMENDASI

Rekomendasi yang diberikan berkenaan dengan importasi

bibit padi dari China antara lain sebagai berikut:

1) Dilengkapi PC

2) Dilakukan fumigasi di Negara China

3) Dilaporkan dan diserahkan kepada petugas karantina

setelah sampai di Indonesia, untuk tindakan

karantina.

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA

CABI. Pest Risk Analysis The Risk of Introducing Aspergillus flavus in Maize Seed. Appendix 1: CABI CropProtection Compendium Data Sheet For Aspergillus flavus.

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CABI. International 2007 edition.

Marwanto.2011. Metode Inovativ Pemusnahan OPTK A1 Golongan 1 (Pantoea Stewartii) Pada Komoditas Jagung Biji Bahan Pakan Ternak Ex. Impor Dari Thailand Di Provinsi Lampung.

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DRAFT OPT BIBIT PADI

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